Table of Contents

 

Oral Presentations

SPC – Second International URSI Student Paper Competition

ABD – Low Noise Microwave Generation. 5

B01 – Electromagnetic Theory. 7

C01 – Frequency Converters and Mixers. 8

D01 – RFID Technology and Applications. 9

E01 – EMC Interactions in Complex Systems. 11

F01 – State-of-the-Art Developments in Propagation and Remote sensing. 13

G01 – Open Session and Latest Results I 15

H01 – Nonlinear Waves and Turbulence in Plasmas. 17

J01 – Low Frequency Radio Astronomy I – (LOFAR, LWA, MWA, GMRT, any other) 19

K01 – Interaction between EMF and Biosystems: Molecular Modeling and Ultra Short Pulses Biological Effects  21

BT – Passive and Active Metamaterial Constructs and Their Impact on Electrically Small Radiating and Scattering Systems  23

General Lecture 1. 24

A02 – Fractals - Design and Measurement 25

BD1 – Metamaterial Theory. 26

C02 – Advanced Architectures of High-Performance Power Amplifiers for Mobile Communications Systems  28

DB1: Modeling of High Frequency Devices and Circuits. 29

E02 – Lightning and Related Effects I 31

F02 – Attenuation and Depolarization in Satellite and Terrestrial Propagation. 33

G02 – Measuring and Modeling the Ionospheric Electron Density Profile. 35

H02 – Micro/macro-scale Kinetic Processes at Boundary Layers in Terrestrial and Planetary Environments  37

JT – Exploring the Epoch of Reionization with Low-Frequency Radio Telescopes (in memory of Donald C. Backer) 39

KBE – Non-ionizing Electromagnetic Breast Imaging. 40

J02 – Low Frequency Radio Astronomy II 42

CD – Advanced RF Integrated Circuits. 44

A03 – Time Scale. 45

B03 – Hybrid Methods (in memory of Robert G. Kouyoumjian) 47

CB – Antenna Channel Interactions for Future Wireless Communications. 49

D03 – Lasers. 50

E03 – High Power and Intentional EMI (in memory of Carl E. Baum) 52

F03 – Tropospheric Modeling for Radiowave Propagation and Radar Remote Sensing. 54

G03 - Recent Developments in and Coordinated Studies with Incoherent Scatter Radars. 56

H03 – Wave-particle Interactions and Their Effects on Planetary Radiation Belts I 58

J03 – Technology Development for the SKA Program.. 60

K03 – Environmental EMF Exposure Assessment 62

C05 – Radio Science for Information Security and Social Safety. 64

KT – Epidemiology of RF and Cancer 65

A04 – EM Materials. 66

B04 – Electromagnetic Field Transformations for Measurements and Numerical Methods. 68

B05 – Theoretical and Numerical Issues in Electromagnetics. 69

C06 – Green Communications. 70

DBC – Signal Processing Antennas. 71

EGH – Terrestrial and Planetary Electromagnetics. 72

F04 – Active and Passive Remote Sensing of Vegetation (in honor of Roger H. Lang) 73

G04 – Practical Applications and Techniques for the Use of Ionosonde Data. 74

HT – Major developments in our understanding of electric antennas in space plasmas. 75

J04 – Space and Moon-based radio astronomy: science and technology. 76

H04 – Wave-particle Interactions and Their Effects on Planetary Radiation Belts II 77

AB1 – Antenna Measurement 78

B06 – Multiscale Modeling and Applications to Composite Materials. 80

CBD – Vehicular Communications. 82

DB2 – Plasmonics. 83

E05 – Spectrum Management 84

F05 – Radar Applications: Polarimetric Interferometry, Smart Systems and Propagation Impairment 86

G05 – New Science Initiatives on Irregularities and Scintillation using Beacon Satellites. 88

HG1 – Radio Sounding in Ionospheres and Magnetospheres and Associated Plasma Phenomena I 90

J05 – Sun and Solar System Science. 92

K04 – Biomedical Applications: Diagnostic Sensing. 93

CT – Six-port Wave Correlator Theory and Practical Application to RF Network Analysis. 95

General Lecture 2. 96

AB2 - Antenna Measurement 97

B07 – Adaptive Antennas. 99

CHGBDJK – Solar Power Satellites and Wireless Power Transmission. 101

DT – RFID Technology and Applications. 103

EB – Electromagnetic Modelling for EMC.. 104

F06 – Remote Sensing of Oceans, Cryosphere and Related Topics. 106

G06 – Distributed Ground and Space-based Observatories for Space Weather Studies. 108

HG2 – Radio Sounding in Ionospheres and Magnetospheres and Associated Plasma Phenomena II 110

J06 – Signal Processing, Calibration and Imaging in Radio Astronomy. 112

K05 – Interactions with Human Body and Implanted Systems. 114

DB3 – Metamaterial Applications. 116

AGJ – Pulsar Timing and Time Transfer 118

BD2 – Numerical Techniques for Multi-Physics Electromagnetics. 120

CA – Propagation Measurement Based Performance Evaluation of Advanced MIMO Systems  122

D07 – Micro and Nano Photonics. 124

E07 – EMC in Wire and Wireless Communication Systems. 126

F07– Scintillations, Fading, Ducting, and Remote Sensing and Propagation for Non-Precipitating Atmosphere  128

G07 – Ionospheric Research for Radio Systems Support 130

HG3 – Active Experiments in the Ionosphere and Magnetosphere I 132

J07 – Observatory Reports. 134

K06 – Biological Effects of EMF: Cellular, Animal 137

AT – Single Electron Tunneling (SET) 139

BJ – Very Large Antenna Arrays for Radio Astronomy. 140

C10 – Wireless Communication Technologies for Standardization. 141

D08 – Nonlinear Optics and Guided Wave Devices. 142

E08 – Surveys of the Electromagnetic Environment 143

FT – Remote Sensing, Systems and Applications: Present and Future. 144

G08 – Open Session and Latest Results II 145

GHE1 – Lightning Induced Effects in the Ionosphere and Magnetosphere, I 147

HG4 – Active Experiments in the Ionosphere and Magnetosphere II 148

J08 – Spectrum Management Issues and RFI Mitigation. 150

K07 – Biomedical Applications: Imaging and Brain Mapping. 151

F08 – System Aspects: Antennas, Calibration, and Interference. 153

AB3 – Antenna Measurement 154

B10 – Beam Methods. 156

C11 – Power Amplifier Considerations for Software Radio Systems. 157

DAF1 – Enabling Technologies for Millimeter and THz Wave Applications. 159

E09 – Lightning and Related Effects II 161

F09 – Disaster Management 162

G09 – CAWSES-2 Ionospheric and Thermospheric Campaigns and Results. 164

H09 – Laboratory Simulation of Space and Dust-related Phenomena. 165

Grote Reber Award Function. 167

K08 – Biomedical Application: Healing and Therapy. 168

ET – EMC Measurements in the Time-Domain. 170

JG – Ionospheric Calibration for Radio Astronomy (in memory of William E. Gordon) 171

General Lecture 3. 172

AD – Optical Frequency Metrology. 173

B11 – Inverse Scattering and Imaging. 175

C12 – Multiple Antenna Technologies for Communication Systems and Radar 177

DAF2 – Millimeter and THz Wave Applications, including NTU, security, communication, sensors, spectroscopy, etc. 179

E10 – Stochastic Techniques in EMC.. 181

FG – Ionospheric and Tropospheric Effects in Precision GNSS. 183

GT – Sprites and Energetic Radiation Above Thunderstorms. 185

H10 – Waves as Signatures of Inflowing Plasma Interaction with Solar System Bodies. 186

J10 – Mm and Sub-mm Science and Technology with a Special Focus on ALMA. 188

KAE – Anatomical Human Models Development and Exposure Assessment 190

GHE2 – Lightning Induced Effects in the Ionosphere and Magnetosphere, II 192

AC – Communication Metrology. 194

B12 – Novel Mathematical Methods in Electromagnetics. 196

C13 – Signal Processing Advances for Cognitive Radio. 198

DF – Hyperspectral Sensing and LIDAR.. 200

E11 – EMC and Signal Integrity. 201

FCA – Channel Modeling, Measurements and Characterization in Communications and Remote Sensing  203

GHE3 – Electromagnetic Effects in Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere Coupling. 204

H11 – Open session. 206

J11 – New Observations and Results. 208

KB – Uncertainty Management in Numerical Calculation and EM Field Dosimetry. 210

Public Lecture. 212

Poster Presentations

BP1 – Poster session 1. 213

CP – Poster session. 220

Poster: RFID and Signal Processing Antennas. 223

Poster: High frequency Devices and Multiphysics Techniques. 225

EP1 – Poster session 1. 227

FP1 – Poster session 1 – Focus: Remote Sensing. 229

GP1 – Poster session 1. 230

HP1 – Poster session 1. 239

JP1 – Poster session 1. 244

KP1 – Poster session 1. 248

AP – Poster Session. 250

BP2 – Poster Session 2. 252

Poster: Photonics. 260

Poster: Metamaterials and Microwave Techniques. 262

EP2 – Poster Session 2. 264

FP2 – Poster Session 2 – Focus: Propagation. 266

GP2 – Poster Session 2. 267

HP2 – Poster Session 2. 276

JP2 – Poster Session 2. 281

KP2 – Poster Session 2. 284

Author Index 286


 

 

 

SPC – Second International URSI Student Paper Competition

Session Chairs: Steven C. Reising, Birsen Saka

Session    SPC

Type        Oral Presentation

Schedule Monday, August 15, 13:00-16:40

Room       Sultan 3

13:00        SPC.1 A FEMTOSECOND-PRECISION, FIBER-OPTIC TIMING TRANSFER SYSTEM WITH LONG-TERM STABLE, POLARIZATION MAINTAINING OUTPUT

J. A. Cox1, F. X. Kärtner1,21Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA; 2 Hamburg University, Germany

A fiber-based, all-optical system for femtosecond-precision, long-term, timing transfer and synchronization of electronics and lasers at the kilometer scale is presented. The system incorporates a fiber polarization controller for long-term synchronization of remote lasers, and uses an optical timing detector based on balanced optical cross-correlation. We demonstrate continuous, unaided timing distribution over 168-hours with 5 fs rms precision over 340 m of fiber. Also, timing transfer from local to remote laser for 5 hours with 4 fs rms precision is shown. A study of linear and non-linear effects impacting performance is presented.

13:20         SPC.2 AN INVESTIGATION OF WHISTLER INTENSITIES ABOVE THUNDERSTORMS

J. Fiser1, J. Chum1, G. Diendorfer2, M. Parrot3, and O. Santolik1,4, 1Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic; 2Austrian Electrotechnical Association, Austria;  3LPC2E/CNRS, France; 4Charles University, Czech Republic

We study a penetration of whistlers to the ionosphere. We developed an automatic method for assigning causative lightning to fractional-hop whistlers observed on the DEMETER satellite. Processing data from 364 passes of the satellite over Europe, we found that at nighttime, a mean whistler intensity is approximately three times larger than at daytime. A maximum of whistler intensity is shifted approximately one degree from the satellite magnetic footprint owing to the oblique propagation. Calculations of wave attenuation made using IRI2007 and MSIS models show very similar result in a ratio of nighttime and daytime intensities.

13:40         SPC.3 CONFINING THE ANGULAR DISTRIBUTION OF TGF EMISSION

T. Gjesteland1, N. Ostgaard1, A. B. Collier2, B. E. Carlson2, M. B. Cohen3, N. G. Lehtinen31University of Bergen, Norway; 2University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; 3Stanford University, USA

We present the first constraints on the TGF emission cone, based on accurately geolocated TGFs. The distribution of the observation angles for 106 TGFs are compared to Monte Carlo simulations. We find that TGF emissions within an isotropic half angle >30deg can generate the observations. In addition, 36 events are used for spectral analysis. The result is a significant softening of the TGF energy spectrum for large observation angles, which is consistent with a TGF emission half angle <40deg. The constraints 30-40deg indicates that the electrons which produce TGFs are accelerated in nearly vertical electric fields.

 

14:00         SPC.4 SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF THE AIRY PULSE BEAM

Y. Kaganovsky, E. Heyman, Tel Aviv University, Israel

The Airy beam (AiB) has attracted a lot of attention recently because of its intriguing features such as propagation along curved trajectories in free-space and the weak diffraction. Here we derive the ultra wide band Airy pulsed beam (AiPB) which is the extension of the AiB into the time domain. We introduce a frequency scaling that renders the ray skeleton of the field frequency independent, thus insuring that the resulting AiPB is non-dispersive and preserves the intriguing features of the time-harmonic AiB. An exact closed form solution is derived using the spectral theory of transients (STT).

 

14:20         SPC.5 ACCURATE PHOTONIC ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERSION

A. Khilo1, C. M. Sorace1, J. R. Birge1, F. X. Kärtner1,21Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA2Hamburg University, Germany

Photonic analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) are attracting significant interest due to promise of overcoming the problem of aperture jitter and improving ADC performance level by orders of magnitude. This work examines several critical factors which define the accuracy of an optically-sampled wavelength-demultiplexed ADC built on a silicon chip using silicon photonic technology. These factors are the optical power-dependent shot noise, optical power-dependent nonlinearities due to two-photon and free-carrier absorption in silicon, and nonlinear transfer function of a silicon modulator. Ways to reduce the impact of these factors on ADC accuracy are considered.

14:40        Break

15:00         SPC.6 RIGOROUS APPROACH TO ANALYSIS OF 2-D ELECTROSTATIC-FIELD PROBLEMS FOR MULTI-CONDUCTOR SYSTEMS

G. Safonova, E. Vynogradova, Macquarie University, Australia

The two-dimensional body potential problem is rigorously solved with emphasis on electrostatics. By the Method of Analytical Regularization, the solution is obtained from coupled second kind infinite systems of linear algebraic equations that are effectively solved numerically by a truncation method. A combination of the fast convergence with fast and accurate computation of the matrix elements makes the computational routine extremely efficient: in most cases the computational time measures a few seconds. As an example, the developed algorithm is applied to a calculation of the capacitance matrix for N arbitrary profiled charged cylinders surrounded by a grounded cylindrical shield.

15:20         SPC.7 MODEL ORDER REDUCTION METHODS FOR MULTIVARIATE PARAMETERIZED DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS

K. Stavrakakis1, T. Wittig2, W. Ackermann1, T. Weiland11Technische Universität Darmstadt, Germany; 2Computer Simulation Technology AG, Germany

Electrodynamic field simulations in the frequency domain typically require the solution of large dynamical systems. Model order reduction (MOR) techniques offer a fast approach to approximate the system impedance with respect to the frequency parameter. During the design process, it is desirable to vary specified parameters like the frequency, geometry details or material parameters, giving rise to multivariate dynamical systems. In this work, multivariate MOR methods are presented for multivariate parameterized systems based on the finite integration technique. The methods are applied to numerical examples with both geometrical and material variations.

15:40         SPC.8 A UNIFIED MICROWAVE RADIATIVE TRANSFER MODEL WITH JACOBIAN FOR GENERAL PLANAR STRATIFIED MEDIA

M. Tian, A. J. Gasiewski, University of Colorado at Boulder, USA

A unified microwave radiative transfer (UMRT) model is presented for computing the thermal radiation from geophysical media comprised of planar multilayer spherical scatterers of arbitrary electrical size and density. UMRT employs discrete ordinate-eigenanalysis to solve the vector radiative transfer equation. Importantly, UMRT inherits the symmetrization, analytical diagonalization, and factorization techniques from the discrete ordinate tangent linear radiative transfer (DOTLRT) model devised by Voronovich et al., to ensure accuracy, numerical stability, and computational efficiency, along with Jacobian capability. However UMRT extends the applicability of DOTLRT by including the dense media radiative transfer theory and linear temperature profiles within slabs.

16:00         SPC.9 A COMPRESSED SENSING APPROACH TO OBSERVING DISTRIBUTED RADAR TARGETS

R. Volz, S. Close, Stanford University, USA

Compressed sensing, a method which relies on sparsity to reconstruct signals with relatively few measurements, has the potential to greatly improve observation of distributed radar targets. We extend the theoretical work of others by investigating the practical problems of implementing this approach for distributed targets, first examining a discrete linear radar model suitable for compressed sensing and then discussing an example of this technique used on existing data. Potential benefits include higher possible range resolution, complete filtering of noise without sidelobes or artifacts, and the ability to identify different Doppler shifts within the same range window of a single pulse.

16:20         SPC.10 ANTENNA DESIGN AND CHANNEL MEASUREMENTS FOR ON-BODY COMMUNICATIONS AT 60 GHZ

X. Y. Wu, Y. Nechayev, P. S. Hall, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom

On-body communication is of increasing interest for a number of applications, such as medical-sensor networks, emergency-service workers, and personal communications. This paper reviews 60 GHz on-body communication and its benefits and challenges. Two novel low profile high gain, end-fire wearable antennas are then described. Measurements with an experimental phantom and real human body are presented. Results show antennas achieve good performance close to a phantom. Shadowing effects and polarisation issues for on-body communications at 60 GHz are discussed.

16:40          End of the Session

 

 

ABD – Low Noise Microwave Generation

Session Chair: Michael Tobar

Session     ABD

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Monday, August 15, 08:00-10:40

Room        Dolmabahçe C

08:00         ABD.1  LOW PHASE NOISE MICROWAVE GENERATION WITH FIBER-BASED FEMTOSECOND LASERS

W. Zhang, T. Li, A. Haboucha, M. Lours, G. Santarelli, Y. Lecoq, LNE-SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, Paris, France;  A. Luiten, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia;  R. Holzwarth, Menlo Systems GmbH, Martinsried, Germany  

When a femtosecond laser is servoed onto an ultra-stable cw laser, its repetition rate acquire an extreme spectral purity. By photodetecting the pulses, we are able to generate ultra-low phase noise microwave signals and use it for cutting edge metrology experiments. We present our past and present work to generate microwave signal with very low degradation from the limit imposed by the reference oscillator, using a highly reliable fiber-based system. The latest developments involve employing an intra-cavity electro-optic modulator, reduced relative intensity noise of the laser, and studies of the photodetector amplitude to-phase conversion.

08:20         ABD.2  CRYOGENIC SAPPHIRE MICROWAVE OSCILLATORS FOR SPACE, METROLOGY AND SCIENTIFIC APPLICATIONS

V. Giordano, S. Grop, P.-Y. Bourgeois, Y. Kersal, E. Rubiola, M. Mrad, Institut FEMTO-ST, Besancon, France;  C. Langham, M. Oxborrow, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK;  W. Schfer, TimeTech GmbH, Stuttgart, Germany  

We recently demonstrated a Cryogenic Sapphire Oscillator presenting a relative short term frequency stability better than 3e-15 for 1 s < t < 1000 s and achieving 4.5e-15 for one day integration. This CSO incorporates a pulse-tube cooler instead of a bath cryostat thus eliminating the need for regular supplies and manual transferring of liquid helium. The advent of reliable and cryocooled CSO open the possibility to implement such an ultra-stable reference not only in metrological laboratories with liquid helium facilities but also in remote sites like base stations for space navigation, VBLI antenna sites, ...

08:40         ABD.3  CHARACTERIZATION OF TIMING JITTER IN ULTRAFAST FIBER AND TI:S LASERS AND SUPERCONTINUUM

J. A. Cox, A. J. Benedick, F. X. Kaertner, MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States

The timing jitter of erbium doped, fiber optic and Titanium:Sapphire lasers, both passively mode-locked ultrafast lasers at 80 MHz, is measured with unprecedented resolution and bandwidth. Using the balanced optical cross-correlator timing detector, we found a total integrated timing jitter of 2.2 fs rms [100 Hz, 1 MHz] for the fiber supercontinuum and only 55 as rms [100 Hz, 10 MHz] jitter for the Ti:S laser. This measurement of fiber laser jitter is an absolute measurement, since the jitter of the fiber laser was measured against the Ti:S laser, which is negligible.

09:00         ABD.4  OPTICAL FREQUENCY COMBS FOR LOW PHASE NOISE MICROWAVE GENERATION

F. Quinlan, T. M. Fortier, M. S. Kirchner, J. A. Taylor, J. C. Bergquist, T. Rosenband, N. Lemke, A. Ludlow, Y. Jiang, C. W. Oates, S. A. Diddams, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, United States

An optical frequency comb locked to a stable optical reference can serve as a source for microwave signals having very low close-to-carrier phase noise. This has recently been confirmed by comparing two independent systems, yielding an absolute phase noise of -104 dBc/Hz at 1 Hz offset from a 10 GHz carrier. The corresponding timing jitter is 760 attoseconds, integrated from 1 Hz to 1 MHz. Here we describe the system architecture, as well as technical and fundamental noise limitations.

09:20          Tea/Coffee Break

09:40         ABD.5  PRECISION NOISE MEASUREMENTS AND OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY STABILIZATION

E. N. Ivanov, M. E. Tobar, The University of Western Australia, Perth,WA, Australia

This paper summarizes recent advances in two closely related research fields: precision noise measurements and generation of low-phase noise microwave signals. The progress achieved in those fields over the past decade was largely associated with the applications of microwave circuit interferometry, which is a powerful noise measurement technique born out of the quest to detect gravitational waves in the beginning of 90s.

10:00         ABD.6  AN S/C-BAND SIGE HBT DIFFERENTIAL VCO USING A NOVEL HPF-TYPE RESONATOR COMPRISED OF THE CHIP INDUCTORS FOR A HIGHER OSCILLATION FREQUENCY

Y. Itoh, Y. Tashiro, Shonan Institute Of Technology, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan

An S/C-band SiGe HBT differential VCO has been developed for the next generation wireless radios. It employs a novel HPF-type resonator having a parallel LC circuit for higher frequency oscillation. The novel HPF-type resonator can be easily constructed from only the chip inductors by using their parasitic capacitance. The differential VCO has achieved an oscillation from 3.36 to 4.03GHz, a phase noise of less than -100dBc/Hz at 100kHz offset for VCC=3V and IC=2.93mA. This is the first report on the differential VCO using only chip inductors as a resonator element.

10:20         ABD.7  ON THE QUALITY FACTOR OF A LOW-LOSS PARALLEL-PLATE RESONATOR BASED ON COMPLEMENTARY METAMATERIALS

D. Sjoberg, M. Gustafsson, Lund University, Lund, Sweden

Several proposals have been made during the last ten years on size-independent resonators by using metamaterials for phase compensation. In this paper, we present an estimate of the quality factor of a simple parallel-plate resonator, based on realistic assumptions such as linear, passive, causal, time-translational invariant metamaterials, and lossy walls. It is found that the quality factor of the resonator depends on whether the losses of the material or the metal walls are dominating: in the former case, there is no size dependence, in the latter case, the size dependence is similar to a vacuum-filled resonator.

10:40          End of the Session

B01 – Electromagnetic Theory

Session Chairs: Mats Gustafsson, Gerhard Kristensson

Session     B01

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Monday, August 15, 08:00-09:20

Room        Anadolu Auditorium

08:00         B01.1  SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF THE AIRY PULSED BEAM

Y. Kaganovsky, E. Heyman, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel

The Airy beam (AiB) has attracted a lot of attention recently because of its intriguing features such as propagation along curved trajectories in free-space and the weak diffraction. Here we derive the ultra wide band Airy pulsed beam (AiPB) which is the extension of the AiB into the time domain. We introduce a frequency scaling that renders the ray skeleton of the field frequency independent, thus insuring that the resulting AiPB is non-dispersive and preserves the intriguing features of the time-harmonic AiB. An exact closed form solution is derived using the spectral theory of transients (STT).

08:20         B01.2  DOES EVANESCENT GAIN EXIST?

J. O. Grepstad1,2, J. Skaar1,2;  1Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; 2University Graduate Center, Kjeller, Norway

We have investigated the situation where light incident from a passive high-refractive-index medium is totally reflected off an infinite half space with gain. The question of whether or not evanescent gain can prevail in this case, has been at issue for 40 years. We argue that the controversy can be resolved for week gain media using the Laplace transform, combined with a detailed analysis of analytic and global properties of the permittivity function of the active medium.

08:40         B01.3  NEW TYPE OF GYROTROPY IN GRAPHENE - COMPARISON WITH GYROTROPY IN PLASMAS

D. L. Sounas, C. Caloz, Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal, Montreal, Canada

The gyrotropic properties of magnetically biased graphene are compared to these of magnetically biased plasmas. Graphene exhibits a significant polarization rotation phenomenon at frequencies below the cyclotron resonance, where plasmas do not provide any polarization rotation. At frequencies above the cyclotron resonance the behavior of graphene is similar to this of plasmas. Graphene allows the control of its gyrotropic properties via a static electric field, while keeping the bias magnetic field constant, in contrast to plasmas where the variation of the bias magnetic field is required.

09:00         B01.4  THE CLASS OF DECOMPOSABLE MEDIA IN FOUR-DIMENSIONAL REPRESENTATION

I. V. Lindell, Aalto University, School of Electrical Engineering, Espoo, Finland;  L. Bergamin, KP&B GmbH, Bern, Switzerland;  A. Favaro, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom  

TE/TM decomposition of electromagnetic fields in uniaxial anisotropic media is generalized applying four-dimensional differential-form formalism by requiring orthogonality between the field two-form and two given bivectors. Conditions are derived for the electromagnetic medium allowing the decomposition and found to define three subclasses of media. The medium dyadics of two of the subclasses satisfy equations of the second order while that defining the third subclass satisfies an equation of the first order. Dispersion equations for plane waves are derived and the corresponding eigenpolarizations are found for all three subclasses.

09:20          End of the Session

C01 – Frequency Converters and Mixers

Session Chair: Kenji Itoh

Session     C01

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Monday, August 15, 08:00-10:20

Room        Dolmabahçe A

08:00         C01.1  KA BAND DIRECT MODULATION USING SUB HARMONIC MIXER FOR SATELLITE APPLICATION

S. Gupta, B. Batra, N. Kumar, DAIICT, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India

In this paper, a KaBand direct modulator using subHarmonic mixer is designed and analysed. KaBand direct modulator comprises of WilkinsonPowerDivider, LangeCoupler, SubHarmonic mixer using APDP and Microstrip filters. A subharmonic mixer operates at half the LO frequency eliminating the need for frequency doublers, a filter and an amplifier at LO circuit. It provides better conversion loss and rejects odd harmonic mixing products. Coupled line topology was selected to get sharp cut off in minimum length of the circuit and for its compactness. Here QPSK technique used two BPSK modulator systems to get various advantages related with data rate and bandwidth.

08:20         C01.2  SERIES SWITCHED RESONATOR BASED DUAL-BAND OSCILLATOR

V. Sharma, R. Yadav, N. P. Pathak, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India

Multi-band oscillator plays a crucial role in modern multi-band wireless radios. The concept of series switched resonator is introduced as a means to achieve multi-band operation in an oscillator. Using the concept, a prototype dual-band oscillator was implemented using single transistor. Switching between two desired frequencies was achieved using a semiconductor diode. The measured characteristics exhibited adequate phase noise performance while providing constant power output for both the design frequencies.

08:40         C01.3  POLE-MOVEMENT IN OSCILLATORS AND ENERGY BALANCE PRINCIPLE

S. Pal1, S. Chatterjee2, B. Biswas1;  1Sir J.C. Bose School of Engineering, SKFGI, Chandannagar, West Bengal, India; 2Kanailal Vidyamandir, Chandannagar, West Bengal, India

Pole-movement in oscillators have been reinvestigated from the perspective of oscillator nonlinearity, harmonic distortion and soft-self and hard-self excitation. Quasi-linearization technique and energy balance technique have been used to evaluate the extent of back and forth pole-movement around the imaginary axis of the complex frequency plane with reference to a Wien Bridge Oscillator, 22.20 kHz and 6.0% distortion. Experimental results have been presented in support of theory. A modified Barkhausen Criterion has been proposed for the nonlinear and non-steady situation of an oscillator demonstrating the transient behavior during the growth of oscillation.

09:00         C01.4  NEW OBSERVATIONS ON BIAS CURRENT VARIATION OF OP AMP OSCILLATORS

S. Pal1, S. Chatterjee2, B. Biswas1;  1Sir J.C. Bose School of Engineering, SKFGI, Chandannagore, West Bengal, India; 2Kanailal Vidyamandir, Chandannagore, West Bengal, India

A new phenomenon called Bias Current Hump in an injection locked op amp oscillator. This phenomenon has been used to design a tracking demodulator that does not require a phase locked nor does it require a discriminator for the demodulation of an FM signal.This paper reports the result that shows that there are situations where the bias point dos not remain invariant. It can be varied both in time and frequency in a controlled manner. This has led us to develop a tracking demodulator with extremely low distortion. Experimental results have been presented in support of the theoretical conjecture.

09:20          Tea/Coffee Break

09:40         C01.5  IQ OSCILLATORS: TRACKING AM AND FM DEMODULATORS

B. Biswas1, S. Chatterjee2, S. Pal1;  1Sir J.C. Bose School of Engineering, SKFGI, Chandannagar, West Bengal, India; 2Kanailal Vidyamandir, Chandannagar, West Bengal, India

The behaviour of a quadrature oscillator when subjected to a synchronizing signal has been analysed and experimentally studied in depth. A non linear theory of the quadrature oscillator has been presented It has led to the development of a single shot tracking FM discriminator with excellent interference rejection capability. It can also be used as a phase locked demodulator exploiting tracking capability. The signal recovered from the AM-FM signal has a better signal-to-interference-ratio.

10:00         C01.6  GAIN SENSITIVITIES OF A MICROWAVE AMPLIFIER WITH RESPECT TO THE MICROSTRIP PARAMETERS

S. Demirel, F. Gunes, Yýldýz Technical University, Istanbul, TURKEY

This paper presents a method for the sensitivity analysis of the gain with respect to the width and length of a microstrip line used in any position of the input /or output matching circuit of a microwave amplifier. The method is applied to a low-noise amplifier and the resultant typical sensitivity variations are also given. This work shows which microstrip lines are sensitive with respect width/or length changes, therefore extra care should be taken for them during the practical realization stage.

10:20          End of the Session

D01 – RFID Technology and Applications

Session Chair: Smail Tedjini

Session     D01

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Monday, August 15, 08:00-10:40

Room        Dolmabahçe B

08:00         D01.1  IMPLANTED RFID TAG FOR PASSIVE VASCULAR MONITORING

C. Occhiuzzi, G. Contri, G. Marrocco, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy

Starting from the physical evidence that passive UHF-RFID tags may be used as self-sensing devices to detect the state of the tagged object, this contribution address the monitoring of human vascular system by means of augmented Stents. It is shown through simulations and experimentations how transforming a mechanical implant, used to recover a stenosis, into a sensor and communication device embedding RFID chips for the remote detection of the quality of the vein itself and to prevent restenosis pathology.

08:20         D01.2  COMPARISON OF EXTENDED AND UNSCENTED KALMAN FILTER FOR LOCALIZATION OF PASSIVE UHF RFID LABELS

T. Nick, J. Goetze, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany;  W. John, System Integration Laboratory, Paderborn, Germany;  G. Stoenner, Deutsche Post AG, Darmstadt, Germany  

Due to the increased use of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) in different fields of application it is reasonable to explore the benefit that can be obtained by the simultaneous localization of RFID tags. This paper describes the localization of a passive UHF RFID tag via Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) using the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) values. Simulation results based on measurements show that UKF achieves higher localization accuracies than EKF. When using four antennae for the localization the error of UKF is about 28cm and 75cm for EKF.

08:40         D01.3  SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS FOR WIRELESS DIELECTRIC REFLECTOMETRY WITH MODULATED SCATTERERS

J.-C. Bolomey, Paris Sud University, Gif-sur-Yvette, France;  S. Capdevila, L. Jofre, UPC Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain;  S. Tedjini, Grenoble-INP, Valence, France  

Modulated scatterer systems are increasingly considered for remore sensing applications. This paper is focused on cases where the sensing mechanism is expected to result from the change of the probe impedance with the surrounding refractive index. An analytical-based approach allows to obtain the modulated probe response sensitivity to the refractive index. Inspired from RCS-based antenna impedance measurement techniques, the ternary modulation scheme is shown to remove specific difficulties inherent to wireless reflectometry, such as misalignment between the probe and reader antennas. Center-loaded dipoles and meander-line antennas are considered as test cases.

09:00         D01.4  INDOOR LOCALISATION FOR COMPLEX BUILDING DESIGNS USING PASSIVE RFID TECHNOLOGY

F. M. Khan, K. Menzel, National University of Ireland, University College Cork (UCC), Cork, Ireland

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a technology that has proved its importance over the years with ever increasing research and advancements in place. Applications of RFID are exploited in many different industries ranging from Supply Chain and Retail to applications in Medicine and Military. This paper presents an algorithmic technique for indoor localization using Passive RFID Technology. A mathematical explanation of the algorithm is explained with simulated results of positioning accuracy. Hardware design and implementation methodology is discussed afterwards. The application usage of this technique can be in areas of medicine and the retail sector.

09:20          Tea/Coffee Break

09:40         D01.5  PAPER-BASED, INKJET-PRINTED, TEXT-MEANDERED UHF RESONANT ANTENNAS FOR RFID APPLICATIONS

M. Marroncelli, D. Trinchero, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy;  M. Tentzeris, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA  

In this paper different antennas manufacturing and designing techniques are combined with the aim of building useful radiators resonating in the UHF band. The meander lines techniques is exploited in this work with the exception of letters as meander elements. The technologically advanced and already well established silver inkjet printing technique is used for antenna realization. An unusual paper-based substrate is chosen, according with the concepts to lower costs, simplify fabrication procedures and advance usability, towards the realization of antenna for RFID applications. All design phases are discussed and a complete test of the proposed antennas is performed.

10:00         D01.6  METALLIC LETTER IDENTIFICATION BASED ON RADAR APPROACH

A. Vena, T. Singh, S. Tedjini, E. Perret, Grenoble-Inp LCIS, Valence, France

A new concept of letter identification by use of RF wave is presented in this paper. Since letters have various shapes, their Electromagnetic signature can be identified independently. To measure the electromagnetic signature of each letter, a wideband measurement set-up has been used with a frequency span until 10 GHz. It is based on a bi-static radar system with a pulse generator as source, compatible with UWB regulations, and a real time sampling oscilloscope as receiver. The greatest interest of using metallic letters is based on combining the visual identification, with the remote Electro Magnetic identification.

10:20         D01.7  A NOVEL XTEA BASED AUTHENTICATION PROTOCOL FOR RFID SYSTEMS

G. N. Khan, F. Yuan, J. Yu, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada

RFID technology has been widely used in logistic, automation and authentication applications. It still has many potential issues of privacy and security. We present a novel XTEA encryption based authentication protocol. Analysis of its security and privacy is performed using FPGA based prototyping. Different attack models are implemented, and the results show that the protocol is robust and safe against major attacks. The protocol is analyzed and compared with other two similar protocols, Analysis of its performance as compared to related works show its advantages in code size, clock cycle, communication cost and scalability.

10:40          End of the Session

E01 – EMC Interactions in Complex Systems

Session Chairs: Flavio Canavero, Christopher Holloway

Session     E01

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Monday, August 15, 08:00-10:40

Room        Galata

08:00         E01.1  DEALING WITH COMPLEXITY IN EMC MODELLING

C. Christopoulos, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom

The paper addresses features of EMC making it a challenging modeling application. These include the very broadband nature of the interactions encompassing regions of non-linearity and uncertain parameter values; the inherent uncertainties in geometrical configurations and dimensions of the multitude of components; and the ubiquitous presence of multi-scale features. The challenge is to address complexity without resorting to extremely lengthy computations which require enormous computational resources and tedious, time consuming problem definition and input data preparation. The emphasis of this paper is on the embedding of macromodels to describe complex materials and the treatment of uncertainties.

08:20         E01.2  MODELING COMPLEX SYSTEMS FOR EMC APPLICATIONS BY CONSIDERING UNCERTAINTIES

F. Paladian, P. Bonnet, S. Lallechere, 1Clermont University, Blaise Pascal University, LASMEA, Aubire, France

The objective of this work is to present a new approach to the random modeling of complex systems in ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC). This contribution aims to compute high orders statistics and study the impact of parameter uncertainties on various EMC topics including transmission lines, radiation and immunity problems. The agreement between results from the Stochastic Collocation (SC) method and Monte-Carlo (MC) simulations guarantee the SC accuracy and robustness. The combination of SC with computations from analytical and tridimensional numerical models (Finite Difference in Time Domain) underlines its advantages (efficiency, non-intrusive integration).

08:40         E01.3  ON THE USE OF THE MONTE CARLO METHOD FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD SIMULATION

A. Kreth, O. Doering, E. Genender, H. Garbe, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Hannover, Germany

The knowledge of electromagnetic interferences plays a significant role in todays research and development. However, the actual realization of large systems may vary or even be unknown. Hence, the electromagnetic field of the system has to be estimated statistically. Therefore this work describes how a statistical field simulation of the electromagnetic field of the system can be accomplished by modeling the system with subsystems and varying the parameters of these subsystems.

09:00         E01.4  STATISTICAL ESTIMATION OF ANTENNA GAIN FROM MEASUREMENTS CARRIED OUT IN A MODE-STIRRED REVERBERATION CHAMBER

C. Lemoine, E. Amador, P. Besnier, J. Sol, J.-M. Floc'h, IETR / INSA de Rennes, Rennes, France;  A. Laisne, DGA - TA, Balma, France  

This paper proposes for the first time a method for estimating the gain of an antenna in a mode-stirred reverberation chamber. The method is based on the estimation of the Ricean K-factor which provides the relative transmitting power level of the line-of-sight path. Experimental results are compared with anechoic chamber measurements using a set of different antennas.

09:20          Tea/Coffee Break

09:40         E01.5  MEASUREMENT OF SHIELDING EFFECTIVENESS OF ELECTRICALLY SMALL ENCLOSURES

C. L. Holloway, C. Dunlap, J. Ladbury, J. Gordon, J. Coder, G. Koepke, NIST, Boulder, Co, United States

In the following we propose a technique for determining the shielding effectiveness of an electrically small enclosure with an electrically small aperture. In particular, we use this technique to explore the shielding characteristics of a rectangular box used to shield devices. Measurement and simulation results are presented in order to validate the technique and to show that, when a source is placed inside the box, different aperture shapes on the face of the enclosure will produce different internal and external field patterns, and have different shielding characteristics.

10:00         E01.6  NUMERICAL ELECTROMAGNETIC MODELING OF CHEMICAL PLANTS FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF RADIO FREQUENCY IGNITION HAZARDS

G. Spadacini, S. A. Pignari, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy

In this work, electromagnetic simulation of electrically-large chemical plants is used to investigate RF ignition hazards. The proposed analysis is aimed at refining results and procedures detailed in the European Standard CLC/TR 50427, which foresees the use of elemental antennas (loops and half-wave dipoles) for the estimation, via closed-form approximated formulas, of the RF power induced by an impinging electromagnetic field.

10:20         E01.7  MODELING OF THE ELECTROMAGNETIC COUPLING TO ELECTRO-EXPLOSIVE DEVICES

N. Mora, F. Rachidi, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology - EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland;  N. Pena, National University of Colombia, Bogota, Colombia;  F. Roman, Los Andes University, Bogota, Colombia  

In this work, we present a general methodology for modeling the coupling of electromagnetic fields with electro-explosive devices (EEDs). We discuss the assumptions and the necessary conditions to achieve the maximization of electromagnetic response of a canonical EED. The product of the EED (E being the electric field and the duration) is presented as a means for determining the electromagnetic environment that could lead to its activation from an external impinging electromagnetic field.

10:40          End of the Session

F01 – State-of-the-Art Developments in Propagation and Remote sensing

Session Chairs: Madhu Chandra, Roger Lang

Session     F01

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Monday, August 15, 08:00-10:40

Room        Haliç

08:00         F01.1  RADIOMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING OF THE ENVIRONMENT

R. H. Lang, George Washington Uniiversity, Washington, Dc, United States

Three new L band passive satellite missions to measure sea surface salinity and soil moisture are reviewed. The first is the ESA Soil Moisture Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite. It features the first spaceborne synthetic aperture antenna with enhanced resolution and multiple incident angle looks. The second is the NASA Aquarius mission to sense sea surface salinity with a 0.2psu accuracy and an on-board radar to correct for surface roughnesss. The last is NASAs Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission to measure soil moisture with a 6m mesh antenna for increased resolution and a radar to enhance its performance.

08:20         F01.2  RF ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS IN A RURAL ENVIRONMENT

H. Sizun, URSI-France, Lannion, France;  P. Maliet, Pleumeur Bodou Radio Observation Association, Pleumeur Bodou, France  

Radioelectrical power measurements taken in the 20 MHz - 3 GHz frequency band in a typical rural environment are presented. They show that the spectrum is very clean outside frequency band allocated to land, aeronautical and maritime radiocommunication and more particularly in frequency bands allocated to radio-astronomy, spatial research, remote sensing, radio navigation. They show that the site environment does not suffer from strong electromagnetic fields able to create non linearity in the relevant frequency band. Calculated to the antenna level, electric fields are weak compared to standard limit values legal in France and in the European Union.

08:40         F01.3  JOINT ANALYSIS OF RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE FROM SMOS MEASUREMENTS AND FROM AIRBORNE OBSERVATIONS

M. Aksoy, J. Park, J. T. Johnson, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States

The Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission has been providing L-band brigthness temperatures since November 2009. However, SMOS has been affected by significant levels of radio frequency interference. Since SMOS has a single frequency channel and low time resolution, RFI mitigation is a challenging problem especially for low level RFI. In this paper, possible RFI detection strategies using SMOS full polarimetric data are discussed by utilizing an airborne campaign called SMAPVEX08. The results suggest that polarimetry can be used as an indication of some RFI sources although it may not reflect RFI characteristics in general.

09:00         F01.4  CHARACTERIZATION OF RADAR TARGETS BASED ON ULTRA WIDEBAND POLARIMETRIC TRANSIENT SIGNATURES

H.-S. Lui, M. Persson, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden

Resonance based target recognition has been well studied for the last three decades. The purely target dependent natural resonant frequencies are used as a feature set for target classification. Such technique may fail if the targets of interest have similar or almost the same resonant frequencies. In this paper, the idea of using the polarimetric features at the resonant frequencies is investigated and demonstrated via numerical examples.

09:20          Tea/Coffee Break

09:40         F01.5  GLOBAL MAPPING OF RAINFALL FROM TRMM RADAR LINKING GROUND BASED RADARS AND IN-SITU OBSERVATIONS

V. Chandrasekar1,2, A. Alquda3;  1Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States; 2Finnish Meteorological Institute, Finland, Finland; 3Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan

Tropical Rainfall measuring Mission Precipitation Radar is known to be the first spaceborne observation platform for mapping precipitation over the tropics. TRMM measured rainfall is important in order to study the precipitation distribution. Ground validation is a critical important component in TRMM system. However, the ground sensing systems have different sampling and observation characteristics from TRMM. In this paper a novel hybrid Neural Network model is presented to train ground radars for rainfall estimation using rain gauge data and subsequently using the trained ground radar rainfall estimation to train TRMM PR based Neural networks, to create Global maps of precipitation.

10:00         F01.6  COMPACT SUB MILLIMETER WAVELENGTH HETERODYNE RADIOMETER FOR ARRAYS

J. Treuttel, A. Maestrini, Observatory of Paris, Paris, France;  B. Alderman, H. Wang, H. Sanghera, D. Matheson, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK;  P. DeMaagt, European Space Agency, Noordwijk, Netherland  

We present a very compact frontend radiometer at 300-360 GHz, which requires a local oscillator power at 60 GHz. A single receiver element is developed to fit n x m element 2D focal plane array, where n and m > 2. This element array is packaged in a block with a cuboid outline. The attractiveness of this configuration is that the input/output of the receiver are contained within the footprint of the antenna, therefore a full two-dimensional array is possible.

10:20         F01.7  REFLECTION ON CURVED SURFACES IN A 2.5D RAY-TRACING METHOD FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES EXPOSURE PREDICTION IN URBAN AREAS

N. Noe, CSTB, Nantes, France;  F. Gaudaire, CSTB, Grenoble, France  

Asymptotic methods are commonly used to predict exposure to electromagnetic waves in large environments such as urban areas. Specifically 2D beam-tracing is a very efficient solution in case of GIS 2.5D environments. Nevertheless taking into account reflection on curved vertical walls or curved ground in such methods is not straightforward. Indeed curved surfaces are mostly described as meshes and lead to artificial shadowing and inaccurate electric field estimation. We explain here how to avoid such problems without modifying existing geometry by using normal interpolation in a generalized beam-tracing technique, and present results for some real cases.

10:40          End of the Session

G01 – Open Session and Latest Results I

Session Chairs: Paul Cannon, Michael Rietveld

Session     G01

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Monday, August 15, 08:00-10:40

Room        Topkapi A

08:00         G01.1  HOW IS THE IONOSPHERE DRIVEN BY THE MAGNETOSPHERE?

P. Song1, V. M. Vasyliunas1,2;  1University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, United States; 2Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany

In the ionospheric community, the electric field is often considered the driver of the ionospheric motion. We demonstrates from theoretical points of view that the electric field cannot be the driver of the motion. Instead, the electric field is a result, not the cause, of the motion. The causal relationship can be clearly understood in particular in dynamic processes and in heating processes. We call for a review and correction of the misused concept of electric field being a driver of motion and in particular the incorrect concept of penetration electric field.

08:20         G01.2  MULTI-INSTRUMENT OBSERVATIONS OF AN MSTID OVER ARECIBO OBSERVATORY

J. H. Klenzing, I. Seker, R. F. Pfaff, D. E. Rowland, S. F. Fung, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States;  J. D. Mathews, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States  

The Penn State All-Sky Imager (PSASI) at Arecibo Observatory provides planar horizontal context to the vertical ionospheric profiles obtained by the Incoherent Scatter Radar (ISR). Electric field measurements from the Communication/Navigation Outage Forecast System (C/NOFS) satellite are mapped down geomagnetic field lines to the height of the airglow layer, allowing multi-instrument studies of field-aligned irregularities with radar, imager, and satellite. A Medium-Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbance (MSTID) was observed during such a conjunction near the December solstice of 2009.

08:40         G01.3  EQUATORIAL COUNTER ELECTROJETS:- AN INVESTIGATION USING THE GROUND BASED OPTICAL AND RADIO PROBING TECHNIQUES.

V. Chandrasekharan Nair, T. K. Pant, K. K. Kumar, Space Physics Laboratory, Trivandrum, Kerala, India

This study presents the behavior of daytime zonal wind and OH temperature at upper mesospheric altitudes during afternoon Equatorial Counter Electrojet (CEJ) events over a dip equatorial station, Trivandrum (8.5oN, 76.5oE, 0.5oN dip lat.) in India. The measurements were carried out using a unique Multiwavelength Dayglow Photometer (MWDPM), Meteor Wind Radar and Proton Precession Magnetometers. It is observed that during the CEJ events: (i) zonal wind at 98 km exhibits an eastward acceleration and (ii) the mesopause undergoes a cooling, which in turn is proportional to the strength of CEJ. The paper discusses these results in detail.

09:00         G01.4  LONG-DISTANCE PROPAGATION EFFECTS IN THE HF SIGNALS FROM DIFFERENT HEATING FACILITIES OBSERVED WITH USING PASSIVE DOPPLER SOUNDING EQUIPMENT AT IRKUTSK

O. I. Berngardt1, V. G. Abramov1, N. F. Blagoveschenskaya2, V. L. Frolov3, V. I. Kurkin1, S. N. Ponomarchuk1;  1Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics SB RAS, Irkutsk, Russian Federation; 2Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, St.Petersburg, Russian Federation; 3Radiophysical Research Institute (NIRFI), N.Novgorod, Russian Federation

We present the first observation results of long-distance propagation effects of short radio waves at pump frequency, observed by passive Doppler sounding equipment at Irkutsk during heating facilities operation. We demonstrate two effects: dependence of the received signal amplitude on the propagation path during power-stepping mode and difference between experimental observations and propagation expectations according to our model.

09:20          Tea/Coffee Break

09:40         G01.5  VARIATIONAL METHODS IN IONOSPHERIC RAY TRACING

C. J. Coleman, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia

Ray tracing is an important tool in the study of radio wave propagation. In particular, numerical solutions to the Haselgrove ray equations have proven to be one of the most useful techniques for ray tracing in the ionosphere. Haselgrove equations are differential equations that are derived from Fermats principle which also provides a variational equation for ray tracing. The present paper will discuss the problems of directly solving Fermats principle and describe some recent work that has led to a successful variational approach to ionospheric ray tracing with magneto-ionic effects included.

10:00         G01.6  USE OF A DRM MODULATION TO STUDY THE IONOSPHERE

H. Sizun, URSI-France, Lannion, France;  P. Maliet, Pleumeur Bodou Radio Observation Association, Pleumeur Bodou, France  

The aim of this article is to introduce a technology of investigation of the ionosphere based on reception of a numerical broadcasting fixed link at 6.085 MHz using the DRM (Digital Radio Mondiale) modulation properties as an opportunistic ionospheric sounder. The analysis used tools are Dream and SpectrumLab software. Observations are accomplished at the same time in narrow band (2Hz) and in wide band (10 kHz). They are presented by dopplergram. Different ionospheric characteristic events are observed in narrow band (typical figures, scattering, absorption, gravity waves) and in large band (selective fading, scattering, absorption). Different typical examples are presented.

10:20         G01.7  THE EFFECT OF IONOSPHERIC SCINTILLATION ON PHASE GRADIENT AUTOFOCUS PROCESSING OF SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR

D. L. Knepp, NorthWest Research Associates, Monterey CA, United States;  G. M. Keith, Air Force Research Laboratory, Boston MA, United States  

This paper considers the effects of scintillation (variations in amplitude and phase) on a narrow band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) that utilizes the phase-gradient autofocus (PGA) method that attempts to compensate for the effects of phase errors across the synthetic aperture. The multiple phase screen (MPS) technique is used to model the effects of amplitude and phase scintillation for a spotlight-mode SAR operating in the equatorial region. Examples are presented of the performance of SAR/PGA for values of the decorrelation distance and scintillation index that represent natural ionospheric scintillation at UHF.

10:40          End of the Session

H01 – Nonlinear Waves and Turbulence in Plasmas

Session Chairs: Meers Oppenheim, Hideyuki Usui, David Shklyar

Session     H01

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Monday, August 15, 08:00-10:40

Room        Topkapi B

08:00         H01.1  SAID-RELATED NONLINEAR WAVE EFFECTS

E. Mishin, Air Force Research Laboratory, Space vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA, United States

We present recent observations from the Cluster spacecraft that have shown that excitation of lower hybrid/fast magnetosonic waves plays the fundamental role in SAID formation. The SAID channel is a turbulent plasmaspheric boundary layer formed via a short circuit of substorm-injected plasma jets. Nonlinear wave-particle interactions provide fast magnetic diffusion at the leading front and define the circuit's anomalous resistivity, similar to the well-documented plasmoid-magnetic barrier problem. Mainly gradient-drift and current-driven instabilities operate near the outer boundary of the SAID channel, while anisotropic ion-driven processes dominate near the inner boundary.

08:20         H01.2  SOLITON MODEL FOR BROADBAND ELECTROSTATIC NOISE

S. Singh, G. S. Lakhina, A. P. Kakad, Indian Institute of Geomagnetism, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India;  J. S. Pickett, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA  

Generation of broadband electrostatic noise (BEN) in the plasma sheet boundary layer (PSBL) by electron-acoustic solitons and double layers is proposed. PSBL is treated as multi-component magnetized plasma consisting of background electrons, counter-streaming electron beams and ions. Theoretical model is based on multi-fluid and Poisson equations and uses Sagdeev pseudo-potential technique. For PSBL plasma parameters, during BEN event observed by Cluster on 22 September 2004, the model predicts solitons/double layer with electric field (0.01-30) mV/m. The proposed model can be good candidate for explaining the generation of BEN in the PSBL.

08:40         H01.3  ELECTRON ACOUSTIC SOLITONS IN THE PRESENCE OF AN ELECTRON BEAM AND SUPERTHERMAL ELECTRONS

S. Devanandhan, S. V. Singh, G. S. Lakhina, Indian Institute of Geomagnetism, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

Existence of arbitrary amplitude electron acoustic solitons is studied in an unmagnetized plasma having cold electrons and ions, superthermal hot electrons and an electron beam. Using Sagdeev pseudo potential method, theoretical analysis is carried out by assuming superthermal hot electrons having kappa distribution. The results show that inclusion of beam alters the minimum value of spectral index and Mach number for which electron-acoustic solitons can exist. For the auroral region parameters, the maximum electric field amplitudes and soliton widths are found in the range ~ (100-400) mV/m and ~ (314-515) m, respectively.

09:00         H01.4  VLF AND HF PLASMA WAVES ASSOCIATED WITH SPREAD-F PLASMA DEPLETIONS OBSERVED ON THE C/NOFS SATELLITE

R. F. Pfaff, H. Freudenreich, P. Schuck, J. Klenzing, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States

The C/NOFS spacecraft frequently encounters structured plasma depletions associated with equatorial spread-F along its trajectory that varies between 401 km perigee and 867 km apogee in the low latitude ionosphere. We report two classes of plasma waves detected with the Vector Electric Field Investigation (VEFI) in the VLF and HF frequency regimes that appear when the plasma frequency is less than the electron gyro frequency, as is common in spread-F depletions where the plasma number density typically decreases below 104/cm3.

09:20          Tea/Coffee Break

09:40         H01.5  3D SIMULATIONS OF FARLEY-BUNEMAN TURBULENCE DEMONSTRATES ANOMALOUS ELECTRON HEATING

M. M. Oppenheim, Y. S. Dimant, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States

Field aligned currents flow from the magnetosphere to the E-region ionosphere where they drive the intense currents of the auroral electrojet. These currents often cause Farley-Buneman (FB) instabilities to develop and become turbulent. The resulting electron density irregularities affect ionospheric conductivity, temperatures, and radio wave propagation. We will discuss 3-D PIC simulations showing intense anomalous electron heating due to turbulence, a phenomena clearly observed by radars. These simulations also show the saturated amplitude of the waves; coupling between modes; the evolution from by shorter to longer wavelengths; and dominant phase velocities at close to the acoustic speed.

10:00         H01.6  NONLINEAR, INTERMITTENT E-REGION IRREGULARITIES: WHAT DO WE REALLY KNOW?

A. M. Hamza, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada

One of the most fundamental challenges of ionospheric physics is to explain why the largest amplitude structures tend to move at phase speeds that do not exceed on average the linear theory threshold? To provide a solution one has to rely on nonlinear theory in order to study the development and evolution of nonlinear ionospheric structures. We propose to study the development and evolution of nonlinear, large-amplitude, intermittent E-region plasma structures. We will set up the analytical model, and compare the predictions of the model to ionospheric E-region experimental observations.

10:20         H01.7  TOWARDS A POSSIBLE RESOLUTION OF THE 150-KM RIDDLE

E. Kudeki, University of Illinois and Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States;  J. L. Chau, R. F. Woodman, Radio Observatorio de Jicamarca, Lima, Peru  

High-resolution incoherent scatter radar Faraday rotation and digital ionosonde data from Jicamarca indicating the presence of km-scale electron density variations in the equatorial upper E-region will be presented and discussed in relation to the generation mechanisms of meter-scale field-aligned density fluctuations known as 150-km irregularities. The km-scale density variations are likely to be a consequence of gravity-wave imposed dynamics of the geomagnetically constrained plasma in the region. This conjecture is supported by the gravity-wave-period oscillations and downward phase progression of intensity variations of meter-scale waves observed in the region.

10:40          End of the Session

J01 – Low Frequency Radio Astronomy I – (LOFAR, LWA, MWA, GMRT, any other)

Session Chairs: Colin Lonsdale, Mike Garrett

Session     J01

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Monday, August 15, 08:00-10:40

Room        Marmara

08:00         J01.1  LONG WAVELENGTH RADIO SCIENCE: INSPIRATIONS FROM ASTRONOMY

R. Subrahmanyan, Raman Research Institute, Bangalore, India

The last decade has been witness to precision cosmology via measurements of the cosmic microwave background. More recently, the window of exploration and discovery in radio astronomy has moved to long wavelengths where solutions to frontier problems in many areas of astrophysics have vital clues. A key science is the detection of trace spatial and spectral signatures in the sky brightness at long wavelengths arising from events at the cosmic dawn that are associated with the formation of first stars and galaxies and their impact on the gas. I review astrophysics that inspires innovation in long wavelength radio science.

08:20         J01.2  CALIBRATION CHALLENGES FOR LOW FREQUENCY RADIO ASTRONOMY

W. D. Cotton, National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, VA, United Statesj

A major challenge for all high resolution low frequency radio astronomy is measuring and removing the effects of the ionosphere. The isoplanatic patch size for frequencies below a few hundred MHz is generally much smaller than the field of view. In addition, aperture arrays have beams on the sky which vary dramatically with observing geometry. These beams require careful calibration to be stable and known in order to allow imaging. Various approaches to these problems will be discussed.

08:40         J01.3  SITE REQUIREMENTS AND CHALLENGES FOR LOW FREQUENCY RADIO OBSERVATIONS

R. P. Millenaar, SPDO, Manchester, United Kingdom

Observing the early universe, in particular detecting the signature of the EOR is an important science target for the SKA and other new radio telescopes. These high redshift observations require excellent performance at low frequencies, as low as 50 MHz. Observations will be carried out in a crowded part of the radio spectrum, even at the very radio-quiet sites that are considered. Propagation of RFI at these frequencies can be highly variable and the influence of the ionosphere on propagation is felt strongly in this frequency range. An overview of issues and challenges is presented.

09:00         J01.4  WIDEBAND LOW FREQUENCY ANTENNAS FOR RADIO ASTRONOMY ARRAYS

A. E. E. Rogers, E. Kratzenberg, B. E. Corey, C. J. Lonsdale, MIT Haystack Observatory, Westford, MA, United States;  C. L. Williams, MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States;  J. D. Bowman, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States  

Antennas in the frequency range 10 to 300 MHz are being designed with all-sky coverage, a low response at the horizon to minimize interference from terrestrial sources, negligible ground loss and a good low noise match to the low noise amplifier. Other features include low cost, dual polarization and good performance over more than an octave bandwidth. Extending the antenna performance over a wider frequency range and accurate calibration are remaining challenges. Modeling of the antenna and its associated low noise amplifier shows promise as a method of improving calibration accuracy.

09:20          Tea/Coffee Break

09:40         J01.5  LOFAR: A POWERFUL AND FLEXIBLE OBSERVATORY FOR PULSARS AND FAST TRANSIENTS

J. W. T. Hessels, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON), Dwingeloo, Netherlands;  B. W. Stappers, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom  

LOFAR is a sparse aperture array radio telescope that can observe from 10-240MHz - i.e. the lowest radio frequencies observable from Earth. Construction of the LOFAR core is all but complete and regular observations of pulsars and other rapidly varying radio sources have begun. With it's huge field-of-view, flexible multi-beaming capabilities, and large collecting area, LOFAR promises to revolutionize observations of transient radio phenomena with durations of nanoseconds to years. Here we highlight a few of the most recent LOFAR pulsar observations, which demonstrate that the system is already producing science-quality data.

10:00         J01.6  THE LOFAR MAGNETISM KEY SCIENCE PROJECT

A. M. M. Scaife1, R. Beck2, G. Heald3, J. M. Anderson2, W. Reich2, A. G. de Bruyn3;  1Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Dublin, Ireland; 2Max Planck Institut fuer Radioastronomie, Bonn, Germany; 3ASTRON, Dwingeloo, Netherlands

The low frequencies observed by the LOFAR telescope make it a unique probe of weak magnetic fields in the Universe. I will describe the LOFAR Magnetism Key Science Project (MKSP) and give an overview of some of the key science drivers which motivate this KSP. I will describe the observational techniques being utilised to recover polarization and magnetism information with LOFAR and show some of the early results from the KSP commissioning.

10:20         J01.7  DETECTING THE EOR WITH LOFAR: STEPS ALONG THE ROAD

A. G. de Bruyn1,2, M. A. Brentjens1, L. V. E. Koopmans2, S. Zaroubi2, P. Lampropoulos1,2, S. B. Yatawatta1,2;  1ASTRON, Dwingeloo, Netherlands; 2Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, Groningen, Netherlands

In December 2010 we started observations with a partially completed LOFAR, to prepare ourselves for the calibration and processing of deep (hundreds of hours) integrations in a number of Galactic halo windows. These observations are aimed at detecting the redshifted 21cm signals from the Epoch of Reionization using the LOFAR HBA antennas (115-190 MHz, z=11.4 6.3). Two fields have been observed for about a dozen nights in the Spring of 2011. The data have been mostly processed on a dedicated EoR-project cluster. Some results and first conclusions from the analysis of these data is presented.

10:40          End of the Session

K01 – Interaction between EMF and Biosystems: Molecular Modeling and Ultra Short Pulses Biological Effects

Session Chairs: Lluis Mir, P. Thomas Vernier

Session     K01

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Monday, August 15, 08:00-10:40

Room        Loft

08:00         K01.1  MODELING ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD EFFECTS IN A BIOCHEMICAL REACTION: UNDERSTANDING REACTIVITY INHIBITION DUE TO THE MAGNETIC FIELD

A. Amadei, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy;  L. Zanetti, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy;  F. Apollonio, M. Liberti, P. Marracino, G. d'Inzeo, University Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy  

In this work we have used MD simulations combined with quantum mechanical calculations to model the spin state relaxation of a common biochemical reaction utilized for an experimental study on magnetic field effects. Data clearly show that a 0.2T static magnetic field strongly inhibits the spin relaxation process avoiding the 1 triplet to singlet state transitions. Such a result sheds light on the atomistic mechanism of the magnetic field effects and opens the way to further investigations possibly leading to a detailed description of the complex biochemical-biophysical processes involved in the interaction between EM-fields and biomolecular systems.

08:20         K01.2  THE ROLE OF WATER NEAR CHARGED INTERFACES: MOLECULAR DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES IN PRESENCE OF HIGH INTENSE ELECTRIC FIELDS

F. Apollonio1, P. Marracino1, V. Di Mattia1, M. Liberti1, A. Amadei2, G. d'Inzeo1;  1University Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy; 2University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy

Because of its central role in basically all aspects of science, water is certainly one of the most extensively investigated substances. Moreover, the characterization of liquids and solutions under the effect of external electric fields is a long standing and challenging field of investigation for both theoretical and experimental approaches. In this work the behavior of water near charged interfaces has been evaluated considering two different cases: an ion in aqueous solution and a macromolecule of DNA. The methodology used is based on atomistic simulations, specifically adapted to account for the presence of exogenous electric fields.

08:40         K01.3  STRUCTURE AND ELECTROPORATION OF LIPID BILAYERS: A MOLECULAR DYNAMICS STUDY

R. Reigada, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain;  M. L. Fernandez, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina  

Pore formation in lipid bilayers subjected to a transverse electric field is studied by means of Molecular Dynamics simulations of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DOPC). The physical characteristics of the lipid membrane are crucial to understand the electroporation conditions. For example, addition of cholesterol (Chol) causes a substantial increment of membrane cohesion that results in an increase of the minimum electric field needed for membrane permeabilization. Instead, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is known to produce an opposite effect on membrane properties by increasing its fluidity and disorder that may open the possibility to facilitate the membrane electroporation process.

09:00         K01.4  NANOSECOND (GIGAHERTZ) AND MICROSECOND (MEGAHERTZ) PULSED ELECTRIC FIELD INTERACTIONS WITH CELL MEMBRANES

P. T. Vernier, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States

High-intensity nanosecond pulsed electric fields permeabilize cell membranes, restructure phospholipid bilayers, cause intracellular calcium release, depolarize mitochondrial membranes, and induce apoptosis. Molecular simulations reveal the mechanism for the electric field-driven reorganization of phospholipid head groups and water molecules that results in the formation of membrane-spanning water bridges and conductive pores. Progress has been made in taking nanosecond electric pulses to the clinic for the treatment of skin cancers and other lesions, but a deeper understanding of the underlying biophysical phenomena will facilitate the application of this technology in cancer therapeutics through non-thermal, minimally scarring tumor ablation.

09:20          Tea/Coffee Break

09:40         K01.5  EXPOSURE OF CELLS IN SUSPENSION USING NANOSECOND DURATION ELECTRIC PULSES - DETECTION OF PERMEABILISATION BY CLONING EFFICIENCY TESTS: RESULTS AND ARTIFACTS.

A. Silve, L. M. Mir, CNRS UMR 8203, Villejuif, France

Intense (several MV/m) nanosecond duration electric pulses can induce damages on cells external membrane which can be detected by direct cell killing or by the uptake of non permeant molecules. We detail here the methodology to carry out those experiments, drawing the attention to exposure artifacts that demonstrate the importance of the implementation of a metrology specific to the ultrashort pulses.

10:00         K01.6  AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF TEMPERATURE CHANGES DURING ELECTROPORATION

P. A. Garcia, R. E. Neal II, M. B. Sano, R. V. Davalos, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States

Electroporation uses short, pulsed electric fields to induce a cellular transmembrane potential that results in increased cellular permeability. When performed irreversibly, it results in cell death while leaving the extracellular matrix and other sensitive structures intact. These electric fields result in thermal effects to the affected tissues due to resistive heating. We measure this heating extent in an ex-vivo canine brain by recording temperature changes in real time. Temperatures were measured at three locations near the electrodes. Thermal damage was evaluated using the Arrhenius equation. This study experimentally shows that typical electroporation protocols result in negligible thermal damage.

10:20         K01.7  ELECTROCHEMOTHERAPY

L. M. Mir, CNRS, Villejuif, France

Electrochemotherapy is a new antitumor strategy based on the delivery of short (100 microseconds) electric pulses and non-permeant anticancer drugs such as bleomycin. The electric pulses, which must cover the whole of the tumor volume, make permeable the cell membrane and allow the unrestricted penetration of the drug. Electrochemotherapy is a safe, very efficient and cost-effective treatment which is spreading in the EU for the treatment of cutaneous and subcutaneous lesions of any histological origin. The bases, indications and present clinical trials, targeting internal and deep-seated tumors, will be reported.

10:40          End of the Session

BT – Passive and Active Metamaterial Constructs and Their Impact on Electrically Small Radiating and Scattering Systems

Session Chair: Karl Langenberg

Session     BT

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Monday, August 15, 09:40-10:40

Room        Anadolu Auditorium

09:40         BT.1  PASSIVE AND ACTIVE METAMATERIAL CONSTRUCTS AND THEIR IMPACT ON ELECTRICALLY SMALL RADIATING AND SCATTERING SYSTEMS

R. W. Ziolkowski, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States

In the last decade, the metamaterials field has enabled numerous exciting electromagnetic advances. Exotic physics properties have led to the engineering of metamaterials and metamaterial-inspired structures for a variety of applications, including the miniaturization of resonators and their use for improving the performance characteristics of electrically small antennas and optical scatterers. Active metamaterial constructs have been introduced to increase the bandwidths at low frequencies and to overcome losses at high frequencies. The theoretical designs of many of these highly subwavelength systems and their simulated performance characteristics have been confirmed experimentally. These concurrences between theory and experiment will be highlighted.

10:40          End of the Session

General Lecture 1

Session Chair: Madhu Chandra

Session     GL1

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Monday, August 15, 11:00-12:00

Room        Anadolu Auditorium

11:00         GL1.1  SMOS: FROM REQUIREMENTS TO RESULTS VIA RADIO SCIENCE

Y. Kerr, CESBIO, Toulouse, France

It is well established that data on soil moisture and sea surface salinity are required to improve meteorological and climatic predictions. These two quantities are not yet available globally or with adequate temporal sampling. It is within this framework that the European Space Agency (ESA) selected the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission as its second Earth Explorer Opportunity Mission. SMOS is a very novel instrument and is based on a passive microwave interferometer (as in radioastronomy) operating at L band (1.4 GHz) Since the 2nd of November, 2009, date of its launch, SMOS observations have provided an unprecedented maximum spatial resolution of 50 km at L-band over land, together with multi-angular fully polarized brightness temperatures over the globe. SMOS has a revisit time of less than 3 days which permits the retrieval of soil moisture and ocean salinity data in accordance to the mission’s science objectives. Now, after the commissioning phase and more than one year of operations, SMOS is entering the phase in which the retrieval algorithms stabilises and new applications can be derived from the SMOS data over land, all leading logically to a better management of water resources. Currently, the main applications tackled are flood monitoring and risks forecasting, drought monitoring and potential forecasting with associated fire risks. Using some specific sites, we are also considering applications in terms of water management (i.e., irrigation monitoring) as well as ways to disaggregate SMOS data into finer scales. However, the SMOS data is hampered by radio-frequency interferences (RFI), and the whole team is working to deal with this issue. During the presentation, an update of the SMOS mission and results will be presented together with new results and a glimpse of those potential applications. We will also depict the RFI issue as well as other similar missions to be launched (Aquarius and SMAP).

12:00          End of the Session

A02 – Fractals - Design and Measurement

Session Chair: William Davis

Session     A02

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Monday, August 15, 13:40-15:40

Room        Dolmabahçe C

13:40         A02.1  HILBERT CURVE FRACTAL ANTENNA FOR WLAN APPLICATION

R. M. Haridas, J. Chandwani, P. Musale, S. V. Khobragade, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technolgogical University Lonere, Raigad, Mangaon, India;  V. R. Anitha, Sree Vidyaniketan College of Engineering Tirupati, Tirupati, India  

In this paper we propose the fractal antenna using Hilbert Curve. The purpose of this paper is to design the Hilbert curve fractal antenna WLAN application at 5GHz frequency. Theoretical performance of this antenna has been calculated and presented in the paper. Simulation results show that the antenna have multiband resonate behavior. The results have shown that this antenna has acceptable performance that is VSWR ≤ 2 and return loss ≤ -10dB. This feature provides antenna designer with more degree of freedom and makes the proposed antenna suitable for use in modern multifunction communication system.

14:00         A02.2  STUDY OF SIERPINSKI CARPET FRACTAL ANTENNA

A. A. Pawar, A. A. Jadhav, J. Bhosale, S. V. Khobragade, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University,Lonere, Maharashtra, India;  V. R. Anitha, Sree Vidyaniketan College of Engineering Tirupati, Tirupati, India  

In the today‟s world of communication, low cost of fabrication and low profile features of microstrip antennas, attract many researchers to investigate the performance of this antenna . Carpet antenna is new member in the antenna family. They have peculiar properties that make them suitable for applications where wideband, multiband and frequency independence are important parameters of the overall performance. Fractal technology allowed us to design miniature antennas and integrate multiple telecommunication services into a single device. The design of carpet antenna with multiple bands for the services viz. WLAN, satellite and Laser communications is studied in this paper.

14:20         A02.3  TRIPLE BAND FRACTAL UWB ANTENNA USING U AND C SLOT FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

S. S. Rudrawar, D. B. Khandgaonkar, J. Bhosale, S. V. Khobragade, Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University,lonere-Raigad, Maharashtra, India;  V. R. Anitha, Sree Vidyaniketan College of Engineering Tirupati, Maharashtra, India  

Fractal UWB antenna with triple band for wireless communication system is designed. U slot is inserted in the original patch to generate second resonant at 5.0 (GHz). Another C-slot is inserted to generate 5.7 (GHz) third band. This system may include various application such as GPS, wireless local-area network (WLAN) and Hiper LAN. Four iterations of fractal wide band antenna are arranged and examined. With this structure the designed antenna has operating frequency of 1.8-GHz,5.0-GHz and 5.7GHz with acceptable bandwidth of 80%,30%,3% and S11<-10dB (VSWR<2).

14:40         A02.4  PROXIMITY-COUPLED NOVEL DESIGN OF FRACTAL TREE ANTENNA MINIATURIZATION

J. S. Bhosale, S. V. Khobragade, V. R. Anitha, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University, Lonere, Maharashtra, India

In this paper, for more antenna miniaturization, we present Novel fractal tree geometry that allows decrease in resonance frequency without occupying more space. For improving inherently narrow bandwidth of Fractal antenna Proximity-coupled feed is implemented. Proposed Fractal Tree antenna is designed for 2.4 GHz, 3.6 GHz. The -10 dB return loss bandwidth could reach about 9.5% for 2.4 GHz band and 31.5% for 3.6 GHz band, which meet required bandwidth specification of 2.4/3.6 GHz WLAN standard. Radiation pattern of fractal antenna is nearly omnidirectional in azimuth plane throughout operating frequency.

15:00         A02.5  STUDY OF SIERPINSKI TRIANGLE GASKET BY USING STRIP FEEDING

A. Lale, B. Khiste, G. Burshe, S. Khobragade, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University,Lonere, Maharashtra, India;  V. R. Anitha, Sree Vidyaniketan College of Engineering Tirupati, Tirupati, India  

A Sierpinski triangle gasket antenna are developed to achieve a suitable bandwidth for wireless communication This triangle gasket, having size of 4.732cm 4.732cm 4.732cm which are an equilateral triangle used low dielectric constant substrates with strip feeds to achieve the required bandwidth. Four such strip feeds iterations are used to achieve bandwidth with return loss<-10dB, VSWR<2 One advantage observed here at low frequencies the triangle gives good radiation pattern The antenna has been designed for operation at WLAN/WiMAX (2.4GHz) and WiMAX (3.5GHz) and also in RADAR for ultra-wide bandwidth applications.

15:20         A02.6  STUDY OF KOCH MONOPOLE FRACTAL ANTENNA

N. Sable, S. D. Gharat, J. Bhosale, S. V. Khobragade, Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University,lonere-Raigad, Maharashtra, India;  V. R. Anitha, Sree Vidyaniketan College of Engineering Tirupati, Tirupati, India  

In this work, the design of Koch monopole fractal antenna to be used in wireless communications at the ISM frequency band is presented. Antenna's shape and dimensions are optimized to achieve area minimization, by applying the properties of fractal shapes at the radiating slots. The property of self-similarity that fractal shapes possess has been successfully applied in other types of antennas with great success. The effects of fractal miniaturization in this type of antennas, mainly regarding the radiation pattern, the antenna efficiency, and applicability of fractal shapes in design of antenna for wireless communication systems are presented herein.

15:40          End of the Session

BD1 – Metamaterial Theory

Session Chairs: Richard Ziolkowski, Nader Engheta, Christophe Caloz

Session     BD1

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Monday, August 15, 13:40-17:20

Room        Anadolu Auditorium

13:40         BD1.1  A GENERAL MACROSCOPIC ANISOTROPIC REPRESENTATION FOR SPATIALLY DISPERSIVE MEDIA

A. D. Yaghjian, 115 Wright Road, Concord, MA 01742, United States;  R. A. Shore, Hanscom AFB, Bedford, MA 01731, United States;  A. Alu, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78705, United States  

It is shown that any spatially and temporally dispersive bianisotropic material, satisfying Maxwell's macroscopic equations for E and H in the Fourier transformed space, can also be represented as an anisotropic material. Thus, for many applications, magnetoelectric constitutive parameters can be avoided at the macroscopic level.

14:00         BD1.2  CONSTRAINTS ON THE TEMPORAL DISPERSION OF PASSIVE METAMATERIALS

M. Gustafsson, D. Sjoberg, Lund University, Lund, Sweden

Metamaterial applications such as cloaking, perfect lenses, and artificial permeability are restricted by the frequency dependence of the permittivity, permeability, and index of refraction. Here, causality and passivity together with integral identities for Herglotz functions are used to construct sum rules. The sum rules relate the frequency dependence of the material parameters with their high- and low-frequency values. The corresponding physical bounds determine the minimum variations of the material parameters over a frequency interval. The results are illustrated with a numerical example for artificial permeability.

14:20         BD1.3  METADISPERSION IN ANISOTROPIC AND BIANISOTROPIC MEDIA

G. M. Sardi, F. Caminita, E. Martini, S. Maci, University of Siena, Siena, Italy

This work presents an innovative method for the characterization of metamaterials dispersion. The attention is focused on structures realized by stacks of planar periodic surfaces. The analysis procedure subdivides the metamaterial into its constituent planes, performing a full wave analysis of the single periodic structures, and uses analytic formulas from Bloch theory to determine the dispersion characteristics of the overall artificial medium. Physical properties of the equivalent admittance matrix modeling the single planar sheets are exploited to analytically describe the dispersion properties of the metamaterial in the whole first Brillouin zone, starting from a limited number of full-wave simulations.

14:40         BD1.4  AN EFFICIENT NUMERICAL APPROACH TO THE ACCURATE ANALYSIS OF PROPAGATION AND RADIATION PHENOMENA IN METAMATERIAL STRUCTURES

G. Valerio1, D. R. Jackson2, D. R. Wilton2, A. Galli1;  1Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; 2University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA

An overview is presented of a novel implementation for the efficient analysis of metamaterial structures embedded in layered media. Based on a suitable mixed-potential integral-equation formulation, ad hoc acceleration procedures for the periodic potentials (expressed through slowly-convergent series when source and observation points lie in the same horizontal plane) have been developed. The approach consists of an asymptotic extraction of homogeneous-medium terms. Numerical results are shown, proving the computational efficiency of this method and validating different types of propagation and radiation features in metamaterial structures. Comparisons are performed with commercial software and data from the literature.

15:00         BD1.5  AN APPROACH TO FINDING THE CORRECT BRANCH FROM THE FOREST OF POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS FOR EXTRACTED EFFECTIVE MATERIAL PARAMETERS

O. Luukkonen1, S. I. Maslovski2, S. A. Tretyakov1;  1Aalto University, Espoo, Finland; 2Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal

In the classical Nicolson-Ross-Weir (NRW) electromagnetic material parameter extraction technique the effective material parameters are obtained through reflection and transmission measurements of a planar material sample. One of the advantages of this technique is that it provides the result over a broad frequency band with just one measurement. This technique, however, does not provide us unambiguous results of the effective permittivity and permeability but the correct solution needs to be found through an additional deduction process. We present a derivative of the NRW extraction technique that can overcome this problem related to the infinitely many solution branches.

15:20         BD1.6  TRANSFORMATION ELECTROMAGNETICS IN ANTENNA ENGINEERING: THEORY AND IMPLEMENTATION

Y. Hao, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom

Current designs of electromagnetic cloaks are largely based on the use of metamaterials and a technique called transformation optics/electromagnetics. Free space cloaks require materials with extreme properties and, hence, they are difficult to implement in practice. However, the theory of transformation optics/electromagnetics offers a useful design tool for antenna engineers, and enables them to develop novel antennas. In this paper, we will review some research activities at Queen Mary, University of London, regarding applications of transformation electromagnetics in the antenna and microwave engineering. Design examples such as flat reflectors, lenses and sub-wavelength antennas will be introduced.

15:40          Tea/Coffee Break

16:00         BD1.7  TRANSMISSION LINE BASED METAMATERIALS FOR ACOUSTIC WAVES

F. Bongard, JAST SA, Antenna Systems, Lausanne, Switzerland;  H. Lissek, J. R. Mosig, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland  

We present our recent work on a one-dimensional acoustic negative refractive index metamaterial based on the concept of dual transmission line extensively investigated in microwave engineering. The proposed structure consists of an acoustic waveguide periodically loaded with membranes realizing the function of series capacitances and transversally connected open channels realizing shunt inductances. It exhibits a negative refractive index band over almost one octave, from 0.6 to 1 kHz. Using formal analogies, we describe how simple acoustic circuit models can be used for efficient design of metamaterials both in terms of dispersion and impedance.

16:20         BD1.8  CHIRALITY AND BIANISOTROPY EFFECTS IN PLASMONIC METASURFACES AND THEIR APPLICATION TO REALIZE ULTRATHIN OPTICAL CIRCULAR POLARIZERS

A. Alu, Y. Zhao, X.-X. Liu, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States

In this paper we develop a rigorous analytical theory relating the effective impedance of plasmonic metasurfaces to a generalized form of polarizability, which compactly describes the electric, magnetic and magneto-electric response of the individual inclusions and the overall array coupling. We apply this theory to the design of plasmonic metasurfaces composed of lithographically printed planar inclusions, showing that their inherent chiral and bianisotropic response may be exploited to produce ultrathin optical circular polarizers. Bianistropic effects, particularly relevant to enhance the response to circularly polarized light, may be maximized in specific incidence planes, as a function of the inclusion symmetries.

16:40         BD1.9  FIELD DISPLACEMENT IN A TRAVELING-WAVE RING RESONATOR META-STRUCTURE

T. Kodera, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan;  D. Sounas, H. V. Nguyen, H. Razavipour, C. Caloz, Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada  

Field displacement is demonstrated for the first-time in a non-molecular scale structure, namely a metastructure composed of rings equipped with an isolator. The structure is explained in terms of rotating magnetic dipole moments and demonstrated to produce typical gyrotropic field displacement.

17:00         BD1.10  FROM ELECTRONICS TO METATRONICS TO GRAPHENE METAMATERIALS

N. Engheta, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States

We discuss the concept of optical metatronics, i.e., metamaterial-inspired optical nanocircuitry, in which the metamaterials and plasmonic optics can bring together three fields of electronics, photonics and magnetics seamlessly under one umbrella--a paradigm which I call the Unified Paradigm of Metatronics. We present an overview of our most recent analytical, numerical and experimental results in developing the optical metatronics. We also show how this concept can be merged into the platform of graphene, leading to the possibility of one-atom-thick infrared metamaterials and transformation optics. Future directions in these topics will also be forecasted.

17:20          End of the Session

C02 – Advanced Architectures of High-Performance Power Amplifiers for Mobile Communications Systems

Session Chairs: Shoichi Narahashi, Nobuyuki Itoh

Session     C02

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Monday, August 15, 13:40-15:40

Room        Dolmabahçe A

13:40         C02.1  A CONCURRENT MULTI-BAND POWER AMPLIFIER WITH COMPACT MATCHING NETWORKS

A. Fukuda, H. Okazaki, S. Narahashi, NTT DOCOMO, Inc., Yokosuka, Japan;  T. Nojima, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan  

This paper presents a novel configuration for a concurrent multi-band power amplifier (PA). A multi-band matching network comprises a multi-section impedance transformer that achieves matching in multiple bands. The proposed impedance transformer provides flexibility in the design of a concurrent multi-band PA in a wide frequency range. The impedance transformer is compact since each section comprises a combination of a T-shaped network, a shunt tank circuit, and a matching element. The proposed 1W-class dual-band PA achieves a maximum power added efficiency of greater than 53% at 0.8 GHz and 3.3 GHz.

14:00         C02.2  BURST MODE OPERATION AS AN EFFICIENCY ENHANCEMENT TECHNIQUE FOR RF POWER AMPLIFIERS

B. M. Francois, E. Kaymaksut, P. Reynaert, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

In this paper, the Burst Mode operation is proposed as an efficiency enhancement technique for RF power amplifiers. It presents an introduction of the burst mode operation and the efficiency of Burst Mode RF power amplifiers is summarily analyzed. The efficiency improvement for a wideband load and a narrow band filter are both illustrated. To demonstrate the validity of the proposed Burst Mode operation, a PCB-mounted Burst Mode PA using a LDMOS transistor has been fabricated. Measurements show a peak efficiency of 78\% and 28.5dBm output power and an efficiency of 49.5\% at 6dB power back-off.

14:20         C02.3  ASIC IMPLEMENTATION OF FREQUENCY DOMAIN EQUALIZER FOR SINGLE CARRIER TRANSMISSION

K. Komatsu1, S. Kameda1, M. Iwata2, S. Tanifuji1, N. Suematsu1, T. Takagi1, K. Tsubouchi1;  1Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan; 2School of Information, Kochi University of Technology, Kami, Kochi, Japan

Since SC-FDE with MMSE operates at lower PAPR than OFDM, SC-FDE with MMSE is a main candidate for uplink of cellular system such as LTE. In this paper, an ASIC chip for the SC-FDE is implemented on TSMC 180 nm CMOS. The chip size is 5.86 mm^2. The power consumption is 200 mW at data rate of 4.86 Mbit/s. In the condition of 16 paths uniform power delay profile, at a BER of 10^-4, the degradation of measured Eb/N0 from computer simulation is found to be less than 1 dB.

14:40         C02.4  A 3.5-GHZ BAND 140-W-CLASS WIDEBAND FEED-FORWARD POWER AMPLIFIER FOR MOBILE BASE STATIONS

Y. Suzuki, J. Ohkawara, S. Narahashi, NTT DOCOMO, INC., Yokosuka, Japan

This paper analyzes the characteristics when compensating for wideband intermodulation distortion (IMD) components of a fabricated 3.5-GHz band 140-W class feed-forward power amplifier (FFPA). The fabricated FFPA achieves the bandwidths of 160 MHz and 120 MHz when compensating for the IMD components for LTE signals with the bandwidths of 5 MHz and 20 MHz. Experimental and analysis results show that the FFPA compensates for the wideband IMD components when the IMD component compensation level is reduced. This paper shows that the FFPA is a worthwhile linearizer that compensates for 3.5-GHz band wideband IMD components.

15:00         C02.5  HAMMERSTEIN PREDISTORTER FOR HIGH POWER RF AMPLIFIERS IN OFDM TRANSMITTERS

T. Sadeghpour1, H. Karkhaneh2, R. Abd-Alhameed1, A. Ghorbani2, I. T. E. Elfergani1, Y. A. S. Dama1;  1University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom; 2Amirkabir university of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing) is a wideband digital modulation scheme which is critically dependent on linearity in the hardware system, due to its reliance on Fourier Transformation and its inherently high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), and minimization of nonlinearity is thus a priority. In this paper the effectiveness of a predistortion based on the Hammerstein model is investigated by measurement of Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) in AWGN channel and Adjacent Channel Power Ratio (ACPR). Accuracy of prediction of Power amplifier (PA) nonlinearity with memory effect and baseband predistorter is investigated by the experimental results.

15:20         C02.6  ADAPTIVE BIAS LINC ARCHITECTURE FOR WIRELESS TRANSMITTERS

S. Lin, A. E. Fathy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, United States

A novel adaptive bias LInear amplification with Nonlinear Components (LINC) transmitter is introduced and simulated. Where predistortion is applied to the baseband signal; thus the bias of the high efficient power amplifier (PA) is adaptively changed according to the envelop distribution of the modulated baseband signal and the PA itself. This novel transmitter can simultaneously achieve relatively high average efficiency and linearity even with a high peak-to-average (PAR) signal. A comprehensive simulation framework has been developed to validate this adaptive bias scheme with 16, 32, and 64 QAM signals, which have higher than 5 dB PAR levels.

15:40          End of the Session

DB1: Modeling of High Frequency Devices and Circuits

Session Chairs: Peter Russer, Irsadi Aksun

Session     DB1

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Monday, August 15, 13:40-17:20

Room        Dolmabahçe B

13:40         DB1.1  VESELAGO-PENDRY SUPERLENS IMAGING MODELED WITH A SPECTRAL WAVEGUIDE APPROACH

R. S. Hegde, Y. L. Hor, Z. Szabo, E. Li, W. J. R. Hoefer, Institute of high performance computing, SINGAPORE, Singapore

A spectral waveguide model of a superlens imaging system is presented. This model offers advantages in the analysis of dynamics and reality effects and in accurate numerical simulation. Insights into the dynamic response of the superlens, gained from both theoretical and numerical studies, are presented. The effect of loss on the dynamic properties is investigated. In addition, the proposed model leverages a wealth of expertise available for the design of filters, artificial dielectrics and backward wave structures and could possibly aid in the engineering of practical super-resolution imaging systems that will be an enabling technology for future nanoelectronics systems.

14:00         DB1.2  LIQUID RF ANTENNAS, ELECTRONICS AND SENSORS: A MODELING CHALLENGE

A. Traille, M. M. Tentzeris, Georgia Tech, Atlanta, United States

In this paper we present a novel approach for the modeling of multi-phase liquid RF electronics and sensors problems. The deployment of level-set based multi-phase simulation could potentially lead to the development of a new generation of computationally efficient approaches that could bridge the gap between Maxwell and solid/liquid-interface equations. Numerous examples of liquid antennas and solid/liquid wireless biosensors will be presented at the conference to verify the accuracy and validity of the above approach in a variety of liquid radio-frequency wearable, implantable and printable topologies.

14:20         DB1.3  SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL MODELING OF FEW-CYCLE TI:SAPPHIRE LASERS

M. Y. Sander1, L.-J. Chen1, F. X. Kaertner1,2;  1MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States; 2DESY, Hamburg, Germany

In few-cycle Kerr-lens mode-locked Ti:sapphire lasers, the laser crystal is exposed to extremely high intensities which can induce crystal damage. Modeling of the intracavity pulse dynamics can deepen the understanding of the different phenomena contributing to damage and how to best optimize the laser performance. We present a one-dimensional laser model based on dispersion managed mode-locking that accurately captures the temporal and spectral intracavity dynamics and reproduces the output characteristics in great detail. Furthermore, a spatiotemporal model is introduced that incorporates plasma formation to simulate the spatial beam propagation in agreement with experimental observations.

14:40         DB1.4  ACCURATE PHOTONIC ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERSION

A. Khilo1, C. M. Sorace1, J. R. Birge1, F. X. Kaertner1,2;  1Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States; 2DESY-Center for Free-Electron Laser Science and Hamburg University, Hamburg, Germany

Photonic analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) are attracting significant interest due to promise of overcoming the problem of aperture jitter and improving ADC performance level by orders of magnitude. This work examines several critical factors which define the accuracy of an optically-sampled wavelength-demultiplexed ADC built on a silicon chip using silicon photonic technology. These factors are the optical power-dependent shot noise, optical power-dependent nonlinearities due to two-photon and free-carrier absorption in silicon, and nonlinear transfer function of a silicon modulator. Ways to reduce the impact of these factors on ADC accuracy are considered.

15:00         DB1.5  FAST AND ACCURATE DESIGN METHODOLOGY FOR MILLIMETER-WAVE INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

B. Laemmle1, K. Schmalz2, C. Scheytt2, D. Kissinger1, R. Weigel1;  1Institute for Electronics Engineering, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; 2IHP, Frankfurt (Oder), Germany

In this paper the design of integrated passive and active circuits in silicon by use of rigorous electromagnetic analysis. A broadband directional coupler has been designed with large bandwidth at 110 GHz center frequency and measured from 20 to 140 GHz. The simulation is compared to measurement showing very good agreement. A VCO has been designed at 116 GHz center frequency. The measurement of the center frequency is within 1% of simulation. The design methodology for a 240-GHz power detector also is given showing the design of a L-type matching network.

15:20         DB1.6  SELF-CONSISTENT SIMULATION OF LOCAL POTENTIAL IN EXTERNAL-GATE BIASED GRAPHENE NANORIBBONS

D. Mencarelli, T. Rozzi, L. Pierantoni, Universit Politecnica delle Marche - Ancona -Italy, Ancona, Italy;  F. Coccetti, LAAS-CNRS, Toulouse, France  

We report on the self-consistent analysis of armchair graphene nanoribbon (GNR) field-effect transistors (FET), in the case of multi-band coherent carrier transport. In principle, the same approach can be extended to include the contribution to charge transport due to different layers of a few-layer GNR-FET. To the aim of demonstrating the versatility of our simulation tool, we provide interesting examples about the dependence of charge and self-consistent potential on the gate voltage, for small drain voltages: these include details of numerical convergence of the iterative system of Poisson and Schrӧdinger equations

15:40          Tea/Coffee Break

16:00         DB1.7  AC CONDUCTIVITY OF METALLIC CARBON NANOTUBES (CNTS) EXPOSED TO A DC FIELD

M. Dagher1, D. Sounas1, R. Martel2, C. Caloz1;  1Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada; 2Universite de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada

The AC conductivity of a carbon nanotube (CNT) is derived and it is shown that it can become negative when the CNT is exposed to a DC axial field in addition to the AC field. For this purpose, the Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) is solved within the relaxation time approximation (RTA) by separating the AC and DC contributions. The AC carrier distribution and the AC conductivity are found via a semi-analytical procedure. Absolute negative AC conductivity is found for a DC field above 10^5 V/m, which is a promising result toward enabling CNT traveling-wave amplifiers.

16:20         DB1.8  EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT SYNTHESIS FOR MICROSTRIP STRUCTURES DESIGN AND OPTIMISATION

A. Gorbunova, Y. Kuznetsov, Moscow Aviation Institute (State Technical University), Moscow, Russian Federation

The paper suggests network synthesis algorithm used limited band scattering parameters of microwave devices. Presentation of the model in the form of an equivalent electric circuit maintains its feasibility as a microwave device under variation of parameters in the process of optimization. The proposed approach is based on the simple description of the microwave structures using lumped element network. The submitted example of synthesis illustrates the microstrip filter design.

16:40         DB1.9  MICROMACHINED J-BAND RECTANGULAR WAVEGUIDE FILTER

M. Vahidpour, K. Sarabandi, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States

Fully micromachined waveguide filters are realized based on metal E-plane rods. The rods make a series of shunt inductors separated by the length of the waveguide. Two- and three- pole filter designs for 230~245 GHz bands constructed in WR-3 waveguide are introduced. The filters are microfabricated by etching the rods and waveguides on one silicon wafer which later is bonded with another metal-coated wafer. The devices are measured using a J-band S-parameter test and the measurement results are in good agreement with the simulation results.

17:00         DB1.10  INFINITE INTEGRALSWITH THEWEIGHTED AVERAGES ALGORITHM

J. R. Mosig, A. G. Polimeridis, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland

A new version of the weighted averages (WA) algorithm, called generalized WA, is introduced. Generalized WA exhibit a more compact formulation, devoid of iterative and recursive steps, and a wider range of applications. It is more robust, as it provides a unique formulation, valid for real and imaginary parameters. The implementation of the new version is easier and more efficient. Preliminary numerical examples show the promise of the generalized WA that become the most interesting version among the generic class of WA algorithms, which are currently recognized as the most competitive algorithms to evaluate Sommerfeld integral tails.

17:20          End of the Session

E02 – Lightning and Related Effects I

Session Chairs: Vladimir A. Rakov, Z. Kawasaki

Session     E02

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Monday, August 15, 13:40-17:20

Room        Galata

13:40         E02.1  LIGHTNING RETURN STROKES TO TALL TOWERS: ABILITY OF ENGINEERING MODELS TO REPRODUCE NEARBY ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS

A. Mosaddeghi, A. Shoory, F. Rachidi, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland;  M. Rubinstein, 2University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland, Yverdon, Switzerland;  G. Diendorfer, H. Pichler, Austrian Lightning Detection and Information System, Vienna, Austria;  D. Pavanello, Colge Champittet, Lausanne, Switzerland  

We present measurements of nearby vertical and horizontal electric fields from leaders and return strokes associated with lightning strikes to the 100-m tall Gaisberg Tower in Austria obtained in 2007 and 2008. The fields were measured at a distance of about 20 m from the towers vertical axis. Simultaneously with the fields, return-stroke currents were also measured at the top of the tower. The measured data are used to test engineering models for the return stroke. In general, the agreement between measured waveforms and model-predicted ones are satisfactory.

14:00         E02.2  FDTD SIMULATION OF FIELD-REDUCTION EFFECT AT GROUND DUE TO CORONA AT LIGHTNING-TRIGGERING WIRE

Y. Baba, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan;  V. A. Rakov, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA  

The effect of an upward-extending wire used for artificial lightning initiation from thunderclouds and the corona space charge emanated from this wire on the close electric field (prior to lightning initiation) on the ground has been examined using the FDTD method. When the wire-top altitude is 200 m, the reduction of upward-directed electric field at a horizontal distance of 60 m is 15, 23, 28, and 38% relative to the background value at ground surface of 10 kV/m for corona radii, 0.27, 2, 4, and 10 m, respectively. These calculated results agree well with measurements.

14:20         E02.3  INFLUENCE OF RETURN STROKE SPEED AND LEADER LINE CHARGE DENSITY ON LIGHTNING CORONA SHEATH DYNAMICS

G. Maslowski, Rzeszow University of Technology, Rzeszow, Poland;  V. A. Rakov, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA  

Positive transferred charge inside the lightning channel core during the return-stroke stage dominates the total charge when the speed of the return stroke current wave is relatively low and negative leader line charge density is less than typical values inferred from field measurements. As a result, the positive charge inside the channel during the return-stroke stage can be temporarily greater than the negative charge deposited by the preceding leader. This may explain significant positive overshoots in radial electric fields measured with a Pockels sensor close to the triggered lightning channel at ground.

14:40         E02.4  LIGHTNING ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS AND INDUCED VOLTAGES: INFLUENCE OF CHANNEL TORTUOSITY

A. Andreotti1, U. De Martinis1, C. Petrarca1, V. A. Rakov2, L. Verolino1;  1University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; 2University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA

Models for calculation of lightning induced overvoltages usually assume a straight and vertical lightning channel. However, it is well known that the lightning path is tortuous on scales ranging from 1 m to 1 km. In this paper the tortuosity effect is analyzed for both lightning-generated electromagnetic fields and induced voltages. For a schematic representation of tortuous lightning channel, it is shown that at close and intermediate ranges the predominant effect is due to the inclination of the lowest channel segment; only for fields at relatively far ranges the overall tortuosity effect becomes appreciable.

15:00         E02.5  RADIO-PHYSICAL METHODS OF ANALYSIS FOR THUNDERSTORM FIELD PERTURBATIONS

E. A. Mareev, V. V. Klimenko, Y. V. Shlyugaev, M. V. Shatalina, D. I. Iudin, Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation

Complex field experiments have been undertaken on the basis of the observational set-up arranged in the Upper-Volga Region during the convective seasons of 2005-2010. Spectral and statistical characteristics of electric field perturbations in the vicinity of thunderstorm clouds have been investigated. Statistical analysis allowed us to relate found peculiarities with different stages of thunderstorm generator dynamics. We develop our fractal simulation code to take into account the spatio-temporal dynamics of a cloud discharge, to compare the results with the observations and to address several actual problems of lightning initiation physics.

15:20         E02.6  STEPPED LEADER CHARACTERISTICS IN DEVELOPING HORIZONTALLY WITHIN THUNDERCLOUDS AND IN DESCENDING OUT OF THUNDERCLOUDS

S. Yoshida, M. Akita, T. Morimoto, T. Ushio, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan;  Z. Kawasaki, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology, Alexandria, Egypt  

We examine VHF and optical images of cloud-to-ground flashes to study IC leaders that propagated within thunderclouds and CG leaders that descended outside thunderclouds. It is shown that IC leaders developed smoothly and CG leaders propagated in a heavily branched manner. We speculate that, in the case of IC leaders, only the leader tip having the highest charge density in the channel could propagate in E-field intensified by local positive charge. In the case of CG leaders, not only leader tips but also lower parts of the leader could initiate new branches due to higher charge density.

15:40          Tea/Coffee Break

16:00         E02.7  DEVELOPMENT OF THE BROADBAND RADAR NETWORK WITH HIGH RESOLUTION

T. Ushio1, E. Yoshikawa1, N. Wakayama1, S. Shimamura1, S. Yoshida1, T. Morimoto1, Z. Kawasaki1,2;  1Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; 2Egypt Japan University of Science and Technology, Alexandria, Egypt

A small-baseline weather radar network consisting of the Ku-band broadband radars (BBR) for meteoro-logical application is developed. The BBR is a remarkably high-resolution close-range Doppler radar designed for detecting and analyzing rapidly evolving weather phenomena such as severe thunderstorms, tornadoes, and downbursts, which often cause damage to our lives seriously. A radar network with several BBRs (the BBR network) observes multi-directionally and simultaneously these severe phenomena with high reso-lution and accuracy. In this presentation, the concept of the project and the initial observation results of the BBR network were presented.

16:20         E02.8  A MACROMODEL-BASED ALGORITHM FOR THE CALCULATION OF LIGHTNING RADIATED ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS AND INDUCED VOLTAGES IN TRANSMISSION LINES

S. Mashayekhi, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada;  B. Kordi, University Of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada  

In this paper, we propose a fast and efficient algorithm for the calculation of lightning radiated electromagnetic (EM) fields in the space. These macromodel-based calculations will be done using a mixed time-frequency domain method. Vector Fitting algorithm is employed to trace the poles/residues position of the channel-base current-radiated electromagnetic fields system transfer function in different points of the space. The spatial representation of the poles and residues locations will result in efficient calculation of the induced voltage on the frequency dependent multiconductor transmission lines (MTL) over a lossy ground.

16:40         E02.9  EVALUATION OF THE COORAY-RUBINSTEIN FORMULA FOR DISTANCES FARTHER THAN A FEW KILOMETERS USING THE PARALLEL FDTD METHOD

M. Khosravi Farsani, R. Moini, S. H. H. Sadeghi, Amirkabir university of technology, tehran, Iran

a parallel finite difference time domain code is developed for the calculation of the horizontal electric field above ground for three distances of 2 Km, 5 Km and 10 Km from the return stroke channel. An electromagnetic model of lightning is adopted for the purpose of simulation. The obtained results are compared with those simulated by Cooray-Rubinstein formula (CR). The effect of ground's conductivity on the electric field value is also investigated. The results show that the accuracy of CR formula decreases as the grounds conductivity decreases or distance of observation point from the lightning channel becomes larger.

17:00         E02.10  AN IMPROVED DISTANCE FINDING TECHNIQUE FOR SINGLE-SITE LIGHTNING LOCATION SYSTEM USING REFLECTION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ANISOTROPIC IONOSPHERE

M. Ozaki, S. Yagitani, K. Miyazaki, I. Nagano, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan

The distance finding technique for a single-site lightning location system is evaluated by using theoretical sferics, which are calculated under the effect of the magnetized ionosphere. The calculated ionospheric reflection coefficients are stable at smaller incident angles, while they exhibit a poor reflection at larger incident angles around 70 degrees. The distance finding accuracy is improved when the 1st reflected pulse of the sferic having the largest incident angle is excluded in the estimation. The errors of the improved distance finding technique become less than 5%, while those of the previous technique using the 1st reflected pulse were 20%.

17:20          End of the Session

F02 – Attenuation and Depolarization in Satellite and Terrestrial Propagation

Session Chair: Bertram Arbesser-Rastburg

Session     F02

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Monday, August 15, 13:40-17:20

Room        Haliç

13:40         F02.1  STATISTICS OF RAIN ATTENUATION REVISITED

J. B. Andersen, P. C. Eggers, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark;  I. E. Otung, University of Glamorgan, Pontypridd, UK  

Millimeter frequency satellite links are prone to variations in attenuation over a large range, more than 30 dB. This has been considered to be caused by meteorological conditions. Statistical distributions have been fit-to-data with little or no physical insight. It is the purpose of this paper to test the hypothesis that the dynamic variations are Ricean or Rayleigh type fading, caused by multipath from the rain. This opens the possibility of exact distributions of Doppler variations and of the recently studied rain fade slope, which follows a Students t- distribution with the Doppler spread as parameter

14:00         F02.2  PREDICTING THE PROPAGATION LOSS THROUGH A TREE CANOPY AT MILLIMETER FREQUENCIES FORWARD SCATTERING APPROXIMATION 3-D VECTOR RADIATIVE TRANSPORT THEORY

S. A. Torrico, Comsearch, Bethesda, MD, United States;  R. H. Lang, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States  

The vector radiative transport theory is used to compute the attenuation produced by a tree canopy containing random located lossy-dielectric leaves and branches at millimeter wave frequencies. The forward scattering approximation is used to simplify the radiative transport equation. The forward scattering approximation is used since at millimeter frequencies, the leaves and branches are large and thick compared to the wavelength; hence, a leaf or a branch scatter energy strongly in the forward direction and weakly in all other directions. Leaves are modeled as flat-circular lossy-dielectric discs and branches as lossy-dielectric cylinders with prescribe orientation statistics.

14:20         F02.3  COMPUTATION OF RAIN ATTENUATION IN TROPICAL REGION WITH MULTIPLE SCATTERING AND MULTIPLE ABSORPTION EFFECTS USING EXPONENTIAL DROP SIZE DISTRIBUTION

F. F. Amrullah, E. Setijadi, G. Hendrantoro, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia

Rain attenuation causes scattering and absorption of electromagnetic waves and could be a significant problem in radio propagation, especially in tropical region which has high rainfall rate. In this paper, raindrop was modeled using exponential raindrop size distribution and computed with multiple scattering and multiple absorption effect previously derived. It was assumed that raindrop shape is spherical and has dielectric constant following the Double Debye Model. Based on the analysis, rain attenuation effects become significant for frequencies above 10 GHz and reach the peak at about 125 GHz. Other important results are also reported.

14:40         F02.4  KU-BAND SIGNAL DEPOLARIZATION OVER EARTH-SPACE PATH IN RELATION TO SCATTERING OF RAINDROPS AT A TROPICAL LOCATION

A. Maitra, A. Adhikari, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India

The depolarization of a satellite signal due to scattering by rain drops has been studied at a tropical location. The depolarization phenomenon is observed in terms of an enhancement of cross-polar component of a horizontally polarized Ku-band signal. The differential phase shifts, dominantly responsible for causing depolarization at Ku-band due to scattering by spheroidal raindrops, are computed by employing the point matching technique and using experimentally obtained rain drop size distribution (DSD) data. The differential phase shift is significant for large drops (> 3mm). Consequently, DSD plays an important role in determining the depolarization of the satellite signal.

15:00         F02.5  TWO YEAR RAIN ATTENUATION STATISTICS OVER A LINE OF SIGHT TERRESTRIAL MICROWAVE LINK OPERATING AT 30 GHZ IN TROPICAL REGION AMRITSAR (INDIA)

P. Sharma, Model Institute of Engineering and Technology, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India

The precipitation in path of microwave communication links leads to fading of signal. The calculation of fade margin for 99.99 % of the time-availability of such links requires the knowledge of rain rate and attenuation levels for 0.01 % time of year. The ITU-R has given recommendations regarding rain rate and attenuation levels but it has been found that the recommendations are not suitable for tropical regions. The paper presents the experimental results of two year rain attenuation measurement program conducted in a tropical site Amritsar (India). The experimental results are different from that predicted by ITU-R.

15:20         F02.6  SOME MELTING LAYER CHARACTERISTICS AT TWO TROPICAL LOCATIONS IN INDIAN REGION

S. Das, A. Maitra, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

Hydrometeors pose serious threat to satellite communication operating above 10 GHz. The designing line-of-sight link usually is based on the ITU-R models, which are often inadequate for tropical region. ITU-R model uses a yearly averaged constant rain height for the attenuation calculation, which may not be valid for tropics. This paper reports the study of rain height based on Micro Rain Radar and Radiosonde observations at two tropical locations in Indian region. Results suggest a possible modification in the rain attenuation model taking into account the melting layer height variation with the season and rain rate.

15:40          Tea/Coffee Break

16:00         F02.7  ANALYSIS OF RAINDROP SIZE DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTICS IN MALAYSIA FOR RAIN ATTENUATION PREDICTION

H. Y. Lam, D. Jafri, University Technology Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia;  L. Luini, C. Capsoni, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy;  A. D. Panagopoulos, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece  

Variability of rainfall characteristics in the equatorial regions is a key problem in estimating adequate fade margin due to rain attenuation in satellite communication. Based on disdrometer data collected in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, this paper investigates the characteristics of the raindrop size distribution (DSD) and the dependence of rain attenuation on the DSD. Its diurnal variation and the role of critical diameter values on the estimation of specific attenuation are also discussed. Preliminary results suggest that satellite links operating in the afternoon and early evening hours should be provided with an extra fade margin to compensate for rain attenuation impairments.

16:20         F02.8  DIMENSIONAL STATISTICS OF RAINFALL SIGNATURE AND FADE DURATION FOR MICROWAVE PROPAGATION IN NIGERIA

J. S. Ojo, O. M. Ajewole, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo state, Nigeria., ONDO, Nigeria

As the communication services are increasingly demanding more access for higher frequencies up to Ka-band and beyond, dimensional statistics of rainfall for predicting rain induced attenuation is required for estimating the link budget and the communication performance. Attenuation due to rain restricts the path length of radio communication systems and limits the usage of higher frequencies for terrestrial point-to-point microwave links and satellite communications. In this paper, some results of dimensional statistics of rainfall signature and fade duration are presented. Rain events are studied to examine the efficacy of predicting the attenuations from point rain rate measurements

16:40         F02.9  GENERATION OF AN EMPIRIC PROPAGATION MODEL FOR FOREST ENVIRONMENT AT GSM900/GSM1800/CDMA2100

M. Bitirgan1,2, Y. E. Yoruk1,2, S. Celik1,2, O. Kurnaz1, S. Helhel1,1, S. Ozen1,1;  1Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey; 2Turkcell Iletisim Hizmetleri A.S, Antalya, Turkey

This paper represents a generation of an empiric propagation model for a certain pine tree environment. An empiric model has been obtained by the addition of vegetation loss factor L into the free space model by using both forest and open area measurements. Three different models for different operating band have been generated. The model error increased with frequency from 900MHz to 1800MHz, but it reached smallest value at CDMA2100. This could be a result of large (5MHz) bandwidth of CDMA2100. For better models, curve fitting techniques can be used to determine L as a function of tree number.

17:00         F02.10  TO THE PROBLEM OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES PROPAGATION IN TURBULENT MAGNETIZED PLASMA SLAB

G. V. Jandieri, Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia;  A. Ishimaru, University of Washington, Seattle, USA;  K. Yasumoto, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan;  V. G. Jandieri, Kyungpook National University, Buk-Gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea;  N. N. Zhukova, M. Nodia Institute of Geophysics, Tbilisi, Georgia  

Second order statistical moment of the ordinary and extraordinary waves scattered by turbulent magnetized plasma slab with electron density and magnetic field fluctuations is analytically calculated applying the perturbation method. Numerical calculations are carried out for the anisotropic Gaussian fluctuation spectrum at different anisotropy factor and the angle of inclination of prolate irregularities with respect to the external magnetic field. Phase portraits of correlation function of the phase and amplitude fluctuations of scattered radiation are constructed. It is shown that correlation between ordinary and extraordinary wave decreases in proportion to the anisotropic factor.

17:20          End of the Session

G02 – Measuring and Modeling the Ionospheric Electron Density Profile

Session Chairs: Dieter Bilitza, B Zolesi, Bodo Reinisch

Session     G02

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Monday, August 15, 13:40-17:20

Room        Topkapi A

13:40         G02.1  OPTIMIZATION OF F2 LAYER PARAMETERS USING IRI-PLAS AND IONOLAB-TEC

O. Sahin, ASELSAN, Ankara, Turkey;  U. Sezen, F. Arikan, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey;  O. Arikan, BILKENT UNIVERSITY, Ankara, Turkey  

In this study, the relation of the maximum ionization height (HmF2) and the critical frequency (FoF2) of F2 layer is examined within their parametric range through the International Reference Ionosphere extended towards the plasmasphere (IRI-Plas) model and the IONOLAB-TEC. HmF2 and FoF2 are optimized using an iterational loop through Non-Linear Least Squares method. HmF2 and FoF2 are obtained for various locations including Turkey for the same quiet day. Results are compared with ionosonde data where available. This study enables the modification and update of empirical and deterministic IRI Model to include instantaneous variability of the ionosphere.

14:00         G02.2  A NEW VARY-CHAP MODEL OF TOPSIDE ELECTRON DENSITY PROFILES BASED ON ISIS-2 DATA

B. W. Reinisch1,2, P. Nsumei1, X. Huang1, D. Bilitza2;  1University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States; 2Lowell Digisonde International, Lowell, MA, United States

A new model of the topside electron density distribution is developed for IRI. The new Vary-Chap function is a generalized Chapman profile with a continuously varying shape function S(h): N/Nm = 1/S^2 {exp[(1-Y-exp-Y)/2]} with Y an integral function of S(h). This equation is solved for S(h), and S(h) functions for 80,000 ISIS-2 profiles are calculated. A parameterized function S*(h) is fitted to each shape function characterizing the shape of the profiles without direct dependence on hm and NmF2.

14:20         G02.3  INVESTIGATION OF THE BOTTOMSIDE / TOPSIDE CONTRIBUTION TO THE TOTAL ELECTRON CONTENT AT EUROPEAN MID-LATITUDES

I. E. Zakharenkova, I. I. Shagimuratov, I. V. Cherniak, West Department of IZMIRAN, Kaliningrad, Russian Federation;  A. Krankowski, A. Krypiak-Gregorczyk, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland  

The electron density profiles, derived from FormoSat-3/COSMIC radio occultation measurements and European mid-latitude ionosondes Pruhonice and Juliusruh, were analyzed in order to compare the contribution of bottomside and topside ionosphere to the GPS-derived total electron content. Analysis was carried out for different seasonal conditions during period of low solar activity; special attention was focused on the differences in these parts contribution to total electron content for night and daytime hours.

14:40         G02.4  MEASUREMENTS AND IRI MODEL PREDICTIONS DURING THE RECENT SOLAR MINIMUM

D. Bilitza, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, United States;  S. A. Brown, M. Y. Wang, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, United States;  P. A. Roddy, Air Force Research Laboratory, Hanscom, Massachusetts, United States  

Comparisons of CHAMP and GRACE electron density measurements with predictions of the URSI International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) have shown significant differences during the recent extended solar minimum, while ionosonde data do not seem to show differences of similar magnitude. We have further evaluated the performance of IRI during this period using C/NOFS PLP data and ionosonde data from middle and low latitude stations. We also study the impact of uncertainties in the predictions of solar indices on the IRI densities.

15:00         G02.5  SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIABILITY OF THE LOW- AND MID-LATITUDE IONOSPHERE AS REVEALED BY MODAL DECOMPOSITION

E. R. Talaat, X. Zhu, The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, United States

We examine two approaches to capture the modes of spatial and temporal variability observed in the ionosphere: 1. decomposition into modes as functions of local time and zonal wavenumber and 2. analysis using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and the corresponding principal component analysis technique. The spectral analysis of the different time series of reveals how different mechanisms such as solar flux variation, change of the orbital declination, nonlinear mode coupling and geomagnetic activity are separated and expressed in different modes. We also perform similar analysis performed on output from the TIE-GCM to provide insight on the observed phenomena.

15:20         G02.6  STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF IONOSPHERIC ACTIVITY IN THE PERIOD OF LOW SOLAR ACTIVITY USING DPS-4 IONOSONDE DATA

M. V. Tolstikov, A. V. Medvedev, K. G. Ratovsky, Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics (ISTP), Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russian Federation

In investigation of fundamental problems of ionosphere physics always large attention was given to the observational data during low solar activity, when there was a capability to minimize influence of external factors. On the basis of regular, continuous measurement of the Irkutsk ionospheric sounder the automated method of researches of ionospheric disturbances was designed. Statistical analysis of disturbances of an electron concentration during 2004 - 2009 was done. Main problem of the analysis was determination of total number of perturbed days and determination of total number of wave disturbances depending on a level of solar activity, season and time.

15:40          Tea/Coffee Break

16:00         G02.7  INTEGRATION OF MULTI INSTRUMENT IONOSPHERIC PLASMA DIAGNOSTICS USED FOR NEAR EARTH ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING

H. Rothkaehl1, A. Krankowski2, R. Sieradzki2, D. Przepirka1, E. Słomińska1, A. Krypiak-Gregorczyk2;  1Space Research Center Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; 2University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Geodynamics Research Laboratory (GRL/UWM), Olsztyn, Poland

The aim of this presentation is to show global distribution of plasma parameters diagnosed by various measuring techniques as: in situ wave and plasma diagnostics registered on board of DEMETER satellite, GPS IGS/EPN network, GPS Antarctic and Arctic IGS observation and the data retrieved from FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC measurements. We are willing to present and validate the properties of the ionospheric electron density profiling retrieved from FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC radio occultation measurements. We would like also to discuss the limitation of presented diagnose techniques with respect to different geomagnetic condition and localisation in space.

16:20         G02.8  3-D INVERSION OF IONOSONDE DATA FOR IONOSPHERIC ELECTRON DENSITY: NEW DEVELOPMENTS AND BENEFITS FOR ASSIMILATIVE MODELING

N. A. Zabotin, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States

Modern phase-based digital ionosondes have capabilities to measure accurately both the group time of propagation and the directions of arrival for each ionogram echo. Inversion algorithm NeXtYZ uses this information to recover locally both true vertical profile and horizontal gradients of ionospheric plasma density. For the first time in ionospheric sounding practice this algorithm provides justifiable profile uncertainties that characterize specific ionogram and obey Gaussian statistics. Horizontal gradients not only describe the plasma density distribution directly but also quantify energetics and dynamics of the ionosphere and thermosphere through characterization of the gravity waves and of the neutral wind.

16:40         G02.9  MONITORING D-REGION VARIABILITY FROM LIGHTNING MEASUREMENTS

F. Simoes1, J.-J. Berthelier2, R. Pfaff1, D. Bilitza1, J. Klenzing1;  1NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland, United States; 2UPMC, Paris, France

In situ measurements of ionospheric D-region characteristics are somewhat scarce and rely mostly on sounding rockets. Remote sensing techniques employing Very Low Frequency (VLF) transmitters can provide electron density estimates from subionospheric wave propagation modeling. Here we discuss how lightning waveform measurements, namely sferics and tweeks, can be used for monitoring the D-region variability and day-night transition, and for local electron density estimates. A brief comparison among D-region aeronomy models is also presented.

17:00         G02.10  MODELING IONOSPHERIC PROPAGATION OF LOW FREQUENCY SIGNALS FOR REMOTE SENSING PURPOSES USING CHARGE DENSITY PROFILES

E. D. Schmitter, University of Applied Sciences Osnabrueck, Osnabrueck, Germany

The use of powerful low frequency transmitter signals is a well established technique for remote sensing of the lower ionosphere. Standard tools for calculating propagation conditions like the Long Wave Propagation Capability (LWPC) code - rely on default procedures for modeling the day-night transition conditions that do not map reality sufficiently for modeling purposes. We propose an improved method by making use of the possibility to introduce charge density profiles into the LWPC that vary appropriately over the day-night cycle and additionally can model disturbances caused by forcing of the lower ionosphere from above and below.

17:20          End of the Session

H02 – Micro/macro-scale Kinetic Processes at Boundary Layers in Terrestrial and Planetary Environments

Session Chair: Bertrand Lembège

Session     H02

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Monday, August 15, 13:40-17:20

Room        Topkapi B

13:40         H02.1  DYNAMICS OF QUASI-PERPENDICULAR SHOCKS: RECENT RESULTS ISSUED FROM 2D PIC SIMULATION

T. Umeda, Y. Kidani, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan;  S. Matsukiyo, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Japan  

Cross-scale coupling between fluid dynamics and particle kinetics at perpendicular collisionless shocks is an issue of space plasma physics. The influence of shock-front ripples to the dynamics of shocks is studied by means of a large-scale two-dimensional (2D) full particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation. The present simulation has confirmed the transition of shock structures from the cyclic self-reformation to the quasi-stationary shock front due to rippled structures at the shock front.

14:00         H02.2  MICROTURBULENCE AT THE FRONT OF SUPERCRITICAL QUASIPERPENDICULAR SHOCKS

L. Muschietti, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, United States;  B. Lembege, Latmos-UVSQ-IPSL-CNRS, Guyancourt, France  

The drift of the reflected ion beam versus the electrons across the magnetic field can easily destabilize waves in the electron cyclotron frequency range. Several Bernstein harmonics can be unstable, depending upon the ion beam's drift and temperature. With electromagnetic PIC simulations we investigate their nonlinear characteristics. First, high harmonics develop in agreement with dispersion properties. Second, an inverse cascade occurs whereby the spectrum shifts toward lower k-modes to eventually accumulate on the first harmonic. The late phase showcases a magnetic component to the spectrum and a significant energy transfer from the ion beam to the electrons.

14:20         H02.3  A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TERRESTRIAL AND PLANETARY BOW SHOCKS

H. Kucharek, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States

Shocks are spectacular and energetic events in the Universe. Generated by supernovae, stellar winds, and the solar wind they have important effects. They are accelerators and they act on galactic nebula triggering formation of planetary systems. The Earths bow shock results from the interaction of the solar wind with the magnetosphere. Being a prime science objective of many missions it has been studied in detail. We now obtained data from Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn. In this presentation we will review similarities and differences of these shocks in shape, topology, solar wind interaction and highlight key science questions.

14:40         H02.4  NONLINEAR MIRROR MODE STRUCTURES IN MULTI-DIMENSIONAL MODELS

M. Shoji, Y. Omura, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan;  L.-C. Lee, National Central University, Taiwan, Taiwan  

We obtain the difference of the mirror mode magnetic structures between 2D and 3D hybrid simulations. The magnetic dip structure can be found only in the 2D model with low ion beta conditions. In the 3D model or 2D model with high ion beta, we obtain the magnetic peak structures. From the pressure balance condition between the magnetic field and the protons, how the difference of the magnetic structures in the 2D model between the ion betas occurs is shown.

15:00         H02.5  THEMIS-DOUBLE STAR-CLUSTER OBSERVATIONS OF RECONNECTION AND DYNAMICS ACROSS THE DAYSIDE MAGNETOPAUSE.

M. W. Dunlop, RAL, STFC, DIDCOT, United Kingdom

Study of the extent across the Earths magnetopause of magnetic reconnection (MR) has recently benefitted from an unprecedented growth in complexity of multi-point, in situ measurements, on the small and meso-scale. Nevertheless, direct measurements of the small active region are still relatively rare, owing to the time variable nature of the near-Earth environment. We report direct evidence of X-line structure resulting from MR at widely separated locations and a full traversal through a reconnection layer. Observations are taken from conjunctions of 4-Cluster, 5-THEMIS and the Double Star, TC-1 spacecraft.

15:20         H02.6  MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATIONS OF THE MAGNETOPAUSES OF SATURN, JUPITER AND THE EARTH

R. J. Walker, UCLA, Los Angeles, United States;  K. Fukazawa, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan;  T. Ogino, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan  

We use global magnetohydrodynamic simulations to compare the responses of Saturn, Jupiter and the Earth to the solar wind. We investigate the magnetospheric boundaries in the presence of dayside reconnection and find waves on the boundary that are consistent with the Kelvin-Helmholtz (K-H) instability. At the Earth and Jupiter reconnection erodes the dayside magnetopause but there is little erosion at Saturn. The waves at Earth are caused by solar wind velocity shear. At Saturn the solar wind velocity shear combines with rotating Kronian plasma to create the waves. At Jupiter rotating Jovian flows cause the instability.

15:40          Tea/Coffee Break

16:00         H02.7  PLASMA TRANSPORT PROCESSES AT THE HIGH LATITUDE MAGNETOSPHERE OBSERVED BY CLUSTER

Q. Q. Shi1, Q. Q-G. Zong2, Z. Y. Pu2, S. Y. Fu2, M. W. Dunlop3, Y. Wei2, Y. F. Wang2, W. J. Sun1, T. Xiao1;  1Shandong University at Weihai, Weihai, China; 2School of Earth and space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; 3Space Sciences Division, SSTD, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK

Cluster four spacecraft data is used to study the spatial-temporal characteristics in/near the high and mid-altitude cusp under northward IMF. In our previous work a transition layer equatorward of the cusp was observed, which is suggested to be the entry layer during northward IMF. From event study and a further survey tailward of the Cusp, some transport processes of sheath-like ions in the magnetosphere are studied. Possible (dual) lobe reconnection model in the northward IMF condition are applied to explain these observations.

16:20         H02.8  THE ACCELERATION OF ELECTRONS IN THE MAGNETOTAIL AND THEIR AURORAL SIGNATURES

M. Ashour-Abdalla1,2, M. Zhou3, M. El-Alaoui1, D. Schriver1, R. Richard1, R. J. Walker1,2;  1UCLA, Los Angeles, Californi, United States; 2UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States; 3Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China

By using data from the THEMIS and Cluster missions together with global magnetohydrodynamic and large scale kinetic particle simulations, we demonstrated that electrons were energized by two distinct mechanisms: betatron acceleration and reconnection processes. The simulation results were validated by comparing the electron energy flux at the equatorial plane with THEMIS observations. To determine the auroral signatures of these processes we calculated the corresponding precipitating electron energy fluxes at different times. We found a direct correspondence between the earthward movement of the dipolarization fronts and the location of the precipitating energy flux.

16:40         H02.9  STOCHASTIC FERMI ACCELERATION IN THE EARTH'S MAGNETOTAIL CURRENT SHEET: NUMERICAL STUDIES

S. Perri, A. Greco, G. Zimbardo, Universita' della Calabria, Rende, Italy

We show results from 2D and 3D test particle simulations investigating the acceleration of protons interacting with stationary and time-dependent electromagnetic fields. In the 2D simulations we mimic a Fermi-like interaction between particles and randomly positioned oscillating clouds. A constant dawn-dusk electric field and a constant out of plane magnetic field are also present. The 3D model studies that process in a more realistic configuration: a modified Harris profile has also been added. Parametric studies have been performed and the results discussed also in comparison with spacecraft observations in both the distant and the near-Earth magnetotail.

17:00         H02.10  CLUSTER OBSERVATIONS OF ELECTROSTATIC ACCELERATION STRUCTURES ABOVE THE POLAR CAP AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THEIR ORIGIN IN THE MAGNETOPAUSE BOUNDARY LAYER

D. Fontaine, A. Teste, LPP / CNRS, Palaiseau, France

During quiet periods of Northward IMF, CLUSTER observed electron acceleration structures at high altitudes along magnetic field lines connected to the polar and extended along the magnetopause boundary layers. The electrons are observed to be successively earthward and outward accelerated, forming current sheets of opposite polarities. The precipitating electrons are accelerated to keV-energies in relatively stable and broad structures. The outflowing electron beams, accelerated to weaker energies (tens of eV), form structures at much smaller scales. These acceleration structures are suggested to result from electrostatic structures generated at the interface between the magnetopause boundary layers and the lobes.

17:20          End of the Session

JT – Exploring the Epoch of Reionization with Low-Frequency Radio Telescopes (in memory of Donald C. Backer)

Session Chair: Subra Ananthakrishnan

Session     JT

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Monday, August 15, 13:40-14:40

Room        Marmara

13:40         JT.1  EXPLORING THE EPOCH OF REIONIZATION WITH LOW-FREQUENCY RADIO TELESCOPES

A. R. Parsons, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States

The Epoch of Reonization (EoR) represents a major frontier of cosmic evolution yet to be explored. Redshifted emission from the 21cm hyperfine transition of neutral hydrogen provides a unique tracer of the primordial intergalactic medium. But with foregrounds that exceed the expected EoR signal by more than five orders of magnitude, the level of calibration needed for detecting this signal is unprecedented in the 100-200MHz band expected to encompass EoR. We will discuss the various instrumental approaches underway for achieving the necessary sensitivity and calibration, and discuss plans for second-generation antenna arrays that might explore EoR tomographically.

14:40          End of the Session

KBE – Non-ionizing Electromagnetic Breast Imaging

Session Chairs: Susan Hagness, Elise Fear

Session     KBE

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Monday, August 15, 13:40-17:00

Room        Loft

13:40         KBE.1  TOWARDS A PLANAR MICROWAVE TOMOGRAPHY SYSTEM FOR EARLY STAGE BREAST CANCER DETECTION

A. Diaz-Bolado1, T. Henriksson2, P.-A. Barriere1, H. Memarzadeh-Tehran1, N. Joachimowicz2, C. Conessa2, A. Joisel2, B. Duchene2, J.-J. Laurin1, J.-C. Bolomey2;  1Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada; 2Supelec, Paris, France

The advantages of planar Microwave Tomography applied to early stage breast cancer detection are presented. The breast is compressed between two dielectric plates in a configuration similar to that of X-ray mammography. This approach would allow the future implementation of a dual modality imaging system where the advantages of both techniques can be exploited. The research eff
orts for the development of a planar MT system are described, as well as, the key features of the latter. A numerical validation is used to show how the breast compression can lead to an enhancement of the reconstructed images.

14:00         KBE.2  DESIGN OF A MICROWAVE BREAST IMAGING ARRAY COMPOSED OF DUAL-BAND MINIATURIZED ANTENNAS

S. M. Aguilar, M. A. Al-Joumayly, J. D. Shea, N. Behdad, S. C. Hagness, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States

We present a compact dual-band patch antenna array designed for use in a 3-D microwave tomography system for breast imaging. The array is designed for operation within the interstitial space of an MRI patient support platform. This configuration permits scattered-field data acquisition with the breast in the same position as a benchmark MRI scan, thereby enabling precise co-registration with breast MRI. We investigate operating characteristics of the antenna array elements contained in the array using numerical simulations. We demonstrate that dual-band operation of the array is maintained in the presence of an ellipsoidal breast phantom.

14:20         KBE.3  MICROWAVE IMAGING FOR BREAST CANCER DETECTION: COMPARISON OF TOMOGRAPHIC IMAGING ALGORITHMS USING SINGLE-FREQUENCY AND TIME-DOMAIN DATA

T. Rubaek1, A. Fhager1, P. D. Jensen2, J. J. Mohr2, M. Persson1;  1Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden; 2Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark

Still more research groups are promoting microwave imaging as a viable supplement or substitution to more conventional imaging modalities. A widespread approach for microwave imaging of the breast is tomographic imaging in which one seeks to reconstruct the distributions of permittivity and conductivity in the breast. In this paper two nonlinear tomographic algorithm are compared - one is a single-frequency algorithm and the other is a time-domain algorithm.

14:40         KBE.4  ONGOING DEVELOPMENT OF MICROWAVE BREAST IMAGING SYSTEM COMPONENTS

M. Haynes, L. van Nieuwstadt, S. Clarkson, J. Stang, C. Ward, M. Moghaddam, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States

We present ongoing work at the University of Michigan toward the goal of developing a microwave inverse scattering system for breast cancer imaging. The algorithm is built around the Born Iterative Method with a modified cost function allowing inclusion of a priori information. The calibration is based on a new formulation for S-parameter measurements. The liquid matching medium is an oil-water emulsion with high dielectric constant and moderate loss. Last, we designed a wide-band, linear-phase antenna for both frequency and time-domain applications. Finally, we present numeric studies of a CW microwave breast cancer therapy system.

15:00         KBE.5  EFFECTS OF NOISE ON TOMOGRAPHIC BREAST IMAGING

X. Zeng, A. Fhager, M. Persson, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden

Breast tumor detection using microwaves has attracted considerable interests in the last few years. Two main approaches for microwave breast imaging are microwave tomography and radar based imaging. In both approaches, microwave signals are used to illuminate the breast and scattered signals are received at numerous locations. The microwave measurements are subject to noise, which may influence the detection of breast tumor. In this paper, we study the effect of noise on tomographic breast imaging by numerical simulations. A high contrast breast model is considered and the image reconstructions are carried out in time domain using a nonlinear inversion algorithm.

15:20         KBE.6  SAFETY ASSESSMENT OF MICROWAVE BREAST IMAGING TECHNIQUES: A COMPARISON BETWEEN TWO DIFFERENT APPROACHES

V. De Santis, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy;  J. Bourqui, E. C. Fear, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada  

Safety assessment of ultra-wideband (UWB) microwave breast imaging (MBI) techniques is examined in this contribution. Specifically, two different approaches have been applied to evaluate the specific energy absorption (SA) produced by UWB antennas inside realistic breast models. The adopted power levels and pulse repetition periods of the tissue sensing adaptive radar (TSAR) system have been considered to be representative of frequency-swept MBI techniques. Three different unit voltage UWB pulses have been instead envisaged for MBI systems directly based on time-domain measurements. Results indicate that the evaluated SA is below limits prescribed by safety standards.

15:40          Tea/Coffee Break

16:00         KBE.7  FEASIBILITY STUDY OF TUMOR SIZE CLASSIFICATION VIA CONTRAST-ENHANCED UWB BREAST IMAGING A COMPLEX-DOMAIN ANALYSIS

S. Ahmad1, Y. Chen1, P. Kosmas2, W. L. Woo1, S. Dlay1;  1Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; 2King's College London, London, United Kingdom

In this paper, we study the feasibility of contrast-agent-aided ultra-wideband (UWB) microwave imaging for breast lesion size classification by studying received signals in the complex domain. A finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) numerical phantom is employed to simulate electromagnetic (EM) wave propagation inside the breast and extract the reflected waveforms with and without microbubbles in the tumor site. The complex-domain transfer function of differential response is then used to draw the poles-zero plots (PZPs) and Bode plots (BPs), which demonstrate the viability of the proposed method for lesion size categorization.

16:20         KBE.8  IMPROVED CONFOCAL MICROWAVE IMAGING OF THE BREAST USING PATH-DEPENDENT SIGNAL WEIGHTING

M. O'Halloran, M. Glavin, E. Jones, Bioelectronics Cluster, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland

Ultra Wideband radar is one of the most promising emerging technologies for the detection of breast cancer. Confocal Microwave Imaging was developed with the assumption that the breast is dielectrically homogeneous, allowing for the constructive addition of all returns from tumours within the breast. In a dielectrically homogeneous breast, each additional signal adds coherently, resulting in an improved image of tumours present. However, in dielectrically heterogeneous breasts, not all channels are equal. Therefore, the traditional CMI beamformer must be redesigned to reward channels with an unobscured view of a particular voxel within the breast, while also preserving antenna spatial diversity.

16:40         KBE.9  AN EXPERIMENTAL MICROWAVE IMAGING SYSTEM FOR BREAST TUMOR DETECTION ON LAYERED PHANTOM MODEL

I. Unal1, B. Turekten2, K. Surmeli2, C. Canbay1;  1Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey; 2TUBITAK-BILGEM-UEKAE, Istanbul, Turkey

In this paper, the microwave imaging system currently being developed and realized at the Scientific and Technological Research Council-BILGEM, is introduced. A stacked patch antenna has been designed, fabricated and tested in operation in the experimental setup consisting of a spectrum analyzer (with vector network analysis option) and a planarly layered breast phantom model with tumor. Images are successfully obtained by using scattering electromagnetic waves from the tumor (S11). We were able to detect the elastic tumor model with 2 cm diameter by using so many frequency and position dependent raw datas.

17:00          End of the Session

J02 – Low Frequency Radio Astronomy II

Session Chairs: Joe Lazio, Yashwant Gupta, Anthony Beasley

Session     J02

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Monday, August 15, 14:40-17:20

Room        Marmara

14:40         J02.1  THE LONG WAVELENGTH ARRAY: RESULTS FROM THE FIRST STATION AND FUTURE PROSPECTS

G. B. Taylor, UNM, Albuquerque, NM, United States

The Long Wavelength Array (LWA) will be a new multi-purpose radio telescope operating in the frequency range 10-88 MHz. Scientific programs include pulsars, supernova remnants, general transient searches, radio recombination lines, solar and Jupiter bursts, investigations into the "dark ages" using redshifted hydrogen, and ionospheric phenomena. The first LWA station, LWA1, has just come-on line demonstrating the success of the LWA design concept. Additional information about the LWA is online at http://lwa.unm.edu. Partners in the LWA project include LANL, JPL, NRAO, NRL, UNM, NMT, and Virginia Tech.

15:00         J02.2  LOFAR: LESSONS FROM ITS DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

M. P. van Haarlem, R. C. Vermeulen, A. Gunst, ASTRON - Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Dwingeloo, Netherlands

LOFAR is a new radio telescope with 40 stations in the Netherlands and a further 8 in Germany, France, Sweden and the UK. It operates in the 30-240 MHz frequency range using unique and innovative techniques, many of which will find their way in future telescopes such as the SKA. With the construction of LOFAR almost complete we look back at its design and construction as well as the ongoing commissioning phase, and draw some conclusions on both successes and disappointments encountered along the way.

15:20         J02.3  THE EXPANDED VERY LARGE ARRAY LOW BAND UPGRADE

T. E. Clarke1, R. A. Perley2, N. E. Kassim1, B. C. Hicks1, F. N. Owen2, S. Durand2, C. Kutz2, M. Pospieszalski3, K. W. Weiler1, T. L. Wilson1;  1Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, United States; 2National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Socorro, NM, United States; 3National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, VA, United States

The EVLA upgrade will enable full frequency coverage between 1 and 50 GHz. The legacy 74 and 330 MHz low frequency receivers have been largely decommissioned by compatibility issues with the new EVLA digital electronics. We describe an EVLA Low Band initiative to replace the existing narrow band receivers with a new low-noise, broadband system covering 66 to 470 MHz. The bandwidth at 74 MHz will increase by more than an order of magnitude while the 330 MHz bandwidth increases by a factor of 6. The initial deployment of the system will use the current limited bandwidth feeds.

15:40          Tea/Coffee Break

16:00         J02.4  LOW FREQUENCY APERTURE ARRAY DEVELOPMENTS FOR PHASE 1 SKA

J. G. Bij de Vaate1,2, E. D. Lera Acedo3, G. Virone4, A. Jiwani2, N. Razavi3, F. Perini5, K. Zarb-Adami6, J. Monari5, S. Padhi2, G. Addamo4, O. Peverini4, S. Montebugnoli5, A. Gunst1,7, P. Hall2, A. Faulkner3, A. V. Ardenne1;  1ASTRON, Dwingeloo, Netherlands; 2ICRAR, Perth, Australia; 3University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; 4CNR-EIIT, Torino, Italy; 5IRA-INAF, Bologna, Italy; 6University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; 7University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

Aperture Arrays (AA) mark a new era in radio astronomy combining high sensitivity with a large field-of-view, enabling very high survey and imaging speeds. This paper describes the development of low frequency aperture arrays leading up to SKA phase 1 within the Aperture Array Verification Program (AAVP) as part of the SKA program.

16:20         J02.5  DEEP LARGE AREA SKY SURVEYS AT METRE WAVELENGTHS USING GMRT - SOME CHALLENGES

S. K. Sirothia, National Centre for Radio Astrophysics - Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Pune, India

We have been studying several fields (like ELAIS-N1, GOODS-N/S, AKARI deep field) and making their deep images at metre wavelengths using the GMRT. We are also carrying out, TIFR GMRT Sky Survey (TGSS). TGSS is radio continuum survey at 150 MHz, covering about 32000 sq. deg of the sky north of declination of -30 degrees and with typical rms noise of 7 mJy/beam at an angular resolution of about 20 arcsec. We describe some challenges and ways we tackle them for making these deep large area sky surveys at metre wavelengths using GMRT.

16:40         J02.6  THE MURCHISON WIDEFIELD ARRAY: A STATUS REPORT

M. F. Morales1, J. N. Hewitt2, B. Hazelton1, C. L. Williams2;  1University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; 2Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States

The Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) is a low-frequency radio array under construction in Western Australia by a collaboration of U.S., Australian and Indian institutions. Science goals require a wide field of view, a large collecting area, and many antenna elements. The design involves 500 small, dipole phased arrays ('tiles") with about 10,000 square meters of aggregate collecting area, and cross-correlation of all pairs. A 32-tile prototype array is currently in operation at the Murchison Radio Observatory in the radio-quiet environment of the Western Australian outback. Initial scientific observations with the prototype are in progress.

17:00         J02.7  A NEW HELIOGRAPH OF THE UTR-2 RADIO TELESCOPE: DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE

A. A. Koval, A. A. Konovalenko, A. A. Stanislavsky, Institute of Radio Astronomy, Kharkiv, Ukraine

A new instrument dedicated to observations of the outer corona of the Sun has been put in operation since 2010. It is based on the antenna system of UTR-2 radio telescope (Institute of Radio Astronomy, Kharkov, Ukraine). This radioheliograph is capable of producing two-dimensional brightness distribution images of the solar corona in the frequency range 8 - 33 MHz. At present this is the only instrument of its kind in the world in the above-mentioned frequency range for regular observations of the Sun. Included in this report is a description of the instrument construction and its some features.

17:20          End of the Session

CD – Advanced RF Integrated Circuits

Session Chairs: Nobuyuki Itoh, Shoichi Narahashi

Session     CD

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Monday, August 15, 16:00-17:20

Room        Dolmabahçe A

16:00         CD.1  A MICROSTRIP AMPLIFIER DESIGN SUBJECT TO THE TRANSISTOR PERFORMANCE LIMITATIONS

F. Gunes, S. Demirel, Yýldýz Technical University, Istanbul, TURKEY

This paper presents synthesis of the microstrip matching circuits to be used at the input and/or output ports of the low-noise transistor. In this synthesis, input matching circuit matches the given generator impedance to the optimum noise impedance of the transistor while the output matching circuit matches the receiver impedance to the load impedance of the transistor which provides the available maximum gain within the maximum potential bandwidth at the expense of the minimum mismatching at the input port. A worked example is given all the details.

16:20         CD.2  EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT OF POWER AMPLIFIERS WITHOUT DEGRADED LINEARITY USING A NEW TOPOLOGY AND CONTROL METHOD

A. Ronaghzadeh, &. Demir, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey

This paper presents a medium-power amplifier design method with two transistors of the same type in parallel. Using this technique two amplifiers were designed in class AB at 2.4 GHz. It is demonstrated that by careful selection of the transistor and dynamically tuning the gate bias of the individual devices and output matching of the whole amplifier according to input drive level, an increase of about 40% in PAE is achieved at 7 dB back-off from the P1dB of the class AB amplifier employing a fixed bias and matching network and giving the same maximum output power.

16:40         CD.3  DESIGN OF HIGH POWER S-BAND GAN MMIC POWER AMPLIFIERS FOR WIMAX APPLICATIONS

O. Cengiz, O. Kelekci, G. O. Arican, E. Ozbay, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey;  O. Palamutcuogullari, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey  

This paper reports two different S band GaN MMIC PA designs for WiMAX applications. First PA has a 42.6 dBm output power with a 55%PAE @ 3.5 GHz and 16 dB small signal gain in the 3.2-3.8 GHz frequency range. When two of these MMICs were combined by using off-chip Lange Couplers, 45.3 dBm output power with a 45%PAE @3.5Ghz and 16 dB small signal gain were obtained with less than 0.2 dB gain ripple in the 3.3-3.8 GHz frequency range.

17:00         CD.4  ON FURTHER DISCUSSION OF BARKHAUSEN CRITERION

S. Chatterjee, Kanailal Vidyamandir (Fr Section), Chandernagore, West Bengal, India;  B. N. Biswas, S. Pal, Sir J. C. Bose School of Engineering, Mankundu, Mankundu, Hooghly, West Benga, India  

It has been pointed out that Barkhausen criterion cannot be used as a general oscillation condition, to evaluate (1) growth of oscillation, (2) steady state amplitude of oscillation in terms of circuit and active device parameters and (3) to as certain amplitude and frequency stability of oscillation, (4) to audit the nature of oscillation whether it is soft-self or hard-self excited. Here it has been shown that all these limitations can be over come through clubbing of quasi-state and quasi-linearization techniques and modified Barkhausen criterion can also be applied to four terminal and two terminal oscillators.

17:20          End of the Session


 

A03 – Time Scale

Session Chair: P. Tavella

Session     A03

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Tuesday, August 16, 08:00-12:00

Room        Dolmabahçe C

08:00         A03.1  STATUS OF UTC/TAI

F. Arias, G. Panfilo, G. Petit, BIPM, Sevres, France

This article presents how timescales are established and maintained at the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM), on the basis of international cooperation. We describe the characteristics of International Atomic Time (TAI) and Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and the main features of the methods used for their calculation.

08:20         A03.2  THE ROLE OF THE ITU-R IN TIME SCALE DEFINITION

R. L. Beard, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington,D.C., United States

The ITU is the leading United Nations agency for Radio and Telecommunications coordination worldwide. Frequency spectrum utilization is managed through Radio Conferences and Study Groups. An important aspect of spectrum utilization is the underlying coordination established by the broadcast international time scale used throughout the world. This international time scale is Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) defined by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU-R) as a stepped atomic time scale enabling UT1 to be recovered from UTC. Todays systems utilize continuous timing consequently deliberations have been ongoing within the ITU-R on modifying UTC to be a continuous time scale.

08:40         A03.3  OVERVIEW OF JAPAN STANDARD TIME GENERATION

Y. Hanado, F. Nakagawa, H. Ito, K. Imamura, M. Hosokawa, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Tokyo, Japan

National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT) generates and supplies Japan Standard Time (JST). JST is made from an average atomic time which is calculated by using 18 commercial Cs atomic clocks. In this calculation, there are some original methods in estimating clock rate and clock weighting. The actual signal of JST is generated by realization of this average atomic time. In this process, frequency control method was optimized recently and frequency stability of JST has been largely improved.

09:00         A03.4  MERGING MASER AND CESUIM CLOCKS IN TIMESCALES

D. Matsakis, US Naval Observatory, Washington, DC, United States;  G. Panfilo, BIPM, Paris, France  

A variety of ways exist to combine clocks with different characteristics in a timescale. A Kalman Filter could assign different phase, frequency, and frequency drift process noises to the different clock types. In this paper we use an ensemble of cesium and maser clocks to construct a timescale that is based upon an average of masers that are detrended against a cesium-only frequency scale, and also one which is based upon an average of masers being steered to the cesium timescale. Different ensemble algorithms will be compared.

09:20          Tea/Coffee Break

09:40         A03.5  REAL-TIME GENERATION OF THE SIM TIME SCALE (SIMT) FROM INTERNATIONAL CLOCK COMPARISONS

J. M. Lopez R.1, M. A. Lombardi2, A. N. Novick2, F. Jimenez1, N. Diaz-Munoz1, E. de Carlos Lopez1, J.-S. Boulanger3, R. Pelletier3, R. de Carvalho4, R. Solis5, H. Sanchez6, L. C. Hernandez Forero7, J. Gordon8, D. Perez9, E. Bances10, L. Trigo11, V. Masi12, H. Postigo13, A. Questelles14, A. Gittens15, R. Ramos P.16;  1Centro Nacional de Metrologa (CENAM), Quertaro, Mexico; 2National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, United States; 3National Research Council, Ottawa, Canada; 4National Observatory, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; 5Centro Nacional de Metrologa de Panam, Panama City, Panama; 6Instituto Costarricense de Electricidad, San Jose, Costa Rica; 7Superintendencia de Industria y Comercio, Bogota, Colombia; 8Bureau of Standards Jamaica, Kingston, Jamaica; 9Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Industrial, Buenos Aires, Argentina; 10Laboratorio Nacional de Metrologia, Guatemala City, Guatemala; 11Administracin Nacional De Usinas Y Trasmisiones Electricas, Montevideo, Uruguay; 12Instituto Tecnologia y Normalizacin, Asuncion, Paraguay; 13Instituto Nacional de Defensa de la Competencia y de la Proteccin de la Propiedad Intelectual, Lima, Peru; 14Trinidad and Tobago Bureau of Standards, Macoya, Trinidad and Tobago; 15Saint Lucia Bureau of Standards, Castries, Saint Lucia; 16University of Concepcin, Concepcion, Chile

The Sistema Interamericano de Metrologia (SIM) is one of the worlds five major regional metrology organizations (RMOs). It includes the national metrology institutes (NMIs) of the 34 nations of the Organization of American States (OAS). The SIM time network (SIMTN) continuously compares the time standards of SIM NMIs and produce measurement results in real-time by utilizing the Internet and the Global Positioning System (GPS). The SIMTN data are used for the real-time generation of an international time scale called SIMT. This paper provides a brief overview of the SIMTN and the SIMT.

10:00         A03.6  CURRENT STATUS OF THE FRENCH ATOMIC TIME SCALES TA(F) AND UTC(OP)

P. Uhrich, M. Abgrall, D. Valat, LNE-SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, Paris, France

Two atomic time scales are currently generated by LNE-SYRTE: the French Atomic Time TA(F) and UTC(OP). TA(F) has been recently improved by the steering on Primary Frequency Standards, remaining close to the SI second within 1.8 x 10-15. A new UTC(OP) will be based on one Hydrogen Maser, steered on an ensemble clock, in addition to a steering on the laboratory PFS. First operational results are showing that staying within 30 ns from UTC should be feasible.

10:20         A03.7  ALGORITHM AND PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS OF NEW TIME SCALE OF NPLI

P. P. Thorat, P. Banerjee, National physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India

National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi (NPLI) has been maintaining time scale UTC (NPLI) with only one cesium atomic clock. NPLI has recently developed an automatic intercomparison system for the development of better time scale combining all its five clocks. A new algorithm has also been developed for this purpose. Using this algorithm, the analysis has been done based on the preliminary measurement data. Algorithm seems to produce encouraging results. This paper elaborates the algorithm and presents the analytical observations

10:40         A03.8  TIMING IN TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS

J. Levine, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado, United States

I describe the statistical considerations used to design systems whose clocks are compared using dial-up telephone lines or the Internet. The comparison is usually used to synchronize the time of a client system to the time of a server or to a national time scale. The design includes a dynamic estimate of the system performance and a comparison between the performance and the required stability based on external considerations. The algorithm adjusts the parameters of the algorithm to realize the specified performance at minimal cost, where the cost is proportional to the inverse of the polling interval.

11:00         A03.9  THE NEW TIME AND FREQUENCY LABORATORY FOR THE SARDINIA RADIO TELESCOPE

R. Ambrosini1, P. Bolli2, F. Gaudiomonte2, F. Messina2, M. Roma1;  1Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Bologna, Italy; 2Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Cagliari, Italy

A time laboratory was established at the Astronomical Observatory of Cagliari more than one century ago, aimed for time-tagging scientific observations. At present, this laboratory is facing up a deep refurbishment in order to cope with the much tighter specifications on phase noise, time resolution, and frequency stability required by the new scientific applications planned for the Sardinia Radio Telescope. As a result of the participation to millimeter Very Long Baseline Interferometry and pulsar timing experiments of SRT, the new Time and Frequency laboratory will be called to provide extremely low phase noise and highly stable frequency references.

11:20         A03.10  A DIGITAL TIME SCALE AT THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY

S. Romisch, S. R. Jefferts, T. E. Parker, NIST, Boulder, CO, United States

An integrated time scale has as primary data a unit of duration (time interval) defined by atomic standards according to the definition of the SI second. The availability of more than one atomic standard allows for averaging, thereby improving the performance of the time scale with respect to each of the atomic standards (clocks). The measurement of time differences between the different clocks is at the core of a time scale. A novel approach to the measurement of time differences has been developed at NIST and will be compared with the present commercial state-of-the-art.

11:40         A03.11  SATELLITE CLOCKS CHARACTERIZATION AND MONITORING FOR GLOBAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEMS

A. Cernigliaro1,2, I. Sesia1;  1National Institute of Metrological Research (INRIM), Turin, Italy; 2Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy

In Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) the users position is determined measuring the time of flight of the signals broadcast from satellites and therefore it is fundamental to have precise and stable atomic clocks on board. The clock behaviour has hence to be continuously monitored and any malfunctioning has to be detected immediately to ensure the adequacy to the positioning service. This paper will describe the main methodologies for validation of on board clocks and their implementation in a robust software used at INRIM in the framework of the European project Galileo.

12:00          End of the Session

B03 – Hybrid Methods (in memory of Robert G. Kouyoumjian)

Session Chairs: Prabhakar Pathak, Giuliano Manara

Session     B03

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Tuesday, August 16, 08:00-12:00

Room        Anadolu Auditorium

08:00         B03.1  THE CONTRIBUTION OF PROF. ROBERT KOUYOUMJIAN TO EDGE DIFFRACTION AND FIELD TRANSITION AT AND NEAR SHADOW BOUNDARIES USING UTD

C. A. Balanis, Department of Electrical Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States

The development of the Kouyoumjian & Pathak UTD diffraction coefficient will be summarized. Applications of the UTD on basic and complex structures (from ground planes to airframes), based on my own personal experience, will be presented and the impact of the K & P UTD diffractions coefficient will be highlighted.

08:20         B03.2  A UNIFORM GEOMETRICAL THEORY OF DIFFRACTION (UTD) FOR CURVED EDGES ILLUMINATED BY ELECTROMAGNETIC BEAMS

P. H. Pathak, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States;  Y. Kim, Loral, Palo Alto, Calif., United States  

A UTD is presented for an arbitrary curved perfectly conducting wedge when it is illuminated by an electromagnetic (EM) complex source beam or even an astigmatic Gaussian beam. The UTD solution is developed from a generalization of the asymptotic high frequency solutions to appropriate canonical problems involving the diffraction of complex source beams by a straight wedge with planar faces that are perfect electrical conductors (PECs). Here, one cannot simply assume, apriori, the use of analytic continuation of the well known UTD for curved edges given previously for real sources to directly furnish the result for complex sources (beams).

08:40         B03.3  THE JOY OF UNDERSTANDING RAY TECHNIQUES AND UNIFORM THEORIES IN EM SCATTERING: I OBSERVED THE KELLERS CONE AT A HOTEL!

Y. Rahmat-Samii, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), LosAngeles, United States

It is with utmost gratitude that I present this invited paper at this 2011 General Assembly session dedicated to the memory and professional life of Prof. Kouyoumjian. He touched the technical life of almost everyone who dealt with the high frequency diffraction techniques. His work on UTD has secured his position as one our most celebrated researcher in our community. In this presentation I would like to re-visit Kellers diffraction theory and various uniform theories. Additionally, I would like to share an interesting recent experience on the observation of Kellers cone.

09:00         B03.4  A SURVEY ON THE EXTENSION OF THE UTD TO THE ANALYSIS OF INHOMOGENEOUS PLANE WAVE DIFFRACTION

G. Manara, P. Nepa, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

The extension of the Uniform Geometrical Theory of Diffraction (UTD) to the analysis of inhomogeneous plane wave diffraction is reviewed. The two-dimensional solution for the scattering of inhomogeneous plane waves by a perfectly conducting wedge in a lossless medium is introduced. This solution is then extended to account for dissipative losses in the medium surrounding the wedge, as well as non perfectly conducting wedges. Suitable expressions for the fields are also found in the more general three-dimensional case, for arbitrary polarization. Finally, suitable UTD expressions for calculating electromagnetic scattering from polygonal cylinders buried in lossy media are provided.

09:20          Tea/Coffee Break

09:40         B03.5  CONVERGENCE OF A FULLY OVERLAPPING DOMAIN DECOMPOSITION METHOD

T. Peng, K. Sertel, J. L. Volakis, ElectroScience Laboratory, Columbus, OH, United States

A fully overlapping domain decomposition method (DDM) is proposed for finite element modeling of small features within large domains. The approach decouples the fine mesh associated with antenna details from that of the background domain. This allows for unstructured meshing, providing great flexibility in designing in situ antennas. Another advantage of this algorithm is its faster convergence as compared to traditional non-overlapping domain decomposition methods of the same order. This is due to the smaller iteration matrix eigenspectrum. In this paper, the accuracy of the fully overlapping domain decomposition method is presented with h-refinement analysis.

10:00         B03.6  RECENT ADVANCES IN THE INCREMENTAL THEORY OF DIFFRACTION FOR COMPLEX SOURCE POINT ILLUMINATION

A. Toccafondi, Universit di Siena, Siena, Italy;  S. M. Canta, D. Erricolo, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA  

We discuss some recent advances in the incremental formulation for the field diffracted by edges in perfect electric conductor (PEC) objects illuminated by a CSP expansion, with application to the analysis of large reflectors. A significant augmentation of the CSP PO estimate is achieved by including along the structure's edges both a line integration of an incremental fringe field and an incremental double-diffraction field. The addition of these incremental field terms provides the correct estimation of the radiated field.

10:20         B03.7  HYBRID METHODS BASED ON GENERALIZED SCATTERING MATRICES

E. Martini, C. Della Giovampaola, A. Toccafondi, S. Maci, University of Siena, Siena, Italy

A general hybrid technique based on generalized scattering matrices is presented. The analysis domain is decomposed into separate subdomains, which are independently studied and characterized by a generalized scattering matrix, where ports are associated with a set of wave objects. The interactions among subdomains are described by proper subdomain connections. Two particular implementations are illustrated, where wave objects are complex point source beams (CPS) and spherical waves, respectively. The first choice leads to an efficient numerical procedure due to the angular selectivity of the CPS beams, the second one has the advantage of direct interfaceability with spherical near-field measurements

10:40         B03.8  NUMERICAL COMPUTATION OF CORNER DIFFRACTION COEFFICIENTS FOR A PLANE ANGULAR SECTOR

A. K. Ozturk, ASELSAN Inc., Ankara, Turkey;  R. Paknys, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada  

Numerical diffraction coefficients are derived for vertex-diffracted currents on a semi-infinite plane angular sector. The currents are defined as the difference between the exact and PTD currents. The difference current is formulated as a wave traveling away from the vertex with unknown amplitude and decay factors. The unknown factors are calculated by using least squares fit. The discontinuities of the current density along the shadow boundaries are removed by the vertex-diffracted currents. It is also demonstrated that vertex-diffracted currents provide a remarkable improvement in the accuracy of the RCS pattern in the low level regions.

11:00         B03.9  LAST PHD SUPERVISED BY PROFESSOR KOUYOUMJIAN: EXTENDED UTD BY DR. BUYUKDURA

A. Altintas, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey

While he is a Professor Emeritus at Ohio State, Professor Kouyoumjian supervised a thesis work by Merih Buyukdura. They first derived a dyadic Greens function for a PEC wedge using spherical wave functions and employed asymptotic approximation. They also derived the extended UTD in which higher order terms in the diffraction matrix are predicted. The thesis was defended in 1984. In this presentation, a brief discussion of edge waves as derived from the asymptotic expansion of dyadic Greens function in terms of spherical functions will be made and afterwards the derivation of extended UTD diffraction coefficients will be given.

11:20         B03.10  EXACT RADIATION BY A LINE SOURCE LOCATED INSIDE A CONFOCAL ELLIPTIC LAYER OF DNG METAMATERIAL

P. L. E. Uslenghi1, O. Akgol1, V. G. Daniele2, D. Erricolo1;  1University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; 2Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy

The two-dimensional problem of radiation from a line source encased inside an elliptic-cylinder confocal sheath of DNG metamaterial is solved exactly by separation of variables, utilizing series expansions of Mathieu functions. The radiation pattern is studied as a function of frequency, location of the line source along the major axis of the elliptical cavity, and thickness of the confocal sheath. A comparison of the exact solution with the geometrical optics solution of the problem is performed.

11:40         B03.11  A STOCHASTIC EXTENSION OF THE UNIFORM THEORY OF DIFFRACTION ACCOUNTING FOR GEOMETRICAL UNCERTAINTY OR SURFACE AND EDGE ROUGHNESS

F. Puggelli, G. Carluccio, G. Minatti, M. Albani, University of Siena, Siena, Italy

We present a stochastic extension of the Uniform Theory of Diffraction (UTD) which is capable to account for some uncertainty in the objects position or geometry, including roughness of surfaces or edges. Namely, we derive a solution for the electromagnetic field scattered by a perfectly conducting wedge whose faces are described as a statistical perturbation of a standard flat wedge. We give a uniform closed form expressions for the evaluation of the main statistical moments of the total electric field. The proposed statistical UTD formulation is suitable for engineering applications which involve UTD ray based codes.

12:00          End of the Session

CB – Antenna Channel Interactions for Future Wireless Communications

Session Chairs: Buon Kiong Lau, Koichi Ogawa

Session     CB

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Tuesday, August 16, 08:00-10:20

Room        Dolmabahçe A

08:00         CB.1  DESIGN OF WIDE ANGLE REFLECTION REFLECTARRAY USING MULTI-LAYER MUSHROOM STRUCTURE TO IMPROVE PROPAGATION

T. Maruyama, K. Furuno, Y. Oda, J. Shen, N. Tran, H. Kayama, NTT DOCOMO, INC., Kanagawa, Japan

This paper proposes a multi-layer mushroom reflectarray to achieve a wide angle of reflection (AOR) reflectarray at a super high frequency that can be used to improve the Multiple-In-Multiple-Out capacity in a line-of-sight environment. The paper also presents a detailed design chart to satisfy the desired AOR by applying LC resonant circuit theory. A 70 degree-AOR reflectarray at 11 GHz is designed and the proposed reflectarray exhibits good performance based on Finite Element Method calculations.

08:20         CB.2  PRACTICAL MULTI-ANTENNA TERMINALS IN LTE SYSTEM PERFORMANCE SIMULATIONS

F. Athley, L. Manholm, J. Friden, A. Stjernman, Ericsson AB, Gothenburg, Sweden

In cellular radio network simulations the modeling of terminal antennas is often extremely simplified. In this paper the impact of using realistic terminal antennas in LTE system simulations is investigated. Simulation results using measured radiation patterns of a number of typical multi-antenna terminals are compared with results using an ideal antenna model. The results show that the impact is weak in a scenario with high intercell interference while a substantial performance degradation can be observed in a scenario with low interference. An analysis of relations between antenna properties and system performance is also presented.

08:40         CB.3  EFFECTS OF HANDS ON THE 4-BRANCH MRC DIVERSITY GAIN FOR TERRESTRIAL DIGITAL BROADCASTING PORTABLE TV

K. Ogawa, K. Honda, Toyama University, Toyama, Japan

This paper studies on effects of hands on the diversity gain for a 4-branch MRC implemented in terrestrial digital broadcasting TV. Firstly, using a four-element dipole array, the relationship between decrease in the diversity gain and reduction of the receive power, and decrease in the diversity gain and the number of branches to be reduced received power, was investigated. Then, a simple method of predicting the diversity gain under the power imbalance condition is given. Finally, the proposed method is confirmed by the analysis using a model of a portable digital broadcasting TV set held with both hands.

09:00         CB.4  ANGLE AND POLARIZATION DIVERSITY IN COMPACT DUAL-ANTENNA TERMINALS WITH CHASSIS EXCITATION

H. Li1,2, B. K. Lau1, S. He2;  1Lund University, Lund, Sweden; 2Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden

For multiple antennas on a compact terminal chassis, chassis current excitation can severely increase mutual coupling between the antennas. This is because the same characteristic mode of the chassis may be strongly excited by more than one antenna. Here, we propose to use one antenna that exploits chassis excitation and introduce a second antenna that minimizes chassis excitation. In this way, angle and polarization diversity can be realized. The concept is illustrated and verified through the design of a practical dual-antenna prototype at 920 MHz, which achieves an isolation of over 30 dB and total efficiencies of above 80%.

09:20          Tea/Coffee Break

09:40         CB.5  MULTI-ANTENNA DECOUPLING TECHNIQUE EXPLOITING MISO CHANNEL ON NEIGHBORING ANTENNAS

N. Honma1, K. Shishido1, K. Nishimori2, Y. Tsunekawa1;  1Iwate University, Morioka, Japan; 2Niigata University, Niigata, Japan

In this paper, a novel decoupling technique suitable for a compact array antenna is proposed. In this technique, an orthogonal excitation weight in MISO channel between 2x1 antennas are utilized. The simulation results demonstrate the excellent isolation and matching characteristics can be obtained when the proposed decoupling technique is applied to a compact three inverted-F array. Also, the proposed technique offers high radiation efficiency over the broad bandwidth.

10:00         CB.6  DESIGN OF COMPACT SINGLE-SECTION DIRECTIONAL COUPLER FOR BUTLER MATRIX BEAM-FORMING MIMO

N. Seman, D. N. Abang Zaidel, S. K. Abdul Rahim, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

This paper demonstrates a new design of 3-dB coupler operating between 3.1 GHz and 10.6 GHz. Together with UWB phase shifter, this coupler is claimed to be one of the key factors in designing a Butler Matrix for a beamforming network. The arrangement between beamforming and multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) can broaden the coverage and capacity of users for wireless communication system. The proposed coupler design was accomplished in multilayer microstrip-slot technology by employing broadside coupling technique which offers a very tight coupling of 3 dB over the designated frequency band.

10:20          End of the Session

D03 – Lasers

Session Chairs: Alphan Sennaroglu, U. Morgner

Session     D03

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Tuesday, August 16, 08:00-12:00

Room        Dolmabahçe B

08:00         D03.1  GENERATION OF FEW-OPTICAL-CYCLE PULSES TUNABLE FROM THE NEAR TO THE FAR IR BY OPTICAL PARAMETRIC AMPLIFIERS

D. Brida1,2, C. Manzoni1, R. Huber2, A. Leitenstorfer2, G. Cerullo1;  1Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy; 2University ok Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany

We exploit different optical parametric amplification schemes to generate ultra-broadband pulses with J-level energy broadly tunable from the near to the far-IR spectral region. In all cases we approach the single optical cycle limit with suitable compression techniques. Such pulses enable ultrafast spectroscopy on a variety of systems with unprecedented temporal resolution.

08:20         D03.2  NONLINEARITY ENGINEERING OF MODE-LOCKED FIBER LASERS: SIMILARITON AND SOLITON- SIMILARITON LASERS

F. O. Ilday, B. Oktem, C. Ulgudur, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey

Fiber lasers are attractive with their simplicity, high powers and low cost. However, propagation of short pulses in optical fiber leads to nonlinear effects, which limit the technical performance. These effects drive rich dynamics, which is interesting from a fundamental perspective. The nonlinear waves community has unraveled the fascinating world of solitons and similaritons through experiments in fibers. This paper overviews the recent development of the soliton-similariton laser. The original similariton laser was the first to work with nonlinear effects, rather than minimizing or compensating them. In the soliton-similariton laser, the propagation is strongly nonlinear everywhere.

08:40         D03.3  FEMTOSECOND SOURCES FOR OPTICAL ARBITRARY WAVEFORM GENERATION

E. P. Ippen, D. Chao, A. Benedick, M. Y.-L. Sander, J. L. Morse, G. Chang, G. S. Petrich, L. A. Kolodziejski, F. X. Kaertner, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States

Advances in high repetition-rate femtosecond laser technology for optical arbitrary waveform generation will be described. Combs spanning two octaves, from 500nm to 2mm, based on GHz modelocked Ti:sapphire and erbium-fiber lasers, have been carrier-envelope stabilized and frequency referenced.

09:00         D03.4  RECENT PROGRESS IN CARBON NANOTUBE SATURABLE ABSORBERS FOR ULTRAFAST BULK SOLID-STATE LASERS

F. Rotermund, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea, South Korea

Carbon nanotubes are one of the most investigated nanomaterials due to their unique electric and optical properties. In recent years, the nonlinear optical characteristics were intensively investigated not only for electronic, but also for photonic applications. In this work, recent progress in novel saturable absorbers based on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) applicable for passive mode-locking of ultrafast bulk solid-state lasers is reviewed. Important linear and nonlinear optical characteristics of SWCNT saturable absorbers and their application as ultrafast mode-locking devices for different bulk lasers in the spectral range between 800 and 2000 nm will be shown.

09:20          Tea/Coffee Break

09:40         D03.5  ASYNCHRONOUS OPTICAL SAMPLING WITH GHZ REPETITION RATE FEMTOSECOND LASERS FOR HIGH PRECISION TERAHERTZ SPECTROSCOPY

T. Dekorsy, G. Klatt, R. Gebs, C. Janke, A. Barteks, University Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany

We report a terahertz time-domain spectrometer with 6THz spectral coverage and 1GHz resolution based on high-speed asynchronous optical sampling (ASOPS). ASOPS employs two femtosecond lasers with 1GHz repetition rate which are stabilized to a repetition rate off-set frequency of 2kHz. The time delay between pump pulses exciting a photoconductive THz emitter and probe pulses is scanned without a mechanical delay stage. The timing jitter between pump and probe pulses is reduced to 40fs over the full scan range. We demonstrate the capabilities of ASOPS for gas spectroscopy and the characterization of frequency selective surfaces.

10:00         D03.6  ULTRASHORT PULSE AMPLIFICATION IN FIBERS: CHALLENGES, STATUS AND POTENTIAL

J. Limpert, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany

The recent demonstration of rare-earth-doped fiber lasers with a continuous-wave output power approaching the 10 kW-level with diffraction-limited beam quality has proven that fiber lasers constitute a power-scalable solid-state laser concept. To generate intense pulses from a fiber several fundamental limitations have to be overcome. Nevertheless, novel experimental strategies and fiber designs offer an enormous potential towards ultrafast laser systems with high average powers (>kW) and high peak power (>GW). The challenges, achievements and perspectives of ultrashort pulse generation and amplification in fibers will be reviewed.

10:20         D03.7  FEMTOSECOND NON-DIFFRACTING BESSEL BEAMS AND CONTROLLED NANOSCALE ABLATION

J. M. Dudley, FEMTO-ST, Besancon, France

We review our recent results applying the stable nonlinear propagation of nondiffracting Bessel beams to femtosecond laser ablation in dielectric materials. We describe our spatial light modulator setup that allows for flexible and reconfigurable beam profile synthesis, we interpret the physics in terms of the formation of a steady plasma channel, and we present results of both multishot and single shot machining.

10:40         D03.8  TRIPLE PHOTONS : FROM NONLINEAR GENERATION TO QUANTUM CORRELATIONS

B. Boulanger1, A. Dot1, K. Bencheikh2, A. Levenson2, P. Segonds1, C. Felix1;  1CNRS Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble, France; 2CNRS, Marcoussis, France

We implemented an experiment using a KTP crystal pumped at 532 nm that allowed the first generation of triple photons. It corresponds to the creation of three correlated photons from the splitting of a single photon from a pure third order down conversion parametric process. We gave prominence to the experimental and theoretical demonstrations of quantum correlations of these triple photons. We considered several protocols, including the recombination of the three photons and the three possible recombinations by pairs. These original results open the way to new fundamental quantum optics studies that should have applications in quantum information and cryptography.

11:00         D03.9  OPTICAL PHENOMENA AND DYNAMICS IN ORGANIC MICROCAVITY LASER

O. Shapira, S.-L. Chua, B. Zhen, M. Soljacic, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States

Formalism for the interaction of organic molecules with a microstructure cavity is presented. We study the effect of emission and absorption properties of organic molecules in a micro-structured cavity on lasing condition. The formalism is based on coupled-mode theory and provides analytical expression for steady state operation. This study suggests routes to obtain an ultra-low threshold organic laser that can ultimately pave the way to development of an electro-luminescent solid-state organic laser device.

11:20         D03.10  A TABLETOP MID-IR LIGHT SOURCE FOR THE GENERATION OF SUB-1-NM COHERENT ULTRAFAST X-RAYS

S. Ališauskas, G. Andriukaitis, T. Balčiūnas, A. Pugžlys, A. Baltuska, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria;  T. Popmintchev, M.-C. Chen, D. Popmintchev, M. Murnane, H. Kapteyn, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA  

We demonstrate a compact 20-Hz-repetition-rate mid-IR OPCPA system operating at the central wavelength of 3900 nm with an FWHM bandwidth of 600 nm and delivering 8-mJ pulses that are compressed to 83 fs (< 7 optical cycles). Because of the long optical period (~13 fs) and a high peak power, the system opens a range of unprecedented opportunities for tabletop ultrafast science and is particularly attractive as a driver for a highly efficient generation of ultrafast coherent X ray continua for bio-molecular and element-specific imaging. In a preliminary experiment, we extend the spectral region of a fully phase-matched higher order harmonic generation to 1.6 keV which provides a significant photon flux inside and beyond the X-ray water window, including the fingerprint region of magnetic Ledges. This is the most extreme documented nonlinear frequency conversion corresponding to the harmonic order of >5000 and the broadest continuum reported to date for any laser source.

11:40         D03.11  CARBON NANOTUBES BASED PHOTONICS: TOWARDS THE LASER

L. Vivien, N. Izard, E. Gaufrs, X. Le Roux, A. Beck, D. Marris-Morini, E. Cassan, Institut of fundamental electronics - Univ Paris Sud, Orsay, France

Semiconducting single wall carbon nanotubes (s-SWNTs) have generated a growing interest for several years due to their extraordinary optical properties. A strong enhancement of the photoluminescence properties has been obtained thanks to the extraction of s-SWNTs. These advances led to the first demonstration of optical gain in carbon nanotubes and are a precursor to obtain nanotube-based laser. Finally, we will present the integration of s-SWNT in silicon photonic structures, and experimentally demonstrate light emission in silicon waveguides. These results constitute a significant milestone towards the development of carbon nanotube based laser sources in silicon.

12:00          End of the Session

E03 – High Power and Intentional EMI (in memory of Carl E. Baum)

Session Chairs: Frank Sabath, Karl Langenberg, William Radasky

Session     E03

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Tuesday, August 16, 08:00-12:00

Room        Galata

08:00         E03.1  REMEMBERING CARL E. BAUM - TRIBUTE TO A DISTINGUISHED SCIENTIST

F. Sabath, Federal Ministry of Defence, Bonn, Germany;  W. D. Prather, Air Force Research Laboratory, Albuquerque, NM, USA;  D. V. Giri, Pro-Tech, Alamo, CA, USA  

This contribution is a tribute to a completed career that has spanned more than four decades. Dr. Carl E. Baum was a remarkably creative engineer who has introduced innumerable new concepts in mathematics, electromagnetic theory, and system design, many of which remain the standards of excellence today. From his earliest designs in electromagnetic pulse (EMP) sensors and simulators to the latest developments in high-power microwave and ultra- wideband antenna and system design, his research has remained ever on the forefront of technology.

08:20         E03.2  ELECTROMAGNETIC DETECTION IN NATURAL AND MAN-MADE DISASTERS

I. Kohlberg, Kohlberg Associates, Reston, VA, United States;  S. A. von Laven, Scientic, Inc., Huntsville, AL, United States;  R. W. McMillan, U.S. Army Space and Missile Defense Command, Huntsville, AL, United States  

Previously the authors developed a theory for detecting objects through a complex dielectric interface using the mathematical structure of the dyadic Green's function to improve upon existing approximations for predicting the electromagnetic fields generated by and onto canonical structures such as loops and dipoles. By restructuring the dyadic Green's function formalism we have derived simple expressions for scattering objects embedded in the same complex dielectric as the sensor, as well as objects at the dielectric interface and those outside the sensor dielectric region. Examples are given for detection over a conducting surface and for an embedded object.

08:40         E03.3  ENERGY PATTERNS OF THE PROTOTYPE IMPULSE-RADIATING ANTENNA

D. V. Giri, Pro-Tech, Alamo, CA, United States;  F. M. Tesche, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States  

In this paper we consider a reflector-type of an Impulse Radiating Antenna (IRA) as an example of a hyperband antenna. The radiation pattern of an IRA is a strong function of frequency. The lower frequencies of the input pulse have lower gain and large beam-widths, while the higher frequencies have a higher gain and smaller beam-widths. We describe an energy pattern of the IRA, as a simple and unique descriptor of the transient antenna.

09:00         E03.4  DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF A COAXIAL EXPONENTIAL TRANSMISSION LINE FOR A HALF IMPULSE RADIATING ANTENNA

F. Vega1,2, N. Mora1, F. Rachidi1, N. Pea2, F. Roman3;  1Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland; 2Los Andes University, Bogota, DC, Colombia; 3National University, Bogota, DC, Colombia

This paper describes the simulation and design of a coaxial exponential matching transmission line for the connection of a 50-Ohm generator to a Half Impulse Radiating Antenna (HIRA) having an input impedance Za= 100 Ohm. The frequency band of adaptation is defined between 50 MHz and 1 GHz. The principles of design and the simulation of the performance of the adaptor in time and frequency domain are presented and discussed.

09:20          Tea/Coffee Break

09:40         E03.5  GENERATION AND RADIATION OF HIGH-POWER MESOBAND WAVEFORMS USING QUARTER-WAVE SWITCHED OSCILLATORS

J. S. Tyo, M. Armanious, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States;  M. C. Skipper, M. D. Abdalla, ASR Corporation, Albuquerque, NM, USA  

In the late 1990s and early 2000s, Carl Baum proposed the idea of generating moderate bandwidth electromagnetic waveforms using quarter-wave switched oscillators. After his initial conceptual proposition, it took several years to realize these systems, and many lessons were learned along the way. This article captures the details of the modeling and design methodologies that we have developed over the years in order to obtain oscillators with specific characteristics. The design methodology consists of a delicate balance among the pulsed power, electrodynamic, and mechanical considerations, each of which often work against each other in practice.

10:00         E03.6  A SWITCHED OSCILLATOR AS AN ANTENNA FOR HIGH POWER THZ GENERATION

P. Kumar, C. E. Baum, C. G. Christodoulou, C. T. Abdallah, E. Schamiloglu, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States;  D. G. Brown, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, United States;  K. F. McDonald, Sci-Eng Solutions LLC, Columbia, MO, United States  

This paper presents an approach to high power THz generation that uses a Switched Oscillator (SwO) as a photoconductively-switched antenna. A simplified model is used to demonstrate the SwO as an effective THz radiator. Numerical simulations are used to optimize various parameters of interest with the primary objective of maximizing the radiated energy and minimizing lossess. The radiation Q and resonant frequency are obtained as function of each parameter.

10:20         E03.7  USING THE HALF FOURIER TRANSFORM FOR SEM ANALYSIS OF BOTH EARLY AND LATE TIME RESPONSES IN THE PRESENCE OF NOISE

T. Sarkar, Syracuse University, Syracuse, United States;  M. Salazar, University of Carlos III, Madrid, Spain  

A technique for estimating the SEM parameters of damped sinusoids utilizing both early and late time transient scattering data contaminated by noise is described using the Half Fourier Transform (HFT). The importance of this novel methodology is how to simultaneously exploit both early time and late time data as for a practical system it is difficult to separate them and still be able to identify the late time poles along with the early time specular type of returns.

10:40         E03.8  STATISTICAL DESCRIPTION OF SHIELDING PROBLEMS USING MULTIPOLE ANALYSIS

K. Koerber, L. Klinkenbusch, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany

The paper describes the influence of small statistical variations in the physical parameters on the shielding behavior of an enclosure. The varying parameters are given in terms of the first few statistical moments of their distributions. From these the amplitudes of a spherical-multipole expansion are derived analytically. These multipole amplitudes contain the statistical properties of the electromagnetic field valid not only in a single point but in a spherical region around the center of the expansion inside of a shield. Two first examples demonstrate the validity of the approach.

11:00         E03.9  WHAT CAN BE LEARNED FROM DOCUMENTED INTENTIONAL ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE (IEMI) ATTACKS?

F. Sabath, Federal Ministry of Defence, Bonn, Germany

The existing threat by criminal (intentional) use of electromagnetic tools is investigated. Reported Intentional Electromagnetic Interference (IEMI) attacks and similar incidents will be analyzed and discussed in regard to aspects like motivation and technical skills of the culprits, characteristics of the generated IEMI environment as well as effects on the target systems. Concluding common characteristics will lead to a discussion of the technological challenge of recognition and identification of an IEMI attack as well as backtracking of observed malfunction and destructions to an external IEMI environment.

11:20         E03.10  COMBINATION OF THE FAILURE PROBABILITY WITH A RANDOM ANGLE OF INCIDENCE OF THE RADIATED INTERFERENCE

E. Genender, A. Kreth, D. Zamow, H. Garbe, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Hannover, Germany;  S. Potthast, Bundeswehr Research Institute for Protective Technologies and NBC-Protection, Munster, Germany  

Electronic devices exposed to high level electromagnetic interference will fail with a certain probability. Knowing this failure probability is essential when a system is being designed to withstand intentional electromagnetic interference (IEMI). In previous investigations failure probability was analyzed for the case where a device was illuminated from one direction only. If the device is illuminated from other directions, then the failure probability will change. In this contribution it is discussed how the failure probability determined for one direction can be extended in order to include a random angle of incidence of the interference.

11:40         E03.11  AUTOMATED AND ADAPTIVE RF EFFECTS TESTING

E. G. Farr, L. H. Bowen, W. S. Bigelow, Farr Fields, LC, Albuquerque, NM, United States;  R. L. Gardner, Consultant, Alexandria, VA, Unites States;  P. Finlay, Air Force Research Laboratory/RDHA, Kirtland AFB, NM, United States  

Testing electronics for vulnerability to radio frequency (RF) radiation is time-consuming, due to the large number of source variables of interest, including center frequency, pulse width, pulse repetition frequency, number of pulses, and bandwidth. One must intelligently select the source parameters most likely to expose the greatest vulnerability. We do so here using standard techniques from minimization theory. Within a space of two or more variables, we search for the combination that upsets the system at the lowest power or field level. We investigated the vulnerability of media converters to pulsed RF fields, by pinging a remote computer.

12:00          End of the Session

F03 – Tropospheric Modeling for Radiowave Propagation and Radar Remote Sensing

Session Chairs: Robert Watson, Marlene Pontes

Session     F03

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Tuesday, August 16, 08:00-12:00

Room        Haliç

08:00         F03.1  COMPARISON OF RADAR REFLECTIVITY CALCULATIONS TO SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS ACROSS THE MELTING LAYER OF PRECIPITATION

K. Pipis1, M. P. Ioannidou2, D. P. Chrissoulidis1;  1Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece; 2Alexander Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

Calculations of the radar reflectivity factor across the melting layer of precipitation, based on the eccentric spheres model for melting ice particles, successfully reproduce measured data provided by the Precipitation Radar (PR) of the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) satellite. Our model follows TRMM measurements best if the raindrops beneath the melting layer are sized according to the Marshall-Palmer distribution and the rain rate is low. The Gamma size distribution is more appropriate for high rain rates. The comparisons bring to the light cases of incorrect information about the height and width of the melting layer in TRMM data.

08:20         F03.2  FADE DURATION AND FADE SLOPE STATISTICS DERIVED FROM LONG-TERM ANIK-F2 SATELLITE BEACON MEASUREMENTS IN OTTAWA-CANADA

C. Amaya, T. Nguyen, Communications Research Centre Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

Fade duration and fade slope provide essential information to design fade mitigation techniques. Statistics for 2006-2009 from the 20-GHz beacon of Telesats Anik F2 satellite are presented. The impact of data filtering is discussed. Four fade duration models are tested using Anik F2 distributions. Slope PDFs show symmetry between positive and negative values; a clear dependence on fade level is verified. General agreement was observed between measured CDFs and the ITU-R model. Finally, the comparison of distributions from the 20- and 30-GHz beacons of NASA ACTS satellite confirms the frequency-independent behaviour of fade slope.

08:40         F03.3  STUDIES ON RAIN STRUCTURE BASED ON GROUND BASED DROPSIZE DISTRIBUTION AND RAIN ATTENUATION MEASUREMENTS OVER AN EARTH SPACE PATH

A. Bhattacharya, A. Maitra, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

The drop size distribution (DSD) of rain in tropical region shows the characteristic features of different types of rain, namely, stratiform, transitional and convective. This is also indicated in behaviors of the rain decay parameter, obtained from the measurements of rain rate and attenuation over an earth-space path. The DSD parameters and rain decay parameter give similar clustering indicating the feature of convective and stratiform rain. To predict rain attenuation from rain rate, the decay parameter is modeled for different rain rate regions that provides a good matching between the predicted and measured values.

09:00         F03.4  THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN EMPIRICAL MODEL FOR SINGLE TREE TRUNK RE-RADIATION PATTERN FOR DRET MODEL APPLICATIONS

N. R. C. Leonor, D. Ferreira, Institute of Telecommunications, Leiria, Portugal;  R. F. S. Caldeirinha, T. Fernandes, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal  

This paper presents the work carried out in an effort of modelling the scattering and absorption effects of single tree trunks with application to the discrete Radiative Energy Transfer (dRET) based model applications. The assessment of the proposed empirical model was performed against measurements of both metallic and dielectric cylinders, mimicking tree trunks, at several micro- and millimetre wave frequencies, i.e. 9.4, 18.8 and 37.6 GHz. These were carried out in a controlled environment, i.e. an anechoic chamber, so that frequency dependent effects could be evaluated.

09:20          Tea/Coffee Break

09:40         F03.5  POLARIMETRIC SCATTERING AND RADAR ECHOES FROM INHOMOGENEOUS SCATTER MEDIA WITH ROUGH INTERFACES

Y.-Q. Jin, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

A theoretical model of stratified lunar regolith media with scatterers and rough interfaces for numerical simulation of polarimetric radar pulse echoes are developed. The lunar layer consists of the low lossy regolith layer with randomly rough top and bottom interfaces, and a layer of random stone-scatterers (spatially oriented oblate spheroids are assumed) is embedded and overlays the underlying rock media. The time domain Mueller matrix solution derived from vector radiative transfer formulations contains seven scattering mechanisms of the stratified media: surface scattering from the rough top and bottom interfaces, volumetric scattering from random stone scatterers, and their multi-interactions.

10:00         F03.6  ON THE USEFULNESS OF SELECTED RADIO WAVES PROPAGATION MODELS FOR DESIGNING MOBILE WIRELESS SYSTEMS IN CONTAINER TERMINAL ENVIRONMENT

S. J. Ambroziak, R. J. Katulski, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland

Modelling of basic transmission loss in container terminal is difficult, so it is important to determine which propagation model is the most usefulness for it. At the outset of the paper the applied research methodology have been presented. Next, the selected propagation models have been shortly characterized. These models are: ITU-R P.1411-4, COST231 Walfisch-Ikegami and empirical model for fixed radio networks in the container terminal. The main part of the paper presents results of verification, based on mean error and standard error of estimate. Future research aimed at developing new propagation model have been shortly presented.

10:20         F03.7  PREDICTION OF DIFFRACTION EFFECTS DUE TO IRREGULAR TERRAIN ON RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION IN THE VHF AND UHF BANDS

E. Costa, M. A. N. da Silva, CETUC PUC-Rio, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil;  M. Liniger, LiniKomm GmbH, Bern, Switzerland  

Many models have been proposed to represent diffraction effects on the propagation of radio waves over irregular terrain in the VHF and UHF bands. Predictions from these models have been compared with results from field-strength measurements available in extensive databases that also incorporate the technical parameters of thousands of VHF and UHF links. Possible sources of the still high values of the standard deviations of errors between predictions and measurements will be identified and discussed, with particular attention to uncertainties on digital elevation models and on the effective Earths radius, as well as to effects from lateral propagation.

10:40         F03.8  RADIO WAVE DIFFRACTION BY TERRAIN IRREGULARITIES

M. S. Assis, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil

This paper deals with the problem of diffraction by terrain irregularities. To avoid the difficulties associated to the general solution, which is given by an integral equation, simplified methods for the evaluation of radio wave attenuation are available. However, the accuracy of these methods depends on restrictions imposed by frequency, link parameters (path distance and antenna heights) and terrain profile. In this paper emphasis is given to the work that is being carried out in the Study Group 3 (Radiowave Propagation) of ITU-R (Radiocommunication Sector of the International Telecommunication Union).

11:00         F03.9  COMPUTING THE INFLUENCE OF WIND TURBINES ON RF SYSTEMS TAKING INTO ACCOUNT TERRAIN.

E. H. Van Lil, J.-W. De Bleser, A. R. Van de Capelle, K.U.Leuven, Heverlee, Brabant, Belgium

Previous studies have focused on the influence of moving objects such as wind turbines on aeronautical and maritime radars, usually working in the L/S band and in the X-band respectively. Here, we will not only take into account terrain properties, but also compute systems very close to each other and at lower frequencies, where UTD is no longer valid. In addition, particular attention will be paid to the computations of systems that are in the near-field of the antenna.

11:20         F03.10  THE JOINT INVERSE FILTERING AND PARAMETRIC IDENTIFICATION FOR COMPLEX RADAR IMAGE

M. Konovalyuk, Y. Kuznetsov, A. Baev, Moscow Aviation Institute (State Technical University), Moscow, Russian Federation

The paper suggests combining the inverse filtering and the parametric identification in the post-processing sequence of the complex radar image. The image can be modeled assuming the superposition of the identical partial responses from the effective target point-scatterers. Their positions correspond to the geometrical profile of target in the image coordinate plane. The proposed algorithm of radar image post-processing consists of the parametric and the non-parametric procedures which are used to improve the image resolution and to identify geometrical form of the target. The presented simulated results illustrate the main steps of radar image post-processing.

11:40         F03.11  COMPARISON OF HYDROMETEOR ATTENUATION ON PARALLEL TERRESTRIAL PATHS AT 58 GHZ AND 93 GHZ

V. Kvicera, M. Grabner, Czech Metrology Institute, Praha, Czech Republic;  O. Fiser, Institute of Atmospheric Physics AS CR, Praha, Czech Republic  

The results of 3-year experimental research of attenuation due to hydrometeors at 58 GHz and 93 GHz parallel terrestrial paths are given. The obtained cumulative distributions of attenuation due to all the hydrometeors combined, monthly cumulative distributions of attenuation due to all the hydrometeors combined, cumulative distributions of attenuation due to the individual hydrometeors separately, and cumulative distributions of rain intensities are given. The influence of individual hydrometeors on attenuation is analysed. The obtained cumulative distribution of attenuation due to rain only is compared with the calculated one in accordance with the relevant ITU-R recommendations.

12:00          End of the Session

G03 - Recent Developments in and Coordinated Studies with Incoherent Scatter Radars

Session Chairs: Anja Strømme, Ian McCrea, Ingemar Haggstrom

Session     G03

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Tuesday, August 16, 08:00-12:00

Room        Topkapi A

08:00         G03.1  GLOBAL SCALE IONOSPHERIC MONITORING - FUTURE DEVELOPMENT

A. P. van Eyken, E. Sanchez, SRI International, Menlo Park, United States;  E. Turunen, EISCAT Scientific Association, Kiruna, Sweden;  I. W. McCrea, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, United Kingdom  

Incoherent scatter radars have developed considerably in recent years with the deployment of multiple new systems (Poker Flat, Alaska, Resolute Bay, Canada, and in development in China, Argentina, Antarctica, and Scandinavia, as well as a second system at Resolute Bay) and operational changes to support continuous and remote measurements. We will discuss plans to add further observational sites, built around phased array incoherent scatter radars, to cover a complete geomagnetic meridian; plans to further integrate the routine operation of many radars around the globe; and the potential for hardware collaboration for future incoherent scatter radar systems.

08:20         G03.2  COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF HEATING AND ION UPFLOW AT SONDRE STROMFJORD AND EISCAT

A. Stromme, SRI International, Menlo Park, California, United States of America;  I. W. McCrea, STFC Rutherford Apppleton Laboratory, Harwell, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom  

Although the Sondrestrom radar is at a lower geographic latitude than any of EISCATs mainland radars, its geomagnetic latitude and dip angle are comparable to those of the EISCAT Svalbard Radar. In this study, we compare the statistics of ion upflows observed at Sondrestromfjord with those obtained at EISCAT (Tromso and Svalbard) during comparable periods. We will also look at the underlying variations in ion and electron temperature which play a role in driving these outflow events, and discuss the extent to which the relationship between geomagnetic and geographic latitude might contribute to the differences observed.

08:40         G03.3  POLAR CAP ELECTRIC FIELD OBSERVATIONS FROM THE RESOLUTE BAY INCOHERENT SCATTER RADAR

H. Bahcivan, M. J. Nicolls, C. J. Heinselman, SRI International, Menlo Park, United States

The new incoherent scatter radar in Resolute Bay (RISR) is providing first-time observations of fine-scale spatial and temporal electric potential structures in the polar cap ionosphere. The sub-minute resolution ionospheric convection response can be intimately tied to solar wind magnetic pulses measured by the ACE and WIND spacecraft. Furthermore, we present estimates of electric potential maps (over ~ 500x500 km latitudinal and longitudinal extent) constructed using simultaneous multi-beam position line-of-sight velocity measurements and new inversion techniques. The electric field divergence averaged over the mapped region shows diurnal variation consistent with a two-cell convection pattern.

09:00         G03.4  DETERMINATION OF PRECIPITATING ELECTRON FLUXES FROM INVERSION OF COORDINATED ALIS/EISCAT OBSERVATIONS.

H. Lamy, C. Simon, Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, Brussels, Belgium;  B. Gustavsson, University of Southampton, Hampshire, UK;  T. Sergienko, I. Sandahl, U. Brandstrom, Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden  

In March 2008, discrete stable auroral arcs were investigated during a coordinated observational campaign between the European Incoherent Scatter Radar (EISCAT) and the Auroral Large Imaging System (ALIS). The two sets of data are inverted to retrieve fluxes of precipitating electrons. Both results are matching in energy and shape with a typical average precipitation energy of a few keV. Finally, by using the average energy spectrum of electrons deduced from ALIS data as input for the TRANS4 kinetic/fluid electron transport 1D model, computed auroral emissions are compared to ALIS observations and electron density profiles are compared to EISCAT profiles.

09:20          Tea/Coffee Break

09:40         G03.5  EISCAT_3D: EUROPES NEXT-GENERATION RADAR FOR STUDIES OF THE UPPER ATMOSPHERE AND GEOSPACE

I. W. McCrea, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom

EISCAT is leading a Preparatory Phase project for EISCAT_3D, a new multistatic phased array system, to replace its radars in Scandinavia. EISCAT_3D will be the most advanced IS radar yet constructed, combining multiple beams, advanced imaging, flexible signal processing and greatly improved resolution and sensitivity. The Preparatory Phase will resolve the technical, financial, logistical and political issues to be clarified before construction. It began in October 2010 and continues until September 2014. We will review the objectives of the study, summarise its current status, look ahead to future challenges, and report on the supporting actions contributing to EISCAT_3D development.

10:00         G03.6  MULTISCALE SOFTWARE RADAR NETWORKS AND THE GEOSPACE ARRAY

F. D. Lind, MIT Haystack Observatory, Westford, MA, United States

Ground based Incoherent Scatter Radar has provided a sustained record of observation and scientific discovery. However, these systems are limited by the ad-hoc and incremental nature of their creation, the diverse technologies used, and the costs associated with maintenance and operations. It is difficult to break free of these limitations and addressing them requires a paradigm change. We will discuss how multi-scale software radar arrays could result in a global array for observation of the Geospace environment. We will also highlight how the development of EISCAT 3D radar system is a major step in this direction.

10:20         G03.7  THE EISCAT_3D ARBITRARY WAVEFORM EXCITER AND POLYPHASE CONSTANT AMPLITUDE CODES FOR EISCAT VHF AND ESR D/E LAYER EXPERIMENTS

G. Wannberg, I. Wolf, Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden;  W. Puccio, Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Uppsala, Sweden;  I. Häggström, A. Westman, EISCAT Scientific Association, Kiruna, Sweden  

The AD9957 fast digital up-converter has been found to possess most of the qualities required to implement the beam-steering and arbitrary waveform capabilities of the EISCAT_3D radar system. An exciter system based on the AD9957 is now under construction. As an integral part of this programme, two constant-amplitude polyphase experiments with excellent D- and E-region properties have been developed. One of these will be tested on the existing EISCAT radars during the 2011 PMSE season. The AD9957, the exciter and the polyphase codes will be presented; results and conclusions from the test experiments will be reported.

10:40         G03.8  THE EFFECTS OF COULOMB COLLISIONS ON H+ AND HE+ PLASMAS FOR TOPSIDE INCOHERENT SCATTER RADAR APPLICATIONS AT JICAMARCA

M. A. Milla1, E. Kudeki2, J. L. Chau1;  1Jicamarca Radio Observatory, Instituto Geofisico del Peru, Lima, Peru; 2University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, US

To continue the work of Milla and Kudeki [2011] on Coulomb collisions, we have recently started the development of a multi-component collisional incoherent scatter spectrum model that considers O+, H+, and He+ plasmas as needed for topside perpendicular-to-B observations at Jicamarca. The spectrum model is being developed based on simulations of particle trajectories in magnetized plasmas where collision effects are modeled by friction and diffusive forces with expected values taken from the Fokker-Planck equation of Rosenbluth et al. [1957]. In this presentation, we will report on our advances on the development of this new spectrum model.

11:00         G03.9  EISCAT APERTURE SYNTHESIS IMAGING (EASI_3D) FOR THE EISCAT_3D PROJECT

C. La Hoz, V. Belyey, University of Tromso, Tromso, Norway

Aperture Synthesis Imaging Radar (ASIR), code-named EASI_3D, is the technology adopted by the EISCAT_3D project to give imaging capabilities in 3-dimensions including sub-beam resolution. Complemented by pulse compression, it will provide 3-dimensional images of certain types of incoherent scatter radar targets resolved to about 100 metres at 100 km range. This ability will open new research opportunities to map small structures associated with non-homogeneous, unstable processes such as aurora, summer and winter polar radar echoes (PMSE and PMWE), Natural Enhanced Ion Acoustic Lines (NEIALs), structures excited by HF ionospheric heating, meteors, space debris, and others.

11:20         G03.10  THE D-REGION IONOSPHERE DURING THE SOLAR MINIMUM AS SEEN BY THE EISCAT SVALBARD CONTINUOUS 1-YEAR IPY RADAR EXPERIMENT

A. Kero1, C.-F. Enell1, E. Turunen2, I. Haggstrom2, P. T. Verronen3, S. Salmi3, T. Ulich1, L. Roininen1;  1Sodankyl Geophysical Observatory / University of Oulu, Sodankyl, Finland; 2EISCAT Scientific Association, Kiruna, Sweden; 3Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland

The EISCAT Svalbard Radar (ESR) was operated in a continuous mode during the International Polar Year (IPY), starting on 1 March 2007 and ending on 29 February 2008. The radar experiment was dedicated to ensure good coverage also in the ionospheric lower E and D regions, in addition to covering the more standard experiment target, the ionospheric F peak, and reaching into the topside ionosphere. By using this unique continuous dataset gathered during the solar minimum, we show that anomalous variability of the quiet daytime electron density in the D region can be explained by the varying NO concentration.

11:40         G03.11  RADIO AURORA EXPLORER TO PROVIDE COHERENT SCATTER CAPABILITY FOR UHF INCOHERENT SCATTER RADARS

H. Bahcivan, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United States;  J. Cutler, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States  

The Radio Aurora Explorer Cube-Sat mission is a ground-to-space bi-static radar experiment utilizing UHF incoherent scatter radars (PFISR, RISR, Millstone, ESR, and Arecibo) to measure plasma turbulence from mid-to-high latitudes in the altitude range 80-500 km. The experiment provides common-volume measurements of (1) ionospheric irregularities with high spatial/angular resolution and (2) quiescent plasma parameters using incoherently scattered signals. RAX I was launched in 11/2010 and conducted a successful radar experiment with PFISR; however, it is currently experiencing power issues. Meanwhile, RAX II is to be launched in 10/2011.

12:00          End of the Session

H03 – Wave-particle Interactions and Their Effects on Planetary Radiation Belts I

Session Chairs: Jacob Bortnik, Craig Rodger, Bruce Tsurutani, Richard Horne

Session     H03

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Tuesday, August 16, 08:00-12:00

Room        Topkapi B

08:00         H03.1  MODELING PITCH ANGLE SCATTERING OF RADIATION BELT PARTICLES BY THE INJECTION OF LOW FREQUENCY WAVES WITH F-REGION HF-DRIVEN IONOSPHERIC CURRENTS

K. Papadopoulos1, B. Eliasson2, X. Shao1, A. S. Sharma1;  1University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States; 2Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany

Injection of EMIC and Alfven waves into Earths inner radiation belt to pitch-angle scatter energetic electrons and protons provides active means to study the physics of the inner radiation belt. We present a new concept of generating ionospheric currents in the ULF/ELF range with modulated F-region HF heating using ground-based transmitters even in the absence of electrojet currents that is applicable to the Arecibo ionospheric heater. A numerical model is used to simulate the generation and injection of Alfven waves by the Arecibo heater and their interaction with the trapped protons and suggest future experiments.

08:20         H03.2  ELECTROMAGNETIC ION CYCLOTRON WAVES AND GEOMAGNETIC STORMS: GOES AND CRRES OBSERVATIONS

B. J. Fraser, A. J. Halford, University of Newcastle, allaghan, NSW 2308, Australia

In situ observations in the magnetosphere were undertaken to further pursue the relationship between geomagnetic storms and electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves using GOES and CRRES satellite data. Thirteen of 22 storms showed EMIC waves occurring during the main phase. With CRRES storms were divided into three phases: pre-onset, main, and recovery. The majority, 56%, of storm time EMIC waves were found to occur during the main phase, while 36% were observed in the recovery phase.

08:40         H03.3  ION HEATING BY FAST MAGNETOSONIC WAVES AND RING CURRENT-ELECTRON RADIATION BELT COUPLING

R. B. Horne, British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK;  R. M. Thore, L. Chen, X. Tao, University of California, Los Angeles, Ca, USA;  V. K. Jordanova, Los Alamos National Lab, Los Alamos, NM, USA;  D. Pokhotelov, Finnish Meteorolgical Institute, Helsinki, Finland;  P. Robert, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France  

We present fast magnetosonic waves observed by CLUSTER and study their effects on the ion distribution and the excitation of EMIC waves. By modelling the narrow spectral features of the waves we show that ion energy diffusion is more than two orders of magnitude larger than pitch angle diffusion. The waves fill in the ion ring distribution and heat the ion tail creating a large anisotropy at high energies which may be unstable to EMIC waves. The waves can couple the ring current to the electron radiation belt directly via electron diffusion, and indirectly via excitation of EMIC waves.

09:00         H03.4  THE THEORY AND NUMERICAL MODELLING OF NON LINEAR WAVE PARTICLE INTERACTIONS IN OBLIQUE WHISTLERS

D. Nunn1,2, Y. Omura2;  1Southampton University,UK, Southampton, United Kingdom; 2Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

This work reports on a one dimensional fully nonselfconsistent relativistic code that computes nonlinear resonant electron trajectories in an obliquely propagating arbitrary VLF wavefield. By defining a generalised phase for the nth resonance the distribution function of resonant electrons is computed for any order n by backward trajectory integration and using Liouvilles theorem. Each resonance order n obeys the trapping equations. A detailed chorus wavefield model showed strong trapping with a phase space hole for n=1 resonance and a phase space hill for the n=0 resonance. One pass resonant particle energisation up to 0.4keV were found.

09:20          Tea/Coffee Break

09:40         H03.5  TRIGGERING PROCESS OF WHISTLER-MODE CHORUS EMISSIONS IN THE MAGNETOSPHERE

Y. Omura, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan;  D. Nunn, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K.  

Chorus emissions are triggered from the linear cyclotron instability driven by temperature anisotropy of energetic electrons. They grow as an absolute nonlinear instability near the equator due to an electron hole in velocity space. The transition process from the linear growth to the nonlinear growth with a rising tone frequency is due to formation of a resonant current anti-parallel to the wave magnetic field. The rising-tone frequency introduces a phase shift to the electron hole, resulting in a resonant current anti-parallel to the wave electric field, which causes the nonlinear growth. Theory and simulations are presented.

10:00         H03.6  THEORY AND SIMULATIONS OF DISCRETE VLF EMISSIONS IN THE MAGNETOSPHERE

A. Demekhov, Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation

We consider the results of theoretical and numerical studies of the of generation discrete VLF emissions in the Earth's magnetosphere. The physics of cyclotron wave-particle interactions will be reviewed and current ideas on the mechanism forming the discrete spectrum of whistler-mode waves will be discussed. Two most important classes of the discrete emissions, i.e., triggered and chorus signals will be considered, and their common and specific features will be analyzed. We discuss the relationship between the model results and observations, and also possible application of similar mechanisms to the phenomena in the ion-cyclotron frequency range.

10:20         H03.7  PARTICLE-WAVE-PARTICLE INTERACTIONS INVOLVING WHISTLER-MODE WAVES IN THE MAGNETOSPHERE.

D. R. Shklyar, Space Research Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation

Search for and understanding of mechanisms for particle energization is a key problem in physics of the Earths radiation belts. A good deal of suggested mechanisms is related to resonant interactions between waves and energetic particle. In the plasmaspheric region of the magnetosphere, energy density variation of resonant particles is often much larger than the wave energy density. By examples of whistler-mode wave-electron interactions we emphasize that, in many cases, the energy increase (decrease) of resonant particles is related to energy transfer from (to) other group of resonant particles, while the wave basically mediates the energization process.

10:40         H03.8  CHORUS VARIATION DURING THE COMPRESSION OF MAGNETOSPHERE

H. Fu, J. Cao, Beihang University, Beijing, China;  F. Mozer, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA;  B. Yang, Peking University, Beijing, China  

Chorus is important in space science due to its role in generation of relativistic electrons in the Van Allen radiation belts, which are hazardous to satellites and astronauts. Although chorus has been studied for several decades and many theories have been proposed, its generation and growth mechanisms are still not well understood. In this manuscript, we show an unexpected observation, based on measurements from the NASA THEMIS satellites, that chorus can be significantly amplified when an interplanetary shock that originates from Sun hits Earths magnetosphere. The shock-induced anisotropic distribution of energetic electrons leads to the growth of chorus.

11:00         H03.9  UNUSUAL OBSERVATION OF CHORUS AT L=2.6

B. Delport, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa;  A. B. Collier, Hermanus Magnetic Observatory, Hermanus, South Africa;  C. J. Rodger, University of Otago, Otago, New Zealand;  M. Clilverd, British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, England;  M. Parrot, LPCE, Orleans, France;  R. Friedel, Los Alamos National Lab, Los Alamos, USA;  J. Bortnik, University of California, Los Angeles, USA  

On the 4th August 2010, chorus was observed on Marion Island (L=2.6). A similar event was observed at Palmer Station, Antarctica (L=2.44) during the Halloween Storms of 2003. The spatial extent of the 2010 event is discussed and data from several systems, including DEMETER VLF, GPS particle and AARDVARK precipitation data are analysed. We investigate the location of the plasmapause with satellite data. Preliminary analysis of low resolution VLF data from other mid and high latitude stations show that a similar emission was observed at these sites, but at different times.

11:20         H03.10  DIFFUSION-ADVECTION MODELING OF WAVE-PARTICLE INTERACTIONS IN THE RADIATION BELTS

J. M. Albert, Air Force Research Laboratory, Hanscom AFB, MA, United States

Properly treating wave-particle interactions is crucial to modeling and predicting the behavior of radiation belt electrons. The usual quasi-linear theory alone cannot capture the effects likely to be caused by nonlinear interactions with coherent waves, particularly chorus. Detailed analytical estimates of nonlinear particle motion in a specified wave have been developed, and and combined with detailed wave models can be used to formulate a combined diffusion-advection equation for the electron phase space density. Quasi-linear diffusion is recovered for small amplitude waves, but phase bunching and phase trapping, caused by larger amplitude waves, can also be included.

11:40         H03.11  RELATIVISTIC MICROBURST STORM CHARACTERISTICS: COMBINED SATELLITE AND GROUND-BASED OBSERVATIONS

S. Dietrich, C. J. Rodger, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand;  M. A. Clilverd, British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, United Kingdom;  J. Bortnik, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA;  T. Raita, , ,  

We report a comparison of SAMPEX detected relativistic electron microbursts and short-lived subionospheric VLF perturbations termed FAST events, observed at Sodankyl Geophysical Observatory, Finland, during 2005. The observed FAST event perturbation decay times were consistent with ionospheric recovery from bursts of relativistic electron precipitation. Our study strongly suggests that the region over which microbursts occur during storm event periods can be at least ~90 in longitude (~6 hours in MLT). This confirms earlier estimates of microburst storm size, suggesting that microbursts could be a significant loss mechanism for radiation belt relativistic electrons during geomagnetic storms.

12:00          End of the Session

J03 – Technology Development for the SKA Program

Session Chairs: Ken Kellermann, Richard Schilizzi

Session     J03

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Tuesday, August 16, 08:00-12:00

Room        Marmara

08:00         J03.1  POWER CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE SQUARE KILOMETRE ARRAY (SKA) RADIO TELESCOPE

P. J. Hall, International Cente for Radio Astronomy Research (Curtin Institute of Radio Astronomy), Perth, WA, Australia

The SKA will be the world's most sensitive radio telescope and is expected to be fully operational below 10 GHz by 2023. It will extend over more than 3000 km but over half its collecting area will be located at one of two remote, radio-quiet sites in either Australia or South Africa. The instrument will collect and process vast amounts of information, and the provision of reliable, affordable electrical power over a 30-50 year operational lifetime is a major challenge. This paper outlines some of the issues and a few exemplar innovations in the SKA power area.

08:20         J03.2  THE SKA RFI AND TROPOSPHERIC SITE TESTING PROGRAM

R. P. Millenaar, SPDO, Manchester, United Kingdom

The Square Kilometre Array project will soon decide upon where this new large radio telescope will be located, on the basis of a range of criteria. Two environmental aspects are examined for maximum scientific return through measurements at candidate sites: the radio frequency interference (RFI) and tropospheric environments. High sensitivity as well as high speed measurements will make an inventory of the RFI at the core sites and at a selection of remote sites. Tropospheric phase stability will be investigated using two identical interferometer systems pointed to geostationary satellites, in a campaign lasting at least one year. A report.

08:40         J03.3  SIGNAL TRANSPORT AND NETWORKS FOR THE SKA

R. McCool, The SKA Programme Development Office, Manchester, United Kingdom

The signal transport and networks of the SKA are the backbone of the telescope; they interface with almost every aspect of the system. They provide services, fundamental to the operation of the SKA as an aperture synthesis interferometer, such as timing and synchronisation and the transmission of data from receptors to a correlator. Signal transport and networks provide communication links both internally to the telescope and externally to the SKA regional centres around the world. This paper will describe the requirements placed on these networks by the telescope and the technical progress in developing solutions to deliver this required functionality.

09:00         J03.4  REFLECTOR ANTENNAS (DISHES) FOR THE SQUARE KILOMETRE ARRAY (SKA)

P. E. Dewdney, N. Roddis, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

Parabolic reflectors (dishes) are the most general purpose, flexible antennas used in radio astronomy, typically able with multiple feeds to cover two orders of magnitude in frequency. The SKA requirements will push the limits of dish design for decimetre wavelengths beyond that of any existing dishes. The SKAs sensitivity as well as its wide-field imaging requirements push performance limits, while the need to produce and deploy thousands of dishes in an array spanning continental baselines push cost and fabrication limits. This paper will discuss SKA requirements and a combination of techniques being brought to bear on this design problem.

09:20          Tea/Coffee Break

09:40         J03.5  THE SYSTEM DESIGN FOR THE SQUARE KILOMETRE ARRAY (SKA)

K. Cloete, P. E. Dewdney, SKA Program Development Office, Manchester, United Kingdom

As a global project the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) engineering activities are conducted in parallel at many levels and within many global institutions and companies. While the SKA will offer huge science impact, the myriad of potential solutions to its technical challenges put forward and the sheer complexity of the telescope system indicate a rigorous systematic approach. In projects of this scale, the discipline of system engineering has been found to be the key to a successful, focussed design. This paper will present the approach, progress, status and challenges of the system design effort of the SKA.

10:00         J03.6  GENERIC CONFIGURATIONS FOR THE SKA

R. Bolton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom;  R. Millenaar, SPDO, Manchester, United Kingdom  

We have developed generic layouts for both Phase 1 and Phase 2 of the Square Kilometre Array. We present these layouts here and show some examples of their sensitivity performance in the uv domain. These layouts are useful for providing comparisons between "ideal" layouts and those that meet the siting constraints arising in reality where geography and human activity limit the accessible terrain.

10:20         J03.7  MEASUREMENT OF A 10 METRE COMPOSITE RADIO DISH SURFACE SHAPE BETWEEN 2008 AND 2010

G. Lacy, A. Gray, National Research Council, Penticton, BC, Canada

A composite radio reflector (the MkII) was molded at the Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory (DRAO) in 2008. The MkII was built as a demonstrator for the International Square Kilometre Array (SKA). Since 2008, the MkII has been used to test a prototype Phased Array Feed (PHAD). This PHAD demonstrator puts a substantial load on the structure. The MkII telescope has also been used to investigate composite thermal and weathering issues. The surface shape of the main reflector were recorded in 2008 and again in 2010 using a laser scanner. These data are compared. Some interesting results are presented.

10:40         J03.8  PHASED ARRAY FEEDS FOR THE SQUARE KILOMETRE ARRAY

W. A. van Cappellen, J. G. Bij de Vaate, ASTRON, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands;  K. F. Warnick, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA;  B. Veidt, NRC, Penticton, BC, Canada;  R. G. Gough, C. A. Jackson, CSIRO, Marsfield, NSW, Australia;  N. Roddis, SKA Program Development Office, Manchester, United Kingdom  

A novel method to form multiple instantaneous beams on the sky with a reflector antenna is to employ a dense Phased Array Feed (PAF). This technology is currently being developed to greatly increase the survey speed of existing and future radio telescopes. This paper reviews the current state of PAF development projects at several international radio astronomy institutes, the particular challenges and the potential for incorporation of PAFs into the ultimate radio survey instrument: the Square Kilometre Array.

11:00         J03.9  DENSE APERTURE ARRAYS FOR THE SQUARE KILOMETRE ARRAY

A. J. Faulkner, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Aperture phased arrays operating up to 1.4 GHz are an exciting technology for the Square Kilometre Array, SKA. Phased array stations bring major scientific opportunities including high survey speeds, flexible searching for transient phenomena, and multi-beaming capability not possible with other collectors. The technological requirements of high frequency phased arrays are severe with the channel count and required digital processing. Roadmapping shows that technical developments make a system realistic from 2018. The Aperture Array Verification Program, AAVP, is working on a sparse low frequency array and a dense array from 400MHz to 1450MHz for the SKA.

11:20         J03.10  WIDEBAND FEEDS AND LOW NOISE AMPLIFIERS FOR LARGE ARRAYS

S. Weinreb, A. Akgiray, D. Russell, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States

The state of the art for feeds and LNAs with frequency ranges approaching one decade will be presented. These components reduce the cost of receivers required to cover a given frequency range and enable observations requiring large bandwidth such as spectral index measurements, search for spectral lines with unknown red shift, and detection of transient events. An example of a 2 to 12 GHz feed will be given and compared in efficiency with an octave band feed. Low noise amplifiers for the 0.5 to 12 GHz range utilizing HEMT and SiGe bipolar transistor will be desribed.

11:40         J03.11  PATHFINDERS AND PRECURSORS FOR THE SKA

J. M. Cordes, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States

I will discuss pathfinding activities in science, technology development and cyber-infrastructure that are relevant to the Square Kilometre Array. Technology development includes work on dish antennas, wideband dipole arrays, wideband feed antennas, and widefield phased array feeds. Science applications include time-domain exploration, deep continuum imaging, and high-rate surveys. The implied data volumes are growing exponentially and need to be matched with data management and mining systems.

12:00          End of the Session

K03 – Environmental EMF Exposure Assessment

Session Chairs: Yngve Hamnerius, Georg Neubauer

Session     K03

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Tuesday, August 16, 08:00-10:40

Room        Loft

08:00         K03.1  ASSESSMENT OF THE REAL LIFE EXPOSURE TO 2G AND 3G BASE STATIONS OVER A DAY FROM INSTANTANEOUS MEASUREMENT

Z. Mahfouz1,2, A. Gati1, D. Lautru2, J. Wiart1,3, V. F. Hanna2;  1France Telecom Orange Labs, Paris, France; 2UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France; 3Orange Labs & Institut Telecom Common Lab, Paris, France

In this paper, the general public daily exposure to mobile telephony is investigated. The considered signals are GSM900, GSM1800, UMTS and HSDPA. The study focus on the assessment of the maximal real electric field received over the day from an instantaneous measurement performed any time during the day. An extrapolation factor is presented to extrapolate an instantaneous measurement for any signal to the maximal possible value received by this signal over the day. This factor is also given to extrapolate the total electric field received to his possible maximum value over the day.

08:20         K03.2  DISTRIBUTION OF ELF MAGNETIC FIELDS IN SWEDISH DWELLINGS

Y. Hamnerius, S. Atefi, A. Eslami, M. Hopeson, A. Khan, G. Silva, Chalmers University of Technology, Goteborg, Sweden;  J. Estenberg, Swedish Radiation Safety Authority, Stockholm, Sweden  

The distribution of ELF magnetic fields in randomly selected Swedish dwellings has been assessed. The results show that 89 % of the measured houses have average magnetic fields below 0.2 uT with mean value of 0.11 uT and median value 0.05 uT. Comparing villas and apartments show that the median magnetic fields value for apartments is 0.07 uT compared to 0.04 uT for villas. The dominating frequency of the magnetic field was 50 Hz. The total harmonic distortion (THD) of the magnetic field was measured; the median value of THD was 10.3 %.

08:40         K03.3  A EUROPEAN INITIATIVE TO DEVELOP PROCEDURES AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR WORKER'S ELECTROMAGNETIC SAFETY (WEMS)

M. Douglas1, J. Nadakuduti1, M. Wild2, S. Kühn1,2, M. Capstick1, N. Kuster1;  1ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; 2Schmid & Partner Engineering AG, Zurich, Switzerland

A project is described that is developing procedures and instrumentation to demonstrate compliance with EU Directive 2004/40/EC. In 2012, the directive will pose new requirements on employers in the European Union to evaluate the exposure of workers to electromagnetic fields (EMF). Implementation of these requirements is a significant challenge to employers, many of whom lack the resources and expertise required to demonstrate compliance with EMF limits. Some industries that use high-current or high-voltage equipment in the workplace are particularly affected, such as the automotive, railway and metal fabrication industries. Simple and reliable tools are necessary for employers in these industries.

09:00         K03.4  A NEW WEB BASED SYSTEM TO EVALUATE WORKERS EXPOSURE ACCORDING TO REQUIREMENTS OF THE DIRECTIVE 2004/40/EC

H. Molla-Djafari, Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria

The Directive 2004/40/EC of the European Commission has the purpose to protect workers against adverse affects from electromagnetic fields (EMF). To achieve this several requirements are imposed on employers that can be hardly managed by them. It was therefore decided to develop a software system dedicated to enable employers to evaluate the exposure of their employees without having any specific expertise on EMF. This Austrian system called EMES has a database with distance depending exposure data from about 1.000 electromagnetic sources. The exposure arising from all selected sources is calculated and compared to the limits .

09:20          Tea/Coffee Break

09:40         K03.5  ELECTROMAGNETIC SOURCE MODELING USING PHASE RETRIEVAL METHODS

M. Johansson, H.-S. Lui, A. Fhager, M. Persson, Department of Signals and Systems, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden

Modeling of the field distributions from electromagnetic sources is of interest for various applications for example electromagnetic compatibility investigations, near-field to far-field transformations, antenna diagnostics and electromagnetic dosimetry. In order to determine whether exposure safety guidelines, such as the EU directive 2004/40/EC, are complied with, source modeling methods are important. Methods for determining the total field, including phase information, when only field amplitudes have been measured on a set of planes in front of an electromagnetic source have been developed. Promising results have been obtained both for numerical test cases and for measured field.

10:00         K03.6  EXPOSURE CHAMBERS FOR VERIFICATION OF MICROWAVE INFLUENCE ON BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS

J. Vrba, L. Visek, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic

The main aim of our work is to design and simulate an exposure chamber in order to analyze the influence of electromagnetic field on mice which can simulate mobile phone emission patterns. We use two types of structures and compare their properties to find the best design for our future work.

10:20         K03.7  RESEARCHING OF FERROMAGNETIC INCLUSIONS INFLUENCE ON PROTECTING PROPERTIES OF SHIELDING COMPOSITE MATERIALS WITH DIELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC STRUCTURE ELEMENTS

H. Pukhir, BSUIR, Minsk, Belarus

The effect of ferromagnetic impurities in electromagnetic absorbers is studied. It has established that a small amount of magnetic powder in composite structure influence on attenuation and reflection characteristics of shielding material. These magnetic inclusions can increase the attenuation at 15 dB and reflection coefficient at 2,5 dB in comparison with dielectric samples. The compound with powders of silica and nickel-zinc ferrite as a base of shielding composite has investigated. The dependence of the shielding characteristics of the composite is shown. The use of these composite materials for creation of electromagnetic shielding constructions are considered.

10:40          End of the Session

C05 – Radio Science for Information Security and Social Safety

Session Chairs: Takashi Ohira, Satoru Aikawa, Masamune Takeda

Session     C05

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Tuesday, August 16, 10:20-12:00

Room        Dolmabahçe A

10:20         C05.1  A KEY GENERATION TECHNIQUE USING ARRAY ANTENNA BEAM SELECTION

S. Aikawa, Graduate school of Engineering, University of Hyogo, Himeji, Hyogo, Japan

Recently, secret key generation schemes for wireless communication systems using propagation performance are researched. RSSI, signal strength indications received at AP (Access Point) and UT (User Terminal) are same value in TDD systems because of reciprocity theorem, and are controlled by the array antenna pattern. However, RSSI at TP (Tapping Point) is not same as RSSI at AP or UT that depend on their location. The secret keys are generated from binarized RSSIs. This paper describes a method for improving the probability of key agreement between AT and UT by using array antennas control.

10:40         C05.2  EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION OF WIRELESS SECRET KEY AGREEMENT USING ARRAY ANTENNAS

T. Shimizu, N. Otani, T. Kitano, H. Iwai, H. Sasaoka, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan

This paper considers the problem of wireless secret key agreement based on radio propagation characteristics, where two legitimate parties generate and share a secret key by exploiting the radio propagation characteristics between them in the presence of an eavesdropper. We developed an experimental system using array antennas to implement the wireless secret key agreement. In this paper, we present the experimental system and validate basic characteristics that are fundamental for the wireless secret key agreement, such as the reciprocity and position dependence of radio propagation characteristics, with the developed system.

11:00         C05.3  IMPACT OF DIRECT-PATH WAVE ON IMAC IN SECRET KEY AGREEMENT SYSTEM USING ESPAR ANTENNAS

T. Yoshida, S. Takafumi, K. Fujiki, K. Uematsu, T. Ohira, H. Uehara, Toyohashi University of Technology, toyohashi, Japan

Current cryptography may be potentially decrypted by an extremely high performance computer. More secure key sharing schemes are expected. One possible solution is secret key agreement system which makes use of Electrically Steerable Parasitic Array Radiator (ESPAR) antenna. In this scheme ideally, by using wave propagation characteristics, eavesdropper cannot guess secret key from regular terminals. Actually however, eavesdropper has chances to guess the key if he is located on the line of direct-path wave between regular terminals. In our study, we evaluate the impact of direct-path wave on Information mutual anti-tapping condition (Imac) under a noisy channel.

11:20         C05.4  NOVEL TECHNIQUE FOR IMPROVING BLUETOOTH NETWORKS SECURITY THROUGH SVD-BASED AUDIO WATERMARKING

M. M. M. El-Bendary, Helwan Universirty, Cairo, Egypt;  A. Abou elazm, N. El-Fishawy, F. Sayed, F. Shawki, Menofia niversity, Menof, Egypt  

The Paper improves the security over IEEE 802.15.1 networks. It proposes a new approach for audio watermarking using the singular value decomposition (SVD) mathematical technique. This approach is based on embedding the encrypted image in the singular values of the audio signal after transforming it into a 2-D format. After watermark embedding, the audio signal is transformed again into a 1-D format. At the receiver the watermark signal is reconstructed and extracting the image. The proposed audio watermarking approach maintains the high quality of the audio signal and that the watermark extraction and decryption are possible.

11:40         C05.5  DETECTION OF LANDSLIDE USING WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

P. K. Mishra, S. K. Shukla, S. Dutta, S. K. Chaulya, G. M. Prasad, Central Institute of Mining & Fuel Research, Dhanbad, India

Wireless sensor networking is one of the emerging areas which are extensively being used for development of real-time monitoring systems. This paper discusses the development of a wireless sensor network (WSN) to detect landslides, which includes design and development of WSN for real time monitoring system. A laboratory trial has been performed using wireless sensor networking with the integration of different sensors to detect the landslide.

12:00          End of the Session

KT – Epidemiology of RF and Cancer

Session Chair: Emilie Van Deventer

Session     KT

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Tuesday, August 16, 11:00-12:00

Room        Loft

11:00         KT.1  EPIDEMIOLOGY OF RF AND CANCER

J. Schüz, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France

There is still an ongoing scientific controversy whether exposure to electromagnetic fields is associated with an increased cancer risk in humans. Epidemiological studies have shown a consistent association between exposure to extremely low-frequency (ELF) magnetic fields and the risk of leukemia in children, but even after decades of investigations it is unclear whether the observed association is causal or due to bias and limitations of the studies. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has therefore classified ELF magnetic fields as possible carcinogenic to humans. Several studies of different designs investigated the association between radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic fields related to the use of mobile phones and the risk of brain tumors. While short-term use of mobile phones of less than ten years was not related to any increased tumor risk, uncertainty remains particularly for longer term heavy users. Mobile phone studies are methodologically challenging and future study protocols need to reduce limitations observed in studies available today.

12:00          End of the Session

A04 – EM Materials

Session Chair: Sedki Riad

Session     A04

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Tuesday, August 16, 13:40-15:40

Room        Dolmabahçe C

13:40         A04.1  AN OVERVIEW OF THE TECHNIQUES FOR MEASURING THE DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS

O. V. Tereshchenko, F. J. K. Buesink, F. B. J. Leferink, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands

In Power Electronics devices, such as modern power supply, EMI filters occupy a substantial portion of the volume. To achieve a breakthrough an innovative production process is needed with lower cost, higher reliability, controlled EMI, controlled quality and a higher level of circuit integration. One of the most promising approaches in current research is the modification of embedded electromagnetic interference filters (EMI) through the improvement of their design and choosing material with the required qualities at an acceptable cost. To achieve this an overview of the techniques for measuring the dielectric properties of materials has been done.

14:00         A04.2  ELECTROSTATIC MEASUREMENTS OF LOW CAPACITANCE CHANGES IN A PARALLEL PLATE CAPACITOR

C. Sohl1, M. Gustafsson1, G. Kristensson1, D. Lovric1, M. Nilsson1, A. Sunesson1,2;  1Lund University, Lund, Sweden; 2Lite On Mobile, Lund, Sweden

This paper describes an electrostatic experimental setup to measure the capacitance change when an uncharged object of arbitrary shape is inserted into a parallel plate capacitor. The employed measurement technique is discussed in detail, and measurements on two conducting spheres and two conducting circular cylinders of finite height are presented and compared with numerical simulations. It is concluded that the experimental setup is capable of detecting capacitance changes down to 10 aF.

14:20         A04.3  (withdrawn)

14:40         A04.4  DIELECTRIC MATERIAL MEASUREMENTS SUPPORTED BY ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD SOLVERS

E. Kilic, U. Siart, C. H. Schmidt, T. F. Eibert, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany

An iterative transmission line technique for the determination of complex permittivity of non-magnetic, isotropic materials is addressed. The method is based on minimizing the objective function measuring the error between simulated and measured scattering parameters by classical Newton's method. An Electromagnetic field solver is used to solve the forward problem which is repeated in the application of Newton's method at each iteration. Since full-wave simulation is carried out, the method has no strict limitations on the geometry of the samples. For validation, proposed method is tested against partially loaded waveguide measurements at K-band.

15:00         A04.5  MULTI-SCALE ELECTROMAGNETIC BAND GAP STRUCTURES AND ANTENNA APPLICATIONS

E. Ozdemir, Mustafa Kemal University, iskenderun, Turkey;  C. Sabah, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universitt, Frankfurt, Germany  

Multi-scale rectangular mushroom structure, high impedance ground plane (HIGP), is designed to achieve large band gap. By suppressing surface waves, the structure becomes eligible for antenna applications. The HIGPs are composed of three different sized rectangular patch mushroom elements for different resonance frequencies. The characterizations of the three scaled HIGP with varying all dimensions are observed for GHz frequency range. Some antenna designs for free space application and the effect of the multi-scale HIGP on these antennas are also presented.

15:20         A04.6  RADIO-FREQUENCY TRANSPORT OF SINGLE ELECTRONS IN SUPERCONDUCTOR-NORMAL-METAL TUNNEL JUNCTIONS AND THE QUANTUM METROLOGICAL TRIANGLE

A. Kemppinen1, V. F. Maisi1, O.-P. Saira2, S. Kafanov2, S. V. Lotkhov3, Y. A. Pashkin4, T. Aref2, M. Meschke2, M. Mottonen2, O. Hahtela1, J. Hassel5, J. Luomahaara5, E. Mykkanen1, H. Koivula1, D. V. Averin6, H. Seppa5, J.-S. Tsai4, A. B. Zorin3, A. Manninen1, J. P. Pekola2;  1MIKES, Espoo, Finland; 2Aalto University, Espoo, Finland; 3PTB, Braunschweig, Germany; 4NEC, Tsukuba, Japan; 5VTT, Espoo, Finland; 6Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA

We are developing a single-electron turnstile based on a nanoscale superconductor-insulator--normal-metal--insulator-superconductor (SINIS) structure. The goal is to obtain the frequency to current conversion I=ef with a relative uncertainty <10^-8 which would be sufficient for a quantum-based standard of electric current. Finally, the quantum current standard will be compared against the quantum standards of voltage and resistance via Ohm's law in the quantum metrological triangle experiment.

15:40          End of the Session

B04 – Electromagnetic Field Transformations for Measurements and Numerical Methods

Session Chair: Thomas Eibert

Session     B04

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Tuesday, August 16, 13:40-15:40

Room        Anadolu Auditorium

13:40         B04.1  SEPARATION OF RADIATION FROM TWO SOURCES FROM THEIR KNOWN RADIATED SUM FIELD

T. A. Laitinen, Aalto University School of Electrical Engineering, Espoo, Finland;  S. Pivnenko, Department of Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark  

This paper presents a technique for complete and exact separation of the radiated fields of two sources (at the same frequency) from the knowledge of their radiated sum field. The two sources can be arbitrary but it must be possible to enclose the sources inside their own non-intersecting minimum spheres so that the closest distance between the surfaces of the two spheres is of the order of at least a few wavelengths.

14:00         B04.2  PLANE WAVE BASED NEAR-FIELD FAR-FIELD TRANSFORMATION WITH ADAPTIVE FIELD TRANSLATIONS

C. H. Schmidt, M. A. Qureshi, T. F. Eibert, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany

Near-field transformation algorithms compute the antenna radiation pattern from a measurement in the radiating near field. The plane wave based near-field transformation algorithm has a low numerical complexity while achieving full probe correction and it is applicable to arbitrary measurement grids giving a huge flexibility for near-field probing. The transmission equation for a set of measurement points is evaluated in a multilevel fashion and the field translations are now carried out on different levels depending on the distance of the measurement point from the antenna. The adaptive field translations allow to enhance the accuracy of the transformation.

14:20         B04.3  AN IMPROVED IMAGE-BASED NEAR-FIELD-TO-FAR-FIELD TRANSFORMATION FOR CYLINDRICAL SCANNING SURFACES

H. Kobayashi, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan;  A. Osipov, Microwaves and Radar Institute, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany;  H. Suzuki, KEYCOM Corporation, Tokyo, Japan  

An improved image-based circular NFFFT developed recently for smaller measurement facilities and for targets with pronounced scattering centers offset from the center of the imaging area is extended to a cylindrical scanning surface. Scanning over a surface instead of a circle permits RCS estimations for targets whose size in the direction perpendicular to the measurement plane is comparable to their extension in the measurement plane.

14:40         B04.4  NEAR-FIELD ESTIMATION USING A REDUCED BASIS EXPANSION OF INDUCED MODES IN A HUMAN HEAD MODEL FROM EQUIVALENT SOURCES

O. Aiouaz1, D. Lautru2, M.-F. Wong1, A. Gati1, J. Wiart1, V. Fouad Hanna2;  1Whist Lab, Issy-les-moulineaux, France; 2L2E, Paris, France

A new approach to evaluate near-field induced by a cellular phone in a human head model using an E-field expansion into a basis is proposed. This technique is first based on Huygens principle using equivalent currents on a closed surface which makes it valid for any cellular phone. Then, using Singular Value Decomposition, the generated induced E-field by any cellular phones would be expanded with the orthonormalized modes excited by the equivalent sources in a human head model. Finally, we estimate the error reconstruction of E-field using a reduced number of modes.

15:00         B04.5  REFLECTION/TRANSMISSION MEASUREMENT SYSTEM FOR PLANAR MATERIALS AND VERIFICATION BY THIN WIRE GRIDS

S. E. Bayer, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey;  A. Celik, A. Ergin, Gebze Institute of Technology, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey  

This paper describes a measurement system to evaluate the reflection and transmission (R/T) properties of planar materials have been constructed within the Open-Range EM Laboratory (ASEMLAB) of Gebze Institute of Technology. This manuscript describes this measurement system, calibration process, and the results of an application - measurement of the R/T coefficients of a thin wire mesh. In order to check the measured R/T coefficients of the thin wire mesh a periodic method of moments (PMM) code has been developed. The currents that leave one periodic cell and enter the next are handled in a novel way.

15:20         B04.6  METHOD OF MOMENTS ANALYSIS OF AN AXISYMMETRIC CHIRAL RADOME

H. Mustacoglu, Anaren Microwave, Inc., East Syracuse, NY, United States;  J. R. Mautz, E. Arvas, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States  

An axisymmetric chiral radome has been analyzed numerically by using the method of moments. The chiral body is illuminated by a plane wave and the surface equivalence principle is used to replace the body by equivalent electric and magnetic surface currents. The scattered fields outside and the total internal fields are computed with a Matlab computer program that is developed for axisymmetric chiral radome. Examples of numerical calculations are given for a chiral spherical radome and chiral Von Karman radome. Numerical results of the chiral spherical radome are in excellent agreement with the exact ones obtained by the eigenfunction solution.

15:40          End of the Session

B05 – Theoretical and Numerical Issues in Electromagnetics

Session Chairs: Roberto Graglia, Levent Gurel

Session     B05

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Tuesday, August 16, 13:40-15:40

Room        Loft

13:40         B05.1  WELL CONDITIONED HIERARCHICAL NEDELEC ELEMENTS FOR SURFACE AND VOLUMETRIC CELLS

R. D. Graglia, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy;  A. F. Peterson, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA  

New families of hierarchical vector bases for the most commonly used two- and three-dimensional cells are directly constructed from orthogonal scalar polynomials to enhance their linear independence, which is a simpler process than an orthogonalization applied to the final vector functions. These functions span the mixed-order (or reduced) spaces of Nedelec and can be used to deal with structures meshed by a mixture of cells of tetrahedral, hexahedral, and prism shapes. This presentation reviews recent developments of curl-conforming functions and provides an extension to the divergence-conforming case.

14:00         B05.2  MATERIAL REALIZATIONS OF EXTREME ELECTROMAGNETIC BOUNDARY CONDITIONS AND METASURFACES

A. Sihvola, H. Wallen, P. Yla-Oijala, J. Markkanen, I. V. Lindell, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland

The paper discusses the correspondence between electromagnetic boundary conditions and interface conditions. In particular, the focus is on the synthetic approach where the interest is in finding material realizations for given boundary conditions. Material realizations are approximative but not unique because, especially if anisotropic and bianisotropic materials are allowed, there are different material classes with which any given boundary condition can be mimicked. As examples, the PEC, PMC, PEMC, and DB boundary conditions are discussed. By comparing the scattering characteristics, it is demonstrated how well certain extreme-parameter material realizations are able to simulate the boundary effect.

14:20         B05.3  MOM ANALYSIS OF APERTURES IN CHIRAL BODIES OF REVOLUTION

E. Arvas1, K. Qutubuddin1, H. Mustacoglu2, J. R. Mautz1;  1Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States; 2Anaren Microwave, Inc., East Syracuse, NY, United States

A chiral BOR partially covered by a conducting shield is analyzed using MOM. The problem is solved using the equivalence principle. Scattered fields outside are produced by two equivalent surface currents on the BOR surface that radiate in the unbounded external medium. Internal fields are produced by two surface currents on the BOR surface. These two currents radiate in the unbounded internal medium. Boundary conditions at the surface results in a set of coupled integral equations for unknown currents. They are solved using MOM. Computed results for the partially shielded spherical chiral body are in excellent agreement with other data.

14:40         B05.4  MODEL ORDER REDUCTION METHODS FOR MULTIVARIATE PARAMETERIZED DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS

K. K. Stavrakakis1, T. Wittig2, W. Ackermann1, T. Weiland1;  1Institut fuer Theorie Elektromagnetischer Felder, Darmstadt, Germany; 2CST AG, Darmstadt, Germany

Electrodynamic field simulations in the frequency domain typically require the solution of large dynamical systems. Model order reduction (MOR) techniques offer a fast approach to approximate the system impedance with respect to the frequency parameter. During the design process, it is desirable to vary specified parameters like the frequency, geometry details or material parameters, giving rise to multivariate dynamical systems. In this work, multivariate MOR methods are presented for multivariate parameterized systems based on the finite integration technique. The methods are applied to numerical examples with both geometrical and material variations.

15:00         B05.5  RIGOROUS SOLUTIONS OF LARGE-SCALE DIELECTRIC PROBLEMS WITH THE PARALLEL MULTILEVEL FAST MULTIPOLE ALGORITHM

O. Ergul1, L. Gurel2,2;  1University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom; 2Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey

We present fast and accurate solutions of large-scale electromagnetics problems involving three-dimensional homogeneous dielectric objects. Problems are formulated rigorously with the electric and magnetic current combined-field integral equation (JMCFIE) and solved iteratively with the multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA). In order to solve large-scale problems, MLFMA is parallelized efficiently on distributed-memory architectures using the hierarchical partitioning strategy. Efficiency and accuracy of the developed implementation are demonstrated on very large scattering problems discretized with tens of millions of unknowns.

15:20         B05.6  ANALYSIS OF METAMATERIALS USING ANALYTIC PROPERTIES

L. Vietzorreck, T. Kim, HFT, Munich, Germany

It is investigated, how metamaterial structures with a finite number of repeated cells can be analyzed efficiently. The method of lines, a semi-analytical method is utilized. As the propagation in propagation direction is described analytically, Floquet`s Theorem can be used to transform fields at input and output of one cell into a set of Floquet modes. The propagation of these modes through N periods can easily be calculated by the phase difference. Thus the computation time is independent from the period number. Results for a CRLH transmission line are compared with results of commercial tools and measured results.

15:40          End of the Session

C06 – Green Communications

Session Chair: Jacques Palicot

Session     C06

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Tuesday, August 16, 13:40-15:20

Room        Dolmabahçe A

13:40         C06.1  RF POWER SOURCE AND ESTIMATION DIVERSITY IN DISTRIBUTED SENSING WITH PASSIVE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS

A. O. Bicen, O. B. Akan, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey

Sensor nodes constitute a distributed wireless sensing architecture, such that, multiple sensors report their observations. However, sensor networks are comprised of energy-constrained nodes. Recently, to mitigate battery depletion problem and extend network lifetime, wireless passive sensor networks (WPSN) have become a new field of interest. Modulated backscattering is an important communication technique in WPSN to alleviate reaching unlimited lifetime for sensor nodes. In this paper, we theoretically analyze event distortion in WPSN that is employing modulated backscattering for communication. The objective of this work is to reveal the impact of RF source diversity on event estimation distortion in WPSN.

14:00         C06.2  A COST FUNCTION EXPRESSION FOR SDR MULTI-STANDARD SYSTEMS DESIGN USING DIRECTED HYPERGRAPHS

P. R. Kaiser1, Y. Louet1, A. El Sahili2, J. Palicot1;  1SUPELEC, Rennes, France; 2Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon

The design of future multi-standard systems is very challenging. Flexible architectures exploiting commonalities of different set of standards cohabiting in the device offer promising solutions. In this paper, graph theory aspects are introduced with the stress on the notion of directed hypergraphs. These definitions will be helpful in presenting the theoretical version of the graph structure of the software-defined radio multi-standard system as a directed hypergraph, as well as in providing a formal representation of a certain proposed cost function which computes the cost of any one of the alternatives which can implement the multi-standard system.

14:20         C06.3  DEVELOPMENT OF 24 GHZ RECTENNAS FOR FIXED WIRELESS ACCESS

N. Shinohara, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan;  K. Nishikawa, T. Seki, K. Hiraga, NTT Corporation, Tokyo, Japan  

We need electricity to use wireless information. If we reduce amount of batteries or electrical wires with a wireless power transmission technology via microwave (MPT), it is a green communication system. We Kyoto University propose a Fixed Wireless Access (FWA) system with the MPT with NTT , Japan. In this paper, we show mainly development results of 24GHz rectennas, rectifying antenna, for FWA. We developed some types of the rectennas. Finally we achieve 65% of RF-DC conversion efficiency with output filter of harmonic balance.

14:40         C06.4  HOW TO OPTIMIZE THE SPECTRUM: THE OIL EXPERIENCE

J. Palicot, SUPELEC, Cesson-Svign, France

Since several years, sustainable development (SD) has become an important issue in many technical domains. One of the main contributors in CO2 emission is undoubtly petrol engine. This explains why car industry was the first interested in finding solutions to decrease oil consumption and to optimize car usage. Starting from the idea that spectrum is a natural and public resource which should be carefully used and shared, in this paper we apply to spectrum usage at every levels (standards, equipments, usage, etc.) analogies coming from oil experience.

15:00         C06.5  NON UNIFORM SAMPLING FOR POWER CONSUMPTION REDUCTION IN SDR RECEIVER BASEBAND STAGE

A. Maalej1, M. Ben-Romdhane1, C. Rebai1, P. Desgreys2, P. Loumeau2, A. Ghazel1;  1SUP'COM, Ariana, Tunisia; 2TELECOM ParisTech, PARIS, France

In this paper, authors point out the effect of non uniform sampling (NUS) on the power consumption in SDR receiver baseband stage. This feature is drawn by theoretical formulas regarding spectrum shape and power estimation of different baseband components. An example is drawn to focus on NUS ability to reduce anti-aliasing filter (AAF) consumption by 25%.

15:20          End of the Session

DBC – Signal Processing Antennas

Session Chairs: Smail Tedjini, Alain Sibille, H. Chaloupka

Session     DBC

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Tuesday, August 16, 13:40-15:40

Room        Dolmabahçe B

13:40         DBC.1  ON THE DIVERSITY PERFORMANCE OF COMPACT ANTENNA ARRAYS

M. T. Ivrlac, J. A. Nossek, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Muenchen, Germany

In contrast to common belief, compact antenna arrays are able to deliver excellent diversity performance provided that a multiport network is connected between the array and the receiver which decouples the antenna ports. It turns out that the diversity performance does not change much as the antenna separation is reduced below half a wavelength. In fact, the diversity performance even increases somewhat with reduced antenna spacing. In an isotropic noise environment, and in the absence of heat loss, excellent diversity performance can be maintained even as the antenna separation is made arbitrarily small.

14:00         DBC.2  RFID TAGS LOCALIZATION ALONG AN AXIS USING A TUNABLE NEAR-FIELD FOCUSED CIRCULAR-PHASE ARRAY ANTENNA

R. Siragusa, P. Lemaitre-Auger, A. Pouzin, S. Tedjini, Laboratoire de Conception et d'Intgration des Systmes (LCIS), Valence, France

A novel concept for RFID tag localization using a tunable near-field focused circular-phase array antenna working at 5.8 GHz is presented. It serves as the reader antenna and focuses the power into a small region, in the tag vicinity. By scanning the focal spot along one axis and monitoring the differential scattered power by a tag, its position along the axis is easily computed with good accuracy. This simple localization scheme is well adapted for specific localization scheme, for example for objects placed over a conveyor belt.

14:20         DBC.3  COMPACT TWO-ELEMENT RECONFIGURABLE ANTENNA SYSTEM FOR THE 470-702 MHZ BAND

C. Lach, L. Rudant, C. Delaveaud, CEA-LETI, Grenoble, France;  A. Azoulay, Suplec, Gif-sur-Yvette, France  

This paper presents a miniature reconfigurable dual-antenna system addressing the UHF band. This system has been introduced for small mobile terminals, where form factor is very important. The whole structure respects some design rules in order to optimize antenna performances from diversity performances point of view. A specific active capacitive load has allowed the impedance reconfigurability and antennas miniaturization. Antenna miniaturization is used to combine radiating structures in an electrically small volume. The use of two antennas could bring good diversity gain to mitigate the fast fading effect introduced by multipath in mobility.

14:40         DBC.4  PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF A RECONFIGURABLE MULTIMODE PIXELED ANTENNA IN INDOOR CLUSTERED MIMO CHANNELS

A. Grau Besoli, Broadcom Corporation, Irvine, CA, United States;  F. De Flaviis, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States  

This paper investigates the performance evaluation of a reconfigurable multimode pixeled antenna in wireless communication systems employing antenna pattern/polarization diversity techniques. Simulations have been conducted using an indoor clustered MIMO channel model.

15:00         DBC.5  PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT OF BI-SCALAR BEAMFORMERS IN PRACTICAL PHASED ARRAY FEED SYSTEMS

S. J. Wijnholds, W. A. van Cappellen, ASTRON, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands;  M. V. Ivashina, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden  

We assess the sensitivity and polarimetric performance of a phased array feed (PAF) system in which the two sets of nominally orthogonally polarized elements are beamformed separately. Out simulations of an actual PAF system indicate that such bi-scalar instead of full-polarimetric beamforming results in about 4% sensitivity loss and an XPD of about 45 dB. Our measurements confirm the sensitivity loss, but indicate worse polarimetric performance than the simulations. We indicate how the performance of a PAF system with bi-scalar beamforming can be improved by beamforming the cross-polarization signals and polarimetric corrections to the beamformer outputs.

15:20         DBC.6  ON ANTENNAS FOR COGNITIVE RADIOS

F. Ghanem, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia;  M. R. Hamid, P. S. Hall, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK  

Cognitive Radios (CR) are a concept of radios endowed with an intelligence that allows them to perceive changes in their environment and adapt their parameters to maintain a quality of Service (QoS). While the parameters concerned by the adaptation enclose theoretically all of those of a radio (modulation, coding, ...etc.), it is certainly the change of the operating frequency that is the most characteristic of CR. In light of this new requirement, the present paper analyzes the features that CR antennas can have. Then, examples of frequency reconfigurable antennas developed by our group for CR will be presented.

15:40          End of the Session

EGH – Terrestrial and Planetary Electromagnetics

Session Chairs: Masashi Hayakawa, Yurdanur Tulunay, Colin Price

Session     EGH

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Tuesday, August 16, 13:40-15:40

Room        Galata

13:40         EGH.1  OVERVIEW OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES DUE TO THUNDERSTORM ACTIVITY AND OBSERVED BY DEMETER

M. Parrot, LPC2E/CNRS, Orleans, France

DEMETER is a low orbiting satellite (660 km) which recorded wave and plasma parameters all around the Earth (except in the auroral zones) at two different local times (10.30 and 22.30 LT). This paper will present the emissions observed in relation with the thunderstorm activity. Many different phenomena have been registred. It includes: - various whistlers, - particle precipitation by whistlers, - interaction with the lower hybrid frequency, - observations of MF pulses, - interaction between thunderstorm activity and man-made activity, - triggered emissions by whistlers, and - emissions observed at the time of very powerful lightning strokes

14:00         EGH.2  DETERMINATION OF THE IONOSPHERIC TRANSMISSION LOSS OF THE LOW FREQUENCY EM WAVES BY SIMULTANEOUS MEASUREMENTS OF SATELLITE AND GROUND-BASED EXPERIMENTS

Y. Hobara, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan;  M. Parrot, Larboratoire de Physique et Chimie de lEnvironnment et de lEspace, Orleans, France  

The ionospheric transmission loss has been obtained for different latitudes and local times by comparing the Poynting flux at the lightning source by the ground-based ELF transient measurements with lightning whistlers above the ionosphere observed by DEMETER satellite. As a result, the ionospheric penetration loss increases with decreasing the magnetic latitude and with increasing wave frequency. The penetration loss is much larger in daytime rather than night time. The experimentally obtained results are in good agreement with those from theoretical calculations.

14:20         EGH.3  ELF Q-BURST CAUSED BY EXTRAGALACTIC GAMMA RAY BURST

A. P. Nickolaenko, Usikov Institute for Radio-physics and Electronics, Nat. Acad. of Sci. of the Ukraine, Kharkov, Ukraine;  A. Y. Schekotov, Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth, Moscow, Russia  

Experimental results are presented on electromagnetic pulse associated with the abrupt change in the Earthionosphere cavity caused by the intense gamma ray burst of December 27, 2004. Parameters of observed extremely low frequency pulse correspond to expectations: the source bearing points to the epicenter of ionosphere modification, the waveform is similar to that computed, its amplitude exceeds by a few times the level of regular Schumann resonance background. The ELF pulse onset at the Karymshino observatory (52.8 N, 158.3 E) is ~0.16 s prior to the published time of modification in the VLF records.

14:40         EGH.4  A.C./D.C. ATMOSPHERIC GLOBAL ELECTRIC CIRCUIT PHENOMENA

M. J. Rycroft, CAESAR Consultancy, Cambridge, United Kingdom;  R. G. Harrison, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom  

We review the global circuit driven by thunderstorms and electrified rain clouds. With the ionosphere at an equipotential of ~ +250 kV with respect to the Earth, the load in the circuit is the fair weather atmosphere; its conductivity is mainly determined by the flux of galactic cosmic rays. The circuit exhibits variability in both space and time by more than fifteen orders of magnitude. We discuss results produced by a new electrical engineering analogue model of the circuit constructed using the PSpice software package. Finally, we consider several interesting new experimental observations relating to the topic.

15:00         EGH.5  A VHF BROADBAND INTERFEROMETER FOR LIGHTNING OBSERVATION

T. Ushio1, Z. Kawasaki1,2, M. Akita1, S. Yoshida1, T. Morimoto1, Y. Nakamura1;  1Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; 2Egypt Japan University of Science and Technology, Alexandria, Egypt

A VHF broadband interferometer is a system to locate sources of the radiation events at VHF band by extracting the differences of phases at various frequency components of Fourier spectra between a pair of antennas. Lightning images are derived by sensing the electromagnetic waves from lightning discharge process such as negative stepped leader. Using the system, lightning observations have been carried out firstly for rocket triggered lightning experiment, then, in Darwin Australia, and so on. Based on the successful results, the interferometer system is deployed on the ISS to detect and locate the VHF impulses emitted by lightning from space.

15:20         EGH.6  SEISMOGENIC ULF MAGNETIC ACTIVITY - PECULIARITIES OF REGISTRATION

V. Korepanov, F. Dudkin, Lviv Centre of Institute for Space Research, Lviv, Ukraine

A big number of publications confirm that ultra low frequency (ULF) magnetic precursors were recorded from few weeks up to few hours before earthquakes (EQs). For the detection of magnetic precursors at the background of more powerful sources it is necessary to have magnetic field sensors with wide dynamics and minimum possible spectral noise density. The newly developed technology of EQ-related ULF signals selection is presented. The attempts of this technology application in order to select the candidates for EQ precursors are discussed, basing on the natural ULF signals, collected in India by multi-point synchronized magnetometer network.

15:40          End of the Session

F04 – Active and Passive Remote Sensing of Vegetation (in honor of Roger H. Lang)

Session Chairs: Simonetta Paloscia, Martti Hallikainen

Session     F04

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Tuesday, August 16, 13:40-15:40

Room        Haliç

13:40         F04.1  REMOTE SENSING OF SALINITY: THE DIELECTRIC CONSTANT OF SEA WATER

D. M. Le Vine, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States;  R. H. Lang, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C., United States;  C. Utku, Goddard Earth Science Technology Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States;  Y. Tarkocin, TriTeck Solutions, Annandale, VA, United States  

Global monitoring of sea surface salinity from space requires an accurate model for the dielectric constant of sea water as a function of salinity and temperature to characterize the emissivity of the surface. Measurements are being made at 1.413 GHz, the center frequency of the Aquarius radiometers, using a resonant cavity and the perturbation method. The cavity is operated in transmission mode and immersed in a liquid bath to control temperature. Multiple measurements are made at each temperature and salinity. Error budgets indicate a relative accuracy for both real and imaginary parts of the dielectric constant of about 1%.

14:00         F04.2  EM DISCRETE APPROACH FOR RAINFALL ATTENUATION OF PROPAGATION

S. S. Seker, A. Y. Citkaya, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey

Electromagnetic propagation through sparse distribution of lossy dielectric particles in a rain is investigated. Mathematical model is developed to aid in the interpretation of the interactions data obtained by electromagnetic remote probing of rain. Attenuation is computed, for waves passing through raindrops specified size, shape and distributions. Computer simulation which is based on the model proposed with different shapes was compared with the experimental data, and excellent agreement was obtained.

14:20         F04.3  POTENTIALS OF X-BAND ACTIVE AND PASSIVE MICROWAVE SENSORS IN MONITORING VEGETATION BIOMASS

S. Paloscia, P. Pampaloni, S. Pettinato, E. Santi, M. Brogioni, G. Fontanelli, G. Macelloni, Institute of Applied Physics - National Research Council - IFAC-CNR, Florence, Italy

In this paper the potentials of both emissivity and backscatter at X-band for the monitoring of plant parameters are investigated and the interrelations between these two quantities are discussed. Remote sensing data collected in agricultural surfaces and for different crop types in Italy have been analyzed and compared with vegetation parameters (mainly plant water content and leaf area index) measured on ground . A discrete element radiative transfer model tuned for both active and passive cases was used to perform a sensitivity analysis. A direct comparison of measured emissivity and backscattering is carried out.

14:40         F04.4  BACKSCATTER MEASUREMENTS OVER VEGETATION BY GROUND-BASED MICROWAVE RADARS

M. Kurum, P. O'Neill, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States

In the study of radar backscattering from vegetated terrain, it is important to understand how the electromagnetic wave interacts with vegetation and underlying ground. In this paper, an expression of backscattering from a vegetation canopy in the case of spherical wave illumination is derived. Such an expression might apply to the practical case of a ground-based scatterometer overlooking vegetation. The relative importance of the beamwidth as well as platform height on backscattering from vegetated terrain is studied. Preliminary results indicate that the discrepancy with plane wave illumination can be rather significant, and therefore should not be overlooked.

15:00         F04.5  CALCULATION OF THE DOUBLE SCATTERING FROM LOSSY DIELECTRIC CYLINDERS

Q. Zhao, R. H. Lang, The George Washington University, Washington,DC, United States

A numerical Fresnel Double Scattering (FDS) method is presented in this paper to accurately calculate the bistatic cross sections due to double scattering between two lossy dielectric cylinders in the Fresnel zone of each other. The cylinders have a comparable size to the wavelength for L band frequencies. It is demonstrated that the FDS results reduce to the far field results when the scatterers are sufficiently far apart. The FDS method can be employed to study the double scattering effects between tree branches in microwave forest scattering models.

15:20         F04.6  COHERENCE EFFECTS IN L-BAND ACTIVE AND PASSIVE REMOTE SENSING OF QUASI-PERIODIC CORN CANOPIES

C. Utku, Goddard Earth Sciences & Technology Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, United States;  R. H. Lang, George Washington University, Washington, D.C., United States  

Due to their highly random nature, vegetation canopies can be modeled using the incoherent transport theory for active and passive remote sensing applications. Agricultural vegetation canopies however are generally more structured than natural vegetation. The inherent row structure in agricultural canopies induces coherence effects disregarded by the transport theory. The objective of this study is to demonstrate, via Monte-Carlo simulations, these coherence effects on L-band scattering and thermal emission from corn canopies consisting of only stalks.

15:40          End of the Session

G04 – Practical Applications and Techniques for the Use of Ionosonde Data

Session Chairs: Paul Cannon, Lee-Anne McKinnell

Session     G04

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Tuesday, August 16, 13:40-15:40

Room        Topkapi A

13:40         G04.1  PRINCIPLES OF DYNASONDE NAVIGATOR

M. Rietveld, EISCAT Scientific Association, Ramfjordbotn, Norway;  N. Zabotin, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States  

Dynasonde is an ideology of precision ionospheric radio sounding based on rigorously taking into account phase characteristics of a radio echo. Unique products of phase ionosondes intended for various Space Weather-related applications include: echo recognition and noise discrimination, echo classification into traces, scaling of standard ionospheric parameters, 3-D plasma density inversion (NeXtYZ) including true vertical profile with error bars, small-scale irregularity diagnostics, and vector velocities, all obtained autonomously from ionogram data. Our report describes details of implementation of Dynasonde principles in operation of the web portal Dynasonde Navigator (http://dynserv.eiscat.uit.no) hosted by EISCAT.

14:00         G04.2  GLOBAL IONOSPHERIC RADIO OBSERVATORY (GIRO): STATUS AND PROSPECTIVE

I. A. Galkin1, B. W. Reinisch1,2;  1University of Massachusetts Lowell, Center for Atmospheric Research, Lowell, MA, United States; 2Lowell Digisonde International, LLC, Lowell, MA, United States

The Global Ionospheric Radio Observatory (GIRO), http://giro.uml.edu, acquires and disseminates HF ionospheric sounding data from 64 Digisonde locations in 27 countries. GIRO publishes its 30+ million record holdings over Internet, provides interactive environment to data interpretation experts, and forwards real-time data for assimilation and forecast of radiowave propagation and space weather. Of importance to the ionospheric community are the long-term holdings of manually validated electron density profiles for modeling, studies of the autoscaling uncertainty, and validation of alternative measurement techniques. Real-time GIRO feeds will be used to build an assimilative International Reference Ionosphere model.

14:20         G04.3  HIGH PERFORMANCE IONOSPHERIC SOUNDING

T. W. Bullett, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States

The application of digital receivers, digital signal processing and other advanced electronics and antenna technologies have become sufficiently mature and cost effective to be implemented into High Frequency radars for ionospheric sounding. When these technologies are used to improve the performance of the HF radar, new observational modes with greater resolution, sensitivity and precision are possible, which allow for discovery, research and renewed investigation of the ionosphere. This paper presents unique data from high performance ionosondes.

14:40         G04.4  THE SOUTH AFRICAN IONOSONDE NETWORK: PAST AND PRESENT

L.-A. McKinnell1,2, N. Ssessanga1,2, H. Coetzee3, D. Okoh4;  1Hermanus Magnetic Observatory, Hermanus, South Africa; 2Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa; 3GrinTek Ewation, Pretoria, South Africa; 4University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria

The South African ionosonde network has played an extensive role in African Space Physics studies since 1973, and continues to do so with a four ionosonde site network. This paper will describe the growth of this network, and the various practical projects that the network has been involved in, and indeed, made possible over the past decade. Future planned projects will also be discussed, and will include endeavors to grow the network into Africa. In addition, the South African ionospheric map will be used as an example of successful practical applications for the data collected from this network.

15:00         G04.5  ON THE USE OF IONOSONDE PROFILES IN THE ELECTRON DENSITY ASSIMILATIVE MODEL (EDAM)

N. K. Jackson-Booth1, M. Angling1,2;  1QinetiQ, Malvern, United Kingdom; 2Poynting Institute, University of Birming, Birmingham, United Kingdom

The Electron Density Assimilative Model (EDAM) assimilates disparate ionospheric measurements into a background ionospheric model in order to produce 3D representations of ionospheric electron density. Previous tests using EDAM and ground based slant total electron content data have demonstrated that this type of data contains limited information on the vertical structure of the ionosphere. By assimilating data from ionosondes into the model, information regarding the profile peak below the F2 layer can be obtained. This paper describes an assimilation test scenario in the Republic of South Africa and reports on the benefits of including ionosonde data in EDAM.

15:20         G04.6  THE PROJECT OF MONITORING THE IONOSPHERE OVER RUSSIAN FEDERATION BY MEANS OF DIGITAL FMCW IONOSONDES NETWORK

A. G. Kim, K. G. Ratovsky, V. V. Khakhinov, V. I. Kurkin, Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences/Siberian Branch, Irkutsk, Russian Federation

For monitoring the current ionospheric conditions over Russian Federation area in quasi real-time we offer to use modern digital FMCW vertical incidence ionospheric stations capable to receive oblique incidence signals during vertical sounding session. Newness of such ionospheric network consists in combining capabilities of vertical incidence and oblique incidence ionosondes. It becomes possible because of operative technique for reconstruction ionospheric parameters at path midpoint and appearance of modern digital multichannel receivers which were examined by few continuous experimental works in Russian Federation.

15:40          End of the Session

HT – Major developments in our understanding of electric antennas in space plasmas

Session Chair: Yoshiharu Omura

Session     HT

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Tuesday, August 16, 13:40-14:40

Room        Topkapi B

13:40         HT.1  MAJOR DEVELOPMENTS IN OUR UNDERSTANDING OF ELECTRIC ANTENNAS IN SPACE PLASMAS

G. James, Communications Research Centre Canada, Ottawa, Canada

Salient points in the history of the science of dipoles as an important part of space radio science methodology are reviewed. From its earliest days, the study of spontaneous radio emissions of geospace has required accurate measurements of wave electric fields. This review starts with the work done early in the space age on distributed dipole behaviour in cold magnetoplasmas. Evidence of the effects of hot-plasma wave modes and of the response of space plasma excited by active antennas led to a broadening of the dipole theory to include the generation and detection of electrostatic waves. The observations of plasma nonlinearities during the operation of active dipoles required further explanation. Indications of nonlinearity included spectra implying parametric processes and the RF- pumping of ambient ions and electrons, both in the dipole near fields. The challenge today of understanding the inherent complexity of dipoles in magnetoplasmas may be met by recourse to particle-in-cell methods to predict classic antenna properties such as impedance, radiated field or effective length.

14:40          End of the Session

J04 – Space and Moon-based radio astronomy: science and technology

Session Chair: Leonid Gurvits

Session     J04

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Tuesday, August 16, 13:40-15:40

Room        Marmara

13:40         J04.1  THE PLANCK MISSION

H.-U. Norgaard-Nielsen, Danish Space Research Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark

Planck is an astronomical satellite part of the Scientific Programme of the European Space Agency, which is designed to image the anisotropies of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) over the whole sky, with unprecedented sensitivity and angular resolution. Planck was launched together with Herschel on 14 May 2009. By August 2011, it will have completed almost three full sky surveys. In January 2011 the first data products and scientific results were released to the public. I will present an overview of the Planck mission, its scientific objectives, the key elements of its technical design, current status, and first scientific results

14:00         J04.2  SPACE-BASED ULTRA-LONG WAVELENGTH RADIO ASTRONOMY AN OVERVIEW OF TODAYS INITIATIVES

M. Bentum1,2, A.-J. Boonstra2, W. Baan2;  1University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands; 2ASTRON, Dwingeloo, Netherlands

Space based ultra-long wavelength radio astronomy has recently gained interest. The need for large effective apertures spread over long ranges implies that advanced technologies are required, which is in reach at this moment. This together with the unexplored frequency band below 30 MHz makes these initiatives very interesting. Due to a combination of ionospheric scintillation below ~30MHz, its opaqueness below ~10MHz, and man-made RFI, earth-bound radio astronomy observations are either severely limited in sensitivity and spatial resolution or entirely impossible. In this paper we will present current initiatives to reach this new and unexplored low frequency band.

14:20         J04.3  STATUS AND MAIN PARAMETERS OF THE SPACE VLBI MISSION RADIOASTRON

M. Popov, Astro Space Center of the Lebedev Physicxal institute, Moscow, Russian Federation

The RadioAstron project is an international collaborative mission to launch a free-flying satellite carrying a 10-m space radio telescope (SRT) into an elliptical orbit around the Earth. The aim of the mission is to use the space telescope for radio astronomical observations using VLBI (Very Long Baseline Interferometry) techniques in conjunction with ground-based VLBI networks. We explain basic parameters of the on-board scientific equipment as was measured during the final tests. Peculiarities of RadioAstron moon-perturbed orbit will be discussed. We will describe satellite operations, experiment scheduling, and science access to the mission

14:40         J04.4  PRECISION RADIO SCIENCE FOR PLANETARY GRAVITY, ATMOSPHERIC AND SURFACE INVESTIGATIONS

S. Asmar, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, United States

Radio Science techniques, microwave links between spacecraft and ground stations, have produced numerous discoveries. SNR and geometrical limitations require new instrumentation such as spacecraft-spacecraft links that require special open-loop receiver. One is on GRACE/GRAIL for gravitational measurements; another onboard New Horizons for uplink occultation. One on MRO demonstrated the method with Odyssey. A new receiver designed to meet Radio Science requirements has been prototyped for the Europa and Ganymede orbiters scientific objectives of occultations of the atmosphere and ionosphere of Jupiter and its satellites, as well as the rings, and bistatic scattering from surfaces of the satellites.

15:00         J04.5  INTRODUCTION OF PROMOTING VERY LONG BASELINE INTERFEROMETRY FOR DEEP SPACE TRACKING IN CHINA

J. Ping, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, CAS, Shanghai, China

VLBI has been developed in China near 30 years. Since 2003, the astronomical VLBI technique was adapted for tracking and orbiting the Chinese ChangE 1 & 2 missions, and played important role on positioning the orbit injection and hard landing. Since 2007, the concepts of open loop Doppler, DOR and DOD have been accepted by Chinese VLBI system for Martian missions. In the near future, same beam VLBI technique will also be applied by this system for tracking dual Martian mission Phbos-Grunt and Yinghuo-1, as well as positioning the ChangE-3/4 landers & rovers.

15:20         J04.6  VLBI TRACKING OF THE SOLAR SAIL MISSION IKAROS

H. Takeuchi, ISAS/JAXA, Sagamihara, Japan

IKAROS is the world's first solar sail spacecraft which was launched in 2010. To determine the orbit under the continuous big influence of solar radiation pressure, VLBI observation is effective because sky plane position of the spacecraft can be directly determined by VLBI observables without a priori assumption for solar radiation pressure model. In order to effectively perform VLBI measurements, Delta-DOR multi-tone generator was installed to the spacecraft. A total number of 24 VLBI experiments among 8 agencies were performed during July and August in 2010. Data processing algorithm and initial results of orbit determination are presented.

15:40          End of the Session

H04 – Wave-particle Interactions and Their Effects on Planetary Radiation Belts II

Session Chairs: Jacob Bortnik, Craig Rodger, Bruce Tsurutani, Richard Horne

Session     H04

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Tuesday, August 16, 14:40-15:40

Room        Topkapi B

14:40         H04.1  CONJUGATE STUDIES OF WHISTLER-MODE WAVES IN THE VAN ALLEN RADIATION BELTS

O. Santolik1, J. S. Pickett2, M. Parrot3, D. A. Gurnett2, N. Cornilleau-Wehrlin4;  1Institute of Atmospheric Physics and Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; 2University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA; 3LPC2E/CNRS, Orleans, France; 4LPP/Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France

Whistler-mode waves, especially chorus, can influence energetic electrons in the Van Allen radiation belts. These electromagnetic waves propagate over long distances in the magnetosphere. It has been previously shown that chorus can propagate from its equatorial source down to the subauroral ionosphere. We investigate cases where whistler-mode waves were simultaneously measured by the Cluster spacecraft in the magnetosphere and by the low-orbiting Demeter spacecraft. Multicomponent measurements of both these spacecraft missions allow us to investigate the wave-vector directions and Poynting flux. We can therefore show conjugate propagation properties of the waves in two different magnetospheric regions.

15:00         H04.2  DETECTION OF MAGNETOSPHERICALLY DUCTED VLF SIGNALS GEOMAGNETICALLY CONJUGATE TO A RUSSIAN ALPHA TRANSMITTER AT L=1.9

M. B. Cohen1, M. Golkowski2, U. S. Inan1,3, M. Parrot4;  1Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States; 2University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, United States; 3Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey; 4CNRS, Orleans, France

The Russian 'Alpha' transmitters broadcast alternating pulses between 11-15 kHz for navigation. A fraction of the VLF energy escapes into the magnetosphere, is guided by ducts, amplified by interaction with radiation belt particles, and observed at the geomagnetic conjugate point. We analyze VLF data from Adelaide, Australia, conjugate to Komsomolsk transmitter. An automated detection scheme separates the subionospheric and magnetospheric signals. We track availability of ducts at L=1.9 and find them present often. We correlate to geomagnetic conditions and assess the role of wave growth and triggering from wave-particle interactions, and compare to DEMETER satellite measurements.

15:20         H04.3  ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES OBSERVED BY DEMETER DURING SUSTAINED MAGNETIC ACTIVITY

M. Parrot, LPC2E/CNRS, Orleans, France

DEMETER is a low polar orbiting satellite (660 km) which was operating for more than six years. This paper will present an overview of the electromagnetic waves observed during sustained magnetic activity, and then enhanced by a wave-particle interaction. It includes: - waves such as hiss, chorus, QP (Quasi Periodic) emissions, triggered emissions, EMIC (ElectroMagnetic Ion Cyclotron) waves in the equatorial region, - emissions at the lower hybrid frequency, - man-made waves such as PLHR (Power Line Harmonic Radiation) and MLR (Magnetospheric Line Radiation), and - specific waves recorded during very intense magnetic activities or in particular regions (SAA, sub-auroral zones).

15:40          End of the Session


AB1 – Antenna Measurement

Session Chair: William Davis

Session     AB1

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Wednesday, August 17, 08:00-10:40

Room        Dolmabahçe C

08:00         AB1.1  TOWARD ACCURATE ANTENNA MEASUREMENTS USING MULTI-PROBE SYSTEMS

T. A. Laitinen1, J. Toivanen2, P. Vainikainen1;  1Aalto University School of Electrical Engineering, Espoo, Finland; 2Said Business School, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

A few important aspects related to spherical multi-probe antenna measurements and their future research and development needs are discussed. In particular, the significance of the test zone field compensation technique as an enabler for accurate antenna measurements with multi-probe systems is addressed.

08:20         AB1.2  RAPID MILLIMETER-WAVE ANTENNA MEASUREMENTS USING A NOVEL TABLE-TOP BIPOLAR PLANAR NEAR-FIELD TECHNIQUE

Y. Rahmat-Samii, T. Brockett, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, United States

Bipolar planar antenna measurements have been used as an alternative to other planar scanning techniques such as plane-rectangular or plane-polar scanning. Bipolar scanning features important advantages such as the elimination of linear motion in measurement, increased stability, compact footprint, and a variety of data acquisition modes. These advantages mitigate many of the issues of measuring small antennas operating at millimeter-wave frequencies. This paper describes and elaborate on the advantages of the bipolar scanner for millimeter-wave antenna measurement, including at introduction of new scanning modes that can help dramatically reduce measurement time over previously implemented scanning modes.

08:40         AB1.3  DESIGN AND REALIZATION OF A PLANAR NEAR FIELD ANTENNA MEASUREMENT SYSTEM

Y. Ozturk1,2, F. Ustuner1;  1TUBITAK BILGEM UEKAE, Gebze, Turkey; 2Gebze Institute of Technology, Cayýrova, Turkey

Radiation pattern measurement is one of the major issues in antenna characterization. This measurement is performed in the far field range, which can be several tens of meters for the case of directive antennas. Near field approach renders these measurements possible inside a small laboratory. Nevertheless, since the design and the realization of near field antenna measurement systems require detailed engineering, they are fairly expensive. For obtaining a low-cost, maintainable and native near field antenna measurement system, an engineering activity was conducted and a near field measurement system was developed. Here we present antenna patterns measured by this system.

09:00         AB1.4  A DIRECT MATRIX APPROACH TO 3-D ANTENNA RADIATION-PATTERN ESTIMATION FROM PARTIALLY-SCANNED SPHERICAL NEAR-FIELD DATA

T. Yang, W. A. Davis, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States

Far-field radiation-pattern estimation is explored for partially-scanned, spherical near-field data resulting from physical limitations of antenna under test or associated measurement systems. A direct matrix approach, based on spherical-wave expansions, is found to be simple and effective for constructing the 3D pattern from partially-scanned near-field data. Criteria on the minimum near-field data for full 3D pattern reconstruction is explained. The concept of the direct matrix approach is demonstrated for mobile and horn antennas. A reduction of the scan time is an added benefit of this antenna measurement method.

09:20          Tea/Coffee Break

09:40         AB1.5  THE ENGINEERING IMPLEMENT OF ANTENNA TIME-DOMAIN NEAR-FIELD MEASUREMENT SYSTEM

B. Cui, Z. Xue, N. Wang, W. Ren, W. Li, X. Xu, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China

At present, a complete measurement system has been built up successfully by our laboratory, besides its engineering implement has been accomplished also. We can show an antennas radiation field in a form of 3D animation dynamically with this measurement system, which demonstrates the time-domain near-field measurement theory and the time-domain near-field measurement system are practical. The present paper will introduce the basic principles, the components of the system and the essential techniques. The screenshots of the dynamic 3D animation will be shown in the part of conclusion at last.

10:00         AB1.6  AN INNOVATIVE AND EFFICIENT METHOD TO MEASURE SMALL ANTENNAS IN WATER CONDUITS

D. Trinchero, R. Stefanelli, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy

Wireless Sensor Networks have been recently proposed for applications in many systems. Among all, the possibility to insert a node inside a liquid has attracted attention by few authors. The paper presents the design and construction of a test bench for experimental characterization of antennas inside liquids. The design has involved the classification of a large variety of pipelines, among which three different samples have been selected. The pipeline has consequently been configured in order to host fixed or mobile antennas, which can be wired towards the external part of the conduit, to facilitate their connection to a network analyzer.

10:20         AB1.7  A MODIFIED VERSION OF THE RADIATION PATTERN INTEGRATION METHOD FOR THE MEASUREMENTS OF THE RADIATION EFFICIENCY OF ELECTRICALLY SMALL MAGNETIC ANTENNAS

R. Stefanelli, D. Trinchero, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy

The radiation efficiency of an antenna is always critical to characterize experimentally. In this paper four methods are reviewed and analyzed: the Wheeler method, Q method, radiometric method and radiation pattern integration method. Among them, a modified version of the last is introduced, in order to obtain a more efficient and faster measurement procedure, applicable to the characterization of small magnetic antennas. The simulation results demonstrate that using this method an improvement of 70% of the time and calculation effort can be reached. Nevertheless, the method introduces an acceptable uncertainty, never larger than 0.5 dB.

10:40          End of the Session

B06 – Multiscale Modeling and Applications to Composite Materials

Session Chairs: Niklas Wellander, Daniel Sjoberg

Session     B06

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Wednesday, August 17, 08:00-10:40

Room        Anadolu Auditorium

08:00         B06.1  ANTI-RESONANT RESPONSE OF RESONANT INCLUSIONS?

H. Wallen, H. Kettunen, J. Qi, A. Sihvola, Aalto University School of Electrical Engineering, Espoo, Finland

When retrieving the material parameters of a metamaterial with resonant inclusions, the expected Lorentz-like resonance in one parameter typically yields an unexpected and unphysical so-called antiresonance in the other effective parameter. Using a simple model problem with plasmonic cylinders, we discuss some explanations for the antiresonance-problem and argue that the fundamental reason is that the assumed homogeneous model with sharp boundaries is insufficient when the retrieval fails to produce physically reasonable results. Some promising paths towards a better model are also briefly discussed.

08:20         B06.2  CHARACTERIZATION OF THE OPTICAL MODES IN 3D-PERIODIC ARRAYS OF METALLIC NANOSPHERES

S. Campione1, S. Steshenko2,3, M. Albani2, F. Capolino1;  1University of California, Irvine, Irvine, United States; 2University of Siena, Siena, Italy; 3Institute of Radiophysics and Electronics of the National Academy of Sciences, Kharkiv, Ukraine

Complex optical modes in 3D-periodic arrays of metallic nanospheres are analyzed at optical frequencies for both longitudinal and transversal (with respect to the mode traveling direction) polarization states. Each nanosphere is modeled to act as a single dipole by using the single dipole approximation approach, and the metal permittivity is described by the Drude model. Complex mode dispersion diagrams, the figure of merit and effective refractive index versus frequency are shown and compared with those obtained with Maxwell Garnett homogenization theory. Comparison with effective permittivity retrieved by scattering parameters of finite-thickness structures will be shown during the presentation.

08:40         B06.3  HOMOGENIZATION OF A NONLOCAL ELECTROSTATIC EQUATION

N. Wellander1,2;  1Swedish Defence Research Agency, FOI, Linkoping, Sweden; 2Lund University, Lund, Sweden

We find the effective (homogenized) properties of a composite (a heterogeneous material) supplied with spatially non-local constitutive relations. We homogenize an electrostatic equation in a periodic setting. The current density is given as a spatial convolution of the electric field with a conductivity kernel. It turns out that the homogenized equation also has a nonlocal constitutive relation if we do not scale the non-localness. However, if we decrease the neighborhood which influence the current density simultaneously as we make the fine structure scale finer and finer then we obtain a constitutive relation which is local.

09:00         B06.4  TRANSFORMATION MEDIA FOR FINITE ELEMENT SOLUTION OF MULTI-SCALE ELECTROMAGNETIC BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS

M. Kuzuoglu, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey;  O. Ozgun, Middle East Technical University - Northern Cyprus Campus, Mersin, Turkey  

We present coordinate transformation techniques for solving multi-scale electromagnetic boundary value problems involving fine geometrical features. The purpose is to eliminate fine mesh and to allow uniform and easy-to-generate meshes in the finite element solution of multi-scale problems by introducing metamaterial regions into the computational domain. The approaches are based on the form-invariance property of Maxwells equations. The medium where the coordinate transformation is applied is equivalent to an anisotropic medium whose constitutive parameters are determined by the Jacobian of the transformation. Several numerical simulations are illustrated in the context of electromagnetic scattering problems.

09:20          Tea/Coffee Break

09:40         B06.5  SCATTERING MEASUREMENTS IN A PARALLEL PLATE WAVEGUIDE - FIRST RESULTS

C. Larsson1,2, S. Esen Bayer1,3, M. Gustafsson1, G. Kristensson1, D. Sjoberg1, C. Sohl1, I. Vakili1;  1Lund University, Lund, Sweden; 2Saab Dynamics, Linkoping, Sweden; 3Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey

This paper describes a parallel plate waveguide for scattering and material measurements. The setup can for certain scatterers be considered as a 2D radar cross section (RCS) range. Measurements on metallic circular cylinders are performed, and the forward RCS and the extinction cross section are determined. Two different calibration methods are used, and it is found that the method employing a calibration object is the most accurate. It is concluded that the 2D RCS in the forward direction can be measured with +-1 dB accuracy at the 10 cm level and with +-3 dB accuracy at the 1 cm level.

10:00         B06.6  ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELD DYADIC GREENS FUNCTIONS AND DEPOLARIZING DYAD FOR A MAGNETIC CURRENT IMMERSED IN A UNIAXIAL DIELECTRIC-FILLED PARALLEL PLATE WAVEGUIDE

M. J. Havrilla, Air Force Institute of Technology, WPAFB, OH, United States

The principal and reflected electric and magnetic field dyadic Greens functions for a magnetically-excited PEC parallel-plate waveguide filled with a uniaxial dielectric are derived. It is shown that the source maintains TEz and TMz field sets that don't couple at the PEC boundaries. A relatively simple formulation for computing the magnetic field Greens function is developed. A Leibnitz rule methodology for computing the depolarizing dyad is also presented, resulting in Greens functions that are valid outside and inside the source region. Future research involving these Greens functions in characterizing uniaxial materials is discussed.

10:20         B06.7  ACHERS CONSTRAINT ON THE HIGH-FREQUENCY MAGNETIC PERFORMANCE OF COMPOSITES

K. N. Rozanov, ITAE, Moscow, Russian Federation

The paper generalizes the results available from the literature on the constraint on the high-frequency permeability of magnetic composites, with the stress made on the opportunities for obtaining of materials with high microwave permeability. The rigorous derivation is presented of the integral constraint on the permeability. A simple estimation of the effect of eddy currents is given. The applicability limits and opportunities to over-come the constraint are discussed. That the constraint is believed to be invalid in flake particles with hard mag-netic axis perpendicular to the flake plane and in tiny magnetic particles possessing exchange resonance modes.

10:40          End of the Session

CBD – Vehicular Communications

Session Chair: Alain Sibille

Session     CBD

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Wednesday, August 17, 08:00-09:20

Room        Dolmabahçe A

08:00         CBD.1  PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF VEHICLE-TO-VEHICLE TUNNEL MEASUREMENTS AT 5.9 GHZ

V. Shivaldova1, G. Maier1, D. Smely2, N. Czink3, A. Paier3, C. F. Mecklenbraeuker1;  1Institute of Telecommunications, Vienna, Austria; 2Telecommunications Research Center Vienna, Vienna, Austria; 3Kapsch TrafficCom, Vienna, Austria

In this contribution, we discuss and analyze results from real-world performance measurements for IEEE 802.11p along motorway A22 near Vienna, Austria. More specifically, we evaluate the frame success ratio and goodput of the IEEE 802.11p physical layer for a vehicle-to-vehicle scenario in a tunnel. We report and discuss the observed frame success ratios and goodputs for radio channels between the transmit and the receive antenna with and without a line-of-sight component, and investigate the impact of the propagation environment and the traffic situation inside the tunnel.

08:20         CBD.2  ADAPTIVE MIMO ALGORITHMS FOR TRAIN-TO-WAYSIDE TRANSMISSIONS IN TUNNELS

C. Nsiala-nzeza1, Y. Cocheril1, B. Vrigneau2, C. Langlais3, M. Berbineau1;  1IFSTTAR, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France; 2Universit de Poitiers, Poitiers, France; 3Institut Telecom-Telecom Bretagne, BREST, France

This paper presents enhancements of train-to-wayside transmission systems, based on MIMO with and without channel state information at transmitter to increase performance without increasing the number of modems and power. The channel in tunnel with a masking train is modeled with the Kronecker model obtained with a 3D ray tracing tool. The MIMO schemes considered are: SM, STBC, max-dmin and P-OSM at 5.8 GHz with a targeted Frame Error Rate of 3.10-2 for a frame length of 100 bytes. They are compared in terms of signal to noise ratio (SNR) versus spectral efficiency.

08:40         CBD.3  DISTRIBUTED MIMO INTERFERENCE ALIGNMENT IN PRACTICAL WIRELESS SYSTEMS

G. W. K. Colman, T. J. Willink, Communications Research Centre Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

In order for interference alignment (IA) techniques to be implemented in future generation mobile multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications systems, they must be shown to be robust to system limitations such as quantisation and delay. Current IA algorithms in the literature assume global and instantaneous channel knowledge. In this paper, a novel IA algorithm is proposed which uses limited feedback and local channel information. Simulations using realistic channel models show that this algorithm can provide viable communications in the overloaded MIMO interference channel.

09:00          End of the Session

DB2 – Plasmonics

Session Chairs: Frédérique de Fornel, Nader Engheta

Session     DB2

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Wednesday, August 17, 08:00-10:40

Room        Dolmabahçe B

08:00         DB2.1  NANOPLASMONICS: NEW DESIGN CONCEPTS FOR NANOSCALE OPTICAL CAVITIES

A. Fernandez Dominguez, S. A. Maier, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

The design of nanoplasmonic cavities exploiting coherent processes such as sub- and superradiance as well as Fano-type interactions will be discussed. In such cavities, interactions between bright and dark localized plasmon modes lead to a complex mode spectrum, which can be visualized using electron energy loss spectroscopy. First implementations fabricated using electron beam lithography will be presented. Furthermore, it will be shown how the concept of transformation optics can be utilized for the design of nanoresonators with a broadband absorption spectrum, showing high promise for light harvesting over the whole visible and infrared range of the spectrum.

08:20         DB2.2  ACTIVE PLASMONICS

A. V. Zayats, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

We will discuss various plasmonic approaches for controlling photonic signals on subwavelength scales. Plasmonic crystals, plasmonic waveguiding components as well a new plasmonic platform based on metamaterials will be presented. Particular emphasis will be given to achieving active functionalities using various control stimuli such as electronic and magnetic fields and all-optically. Amplification of plasmonic signals and dispersion management will also be addressed. Active and tuneable plasmonic components are required for development of integrated photonic circuits, in high-density data storage as well as bio- and chemo-sensing lab-on-a-chip systems, to name a few.

08:40         DB2.3  NONLINEAR PLASMONICS

F. Capasso, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States

Surface Plasmon Polaritons (SSPs) can achieve concentration of light into sub-wavelength regions thus opening up rich new directions in physical optics and photonics. We present experiments on plasmonic nanocavities patterned on the surface of metals and semiconductors and designed to concentrate light in nanoscale volumes. This has led us to the observation of large enhancements of nonlinear optical phenomena such as four wave mixing in gold.

09:00         DB2.4  CONTROLLING SINGLE-MOLECULE EMISSION WITH DIELECTRIC AND PLASMONIC ANTENNAS

V. Sandoghdar, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Erlangen, Germany

Modification of the radiative properties of atoms has been an exciting topic of research in quantum optics for about three decades. While the usual approaches to this problem have used microcavities for molding the available modes, more recent developments have exploited the concept of antennas in the near field. In this talk, I will give a brief overview of our theoretical and experimental achievements in inducing directed emission by single molecules and enhancing their spontaneous emission rates. We will also discuss future prospects of this line of research and its applications

09:20          Tea/Coffee Break

09:40         DB2.5  DIAMOND NANOPARTICLES AS SURFACE-PLASMON LAUNCHERS: TOWARDS A DETERMINISTIC QUANTUM PLASMONICS

S. Huant, A. Cuche, O. Mollet, A. Drezet, Institut Neel/ CNRS & UJF Grenoble, Grenoble, France

A nanodiamond hosting two NV centers is attached to the apex of an optical fiber-tip and illuminated by a laser light guided by the fiber itself. Gold films are dipped into the optical near field of this tip. The fluorescence light generated by the NVs launches surface plasmons that are imaged by near-field microscopy. Since the nanodiamond is a quasi single-photon source, we argue that single surface plasmons form the experimental images. This is a first step towards a deterministic quantum plasmonics where quantum plasmons can be launched at any freely chosen position in a plasmonic receptacle.

10:00         DB2.6  INTEGRATED PLASMONIC SYSTEMS FOR ULTRASENSITIVE SPECTROSCOPY AND BIODETECTION

H. Altug, A. A. Yanik, R. Adato, M. Huang, A. Artar, S. Aksu, A. E. Çetin, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA

Plasmonics, by localizing light to the sub-wavelength volumes and dramatically enhancing local fields, is enabling myriad of exciting opportunities for construction of novel photonic devices and integrated nanophotonic systems. In this talk, I will present our recent work on integrated on-chip plasmonics, nanofluidics, and metamaterials and their applications in ultrasensitive spectroscopy and biodetection.

10:20         DB2.7  FROM NEAR-FIELD TO FAR-FIELD: RADIATIVE COUPLING OF PARTICLE PLASMON RESONANCES IN THREE-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRIES

R. Taubert, H. Giessen, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany

We demonstrate superradiant-like eects in a three-dimensional arrangement of particle plasmonic oscillators at Bragg distance. In a Bragg-stacked multilayer structure we observe the formation of a very broad photonic band gap that spans almost one octave in the optical frequency range.

10:40          End of the Session

E05 – Spectrum Management

Session Chairs: Terje Tjelta, R. Struzak

Session     E05

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Wednesday, August 17, 08:00-10:40

Room        Galata

08:00         E05.1  PHYSICAL, TECHNICAL, PRACTICAL, ECONOMICAL, AND REGULATORY ASPECTS OF SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT

T. Tjelta, Telenor, Fornebu, Norway;  R. Struzak, National Institue of Telecommunications, Wroclaw, Poland  

The radio spectrum is a highly value resource that call for efficient utilisation. This includes robust interference tolerant radio equipment and cost-effective spectrum management regimes. The pressure on suitable spectrum is high, particularly for mobile data services. The management at all levels meets new challenges: either it is traditional command and control methods or liberalised market mechanisms. Spectrum for specified radio services and systems is challenged by free utilisation of spectrum commons. The way forward is an evolutionary path where laws of physics must be respected, but advance technology allowed and more flexible regulatory regimes put into work.

08:20         E05.2  SPECTRUM CONSIDERATIONS FOR GLOBAL BROADBAND ACCESS

C. Langtry, International Telecommunication Union, Geneva, Switzerland

ITU plays a leading role in establishing the standards and spectrum arrangements for the current IMT-2000 (3G) systems and for IMT-Advanced, which provides the global platform for the next generations of mobile broadband services. It is now timely to review the initial forecasts of spectrum requirements that were made and to assess what further actions may be required to realize global mobile broadbands vast potential to connect the world. This review is being addressed in the ITU-Rs Study Group and Conference activities.

08:40         E05.3  FLEXIBLE SPECTRUM USAGE FOR THE FUTURE BROADBAND MOBILE AND FIXED CONVERGENCE

L. Sun, Huawei, Beijing, China

To meet the tremendous increase of user ever-increasing demands of on the global market, it is necessary to find more available spectrum resources for the future broadband mobile and fixed convergence. Under the current circumstance, it is more important to strengthen sharing broadband applications with other radio services. Instead of only calculating the deficiency of resources, we need to try to find a solution through spectrum sharing with other services. we provide two solutions of flexible spectrum usage for the mobile broadband applications, from the operational and regulatory perspective.

09:00         E05.4  PERSPECTIVES AND PROBLEMS OF OPPORTUNISTIC AND DYNAMIC SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT

M. R. Fitch, BT, Martlesham Heath, United Kingdom

Changes in regulation are allowing secondary users to share spectrum with primary users, for free subject to the condition that they do not interfere with the primary users. Cognitive Radio (CR) is an enabling technology that allows such sharing. It opens the way for opportunistic and dynamic spectrum management, where wireless equipment is required to interface with cognitive algorithms, sensing mechanisms and databases. The paper discusses the challenges and opportunities that arise with such spectrum management.

09:20          Tea/Coffee Break

09:40         E05.5  OPPORTUNISTIC SECONDARY SPECTRUM ACCESS - OPPORTUNITIES AND LIMITATIONS

J. Zander, K. W. Sung, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden

Dynamic spectrum sharing technique (Cognitive Radio) where secondary users opportunistically utilize temporarily or locally unused spectrum has emerged as a promising technology to relieve the perceived spectrum shortage. The QUASAR project aims at a realistic assessment of the amount of spectrum available for secondary use. Result show that it's fundamentally difficult to reliably determine which part of the spectrum is available, which leads to large safety margins consequently to poor spectrum utilization. Further, future business success depends on the scalability of the secondary access techniques. Also, the vast majorities of spectrum opportunities defy common models for spectrum trading

10:00         E05.6  CONSERVATION OF SPECTRUM FOR SCIENTIFIC SERVICES,- THE RADIO ASTRONOMICAL PERSPECTIVE

A. Jessner, Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy, Bonn, Germany

Scientific services are indispensable for a technical society, but by their nature they have more stringent protection requirements. These have also changed in the new digital era. Scientific services are efficient in their use of allocated bandwidth and utilise the highest possible detection sensitivity, but any detectable man-made signal in their band jeopardizes their operation. There is no free choice of frequencies, these are given by natural molecular transition frequencies. As a consequence, only the scrupulous regulatory protection of core frequencies for science can ensure the viability of scientific use of radio spectrum for the benefit of all.

10:20         E05.7  MITIGATION OF EXTERNAL INTERFERENCE ON AN EGSM NETWORK

T. U. Haq, wi-tribe, Islamabad, Pakistan;  A. Iqbal, wi-tribe, Lahore, Pakistan  

Wireless Technologies are being used extensively for telecommunication services, increasing possibility of inter-system interference. Interference management becomes a challenge if same spectrum is allocated to different network operators in neighboring countries. ITU and Regional Regulatory bodies provide guidelines for coordinated spectrum allocations across international borders; however, some scenarios are not addressed. One such problem is faced by an EGSM operator in Pakistan which is facing interference from CDMA operators in India. Coordinated frequency planning is not possible in this cross-technology interference scenario. This paper describes analysis and mitigation of the unique interference problem of the Pakistani EGSM operator.

10:40          End of the Session

F05 – Radar Applications: Polarimetric Interferometry, Smart Systems and Propagation Impairment

Session Chairs: Alberto Moreira, Eric Pottier

Session     F05

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Wednesday, August 17, 08:00-10:40

Room        Haliç

08:00         F05.1  SUBSURFACE TOPOGRAPHY MAPPING IN DESERTS USING TWO FREQUENCY SAR INTERFEROMETRY

K. Sarabandi, A. Elsherbini, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States

The progress in the development of a new two frequency InSAR system for mapping the subsurface topography in deserts and arid regions is presented. The proposed system consists of a Ka-InSAR for mapping the top interface topography and a VHF-InSAR for mapping the subsurface topography. The required modifications in conventional InSAR inversion to allow for height estimation in the presence of the top layer are then presented. Some of the image distortions that occur in the SAR images are also presented. Scaled model measurements were performed to verify the operation of the proposed system.

08:20         F05.2  MILLIMETER-WAVE GROUND BASED SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR MEASUREMENTS

E. Yigit1, A. Unal2, A. Kaya2, S. Demirci1, H. Cetinkaya2, C. Ozdemir1, A. Vertiy2;  1Institute of Applied Sciences, Mersin, Turkey; 2Material Institute, Kocaeli, Turkey

In this study, applications of millimeter wave ground based synthetic aperture radar (GB-SAR) experiments are studied. GB-SAR setup is constructed and measurements of different objects are carried out in the semi-anechoic chamber room. Measurements from targets at the millimeter wave regions are collected by the newly constructed measurement setup. Also, real SAR measurement from metal targets is taken. Then, the millimeter wave GB-SAR images are reconstructed by using a matched filtering type algorithm and the performance of the setup is quantified from the resultant images by evaluating the accuracy and quality metrics.

08:40         F05.3  ESTIMATING AMBIGUITY NUMBER OF RADIAL VELOCITY FOR GROUND MOVING TARGETS FROM A SINGLE SAR SENSOR

S. Zhu, G. Liao, Xidian University, xi'an, China

This paper addresses an ambiguity number estimation approach of cross-track velocity for ground moving targets from a single synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensor. We first transform the target signatures into range frequency domain and then compress it for each range frequency. The resulting compressed envelope exhibits a straight line with its slope just proportional to the ambiguity number of the induced Doppler centroid. The true radial velocity can be completely retrieved. For dim moving targets, an improved estimation strategy is introduced. The effectiveness of this approach is demonstrated by the theoretical analysis and real measured SAR data

09:00         F05.4  DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN AUTOMATIC CRUISE CONTROL RADAR FOR SMART VEHICLE

S. Bera, D. Bhaskar, R. Bera, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Technology, Rangpo, Sikkim, India

Smart vehicles are evolving for collision avoidance after the success stories of airborne SAR for air traffic detection and control. Efforts for the development of such vehicular radar using spread spectrum waveform are attempted by authors. Model based design and simulation of the radar system along with target modeling and ISAR imaging are successfully completed. Baseband and IF portion of the radar model are realized by uploaded and downloaded to Arbitrary waveform generator and Vector signal generator respectively. The total radar system with ISAR Imaging are successfully tested at the open range of the authors premises with multiple standard targets.

09:20          Tea/Coffee Break

09:40         F05.5  GENERALIZED ISAR IMAGING OF SEA TARGET

A. D. Lazarov, Burgas Free University, Burgas, Bulgaria

A GISAR approach to solve SAR problem for ship target imaging is considered. Definition of three dimensional SAR scenario is suggested. Analytical geometrical approach to define apparent Yaw, Pitch and Roll angle of a ship target at sea is implemented. The target is presented as an assembly of point scatterers. Mathematical expressions to calculate distance to each point scatterer are derived. SAR signal model based on a linear frequency modulated signal and reflectivity function of the target is derived. Image reconstruction includes Fourier range and azimuth compressions. To verify GISAR models and image reconstruction concept a numerical experiment is performed.

10:00         F05.6  INFERENCE OF SPATIAL CORRELATION CHARACTERISTICS OF RAINFALL INTENSITY FROM THE DATA OF SATELLITE-BORNE PRECIPITATION RADAR AND GROUND-BASED RAIN GAUGES

T. Manabe, R. Jozaki, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan

Spatial correlation characteristics of rainfall are crucial in predicting rain attenuation statistics for wireless links above 10 GHz. In this paper, we propose a method for estimating the spatial correlation characteristics of rainfall from the data measured by a satellite-borne radar and a ground-based raingauge. By applying this method to the data measured by the Precipitation Radar aboard the TRMM satellite and those of ground-based raingauges provided by Japan Meteorological Agency, estimated spatial correlation characteristics are found to be consistent with those reported in literatures around Tokyo and to show regional dependence in central and western Japan.

10:20         F05.7  SOUNDING SIGNALS LIBRARY FOR RECONFIGURABLE POLARIMETRIC FM-CW RADAR PARSAX

G. Babur, O. Krasnov, A. Yarovoy, TU Delft, Delft, Netherlands

Diversity of sounding signal waveforms for polarimetric FM-CW radar is studied. Each signal represents a pair of mutually orthogonal wavelets which can be transmitted via two orthogonal polarizations. The signals compose a waveform library which has been implemented in the operational polarimetric software-defined radar PARSAX. This paper presents a sounding signals library for polarimetric FM-CW radar. All the considered in this paper waveforms have been implemented in the operating polarimetric radar (in its FM-CW mode), namely in the PARSAX radar system developed in Delft, The Netherlands.

10:40          End of the Session

G05 – New Science Initiatives on Irregularities and Scintillation using Beacon Satellites

Session Chairs: Patricia Doherty, Paul Bernhardt

Session     G05

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Wednesday, August 17, 08:00-10:40

Room        Topkapi A

08:00         G05.1  THE TANDEM INSTRUMENTED CUBESATS EXPERIMENT (TICE) IN LOW EARTH ORBIT FOR CONTINUOUS OCCULTATION OBSERVATIONS OF THE IONOSPHERE

P. A. Bernhardt, C. L. Siefring, J. D. Huba, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, United States;  J. Abrams, S. Miller, ARES Corporation, Torance, CA, United States;  N. Voronka, Tethers Unlimited Inc, Bothwell, WA, Unites States  

A new concept, called the Tandem Instrumented CubeSats Experiment (TICE), has been developed using a pair of cubeSats orbiting in tandem in an a common orbit plane. With a ~4000 km range between the satellites, the propagation path will have constant tangent height around 80 km altitude well below the E- and F-layer ionospheres. The radio link between the transmitter CubeSat and receiver cubesat will be continuous so that there will be no data gaps in the ionospheric measurements. Ionospheric irregularities will be triangulated from the tandem satellite observations to provide both location and scintillation strength.

08:20         G05.2  EQUATORIAL SCINTILLATION PREDICTIONS FROM C/NOFS PLANAR LANGMUIR PROBE ELECTRON DENSITY FLUCTUATION DATA

E. Costa, CETUC PUC-Rio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;  E. R. de Paula, L. F. C. de Rezende, DAE/INPE, So Jos dos Campos SP, Brazil;  K. M. Groves, P. A. Roddy, AFRL, Hanscom AFB MA, USA  

Data from the Planar Langmuir Probe onboard Communication/ Navigation Outage Forecasting System will be combined with coherent scatter radar and scintillation measurements to analyze the performance of different propagation models of satellite signals. This work characterizes: (i) the prediction capability of a purely space-based phase-screen scintillation model in comparison with another that represents the variation of the irregularity strength along ray paths in detail; and (ii) how early in time it is possible to detect irregularity structures, estimate their temporal and spatial evolution and predict their effects on propagation through different ionospheric regions at later instants of time.

08:40         G05.3  C/NOFS IN SITU AND BEACON MEASUREMENTS DURING THE MAIN PHASE OF THE FIRST MAGNETIC STORMS WITHIN SOLAR CYCLE 24

S. Basu1, S. Basu1, E. Costa2, E. MacKenzie1;  1Boston College, Arlington, VA, United States; 2PUC-Rio, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil

The study utilizes the high resolution PLP and the beacon on the C/NOFS satellite to determine the impact on the equatorial ionosphere of two moderate magnetic storms during solar cycle 24. These two storms perturb various SCINDA sites at dusk. The in-situ C/NOFS data allows the tracking of the plasma bubbles on a global scale. The spectral analysis of the PLP data shows interesting variation in the spectral shapes depending on its location with respect to the bubbles. Current analysis is ongoing to determine the impact of the spectral shapes on UHF scintillations from C/NOFS.

09:00         G05.4  GNU RADIO BEACON RECEIVER (GRBR) OBSERVATIONS OF LARGE-SCALE WAVE STRUCTURE (LSWS) AND EQUATORIAL SPREAD F (ESF)

S. V. Thampi1, M. Yamamoto2, R. Tsunoda3, L. Jose1, T. K. Pant1;  1Space Physics Laboratory, VSSC, Trivandrum, India; 2RISH, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; 3SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, CA, USA

GNU Radio Beacon Receiver (GRBR) is a new digital receiver based on GNU Radio and USRP (Universal Software Radio Peripheral) [Yamamoto, 2008]. In this paper, the GRBR observations of large-scale wave structure (LSWS) and the subsequent development of equatorial spread F (ESF) using total electron content (TEC) derived from the ground based reception of signals from the radio beacon on board C/NOFS (Communications/Navigation Outage Forecasting System) satellite are presented. The other evidences of LSWS include the satellite traces observed in ionograms. These observations show that LSWS appears to play an important role in the development of ESF.

09:20          Tea/Coffee Break

09:40         G05.5  GLOBAL S4 INDEX OBSERVED BY FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC DURING 2006-2011

J. Y. Liu1,2, S. P. Chen1, C. Y. Chen1, G. S. Chang2, C. H. Lin3, G. Uma4;  1National Central University, Chung-Li, Taiwan; 2National Space Organization, Hsinchu, Taiwan; 3Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; 4KL University, Vaddeswaram, India

The global FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC S4 index are subdivided and examined in various latitudes, longitudes, altitudes, and seasons. The F-region scintillations in the equatorial and low-latitude ionosphere start around post-sunset period and often persist till post-midnight hours during the March and September equinox as well as December Solstice seasons. The E-region scintillations reveal a clear solar zenith effect and yield pronounced intensities in mid-latitudes during the Summer Solstice seasons, which are well correlated with occurrences of the sporadic E-layer. There is no obvious scintillation activity observed in the high-latitude ionosphere.

10:00         G05.6  SCINTILLATIONS ON LEO POLAR ORBITING BEACON SIGNALS IN PRESENCE OF SPORADIC E LAYERS RECORDED BY EISCAT

B. Forte, Institute of Engineering Surveying and Space Geodesy / University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom;  E. Turunen, I. Haggstrom, EISCAT Scientific Association, Kiruna, Sweden  

Ionospheric plasma density irregularities may cause rapid fluctuations in the intensity and phase of radio waves propagating through. Usually, scintillation events are modelled in the diffractive scattering approach which is valid for weak scattering conditions. Strong scintillation events are better modelled in the refractive scattering approach, which includes weak scattering conditions. Two EISCAT measurement campaigns were set up in order to calculate all those parameters useful for numerical modelling of scintillation events. The radar measurement results are compared with transionospheric radio signals at VHF, UHF, and L band in order to understand the feasibility and appropriateness of the two approaches.

10:20         G05.7  INVESTIGATION OF TEC VARIATION AND IONOSPHERIC SCINTILLATION AT THE TWO HEMISPHERES OVER THE POLAR REGION USING GPS MEASUREMENTS

R. M. Das, S. Yadav, R. S. Dabas, National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India;  S. Saini, National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research, Goa, India;  A. K. Gwal, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India  

The main of the presented work is to investigate the generation of polar plasma patches and ionospheric scintillations over Maitri, Antarctica [70.43N, 11.43E] and Himadri, Arctic [78.55N, 11.56E]. To explore the difference between the behaviour of day and nighttime polar region ionosphere, the data during June-July 2008 have been used. The results show that the ionospheric irregularities were observed at both the stations and it is seen that the scintillation are associated with these patches. The irregularities caused strong Total Electron Content fluctuations which are horizontally drifted from east to west

10:40          End of the Session

HG1 – Radio Sounding in Ionospheres and Magnetospheres and Associated Plasma Phenomena I

Session Chairs: Robert Benson, Bodo Reinisch, Gordon James, Vikas Sonwalkar

Session     HG1

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Wednesday, August 17, 08:00-10:40

Room        Topkapi B

08:00         HG1.1  RADIO SOUNDING FROM IMAGE: NEW PERSPECTIVES ON FIELD ALIGNED DENSITY IRREGULARITIES, Z AND WHISTLER MODE DIAGNOSTICS, AND PROTON CYCLOTRON HARMONIC ECHOES, PART 1

D. L. Carpenter, T. F. Bell, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States;  V. S. Sonwalkar, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States  

The wide operating frequency range of the Radio Plasma Imager (RPI) instrument on the IMAGE satellite made possible wave injection in the whistler-mode and Z-mode domains as well as free-space O and X mode sounding. We review new findings in four areas: (i) density irregularities in the PBL and within the plasmasphere; (ii) upward Z-mode probing along geomagnetic field lines; (iii) downward probing from 4500-7000 km altitude using whistler-mode waves that undergo two fundamentally different types of reflection; (iv) strong coupling of RPI pulses to the proton plasma in the vicinity of the spacecraft.

08:20         HG1.2  RADIO SOUNDING FROM IMAGE: NEW PERSPECTIVES ON FIELD ALIGNED DENSITY IRREGULARITIES, Z AND WHISTLER MODE DIAGNOSTICS, AND PROTON CYCLOTRON HARMONIC ECHOES, PART 2

D. L. Carpenter, T. F. Bell, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States;  V. S. Sonwalkar, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States  

The wide operating frequency range of the Radio Plasma Imager (RPI) instrument on the IMAGE satellite made possible wave injection in the whistler-mode and Z-mode domains as well as free-space O and X mode sounding. We review new findings in four areas: (i) density irregularities in the PBL and within the plasmasphere; (ii) upward Z-mode probing along geomagnetic field lines; (iii) downward probing from 4500-7000 km altitude using whistler-mode waves that undergo two fundamentally different types of reflection; (iv) strong coupling of RPI pulses to the proton plasma in the vicinity of the spacecraft.

08:40         HG1.3  WHISTLER MODE RADIO SOUNDING FROM THE RPI INSTRUMENT ON THE IMAGE SATELLITE

V. S. Sonwalkar1, A. Reddy1, D. L. Carpenter2, R. Proddaturi1, S. Hazra1, K. Mayank1, B. W. Reinisch3;  1University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States; 2Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States; 3University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, United States

Whistler mode (WM) sounding experiments from the RPI instrument on IMAGE have led to the observations of magnetospherically reflected (MR), specularly reflected (SR), and back scattered (BS) echoes. The observed dispersion of MR and SR echoes is used to infer the electron density, ion effective mass, and the ion composition along the geomagnetic field line, including the important transition region from the O+ dominated ionosphere to the H+ regime above. The observed spread in time delays of echoes is used to determine the scale sizes (10 m -100 km) and locations of field aligned irregularities along WM echo paths.

09:00         HG1.4  SPECTRAL INTERPRETATION OF RADIO-SOUNDER-STIMULATED MAGNETOSPHERIC PLASMA RESONANCES IN TERMS OF KAPPA DISTRIBUTIONS

R. F. Benson, A. F. Vias, J. Fainberg, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, United States;  V. A. Osherovich, CUA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, United States;  C. M. Purser, UMBC/GEST/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, United States;  I. A. Galkin, B. W. Reinisch, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Massachusetts, United States  

Magnetosphere sounders stimulate plasma resonances between the harmonics of the electron cyclotron frequency and above the upper-hybrid frequency. More than three decades ago they were recognized as equivalent to ionospheric topside-sounder-stimulated resonances, designated as Qn resonances a decade earlier, with one important difference: the magnetospheric Qn frequencies often indicated that the background electron-velocity distribution was non-Maxwellian. Interpretations based on bi-Maxwellian and kappa distributions have been proposed. Here we expand on the latter, which requires fewer free parameters, by comparing kappa-derived Qn frequencies with observations from the Radio Plasma Imager on the IMAGE satellite.

09:20          Tea/Coffee Break

09:40         HG1.5  DAYTIME VLF MODELING OVER LAND AND SEA, COMPARISON WITH DATA FROM DEMETER SATELLITE

S. G. Meyer1,2, A. B. Collier1,2, C. J. Rodger3;  1Hermanus Magnetic Observatory, Hermanus, South Africa; 2University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; 3University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand

A model based on Wait's mode theory and ionospheric parameters is developed to investigate subionospheric VLF wave propagation. Although the bulk of VLF energy reflects off the lower ionosphere, a small portion leaks into space. This leaves a fingerprint of the modal interference pattern. This pattern can be detected by spacecraft and is a good method of observing the field's spatial variation and the effects of different propagation conditions. Simulations are compared to averaged data taken over a year from the DEMETER satellite over the NWC transmitter.

10:00         HG1.6  REFRACTIVE INDEX OF SPHERICAL WAVES IN MAGNETOPLASMA

X. Huang1, B. W. Reinisch1,2;  1University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States; 2Lowell Digisonde International, Lowell, MA, United States

The electromagnetic field excited by an arbitrary current source embedded in a uniform cold magneto-plasma is investigated in this paper. The Greens function method for solving the radiation equation is used, and the solutions we obtained are valid for any cold plasma parameters. There are always two wave modes excited, and in the far field each mode is a spherical wave. A refractive index of spherical waves is introduced to describe the propagation. The properties of these excited spherical waves are discussed in this paper.

10:20         HG1.7  A NEW TYPE MULTI-FUNCTION IONOSPHERIC SOUNDING SYSTEM

G. Yang, Z. Zhao, C. Zhou, Y. Zhang, G. Chen, Y. Hu, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China

This paper introduces a new type Multi-Function Ionospheric Sounding System (MFISS), which bases on the PXI bus. The capabilities of ionospheric vertical sounding, ionospheric oblique sounding and ionospheric oblique backscattering sounding were integrated in a single MFISS, it overcomes the disadvantages of the original ionospheric sounding equipments which have the feature with less function, limited coverage, less obtaining parameters, it also can achieve the function of acquiring the omnibearing geophysical characteristics, the ionosphere channel propagation characteristics and the radio environment characteristics.

10:40          End of the Session

J05 – Sun and Solar System Science

Session Chairs: Pierre Kaufman, Noah Brosch

Session     J05

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Wednesday, August 17, 08:00-10:20

Room        Marmara

08:00         J05.1  MUSAR A NOVEL SAR MISSION TO VENUS

D. G. Blumberg, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel;  J. Cohen, NASA, California, U.S.A;  S. Mackwell, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Huston, U.S.A;  O. Lapid, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel;  R. Greeley, Arizona State University, Arizona, U.S.A  

The science community is currently considering new missions to explore Venus, focusing on key measurements that will answer the major outstanding questions for Venus that will remain after the current Venus Express mission. A new lightweight X-band SAR mission is being proposed as a Discovery class mission to Venus. This mission will utilize an X-band synthetic aperture radar capable of acquiring imagery at high (~1 m) resolutions for specifically targeted sites. The sensor is based on the Israel Aerospace Industry (IAI) TecSAR sensor that is already orbiting Earth and acquiring spectacular images.

08:20         J05.2  THE UNUSUAL SOLAR CYCLE 23: THE VANISHING SOLAR WIND, ITS CAUSE AND IMPACT

P. Janardhan, Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, India;  S. Ananthakrishnan, Pune University, Pune, India  

Solar cycle 23 was very unusual, in many ways, with polar magnetic fields showing a steady decline throughout the cycle and with the sunspot minimum being the deepest that we have experienced in a century. Apart from this cycle 23 had several instances when the solar wind apparently ``disappeared" for periods exceeding 24 hours. We examine these solar wind disappearance events which correspond to density decreases, at 1 AU, by over two orders of magnitude for extended periods of time and show that these events, though not associated with explosive solar phenomena, produce observable space weather effects at 1 AU.

08:40         J05.3  SOLAR PHYSICS AT NANCAY RADIO OBSERVATORY (FRANCE) : RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

K.-L. Klein, Observatoire de Paris, Meudon, France

The Nancay station of Paris Observatory operates two key instruments for solar physics: the Decametre Array (dynamic spectra, 20-70 MHz) and the Radioheliograph (images in the 150-450 MHz range). A new spectrograph (130-1000 MHz) is under construction for scientific and space weather purposes. This contribution summarises performances of the instruments and illustrates recent results on the quiet Sun, quasi-continuous particle acceleration in active regions (noise storms) and coronal mass ejections and solar energetic particle events. Such observations will be an essential support in future investigations of the Sun-Heliosphere connection with Solar Orbiter and Solar Probe.

09:00         J05.4  THE RADIOSICENCE EXPERIMENT ON NEW HORIZONS

I. R. Linscott1, M. K. Bird2, D. P. Hinson3, M. Paetzold2, L. Tyler1;  1Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States; 2University of Cologne, Koln, Germany; 3SETI Institute, Mouintain View,CA, United States

REX is the Radioscience Experiment in the payload on the New Horizons spacecraft en-route to its encounter with Pluto in July of 2015. REX will obtain the temperature and pressure profiles of Pluto's tenuous atmosphere while measuring radiometric temperature, gravitational moment and ionosphere density. For all but the radiometry, these measurements take advantage of a high power, X-band uplink transmitted from the earth, received on the spacecraft with an ultrastable oscillator as a frequency reference. This combination enables REX to sense Pluto's atmosphere with precision of <0.1 Pa (1 microbar), and <3 K.

09:20          Tea/Coffee Break

09:40         J05.5  SOLAR SYSTEM STUDIES WITH THE ARECIBO PLANETARY RADAR SYSTEM

D. B. Campbell, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States;  J. K. Harmon, M. C. Nolan, Cornell University, Arecibo, Puerto Rico  

The 305 m Arecibo telescope equipped with a 1 MW 2.38 GHz transmitter is used for studies of the terrestrial planets, planetary satellites including the Moon and small bodies in the solar system. Much of the recent program emphasis has been on astrometric and characterization observations of near-Earth objects for which the Arecibo radar system has capabilities not matched by any other Earth-based telescope. However, studies of the surfaces of Mercury, the Moon and Mars continue and renewed observations of Venus are planned.

10:00         J05.6  PROGRESS ON CHINESE SPECTRAL RADIOHELIOGRAPHCSRH CONSTRUCTION

Y. Yan1, J. Zhang2, Z. Chen1, W. Wang1, F. Liu1, L. Geng1;  1National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; 2Peking University, Beijing, China

The Chinese Spectral Radioheliograph (CSRH) with 40 antennas of 4.5 m covering 400 MHz 2 GHz (CSRH-I) and 60 antennas of 2 m covering 2-15 GHz (CSRH-II) has been supported and is under construction in a radio quiet region in Inner Mongolia of China. The array of CSRH-I has been assembled and is tested now. The array of CSRH-II will be established during 2011-2013. The progress about the project is introduced.

10:20          End of the Session

K04 – Biomedical Applications: Diagnostic Sensing

Session Chairs: James Lin, Jan Vrba

Session     K04

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Wednesday, August 17, 08:00-10:40

Room        Loft

08:00         K04.1  WIRELESS SENSING AND MONITORING OF PHYSIOLOGICAL MOVEMENTS AND VOLUME CHANGES

J. C. Lin, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, United States

There has been growing interest in the use of low-power wireless technology for contact and remote detection and monitoring of physiological movements and volume changes. Remote or non-contact sensing of body movements associated with the expansion and contraction of the circulatory and respiratory systems. Wireless techniques provide an approach for detecting physiological and pathological movements and volume changes without compromising the integrity of the physiological substrates. Non-invasive measurements can provide sensing and monitoring for apex cardiograms, respiration rate, peripheral blood pulse wave, pressure pulse characteristics, arterial wall movement, and life sign (heart rate and respiration rate) detection.

08:20         K04.2  DESIGN AND REALIZATION OF ULTRA WIDE-BAND IMPLANT ANTENNA FOR BIOTELEMETRY SYSTEMS

F. Zengin1, E. Akkaya2, B. Turetken2, S. E. San1;  1Gebze Institute of Technology/Turkey, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey; 2TUBITAK BILGEM - UEKAE Antenna Test and Research Center (ATAM), Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey

The aim of this study is to design of a small size implantable antenna involving Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) (2.4 GHz-2.48 GHz) band. The goal of designing antenna is to obtain physiological information pertaining to person. Simulation measurements of antenna were obtained in body ambient by making the design of antenna with CST Studio Suite programme. Then, in vitro measurements were performed on antenna by making an artificial material, which shows electrical features of human skin tissue, to verify measurement results. Obtained measurement results and simulative results are in accordance.

08:40         K04.3  MICROWAVE IMAGING FOR MEDICAL DETECTIONS

G. G. Cheng, Y. Zhu, J. A. Grzesik, Allwave Corporation, Torrance, CA, United States

We introduce an efficient microwave imaging technique for medical applications, especially suited for breast cancer detection. The imaging system consists of a fixed source for transmit on one end, and a planar receiving sensors on the other, with the target placed in between. The image of the internal organ tissue under examination is thus obtained across a three-dimensional region, based upon the data collected from these sensors, using our field mapping algorithm (FMA). Six test cases, including analytic examples, FDTD simulation runs, and hardware measurements, are given for verification, with promising results evident throughout.

09:00         K04.4  COMPACT RESONATORS FOR PERMITTIVITY RECONSTRUCTION OF BIOLOGICAL TISSUES

T. Yilmaz, Y. Hao, Queen Mary College, University of London, London, United Kingdom

In this paper, a patch resonator is proposed for non-invasive measurement of dielectric properties of biological tissues. Resonator is operating at 2.4 GHz when placed on tissue. The patch resonator is simulated in HFSS with four layered tissue mimicking material (skin, fat, blood, muscle) placed on top. The electrical properties of blood layer is decreased and the change in S parameters is tracked. Effective dielectric properties of the tissue is reconstructed from simulated S parameter response of the resonator.

09:20          Tea/Coffee Break

09:40         K04.5  BIORADAR FOR MONITORING OF HUMAN ADAPTIVE CAPABILITIES

L. Anishchenko1, A. Bugaev2, S. Ivashov1, A. Zhuravlev1;  1Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Russian Federation; 2Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russian Federation

This paper sums up the results of bioradiolocation experiments dedicated to the monitoring of human adaptive capabilities, which were conducted at Remote Sensing Laboratory (Bauman Moscow State Technical University) during last two years. The main task of bioradiolocation is remote or non-contact measurement of movement, breathing and pulse parameters of biological objects behind an obstruction or in open space at some distance. This method can be used in sleep medicine, functional diagnostics, pharmacology, zoo-psychology, restorative medicine and disaster medicine. Description of the bioradar experimental procedure is given.

10:00         K04.6  THROUGHPUT OF OPTIMAL AND SUBOPTIMAL LOW-POWER IR-UWB COHERENT RECEIVERS FOR WIRELESS BODY-AREA-NETWORKS (WBANS)

H. A. Shaban, M. Abou El-Nasr, Arab Academy for Science, Technology & Maritime Transport (AASTMT), Alexandria, Egypt;  R. M. Buehrer, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, USA  

Impulse radio ultra wide band (IR-UWB) systems have the potential for low-power consumption as well as high data-rates over short distances. This makes them an attractive candidate for emerging wireless body-area-network (BAN) applications. In this paper, we investigate the performance of low-power suboptimal real sinusoidal-template based detectors for M-ary pulse-amplitude-modulation (PAM) and M-ary equally-correlated pulse-position-modulation M-ary (EC-PPM) modulation techniques in multipath channels. Furthermore, we provide numerical results in the UWB-based IEEE 802.15.6a channels, and evaluate the corresponding attainable throughput.

10:20         K04.7  GLUCOSE-DEPENDENT DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF BLOOD PLASMA

E. Topsakal, T. Karacolak, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA;  E. C. Moreland, Greenville Hospital System, Greenville, SC, USA  

In this study, we show a correlation between electrical properties (relative permittivity and conductivity) of blood plasma and plasma glucose concentration. In order to formulate that correlation, we performed electrical property measurements on blood samples collected from 10 adults between the ages of 18 and 40 at University of Alabama Birmingham (UAB) Children's hospital. The measurements are conducted between 500 MHz and 20 GHz band. Using the data obtained from measurements, we developed a single-pole Cole-Cole model for permittivity and conductivity as a function of plasma blood glucose concentration.

10:40          End of the Session

CT – Six-port Wave Correlator Theory and Practical Application to RF Network Analysis

Session Chair: Takashi Ohira

Session     CT

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Wednesday, August 17, 09:40-10:40

Room        Dolmabahçe A

09:40         CT.1  SIX-PORT WAVE CORRELATOR THEORY AND PRACTICAL APPLICATION TO RF NETWORK ANALYSIS

T. Yakabe, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan

This tutorial lecture is intended to introduce the basic concept and principle of the six-port wave correlator, and to present the latest advancements in its theory and techniques. The lecture starts with some fundamentals on the six-port reflectometer. Next, the concept is extended to a six-port wave correlator on which we focus from the viewpoint of establishing a new scheme for characterizing the S matrix. Finally, we explore some specific microwave applications of the six-port network. The lecture is full of interesting ideas and techniques for a variety of applications in microwave and millimeter-wave fields.

10:40          End of the Session

General Lecture 2

Session Chair: Michael Rietveld

Session     GL2

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Wednesday, August 17, 11:00-12:00

Room        Anadolu Auditorium

11:00         GL2.1  THE RADIO PHYSICS OF METEORS: HIGH RESOLUTION RADAR METHODS OFFERING NEW INSIGHTS

A. Pellinen-Wannberg, Umeå University and Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden

The introduction of the high-power large-aperture (HPLA) radar method has rejuvenated meteor radiophysics. Operating at much shorter wavelengths and with orders of magnitude higher power densities than meteor radars, HPLA radars record head echoes throughout the meteor region. Parameters like meteoroid orbital elements, astronomical origin, meteor velocity, deceleration, composition, fragmentation, breakup, echo polarization and plasma physics can be studied with unprecedented accuracy, often in microsecond time resolution, adding important new elements to our knowledge of the solar system dust population. The development from 1990 to the present will be reviewed and some recent breakthroughs highlighted.

12:00          End of the Session

AB2 - Antenna Measurement

Session Chair: William Davis

Session     AB2

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Wednesday, August 17, 13:40-17:20

Room        Dolmabahçe C

13:40         AB2.1  DESIGN OF WIDEBAND DUAL-POLARIZED MICROSTRIP ANTENNAS

J. S. Jeon, KT Mobile R&D Laboratory, Seoul, South Korea

This study investigates wideband dual-polarized microstrip antennas. These antennas are used to prevent deterioration of transmission quality caused by terminal interference or multipath fading, which usually occur when many terminals are used in limited space such as hot-spot zones. The experimental results showed that the impedance bandwidth (SWR<2) of 33.24 % and the peak gain of 8.44 dBi (at 2.11 GHz) were obtained by the frequency band under 2.5 GHz. Designed originally for triple service band, the proposed antenna, with its simple structure, may easily be mass-produced and may have various commercial applications.

14:00         AB2.2  DUAL FREQUENCY RECONFIGURABLE MICROSTRIP ANTENNA USING VARACTOR DIODES

N. M S, A. C K, M. Pezholil, V. Kesavath, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, India

A varactor controlled electronically reconfigurable dual frequency microstrip antenna is presented. Dual frequency operation is realized by embedding an X-slot in a rectangular patch. High tuning ranges of 26.3% and 15.3% are realized for the two resonant frequencies respectively, when the bias voltage is varied from 0 to 16V. This design has an added advantage of size reduction up to 77% and 64% for the two resonant frequencies compared to standard rectangular patch. A maximum band width of 2.26% and 2.36% respectively for the two frequencies is observed.

14:20         AB2.3  A BROADBAND DESIGN OF H-SHAPED MICROSTRIP ANTENNA WITH CAPACITIVE FEEDING

V. S. Tarange, T. Y. Gite, P. D. Musale, S. V. Khobragade, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University Lonere, Mangaon, India;  V. R. Anitha, Sree Vidyaniketan College of Engineering Tirupati, Tirupati, India  

A H-shaped Microstrip patch antenna with capacitive feed is presented here, overcome various problems in other feeding, capacitive feeding scheme has used which consist of radiator patch and feed strip. The design of antenna incorporates capacitive feed strip which is fed by coaxial probe. Slot is used in the radiating patch along radiating edges of the proposed design to attain the improved bandwidth. Constant radiation pattern with improved VSWR bandwidth of nearly 46%, for operating frequency of 5.1GHz is easily achieved. The effects of key design parameters like air gap between substrate and ground plane etc. are studied.

14:40         AB2.4  U-SLOT STACKED PATCH ANTENNA USING HIGH AND LOW DIELECTRIC CONSTANT MATERIAL COMBINATIONS IN S-BAND

K. Surmeli, TUBÝTAK-BÝLGEM, Kocaeli, Turkey

In this study a uslot stacked patch antenna design is presented. The antenna consist of high and low dielectric materials combination in S band. Materials are commercially available microwave substrates (Rogers TMM3 and Rohacell HF71 foam). The antenna return loss bandwidth is about 52.94%, centered about 3.4 GHz and the fabrication of the antenna is more easier.

15:00         AB2.5  CIRCULARLY POLARIZED MICROSTRIP PATCH ARRAY FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION APPLICATIONS

G. Burshe, S. V. Khobragade, Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University,lonere-Raigad, Maharashtra, India;  V. R. Anitha, Sree Vidyaniketan College of Engineering Tirupati, Tirupati, India  

In recent years, great interest was focused on Microstrip antennas for good integration and good performance. With the continuous growth of wireless communication service and the constant miniaturization of communication equipment, there are higher demands for the volume of antennas, integration and working band. This paper presents A circular polarized (CP ) Circular Microstrip antenna array with multi- band for wireless communications system application which are suitable for 2.92GHz, 4.3GHz, 5GHz triple-band operations. These systems include various combinations of WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) and wireless local-area network (WLAN, 2.8 GHz for wireless video operation).

15:20         AB2.6  CAPACITIVE FEEDING FOR SLOTTED MICROSTRIP PATCH

P. D. Musale, S. V. Khobragade, Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University,lonere-Raigad, Maharashtra, India;  V. R. Anitha, Sree Vidyaniketan College of Engineering Tirupati, Tirupati, India  

A Microstrip patch antenna having slotted sides with small capacitive feed has studied. Slots on the proposed patch can be used to increase the bandwidth of antenna. It has observed that VSWR bandwidth nearly 45% is easily achieved with the novel patch. A constant radiation pattern with improved bandwidth, for an operating frequency of 4.8 GHz is achieved. The given patch is radiating patch while feed strip couples the energy to radiating patch by capacitive mean. Effect of various parameters such as air gap between substrate and ground plane, probe diameter etc on performance of the antenna has studied .

15:40          Tea/Coffee Break

16:00         AB2.7  LINEARLY POLARISED MICROSTRIP ANTENNA FOR WLAN APPLICATIONS

P. Salunke, R. Purohit, G. Burshe, S. Khobragade, Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University,lonere-Raigad, Maharashtra, India;  V. R. Anitha, Sree Vidyaniketan College of Engineering Tirupati, Tirupati, India  

A novel compact linearly polarized square microstrip antenna with four slits and rectangle notches at four corners is proposed . The center frequency of the microstrip antenna operates at 6GHz and it has about 4% bandwidth with VSWR<2. The design and performance of a linearly polarized microstrip patch antenna, for the application in Wireless Local Area Network, are reported here. The aim is to design and fabricate an inset fed rectangular Microstrip Antenna and study the effect of antenna dimensions length,, width and relative dielectric constant, substrate thickness on radiation parameters of band width.

16:20         AB2.8  SIMULATION OF A RECTANGULAR SPIRAL SHAPED MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA

A. Aoad, E. Korkmaz, Fatih University, Istanbul, Turkey

For some applications it is required to design antennas operating at lower frequencies, have relatively low lateral size and a narrow beam broadside radiation pattern. To that end a new rectangular spiral shaped microstrip antenna is designed and simulated by using of commercial software CST Microwave Studio. The parameters are optimized to have an operation frequency around 1-3.5 GHz, maximum lateral size of 3.5 cm, a minimum directivity of 6 dBi and a HPBW less than 90. The achieved results are promising and are tunable to specific parameters.

16:40         AB2.9  A NEW EFFECTIVE ANTENNA FOR MOBILE HEADSETS

M. Bank, M. Haridim, HIT, Holon, Israel;  S. Tapuchi, J. Gavan, SCE, Beer Sheba, Israel  

The main problems concerned with the design of mobile headsets antennas treated in this paper are low efficiency and the difficulty of installing two antennas or more for Multiple Input-Multiple Output (MIMO) applications. This paper proposes a radical solution to the mentioned problems by avoiding the use of special antennas as radiating elements. The proposed efficient radiating element is the mobile headset printed circuit board. The proposed solution is compared with other classical solutions.

17:00         AB2.10  COMPACT COPLANAR WAVEGUIDE FED GROUND MEANDERED ANTENNA FOR WIRELESS APPLICATION

S. Raman, S. Mridula, A. C K, V. Kesavath, M. Pezholil, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, kerala, India

A compact Co-Planar Waveguide (CPW) fed antenna operating at 2.4GHz with 300MHz 2:1 VSWR bandwidth is presented. Compared to a conventional quarter wavelength CPW fed monopole antenna, the aperture area reduction of the present antenna is 85%. The prototype antenna fabricated on a substrate of εr = 4.4 and thickness 1.6mm is only 22x10x1.6mm3. This much size reduction and impedance matching is achieved by adjusting the signal to ground plane separation and meandering the ground plane of a 50Ω CPW transmission line

17:20          End of the Session

B07 – Adaptive Antennas

Session Chairs: Tapan Sarkar, Magdalena Salazar-Palma

Session     B07

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Wednesday, August 17, 13:40-17:20

Room        Anadolu Auditorium

13:40         B07.1  THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF A VARACTOR-LOADED HALF-WIDTH LEAKY-WAVE ANTENNA

L. Kempel, E. Rothwell, B. Shanker, P. Chahal, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States

Maintaining a narrow beamwidth is difficult for a linear phased array antenna comprised of wide beamwidth antenna elements with peak gain direction normal to the axis of the array as the beam is steered close to end-fire. Rather, use of near end-fire antennas, either singly or arrayed, offer the potential for achieving reasonably narrow beamwidth even as the beam is steered near endfire. For applications requiring wide bandwidth as well, half-width leaky-wave antennas offer a potential element. Unfortunately, the beam direction is dispersive. In this paper, a method is presented using varactors to overcome these challenges.

14:00         B07.2  DESIGN AND OPTIMIZATION OF ANTENNA ARRAYS FOR 60 GHZ HYBRID SMART ANTENNA SYSTEMS WITH CONSIDERATION OF INTER-ELEMENT ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERACTIONS

N. Celik, M. F. Iskander, University Of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States;  Z. Zhang, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China  

Use of directive elements, element tilting, and using subarrays are proposed to reduce computational complexity and cost of smart antennas. This approach, namely the Hybrid Smart Antenna System combines advantages from both the adaptive and switched beam approaches. A genetic algorithm based array optimization procedure that determines the element tilt angles to uniformly cover a given angular range by adaptive beamsteering has also been proposed for 60 GHz wireless applications. In this paper, additional considerations, namely the electromagnetic interactions between the array elements are considered and a more realistic implementation and optimization of the hybrid smart antenna technique is discussed.

14:20         B07.3  GEODA-GRUA: ADAPTIVE MULTIBEAM CONFORMAL ANTENNA FOR SATELLITES COMMUNICATIONS

J. Garcia-Gasco Trujillo, M. Salas Natera, I. Montesinos, M. Arias Campo, M. Sierra Perez, R. Martinez, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain

GEODA-GRUA is a conformal adaptive antenna array for satellite communications. Operating at 1.7 GHz with circular polarization, it is possible to track and communicate with several satellites at once being able to receive signals in full azimuth and within the range of 5 to broadside elevation thanks to its adaptive beam. Its complex structure has 2700 radiating elements based on a set of 60 similar triangular arrays that are divided in 15 subarrays of 3 radiating elements. A control module governs each transmission/receiver module associated to each cell in order to manage beam steering by shifting phases.

14:40         B07.4  USE OF A SINGLE SNAPSHOT BASED ADAPTIVE PROCESSING USING A DIRECT DATA DOAMIN APPROACH

T. Sarkar, Syracuse University, Syracuse, United States;  M. Salazar, Univ Carlos III, Madrid, Spain  

The objective of this presentation is to describe a general methodology for adaptive processing using conformal arrays for a single snap shot of data and without any statistical assumption on the noise and the interferences. The antenna elements in a conformal array can be unequally spaced and they need not be situated over a planar surface. In addition the antenna elements can have a directive gain. The goal is to present a signal processing methodology coupled with electromagnetic physics that can deal with non-uniformly spaced directive antenna elements over a conformal surface.

15:00         B07.5  ANALYSIS OF THE ELECTROMAGNETIC DEGREES OF FREEDOM IN MULTI-ANTENNAS COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS

M.-F. Wong, A. Gati, J. Wiart, Orange labs, R&D, Issy Moulineaux, France

The channel capacity enhancement is of great interest in broadband wireless communications. The spatial dimension is being investigated with the use of multi-antennas systems. The role of the antennas, their numbers and their positions are to be understood through an electromagnetic analysis. The degrees of freedom of an electromagnetic system are related to the capacity of a transmission channel. In this paper, we investigate all these notions through different case studies using full-wave electromagnetic simulations. The capacity of a multi-antennas system is thus being analyzed on a physical ground.

15:20         B07.6  TOWARD SYSTEM MODELING DEDICATED TO FREQUENCY RECONFIGURABLE ANTENNAS

Y. Duroc1, R. Siragusa2, S. Tedjini1;  1Grenoble INP - LCIS, Valence, France; 2CEA LETI, Greoble, France

With the recent evolution of wireless systems such as cognitive radio, new antennas have to be developed to provide large bandwidth, compact size and especially adaptive parameters for changing environments. The antennas are become more again an essential part of wireless systems. They play a fundamental role both in the propagation and also at a system level. New antennas models must be developed being radically different from those currently available. The potential of linear invariant time models associated to parametric approaches to describe antennas is presented. Based on these approaches, a new method for modeling reconfigurable antennas is proposed.

15:40          Tea/Coffee Break

16:00         B07.7  A LOW-PROFILE OMNIDIRECTIONAL PLANAR ANTENNA WITH VERTICAL POLARIZATION

K. Sarabandi, J. Oh, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States

A novel low-profile miniaturized antenna with vertical polarization and omnidirectional radiation pattern employing two in-phase elements is presented. The antenna operation is accomplished by substituting an impedance inverter capacitor which produces the required 180 degree phase shifter with an open stub. In this way, no conduction current in opposite direction to the radiating pins is generated. The lateral dimension and height of the proposed antenna are λ/8 and λ/40, respectively. A very high antenna gain of 0.5dBi is obtained. Using the proposed design procedure, the performance of further miniaturized antennas will be presented.

16:20         B07.8  MINIATURIZED TUNABLE MEANDERLINE LOADED ANTENNA WITH Q-FACTOR APPROACHING THE LOWER BOUND

K. Mohammadpour-Aghdam1,2, R. Faraji-Dana2, G. A.E. Vandenbosch1;  1KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium; 2University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

Having a high-efficiency tunable antenna to cover wide band with good match is an interesting topic, especially in the case when the physical size of the antenna is too small. A novel spherical monopole antenna which has been miniaturized through a couple of Meanderline sections has been presented in this paper. This antenna, with maximum dimension of 0.05λ, has dual band operation with independent frequency-tunable capability in 30 88 MHz frequency band. Thanks to antenna geometry and Meanderline miniaturization technique, the exact Q-factor of the antenna approaches the Thal lower bound.

16:40         B07.9  DESIGN AND OPTIMIZATION OF ULTRA-WIDEBAND TEM HORN ANTENNAS FOR GPR APPLICATIONS

A. A. Jamali, R. Marklein, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany

This paper presents the design and optimization of UWB TEM horn antennas for GPR applications. The numerical simulations of electromagnetic wave propagation are performed in the time domain for a preliminary and modified TEM horn antenna. The antennas have some properties which are not suitable for GPR applications. These effects are reduced by optimization. The characteristic of the antennas are computed. The optimized TEM horn antenna is then modeled with the typical GPR environment with earth, and the hidden object inside the earth. The presented antenna can be used in the GPR systems to detect and image buried objects.

17:00         B07.10  GSM/UMTS DUAL POLARIZATION BASE STATION ANTENNA DESIGN

T. Ýsenlik, M. M. Bilgic, K. Yegin, Yeditepe Univ., Istanbul, Turkey;  M. Ciydem, RF Kaan Telecommunications Ltd. Co., Ankara, Turkey  

Base station antenna array is designed to cover frequency range from 1710 MHz to 2170 MHz. An entirely different antenna feed structure which consists of an L-plate capacitive feed, is developed and a parasitic patch is optimized to meet target design specifications. The antenna is +/- 45o dual polarization with dedicated channels for each polarization. A prototype of the antenna element is built and measured to corroborate simulation results. The antenna array for BSA is designed to have an 18 dBi system gain with a VSWR less than 1.5 over the entire frequency band.

17:20          End of the Session

CHGBDJK – Solar Power Satellites and Wireless Power Transmission

Session Chairs: Naoki Shinohara, Kozo Hashimoto, Kristian Schlegel

Session     CHGBDJK

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Wednesday, August 17, 13:40-17:20

Room        Dolmabahçe A

13:40         CHGBDJK.1  IMPROVEMENT OF A UBIQUITOUS POWER SOURCE

K. Hashimoto1,2, T. Ishikawa1, T. Mitani1, N. Shinohara1;  1Kyoto University, Uji, Japan; 2Paleological Association of Japan, Inc., Kyoto, Japan

Ubiquitous power source can wirelessly transmit power anywhere in a space. In order to realize this system, we have examined an efficient power transmission system which sends power to necessary places only based on direction of arrival measurement. A simple in-phase transmission array is proposed and evaluated as useful and efficient. This system can send power to multiple receivers. In order to send the power to only necessary points, a pilot signal is sent from a receiver. A low power system is manufactured and evaluated.

14:00         CHGBDJK.2  MICROWAVE ENERGY TRANSMISSION PROGRAM FOR SSPS

Y. Fuse, T. Saito, S. Mihara, K. Ijichi, Institute for Unmanned Space Experiment Free Flyer, Tokyo, Japan;  K. Namura, Y. Honma, T. Sasaki, Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, Amagasaki, Japan;  Y. Ozawa, E. Fujiwara, T. Fujiwara, IHI Aerospace Co., Ltd, Tomioka, Japan  

Institute for Unmanned Space Experiment Free Flyer, USEF, has been studying SSPS as future electricity alternative energy source, which use 5.8GHz microwave energy transmission technology. From 2009, USEF started new research and development project of the Microwave Ground Wireless Power Transmission. This project includes the study for high efficient and thin structured phased array antenna, and the study for high efficient rectenna element. Also this project plans to test ground wireless power transmission as a previous stage to the next space experiment of SSPS. Outline and progress of this project are introduced.

14:20         CHGBDJK.3  MEETING THE CHALLENGES OF IMPLEMENTING PORTABLE SPACE-BASED SOLAR POWER

F. E. Little, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States

A space-based solar power system to supply power for disaster relief, humanitarian aid or other temporary local electric power needs using a hybrid laser/microwave wireless power transmission system is briefly described. A space-to-ground experiment to validate retrodirective control of laser and microwave power transmission beams that would use the International Space Station as the in-space platform for the experimental apparatus is described.

14:40         CHGBDJK.4  ARRAY ANTENNA ARCHITECTURES FOR SOLAR POWER SATELLITES AND WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION

G. Oliveri, P. Rocca, A. Massa, University of Trento, Trento, Italy

An analytical technique for the synthesis of planar arrays for wireless power transmission is proposed whose aim is to maximize the ratio between the power collected at the receiver to the total transmitted power. The array weights are optimized through an analytical methodology which formulates the synthesis process as a generalized eigenvalue problem. The methodology can be applied for arbitrary geometries of the transmitter array and whatever the rectenna shape. A preliminary numerical validation is presented to assess the flexibility and potentialities of the method.

15:00         CHGBDJK.5  ON THE MINIMIZATION OF SIDE-LOBES IN LARGE ANTENNA ARRAYS FOR MICROWAVE POWER TRANSMISSION

B. B. Shishkov, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria;  N. Shinohara, H. Matsumoto, K. Hashimoto, T. Mitani, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan  

Various interesting properties a large antenna arrays with randomly, uniformly and combined spacing of elements have been studied, especially the relationship between the required number of elements and their appropriate spacing from one viewpoint and the desired SLL, the aperture dimension, the beamwidth and TE from the other. We propose a new unified approach in searching for reducing SLL by exploiting the interaction of deterministic and stochastic workspaces of proposed algorithms.

15:20         CHGBDJK.6  EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON ONE-DIMENSIONAL PHASED ARRAY ANTENNA INCLUDING LOSSY DIGITAL PHASE SHIFTERS FOR TRANSMITTING POWER MAXIMIZATION

T. Mitani, Kyoto University, Uji, Japan;  S. Tanaka, Y. Ebihara, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan  

A large-scale phased array antenna will be adopted as a microwave power transmitter of solar power satellites. The objective of the present study is to maximize transmitting power of a large-scale phased array antenna including lossy digital phase shifters. In the present paper, we describe a newly developed algorithm for transmitting power maximization, and demonstration experiments of a one-dimensional 12-elements phased array antenna including 4-bit lossy digital phase shifters. We confirmed effectiveness of the developed algorithm through the demonstration experiments as well as numerical simulations.

15:40          Tea/Coffee Break

16:00         CHGBDJK.7  NEW RESEARCH FACILITIES OF PHASED ARRAY AND ANECHOIC CHAMBER FOR SPS

N. Shinohara, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

A Space Solar Power Satellite/Station (SPS) requires high efficiency and low cost phased array for a microwave power transmission from the SPS to ground. For the phased array of the SPS, we have developed new phased array research facility, new rectenna (rectifying antenna) array research facility, and a special anechoic chamber for the SPS experiment in Kyoto University in FY2010. In this paper, I show the characteristics of the new phased array and rectenna array. I also introduce the new anechoic chamber for the SPS in Kyoto University.

16:20         CHGBDJK.8  MW WPT FOR HAPS AND SPS: CONCEPTS, EMI AND BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS ISSUES

J. Gavan, S. Tapuchi, SCE, Ashdod, Israel

The long distances Microwave (MW) Wireless Power Transmission (WPT) concepts are followed by the presentation of high Altitude Platforms (HAPS) principles. Stratospheric HAPS operation requiring up to a few hundreds kW of electrical power is limited by long sun eclipses. The realization of terrestrial MW WPT systems feeding HAPS could be useful for their long duration operation and for the preliminary tests of more complex and power demanding Solar Power Satellites (SPS) systems. Electro Magnetic Interference (EMI) and biological hazards issues will be discussed for selected frequencies and compared for terrestrial, HAPS and SPS long range MW WPT systems.

16:40         CHGBDJK.9  IMPACT TO THE RADIO ASTRONOMY BY THE INTERFERENCE CAUSED BY THE SOLAR POWER SATELLITE SYSTEMS

M. Ohishi, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Tokyo, Japan

We have conducted a preliminary study to assess interference caused by a SPS to radio astronomy observations, and show that the SPS that is currently planned is highly unlikely to coexist with radio astronomy observations.

17:00         CHGBDJK.10  CYLINDRICAL DIELECTRIC RESONATOR ANTENNAS FED BY A STAIR SLOT IN THE GROUND PLANE OF A MICROSTRIPLINE

H. Raggad, ESEO Angers, Angers, France;  M. Latrach, Universit de Nantes, Nantes, France;  T. Razban, facult de science de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisie  

A novel coupling scheme to cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna is proposed and investigated. In particular, coupling to the resonator is achieved by simple slot firstly and a stair slot secondly exited by a microstrip line. The objectives of this change are to maximize the coupling, increase a gain and miniaturize the structure antenna, achieve resonance at the desired frequency. An approximate and quick design approach is given followed by more accurate design and analysis using commercial software. The antenna was fabricated and tested. Measurements match well with simulation results.

17:20          End of the Session

DT – RFID Technology and Applications

Session Chair: Franz Kaertner

Session     DT

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Wednesday, August 17, 13:40-14:40

Room        Dolmabahçe B

13:40         DT.1  INKJET-PRINTED PAPER/POLYMER-BASED RFID AND WIRELESS SENSOR NODES

M. M. Tentzeris, A. Rida, A. Traille, H. Lee, V. Lakafosis, R. Vyas, Georgia Tech, Atlanta, United States

In this talk, inkjet-printed flexible antennas, RF electronics and sensors fabricated on paper and other polymer (e.g.LCP)substrates are introduced as a system-level solution for ultra-low-cost mass production of UHF Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Tags and Wireless Sensor Nodes (WSN) in an approach that could be easily extended to other microwave and wireless applications. Plus, we will discuss issues concerning the power sources of "near-perpetual" RF modules and the first examples of the integration of inkjet-printed nanotechnology-based (e.g.CNT) sensors on paper and organic substrates.

14:40          End of the Session

EB – Electromagnetic Modelling for EMC

Session Chairs: Levent Gurel, A. Tijhuis

Session     EB

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Wednesday, August 17, 13:40-17:20

Room        Galata

13:40         EB.1  MULTI-SCALE MODELLING IN THE TIME-DOMAIN FOR EMC STUDIES

C. Christopoulos, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom

The paper addresses a particular feature of EMC, namely the presence of multi-scale objects, which make it a challenging modelling problem. By a multi-scale problem we mean the presence in the same solution space of features which are electrically small (relatively to the wavelength) and electrically large. The brute force approach requiring faster and larger computers has its limits. An innovative modelling approach based on hybrid techniques is needed. The embedding of local solutions around fine features in the form of macro-models and the hybridization of structured and unstructured meshes are described.

14:00         EB.2  EFFICIENT STOCHASTIC EMC/EMI ANALYSIS USING HDMR-GENERATED SURROGATE MODELS

A. C. Yucel1, H. Bagci2, E. Michielssen1;  1University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; 2King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

This paper presents an extension to generalized polynomial chaos (gPC) based stochastic collocation methods (SC) for statistically characterizing EMC/EMI phenomena. The proposed extension leverages high dimensional model representation (HDMR) expansions to approximate EMC/EMI observables in terms of finite sums of component functions. The HDMR expansion is constructed by iteratively selecting significant component functions, each of which is approximated by an h-adaptive SC-gPC method. The proposed extension is capable of statistically characterizing rapidly varying/smooth observables pertinent to EMC/EMI analysis characterized by a large number of uncertain parameters.

14:20         EB.3  EMI/EMC MODELING OF PACKAGED ELECTRONICS: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

A. C. Cangellaris, J. Russer, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States

The complexity of EMI/EMC modeling at the system level of multifunctional electronics necessitates the use of approximations in the development of a manageable computer model. Such approximations can be interpreted in terms of geometric, material, and layout variability. This variability calls for methodologies and tools for predictive component and system performance and functionality assessment in the presence of uncertainty. Such modeling capability is not available today. This paper explores the opportunities for and potential benefits from the development of such modeling capability in support of EMI/EMC modeling for noise-aware computer-aided integration of multi-functional electronic systems.

14:40         EB.4  HIGHER ORDER FULLY OVERLAPPING DOMAIN DECOMPOSITION METHOD FOR EMI/EMC MODELING

T. Peng, K. Sertel, J. L. Volakis, The Ohio State University, Columbus, United States

We propose a fully overlapping domain decomposition method for the analysis of small radiating/receiving features situated in large enclosures for EMI/EMC analysis. The proposed method decouples the relatively dense finite element mesh (representing the small scale RF environment with high fidelity), from the coarse background mesh modeling propagation and coupling effects with enclosures and nearby cable bundles. This overlapping decomposi- tion allows for unstructured meshing of the small features within large domains, providing great flexibility in modeling multi-scale electromagnetic environments. We also demonstrate a higher-order version of the proposed method to further improve computational efficiency.

15:00         EB.5  A WIDEBAND FAST INTEGRAL EQUATION SOLVER COMBINING MULTILEVEL FAST MULTIPOLE AND MULTILEVEL GREENS FUNCTION INTERPOLATION METHOD WITH FAST FOURIER TRANSFORM ACCELERATION

D. T. Schobert, T. F. Eibert, TU Muenchen, Munich, Germany

A wideband fast integral solver employing a fast Fourier transform accelerated multilevel Greens function interpolation method (MLIPFFT) combined with the multilevel fast multipole method (MLFMM) is presented. On fine levels of the employed oct-tree structure, the low frequency stable MLIPFFT is utilized. At a certain wavelength dependent threshold for the box size, the interpolation point based representation of the MLIPFFT is converted into its k-space representation suitable for an MLFMM. On the coarser levels, MLFMM translations are used then, where the MLIPFFT becomes less efficient. The functionality of this hybrid algorithm is demonstrated in an example.

15:20         EB.6  A LARGE DOMAIN COMPLETE BASIS FUNCTION SET FOR CURVED SURFACES

M. Casaletti, S. Maci, Universit degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy;  G. Vecchi, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy  

This paper presents a new set of complete basis functions for curved scatterers derived by the generalization of the recently introduced Linear Phase Functions in the parametric space. This set is able to represent the field radiated by any current on a curved surface in a nonredundant way. The procedure has been validated through comparison with standard RWG based MoM solution.

15:40          Tea/Coffee Break

16:00         EB.7  ON ANALYTIC EXPRESSIONS FOR FAST ESTIMATION OF COUPLING BETWEEN ELECTRICALLY SHORT THIN-WIRE ANTENNAS WITHIN CAVITIES

F. Gronwald, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany

Method of moment solutions for thin-wire antenna currents can turn to analytic solutions if the antennas are electrically small. This observation is useful for the analysis of interior problems of Electromagnetic Compatibility when transmitting and receiving thin-wire antennas serve to model electromagnetic sources and victims within a resonating environment. The analytic solutions allow fast evaluation of corresponding couplings but also are of limited accuracy. This is exemplified by the example of two coupled antennas within a rectangular cavity where coupling results between an analytical solution and an actual method of moment solution are compared.

16:20         EB.8  TOWARDS A FIRST TIME RIGHT DESIGN OF THE COMMON MODE CHOKE

A. Roc'h, ASML / University of Eindhoven, Eindhoven, Netherlands;  F. Leferink, Thales Nederland / University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands  

There is a need for an analytical model of the EMI filter relating its designable parameters to its final performances in the circuit. The final goal of the model is to support a first time right design of the common mode choke. A new equivalent circuit is proposed where impedances are related to the designable parameters of the choke. The actual performances of the choke can be evaluated via a modification factor of the common mode current. Sensitivities and deviation studies give additional insight on the behavior of the filter once it is placed in the practical system.

16:40         EB.9  A SHORT INVESTIGATION IN THE OLD WALL STIRRING METHOD FOR REVERBERATING CHAMBERS

J. Nijenhuis, Comtest, Zoeterwoude, Netherlands

An old method of stirring a reverberating chamber, shifting a wall, has been simulated and compared with the common stirring methods. The main advantage is that there is no stirrer that has to be placed away from the walls and so in e
ect is placed in the middle of the chamber. A stirred volume of 10 % can easily be achieved with only one stirrer, so only one actuator and maintaining a large working volume. The chamber is well shielded by building the moving wall inside the shielded box and no stirrer means less surface so a higher Q factor.

17:00         EB.10  TIME-DOMAIN INVESTIGATION ON RIBBON CABLE-INDUCED TRANSIENT COUPLING INTO ENCLOSURE

Q.-F. Liu, C.-H. Fang, X.-N. Zhao, S.-Q. Zheng, China ship development and design center, wuhan, China

A hybrid time-domain method is proposed for characterizing electromagnetic interference (EMI) signals in some composite structures with two-wire ribbon cable transmission lines, metallic enclosures, and even lumped active devices involved. In order to fast capture the inner EMI signals induced, Finite Difference Time-Domain (FDTD), and multi-conductor transmission lines (MTL) methods are combined together and implemented successfully. Numerical investigation is carried out to show the induced current, voltage, and enclosure shielding effectiveness of some practical geometry with metallic enclosure and ribbon cables, and even a cable networks.

17:20          End of the Session

F06 – Remote Sensing of Oceans, Cryosphere and Related Topics

Session Chair: Albin Gasiewski

Session     F06

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Wednesday, August 17, 13:40-17:20

Room        Haliç

13:40         F06.1  SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF MICROWAVE BACKSCATTERING AND EMISSION TO SNOW WATER EQUIVALENT: SYNERGY OF DUAL SENSOR OBSERVATIONS

P. Pampaloni, M. Brogioni, G. Macelloni, S. Paloscia, S. Pettinato, E. Santi, Institute of Applied Physics - National Research Council - IFAC-CNR, Florence, Italy;  A. Crepaz, Centro Valanghe Arabba, Arabba, Italy  

A sensitivity analysis of emission and backscattering to snow water equivalent (SWE) is performed using a two-layer Dense Medium Radiative Transfer Model implemented for both active and passive case. To evaluate the potential of the Cosmo-Skymed mission, the study is focussed on X band sensors. Simulations have shown an appreciable sensitivity of X-band backscattering/emission to dry snow for SWE higher than 70-100 mm and relatively high values of snow density and crystal dimensions. Experimental data from CosmoSkymed and ground based radiometers confirmed these results. Synergetic combination of active/passive sensors is suggested for operational use.

14:00         F06.2  A UNIFIED MICROWAVE RADIATIVE TRANSFER MODEL WITH JACOBIAN FOR GENERAL PLANAR STRATIFIED MEDIA

M. Tian, A. J. Gasiewski, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, United States

A unified microwave radiative transfer (UMRT) model is presented for computing the thermal radiation from geophysical media comprised of planar multilayer spherical scatterers of arbitrary electrical size and density. UMRT employs discrete ordinate-eigenanalysis to solve the vector radiative transfer equation. Importantly, UMRT inherits the symmetrization, analytical diagonalization, and factorization techniques from the discrete ordinate tangent linear radiative transfer (DOTLRT) model devised by Voronovich et al., to ensure accuracy, numerical stability, and computational efficiency, along with Jacobian capability. However UMRT extends the applicability of DOTLRT by including the dense media radiative transfer theory and linear temperature profiles within slabs.

14:20         F06.3  ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING FROM TWO-SCATTERERS USING THE EXTENDED PROPAGATION-INSIDE-LAYER EXPANSION METHOD

M. Kouali1, G. Kubicke2, C. Bourlier1;  1University of Nantes, Nantes, France; 2Direction Generale de l'Armement, Bruz, France

In this paper, the electromagnetic scattering from two scatterers is analyzed from a rigorous integral formulation solved by the method of moments (MoM). G. Kubicke has recently developed the E-PILE (Extended Propagation-Inside-Layer Expansion) method to calculate the scattering from an object above a rough surface for a two-dimensional problem. This method allows us to calculate separately and exactly the interactions between the object and the rough surface. The purpose of this paper is to extend the E-PILE method to a three-dimensional problem.

14:40         F06.4  MODELING OF 2D RADAR BACKSCATTERING FROM OIL FILMS ON SEA SURFACES

N. Pinel, C. Bourlier, University of Nantes, Nantes, France;  I. Sergievskaya, Institute of Applied Physics, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia  

This paper presents the modeling of the radar backscattering from clean and contaminated seas for two-dimensional (2D) problems. Contaminated seas considered here are made up of homogeneous oil films on sea surfaces. In practice, these films being thin, they are assumed to form two parallel interfaces. In order to deal with this two-layer problem, a so-called "thin-layer" approach is tested and compared with a reference numerical method. Also, a more basic approach is tested for comparison. Last, by comparison with the clean sea case, the contaminated sea detection is tested with respect to the observation angle.

15:00         F06.5  VHF RADAR STUDIES OF THE MIGRATING AND NONMIGRATING DIURNAL AND SEMIDIURNAL TIDES OVER A TROPICAL AND AN EQUATORIAL STATION

K. N. Uma, K. K. Kumar, S. S. Das, Space Physics Laboratory, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, ISRO, Govt. of India, Trivandrum, Trivandrum, India

VHF radar measurements of winds are utilized to study the diurnal and semi-diurnal tides over Gadanki and Kotatabang. The tidal amplitudes exhibit maxima in UTLS region during June-September (Gadanki) and during March and September (Kotatabang). The vertical wavelength is 3-5km (Gadanki) and 25-30km (Kotatabang), which reveal the existence of nonmigrating and migrating tides, respectively. Brightness temperature shows that over Gadanki(deep) and Kotatabang (shallow) convective clouds. Latent-heat release by deep-clouds is found to be the main source mechanism for nonmigrating tides. This study brings out the differences in tides over equator and low latitude.

15:20         F06.6  ANALYTICAL PREDICTION OF THE POLARIZED DOPPLER SPECTRUM FROM NONLINEAR OCEAN SURFACE AT MICROWAVE FREQUENCY

G. Soriano, Aix-Marseille Universite, Marseille, France;  C.-A. Guerin, Universite du Sud-Toulon-Var, Toulon, France;  F. Nouguier, IFREMER, Brest, France  

This poster depicts the use of combined hydrodynamic and electromagnetic analytical models for the simulation of the polarized ocean Doppler spectrum at microwave frequencies. We consider linear and weakly nonlinear sea surfaces after the Choppy Wave Model and incorporate them in the Weighted Curvature Approximation surface scattering method. Statistical expressions are derived, for the Doppler spectrum as well as for its central frequency and width. Results compare favorably with rigorous numerical computations for one-dimensional surfaces published in the literature. The simplicity of the analytical models provide a valuable tool for the Doppler analysis of two-dimensional sea-surfaces.

15:40          Tea/Coffee Break

16:00         F06.7  A METHOD OF CALCULATION OF ELECTRON DENSITY PROFILES FROM H'(F) TRACES OF VERTICAL SOUNDING

O. A. Laryunin, V. I. Kurkin, Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Irkutsk, Russian Federation

In this paper we describe a method developed at ISTP SB RAS to calculate the electron density profile in the anisotropic ionosphere from vertical sounding data. The input data in the problem provided are magnetic inclination and h(f) traces for ordinary and extraordinary wave. The output data are the electron density profile (or the plasma frequency profile). The program implementing this algorithm has been tested for a great number of model profiles, and the profiles calculated provide a coincidence accurate enough with the original ones except a valley region discrepancy inevitable for any approximating method.

16:20         F06.8  COMPARISON OF NO2 VERTICAL PROFILES FROM SATELLITE AND GROUND BASED MEASUREMENTS OVER ANTARCTICA

P. S. Kulkarni1, D. Bortoli2, M. J. Costa1;  1University of Evora, Evora, Portugal; 2Institute for Atmospheric Science and Climate (ISAC-CNR), Bologna, Italy

The Intercomparison of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) vertical profiles, derived from the satellite based HALogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) measurements and from the ground based UV-VIS spectrometer GASCOD (Gas Analyzer Spectrometer Correlating Optical Differences) observations at the Mario Zucchelli Station (MZS), in Antarctica, are done for the first time. It is shown here that both datasets are in good agreement showing the same features in terms of magnitude, profile structure, and temporal variations.

16:40         F06.9  INVESTIGATION OF RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE AT L-BAND USING DATA FROM AIRBORNE HUT-2D RADIOMETER AND SPACEBORNE SMOS RADIOMETER

M. T. Hallikainen, J. Kainulainen, J. Seppanen, A. Hakkarainen, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland;  K. Rautiainen, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland  

Aperture synthesis technique in L-band radiometry is effective in producing good quality data with reasonable ground resolution. However, since the technique is based on using numerous individual receivers, from which the output signals are correlated, the technique is sensitive to man-made interfering signal sources. It is important to identify existing sources of Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) to ensure good quality data. This paper describes the work done in Aalto University using available SMOS data and Aalto University's L-band aperture synthesis airborne radiometer (HUT-2D) data collected during the SMOS rehearsal campaigns and national campaigns.

17:00         F06.10  SIMULTANEOUS RETRIEVAL OF SEA SURFACE WIND SPEED AND SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE FROM A MULTI-FREQUENCY SCANNING MICROWAVE RADIOMETER

D. Swain, National Remote Sensing Centre, ISRO, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India

Derivation of geophysical parameters from satellite measured brightness-temperature (TB) is an important aspect of satellite remote sensing. In this work, an Artificial Neural Network model has been attempted to simultaneously obtain sea surface wind speed (WS) and sea surface temperature (SST) utilizing 8 channels TB (including dual polarizations) of Multifrequency Scanning Microwave Radiometer on board Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS-P4) and deep sea ocean buoys in the North Indian Ocean. The ANN obtained values are then compared with actual in situ observations, concluding that the ANN model provides good estimates of WS and SST, within acceptable errors.

17:20          End of the Session

G06 – Distributed Ground and Space-based Observatories for Space Weather Studies

Session Chairs: Patricia Doherty, Anthea Coster, Lee-Anne McKinnell

Session     G06

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Wednesday, August 17, 13:40-17:00

Room        Topkapi A

13:40         G06.1  COORDINATED ARRAYS OF DISTRIBUTED INSTRUMENTS: A NEW WINDOW ON GEOSPACE SCIENCE AND SPACE WEATHER EFFECTS

J. C. Foster, MIT Haystack Observatory, Westford, MA, United States

MIT Haystack Observatory, Westford, MA, United States Geospace is a complex coupled system, and arrays of ground and space-based instrumentation are needed to monitor and understand geospace characteristics and dynamics on a global, real-time basis. Several geospace research topics requiring a system perspective and coordinated distributed observations are discussed. Both the CEDAR 2010 Strategic Plan and the DASI initiative (Distributed Arrays of Scientific Instruments) embrace these concepts. A phased approach to DASI, combining existing instrument arrays to address system-science research topics, is an initial step toward providing the needed global geospace coverage.

14:00         G06.2  IDENTIFICATION OF TIDS AND PLASMA DEPLETIONS USING THE LISN OBSERVATORY

C. E. Valladares, P. H. Doherty, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, United States

The Low-latitude Ionospheric Sensor Network (LISN) is a distributed observatory that includes GPS receivers, magnetometers and ionosondes deployed in South America. Continuous values of TEC measured by 127 GPS receivers over South America have been used to construct maps of TEC. And, to identify TEC perturbations that are associated with the passage of traveling ionospheric disturbances (TID) and plasma depletions. This presentation will show initial results on the seasonal/longitudinal distributions of TEC depletions over South America and the relationship of these distributions with the variability of TEC and the occurrence of TEC perturbations associated with gravity waves.

14:20         G06.3  CO-LOCATED SPACE WEATHER RADAR STUDIES OVER SOUTHERN AFRICA

L.-A. McKinnell1,2, R. Athieno1,2, J. B. Habarulema1,2, N. Ssessanga1,2, C. Ngwira1,2;  1Hermanus Magnetic Observatory, Hermanus, South Africa; 2Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa

Recently attention has been given to increasing the geophysical infrastructure within the African region with particular emphasis on data collection for the enhancement of our knowledge of events that result from adverse Space Weather. South Africa continues to contribute to this effort by expanding its own networks, assisting networks in other African countries, and training young researchers from Africa. At least 4 field sites in South Africa host co-located radar systems. This paper will demonstrate the ability to enhance scientific investigation of Space Weather events over South Africa using co-located radar systems.

14:40         G06.4  HIGH-LATITUDE GPS TEC CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH SUDDEN MAGNETOSPHERIC COMPRESSION

P. T. Jayachandran1, C. J. Watson1, I. J. Rae2, K. Meziane1, J. W. MacDougall3, D. W. Danskin4, R. Chadwick1, T. D. Kelley1, P. Prikryl1;  1University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada; 2University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; 3University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; 4Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada

Using ionospheric total electron content (TEC) measured by Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers of the Canadian High Arctic Network (CHAIN), we provide clear evidence for a systematic and propagating TEC enhancement produced by the compression of the magnetosphere due to a sudden increase in the solar wind dynamic pressure. Application of a GPS triangulation technique revealed that the TEC chnages propagated with a speed of ~ 6 km/s near noon and ~ 7 km/s in the pre-noon sectors. This is consistent with the scenario of increased ionospheric convection due to the magnetospheric compression.

15:00         G06.5  CONCURRENT OBSERVATIONS OF UPPER THERMOSPHERIC NEUTRAL WIND AND PLASMA CONVECTION AT HIGH LATITUDES OF BOTH HEMISPHERES

M. Foerster1, S. E. Haaland2,3, E. Doornbos4;  1GeoForschungsZentrum (GFZ) Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany; 2Max-Planck-Institute for Solar System Research, Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany; 3Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; 4Delft Institute for Earth Observation and Space Systems (DEOS), Delft, The Netherlands

We present statistical studies of both the high-latitude ionospheric convection and the upper thermospheric circulation patterns obtained from almost a decade of measurements starting in 2001 of the electron drift instrument (EDI) on board the Cluster satellites and an accelerometer on board the CHAMP spacecraft, respectively. We obtained both regular upper thermospheric wind vorticity and ionospheric plasma drift pattern according to the various IMF conditions in a statistical average sense. The results show some prominent asymmetries between the two hemispheres, which are mainly due to different geographic-geomagnetic offsets and can partly be attributed to differing ionospheric conductivities

15:20         G06.6  INTERCEPTED SIGNALS FOR IONOSPHERIC SCIENCE

F. D. Lind, A. J. Coster, P. J. Erickson, J. C. Foster, MIT Haystack Observatory, Westford, MA, United States;  J. D. Sahr, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States  

The Intercepted Signals for Ionospheric Science (ISIS) Array is a coherent software radio network that has recently been deployed. Nodes of this array are installed along the northern United States, and the array is well positioned for the observation of Space Weather in the mid-latitude Geospace environment. We will describe the design of the array, its status, and give examples of observations. We will present coherent scatter observations of E-region irregularities during the Geomagnetic storm of August 3-5, 2010. To conclude we will provide an overview of future directions for distributed software radio sensor networks.

15:40          Tea/Coffee Break

16:00         G06.7  THE SOUTH AMERICA VLF NETWORK (SAVNET): PROVIDING NEW GROUND-BASED DIAGNOSTICS OF SPACE WEATHER CONDITIONS

J.-P. Raulin, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, So Paulo, SP, Brazil

Wereport recent results obtained by the South America VLF Network (SAVNET). The use of the VLF technique by tracking subionospheric propagation anomalies appears as a very promising tool to study various aspects of Space Weather disturbances. On long timescales it is possible to indirectly monitor the solar Lyman-a radiation along the solar cycles. Short time phenomena like solar explosive events can be observed with 100% probability, even for the small intensity events. Finally, the same technique is relevant to study the low ionospheric perturbations caused by geomagnetic storms on typical timescales of a day to few days.

16:20         G06.8  EQUATORIAL SCINTILLATION CHARACTERISTICS DURING SOLAR MINIMUM: OBSERVATIONS FROM THE SCINDA NETWORK

K. Groves, R. Caton, J. Retterer, Air Force Research Laboratory, Hanscom AFB, MA, United States;  C. Carrano, C. Bridgwood, S. Basu, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States  

The Communication/Navigation Outage Forecast System (C/NOFS) satellite was launched in April 2008 for the purpose of specifying and forecasting equatorial ionospheric scintillation. For the first two years on orbit the satellite operated in a period of very low solar flux and observed a significant occurrence of irregularities in the post-midnight timeframe while detecting an unexpectedly low level of disturbances in the post-sunset sector prior to midnight. Here we investigate the occurrence of irregularities as observed from the SCINDA network of ground sensors, comparing and contrasting differences and similarities.

16:40         G06.9  GROUND-BASED INSTRUMENTATIONS IN AFRICAN AND THEIR SCIENTIFIC AND SOCIETAL BENEFITS TO THE REGION

E. Yizengaw, Institute for Scientific Research, Chestnut Hill, United States

Satellites observations indicated that the equatorial ionosphere in the African sector responds differently than other sectors. To investigate in detail, during the past couple of years very limited instruments have been either deployed in the region or in process. However, to understand the most dynamic ionospheric irregularities in the region, those few instruments are far from enough. By combining the multi instrument independent observations, this paper will show a cause and effect space weather impact in the region for the first time. The paper will present the ongoing extensive activities on the possibilities of placing an equatorial ISR in Africa.

17:00          End of the Session

HG2 – Radio Sounding in Ionospheres and Magnetospheres and Associated Plasma Phenomena II

Session Chairs: Robert Benson, Bodo Reinisch, Gordon James, Vikas Sonwalkar

Session     HG2

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Wednesday, August 17, 13:40-17:20

Room        Topkapi B

13:40         HG2.1  VARIATION OF THE ELECTRON DENSITY IN THE HIGH-LATITUDE TOPSIDE IONOSPHERE DURING LARGE MAGNETIC STORMS

V. Truhlik1, R. F. Benson2, J. Fainberg2, V. Osherovich2, Y. Wang3, D. Bilitza4,5, S. Fung6;  1Department of Upper Atmosphere, Praha, Czech Republic; 2Geospace Physics Laboratory, Code 673, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; 3Space Weather Laboratory, Code 674, Heliophysics Science Division, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; 4Heliospheric Physics Laboratory, Code 672, Heliophysics Science Division, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; 5Space Weather Laboratory, Fairfax, VA, USA; 6Geospace Physics Laboratory, Code 673, Heliophysics Science Division, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA

We investigate the response of the high latitude topside ionosphere to large geomagnetic storms. We employ electron-density profiles, derived from the Alouette and ISIS topside sounder satellites, available from http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/space/isis/isis-status.html which also describes a recent data restoration project. The focus was on the 20-yr interval from 1965 to 1985 when both solar-wind and Alouette/ISIS topside-sounder data are potentially available. Several case studies were investigated and some showed significant Ne enhancements in the high-latitude topside ionosphere. We present and discuss these cases in detail.

14:00         HG2.2  GETTING NEW SCIENCE FROM OLD TOPSIDE SOUNDER DATA WITH NEW ANALYSIS TECHNIQUE

D. Bilitza, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States;  R. F. Benson, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States;  B. W. Reinisch, X. Huang, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States;  V. Truhlik, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Praha, Czech Republic  

The Alouette/ISIS topside sounder satellites recorded a great wealth of information about the topside ionosphere during their long period of operations from 1962 to 1990. So much though that only a small percentage was analyzed during the mission lifetime. A data restoration effort first digitized the analog data and then developed the TOPIST software for automated inversion of the ionograms to electron density profiles. We present the data base established by this data restoration project and discuss science results obtained with these data. The ISIS project homepage is at http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/space/isis/isis-status.html.

14:20         HG2.3  SPACE PLASMA ENVIRONMENT AT HIGH AND POLAR LATITUDES BY THE COSMOS 1809 SATELLITE TOPSIDE SOUNDER DATA

S. A. Pulinets1,2, N. P. Danilkin1, K. G. Tsybulya1, E. A. Pan'shin1;  1Fiodorov Institute of Applied Geophysics, Moscow, Russian Federation; 2Space Research Institute RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation

The paper presents results of Cosmos 1809 satellite topside sounder data processing. Analogous records of topside ionograms collected during the icebreaker Sibir cruise to the North Pole in 1987 are transformed in the digital ionograms dataset for the more than 100 cross-pole passes (more than 8000 ionograms). For different plasma conditions (fp>fhe and fp<fhe) we demonstrate the power of topside sounding using not only traditional critical frequency and vertical profile parameters but also the plasma resonances distribution, natural emissions registered both on ionograms and on dynamic spectrograms created from AGC records which permit to map magnetospheric structures.

14:40         HG2.4  SPACE-BORNE RADIO-SOUNDING INVESTIGATIONS FACILITATED BY THE VIRTUAL WAVE OBSERVATORY (VWO)

R. F. Benson, S. F. Fung, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, United States;  D. Bilitza, George Mason University/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, United States;  L. N. Garcia, Wyle Information Systems, LLC/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, United States;  X. Shao, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States;  I. A. Galkin, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Massachusetts, United States  

The goal of the Virtual Wave Observatory (VWO) is to provide user-friendly access to heliophysics wave data. While the VWO initially emphasized data from passive receivers, it can also be used to access active sounder data sets. Here we use examples from some half-million Alouette-2, ISIS-1, and ISIS-2 digital topside-sounder ionograms to demonstrate the desirability of such access to the actual ionograms for investigations of both natural and sounder-stimulated plasma-wave phenomena. By this demonstration, we wish to encourage investigators to make other valuable space-borne sounder data sets accessible via the VWO.

15:00         HG2.5  HIGH FREQUENCY DIAGNOSTICS ON THE CORONAS-I SATELLITE

A. Kiraga, Space Research Center PolishAcadamy of Science, Warsaw, Poland

Quasi simultaneous data on High Frequency (HF) noise, antenna impedance and topside sounder were registered onboard the CORONAS-I satellite which operated in a nearly circular orbit of 500 km altitude and 82.5 deg inclination. Relevant details of the instrument operation are presented. We show the relevance of the equivalent circuit approach for identification of plasma density signatures in the noise and impedance data. Examples of onboard reduction of topside sounder data are presented. Examples of electron-density signatures extracted by onboard processing of impedance data and topside sounder data are shown. The advantages of integrated diagnostics for monitoring the plasma density are pointed out.

15:20         HG2.6  EMISSION AND RECEPTION OF BERNSTEIN WAVES IN THE OEDIPUS-C EXPERIMENT

G. James, Communications Research Centre Canada, Ottawa, ON K2H 8S2, Canada

The amplitudes of electron cyclotron waves (ECWs, Bernstein waves) transmitted near twice the electron gyrofrequency during the OEDIPUS-C two-point experiment were computed under particular assumptions. The current in the emitting dipole was determined by the impedance for simultaneously emitted cold-plasma ordinary- and extraordinary-mode waves. The Bernstein electric-field radiation patterns of that dipole were based on the dispersion surfaces from the hot-plasma theory for magnetoplasmas. These patterns were found to have maxima close to the magnetic field axis. Computations of the receiving dipole voltages were based on an assumption about the dipole effective length.

15:40          Tea/Coffee Break

16:00         HG2.7  OVERVIEW OF THE PLASMA ENVIRONMENT OF MARS AS SEEN BY THE RADAR SOUNDER ON MARS EXPRESS SPACECRAFT, PART 1

F. Duru, D. A. Gurnett, D. D. Morgan, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States

MARSIS (Mars Advanced Radar on Subsurface and Ionospheric Sounding) on the Mars Express Spacecraft is in its 6th year of operation around Mars. MARSIS provides both local and remote measurements of electron densities and in some cases the magnitude of the magnetic field in the Martian ionosphere. Here, we give an overview of the plasma environment of Mars as seen by the radar. Both local and remote electron density profiles are reported, including density fluctuations and gradients, magnetically controlled structures, interaction between the ionosphere and the solar wind, and holes and other structures in the nightside ionosphere.

16:20         HG2.8  OVERVIEW OF THE PLASMA ENVIRONMENT OF MARS AS SEEN BY THE RADAR SOUNDER ON MARS EXPRESS SPACECRAFT, PART 2

F. Duru, D. A. Gurnett, D. D. Morgan, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States

MARSIS (Mars Advanced Radar on Subsurface and Ionospheric Sounding) on the Mars Express Spacecraft is in its 6th year of operation around Mars. MARSIS provides both local and remote measurements of electron densities and in some cases the magnitude of the magnetic field in the Martian ionosphere. Here, we give an overview of the plasma environment of Mars as seen by the radar. Both local and remote electron density profiles are reported, including density fluctuations and gradients, magnetically controlled structures, interaction between the ionosphere and the solar wind, and holes and other structures in the nightside ionosphere.

16:40         HG2.9  LESSONS LEARNED FROM WHISPER RELAXATION SOUNDER IN TEN YEARS OF CLUSTER MISSION

P. M. E. Decreau1, J.-G. Trotignon1, P. Canu2, S. Kougblenou1, G. Lointier1, J.-L. Rauch1, X. Vallieres1;  1LPC2E, CNRS, Orleans, France; 2LPP, CNRS, Palaiseau, France

The four WHISPER instruments on board the multi satellite CLUSTER mission, include a relaxation sounder aimed to measure accurately the electron plasma frequency (Fp), and the electron gyro-frequency (Fce). Those quantities give access to electron density (Ne) and intensity of magnetic field, key parameters defining local plasma regime. We present few examples of WHISPER instrument behaviour and results, in particular in magnetosheath, polar cap, outer and inner plasmasphere. In the latter region, the lower hybrid frequency, Flh, shows up as a clear resonance triggered by the sounder and allows measurement of Ne whenever Fp/Fce < 1.

17:00         HG2.10  SHALL WE CARRY RELAXATION SOUNDERS ONBOARD FUTURE MAGNETOSPHERIC MISSIONS? LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE ESA/NASA CLUSTER MISSION.

A. Masson, M. G. G. T. Taylor, H. Laakso, P. Escoubet, European Space Agency, Noordwijk, Netherlands

Since 2000, the four ESA/NASA Cluster satellites orbit the Earth from 20 Re down to 1 Re. Each spacecraft is equipped with the same set of 11 plasma instruments, among which a relaxation sounder named WHISPER. Scientific highlights where WHISPER data played a key role will be first presented. Then, we will illustrate how WHISPER is key to estimate the electron density in various magnetospheric regions (sometimes unforeseen), on its own and in conjunction with other plasma instruments. These lessons learned from Cluster will help to answer a practical question: shall we carry relaxation sounders onboard future magnetospheric missions?

17:20          End of the Session

J06 – Signal Processing, Calibration and Imaging in Radio Astronomy

Session Chairs: Tim Cornwell, Sanjay Bhatnagar

Session     J06

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Wednesday, August 17, 13:40-17:20

Room        Marmara

13:40         J06.1  INTEGRATING HPC INTO RADIO-ASTRONOMICAL DATA REDUCTION

A. Wicenec, K. Vinsen, C. Harris, D. Gerstmann, ICRAR, Perth, WA, Australia

The construction of the SKA and its pathfinders puts significant computational and power consumption constraints on the design of computer hardware. However, hardware is only one aspect of the problem space, even if we had extremely fast and power efficient computers today, we still could not process the data coming from the SKA due to its volume and time critical nature of the results. This talk outlines the challenges in the areas of: data flow; storage design and optimization; database integration into HPC; and touches on low-latency scheduling for ultrascale visualisation on HPC systems.

14:00         J06.2  IMAGING AND CALIBRATION ALGORITHMS FOR HERA

S. M. Ord, International Centre for Radio Astrononomy Research, Perth, WA, Australia

Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA) is a road-map for the construction of a large radio-wavelength array to study the Epoch of Reionization via measurements of the red-shifted 21 cm Hydrogen spectral line. The HERA I constituent instruments are generating data and addressing the calibration and imaging problem in different ways. I will briefly describe the real-time imaging and calibration techniques pioneered in the MWA. The HERA II instrument is an order of magnitude larger than HERA I. The ramifications of scaling the number of stations will also be outlined.

14:20         J06.3  IMAGING AND CALIBRATION ALGORITHM FOR GMRT

S. K. Sirothia, National Centre for Radio Astrophysics - Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Pune, India

We present the imaging and calibration of the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) visibility data through an analysis pipeline developed in GLISH using the framework of AIPS++. Starting with initial visibility data this analysis pipeline can be run in a completely automated fashion resulting in final data products, namely image along with the source catalogue. The pipeline has been used for making close to thermal noise limited images at all bands of operation of the GMRT, producing some of the high quality. A good source model building along with other tasks of AIPS++, essentially automates the complete analysis procedure.

14:40         J06.4  MEQTREES AND DIRECTION-DEPENDENT EFFECTS

O. M. Smirnov, G. de Bruyn, ASTRON, Dwingeloo, Netherlands

Direction-dependent effects (DDEs) represent a major challenge both for calibration of new radio telescopes, and for advancing the state of the art of existing ones. Various approaches to the problem are currently in development. This paper describes several WSRT observations where a pointing error -- commonly thought to be a major contributor to DDEs at higher frequencies -- was deliberately introduced. These observations were reduced using the MeqTrees package, using two different approaches to correct for DDEs: differential gain solutions, and a direct solution for pointing errors. The results of this are analysed and compared.

15:00         J06.5  MULTI-FREQUENCY-SYNTHESIS AND WIDE-FIELD IMAGING WITH THE EVLA

U. Rau, S. Bhatnagar, K. Golap, National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Socorro, NM, United States

Broad-band receivers are used on radio interferometers to increase their continuum-imaging sensitivity. However, the interferometer sampling function, the sky-brightness distribution, and the array-element response functions change with frequency. Imaging algorithms need to account for all these effects, and reconstruct both spatial and spectral structure over the wide fields-of-view allowed by the element response functions, while also achieving the full sensitivity offered by the large instantaneous bandwidths. In this talk, we will describe the algorithms used for wide-field wide-band imaging with the EVLA, and show imaging results that demonstrate our current capabilities.

15:20         J06.6  SHAPELETS AND RELATED TECHNIQUES IN RADIO-ASTRONOMICAL IMAGING

S. Yatawatta, Kapteyn Institute, University of Groningen and ASTRON, Groningen, Netherlands

We present the use of orthonormal basis functions, in particular, shapelets and prolate spheroidal wave functions, in radio astronomical imaging. By using such methods, it is possible to overcome some limitations of traditional pixel based image deconvolution. Therefore, such techniques will enable us to increase the achievable imaging dynamic range thus paving the way for novel scientific results. We give an overview of the current state of the art of such methods and provide examples of its use.

15:40          Tea/Coffee Break

16:00         J06.7  THE APPLICATION OF COMPRESSED SENSING TECHNIQUES IN RADIO ASTRONOMY

A. M. M. Scaife1, Y. Wiaux2,2,3;  1Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Dublin, Ireland; 2Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland; 3University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

I will describe the implication of sparsity constraints in image reconstruction and how these can be implemented using compressed sensing. I will give an overview of how this method can be applied to interferometric data and examples of where it may be optimally used. I will illustrate these arguments using data from currently operating telescopes and describe the importance of this method for the next-generation radio telescopes currently under construction.

16:20         J06.8  INTRINSIC ADVANTAGES OF THE W COMPONENT AND SPHERICAL IMAGING FOR WIDE-FIELD RADIO INTERFEROMETRY

J. D. McEwen1, Y. Wiaux1,1,2;  1Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; 2University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

Incorporating wide-field considerations in interferometric imaging is of increasing importance for next-generation radio telescopes. Compressed sensing techniques for interferometric imaging have been extended to wide fields recently, recovering images in the spherical coordinate space in which they naturally live. We review these techniques, highlighting: (i) how the effectiveness of the spread spectrum phenomenon, due to the w component inducing an increase of measurement incoherence, is enhanced when going to wide fields; and (ii) how sparsity is reduced by recovering images directly on the sphere. Both of these properties act to improve the quality of reconstructed images.

16:40         J06.9  INTERFERENCE CANCELLATION FOR RADIO ASTRONOMICAL IMAGES

R. Levanda, A. Leshem, Bari Ilan University, Ramet Gan, Israel

We present a new interference cancellation technique for radio astronomical images. The technique significantly reduces the interfering sources effect in the image. The resulted (dirty) image can then be further processed by deconvolution algorithms like CLEAN or MEM. The technique produces a dirty image with higher resolution and better clarity compared to commonly used methods. Performance enhancement is significant for scenarios with strong interfering sources inside and outside the field of view (i.e., confusing sources and terrestrial sources). Performance is demonstrated over both simulated and radio astronomical data.

17:00         J06.10  APPLICATION OF REDUNDANCY CALIBRATION TO PHASED ARRAYS AND SOME LIMITATIONS

P. Noorishad1, S. J. Wijnholds2, A. van Ardenne2, T. van der Hulst1;  1Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, Groningen, Netherlands; 2ASTRON, Dwingeloo, Netherlands

In new phased array instruments, a fundamental question is whether the geometrically redundant baselines in a regularly arranged phased array are really redundant. Based on real and simulated data, we demonstrate that for a phased array station, a regular arrangement of station elements is necessary but not sufficient to satisfy redundancy calibration requirements. This is due to the electromagnetic interaction between closely spaced antenna elements. This introduces a bias on the estimated calibration results. Understanding the nature of these effects has helped us to determine the limits of applicability of redundancy calibration for a given phased array.

17:20          End of the Session

K05 – Interactions with Human Body and Implanted Systems

Session Chairs: Niels Kuster, Koichi Ito

Session     K05

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Wednesday, August 17, 13:40-17:20

Room        Loft

13:40         K05.1  EXPERIMENTAL PHANTOMS FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF MEDICAL IMPLANT LEADS INDUCED SAR UNDER A LINEAR-PHASE INCIDENT FIELD CONDITION

E. Zastrow1,2, E. Cabot1, A. Christ1, N. Kuster1,2;  1Foundation for Research on Information Technologies in Society, Zrich, Switzerland; 2Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zrich, Switzerland

The induced SAR at the lead tip of medical implant leads can exceed the value reached under resonance conditions if the phase of the incident electric field tangential to the lead is varied even if the field amplitude remains constant. An approximately linear-phase incident field condition is found to maximize the energy deposition at the tip. We develop experimental phantoms for the assessment of induced SAR on medical implant leads under a constant-amplitude and linear-phase incident field condition. The incident fields along the lead paths in the phantoms are numerically validated prior to construction of the phantoms.

14:00         K05.2  MRI SAFETY ASSESSMENT OF A GENERIC DEEP BRAIN STIMULATOR

E. Cabot1, T. Lloyd2, A. Christ1, W. Kainz3, M. Douglas1, G. Stenzel2, S. Wedan2, N. Kuster1,4;  1IT'IS Foundation, Zurich, Switzerland; 2Imricor, Burnsville, USA; 3FDA, Silver Spring, USA; 4ETHZ, Zurich, Switzerland

The radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic field of magnetic resonance (MR) scanners can result in significant tissue heating due to the RF coupling with medical implants. The objective of this paper is to assess the safety of a generic deep brain stimulator (DBS) during MRI scans based on a combined numerical and experimental procedure. The evaluation is performed for 1.5\,T MR scanners using a generic model of a deep brain stimulator with a helical lead. The results show that the approach is technically feasible and provides sound and conservative information on the potential heating of implants.

14:20         K05.3  MAGNETIC RESONANCE (MR) SAFETY TESTING OF IMPLANTS USING NUMERICAL SIMULATION FOR WORST-CASE DETERMINATION

G. Schaefers, W. Goertz, Y. Noureddine, C. Koch, M. J. Pawlenka, MR:comp GmbH, Gelsenkirchen, Germany

MR safety and compatibility are important issues for all devices used within an MR environment. MR testing of medical devices is required for device approval by the regulatory agencies worldwide. Besides basic testing also computer modeling of electromagnetic fields and SAR distribution of passive devices has been established. Further methods for numerical analysis and testing are currently under development for active implantable medical devices. The methods will be published soon as an ISO Technical Specification listing such as RF- and gradient-induced voltages, heating, vibration and device malfunction by exposure to the static magnetic, switched gradient magnetic and electromagnetic field.

14:40         K05.4  CALCULATION OF HEATING OF PASSIVE IMPLANTS BY THE RF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD IN MRI

J. A. Nyenhuis, C. R. Miller, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States

The temperature rises during MRI for a passive implant in the form of a metal rod of 8 mm diameter and 118 mm length in the humerus were calculated with FDTD and the heat equation. In-vitro rises were calculated in media with different electrical properties. For a patient in the MRI coil with landmark in the torso and a whole body SAR of 2 W/kg, the calculated temperature rise after six minutes of RF power deposition was 1.3C for 64 MHz and 2.4C for 128 MHz. Heating for other implants can be calculated with these methods.

15:00         K05.5  IMPROVING RF SAFETY IN MRI BY MODIFYING THE ELECTRIC FIELD DISTRIBUTION

Y. Eryaman, E. Atalar, National Magnetic Resonance Research Center(UMRAM), Ankara, Turkey

In this work we demonstrate that the radiofrequency (RF) electric field in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be modified in order to enhance patient safety. The heating of metallic devices in MRI is directly related to electric field distribution. On the other hand the MR image homogeneity is related to forward polarized component of the magnetic field (transmit sensitivity). In order to prevent heating, electric field-free zones should be generated in the body without significantly altering the transmit sensitivity.

15:20         K05.6  NUMERICAL ESTIMATION METHODOLOGY FOR RFID/ACTIVE IMPLANTABLE MEDICAL DEVICE-EMI BASED UPON FDTD ANALYSIS

T. Hikage, Y. Kawamura, T. Nojima, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan

A numerical estimation methodology for RFID /Active Implantable Medical Device (AIMD) EMI based upon FDTD analysis is presented. This methodology can be applied to low-band RFID. In this paper, an example for RFID interrogator in the frequency band of 13.56 MHz is shown. It assumes that RFID interrogators operating in low frequency band might cause EMI on the AIMDs through the interference voltage induced by the magnetic flux excited by the interrogator. Calculated interference voltage was compared with the EMI characteristics obtained by in-vitro experiments to validate the analysis result.

15:40          Tea/Coffee Break

16:00         K05.7  SAFETY OF ACTIVE ELECTRONIC IMPLANTS OPERATED NEARBY TETRA-TRANSMITTERS

S. Cecil, Seibersdorf Laboratories, Seibersdorf, Austria;  G. Neubauer, Austrian Institute of Technology - AIT, Seibersdorf, Austria;  F. Rauscha, G. Stix, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria;  W. Mueller, C. Breithuber, Federal Ministry for the Interior, Vienna, Austria;  M. Glanzer, Austrian Red Cross, Vienna, Austria  

The purpose of this work is to investigate potential dangers for people carrying active electronic implants such as cardiac pacemakers resulting from the emissions of TETRA transmitters. The emitted electromagnetic fields of transmitters have the potential to influence the proper function of active electronic implants. The most common cardiac pacemakers and implantable defibrillators in Austria were selected to investigate their vulnerability against emissions from TETRA transmitters. 33 % of the investigated electronic implants were influenced by the TETRA-devices. The definition of safety distances between active electronic implants and TETRA-devices is recommended.

16:20         K05.8  EMF INTERFERENCE DETECTION UTILIZING THE RECORDING FEATURE OF CARDIAC PACEMAKERS

M. Hietanen, T. Alanko, M. Tiikkaja, H. Lindholm, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland

Electromagnetic interference with cardiac pacemakers occur in various work environments. In the case of interfering external signals, the pacemaker may misinterpret the signal as a heart-related problem and initiate treatment procedures unnecessarily. We evaluated the applicability of the recording feature of pacemakers to identify the interfering sources. The pacemakers were exposed to a wide variety of magnetic fields. When a pacemaker experienced interference, the time of interference was compared with the magnetic field exposure schedule. The interference recordings can be linked together with the exposure correctly, and so differentiate the EMF-induced pacemaker interference from other types of interference.

16:40         K05.9  DEVELOPMENT OF UHF IMPLANTED RFID ANTENNA FOR MEDICAL/HEALTH-CARE APPLICATIONS

H.-Y. Lin, M. Takahashi, K. Saito, K. Ito, Chiba university, Chiba, Japan

Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is a developed technology and useful for several fields; moreover, it has promising for reducing medical error and receiving the patients information without connecting cable lines in hospitals. In this paper, we present an implanted RFID antenna with 50-ohm system for medical/health-care applications. The antenna is designed for one of the UHF band (951956 MHz) and implanted into a three-layer phantom which represents human upper arm. Some characteristics including the S11 and the radiation pattern are calculated by use of the FDTD method and measured with the three-layer phantom.

17:00         K05.10  IN-BODY PATH LOSS MODEL FOR HOMOGENEOUS AND HETEROGENEOUS HUMAN TISSUES

L. Martens, D. Kurup, W. Joseph, G. Vermeeren, IBBT - Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium

An in-body path loss model in homogeneous human tissues is proposed based on 3D electromagnetic simulations and validated with measurements. Simulations are further extended for different relative permittivity and conductivity combinations spanning a range of human tissues at 2.45 GHz, and the influence of the dielectric properties on path loss is investigated and modelled. Finally, path loss in homogeneous medium is compared with the path loss in a heterogeneous human phantom.

17:20          End of the Session

DB3 – Metamaterial Applications

Session Chairs: Richard Ziolkowski, Nader Engheta, Christophe Caloz

Session     DB3

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Wednesday, August 17, 14:40-17:20

Room        Dolmabahçe B

14:40         DB3.1  THE DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE OF AN ISOTROPIC NEGATIVE-REFRACTIVE-INDEX METAMATERIAL LENS

S. M. Rudolph, A. Grbic, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States

In this paper, a three-dimensional, fully-isotropic, broadband negative-refractive-index (NRI) medium is proposed. The structure has a NRI bandwidth of 23.5% and a simulated loss of 0.063dB/cell at the operating frequency of 1.51GHz (where μ_r ≈ -1). The metamaterial is used to realize a NRI lens, the fabrication of which is described in detail. Analytical methods are used to predict the focusing capabilities of this lens at different frequencies based on the material parameters obtained from full-wave simulations.

15:00         DB3.2  PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS OF SOME PERMEABILITY-NEAR-ZERO STRUCTURES

S. He, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden;  Y. Jin, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China  

It is shown that when a source is surrounded by a dielectric split ring with a gap opened inside a permeability-near-zero shell the electromagnetic energy generated by the source is forced to propagate through the gap. When the gap is narrow, the energy stream density becomes very large and makes the magnetic field enhanced drastically in the gap. It is also shown that the radiation of a line current can be greatly enhanced by choosing appropriately the dimension of a dielectric domain (inside which the source is located) and the dimention of the permeability-near-zero shell.

15:20         DB3.3  METAMATERIAL WAVEGUIDE WITH LOSS COMPENSATION

C. Guclu, S. Pan, P. Nazari, B.-K. Chun, L. Gilreath, P. Heydari, F. Capolino, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States

This paper presents a silicon-based waveguide structure employing split ring resonators (SRRs) and distributed loss compensation mechanism suitable for fabrication. Higher phase constant is obtained by periodically loading waveguide (WG) with SRRs in sub-wavelength dimensions at the cost of extra large amount of losses. To relieve the losses problem, a circuitry is introduced in each SRR to compensate the loss while retaining the high phase constant achieved around the resonant frequency. This proposed waveguide with SRRs whose losses are compensated shows higher phase constant, lower attenuation constant and additional tunability compared to common waveguide.

15:40          Tea/Coffee Break

16:00         DB3.4  POWERED AND ACTIVE RF METAMATERIALS

S. A. Cummer, B.-I. Popa, A. Katko, Duke University, Durhan, NC, USA

We report techniques for the design of active and tunable RF metamaterials and measurements of their novel properties, including frequency agile metamaterials in which each element is individually computer controlled with a nonvolatile state memory, powered active metamaterials containing embedded amplifiers, and parametrically pumped nonlinear active metamaterials.

16:20         DB3.5  METAMATERIAL APPLICATOR FOR MICROWAVE HYPERTHERMIA

M. C. Velazquez-Ahumada, M. J. Freire, R. Marques, University of Seville, Seville, Spain

This work studies the application in hyperthermia of a microwave focusing device based on metamaterials. It consists of an array of split-ring resonators placed between two parallel metallic plates and it is fed by a small loop antenna which excites the split-rings. The device is modelled as an homogeneous uniaxial slab of negative permeability placed between two metallic plates. Both the fields and the temperature distribution in model of breast tissue and a tumor are numerically obtained. The field produced by the fabricated device inside a phantom resembling the breast tissue was measured to check the theoretical predictions.

16:40         DB3.6  RECENT PROGRESS IN APPLICATIONS OF CRLH STRUCTURE FOR ACTIVE MICROWAVE CIRCUITS

P.-L. Chi, B. Williams, T. Itoh, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States

Over the last decade, the composite right/left-handed (CRLH) transmission line structures have received great interest in the microwave community due to their unique physical characteristics that have been exploited for a number of applications, mostly for antennas and passive components. CRLH structures can also be applied to active circuits. This paper reviews some of the examples of active circuit applications of the CRLH structures.

17:00         DB3.7  EXPERIMENTAL DEMONSTRATION OF SPECTRAL NON-RECIPROCITY AND UNIDIRECTIONALITY IN VOLUMETRIC AND PRINTED MAGNETIC PHOTONIC CRYSTALS

K. Sertel, L. Zhang, N. Apaydin, J. L. Volakis, The Ohio State University, Columbus, United States

We present experimental confirmation of spectral non-reciprocity and unidirectionality in magnetic photonic crystals. The dispersion properties of such periodic anisotropic/magnetic media were also emulated on printed structures. We outline two designs that exhibit non-reciprocal dispersion diagrams in volumetric and printed magnetic photonic crystals. Due to spectral non-reciprocity, unidirectional propagation properties were experimentally observed. These designs can also be tuned such that a stationary inflection point is achieved within the propagation band. Correspondingly, a significantly longer group delay is observed in experiments. These measurements constitute the first experimental demonstration of the unique properties of magnetic photonic crystals.

17:20          End of the Session


 

AGJ – Pulsar Timing and Time Transfer

Session Chairs: Demetrios Matsakis, Michael Kramer, Susan Skone, W. Lewandowski, P. Banerjee

Session     AGJ

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Thursday, August 18, 08:00-11:00

Room        Dolmabahçe C

08:00         AGJ.1  TIMING OF OPTICAL PULSARS WITH TWO HIGH TIME RESOLUTION PHOTOMETERS AT ASIAGO AND NTT

C. Barbieri1, G. Naletto1, A. Shearer2, L. Zampieri3, C. Germana1, S. Gradari1, G. Codogno1;  1University of Padua, Padua, Italy; 2National University at Galway, Galway, Ireland; 3INAF, Padua, Italy

We have built two single photon very high speed photometers (Aqueye for the Asiago 1.8m telescope and Iqueye for the 3.5m ESO NTT). The two photometers are the most accurate time machines available to optical astronomy. Under the control of a GPS receiver and a Rubidium clock, the arrival time of each detected photon is referenced to UTC with a precision better than 500 picoseconds, for hours of data acquisition. Light curves for three optical pulsars will be reported. Simultaneous observations of the Crab pulsar with the Jodrell Bank RadioTelescope will also be reported.

08:20         AGJ.2  MAGNETAR ASTEROSEISMOLOGY WITH MAGNETO-DIPOLE RADIATION

S. Bastrukov, I. Molodtsova, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russian Federation;  R. Xu, J. Yu, Peking University, Beijing, China  

The radiative activity of quaking magnetar undergoing Lorentz-force-driven torsional seismic vibrations with monotonically decaying background field is described. It is shown that depletion of internal magnetic field pressure is accompanied by the loss of vibration energy of the star that causes its vibration period to lengthen at a rate proportional to the rate of magnetic field decay. Particular attention is given to the magnetic-field-decay induced conversion of the energy of differentially rotational Alfv\'en vibrations of magnetar into the energy of oscillating magneto-dipole radiation with elongating periods.

08:40         AGJ.3  ISM MONITORING OF NANOGRAV PULSARS

W. Majid, J. Lazio, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Caltech, Pasadena, CA, United States

NANOGravs goal is to make a direct detection of gravitational waves taking advantage of the extraordinary rotational stability of millisecond pulsars. The project has identified 80 pulsars for regular timing over the next decade. The timing precision necessary for detection of gravitational waves imposes strict requirements on understanding and correcting for systematic errors. A major source of systematic error is the changing interstellar medium density, which manifests itself in the dispersion correction applied to each observation. In this presentation we describe a new program to monitor a subset of NANOGrav pulsars using a large radio telescope in Goldstone, CA.

09:00         AGJ.4  ISSUES IN THE DETECTION OF NANO-HERTZ GRAVITATIONAL WAVES USING PULSARS: SPIN, JITTER AND SCINTILLATIONS

J. M. Cordes, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States;  R. M. Shannon, Australia Telescope National Facility, Sydney, Australia  

We assess detection of a nano-Hertz gravitational wave background using millisecond pulsars by considering red and white noise in timing residuals from the neutron star, magnetosphere, and interstellar medium. We evaluate how many MSPs are needed in a high-cadence, 5-year timing program. Unless a sample of 20 super-stable millisecond pulsars can be found (those with non-GW contributions less than 20 ns) a much larger program on 50 to 100 MSPs will require substantial fractions of time on existing telescopes, MeerKAT, and any deployment of the Square Kilometer Array that covers the 1-3 GHz range.

09:20          Tea/Coffee Break

09:40         AGJ.5  HOW CAN MILLISECOND PULSARS TRANSFER THE ACCURACY OF ATOMIC TIME?

G. Petit, BIPM, Sevres, France;  I. Cognard, LCP2E/CNRS, Orleans, France  

Atomic time scales like TAI and TT(BIPM) get their accuracy from primary frequency standards which realize the SI second. The rotation period of some millisecond pulsars is so regular that these may provide information on the long-term stability of time scales. As frequency standards continuously improve, atomic time progressively outperforms the rotation of pulsars. Nevertheless millisecond pulsars could be used as a flywheel to transfer the accuracy of newly developed standards to the past. We study the factors that may limit this transfer and estimate the accuracy that could be reached, with examples based on real pulsar data.

10:00         AGJ.6  TIME AND FREQUENCY ACTIVITIES OF THE US NAVAL OBSERVATORY

D. Matsakis, US Naval Observatory, Washington, DC, USA

The U. S. Naval Observatory (USNO) has provided timing for the Navy, DoD, and USA since 1830.The data used to generate UTC(USNO) are based upon about 70 HP5071 cesium and over 25 hydrogen maser frequency standards. The USNO disseminates time via voice, telephone modem, Network Time Protocol (NTP), GPS and Two-Way Satellite Time Transfer (TWSTT). We will describe some of the changes being madeto meet the anticipated needs of our users. While we aim to increase our accuracy and precision, we deem robustness equally important. Further details can be found at http://usno.navy.mil/usno.

10:20         AGJ.7  PRECISE FREQUENCY TRANSFER EXPERIMENTS USING VLBI AND OTHER TECHNIQUES

R. Ichikawa1, H. Takiguchi1, M. Kimura1, A. Ishii2, T. Hobiger3, Y. Koyama3, T. Kondo1, Y. Takahashi3, S. Tsuchiya3, F. Nakagawa3, M. Nakamura3, R. Tabuchi3, S. Hama3, T. Gotoh3, M. Fujieda3, M. Aida3, T. Li3, J. Amagai3;  1Kashima Space Research Center, NICT, Kashima, Ibaraki, Japan; 2Advanced Engineering Services Co.,Ltd., Tokyo, Japan; 3NICT, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan

We carried out inter-comparison experiments between VLBI, GPS, TWSTFT and DMTD in order to demonstrate that VLBI can measure the correct time difference. The frequency stability of VLBI reached up to 5X10^-14 at an averaging time of several hundreds seconds. In the experiments, we also evaluated the accuracy of each technique by inserting an artificial delay change into the path of the reference signal cable. The results reveal that the artificial delay changes measured by VLBI and DMTD show good agreement. From these experiments, we confirmed the capability of the geodetic VLBI technique for time transfer application.

10:40         AGJ.8  PRECISION TIMING AND RF SIGNAL DISSEMINATION FOR XFEL BY DELIVERING OPTICAL FREQUENCY COMB THROUGH LENGTH-STABILIZED FIBER

M. Musha, T. Ryuo, K. Nakagawa, K.-I. Ueda, University of electro-communications, Tokyo, Japan

We have developed the precision timing and rf signal dissemination system for a X-ray free electron laser (XFEL), under construction in Japan. The optical frequency comb was transmitted through a 1-km length-stabilized optical fiber for disseminating both rf and timing signals. The phase fluctuations of the rf signals at 5.712GHz was suppressed down to 0.0042 radian that is used for synchronizing linear accelerators, and the timing jitter between optical pulses are suppressed down to 50fs that is used for providing X-ray trigger timing to users, both of which satisfy the requirement of the XFEL.

11:00          End of the Session

BD2 – Numerical Techniques for Multi-Physics Electromagnetics

Session Chairs: Peter Russer, Andreas Cangellaris

Session     BD2

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Thursday, August 18, 08:00-12:00

Room        Anadolu Auditorium

08:00         BD2.1  MULTIPHYSICS MODELING OF PLASMONIC NANODEVICES

E. Li, Institute of High Performance Computing, Singapore, Singapore

Plasmonic devices are modeled and simulated by incorporating a Lorentz-Drude model for the metallic materials and a multi-level multi-electron quantum model for the semiconductor materials into Maxwells equations. Some novel plasmonic devices such as a detector consisting of a dipole nanoantenna and a metal-semiconductor-metal detector, and a ring resonator based on a hybrid dielectric loaded waveguide are investigated with developed multiphysics modeling method. Simulation results show that the devices are very promising and can be combined with nanoelectronic integrated circuits to further improve their performance.

08:20         BD2.2  A SPECTRAL INTEGRAL METHOD FOR THE ANALYSIS OF NANO WIRES

E. Simsek, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey;  J. Liu, Schlumberger Doll Research, Cambridge, MA, USA;  Q. H. Liu, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA  

This work presents a spectrally accurate method for electromagnetic scattering from objects with complex permittivity embedded in a layered medium. Two-dimensional (2D) layered medium Green's functions are computed adaptively by using Gaussian quadratures. The singular terms in the Green's functions and the non-smooth terms in their derivatives are handled appropriately to achieve exponential convergence. Numerical results, compared with the ones obtained by using other methods, demonstrate the spectral accuracy and high efficiency of the proposed method.

08:40         BD2.3  ANALYSIS OF THE ELECTROMAGNETIC/COHERENT TRANSPORT PROBLEM IN GRAPHENE NANORIBBONS

L. Pierantoni, D. Mencarelli, T. Rozzi, Università Politecnica delle Marche - Ancona -Italy, Ancona, Italy;  F. Coccetti, LAAS-CNRS, Toulouse, France  

The combined quantum and electromagnetic analysis of graphene nanoribbons (GNR), often required for describing applications to practical devices, constitutes a difficult task. Our goal is to develop a multiphysics investigation of the electromagnetic field dynamics together with the quantum coherent transport in nanoscale environment. In this contribution, we show the dynamics of a charge wavepacket from source to drain electrodes in a graphene nanoribbon transistor configuration

09:00         BD2.4  RADIATION EFFICIENCY ASSESSMENT OF BUNDLED CARBON NANOTUBE

K. Sarabandi, S. Choi, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States

The radiation efficiency of bundled carbon nanotubes for the fabrication of antennas in the terahertz frequency range is evaluated. The behavior of BCNTs is modeled by an anisotropic thin resistive sheet with parameters extracted from the single wall carbon nanotube equivalent circuit. Conventional half-wave strip antennas are designed to resonate from 1 THz to 50 THz and the MoM is utilized to calculate radiation efficiencies of the BCNT and thin gold film antennas. The result shows that if equivalent density values above 10000 [CNTs/m] could ever be achieved, BCNTs can outperform thin gold film above 1 THz.

09:20          Tea/Coffee Break

09:40         BD2.5  A MULTIPHYSICS COMPUTATIONAL TECHNIQUE FOR THZ-FREQUENCY CHARACTERIZATION OF SEMICONDUCTORS AND METALS

K. Willis, I. Knezevic, S. C. Hagness, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States

We present a multiphysics computational technique for calculating the THz-frequency conductivity in semiconductors and metals. This novel technique combines the ensemble Monte Carlo (EMC) simulation of carrier transport with the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) solver of Maxwells curl equations and the molecular dynamics (MD) technique for describing short-range Coulomb interactions between particles with finite radii and the exchange interaction between indistinguishable electrons. The calculated complex conductivity of doped bulk silicon shows excellent agreement with experimental data. This work represents the first comprehensive computational technique for THz-regime characterization of materials with relatively high carrier densities.

10:00         BD2.6  VACUUM ELECTRON TUBES FOR THZ APPLICATIONS

C. Paoloni, M. Mineo, A. Di Carlo, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy

Vacuum electron devices for THz regime, represent a new challenge in vacuum electronics. Structures with dimensions in the range of microns are required to optimize the energy transfer from an electron beam to the RF field. The availability of codes to accurately analyze slow-wave structures at THz frequencies is fundamental for a reliable and fast design. A procedure to design a THz backward-wave oscillator based on an analytical code to compute the cold parameters in backward-wave mode and 3-D electromagnetic codes for device performance is presented. Output power of 190 mW is demonstrated at 1027 GHz.

10:20         BD2.7  TRANSIENT ANALYSIS OF DISTRIBUTED ELECTROMAGNETIC SYSTEMS EXHIBITING STOCHASTIC VARIABILITY IN MATERIAL PARAMETERS

A. C. Cangellaris, A. Rong, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States

The framework of polynomial chaos is used to develop an FDTD-based model for transient electromagnetic wave interaction with stochastic media. Making use of orthogonal polynomials for the expansion of the stochastic material quantities and the unknown electromagnetic fields in the probability space of interest, a model is put forward that, in principle, allows for the direct calculation of the resulting stochastic electromagnetic response through a standard FDTD integration of a deterministic system with state variables the coefficients in the polynomial chaos expansion of the stochastic electric and magnetic field time histories at the nodes of the finite difference grid.

10:40         BD2.8  REDUCED-ORDER MODELING FOR CO-SIMULATION OF CIRCUIT AND ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERACTIONS

C. S. Saunders, M. B. Steer, North Carolina State University, Raligh, NC, United States

Accurately modeling the interaction of circuits and electronic devices within an electromagnetic environment is critical to the analysis and design of their constituent systems. Creating a rational macromodel of a distributed circuit-field element is a reliable and effective method for describing these interactions in a manner which can be incorporated into a circuit simulator. Due to limitations present in rational modeling algorithms, further processing of these models is necessary to confirm whether a model is passive, and to correct any non-passivity which is present. A class of iterative inverse algorithms is utilized to create a complete passive macromodel.

11:00         BD2.9  CIRCUIT MODELS IN QUANTUM ELECTRODYNAMICS

J. A. Russer, P. Russer, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany

Network methods are applied to establish quantum mechanical models of distributed circuits. Based on the Hamiltonian description of the Foster equivalent circuits a quantization of the equivalent circuits is performed. The quantum mechanical interaction of the modes via nonlinear elements is discussed. As an example the DC--pumped Josephson parametric amplifier is treated quantum mechanically.

11:20         BD2.10  ANALYSIS OF PERIODIC STRUCTURES WITH DISPERSIVE MATERIAL USING THE FDTD TECHNIQUE

K. ElMahgoub, A. Elsherbeni, F. Yang, The University of Mississippi, University, United States

A dispersive periodic boundary condition (DPBC) is developed for the finite-difference time-domain method to analyze periodic structures with dispersive media on the boundaries of a unit cell. The formulation is based on the auxiliary differential equation (ADE) with two-term Debye model and the constant horizontal wavenumber approach. The developed formulation is easy to implement and is efficient in both memory usage and computational time. The validity of this formulation is verified through a numerical example of an infinite dispersive slab.

11:40         BD2.11  GENERALIZED PARAMETER EXTRACTION MODEL FOR HIGH-SPEED INTERCONNECTS WITH ARBITRARY BOUNDARY CONDITIONS

R. Y. Sharma, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States;  T. Chakravarty, Tata Consulatancy Services, Kolkata, India;  K. Choi, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea  

Accurate interconnect model for planar transmission line interconnects with arbitrary boundary conditions is presented. Based on the unified approach, we develop new SPICE-compatible parameter extraction algorithm that can be used in performance driven computer-aided-design applications. A range of multilayered interconnects with arbitrary boundaries are analyzed. Different ground configurations with respect to the interconnect line are considered for verification of the model. Results are obtained for admittance, line parameters and delay giving physical insights on the effect of boundary conditions. Compared with industry standard field-solvers, our proposed model demonstrates more than 10X speedup within 2% accuracy.

12:00          End of the Session

CA – Propagation Measurement Based Performance Evaluation of Advanced MIMO Systems

Session Chairs: Reiner Thomä, Koichi Ogawa

Session     CA

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Thursday, August 18, 08:00-11:40

Room        Dolmabahçe A

08:00         CA.1  ANALYSIS OF MISMATCHED DOWNLINK BEAMFORMING OVER NON-STATIONARY CHANNELS WITH INTERFERENCE

A. Ispas1, C. Schneider2, G. Dartmann1, X. Gong1, G. Ascheid1, R. Thomae2;  1Institute for Integrated Signal Processing Systems, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; 2Institute of Information Technology, Ilmenau University of Technology, Ilmenau, Germany

Inter-cell interference is the limiting factor in next generation cellular networks. A promising approach to mitigate interference is the use of downlink transmit beamforming. We study the performance of inter-cell interference-limited networks based on channel measurements at 2.53 GHz in an urban macrocell scenario. A non-cooperative and two cooperative beamforming techniques are used and their robustness to the non-stationarity of the channel is evaluated. The cooperative techniques are far less robust to the non-stationarity of the channel. Furthermore, an approximation of the MI is evaluated; it is more accurate for the cooperative techniques.

08:20         CA.2  COMPARISON OF TIME- AND ANGULAR DISPERSION BETWEEN CHANNEL SOUNDING MEASUREMENTS AND RAY TRACING IN COMP-MIMO CHANNELS

C. Jandura, J. Voigt, Actix GmbH, Dresden, Germany

A verification of angular domain characteristics of MIMO radio channel models requires dedicated high-resolution measurements to estimate according channel parameters and is rarely done. This contribution presents such an analysis in the 2.53 GHz range. Our analysis of simulated and measured angular domain channel characteristics in a real MIMO cellular network proves an acceptable fit under LOS propagation conditions, but shows some unreliability of deterministic ray tracing simulation data under NLOS conditions. This result suggests to use more reliable capacity- or eigenvalue ratios for spatial multiplexing probability analysis instead of angular spreads in MIMO network planning and optimization.

08:40         CA.3  A CRITICAL REVIEW OF MIMO OTA TEST CONCEPTS - LESSONS LEARNED FROM ACTUAL MEASUREMENTS

W. L. Schroeder, Y. Feng, Hochschule RheinMain, Ruesselsheim, Germany

MIMO OTA performance testing of UE has become an important issue in connection with the roll-out of LTE. Its purpose is to assure that UE will provide satisfactory user experience and will not compromise network efficiency. A brief summary of current status around the topic is presented in this contribution. Based on the ongoing round robin measurement campaign, essential problems that have been observed during the measurement are reviewed and discussed. Accordingly, suggestions are made to help the further development of measurement methods.

09:00         CA.4  NEW LABORATORY FOR OVER-THE-AIR TESTING AND WAVE FIELD SYNTHESIS

W. Kotterman1, M. Landmann2, A. Heuberger1, R. Thomae1;  1Technische Universitaet Ilmenau, Ilmenau, Germany; 2Fraunhofer IIS, Ilmenau, Germany

In Ilmenau, Germany, a new laboratory is under construction for testing mobile communication equipment, both satellite and terrestrial. This contribution focuses on Over_The_Air testing of terrestrial mobile terminals and on applications of Wave Field Synthesis in this laboratory. The terrestrial research in the lab will mainly serve scientific purposes, as research into OTA test methodologies, also meant to actively engage in standardisation of OTA practices. Research into Wave Field Synthesis is another. A clear application is to study real-time antenna characteristics of mobile terminals in an OTA setting. With the projected equipment, a state_of_the_art OTA installation will become available.

09:20          Tea/Coffee Break

09:40         CA.5  OVER-THE-AIR TEST STRATEGY AND TESTBED FOR COGNITIVE RADIO NODES

A. Krah, M. Grimm, N. Murtaza, W. Kotterman, M. Landmann, A. Heuberger, R. Thomae, M. Hein, TU Ilmenau, Ilmenau, Germany

In this paper, an over-the-air test strategy for evaluating cognitive radio nodes is presented. This technique allows to emulate the activities of primary and secondary users with respect to received power spectral densities, and the spatial structures of their radio channels. This enables an experimental evaluation of cognitive devices with directional and spectral sensitivity. This type of testing is more realistic than conducted tests, as it includes all antenna effects involved in the perception of the radio environment. A multi-level test procedure is proposed, which implements different levels of complexity. A proof-of-principle experiment is presented.

10:00         CA.6  PREDICTION OF IEEE802.16 PERFORMANCE FOR EMERGENCY VEHICLES TO INDOOR FROM RADIO CHANNEL MEASUREMENTS IN THE 4.9 GHZ BAND

S. Salous1, R. Bultitude2, K. Mehra1, O. Oghre1, Y. de Yong2, G. Pugh2;  1University of Durham, Durham, United Kingdom; 2CRC, Ottawa, Canada

Work reported herein contributes to the prediction of achievable performance of the IEEE 802.16 standard using time series of 50 Mchps PN channel sounder measurements at 4.9 GHz on radio channels in a scenario in which emergency vehicles are parked outside a building and operate as a centre for communications with rescue crews and equipment inside the building.

10:20         CA.7  MODELING OF THE INFLUENCE OF BODY-WORN ANTENNAS UPON THE PATH LOSS VARIABILITY IN UWB WBAN SCENARIOS

C. Roblin, A. Sibille, TELECOM ParisTech, PARIS, France

A statistical analysis of WBAN scenarios with a parametric approach with respect to various UWB frequency sub-bands, antennas and distance from the body is presented. Parametric models extracted for various bands, are provided. The main objective of a parametric approach is to reduce the variances of the resulting statistical models. It is fully in line with the spirit of the scenario-based approach which is also, wide sense, a sort of parametric modelling. It can also facilitate the interpretation of the results and sometimes help to better understand the underlying physics of the phenomena.

10:40         CA.8  INDOOR TO OUTDOOR PROPAGATION MODEL IMPROVEMENT FOR GSM900/GSM1800/CDMA-2100

S. Celik1,2, Y. E. Yoruk1,2, M. Bitirgan1,2, O. Kurnaz1, I. B. Basyigit1,1, S. Helhel1,1, S. Ozen1,1;  1Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey; 2Turkcell Iletisim Hizmetleri A.S, Antalya, Turkey

This paper presents a modified indoor to outdoor propagation model based on empirical techniques. The proposed model improves the accuracy of the COST 231 model [8] and valid for GSM 900, GSM 1800 and CDMA 2100. While generated model deviates from measurements by at most 8dB, theory and measurements are in good track. Generated model includes building structures as well as frequency dependence.

11:00         CA.9  ANALYSIS OF UWB RFID TAG BACKSCATTERING IN THE PRESENCE OF SCATTERERS

F. Guidi1, M. Sacko2, A. Sibille3, C. Roblin2;  1University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; 2ENSTA-ParisTech, Paris, France; 3Telecom-ParisTech, Paris, France

The modulation of the tag backscattering is a possible solution to assess a communication in ultra wide band (semi-)passive Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), which represents now the most promising solution in terms of cost, size and power consumption. In this paper we try to characterize the tag backscattered response in a scenario where scatterers are included, using the superposition principle. Results obtained both from measurements and simulations are analyzed and compared to the ones obtained using the superposition principle.

11:20         CA.10  PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF 60 GHZ WLAN ANTENNAS UNDER REALISTIC PROPAGATION CONDITIONS WITH HUMAN SHADOWING

M. Jacob1, A. J. M. de Graauw2, M. Spella2, P. Herrero1, S. Priebe1, J. Schoebel1, T. Kuerner1;  1TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany; 2NXP Semiconductors, Eindhoven, The Netherlands

In this paper a different approach for the evaluation of antennas is presented. We combine deterministic channel modeling including antenna characteristics with link budget calculations for modulation and coding schemes of the IEEE802.15.3c standard. As a figure of merit, being more suitable than just the range of a system, we evaluate the coverage of a whole room in terms of achievable BERs. The advantage of our approach over other studies is that we also take into account human blockage, which is an important issue at such high frequencies

11:40          End of the Session

D07 – Micro and Nano Photonics

Session Chair: Mike Watts

Session     D07

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Thursday, August 18, 08:00-12:00

Room        Dolmabahçe B

08:00         D07.1  NANOPHOTONICS FOR SUSTAINABLE ENERGY

J. Liu, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA

Sustainable energy has become a critical challenge for modern society. Energy efficiency and renewable energy are twin pillars of sustainability. In this paper we present applications of nanophotonics in both aspects: (1) Electronic-photonic synergy for Green Information Technology by combining the merits of photons in ultralow energy data transmission with those of electrons in high capacity data processing on a single silicon microchip; (2) Self-assembled nanophotonic structures for light-trapping in thin-film solar cells to improve performance/cost ratio of photovoltaics. Efficiently manipulating radiated electromagnetic energy, nanophotonics will "light up" the future of energy sustainability.

08:20         D07.2  SILICON NANOPHOTONICS AND SILICON-ORGANIC HYBRID (SOH) INTEGRATION

C. Koos1, L. Alloatti1, D. Korn1, R. Palmer1, R. Bonk1, T. Vallaitis1, D. Hillerkuss1, J. Li1, P. Dumon2, W. Bogaerts2, R. Baets2, M. Scimeca3, I. Biaggio3, A. Barklund4, R. Dinu4, J. Wieland4, M. Fournier5, J.-M. Fedeli5, W. Freude1, J. Leuthold1;  1Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany; 2Ghent University, Gent, Belgium; 3Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA; 4GigOptix Inc., Bothell, WA, USA; 5CEA, LETI, Grenoble, France

Silicon nanophotonics is considered a key enabler of future photonic-electronic information processing systems. Driven by substantial research investments, photonic integration on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrates has reached a degree of maturity that already permits industrial adoption. Silicon-organic hybrid integration (SOH) is a viable extension of the SOI material system for efficient electro-optic modulation and ultrafast all-optical signal processing.

08:40         D07.3  ELECTRONIC-PHOTONIC INTEGRATED CIRCUITS IN SILICON-ON-INSULATOR PLATFORMS

M. S. Dahlem1,2, M. A. Popović1,3, C. W. Holzwarth1,4, A. Khilo1, T. Barwicz1,5, H. I. Smith1, F. X. Krtner1,6, E. P. Ippen1;  1Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; 2Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE; 3University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; 4University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand; 5IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA; 6Hamburg University, Hamburg, Germany

Electronic-photonic integrated circuits (EPICs) are a promising technology for overcoming bottlenecks of traditional integrated circuits. Silicon is a good candidate for building such devices, due to high-index contrast and low propagation loss at telecom wavelengths. This work presents recent advances in demonstrating discrete components on silicon-on-insulator platforms, around 1550 nm, that can be used as building blocks for future EPIC systems. The work covers microring-based structures suitable for wavelength-division multiplexing applications, such as hitless single-ring filters, multi-channel tunable filterbanks, reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers, and dynamical slow light cells for delay lines.

09:00         D07.4  ULTRA-DENSE MONOLITHIC INTEGRATION OF OPTICAL AND ELECTRICAL FUNCTIONS ON SILICON FOR OPTICAL INTERCONNECTS

S. Assefa1, W. M. J. Green1, A. Rylyakov1, C. Schow1, F. Horst2, V. A. Vlasov1;  1IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, United States; 2IBM Zurich GMBH, Rueshlikon, Switzerland

CMOS Integrated Nanophotonics which allows dense monolithic integration of optical and electrical functions on the same chip can enable future Exaflops supercomputers by connecting racks, modules, and chips together with ultra-low power massively parallel optical interconnects.

09:20          Tea/Coffee Break

09:40         D07.5  SILICON MICROSPHERES FOR OPTOELECTRONICS

H. Yilmaz1, M. S. Murib1,2, A. Serpenguzel1, K. Taira3, J. Nakata3;  1Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey; 2Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium; 3Kyosemi Corporation, Kyoto, Japan

Optoelectronic properties of silicon microspheres are explored. The IV characteristics show an electrical response similar to two back-to-back Schottky diodes. Optical resonances with Q-factors of 100000 are observable in the elastic scattering spectra.

10:00         D07.6  THERMAL INFRARED PLASMONICS

P. S. Davids, R. D. Kekatpure, D. W. Peters, E. A. Shaner, Sandia National Lab, Albuquerque, NM, United States

We examine a new class of infrared (IR) plasmonic devices that convert thermal radiation into bound surface plasmon polaritons (SPP's). The coupling of these SPP's into nanometer scale metal insulator metal (MIM) channels is investigated both theoretically and experimentally. A new mechanism for detection of the IR radiation is examined that is based on direct rectification of a traveling MIM surface plasmon mode.

10:20         D07.7  INTERFACE ENGINEERING FOR IMPROVED LIGHT TRANSMITTANCE THROUGH PHOTONIC CRYSTAL FLAT LENSES

G. Scherrer1, M. Hofman2, W. Śmigaj3, B. Gralak3, X. Mlique2, D. Lippens2, C. Dumas1, B. Cluzel1, F. A. de Fornel1;  1CNRS Universite de Bourgogne, Dijon, France; 2IEMN, lille, France; 3Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France

we present photonic crystal flat lenses with interfaces engineered to improve the light transmittance thanks to a broad angles impedance matching. The interface engineering consists in the realization of antireflection gratings on the edges of the lenses which are designed to reduce the propagative waves reflectivity over a wide range of incident angles. The fabricated structures were measured in optical near-field and a four times enhancement of the light transmission efficiency is reported.

10:40         D07.8  OPTICAL INTERFERENCE FOR MULTIPLEXED, LABEL-FREE, AND DYNAMIC BIOSENSING: PROTEIN, DNA AND SINGLE VIRUS DETECTION

S. M. Unlu, Boston University, Boston, United States

We developed a new method - Interferometric Reflectance Imaging Sensor (IRIS) - for label-free, high throughput, high sensitivity and dynamic detection of molecular binding on a solid surface. IRIS has demonstrated protein-protein binding and DNA-protein binding in real time, label-free, and in a high-throughput format with high-sensitivity. We have recently advanced IRIS for high spatial resolution imaging and demonstrated ability to detect single nanoscale particles. We have successfully detected 35 nm and 50 nm radius particles and H1N1 viruses with accurate size discrimination and demonstrated shape recognition by measuring the aspect ratio of gold nanoparticles.

11:00         D07.9  MEMS FOURIER TRANSFORM SPECTROMETER

H. R. Seren1,2, N. P. Ayerden1, S. Holmstrom1, H. Urey1;  1Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey; 2Boston University, Boston, USA

A comb actuated lamellar grating interferometer based MEMS Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectrometer device is designed, fabricated and characterized. The device operates at out-of-plane resonant mode which will allow ultra miniaturized, sensitive, robust, and fast spectrometers. Optical simulations are conducted to analyze performance in terms of spectral resolution and signal-to-bias ratio (SBR). In the light of simulations and experiments, the grating geometry is optimized for the region of wavelengths of interest (2.5-16 m). Maximum peak to peak mechanical deflection of 478 m is acquired with 50 V p-p input voltage in ambient pressure.

11:20         D07.10  HIGH-THROUGHPUT SIZE DETERMINATION OF NEARLY SPHERICAL GOLD NANOPARTICLES

A. Yurt, G. G. Daaboul, B. B. Goldberg, S. Unlu, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States

This paper demonstrates a wide-field interferometric imaging technique for determining the size of nearly spherical gold particles. Investigation of interferometric response as a function of polarization angle of illumination reveals the morphology and lateral orientation angle of the nanoparticles immobilized on a precisely designed reflective layered substrate. We demonstrate the sensitivity, precision and multiplexing capability of the method by studying a solution of gold nanoparticles with 45nm in diameter.

11:40         D07.11  HIGH-THROUGHPUT WHOLE-ORGANISM IMAGING AND OPTICAL MANIPULATION AT CELLULAR RESOLUTION

C. Rohde, C. Gilleland, C. Pardo-Martin, T.-Y. Chang, C. Samara, M. F. Yanik, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States

We demonstrate high-throughput technologies for cellular-resolution in vivo pharmaceutical and genetic screens on vertebrates and invertebrates. These technologies automatically load animals from plates, and position and orient them for high-speed multifocal confocal imaging and ultrafast laser manipulation of both superficial and deep organs within 20sec without damage. Using femtosecond laser microsurgery and our high-throughput technologies, we injured single neurons in thousands of animals, treated the animals with chemical libraries, and identified chemicals that enhance regeneration significantly. Our technology permit large-scale in vivo drug screens on organ development, neural degeneration/regeneration, stem cell proliferation, cardiovascular, immune, and endocrine systems, pathogenesis, and cancer.

12:00          End of the Session

E07 – EMC in Wire and Wireless Communication Systems

Session Chairs: Ahmed Zeddam, Farhad Rachidi

Session     E07

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Thursday, August 18, 08:00-11:20

Room        Galata

08:00         E07.1  TOWARDS POWER LINE COMMUNICATION IN VEHICLE

F. Nouvel, P. Tanguy, IETR, RENNES, France

This paper is a review of Power Line Communication (PLC) in vehicle studies. The ECUs require buses to exchange information between sensors and actuators. Considering them, we observe that each solution uses its specific wires and communication system. An attractive solution to reduce wires is the power line communication using the power lines to transmit both the power and messages without functional barriers domain. The channel characterizations of the PLC lines, the impact of the noise, and the data rate are presented. We have a focus on CP length optimization and choice of bandwidth. Numerical results show the significant improvements.

08:20         E07.2  POWER LINE COMMUNICATION BETWEEN AN INVERTER AND A MOTOR: NOISE CHARACTERIZATION IN THE TIME DOMAIN AND IN THE FREQUENCY DOMAIN

V. Degardin, K. Kilani, P. Laly, M. Lienard, P. Degauque, University of Lille, Villeneuve D Ascq, France

Power Line Communication using the three phase cable may be used to transmit information from the sensors distributed on a motor to the electronic command of the converter feeding this motor. However, impulsive noise generated by the converter is of large amplitude and covers a wide frequency band. Three different configurations of Inverter/Motor with different power supplies and switching frequencies are studied. The main objective of this paper is to characterize and analyze the impulsive noise both in the time and frequency domain. Lastly, the impact of such pulses on a high bit rate communication is outlined.

08:40         E07.3  STUDY OF THE COEXISTENCE OF VDSL2 AND PLC BY ANALYSING THE COUPLING BETWEEN POWER LINE AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS CABLE IN THE HOME NETWORK

B. Praho1, R. Razafferson1, M. Tlich2, A. Zeddam1, F. Nouvel3;  1France Telecom R&D, Lannion, France; 2INNOVAS, Lannion, France; 3IETR, Rennes, France

PLC (Power Line Communications) and VDSL2 (Very high bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line) allow high bit-rate transmissions, through power line and copper pair respectively. Nevertheless the both technologies share the same frequency band up to 30 MHz. In the customer premises, power line cables are nearby telephone cables and consequently unwanted couplings could occur.This paper describes a theoretical analysis of the electromagnetic coupling between PLC and VDSL2 links. The effects of different parameters such as copper pair characteristics distance between the power line and the copper pair are presented.

09:00         E07.4  VULNERABILITY OF ZIGBEE TO IMPULSIVE NOISE IN ELECTRICITY SUBSTATIONS

S. A. Bhatti1, Q. Shan2, R. Atkinson1, M. Vieira3,1, I. A. Glover1;  1University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; 2University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom; 3Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Paraiba, Brazil

The vulnerability of Zigbee technology to noise in an electricity substation environment is assessed. Substation noise obtained from a measurement campaign is modelled as a Symmetric Alpha-Stable process. The parameters of the model are estimated from the measurements and the resulting model is used to investigate the likely BER performance of Zigbee technology deployed in a substation.

09:20          Tea/Coffee Break

09:40         E07.5  MITIGATION TECHNIQUES FOR ENHANCING MOBILE RADIO EMC PERFORMANCES

J. Gavan, S. Tapuchi, SCE, Ashdod, Israel

The number of mobile Radio equipments has increased tremendously which enhance harmful mutual interference and people exposed to non ionized radiation. The levels of Electromagnetic field effects from base stations affecting people are significantly lower than from headsets due to the separation distances and far field propagation conditions.Are presented main mitigation techniques for enhancing base station performances and a thorough analysis of near field mobile headsets EMF effects. Main headsets mitigation techniques are discussed: Using an auxiliary antenna, distancing the headset radiating parts from their users, space polarization diversity and meta-material antennas. Simulation and computation results are added.

10:00         E07.6  A LOW-NOISE TIME-DOMAIN EMI MEASUREMENT SYSTEM FOR MEASUREMENTS UP TO 26 GHZ

C. Hoffmann, A. Boege, P. Russer, TU Muenchen, Munich, Germany

A low-noise time-domain EMI measurement system for the frequency range from 9kHz-26GHz is presented. It combines ultra-fast analog-to-digital-conversion and real-time digital signal processing on a FPGA with broadband down-conversion. System noise figure is decreased to 6-9.5 dB, yielding an ultra-low noise floor of typically below -120dBm. The high system sensitivity allows for the characterization of broadband, low-level signals near the noise floor (UWB). System IF dynamic range exceeds CISPR 16-1-1 by over 20 dB. A scan from 9kHz to 26GHz is completed in under 200s.

10:20         E07.7  SPECTRUM ANALYZER MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUE FOR SAFETY EVALUATION ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

M. E. Sahin, Y. Karan, N. As, Rize University, Rize, Turkey

In this paper, general information about, unionized radiation, wireless communication systems and electromagnetic fields are given. The safety of mobile phones has been evaluated in terms of specific absorption ratio (SAR). This SAR values have been defined discussing among international standard organizations. Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) measurements are made with a compact spectrum analyzer device, measure 400 MHz- 6 GHz bandwidth, and a triaxial antenna. Electromagnetic fields and power flux density values are measured and compared with the SAR values and ICNIRP standard curve. These values are observed for different times a day

10:40         E07.8  ELECTROMAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF CO-ZR SUBSTITUTED BA-SR FERRITE-PARAFFIN WAX COMPOSITE FOR EMC/EMI APPLICATIONS

C. Singh, Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar, Amritsar Punjab, India

This manuscript investigates electromagnetic properties of Co-Zr substituted Ba-Sr ferrite-paraffin wax composite. Ferrites which, in general, are magnetic materials exhibit dielectric character with enhanced dielectric properties in comparison to magnetic properties. These improved dielectric properties in present composites open up the possibility for use in EMC/EMI applications, whereas various researchers have reported for modifying magnetic properties for same applications. The high temperature causes formation of Fe2+ ions which further increases electron hopping between Fe2+ ions and Fe3+ ions leading to increase in dielectric properties. The relationship is established between microstructure and dynamic properties.

11:00         E07.9  EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF PROXIMITY EFFECT IN THE CALCULATION OF THE INTERNAL IMPEDANCE OF CYLINDRICAL CONDUCTORS

A. Pagnetti, A. Xemard, EDF R&D, Clamart, France;  F. Paladian, Clermont University, Blaise Pascal University, Clermont-Ferrand, France;  C. A. Nucci, Facolt di Ingegneria - Universit degli Studi di Bologna, Bologna, Italy  

In this paper we discuss how the inclusion of proximity effect influences the evaluation of the internal impedances of cylindrical conductors. After recalling the classical analytical formulation used for calculating internal impedance, we use a Finite Element Method (FEM) code, in order to take into account the proximity effect. We show that in a low voltage cable, at frequency higher than the industrial ones, and particularly above the kilohertz range, the impact of proximity effect is rather relevant and cannot be neglected when dealing with EMC issues related to cable networks.

11:20          End of the Session

F07– Scintillations, Fading, Ducting, and Remote Sensing and Propagation for Non-Precipitating Atmosphere

Session Chairs: Antonio Martellucci, Ondrej Fišer

Session     F07

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Thursday, August 18, 08:00-12:00

Room        Haliç

08:00         F07.1  CLASSIFICATION METHOD FOR REFLECTION AND DUCT PROPAGATION OF FM RADIO WAVES OBSERVED AT HIROSHIMA AND ASO IN JAPAN

K. Shin, M. Nishi, T. Yoshida, Hiroshima City University, Hiroshima, Japan

Electromagnetic waves in the FM broadcasting frequency band have been observing at our eleven observatories in Japan. We have been frequently observed anomalous FM radio waves due to reflection by the ionospheric sporadic-E layer, and due to the tropospheric duct propagation. For large amounts of data observed in years, it is important to classify them automatically. Thus, we propose a method to classify above two FM radio waves based on their propagation characteristics. We evaluated the method using data observed at Hiroshima and Aso from 2005 to 2010. As a result, we confirmed that the classification method worked correctly.

08:20         F07.2  MULTIPLE SIGNAL CLASSIFICATION ALGORITHM FOR NON-DESTRUCTIVE IMAGING OF REINFORCEMENT BARS AND EMPTY DUCTS IN CIRCULAR CONCRETE COLUMNS

K. Agarwal, X. Chen, L. Pan, S. P. Yeo, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

Multiple signal classification has been applied to inverse scattering problems. Here, we present a practical application of multiple signal classification related to civil engineering. The problem is to detect reinforcement bars and empty ducts in circular columns. With appropriate experimental design, multiple signal classification can be applied directly to detect reinforcement bars. However, it is extremely difficult to detect the empty ducts because of their small scattering strengths. We propose a simple two-stage MUSIC scheme capable of detecting empty ducts as well. The MUSIC shows good imaging results even in very high noise levels, upto 31%.

08:40         F07.3  TRADE-OFF BETWEEN VERTICAL RESOLUTION AND ACCURACY IN WATER VAPOR RETRIEVALS FROM GROUND-BASED MICROWAVE BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS

S. Sahoo, S. C. Reising, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America;  J. Vivekanandan, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, United States of America  

Observations of vertical gradients of water vapor and temperature with high vertical resolution and accuracy are key to improving weather prediction. However, state-of-the-art retrievals from radiometric measurements are known to have coarse vertical resolution. Therefore, an elevation-angle scanning strategy based on Backus-Gilbert theory was devised to increase the vertical resolution. Simulations show that increased resolution can be achieved with the trade-off of increased errors in water vapor retrieval. This trade-off can be adjusted based on the needs of thermodynamic profiles to improve weather prediction.

09:00         F07.4  MODIS AND CAIPEEX DATA ANALYSES TO STUDY THE MICROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CLOUDS DURING CONTRASTING MONSOON DAYS AND EVALUATION OF THE CLOUD SYSTEM RESOLVING SIMULATION BY WRF

K. Chakravarty, S. Taraphder, P. Mukhopadhyay, Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune, India

Clouds play a dominant role in the radiative balance of the atmosphere. The representation of clouds in general circulation models can be improved by better understanding of cloud processes through a good time series data at cloud scale. This is addressed in the "Cloud Aerosol Interaction and Precipitation Enhancement Experiment ", over the Indian region during 2009. The objective of this paper is to bring out the microphysics of clouds during two contrasting days of Indian Monsoon and to study the extent a mesoscale model simulation at cloud permitting resolution (9-3 km), could capture the observed cloud types and properties.

09:20          Tea/Coffee Break

09:40         F07.5  CLOUDSAT OBSERVATIONS OF MULTI LAYERED CLOUDS ACROSS THE GLOBE

S. V. Kandula, K. K. Karanam, Space Physics Laboratory (SPL), Trivandrum, India

Detection of multilayered clouds using satellite observations is important for climate-related applications. The present results provide the quantitative information about the percentage of occurrence of one to five-layered clouds across the globe using CloudSat observations. Multilayered clouds occur most frequently in Tropics. Double- and triple-layered clouds account for about one-third and one-ninth of the total frequency-of-occurrence respectively. The probability of occurrence of five-layered cloud is high during the period JJA over Asian monsoon region. The present results also quantified the thickness of each cloud layer across globe by identifying cloud vertical dimensions.

10:00         F07.6  DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNALLY-CALIBRATED, MMIC-BASED MILLIMETER-WAVE RADIOMETERS TO ENABLE CORRECTION OF WET-TROPOSPHERIC DELAY FOR COASTAL ZONE ALTIMETRY

S. C. Reising, A. L. Lee, D. P. Albers, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States;  P. Kangaslahti, S. T. Brown, D. E. Dawson, T. C. Gaier, O. Montes, D. J. Hoppe, B. Khayatian, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, United States  

Critical microwave component and receiver technologies are under development to reduce the risk, cost, volume, mass, power and development time for a high-frequency microwave radiometer to enable wet-tropospheric correction in the coastal zone and over land as part of the NRC Decadal Survey-recommended Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) Mission. This work is to enable the addition of 90-170 GHz high frequency channels to the traditional 18-37 GHz microwave radiometers on future ocean altimetry missions. These new components will be integrated into a MMIC-based low-mass, low-power, small-volume demonstration prototype radiometer.

10:20         F07.7  THE DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF MST RADAR AT WUHAN, CHINA

Z. Zhao1, G. Chen1, C. Li2, Q. Yao2, G. Yang1, C. Zhou1, Y. Hu1, Y. Zhang1;  1Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; 2Nanjing Nriet Co., Ltd, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

The basic configuration of the Wuhan MST (Mesosphere-Stratosphere-Troposphere) radar, which is currently designed and constructed by School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, is preliminarily described in this paper. The Wuhan MST radar operates at VHF band preoccupied with the real-time characteristics of turbulence and wind field vector in the height range 1-100km with a high temporal and spatial resolution. This all solid state, all coherent pulse Doppler radar is the Chinas first independently development of MST radar focusing at atmospheric observation.

10:40         F07.8  DISTRIBUTION OF UPPER TROPICAL CIRRUS IN RELATION TO TROPICAL EASTERLY JET

S. K. Das, J. B. Nee, C. W. Chiang, National Central University, ChungLi, Taiwan

The role of redistribution of the tropical upper tropospheric humidity (UTH) in the formation of tropical cirrus (TC) is studied using three years (2006-2008) of data from the CALIOP, MLS and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis. Results show that the redistribution of UTH from a highly convective zone to the Indian peninsular region leads to the formation of the TC. Advection of upper layer humidity is caused by the tropical easterly jet (TEJ) associated with the Asian Summer Monsoon. Thus for the first time, the role of TEJ in redistribution of UTH and consequently in the formation of TC is investigated.

11:00         F07.9  ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL PROPERTIES MEASURED AT VARANASI LOCATED IN INDO-GANGETIC BASIN

S. Tiwari, S. Kumar, A. K. Singh, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India

Aerosols particles are dominant particles in study of climate change. Its characteristic, composition, distribution and boundary layer dynamics are poorly known. Aerosols optical depth (AOD) is an important parameter for study of aerosols. At Varanasi, a station located in the heart of Indo-Gangetic basin (IGB), we are using Micro Pulsed LIDAR, MicroTOPS sunphotometer and Portable laser Aerosol spectrometer for measuring aerosol physical parameters during winter of 2010-2011. The results of the variability of aerosol physical properties over the IGB and concentration of dust particles in different locations at Varanasi are presented and discussed.

11:20         F07.10  CASE STUDIES OF DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ATMOSPHERIC PLANETARY WAVES DURING STRATOSPHERIC WARMINGS IN WINTER 2008

M. V. Tolstikov, A. V. Medvedev, K. G. Ratovsky, Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics (ISTP), Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russian Federation

This paper offers a method for investigating characteristics of propagation of wave-like temperature disturbances were observed at the height range of 20-100 km during development of the sudden winter stratospheric warmings in January - February 2008. Satellite data on vertical temperature distribution obtained by the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) aboard the spacecraft EOS Aura were used. In an approaching of two wave model the propagation directions of disturbances were calculated. Vorticity-like behavior of horizontal wave numbers structure was shown. Periods of disturbances vary from 11 to 27 days. Vertical wave numbers range is 35-80 km.

11:40         F07.11  A MARKOV CHAIN APPROACH IN THE PREDICTION OF SEVERE PRE-MONSOON THUNDERSTORMS THROUGH ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK WITH DAILY TOTAL OZONE AS PREDICTOR

G. Chattopadhyay, S. S. De, Institute of Radiophysics and Electronics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

Purpose of the present paper is to examine the predictability of the occurrence of the severe pre-monsoon thunderstorm over Gangetic West Bengal, India. Instead of considering various meteorological predictors, daily total ozone concentration is chosen as the predictor because of the influence of tropospheric as well as stratospheric ozone on the genesis of meteorological phenomena. Considering the occurrence/non-occurrence of thunderstorm in the pre-monsoon season as the dichotomous time series that realizes 0 and 1 for non-occurrence and occurrence of thunderstorm respectively, a first order two state (FOTS) Markov dependence is revealed within this time series.

12:00          End of the Session

G07 – Ionospheric Research for Radio Systems Support

Session Chairs: Hal Strangeways, Iwona Stanislawska

Session     G07

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Thursday, August 18, 08:00-12:00

Room        Topkapi A

08:00         G07.1  INVESTIGATIONS INTO SMALL-SCALE DISTURBANCES IN THE IONOSPHERE USING SPICE

T. J. Harris, M. A. Cervera, Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Edinburgh, SA, Australia

Ionospheric disturbances observed by bottom-side soundings appear at many temporal and spatial scales. SpICE, for Spatial Ionospheric Correlation Experiment, is an experimental program to investigate the smaller spatial scale disturbances which are often uncorrelated at ranges beyond 500km or timescales exceeding 15 minutes. SpICE uses the latest digital receiver technology and continuous wave transmissions received at near-vertical incidence. High time and frequency resolution ionograms are produced. This paper will discuss program goals and some of the disturbances observed so far. The temporal behaviour of medium and small scale disturbances will be explored and measures of disturbance features discussed.

08:20         G07.2  LOW LATITUDE SCINTILLATIONS: A COMPARISON OF MODELING AND OBSERVATIONS WITHIN THE CIGALA PROJECT

L. Alfonsi1, A. W. Wernik2, M. Materassi3, L. Spogli1, B. Bougard4, J. F. Galera5;  1Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy; 2Space Research Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; 3Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Florence, Italy; 4Septentrio Satellite Navigation, N.V., Leuven, Belgium; 5Universidade Estadual Paulista, Presidente Prudente, Brazil

Ionospheric scintillations can seriously jeopardize the reliability of the GNSS signals and consequently can cause significant error on precise positioning applications. The threat is most acute at low latitudes where ionospheric irregularities are more likely to occur resulting in L-band signal scintillations. This paper describes the effort made to model the ionospheric scintillations over the Latin American region in the frame of the CIGALA project funded by the European GNSS Supervisory Authority within the 7th Framework Programme of the European Commission. Comparisons between the low-latitude model of scintillations and observations are presented and discussed within the project perspectives.

08:40         G07.3  STUDY OF EQUATORIAL LOW-LATITUDE IONOSPHERIC IRREGULARITIES DURING A RECENT GEOMAGNETIC

S. Priyadarshi, A. K. Singh, Atmospheric Research Laboratory, BHU, Varanasi, India

In the past decade there has been growing interest in the investigation of plasma bubble (PB), associated irregularities, which often profoundly impact satellite communication and navigation systems and produce ionospheric scintillations. The basic mechanism of generation and development of equatorial spread F (ESF) is the gravitational Rayleigh-Taylor instability. The trans-ionospheric signal scintillation causes considerable communication hazards at a wide range of frequencies and hence is of much practical interest. In the present study we have investigated the effect of geomagnetic storm on the low latitude ionospheric scintillation for the 03 August 2010 storm at Varanasi India.

09:00         G07.4  PLASMA BUBBLE MONITORING BY HF TRANS-EQUATORIAL ARRIVAL ANGLE AND PROPAGATION DISTANCE MEASUREMENTS

S. Saito, Electronic Navigation Research Institute, Chofu, Tokyo, Japan;  T. Maruyama, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan;  M. Yamamoto, Research Institute of Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan  

Demand for plasma bubble monitoring for global navigation satellite system users is increasing. Large-scale ionospheric structures associated with plasma bubbles are studied by measuring trans-equatorial propagation of HF radio waves from Australia to Japan. Propagation distance of the radio waves are simultaneously measured with two digital radio receiver, one near the radio transmitting site in Australia and the other at receiver site in Japan. The study shows that off-great circle trans-equatorial propagation of HF radio wave corresponds to plasma bubble and useful for wide-area plasma bubble monitoring. Propagation distance measurement helps improving the monitoring performance.

09:20          Tea/Coffee Break

09:40         G07.5  IONOSPHERIC SCITILLATION ACTIVITY MEASURED IN THE AFRICAN SECTOR

A. Susnik, B. Forte, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia

A sample of ionospheric scintillation activity measured in the African sector (Douala, magnetic latitude 5.36 N) is analysed, using measurements provided by a dual frequency GPS Ionospheric Scintillation and TEC monitor (GSV4004). Measurements referring to quiet and disturbed conditions occurring between 4 November 2004 and 15 November 2004 were considered in this analysis. An overview of the scintillation activity in that event is presented (also in comparison with simultaneous measurements collected in the Brazilian sector). The importance of this type of analyses relies on the need to understand the potential threats to GNSS based applications.

10:00         G07.6  CHARACTERIZATION OF IONOSPHERIC SCINTILLATION AT HIGH LATITUDE IN THE EUROPEAN

S. Tiwari, R. Tiwari, H. J. Strangeways, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, United Kingdom

This work studies the characteristics of high latitude ionospheric scintillation over the European region by an extensive data set of GPS observations between 50˚ to 75˚N latitude for year 2003 in Northern Europe. The analysis shows that, during nighttime, electron precipitation near the auroral oval boundary extends equatorward causing phase scintillation. By contrast, in the polar region, scintillation activity is driven by the direct interaction of solar flares into the Earths atmosphere. The results enhance understanding of different mechanisms responsible for scintillation and will be utilised in the construction of a scintillation prediction tool for this region.

10:20         G07.7  MODELLING THE EFFECTS OF IONOSPHERIC DISTURBANCES ON VERTICALLY INCIDENT IONOGRAMS USING 3D RAYTRACING

M. A. Cervera, T. J. Harris, Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Edinburgh, SA, Australia

Ionospheric disturbances manifest over a large range of spatial and temporal scales. Currently DSTO has a good understanding of these disturbances at scales > 1000 km and temporal resolutions > 15 minutes through its network of vertical incident sounders. However, as we are interested in investigating these disturbances at much smaller scale sizes (< 150 km and temporal resolutions < 1 minute), DSTO has initiated an experimental programme viz. Spatial Ionospheric Correlation Experiment (SpICE). In this paper we use 3D magneto-ionic raytracing to model and understand the various ionospheric disturbances giving rise to the effects we observe in our data.

10:40         G07.8  TWO POSSIBLE APPROACHES FOR IONOSPHERIC FORECASTING TO BE EMPLOYED ALONG WITH THE IRI MODEL

E. T. Senalp1, I. Unal2, A. Yesil3, Y. Tulunay1, E. Tulunay1;  1Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey; 2Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey; 3Firat University, Elazig, Turkey

Ionospheric forecasting is a popular research area required by telecommunication and navigation system planners and operators. The problem is challenging because ionospheric processes are nonlinear. Data-driven techniques are of particular interest since they overcome most of these difficulties. In this work, two possible ionospheric forecasting approaches have been considered to be employed along with the IRI model. The authors reported these approaches previously. Ionospheric critical frequency values have been forecast using Fuzzy inference and Neural Networks considering the two possible approaches, METU-FNN and METU-NN. In parallel, the foF2 values have been calculated based on the IRI model.

11:00         G07.9  MAGNETIC ETA INDEX AND IONOSPHERIC DISTURBANCES IN THE E LAYER DURING SOLAR MINIMUM.

B. Dziak-Jankowska1, I. Stanisławska1, T. Ernst2, &. Tomasik1;  1Space Research Centre PAS, Warsaw, Poland; 2Institute of Geophysics PAS, Warsaw, Poland

We analysed the correlation of the changes of the magnetic vertical component with the ionospheric deviations from monthly median of the E layer characteristics. In all analysed daily cases the eta index correlates in time with the appearance within two hours of the sporadic E layer. An advantage of the eta is that eta index bring independent and meaningful information on the system of current in the ionosphere. Hence, the eta index could be an important element of the ionosphere monitoring and can be used to predict such local phenomenon like the appearance of the sporadic E layer.

11:20         G07.10  IONOSPHERIC F2 LAYER BEHAVIOR DURING PROLONGED SOLAR MINIMUM

D. Buresova1, L.-A. McKinnell2, J. Lastovicka1, J. Boska1;  1Institute of Atmospheric Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic; 2South African National Space Agency (SANSA) Space Science, Hermanus, South Africa

The prolonged solar activity minimum gives a possibility to explore ionospheric behaviour under long-lasting low solar ultraviolet irradiance conditions. This paper presents results of the analysis of the ionospheric F2 layer main parameters foF2 and hmF2 variation over middle latitudes. The paper focuses on ionospheric response to occasional minor-to-moderate geomagnetic disturbances preceded by significant enhancement in Dst index. The results show that the departure of foF2 and hmF2 from their 27-days running means during such events was comparable with the differences observed under strong ionospheric storm conditions. Observations are compared with the IRI 2007 model outputs.

11:40         G07.11  MAPPING OF IONOSPHERIC IRREGULARITY AND SCINTILLATION SPECTRAL INDICES FOR NORTHERN EUROPE

H. J. Strangeways, R. Tiwari, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, United Kingdom

In-situ satellite observations have been employed to map the global morphology of electron density irregularities which produce scintillation. In particular the exponent of the inverse spatial spectrum of the irregularities pi can be determined which will yield the slope p of the psd of the scintillation. The in situ measurement has the advantage of good temporal and spatial coverage but the disadvantage that a satellite is required. We present a method of determining p and also pi from just scintillation indices thus obviating the need for in-situ measurements or the determination of the fading frequency spectrum.

12:00          End of the Session

HG3 – Active Experiments in the Ionosphere and Magnetosphere I

Session Chairs: Bo Thidé, Todd Pedersen

Session     HG3

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Thursday, August 18, 08:00-12:00

Room        Topkapi B

08:00         HG3.1  HF-DRIVEN CURRENTS IN THE POLAR IONOSPHERE

K. Papadopoulos, N. A. Gumerov, X. Shao, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States;  I. Doxas, C. L. Chang, Technology Solutions, BAE Systems, Arlington, VA, United States  

Ionospheric heaters located in polar-regions generate waves in the LF range by modulating the auroral electrojet at D/E region altitudes. We present theoretical/computational results indicating that modulated HF heating can generate ionospheric currents in the ULF/ELF range without electrojet currents. The new concept relies in using HF heating of the F-region to modulate the electron temperature and is termed as Ionospheric Current Drive. We will examine the scaling and limitations of the concept and suggest experiments using the HAARP ionospheric heater. This implies freeing the ionospheric ULF/ELF generation from requiring electrojet availability and strength.

08:20         HG3.2  THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GEOPHYSICAL CONDITIONS AND ELF AMPLITUDE IN MODULATED HEATING EXPERIMENTS AT HAARP: MODELING AND EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

G. Jin1, M. Spasojevic1, M. B. Cohen1, U. S. Inan1,2, N. G. Lehtinen1;  1Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States; 2Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey

Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) wave generation using the ionospheric heater at the High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program facility in Gakona, Alaska depends on electrojet currents. We use diagnostics from a radar, riometer, ionosonde, and magnetometer chain to understand how natural conditions affect ELF generation. We then present results of statistical models that show ELF amplitude is proportional to magnetometer measurements for a fixed value of riometer absorption, and that the proportionality constant decreases as riometer absorption increases. Numerical simulations using several ionospheric density profiles verify that denser profiles result in smaller gains for ELF generation than for electrojet current.

08:40         HG3.3  APPLICATIONS OF BROADBAND RADIO SIGNALS FOR DIAGNOSTICS OF ELECTRON DENSITY PROFILE DYNAMICS AND SPATIAL PLASMA MOTION IN THE HF-PUMPED IONOSPHERE

A. V. Shindin1, E. N. Sergeev1,2, S. M. Grach1,2;  1Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod (NNSU), Nizhni Novgorod, Russian Federation; 2Radiophysical Research Institute (NIRFI), Nizhni Novgorod, Russian Federation

A technique for studying inhomogeneous structure and motions in the ionosphere by measurements of wideband pulse radio signal amplitude and phase characteristics is developed and tested in investigations of the HF-pumped ionospheric volume above the Sura facility. For the electron density profile reconstruction with high altitude and temporal resolution, an algorithm of inverse problem solving using phase sounding data is implemented. Horizontal velocity data are obtained by means of correlation analysis of reflected pulses received by diversity technique. Experimental results on electron density profile behavior and on 3D velocity field reconstruction during HF pumping of the ionosphere are presented.

09:00         HG3.4  THE CONTRIBUTION OF ARTIFICIAL D-REGION DISTURBANCES TO THE IONOSPHERIC VLF WAVE ENVIRONMENT

N. G. Lehtinen1, T. F. Bell1, U. S. Inan1,2;  1Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States; 2Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey

Artificial ionospheric disturbances are created by intense HF radiation from ground-based facilities and VLF radiation from Navy transmitters. We apply Stanford Full-Wave Method (SFWM) to scattering of the VLF waves propagating in the Earth-ionosphere waveguide (EIW) by such ionospheric disturbances, using Born approximation. The waves are scattered both into the EIW (in the forward direction) and into the ionosphere (both forward and upward into a whistler "column"). In the case of HF heating, the upward-scattered wave intensity may significantly exceed the waveguide leakage into the ionosphere, while for the VLF-heated ionosphere, it is relatively small.

09:20          Tea/Coffee Break

09:40         HG3.5  HF STIMULATED ELECTROMAGNETIC EMISSIONS AND RADAR OBSERVATIONS OF IONOSPHERIC HEATING FROM HAARP

S. J. Briczinski, P. A. Bernhardt, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA;  C. A. Selcher, Air Force Research Lab, Kirtland, NM, USA;  B. J. Watkins, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA  

High power radio waves excite electrostatic waves in the ionosphere. Electrostatic waves can be detected either by mode conversion into Stimulated Electromagnetic Emission (SEE) or scatter of radar signals. We present the results of SEE observations conducted through high-power HF heating experiments at the High-Frequency Active Auroral Research Program. Multiple receiving instruments have been used to observe many low frequency electrostatic modes from a high power electromagnetic pump. These modes are not well characterized. Our ionospheric heating experiments are attempts to understand the process by which an electromagnetic pump wave is converted into high and low-frequency modes.

10:00         HG3.6  OBSERVATIONS AND THEORY OF ION GYRO-HARMONIC STRUCTURES IN THE STIMULATED RADIATION SPECTRUM DURING SECOND ELECTRON GYRO-HARMONIC HEATING

W. Scales, M. Ranade Bordikar, A. Samimi, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States;  P. Bernhardt, S. Briczinski, C. Selcher, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, United States;  M. McCarrick, Marsh Creek LLC, Gakona, AK, United States  

Recent observations of Stimulated Electromagnetic Emissions SEE for heating near the second electron gyro-harmonic frequency at the HAARP facility are discussed that show previously unobserved structures ordered by harmonics of the ion gyro-frequency. An analytical model is presented that shows for pump wave frequencies near the second electron gyro-harmonic, a band of upper hybrid/electron Bernstein waves separated by harmonics of the ion gyro-frequency can be destabilized. A new 2-D computational model using the PIC method is also used to investigate nonlinear processes involved in producing these spectral features.

10:20         HG3.7  1ST OBSERVATIONS OF SPEAR (SPACE PLASMA EXPLORATION BY ACTIVE RADAR) INDUCED PLASMA LINE SPECTRAL ENHANCEMENTS IN A NATURALLY OCCURRING SPORADIC E-REGION.

L. J. Baddeley, University Centre in Svalbard, Svalbard, Norway;  I. Haggstrom, EISCAT Scientific Association, Kiruna, Sweden;  M. T. Rietveld, EISCAT Scientific Association, Tromso, Norway  

We present the 1st observations of sporadic E-layer heating at high latitudes (78N) using the SPEAR heating facility and the EISCAT Svalbard Radar (ESR). Results show distinct heating enhancements in the plasma line spectra, corresponding to the SPEAR heater frequency of 4.45MHz. High spatial resolution (100m) plasma line data indicate simultaneous enhancements at both the top and bottom side of the layer respectively (located at ~107.5 and 109km altitude respectively). The nature of these enhancements will be discussed in detail.

10:40         HG3.8  ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC ANTENNA AS REAL TRANSMISSION LINES IN PLASMA AND THE MIRACLE OF SELF-FOCUSING OF WHISTLER MODE PROPAGATION

K. Bibl, Univ. of Mass. Lowell, Center for Atmospheric Research, Lowell, MA, United States

When one considers the losses in an antenna impedance measurement of the Very-low Frequency RPI experiment in space mostly caused by local electrons and ions flowing into the antenna and the spacecraft, instead of radiation, because these losses were non-linear with voltage, and can explain the excellent recordings of multi-bounce whistler mode echoes as self-focused in spite of low power, the search for new antenna configurations is required if high-power transmission is necessary. Understanding the antenna in plasma as a real transmission line, leads to a magnetic-electric antenna, end-loaded with capacity.

11:00         HG3.9  25 YEARS OF IONOSPHERIC MODIFICATION WITH SPACE SHUTTLE OMS BURNS

P. A. Bernhardt, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, United States

The Space Shuttle Orbital Maneuver Subsystem (OMS) is the largest engine fired in the F-region ionosphere. The vector addition of the exhaust velocity and the orbit velocity provides possible injections speeds of between 4.7 and 10.7 km/s. A ten second burn of two OMS engines deposits over 1 Giga-Joule of energy into the upper atmosphere. The ionosphere reacts to an OMS burn by exciting a large number of plasma wave modes and field aligned irregularities. These phenomena were obtained first in July 1985 and for the next 25 years 18 flights of the Space Shuttle.

11:20         HG3.10  EXCITATION, PROPAGATION AND RECEPTION OF WAVE PULSES IN THE VICINITY OF THE LOWER OBLIQUE RESONANCE IN THE OEDIPUS-C EXPERIMENT

Y. Chugunov, Institute of Applied Physics, RAS, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia;  V. Fiala, M. Hayosh, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, CAS, 141 31 Prague, Czech Republic;  G. James, Communications Research Centre Canada, Ottawa, ON K2H 8S2, Canada  

The observations in the OEDIPUS-C two-point experiment of pulses of 100-kHz wave trains are presented. The waves propagate near the lower oblique resonance cone over a distance slightly higher than one kilometer in the auroral ionosphere between the emitting and receiving payloads. The interpretation of these data requires an innovative approach that takes into account both the excitation and reception of these waves under resonance conditions as well as the spreading of pulses during propagation.

11:40         HG3.11  INVESTIGATION OF SPACECRAFT TRANSMITTER VHF SIGNAL PROPAGATION THROUGH EXHAUST BURNS OF APPROACH AND CORRECTION ENGINE USING THE GROUND-BASE INTERFEROMETER

V. Khakhinov, V. Lebedev, A. Podlesnyi, I. Bryn'ko, Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Irkutsk, Russian Federation

In this paper we study features propagation of VHF radiowaves through the ionospheric disturbances generated by exhaust jets of Transport Spacecraft (TSC) "Progress" Approach and Correction Engine (ACE). For solving this problem was created the ground-based interferometric complex comprising of 4 zenith reception antennas. The results of ground-based interferometric measurements showed the effect of ACE run on the onboard transmitter VHF signal characteristics.

12:00          End of the Session

J07 – Observatory Reports

Session Chair: Justin Jonas

Session     J07

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Thursday, August 18, 08:00-11:50

Room        Marmara

08:00         J07.1  PRESENT STATUS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS OF ONSALA SPACE OBSERVATORY, SWEDEN

M. Lindqvist, H. Olofsson, Onsala Space Observatory, Onsala, Sweden

Onsala Space Observatory (OSO), the Swedish National Facility for Radio Astronomy, operates a 20m-diameter millimetre-wave telescope and a 25m-diameter cm-wave telescope at Onsala, Sweden. OSO is also responsible for the Swedish involvement in the Atacama Pathfinder Experiment (APEX), an excellent sub-millimetre telescope on an exceptionally good site, Llano Chajnantor in Chile. Furthermore, OSO is involved in several international projects such as EVN, IVS, LOFAR, ALMA, Herschel and SKA. We will describe the present status of the observatory and outline some of the planned future directions

08:10         J07.2  PROGRESS WITH EVLBI IN THE EVN AND CORRELATORS AT JIVE

H. H. J. van Langevelde, JIVE, Dwingeloo, Netherlands

The European VLBI Network has been offering real-time capabilities for a couple of years with a primary objective to allow observations of transients on the time scales at which they occur. The technical, operational and scientific aspects of this has been recognized to be relevant for the development of the SKA. As a next step, it is the aim to include an eVLBI aspect to all user experiments, resulting in a more senstive, fexible and robust network. Combined with new correlators, currently under construction, this will result in an astronomical facility complementary with other SKA-pathfinder radio observatories.

08:20         J07.3  ASTRON OBSERVATORY REPORT

M. A. Garrett, ASTRON, Dwingeloo, Netherlands

I will present the latest results associated with the major activities of ASTRON (the Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy). These will include (i) the latest commissioning results from the International LOFAR Telescope, (ii) new results from APERTIF (the focal plane array system being developed for the WSRT) and (iii) the latest news regarding our participation in the Aperture Array Verification Programme (including recent results from the SKA pathfinder, EMBRACE). Key scientific results obtained by ASTRON staff will also be described, together with news on our technology valorization programme.

08:30         J07.4  HARTEBEESTHOEK RADIO ASTRONOMY OBSERVATORY REPORT

M. J. Gaylard, Hartebeesthoek Radio Astronomy Observatory, Krugersdorp, South Africa

The 26m radio telescope of the Hartebeesthoek Radio Astronomy Observatory (HartRAO) suffered a failure of the main bearing in the polar shaft in 2008 October. This was replaced in 2010 and the telescope returned to service. Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) restarted in 2010 August. The internet link to other continents operates at 1 GB/s, permitting e-VLBI at this data rate with the European VLBI Network (EVN).

08:40         J07.5  OBSERVATORY REPORT FOR THE UK

R. J. Davis, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

As UK representative for commission J I will give a report on radio astronomy in the UK. This will be centred on eMERLIN and JBO with further reports from Lord's Bridge Cambridge and SKA reports from Manchester, Cambridge and Oxford. If time permits then there will be a report on millimeter astronomy.

08:50         J07.6  ASTROMERY ACTIVITIES WITH THE MIZUSAWA VLBI OBSERVATORY, JAPAN

N. Kawaguchi, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Tokyo, Japan

The Mizusawa VLBI observatory of the National Astronomical Observatory, Japan has currently been making astrometric observations on stars in the Milky Galaxy by using a VLBI network formed by four 20-m radio telescopes deployed over Japanese islands (VERA). The annual parallax measured with the VLBI array makes clear the distance to the star, which is essentially imprtant to know the absolute mass of the star. The distance and the infinitesimal motion on the sky are also important to elucidate the galaxy dynamics and the structure. I will report the recent astrometric results and new astrophysical discoveries made by VERA.

09:00         J07.7  THE NANCAY RADIO OBSERVATORY

G. Theureau, Paris Observatory, Nancay, France

The Decimetric Radio Telescope, the Radioheliograph and the Decametric Array are operational with renovated instrumentations. The french LOFAR station is installed and connected to the ILT. The CODALEMA experiment of cosmic shower radio detection has deployed 60 new autonomous antennae and the EMBRACE SKA-demonstrator is in its final phase of calibration and testing. R&D activity is growing rapidly with new developments in integrated receivers, focal plane array design and RFI mitigation techniques for SKA. The concept of an extended LOFAR station at 20-80 MHz is under study, for an area 20 times that of a single station.

09:10         J07.8  THE INTERNATIONAL LOFAR TELESCOPE (ILT)

R. C. Vermeulen, M. van Haarlem, ASTRON, Dwingeloo, Netherlands

LOFAR is the Low Frequency Array, with 30-240 MHz receivers for radio astronomy. The International LOFAR Telescope (ILT) foundation has recently been formed to operate collectively, under a joint scientific policy, all LOFAR facilities owned by various parties in the Netherlands, Germany, France, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. Plans to join the ILT exist in several other European countries. Here, we describe the governance and report on the initial operations, which focus on joint shared-risks early science and commissioning projects. Future observing will have a mixture of reserved access and Open Skies projects.

09:20          Tea/Coffee Break

09:40         J07.9  OBSERVATORY REPORT: MIT HAYSTACK OBSERVATORY

C. Lonsdale, MIT Haystack Observatory, Westford, MA, United States

Haystack Observatory engages in a wide variety of technical and scientific activities under the unifying theme of radio science. In this presentation, an overview of the Observatory facilities and capabilities will be given, along with a description of the major areas of work. The recent major upgrade of the 37-meter telescope will be described. Finally, a summary of the recent major research accomplishments in astronomy and atmospheric sciences will be presented.

09:50         J07.10  RADIO ASTRONOMY AND VLBI IN NEW ZEALAND

S. Gulyaev, T. Natusch, S. Weston, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand

New Zealand's location and geophysical attributes carry unique opportunities for radio astronomy and VLBI: a compact cluster of 12-m and 30-m antennas at the Warkworth Radio Astronomical Observatory can provide a vital element of the global and regional VLBI networks, both astronomical and geodetic. The radio telescopes' characteristics and the observatory basic equipment specifications are outlined. Recent developments in radio astronomy, VLBI and eVLBI capabilities for astrophysics, astrometry and geodesy are presented. IRASR development towards SKA, as well as involvement in educational activities is summarized.

10:00         J07.11  SHANGHAI 65M RADIO TELESCOPE

Z.-Q. Shen, The 65m Project Team, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Shanghai, China

The Shanghai 65m radio telescope is a new general purpose, fully steerable radio telescope currently being built. It will have a main reflector of 65-m in diameter with a shaped Cassegrain configuration. It will operate in a wide frequency range (from 1.4 GHz to 43 GHz). The primary active surface will be installed to improve the efficiency at high frequencies. It will be in full operation in 2015 with the first commissioning observations in 2012-2013. Some updates of the construction and other related topics of the Shanghai 65m radio telescope project will be reported.

10:10         J07.12  THE AUSTRALIA TELESCOPE NATIONAL FACILITY

D. C. C-J. Bock, CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science, Epping, NSW, Australia

The Australia Telescope National Facility (ATNF) consists of the Australia Telescope Compact Array, Parkes Telescope, Mopra Telescope, and the Long Baseline Array. Users also have access to NASA's 70m antenna in Tidbinbilla, near Canberra. Following its completion in 2013, the Australian SKA Pathfinder (ASKAP) will also become part of the ATNF. The ATNF is now part of CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science. This new CSIRO division joins the ATNF and the Canberra Deep Space Communication Complex (part of the NASA Deep Space Network). CSIRO's programs of astrophysics research and radio astronomy technology development are also in the division.

10:20         J07.13  ARECIBO OBSERVATORY

D. B. Campbell, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States

During the program year ending on September 30, 2010, the Arecibo 305 m radio telescope was used for approximately 4,000 hours for astronomical observations with about 60% of the time devoted to large surveys primarily utilizing the ALFA 7-horn array. A structural problem limited telescope motion for most of the year but, as of early February, 2011, has been repaired. A 12 m antenna was installed as a phase reference antenna to improve the efficiency of VLBI observations. Feasibility studies are underway for a 40-beam cooled phased array system as a successor to the ALFA system.

10:30         J07.14  NANTEN2 SUB-MM OBSERVATORY

T. Okuda, T. Hayakawa, Y. Fukui, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan

NANTEN2 is a 4m sub-mm/mm telescope installed in Atacama, Chile. The telescope is equipped with heterodyne receivers at four frequency bands [100, 200, 500 and 800GHz]. The high frequency bands are used to probe high excitation molecular gas in star forming regions etc. and the lower frequency bands to observe extended molecular gas in the Galaxy. Recent results on the central molecular zone and the Magellanic Clouds will be presented in the talk. NANTEN2 consortium includes ten universities around the world.

10:40         J07.15  NEW TECHNICAL AND SCIENTIFIC DEVELOPMENTS AT THE ARIZONA RADIO OBSERVATORY

R. W. Freund, L. M. Ziurys, G. P. Reiland, E. F. Lauria, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States

Astronomical observations in the millimeter and sub-millimeter regions are performed at two facilities operated by the Arizona Radio Observatory. The Sub-Millimeter Telescope utilizes 3 heterodyne SIS receivers to cover 3 of the 4 atmospheric windows from 210 to 720 GHz and soon a new receiver will cover the remaining window. The 12-Meter telescope uses 3 heterodyne SIS receivers to the cover the 2 windows from 68 to 180 GHz. All receivers detect orthogonal polarization and soon 4 will utilize wideband sideband separating mixer technology. Presented here are new instrumentation developments and recent scientific results from the ARO.

10:50         J07.16  OBSERVATORY REPORT FROM JAPAN

R. Kawabe, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Nobeyama, Minamisaku, Nagano, Japan

Recent three major activities of radio astronomy in National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) are presented. One is ALMA construction; NAOJ is constructing Atacama Compact Array (ACA), and ALMA band-4, -8, and -10 receiver cartridges. The others are activities for operating Nobeyama Radio Observatory (NRO) and Mizusawa VLBI observatory. Toward ALMA science, NRO is operating the 45 m telescope and ASTE (Atacama Submillimeter Telescope Experiment) 10 m telescope in Chile. Mizusawa is operating VERA (VLBI Exploration of Radio Astronomy) dedicated to phase referencing VLBI for Galactic astronomy. Other activities led by Japanese universities are also reported.

11:00         J07.17  RADIO ASTRONOMY DATA TRANSFER USING KAREN NETWORK

S. Weston, T. Natusch, S. Gulyaev, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand

The Kiwi Advanced Research and Education Network (KAREN) has been used to transfer large volumes of radio astronomical data between the Radio Astronomical Observatory at Warkworth, New Zealand and various international organizations involved in joint projects and VLBI observations. Here we report on current status of connectivity and results of testing data transfer protocols. We investigate UDP protocols (tsunami and UDT) and demonstrate that the UDT is more efficient than tsunami and ftp. We also report on tests of direct data streaming from the radio telescope receiving system to a correlation centre without intermediate buffering or recording (real-time eVLBI).

11:10         J07.18  OBSERVATORY REPORT FOR THE GMRT

Y. Gupta, National Centre for Radio Astrophysics, Pune, India

The Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT), consisting of 30 antennas of 45 m diameter spread out over a 30 km region, is today a major international facility for research in low frequency Radio Astronomy (150 MHz to 1500 MHz). We describe the current operational status of the GMRT, and highlight some of the recent discoveries. We also present some recent improvements, including the GMRT software back-end, improved RFI mitigation techniques, VLBI capability etc. Furthermore, we present details about the major upgrade of the GMRT that is presently underway, which will significantly enhance its capabilities.

11:20         J07.19  A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF ACTIVITIES AT THE RAMAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE (RRI)

N. Udaya Shankar, Raman Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India

In this presentation, I will give a brief overview of the ongoing activities at RRI. The present focus at RRI is on aperture arrays for low frequency radio astronomy. I will describe the ongoing efforts related to its verification program, possibly leading to A Low Frequency All Sky Transient Telescope, with a 10% collecting area of SKA,targeting a frequency range 0.1 to 1 GHz. I will also describe the activities related to the development of digital receiver systems for MWA, a sub-millimetrewave telescope and an X-ray polarimeter for small satellite mission.

11:30         J07.20  A REPORT FROM THE MAURITIUS RADIO TELESCOPE

S. Daiboo, University of Mauritius / Raman Research Institute, Bangalore, India;  N. Udaya Shankar, Raman Research Institute, Bangalore, India  

The Mauritius Radio Telescope (MRT) was built with an objective of imaging the southern sky at 150 MHz.The main objective of the telescope has been achieved and a survey covering the declination range -10 degrees < DEC < -70 degress and 24 hours in RA with a resolution of 4 x 4.6 sec (delta + 20.14 degrees) has been completed. The detection limit (5 sigma) of the survey is 1 Jy/beam. We present some interesting images chosen from the survey covering 4 steradians and highlights of imaging with this non-coplanar array.

11:40         J07.21  ACTIVITIES OF THE DOMINION RADIO ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY

A. D. Gray, B. Carlson, S. M. Dougherty, G. J. Hovey, G. Lacy, K. F. Tapping, B. Veidt, A. G. Willis, National Research Council Canada, Penticton, BC, Canada

The Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory (DRAO) carries out world-class research in radio astronomy science and engineering, with a focus on science and technologies relevant to the planned International Square-Kilometre Array (SKA). DRAO staff operate three on-site telescopes, and participate in international science projects, with recognized expertise in the theory and practice of wide-field imaging and polarimetry. Active engineering programs include digital signal processing (correlators and beam-forming), phased-array feeds, and high performance composite reflector antennas.

11:50          End of the Session

K06 – Biological Effects of EMF: Cellular, Animal

Session Chairs: Rafi Korenstein, Anne Perrin

Session     K06

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Thursday, August 18, 08:00-11:40

Room        Loft

08:00         K06.1  EFFECTS OF EXPOSURE TO INTERMEDIATE FREQUENCY MAGNETIC FIELDS ON GENE EXPRESSION OF ESTROGEN-REGULATED GENE IN MCF-7 CELLS

Y. Ogasawara1, M. Ikehata2, R. Sakaguchi1, S. Awakura1, S. Yoshie2, C. Ohkubo3, K. Ishii1;  1Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Tokyo, Japan; 2Railway Technical Research Institute, Kokubunji, Tokyo, Japan; 3Japan EMF Information Center, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan

To evaluate biological effects of intermediate frequency magnetic fields (IF-MF), estrogen-regulated gene expression under magnetic fields were studied. Genetically modified MCF-7 cells that transformed with ERE-luc fusion gene was used. Cells were exposed to 21 kHz IF-MF for 24 hr. Then, luciferase activity was measured as estrogen-regulated gene expression. In this study, we have observed no significant difference in luciferase activity between exposed and sham-exposed cells by 21 kHz, up to 3.9mT, IF-MF for 24hr. These results suggest that IF-MF is unlikely to affect directly on estrogen-regulated gene expression.

08:20         K06.2  BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF INTERMEDIATE FREQUENCY MAGNETIC FIELDS -DEVELOPMENT OF EXPOSURE SYSTEM AND EVALUATE GENOTOXICITY IN VITRO-

M. Ikehata1, S. Yoshie1, K. Wada2, Y. Suzuki2, T. Sakai3, K. Wake3, S. Nakasono4, M. Taki2, C. Ohkubo5;  1Railway Technical Research Institute, Kokubunji, Tokyo, Japan; 2Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan; 3National Institute of Information and Commmunications Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan; 4Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Abiko, Chiba, Japan; 5Japan EMF Information Center, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan

To evaluate biological effects of intermediate frequency magnetic fields (IF-MFs), we developed an exposure system for in vitro study. This system is able to generate up to 3.9mT, 21kHz IF-MF under controlled culture condition. Toxicity and effect on frequency of micronucleus in CHL/IU cells by exposure to IF-MFs were investigated. As the results, we have not observed any significant effects by exposure to up to 3.9 mT, 21 kHz IF-MF in both experiment. This suggests that IF-MF is unlikely to cause adverse biological effects.

08:40         K06.3  MICROARRAY ANALYSIS OF HUMAN-DERIVED CELLS EXPOSED TO INTERMEDIATE FREQUENCY MAGNETIC FIELDS GENERATED BY AN INDUCTION HEATING (IH) COOKTOP

T. Sakurai1, T. Kiyokawa2, E. Narita1, J. Miyakoshi1;  1Kyoto University, Uji, Japan; 2Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan

There is public concern regarding the potential health effects of induction heating (IH) cooktops in Japan. From IH cooktops, intermediate frequency (IF) magnetic fields at 20 to 90 kHz leak out. However, there have been very few studies of the biological effects of IF magnetic fields. In this study, we evaluated the effects of magnetic fields at 23 kHz and 100 μT from the perspective of gene expression by microarray analysis using human-derived cells. We demonstrate that exposure to IF magnetic fields for up to 6 h did not cause any significant alterations in gene expression.

09:00         K06.4  ESTIMATION OF MUTAGENIC EFFECTS OF INTERMEDIATE FREQUENCY MAGNETIC FIELD USING MAMMALIAN CELLS

S. Yoshie1, Y. Suzuki2, K. Wada2, K. Wake3, T. Sakai3, S. Nakasono4, M. Taki2, C. Ohkubo5, M. Ikehata1;  1Railway Technical Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan; 2Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan; 3National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Tokyo, Japan; 4Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Chiba, Japan; 5Japan EMF Information Center, Tokyo, Japan

Since the opportunities that people are exposed to intermediate frequency (IF) magnetic fields (MF) are increasing, the health risk assessment of IF-MF has now become important. Because there have been few studies about long-term exposure to IF-MF with high magnetic flux density, we have developed a new apparatus capable of IF-MF exposure up to 3.9 mT for in vitro study. In this study, we found out that IF-MF did not affect both cell growth and mutagenicity using the mammalian cell line CHO-K1 and its DNA repair deficient derivatives.

09:20          Tea/Coffee Break

09:40         K06.5  CHROMOSOMAL STUDIES OF HUMAN AMNIOTIC CELLS EXPOSED TO GSM-900: KARYOTYPING AND FISH.

C. C. Yardin, S. S. Bourthoumieu, Faculty of Medicine/CHU Dupuytren, Limoges, France;  P. P. Leveque, A. A. Collin, Faculty of sciences, XLIM, Limoges, France  

The possible effects of radiofrequency (RF) exposure on the genetic material of cells are very important to determine since DNA damage of somatic cells may be linked to cancer development. The first objective of our studies was to study the complete R-banded karyotype of cultured human amniotic cells exposed to RF similar to those emitted by mobile phones of second generation (GSM). Our second objective was to investigate whether the GSM-exposure may induce aneuploidy by FISH (Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization) using the same probes as those used by Mashevich et al. (2003) and Mazor et al. (2008).

10:00         K06.6  BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF RADAR TYPE 3 GHZ MICROWAVE EXPOSURE ON WISTAR RATS

C. Cretallaz1, C. Amourette1, I. Lamproglou2, A. Collin1, P. Leveque3, W. Fauquette1, M. Diserbo1, A. Perrin1;  1Ministry for Defence, IRBA - CRSSA, La Tronche, France; 2La Pitie Salpetriere Hospita, APHP, Paris, France; 3XLIM, UMR CNRS n6172, Limoges, France

The aim of this work was to simulate human exposure to high power pulsed microwave emitted by radars. Navy staff exposure may be occasional, prolonged or repeated. A special emitting experimental device was developed in order to reproduce these exposure conditions with an experimental model of adult rat. Results obtained for 29 days after a single 3 GHz exposure (mean SAR 15 W/kg) will be presented. At day 30, animals were sacrificed. Parameters related to central nervous system, haematological and endocrine system were studied. The condition of rats was followed up by regular body weighing and clinical check-up.

10:20         K06.7  EPIGENETIC CHANGES ARE INDUCED FOLLOWING EXPOSURE OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD CELLS TO CW 800MHZ RADIATION

R. Korenstein, R. Mazor, A. Barbul, A. Korenstein-Ilan, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel

Genetic and epigenetic changes are involved in initiation and progression of cancer. We exposed PBL from volunteers to CW 800MHz radiation at SAR of 2.9 and 4.1 W/kg for 24 hours (n=5) and 72 hours (n=10). Control experiments were carried out in the range of 33.5-40C. Epigenetic changes were monitored by analysis of FISH patterns of centromeres of chromosomes 11 and 17 reflecting alteration in their replication timing and synchrony. The results demonstrate radiation induced non-thermal effect on asynchronous replication in both chromosomes following exposure to the higher SAR level.

10:40         K06.8  BIOMARKERS INDUCING CHANGES DUE TO MICROWAVE EXPOSURE EFFECT ON RAT BRAIN

K. K. Kesari, S. Kumar, J. Behari, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India

Animals were exposed for 2hr/day for 45 days (power density 0.21 mW/cm2; SAR 0.038 W/Kg). Pineal gland and whole brain tissues were separated for the study of melatonin, creatine kinase and caspase 3. Result showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) in melatonin level in exposed group as compared with sham-exposed. A significant increase (P<0.05) in creatine kinase and caspase 3 was also observed in exposed group of whole brain as compared with sham exposed. The study concludes the chronic exposure to these radiations may be an indication of possible tumor promotion.

11:00         K06.9  INVESTIGATION OF ACUTE OCULAR INJURY THRESHOLD BY 76 GHZ BAND EXPOSURE IN RABBITS

M. Kojima, H. Sasaki, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku-gun, Japan;  K. Sasaki, Tohoku Bunka Gakuen University, Sendai, Japan;  T. Sakai, K. Wake, S. Watanabe, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Tokyo, Japan;  Y. Kamimura, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Japan;  A. Hirata, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Japan;  Y. Suzuk, M. Taki, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan  

Acute ocular injury threshold of 76 GHz millimeter wave (MMW) exposure was investigated. Rabbits were exposed to 200, 100, 75, 50, 10 mW/cm2 76 GHz MMW for 6 min with a lens antenna. Corneal opacity, epithelial injury were present up to 2 days after exposure at a dose of 200 mW/cm2. No ocular changes other than reversible corneal epithelial injury were seen following exposure at 100, 75 mW/cm2. There were no ocular changes after exposure at doses of 50, 10 mW/cm2. Six-minute exposure to 76 GHz 10 mW/cm2 did not induce any ocular damage.

11:20         K06.10  AN INVESTIGATION OF THE HEAT TRANSPORT MECHANISM UNDER THE MILLIMETER-WAVE EXPOSURE CONSIDERING THE CONVECTION IN THE ANTERIOR CHAMBER OF RABBIT'S EYE

A. Koike1, Y. Suzuki1, M. Kojima2, T. Sakai3, K. Wake3, S. Watanabe3, M. Taki1, H. Sasaki2, K. Sasaki4;  1Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan; 2Kanazawa Medical University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan; 3National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan; 4Tohoku Bunka Gakuen University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan

The experiment exposing the millimeter-waves (MMWs) is performed to investigate the relation between the temperature elevation at the ocular tissue and MMW exposure. The temperature and velocity distributions in front part of the eye are simultaneously measured by using Micro-Encapsulated Thermo-chromic Liquid Crystal and Fluoroptic Thermometer. It is found that the flowing patterns of aqueous humor depend on the incident power density, and these patterns affect the heat transport mechanism.

11:40          End of the Session

AT – Single Electron Tunneling (SET)

Session Chair: P. Banerjee

Session     AT

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Thursday, August 18, 11:00-12:00

Room        Dolmabahçe C

11:00         AT.1  ELECTRON PUMPS AND RE-DEFINITION OF THE SI UNIT AMPERE

S. Giblin, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, UK

The upcoming 2011 general conference on weights and measures (CGPM) will consider a proposal to re-define the SI unit ampere by assigning a fixed value to the electron charge e, while simultaneously releasing the permeability of free space μ0 to become a measured parameter. This review provides the background to the proposed re-definition and describes research into electron pumps aimed at supporting it. Particular emphasis is given to recent results on semiconductor electron pumps, which are currently the most promising candidates for metrological current standards.

12:00          End of the Session

BJ – Very Large Antenna Arrays for Radio Astronomy

Session Chairs: Amir Zaghloul, William Imbriale

Session     BJ

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Thursday, August 18, 13:40-15:40

Room        Anadolu Auditorium

13:40         BJ.1  ASKAP: PROGRESS TOWARDS 36 PARABOLIC REFLECTORS WITH PHASED ARRAY FEEDS

A. P. Chippendale, A. Schinckel, CSIRO, Sydney, NSW, Australia

On behalf of the ASKAP team, this paper reviews the goals and status of the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP). ASKAP demonstrates key concepts for the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) radio telescope including: phased array feeds, high performance computing, and a radio quiet site suitable for the most sensitive radio telescope. ASKAP is being deployed to the Murchison Radio-astronomy Observatory in Western Australia. Six antennas have been installed and 30 more will be installed this year. As of February 2011, the first phased array feed had been assembled and integration with downconversion and beamforming systems was commencing.

14:00         BJ.2  ARECIBO FOCAL PHASED ARRAY: FEASIBILITY STUDY AND INSTRUMENT CONCEPT DESIGN

G. Cortes-Medellin, D. B. Campbell, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States

We are developing the next generation instrumentation for the Arecibo radiotelescope: an L-band focal phased array feed (PAF) with an effective field of view (FOV) of approx 20 arcmin. As part of this development, we made a feasibility study to address two issues necessary to implement this technology: to determine the available FOV of a PAF system with the Arecibo shaped optics, and the development of a cryogenic concept with the potential of reaching a receiver temperature of 35K. We are presenting the results of this study and the system concept design for the Arecibo cryogenic PAF.

14:20         BJ.3  TOWARDS A HIGH SENSITIVITY, CRYOGENIC PHASED ARRAY FEED ANTENNA FOR THE GREEN BANK TELESCOPE

K. F. Warnick, D. Carter, T. Webb, J. Landon, V. Asthana, M. Elmer, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States;  R. Norrod, NRAO, Green Bank, WV, United States;  J. R. Fisher, NRAO, Charlottesville, VA, United States  

Efforts have been underway for the last several years to develop phased array feed antennas for large reflectors such as the Green Bank Telescope (GBT) as well as mid-size reflectors for Square Kilometer Array demonstration instruments. We report on recent work on a cryogenic L-band phased array feed with the goal of reducing the beam equivalent system noise temperature so that it is competitive with that of traditional horn type feeds.

14:40         BJ.4  PHOTONIC MILLIMETER-WAVE/MICROWAVE SIGNAL GENERATION AND TRANSMISSION TECHNIQUES FOR A HIGH-FREQUENCY RADIO INTERFEROMETER AND A VERY LARGE ANTENNA ARRAY

H. Kiuchi, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Tokyo, Japan;  T. Kawanishi, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Tokyo, Japan  

In the field of large scale radio interferometers, there is a growing need for the photonic highly-stable signal generation and distribution system. In order to maintain signal coherency of the distributed reference-frequency signal, we have developed a photonic millimeter-wave generator and a photonic transmission signal phase stabilizer to transmit a reference signal in the form of frequency difference between two coherent light waves.

15:00         BJ.5  EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS OF THE APERTIF PHASED ARRAY FEED

W. A. van Cappellen, L. Bakker, T. A. Oosterloo, ASTRON, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands

APERTIF (APERture Tile In Focus) is a Phased Array Feed (PAF) system that is being developed for the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope (WSRT) to increase its survey speed with a factor 20. This paper presents an overview of APERTIF and measurement results that demonstrate the unique capabilities of PAFs in practice: Wide field of view (scan range), low system temperature, excellent illumination efficiency, synthesis imaging and a significant reduction of the reflector feed interaction.

15:20         BJ.6  A MODIFIED MILLS CROSS WITH ELEMENTS SPACED ONE WAVELENGTH APART

R. H. MacPhie, L. Yuan, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada

This modified Mills Cross uses elements spaced one wavelength apart beginning at one half wavelength on the positive x-axis and at zero on the negative. In the y-direction are two subarrays one half wavelength on each side of the y-axis. On the positive side, elements spaced one wavelength apart begin one half wavelength above and below the x-axis. On the negative side they begin at y = 0. Two product patterns are formed from the x-axis array and the two sub-arrays. Their sum equals that of a square array's power pattern.

15:40          End of the Session

C10 – Wireless Communication Technologies for Standardization

Session Chairs: Kenjiro Nishikawa, Naoki Honma

Session     C10

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Thursday, August 18, 13:40-15:40

Room        Dolmabahçe A

13:40         C10.1  LTE AND LTE-ADVANCED: RADIO TECHNOLOGY ASPECTS FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS

T. Nakamura, FUJITSU LIMITED, Kawasaki, Japan

The paper presents history of radio communication technologies for mobile communications briefly followed by introduction of LTE (Long Term Evolution) or LTE-Advanced radio technologies. Activities in 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project) are also touched where latest radio communication standards are developed. Afterwards as examples of key radio technologies used in LTE or LTE Advanced, its operating frequency bands and Carrier Aggregation (CA) feature are covered. Also several promising technologies are explained which will be an essential element in order to realize coming mobile phone terminals.

14:00         C10.2  WHITE SPACES COMMUNICATIONS IN EUROPE

A. J. Morgado, N. B. Carvalho, IT-Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal

Cognitive Radio Communications and the switch off of analog TV in Europe is creating a strong and viable solution for testing new approaches to the implementation of Cognitive Radios in an effective way. In this paper the concept of White Spaces and specially the approaches that are thought to be developed in Europe will be studied and analyzed. It is expected that this work will be the basis for more focus on the white space communication protocols.

14:20         C10.3  COMBINED SIGNAL PROCESSING IN INFORMATION-MEASURING INTEGRATED SYSTEMS

A. B. Shmelev, Radiotechnical Institute by Academician A.L.Mints, Moscow, Russian Federation

Optimal joint processing problem in information-measuring systems including several receivers is considered. Optimization purpose consists in minimization of common information parameter estimation error at the expense of combined processing of signals embedded in Gaussian noise. The consideration presented is based on Markovian approach developed in respect to assigned problem for the case of linear a priori stochastic equations generating information parameters under estimation. The integrated systems general structure synthesized includes units for innovation processes formation, their weight summation and low-pass filtration. Combined estimation of single information process transmitted via three different type channels is studied in detail.

14:40         C10.4  RESOURCE ALLOCATION ALGORITHM FOR HETEROGENEOUS SERVICES IN DECODE-AND-FORWARD OFDM RELAY SYSTEM

Q. Wan1,2, G. Ma1;  1National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; 2Graduate University Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

This paper studies the resource allocation problem for heterogeneous services in decode-and-forward orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system. A resource allocation algorithm is proposed to maximize the data rate of non-realtime service (NRTS) while satisfying realtime service (RTS) requirements. The problem to be solved is decomposed into two sub-problems: power allocation for RTS and NRTS. The problem of RTS is solved with Lagrangian method. A two-step method is proposed for NRTS. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has a much better performance than the fixed algorithm and its complexity is less than the exhaustive algorithm.

15:00         C10.5  NONLINEAR ESTIMATION OF PHASE IN THE PRESENCE OF PHASE DISTORTIONS

V. A. Potapov, Radiotechnical Institute by Academician A.L.Mints, Moscow, Russian Federation

We study the phase estimation problem in the presence of white noise and phase distortions on the basis of the Markovian technique of nonlinear processing of random fields. The emphasis is on the processing error dependence of the number of receivers.

15:20         C10.6  BROADBAND CIRCULARLY POLARIZED ANTENNAS FOR UHF SATCOM

I. Tekin, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey;  O. Manzhura, E. Niver, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA  

Novel circularly polarized (CP) antenna configurations derived from Moxon type antenna (bent dipole element over a ground plane) for broadband UHF SATCOM applications. A sequence of topologies starting from a single vertical element to two vertical elements, widened strip arm elements extended to bowtie structures with bents were investigated. The logic in this evolution was to obtain highest gain based on Fano-Chu limits, which suggests that in an electrically small antenna with maximized metallization. Fabricated antennas coupled to a hybrid coupler yielded excellent bandwidths, low cross-polarization and low back lobes on the finite ground planes.

15:40          End of the Session

D08 – Nonlinear Optics and Guided Wave Devices

Session Chairs: F. Ömer Ilday, G. Steinmeyer

Session     D08

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Thursday, August 18, 13:40-15:40

Room        Dolmabahçe B

13:40         D08.1  HIGHER-ORDER KERR EFFECT IN ULTRASHORT LASER PULSE PROPAGATION AND LASER FILAMENTATION

P. Bejot1, J. Kasparian1, O. Faucher2, E. Hertz2, B. Lavorel2, J.-P. Wolf1;  1University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; 2Universit de Bourgogne, Dijon, France

We discuss the contribution of the higher-order Kerr effect (HOKE) to the propagation of ultrashort laser pulses in several contexts. We show that their consideration is necessary to adequately reproduce experimental data about harmonics generation, propagation in hollow-core fibers, and laser filamentation. In the latter case, our results show that the HOKE play a key role for short pluses and/or long wavelengths, while the plasma contributes more for long pulses and/or short wavelengths.

14:00         D08.2  OPTICAL ROGUE WAVES AND LOCALIZED STRUCTURES IN NONLINEAR FIBER OPTICS

G. Genty, M. Erkintalo, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland;  B. Kibler, J. Fatome, C. Finot, K. Hammani, G. Millot, Universit de Bourgogne,, Dijon, France;  F. Dias, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland;  N. Akhmediev, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia;  B. Wetzel, J. M. Dudley, Universit de Franche-Comt, Besancon, France  

We review our recent work in the field of optical rogue wave physics. Beginning from a brief survey of the well-known instabilities in optical fiber, we trace the links to recent developments in studying the emergence of high contrast localized breather structures in both spontaneous and induced nonlinear instabilities.

14:20         D08.3  MID-INFRARED NONLINEAR OPTICS IN SILICON NANOSTRUCTURES

R. K. W. Lau1, M. Ménard1, Y. Okawachi1, M. A. Foster1, A. C. Turner-Foster1, R. Salem2, M. Lipson1,1, A. Gaeta1;  1Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States; 2PicoLuz, Jessup, MD, United States

We report continuous-wave wavelength conversion from the telecom band to the mid-infrared via four-wave mixing in silicon nanowaveguides. We convert a 1636-nm signal to produce a 2384-nm idler, demonstrating a parametric bandwidth of 748 nm.

14:40         D08.4  ADVANCES IN QUASI PHASE-MATCHED OPTICAL FREQUENCY CONVERTERS

V. Pasiskevicius, C. Canalias, K. Gallo, F. Laurell, Royal Institute of Technology, KTH, Stockholm, Sweden

Recent advances in the growth of ferroelectric crystals with low optical losses and good structural consistency in particular KTiOPO4 and stoichiomethic Mg:LiTaO3 allowed a vast extension of applicability of quasi-phase-matched frequency converters. In this paper we overview recent advances in structuring these materials enabling high-energy pulse generation, extremely broadband parametric gain, and some unique applications in the quasi phase-matched crystals containing submicron-periodicity 1D structures as well as in 2D-structured crystals.

15:00         D08.5  MANIPULATING LIGHT BY LIGHT

A. Demircan, S. Amiranashvili, Weierstrass Institute for Applied Analysis and Stochastics, Berlin, Germany

We propose and verify a new concept of an all-optical transistor based on cross-phase modulation between a signal pulse (SP) and a control pulse (CP). An effective interaction is achieved if the CP is temporally locked to the SP in an optical event horizon. This enables modification of carrier frequency, energy, and pulse duration of a SP by a considerably weaker CP.

15:20         D08.6  SIMILARITON GENERATION IN FIBRE OPTIC AMPLIFIERS AND LASERS

J. D. Harvey, C. Aguergaray, V. Kruglov, Univesity of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand

Self similar solutions of nonlinear partial differential equations have been found with applications in many areas of Physics. The techniques used to find these solutions have been recently been applied to develop solutions of the Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation (NLSE) governing optical pulse propagation, where they are known as similaritons. This talk will discuss not only the well known parabolic and hyperbolic similaritons but also self similar solutions appropriate to amplifiers with gain saturation, together with their applications in high power amplifiers, and similariton lasers.

15:40          End of the Session

E08 – Surveys of the Electromagnetic Environment

Session Chairs: Frank Leferink, Mark Bentum

Session     E08

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Thursday, August 18, 13:40-15:20

Room        Galata

13:40         E08.1  SOUTH AFRICAN SKA DEMONSTRATOR SYSTEMS: EVOLVING RFI MITIGATION INVESTIGATIONS

H. C. Reader, P. S. van der Merwe, A. J. Otto, P. G. Wiid, P. K. Langat, J. Andriambeloson, C. van der Merwe, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa

The South African SKA demonstrator is founded on the Karoo Array Telescope (KAT). A holistic approach to radio frequency interference (RFI) mitigation has been adopted from the outset. We describe our groups contribution to this evolving effort. We consider the RFI beginning from the 100 km powerlines, through to the site base equipment and continue right up to the KAT-7 telescopes. A site survey was conducted with systems initially deactivated and then individually switched on to determine signature characteristics. More detailed studies include analysis of telescope pedestal shielding interfaces and cable transfer impedance.

14:00         E08.2  LOW FREQUENCY ASTRONOMY THE CHALLENGE IN A CROWDED RFI ENVIRONMENT

M. Bentum1,2, A.-J. Boonstra2;  1University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands; 2ASTRON, Dwingeloo, Netherlands

Low frequency radio astronomy is a hot topic at the moment. Many large arrays of antennas are built to facilitate the astronomical research on low frequencies. Building an instrument for the frequency band below 30 MHz on Earth will run into some problems. One of the issues is the instable and sometimes even opaque ionosphere at low frequencies. Another issue is man-made RFI at low frequencies. In this paper we will address the later one. An overview will be given of propagation models at lower frequencies; we will present measurements and will summarize the impact of RFI .

14:20         E08.3  ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCES FROM ELECTRIC/HYBRID VEHICLES

F. Silva, M. Aragon, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain

Using high-power electronics to drive the electrical engines of the new electric and hybrid vehicles produces high-level low-frequency EMI. In hybrid cars, this new emission is added to the ignition system one. In this paper, some EMI measurements including current, near and far electric and magnetic field in three different vehicles are presented. Some issues in the standards and tests setups must be updated: cars cannot be measured in idle state, new LISNs must be used in the high-power network, magnetic field evaluation for safety is mandatory in some vehicles or to consider radiated transient measurements.

14:40         E08.4  INTERACTION OF A MW AM BROADCAST TRANSMITTER WITH A LARGE CRANE AND THE ANALYSIS OF THE WORKERS SAFETY

F. Ustuner, TUBÝTAK BÝLGEM UEKAE, Kocaeli, Turkey

During the construction phase of a wind power plant in Turkey, an electromagnetic interaction was observed with a large crane and an AM broadcast transmitter. The interaction resulted in large current levels which poses health hazards to the workers. Initial grounding measures were not sufficient. In order to quantify the current levels, to assess the degree of the hazard and to find a practical remedy to the problem, the phenomenon is modeled and different cases with different worker configurations are analyzed. The analysis results emphasize the importance of the insulation and local grounding.

15:00         E08.5  STUDY OF EQLS IN LIMA, DURING THE 2007 PISCO, PERU EARTHQUAKE AND POSSIBLE EXPLANATIONS

J. A. Heraud, J. A. Lira, Pontificia Universidd Catolica del Peru, Peru, Peru

The Mw8.0 earthquake of 2007 in Peru, produced EQLs, observed , 150 km from the epicenter. Video from a camera was used to study luminous activity, highly correlated with the earthquake. Additional videos and accelerometer data was used. The video was analyzed for color and intensity information which time correlates well with ground acceleration. Qualified witnesses reports were used to create images showing lights on hill tops and islands near the coast, whith inexistent electrical man made activity. Possible explanations are discussed: local electric charge migration and radon gas. Two videos showing complete earthquake lights will be presented

15:20          End of the Session

FT – Remote Sensing, Systems and Applications: Present and Future

Session Chair: Madhu Chandra

Session     FT

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Thursday, August 18, 13:40-14:40

Room        Haliç

13:40         FT.1  THE MISSIONS TERRASAR-X AND TANDEM-X: STATUS, CHALLENGES, FUTURE PERSPECTIVES

S. Buckreuss, M. Zink, German Aerospace Center, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany

The advent of SAR (synthetic aperture radar) marks a major milestone in the field of radar remote sensing. The application of aerospace SAR systems has opened up diverse applications in the observation of Earth and its environment. Likewise, the SAR method has prompted phenomenal developments in the area of radar signal processing and radar-system design. In this tutorial talk, the state of the art developments in the field will be presented.

14:40          End of the Session

G08 – Open Session and Latest Results II

Session Chairs: Paul Cannon, Michael Rietveld

Session     G08

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Thursday, August 18, 13:40-15:40

Room        Dolmabahçe C

13:40         G08.1  UNDERDENSE, OVERDENSE, AND BRAGG SCATTERING IN RADAR METEORS

J. D. Mathews, Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States

Many models have been proposed to interpret the radar scattering represented in radar meteor head- and trail-echoes. These models often invoke the concepts of overdense versus underdense (relative to plasma frequency) scattering and of Bragg scattering or filtering in describing details of the scattering structure. We argue that, while appropriate to incoherent scattering, Bragg scattering is of limited use in interpretation of radar meteors. We also present a stricter definition of underdense versus overdense scattering in terms of the net scattered E-field in the plasma relative to the incident E-field. We give modeling examples supporting this approach.

14:00         G08.2  ON THE POSSIBLE EFFECT OF SIGNAL PROCESSING IN THE METEOR-HEAD RADAR REFLECTIONS FROM JICAMARCA

F. Galindo, J. Urbina, Penn State University, State Colege, PA, United States;  J. Chau, Radio Observatorio de Jicamarca, Lima, Peru;  L. Dyrud, Johns Hopkins University,, Baltimore, Maryland, United States  

We report the analysis of a peculiar signature present in Signal to Noise Ratio plots from meteor-head radar returns. These reflections were collected with the High-Power Large-Aperture radar at Jicamarca in Lima, Peru. The signature appears to be systematic, being caused by the combined effect of meteor-head properties and signal processing in the radar receiver. We describe a model to support this hypothesis. Our studies reveal that at least 15% of the meteor population exhibit this signature. Therefore, the understanding of this feature is critical to differentiate them from actual physical processes present in meteor returns.

14:20         G08.3  BRAMS: THE BELGIAN RADIO METEOR STATIONS

H. Lamy, S. Ranvier, J. De Keyser, E. Gamby, S. Calders, Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, Brussels, Belgium

BRAMS (Belgian RAdio Meteor Stations) is a new facility currently developed in Belgium to detect and study meteors with radio forward scattering techniques. The transmitter is a dedicated beacon and 25 receiving stations (including one interferometer) are spread all over Belgium. The characteristics of BRAMS and the scientific goals of the project will be discussed. Preliminary results for the automatic detection and counting of meteor echoes will be presented as well as initial results obtained with the interferometer. The methods planned to calculate meteoroid flux densities and trajectories of individual meteoroids will be discussed.

14:40         G08.4  FIRST VLF DETECTIONS OF IONOSPHERIC DISTURBANCES DUE TO SOFT GAMMA RAY REPEATER SGR J1550-5418

S. K. Chakrabarti, S N Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India;  S. K. Mondal, Indian Centre for Space Physics, Kolkata, West Bengal, India  

We report the detection of sudden ionospheric disturbances (SIDs) due to a Soft Gamma Ray Repeater (SGR) SGR J1550-5418. This detection was made with receiving stations of Indian Centre for Space Physics which were monitoring Very Low Frequency signals (VLFs) from the VTX transmitter located near the southern tip of Indian sub-continent. This positive detections add to the list of a handful of similar detections of other GRBs and SGRs throughout the world.

15:00         G08.5  EQUATORIAL TRAVELLING IONOSPHERIC DISTURBANCES (TIDS) COMPARED WITH MIDLATITUDE TIDS.

J. W. MacDougall, University Western Ontario, London, Ont., Canada;  M. A. Abdu, I. Batista, INPE, Sao Jose, SP, Brazil;  P. T. Jayachandram, University New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada;  R. Buriti, University Campina Grande, Campina Grande, Brazil;  G. Borba, University Natal, Natal, Brazil  

A spaced radio experiment for measuring the motions of F-region TIDs has been operated in Brazil since March 2010. The location is near the easternmost tip of Brazil at 7 deg. south latitude or about -11 deg. geomagnetic lat. These are the first systematic measurements of TIDs near the equator. The results are notably different from similar measurements at midlatitudes. It was originally expected that the TIDs in Brazil might be associated with weather disturbances in the Amazon region. However, the measurements do not seem to point to this or to any other obvious source during these measurements.

15:20         G08.6  OBSERVATIONS OF TRAVELING IONOSPHERIC DISTURBANCES ASSOCIATED WITH GEOMAGNETIC STORMS.

Z. T. Katamzi, L.-A. McKinnell, Hermanus Magnetic Observatory, HERMANUS, South Africa

Although TIDs have been observed for many years, most of the studies have been conducted in the Northern Hemisphere largely due to data limitation in the Southern Hemisphere. Therefore TID observations over the Southern Hemisphere will provide additional and complementary information on the characteristics of these structures. For this goal, studies of TIDs observed using at least three ionosondes in South Africa during and after several geomagnetic storms in 2005, 2006, 2010 and 2011 are presented. The ionosonde observations from the 2011 geomagnetic storms are further compared to HF Doppler Radar measurements.

15:40          End of the Session

GHE1 – Lightning Induced Effects in the Ionosphere and Magnetosphere, I

Session Chairs: Martin Fullekrug, Victor Pasko, Farhad Rachidi

Session     GHE1

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Thursday, August 18, 13:40-15:40

Room        Topkapi A

13:40         GHE1.1  DETAILED OBSERVATIONS OF LIGHTNING FLASHES AND PROCESSES ASSOCIATED WITH TERRESTRIAL GAMMA RAY FLASHES

S. A. Cummer1, G. Lu1, J. Li1, R. J. Blakeslee2, D. M. Smith3, J. R. Dwyer4, M. S. Briggs5, V. Connaughton5, G. J. Fishman2;  1Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; 2NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA; 3University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA; 4Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, USA; 5University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, USA

We describe recent coordinated observations of lightning and terrestrial gamma ray flashes (TGFs) that provide new insight into the detailed processes that generate this thunderstorm-driven high-energy radiation. These observations include lightning mapping array measurements of the structure and development of a lightning flash that produced a TGF, and high time resolution observations of the specific lightning processes associated with three TGFs.

14:00         GHE1.2  TERRESTRIAL GAMMA-RAY FLASH INTENSITY DISTRIBUTION

A. B. Collier1,2, T. Gjesteland3, N. Stgaard3;  1Hermanus Magnetic Observatory, Hermanus, South Africa; 2University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; 3University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway

The most probable source lightning discharges associated with TGFs detected by RHESSI are determined from WWLLN data. Of the 972 TGFs considered, matches were found for 93 events. For these the causative lightning was found to occur at distances between 51 and 769 km, with a mean distance of 314 km. The average delay between the matched WWLLN events and the corresponding TGFs was found to be Δt = -0.773 s, indicating that the TGFs preceded the lightning peak power. The distribution of matched TGFs indicates that WWLLN is more likely to identify lightning strokes associated with weaker TGFs.

14:20         GHE1.3  CONFINING THE ANGULAR DISTRIBUTION OF TGF EMISSION.

T. Gjesteland1, N. Ostgaard1, A. B. Collier2,3, B. E. Carlson1, M. B. Cohen4, N. G. Lethinen4;  1University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; 2Hermanus Magnetic Observatory, Hermanus, South Africa; 3University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; 4Stanford University, Stanford, USA

We present the first constraints on the TGF emission cone, based on accurately geolocated TGFs. The distribution of the observation angles for 106 TGFs are compared to Monte Carlo simulations. We find that TGF emissions within an isotropic half angle >30deg can generate the observations. In addition, 36 events are used for spectral analysis. The result is a significant softening of the TGF energy spectrum for large observation angles, which is consistent with a TGF emission half angle <40deg. The constraints 30-40deg indicates that the electrons which produce TGFs are accelerated in nearly vertical electric fields.

14:40         GHE1.4  THE FREQUENCY OF TERRESTRIAL GAMMA-RAY FLASH ELECTRON BEAM OBSERVATIONS

B. E. Carlson, T. Gjesteland, N. Ostgaard, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway

Terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGFs) are brief bursts of gamma-rays detected by satellites. Electrons associated with TGFs are also sometimes observed, though much less frequently as electrons are confined into narrow beams by the geomagnetic field. We present simulations of electron beam production and propagation and estimate the likelihood of satellite detection of electron beams. A Monte Carlo average comparing satellite detection frequencies indicates that electron beams overall account for ~1% of TGF observations though the average likelihood of detection varies strongly with source latitude.

15:00         GHE1.5  TARANIS - SCIENTIFIC PAYLOAD AND MISSION STRATEGY

J.-L. Pincon1, E. Blanc2, P.-L. Blelly3, M. Parrot1, J.-L. Rauch1, J.-A. Sauvaud3, E. Seran4;  1LPC2E - University of Orleans - CNRS, Orleans, France; 2DASE/LDG, CEA Bruyeres-le-Chatel, Arpajon, France; 3URAP, University of Toulouse - CNRS, Toulouse, France; 4LATMOS, IPSL - CNRS, Paris, France

On December 2010 the implementation phase of the TARANIS micro-satellite was authorized by the French space agency. TARANIS is dedicated to the study of impulsive transfers of energy between the Earth atmosphere and the space environment, and more precisely to the physics of the Transient Luminous Events (TLEs) and of the Terrestrial Gamma ray Flashes (TGFs). By 2015 TARANIS will provide combined Nadir observations of TLEs and TGFs, high resolution measurements of energetic electrons, and wave field measurements. The strategy adopted to maximize the scientific return of the data is presented.

15:20         GHE1.6  EARLY VLF EVENTS. A LOWER IONOSPHERE VLF PROPAGATION SIGNATURE COINCIDENT WITH SPRITES

C. Haldoupis, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece

Early VLF events are unique VLF propagation signatures associated with ionospheric D-region perturbations caused by tropospheric lightning. The presentation summarizes findings which establish a cause for the Early VLF phenomenon. Following a brief introduction on the topic, convincing evidence is presented showing that sprites are accompanied by Early VLF perturbations in a one-to-one correspondence. This implies that sprite generation is also capable of producing always electron density increases in the D-region which cause VLF scattering and Early VLF events. Some consequences of the results will be emphasized and hints for further research will be discussed.

15:40          End of the Session

HG4 – Active Experiments in the Ionosphere and Magnetosphere II

Session Chairs: Bo Thidé, Keith Groves

Session     HG4

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Thursday, August 18, 13:40-15:40

Room        Topkapi B

13:40         HG4.1  ELECTRON ACCELERATION AND IONIZATION PRODUCTION IN HIGH-POWER HEATING EXPERIMENTS AT HAARP

E. Mishin, Air Force Research Laboratory, Hanscom AFB, MA, United States

Recent experiments at HAARP led to discovery of artificial ionization descending from the nominal interaction altitude in the background Fregion ionosphere by 60 km. We present a physical model of an ionizing wavefront (Mishin and Pedersen, GRL, 2011). The artificial plasma sustaining interaction with the transmitted HF beam is created via enhanced ionization by suprathermal electrons accelerated by the HFexcited plasma turbulence near the critical altitude. As soon as the interaction region is ionized, it shifts toward the upwardpropagating HF beam, thereby creating an ionizing wavefront, which resembles the observed descending artificial ionospheric layers.

14:00         HG4.2  HF PROPAGATION CHARACTERISTICS OF ARTIFICIAL IONOSPHERIC LAYERS

T. Pedersen1, B. Reinisch2, V. Paznukhov3, R. Hamel2;  1Air Force Research Laboratory, Hanscom AFB, MA, United States; 2Lowell Digisonde International, Lowell, MA, United States; 3Boston College, Boston, MA, United States

We analyze remote oblique ionosonde echoes from artificial ionospheric layers produced by high-power HF heating and find the remote echoes to be qualitatively similar to direct echoes received at the transmitter site, for several different locations of the artificial structure. The artificial layers can have higher critical frequencies and maximum useable frequencies (MUF) than the background ionosphere, and echo amplitudes can be significantly stronger even accounting for the difference in propagation path lengths.

14:20         HG4.3  DOWNWARD PROPAGATING IONIZATION STRUCTURES OBSERVED BY UHF RADAR SCATTERING OF HF-ENHANCED ION-LINES AT THE HAARP IONOSPHERIC-MODIFICATION FACILITY

B. Watkins, C. Fallen, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States

The MUIR UHF radar at the HAARP ionospheric modification facility has been operated in a number of experiments where the HF-enhanced ion-line has been used to monitor the ionospheric density variations. The altitude of the enhanced ion-line signals moves downward in response to increasing electron density variations that result from temperature-dependent ion chemistry, and for the special gyro-resonant case additional ionization is produced due to local electron acceleration near the altitude of the ion-line signals. The characteristics of these signals and their relation to optical emissions and model results will be presented.

14:40         HG4.4  AN ANALYSIS OF PUMP-INDUCED ARTIFICIAL IONOSPHERIC ION UPWELLING AT EISCAT

M. J. Kosch, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom;  Y. Ogawa, National Institute of Polar Research, Tokyo, Japan;  M. T. Rietveld, EISCAT Scientific Association, Ramfjordmoen, Norway;  S. Nozawa, R. Fujii, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan  

Ion outflow from the high-latitude ionosphere is an important source of plasma for the magnetosphere. Pumping the ionosphere with high-power high-frequency radio waves causes electron heating, sometimes accompanied by ion upwelling. The pump-enhanced electron temperatures reached ~4000 K above 350 km, and ion velocity reached ~300 m/s above 500 km altitude. Between 450 and 600 km the electron pressure gradient correlates equally with ion acceleration and ion velocity, which represents the transition altitude to free ion acceleration. The electron gas pressure gradient can explain ion upwelling, at least up to 600 km altitude.

15:00         HG4.5  GPS-TEC VARIATIONS, GENERATED IN MIDLATITUDE AND HIGHLATITUDE IONOSPHERE BY POWERFUL HF-HEATING

V. E. Kunitsyn, A. M. Padokin, E. S. Andreeva, M.Lomonosov Moscow State University, Physics Faculty, Moscow, Russia;  V. L. Frolov, G. P. Komrakov, Radiophysical Research Institute, N. Novgorod, Russia;  N. F. Blagoveshchenskaya, Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia;  M. T. Rietveld, EISCAT Scientific Association, Ramfjordbotn, Norway  

In this work we report on the results of the ionospheric heating experiments, which were carried out at the Sura (Russia) and EISCAT/Heating (Norway) facilities during several heating campaigns in 2009 and 2010. We present experimental evidences for the influence of the electron density perturbations, induced by HF-heating in the midlatitude and highlatitude ionosphere, on the GNSS radio signals. Variations in the total electron content (TEC), proportional to the reduced phases of navigational signals, were studied. Examples of the identification of the heating-induced variations in TEC, including determination of the amplitudes and temporal characteristics are presented.

15:20         HG4.6  THE EISCAT HIGH POWER HF RADAR CAPABILITY

M. T. Rietveld, EISCAT Scientific Association, Ramfjordmoen, Norway;  J. Markkanen, EISCAT Scientific Association, Sodankyla, Finland;  A. Westman, EISCAT Scientific Association, Kiruna, Sweden;  M. Postila, Sodankyla Geophysical Observatory, Sodankyla, Finland;  A. Senior, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK  

The EISCAT HF facility (ionospheric heater) near Tromso, Norway, has been upgraded to function as a radar. One antenna array has been converted for receiving use, covering 5.5-8 MHz. With the new HF receiver the facility is capable of operating simultaneously as a heater and a radar. The experiments to be performed are probing of the mesosphere and ionosphere using the artificial periodic irregularity (API) technique where the facility is used both as heater and as a radar, mesospheric sounding while actively modulating polar mesospheric summer echoes (PMSE), and sounding the magnetosphere for coherent echoes associated with aurora.

15:40          End of the Session

J08 – Spectrum Management Issues and RFI Mitigation

Session Chair: Anastasios Tzioumis

Session     J08

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Thursday, August 18, 13:40-15:20

Room        Marmara

13:40         J08.1  IUCAF ACTIVITY IN 2008 - 2011

M. Ohishi, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Tokyo, Japan

IUCAF activity between 2008 and 2011 is reported. IUCAF members actively participate in relevant studies conducted in the International Telecommunication Union towards protection of radio astronomy, Earth observations, and other passive radio sciences. IUCAF members also attended to and presented papers in international, regional, and national URSI and COSPAR meetings. IUCAF held the 3rd Summer School on Spectrum Management in Tokyo, Japan.

14:00         J08.2  RADIO ASTRONOMY AT THE WORLD RADIOCOMMUNICATION CONFERENCE 2012

T. E. Gergely, National Science Foundation, Arlington, VA, United States

World Radiocommunication Conferences revise the Radio Regulations. The next WRC, to be held in January, 2012, will deal with some items of interest to the radio astronomy community, e.g. the revision of footnote 5.565 that deals with spectrum uses above 275 GHz. Other agenda items that deal with allocations of certain bands to active services are also of interest, as these may result in increased interference into radio astronomy bands unless mitigated by regulatory measures. I discuss the agenda items of interest to the radio astronomy community and what action can be expected on these at the WRC.

14:20         J08.3  RFI MITIGATION IN RADIO ASTRONOMY

W. A. Baan, ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Dwingeloo, Netherlands

Changing observing strategies and the increased sensitivity of radio astronomy observatories have made radio frequency interference an important operational factor. All interference entering the data will result in data loss and observing inefficiency. This paper presents the mitigation methods to be implemented in observational systems to combat interference and to reduce its impact.

14:40         J08.4  INTERFERENCE DETECTION RESULTS WITH LOFAR

A. R. Offringa, Kapteyn Astronomical Institute Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands;  A. G. de Bruyn, Kapteyn Astronomical Institute Groningen and ASTRON, Dwingeloo, Netherlands  

The AOFlagger interference detection strategy, a completely automated pipeline, was extensively tested on LOFAR data, and it was shown that it is faster and more accurate than other existing flaggers on LOFAR data. Early results of the epoch of reionisation (EoR) project confirm the performance and stability of the AOFlagger. Statistics of the first LOFAR EoR data show a relatively benign radio environment for astronomy, where only a few per cent of the data is flagged due to interference. An interference monitoring observation was recorded to make an inventory on the current interference situation of LOFAR.

15:00         J08.5  RADIO QUIET ZONES AND THE SQUARE KILOMETRE ARRAY

W. van Driel, Paris Observatory, Meudon, France

The goal of the Square Kilometre Array is to increase the sensitivity of radio telescopes a hundred-fold in the frequency range of ~70 MHz to 10 GHz. In order to exploit its tremendous scientific capabilities it should be made as robust as possible against Radio Frequency Interference (RFI). An essential step is the establishment of a Radio Quiet Zone, in which regulatory and other legislative measures will ensure acceptable levels of unwanted emissions. An overview will be given of the principles underlying the establishment of Radio Quiet Zones in general, and their application to the Square Kilometre Array case.

15:20          End of the Session

K07 – Biomedical Applications: Imaging and Brain Mapping

Session Chairs: Frank Prato, Shoogo Ueno

Session     K07

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Thursday, August 18, 13:40-15:40

Room        Loft

13:40         K07.1  RECENT ADVANCES IN TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION: FROM FIRST PRINCIPLES TO MEDICAL APPLICATIONS

S. Ueno, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a tool to stimulate the brain transcranially by a coil positioned on the surface of the head. By using a figure-eight coil, localized area of the brain can be stimulated, which enables us to study dynamic neuronal connectivity in the brain non-invasively. The EEG measurements just after TMS reveal the dynamic propagation of exciting fronts in the human brain. This paper reviews the principles of magnetic stimulation of nerve tissues and brain, and discusses the usefulness and problems of the TMS for cognitive science and treatments of brain diseases such as depression.

14:00         K07.2  IMAGING CONDUCTIVITY USING ELECTRIC PROPERTIES TOMOGRAPHY INITIAL CLINICAL RESULTS IN GLIOMA PATIENTS

T. Voigt, Philips Research, London, United Kingdom

This work shows that conductivity distributions can be reconstructed from phase images of the RF transmit field obtained in standard magnetic resonance imaging. Three-dimensional in vivo conductivity maps of the human brain are obtained in 6 min with 1.8 mm in-plane resolution. We report first practical experiences of conductivity imaging in patients with brain glioma in a real-world clinical environment. In vivo conductivity of glioma is measured for two patients and quantitative values are compared with white matter conductivities of healthy volunteers. Glioma conductivity was found to be significantly higher than healthy white matter conductivity.

14:20         K07.3  SIMULTANEOUS EEG/EMG/FMRI: A POWERFUL HYBRID-IMAGING WINDOW ON BRAIN ACTIVATION PATTERNS DURING AND FOLLOWING TIME-VARYING MAGNETIC STIMULI

A. G. Legros, J. Cates, J. Robertson, J. Modolo, N. Juen, J. Miller, F. Prato, A. Thomas, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada

Bioelectromagnetics is a rapidly expanding research domain investing the interaction between electromagnetic stimuli and biological systems. Hybrid functional imaging is a growing domain with promising developments, opening new multidimensional windows on brain processing. Our group started to use functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) in counter-balanced blinded studies to investigate the effects of magnetic field exposure on brain activation in specific tasks. Results showed modulations of task-induced brain activation associated with exposure, suggesting increased haptic sensitivity. We are now proceeding to the next step by integrating electroencephalography, electromyography and fMRI to study exposure levels generating magnetophosphenes in healthy volunteers.

14:40         K07.4  ULTRA-LOW-FIELD MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING COMBINED WITH MAGNETOENCEPHALOGRAPHY

R. J. Ilmoniemi1, S. Alanko1, J. Dabek1, F.-H. Lin1,2,3, J. O. Nieminen1, M. Pollari1, P. T. Vesanen1, K. Zevenhoven1;  1Aalto University, Espoo, Finland; 2National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; 3Martinos Center, Charlestown, MA, United States

Human brain activity can be monitored with magnetoencephalography (MEG) by measuring the femtotesla-level extracerebral magnetic fields with SQUID magnetometers. On the other hand, the structure of the brain can be determined with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), where the fields may be 15 orders of magnitude higher, ruling out simultaneous MEG. Recently, simultaneous MRI and MEG has been demonstrated: the trick is prepolarization at about 0.1 tesla and MRI at about 0.1 mT. A hybrid multichannel helmet-shaped MEG-MRI device under development, which will be capable of simultaneous ultra-low-field MRI and MEG, will be described.

15:00         K07.5  HYBRID BRAIN IMAGING WITH MRI/PET

F. S. Prato1,2, R. T. Thompson1,2, R. Z. Stodilka1,2, H. R. Marshall1,2, T. Devito3, J. A. Robertson1,2, A. W. Thomas1,2, J. Theberge1,2;  1Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Canada; 2University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; 3Siemens, London, Canada

Hybrid imaging and mapping of the brain has been a growing area. This has been driven by: a) the complimentary information provided by different technologies and b) the growing awareness that functional, metabolic and molecular events often occur in times too short to be captured by sequential imaging by different modalities. To address these needs Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) have been integrated into one platform. To achieve this PET technology had to be significantly modified and MR technology appropriately adapted. The technical challenges that have been met and the future benefits anticipated will be presented.

15:20         K07.6  ADVANCES IN NEURO DIAGNOSTICS BASED ON MICROWAVE TECHNOLOGY, TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION AND EEG SOURCE LOCALIZATION

M. Persson, T. McKelvey, A. Fhager, Y. Shirvany, A. Chodorowski, Q. Mahmood, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden;  F. Edelevik, 2Fraunhofer-Chalmers Research Centre for Industrial Mathematic, Gothenburg, Sweden;  M. Thordstein, A. Hedstrm, M. Elam, 3The Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden  

Advances in neuro diagnostics based on microwave technology, transcranial magnetic stimulation and EEG source localization is presented. The first example is neuro diagnostics based on a microwave antenna system in terms of a helmet including a set of broad band patch antennas. It is demonstrated that classification algorithms can be used to detect internal bleeding in stroke patients. The second example deals with transcranial magnetic stimulation, with the help of integrated image guidance. The third example is deals with electroencephalography and the associated model based diagnostics as a non-invasive tool.

15:40          End of the Session

F08 – System Aspects: Antennas, Calibration, and Interference

Session Chairs: Saul Torrico, Madhu Chandra

Session     F08

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Thursday, August 18, 14:40-15:40

Room        Haliç

14:40         F08.1  PARABOLIC TORUS REFLECTOR ANTENNA WITH ASYMMETRIC MULTIPLE BEAMS

J. A. Bava, A. Maltz, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina;  M. Garavaglia, Centro de Investigaciones Opticas (CIOp) and Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina  

This paper describes the preliminary design and construction of a development model of antennas proposed to be installed on satellites as microwave radiometers (MWR, Microwave Water Radiometer), at K and Ka bands. These instruments will be dedicated to study the global water cycle while analyzing geophysical parameters. Several antennas have been studied between the 23.8 GHz and 36.5 GHz frequencies to obtain a design which fulfills the technical requirements. An optimal result was obtained with multiple beam torus reflector antennas with an asymmetric feed array. The measured results are shown.

15:00         F08.2  ELECTROMAGNETIC ANALYSIS OF RADIOMETER CALIBRATION TARGETS USING FINITE DIFFERENCE TIME DOMAIN METHOD

S. Sandeep, A. J. Gasiewski, University of Colorado,Boulder, Boulder,CO, United States;  D. K. Walker, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder,CO, United States  

Precise calibration of radiometers for many Earth remote sensing applications require knowledge of the brightness temperature when viewing a calibration target to within a precision of 100 mK or better. The targets are typically periodic arrays of wedges or pyramids constructed of a thermally-conductive substrate coated with a thin layer of microwave absorbing material. To study calibration target emission a general three dimensional FDTD engine was developed. The performance of calibration target configurations of varying coating thickness, base width, height and base to height ratio is examined. Results important for radiometer calibration obtained from this work will be presented

15:20         F08.3  INCREASING OF THE EFFICIENCY OF INTERFERENCE SUPPRESSION IN MM-BAND DOPPLER RADARS

Y. V. Goncharenko, V. Gorobets, Institute of Radiophysics and electronics of NAS of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine;  V. Gutnik, Institute of Radio Astronomy of NAS of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine  

The statistical characteristics of terrain clutters backscattering in mm-band are presented. It is shown that the signals, reflected from deciduous trees are nonstationary in most cases. This phenomenon is due to high spatial resolution of mm-band radars. The influence of signal, reflected from vegetation, on MTI systems operation is analyzed.

15:40          End of the Session


 

AB3 – Antenna Measurement

Session Chairs: William Davis, Ozlem Kilic

Session     AB3

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Friday, August 19, 08:00-10:40

Room        Dolmabahçe C

08:00         AB3.1  CORRUGATED DUAL BAND WAVEGUIDE AND EM SIGNAL GENERATORS AN OVERVIEW FOR FUTURE SATELLITE COMMUNICATION POSSIBILITIES

R. Todd, D. Linton, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom;  G. Stafford, T. Huang, Global Invacom Ltd, Stevenage, United Kingdom;  M. O'Droma, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland  

We present an overview of work carried out to design, manufacture and test a corrugated waveguide section for a feedhorn, suitable for a reflector antenna to receive digital satellite television. A system has been designed to carry circularly polarized waves in a two concentric waveguide system. Waveguide transitions are also designed, constructed and tested in linear polarization to permit the testing of the corrugated section. Initial results show that the signal generators measured performance is comparable to simulation results.

08:20         AB3.2  ANALYSING OF THE FEED LINE AND THE SHROUD EFFECTS ON A REFLECTOR ANTENNA PERFORMANCE

M. E. Grcan, E. Baþaran, B. Tretken, TBÝTAK BÝLGEM UEKAE, Kocaeli, Turkey

If the design of the reflector antenna is made without considering the implemantation stage, high gain, low sidelobe and backlobe level criterions can not be provided. To manage this performance reduction, some improvements should be added to the design in the theoretical design stage. This paper propose two analysis for increasing the performance of the reflector antenna. The first analysis is choosing the feedline mechanism and the second one is the effect of shroud usage. These analysis are made for an X-band waveguide fed prime focus reflector antenna. Numerical results and chosen design configuration are also presented.

08:40         AB3.3  A NEW REFLECTOR ANTENNA DESIGN PROVIDING TWO DIFFERENT PATTERNS

B. Doken, ITU, Informatics Instutute, istanbul, Turkey;  I. Gungor, ITU, Institute of science and technology, istanbul, Turkey;  M. Kartal, ITU, electric and electronic faculty, istanbul, Turkey  

This work is proposed to design a reflector antenna that provides both fan beam and cosecant squared pattern by using a FSS. For the simulation and optimization of the antenna, high frequency simulation software (HFSS) and SUPERNEC antenna simulation programs are used.

09:00         AB3.4  INVESTIGATIONS INTO HEM12δ MODE RADIATING FROM A CYLINDRICAL DIELECTRIC RESONATOR ANTENNA

A. Banerjee, D. Guha, Institute of Radio Physics and Electronics, University of Calcutta, India, WEST BENGAL, India

There are many resonant modes are known in a cylindrical dielectric resonator (CDR), where only two could be used for antenna or radiation purpose. The HEM12δ mode other than those (HEM11δ and TM01δ) conventionally excited and used in a cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna (CDRA) has been examined with a view to using it as a new radiating mode using an innovative technique. In this paper a complete study is given about the possibilities of using this HEM12δ mode as a radiating mode and its limitations.

09:20          Tea/Coffee Break

09:40         AB3.5  A COMPARISON OF A FINITE AND AN INFINITE ANTENNA ARRAY WITH CYLINDRICAL DIELECTRIC RESONATOR ELEMENTS

A. Motevasselian, A. Ellgardt, B. L. G. Jonsson, KTH, Stockholm, Sweden

In this paper we compare radiation patterns and mutual coupling in finite and infinite arrays of dielectric resonator antenna. It is observed that the degree of the mutual coupling for non-edge elements is close to the mutual coupling between the corresponding elements in the infinite array. However, a large difference is observed in the mutual coupling between the center element and corner elements in the finite array with respect to the corresponding elements in the infinite array. The coupling is strongest in the E-plane and it is shown how it changes the embedded element patterns in the array.

10:00         AB3.6  SOME CONSIDERATIONS OF AN ANTENNA IN A HIGH GAIN CONFIGURATION

S. Weiss, US Army Research Lab, Adelphi, MD, United States

Planar antenna structures may be configured to realize high gain with appropriate layering including a Superstrate layer of high permittivity. Such antennas were first understood in terms of transmission line theory optimizing gain using a quarter-wave transformer argument. When an actual antenna is constructed, the planar surface can significantly affect the high gain calculations. The high gain of the antenna must then be reconciled with the fundamental concept of aperture size versus directivity.

10:20         AB3.7  MEASUREMENT OF BALANCED ANTENNAS USING MIXED-MODE NETWORK PARAMETERS

N. Yang, C. Caloz, K. Wu, Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal, Montreal, Canada

Balanced antennas are conventionally measured using probe-integrated or external baluns between the unbalanced port of instrument and their balanced ports. This paper proposes a new measurement method based on mixed-mode parameters to experimentally characterize balanced antennas. With this method, the balanced antenna is measured as a single-ended two-port device and the need for baluns is suppressed, which increases the accuracy, enhances the frequency range, and reduces the cost and complexity of the measurement setup.

10:40          End of the Session

B10 – Beam Methods

Session Chair: Timor Melamed

Session     B10

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Friday, August 19, 08:00-10:20

Room        Anadolu Auditorium

08:00         B10.1  TRANSIENT PLANE-WAVE DECOMPOSITION OF REFLECTED TE GAUSSIAN-BEAM FROM MOVING DIELECTRIC-MAGNETIC PLANAR INTERFACE

T. Melamed, I. Adar, B. Shetzer, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel

This paper is concerned with applying transient plane-wave decomposition for scattering of a pulsed-beam from a fast moving planar dielectric discontinuity under the frame work of Special Relativity.

08:20         B10.2  ERROR ANALYSIS OF THE GAUSSIAN BEAM SUMMATION METHOD FOR ULTRA WIDE-BAND RADIATION IN INHOMOGENEOUS MEDIUM

Y. Kaganovsky, E. Heyman, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel

We address issues related to the accuracy of the beam summation method (BSM) for ultra wide-band radiation in inhomogeneous medium. In the BSM, the field is expanded using a lattice of beam propagators that are tracked locally in the medium. As a test bed for the accuracy of the BSM, we derive a solution for a beam in a general plane stratified medium which is valid beyond the paraxial regime. We then use it to derive bounds on the error away from the beam axis, and to obtain rules for optimizing the choice of the parameters in the BSM.

08:40         B10.3  FIELD EXPANSIONS IN TERMS OF CONICAL AND LOCALIZED BEAMS

M. Casaletti, E. Martini, S. Maci, University of Siena, Siena, Italy

This paper compares some methods for computing aperture radiated fields by means of localized and conical (non localized) beams. All types of beams can be generated in a simple way starting from the spectral-domain radiation integral, by expanding the aperture electric field spectrum in a sum of complex exponentials using the Generalised Pencil-of-Function (GPOF) method. This operation provides a closed-form representation of the radiation integral. Two different beam expansions are derived from the same spectral GPOF process, which possess different properties with respect to the number of beams required to get a certain accuracy.

09:00         B10.4  GAUSSIAN-BEAM TRANSMISSION FORMULA

T. Hansen, Seknion Inc, Boston, MA, United States

An exact Gaussian-beam transmission formula is presented for the output of a receiving transducer due to the field of a transmitting transducer. The field of the transmitting transducer is expressed in terms of a Gaussian-beam transmitting characteristic and Gaussian beams propagating in all directions. The output of the receiving transducer is expressed in terms of a Gaussian-beam receiving characteristic and the output of Gaussian-beam receivers. The branch-cut disks for both transmission and reception are centered at the reference point of the transducer. The transmission formula provides an efficient way of computing near-field interactions.

09:20          Tea/Coffee Break

09:40         B10.5  PRACTICAL REALIZATION OF A MICROWAVE BESSEL BEAM LAUNCHER

O. Manzhura, E. Niver, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States;  M. A. Salem, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia  

An experimental setup is realized to practically generate Bessel beams in the microwave regime. The setup, which consists of a series of circular loop antennas inserted coaxially inside a circular metallic waveguide, excites the waveguides transverse-electric modes such that their superposition forms a Bessel beam at the open-end of the waveguide. The excitation currents are calculated from the needed excitation coefficients of each guided mode, which, in turn, are calculated from the modal decomposition of the beam. The efficiency of the setup is evaluated and the obtained experimental results are compared to the theoretical estimates.

10:00         B10.6  CIRCULAR ANTENNA ARRAY FOR MICROWAVE BESSEL BEAM GENERATION

P. Lemaitre-Auger, Grenoble INP, Valence, France;  S. Abielmona, C. Caloz, Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal, Montreal, Canada  

A circular antenna array (CAA) is proposed and demonstrated for the generation of optimal pseudo-Bessel beams at millimeter-wave frequencies. Numerical simulations show that a 91-element array produces a Bessel beam of a 7 lambda main lobe width over a distance of 180 lambda. Based on this report, it is suggested that Bessel beams may provide a unique solution to millimeter-wave quasi-optical systems by providing highly focused beams with small-sized antennas.

10:20          End of the Session

C11 – Power Amplifier Considerations for Software Radio Systems

Session Chair: Yves Louët

Session     C11

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Friday, August 19, 08:00-10:40

Room        Dolmabahçe A

08:00         C11.1  JOINT SPECTRUM ACCESS SCHEME FOR PEAK POWER CONTROL IN COGNITIVE RADIOS

S. Hussain, NUST, Rawalpindi, Pakistan;  Y. Louet, J. Palicot, SUPELEC, Rennes, France  

High Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) causes signal distortions at PA stage. This phenomenon is studied in Cognitive Radio context where secondary users access the free spectrum in order to transmit data as well as specifically optimized carriers in order to tackle the high PAPR problem.

08:20         C11.2  BEHAVIOURAL ANALYSIS OF WIRELESS OFDM SIGNAL AMPLIFICATION THROUGH NONLINEAR POWER AMPLIFIERS

M. S. O'Droma, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland;  Y. Lei, Peking University, Beijing, China  

Four signal representation approaches are combined with a Bessel-Fourier PA envelope behavioural model of a GaN memoryless nonlinear power amplifier (PA) to reveal insights into the nonlinear amplification of multicarrier OFDM signals. Isolating and analyzing different orders of intermodulation product (IMP) impairment, the impact of higher order IMPs on ACPR degradation in the second and higher adjacent channel bands and how that is the determining factor for the PAs upper limit operating point and power conversion efficiency, rather than the ACPR in the first adjacent band or the inband EVM degradation, may be shown.

08:40         C11.3  ON THE LINKS BETWEEN PEAK TO AVERAGE POWER RATIO FOR CONVENTIONAL RF POWER AMPLIFIERS AND PEAK TO AVERAGE DURATION RATIO FOR SWITCHING MODE POWER AMPLIFIERS

G. Baudoin1, A. Diet2, M. Villegas1;  1Universit Paris Est, Noisy Le Grand, France; 2Universit PARIS-SUD 11, Gif sur Yvette, France

For conventional RF power amplifier (PA), the power efficiency depends on the peak to average power ratio (PAPR) of the input signal, or more precisely on the statistical distribution of the input signal amplitude. In this paper we show that, in a similar way, the power efficiency of switching mode PA driven by ΣΔ or PWM signals depends on the statistical distribution of input signal the states and on a parameter equal to the Peak to Average Duration Ratio. This parameter is related to the PAPR in a way depending on the type of encoding of PA input signals.

09:00         C11.4  JOINT STUDY OF PAPR REDUCTION AND DIGITAL PREDISTORTION

A. Gouba, Y. Louet, IETR/SUPELC, Rennes, France

Within the issue of transmission of signals with no constant envelope as OFDM for example, the Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) reduction and the linearization are nowadays the two solutions proposed to deal the effects of the nonlinearities of the power amplifiers. In spite of their interdependence, these two solutions are separately studied. This can degrade their common performance once stakes together because of opposite effects. In this paper, based on Rapp's memoryless amplifier, we demonstrate that predistortion increase the signal's PAPR and then proposed a joint combination scheme of "clipping and filtering" and polynomial predistortion.

09:20          Tea/Coffee Break

09:40         C11.5  DOHERTY POWER AMPLIFIERS IN SOFTWARE RADIO SYSTEMS

F. Ghannouchi, K. Rawat, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada

Power amplification in software defined radio needs reconfigurabilty as well as optimum performance in terms of linearity and efficiency to handle different modulation standards (and hence carrier and modulation bandwidth). Since digital predistortion is now widely accepted as highly suitable solutions for linearization in a reconfigurable perspective. Hence, this technique in conjunction with multi-band Doherty power amplifiers finds a potential solution for reconfigurable-multi-band software defined radio transmitter. This paper demonstrates the current state-of art for such transmitters, including a brief discussion about the available design methodology for the dual-band Doherty power amplifier.

10:00         C11.6  DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS OF A 10 GHZ HELIX TWT

E. Korkmaz1,2, I. Araz2, A. Dursun2, K. Yeðin3;  1Fatih University, Istanbul, Turkey; 2TUBITAK, Gebze, Turkey; 3Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey

This paper discusses the design considerations of a 10 GHz helix traveling wave tube using commercial electromagnetic simulation software CST-PIC/MWS. The dispersion characteristics of the TWT have been analyzed by modeling of a single turn electron-free slice in eigenmode solver. The return loss optimization of the input-output couplers is performed by using of transient solver. The complete model has been simulated and analyzed in particle in cell solver and the results are presented.

10:20         C11.7  DIGITAL PREDISTORTION CHALLENGES IN THE CONTEXT OF SOFTWARE DEFINED TRANSMITTERS

S. Boumaiza, F. Mkaddem, M. Ben Ayed, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada

This paper discusses the challenges associated with the application of the digital predistortion (DPD) technique in the context of software defined transmitters. Given the importance of the DPD technique for compensating for the sources of distortions, and consequently improving the tradeoff between the linearity and the power efficiency, this paper examines the sensitivity of two DPD schemes, namely Memory Polynomial and the Two Hidden Layer Artificial Neural Networks, to the frequent changes in the characteristics (such as the modulation bandwidth, probability density function, peak-to-average ratio) of the software-defined transmitters input signals.

10:40          End of the Session

DAF1 – Enabling Technologies for Millimeter and THz Wave Applications

Session Chairs: Rene Beigang, Nachappa Gopalsami, Hakan Altan, Tadao Nagatsuma

Session     DAF1

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Friday, August 19, 08:00-10:40

Room        Dolmabahçe B

08:00         DAF1.1  PERIODIC ARRAY OF CHIRAL METAMATERIAL-DIELECTRIC SLABS FOR THE APPLICATION AS TERAHERTZ POLARIZATION ROTATOR

C. Sabah, H. G. Roskos, J. W. Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

This study proposes a stratified chiral metamaterial as a polarization rotator for terahertz regime. Combination of chiral constituent with dielectrics permits optimization of spectral filter and polarization rotation properties. The lack of suitable wave-plates for terahertz region opens the way for novel component/devices enabling polarization control. With the aid of a new class of metamaterials, the capability of the fabrication of multilayer structures for polarization rotator realization can be increased. We can generate either polarization-rotation combs or narrow rotation bands with very good and broad sideband suppression, of interest for example for data transmission or sensing purposes.

08:20         DAF1.2  METAMATERIAL-BASED OPTICAL COMPONENTS FOR THZ RADIATION

J. Neu1, B. Krolla1, O. Paul1, B. Reinhard1, P. Weis1, V. Wollrab1, J. L. Garcia Pomar1,2, R. Beigang1,2, M. Rahm1,2;  1University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany; 2Fraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques, Freiburg/Kaiserslautern, Germany

We present different metamaterial-based optical components that open exciting new ways to deliberately manipulate the spatial or spectral properties of terahertz (THz) radiation. As specific examples we discuss the design, fabrication and optical characterization of a 3-layer gradient index (GRIN) lens that allows one to focus THz radiation to a spot diameter in the order of one wavelength. Other optical THz components include bandpass filters, wave plates and plasmonic near field sensors.

08:40         DAF1.3  TERAHERTZ WAVE APPLICATIONS USING PHOTONIC TECHNOLOGIES

H.-J. Song, K. Ajito, N. Shimizu, N. Kukutsu, NTT Corporation, Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan;  T. Nagatsuma, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan  

We present a potential of photonic technologies originally developed for fiber-optic communications for use in contemporary terahertz-wave applications and demonstrate several examples, including a high-precision timecontinuous terahertz-wave signal and terahertz-wave band noise generators, sensing and imaging with CW and noise signals, and wireless communications. In addition, recent progress of uni-travelling photodiodes, key component of this work, is also presented.

09:00         DAF1.4  TERAHERTZ WAVE EMISSION FROM LAYERED SUPERCONDUCTORS: INTERFEROMETER MEASUREMENTS

L. Ozyuzer, F. Turkoglu, Y. Demirhan, H. Koseoglu, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey;  S. Preu, D. Ploss, S. Malzer, Y. Simsek, P. Muller, University of Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Germany;  H. B. Wang, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan  

Rectangular Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ (Bi2212) mesa structures were fabricated on as-grown Bi2212 single crystal superconductors using standard photolithography and Ar ion beam etching techniques. We have performed c-axis resistance versus temperature (R-T), current-voltage (I-V) characteristics and bolometer measurements. Furthermore, in contrast to previous studies, the emission frequency was determined using interferometer set up instead of FTIR. The interference patterns were detected outside the cryostat after traveling long way through ambient space. The emission frequency calculated by Fourier transform of interference data is consistent with Josephson frequency-voltage relation.

09:20          Tea/Coffee Break

10:00         DAF1.6  NONLINEAR OPTICAL WAVEGUIDE FOR THZ TOMOGRAPHY

K. Kawase1,2;  1Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; 2RIKEN, Sendai, Japan

We proposed a prism-coupled Cherenkov phase-matchingmethod, in which a prism with a suitable refractive index at THz frequencies was coupled to a crystal. We demonstrated THz wave generation using the DAST crystal to prove the principle of PCC-PM. We obtained THz wave radiation with wide-tunability without deep absorption features. We also demonstrated spectral flat broadband THz pulse generation using LiNbO3 plate under PCC-PM condition pumped by a fs fiber laser. The obtained temporal THz waveform was an ideal half cycle pulse which is suitable for reflection tomography.

10:20         DAF1.7  TERAHERTZ LIGHT AMPLIFICATION OF STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION IN OPTICALLY PUMPED GRAPHENE

T. Otsuji1,2, S. A. Boubanga Tombet1, S. Chan3, T. Watanabe1, A. Satou1,2, M. Ryzhii4,2, V. Ryzhii4,2;  1Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan; 2JST, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan; 3University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; 4University of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu, Fukushima, Japan

The gapless and linear energy spectra of electrons and holes in graphene lead to nontrivial features such as negative dynamic conductivity in the terahertz spectral range. This paper reviews recent advances in theoretical and experimental study on terahertz light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation in optically pumped graphene.

10:40          End of the Session

E09 – Lightning and Related Effects II

Session Chairs: Vladimir A. Rakov, Z. Kawasaki

Session     E09

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Friday, August 19, 08:00-09:20

Room        Galata

08:00         E09.1  INTERCONNECTIONS IN BUILDINGS IMPROVE LIGHTNING PROTECTION

A. P. J. van Deursen, G. Bargboer, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands

Two simplified models for a large building are compared for their lightning protection properties, one without and one with interconnecting conductive elements. The dimension is 69 x 19 m. At frequencies below 10 MHz, the additional elements provide a skin-effect like protection of the building interior. The benefits of the interconnections at high frequencies are the suppression of resonances and shifting these to still higher frequencies where lightning is less prominent.

08:20         E09.2  KAROO ARRAY TELESCOPE: LIGHTNING PROTECTION ISSUES AND RFI

P. G. Wiid, H. C. Reader, R. H. Geschke, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa

A computational electromagnetic (CEM) code and a reduced scale model were used to characterize the design of the Karoo Array Telescope (MeerKAT), South Africa's demonstrator for the Square Kilometer Array (SKA). Different excitation techniques were used in the CEM code and are compared to actual scale model measurements in an anechoic chamber. With verified computational modeling, the optimized lightning down conductor layout and earth termination system interconnections were investigated, keeping cost and RFI in mind.

08:40         E09.3  EXAMINING LIGHTNING CHANNEL ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES WITH TIME DOMAIN FRACTAL LIGHTNING MODELING

B. E. Carlson1, C. Liang2, N. G. Lehtinen2, M. B. Cohen2, D. S. Lauben2, U. S. Inan2,3;  1University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; 2Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; 3Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey

The electrical properties of the lightning channel are complex and poorly-understood. The Time Domain Fractal Lightning model (TDFL) connects these electrical properties to the resulting electromagnetic signals for realistic lightning channels. We present preliminary results from applying the TDFL to a simple model of negative leader stepping and compare the results to observations. The comparison shows qualitative agreement but demonstrates that more complex behavior such as the leader corona sheath must be included to construct an accurate model. This suggests that leader physics can be profitably studied with electromagnetic simulations such as the TDFL.

09:00         E09.4  SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL PATTERNS IN LIGHTNING DISCHARGES AS A PROXY OF THUNDERSTORM CHARACTERISTICS

M. B. Cohen1, F. G. Zoghzoghy1, R. K. Said1, U. S. Inan1,2;  1Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States; 2Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey

Lightning is nature's way of destroying electrical buildup in thunderclouds. Thus, the pattern of lightning activity is inherently a proxy measure of the timescales for charge separation and the lateral extent of the charge reunification in a flash. Using data from lightning stroke geolocation networks such as NLDN and GLD360, we deduce statistically the charge buildup time by observing the suppression of the probability of two nearby flashes (an effect which fades away). We characterize this suppression effect for different storms, and as a function of storm phase and lightning parameters such as peak current and polarity.

09:20          End of the Session

F09 – Disaster Management

Session Chairs: Orhan Altan, Jean Isnard

Session     F09

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Friday, August 19, 08:00-10:40

Room        Haliç

08:00         F09.1  KEY SCIENTIFIC ISSUES OF PRESENT DAY DISASTER MANAGEMENT SCENARIO

O. Altan, ITU-ISPRS, Istanbul, Turkey

Governments, international organizations and research institutions worldwide have set to work to improve disaster management in all its phases: mitigation, preparedness, relief and response, and recovery and reconstruction. Many governments have put the formation of a hazard-resistant and disaster coping society on their political agenda as an important factor of sustainable economic development and better quality of civil life. In this respect, the awareness of new geospatial technologies and their successful utilization in disaster management is becoming crucial. These technologies are emerging very fast. Meteorological and earth observation satellites, communication satellites and satellite-based navigation and positioning systems may help to improve prediction and monitoring of potential hazards, risk mitigation and disaster management, contributing in turn to reduce losses of life and property. Global navigation satellites and earth observation satellites have already demonstrated their flexibility in providing data for a broad range of applications: weather forecasting, vehicle tracking, disaster alerting, forest fire and flood monitoring, oil spill detection, desertification monitoring, and crop and forestry damage assessment. Monitoring and management of recent natural disasters have greatly benefited from satellite imagery, such as the Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004, floods (Austria, Romania, Switzerland, and Germany in 2005), hurricanes (USA in 2005), forest fires (Portugal, France, Greece, Australia in 2005, 2008), earthquakes (Pakistan in 2005, Indonesia in 2006, Haiti 2010) and lastly in Japan. With this presentation the presenter will try to demonstrate how Space Technology (Geoinformation Technology) can be efficiently integrated into disaster management, encompassing data collection (remote sensing, sensor networks, and mobile systems), data processing, and production of maps, which are further integrated, analyzed and visualized in GIS/Web-GIS.

08:20         F09.2  TROPOSPHERIC PROPAGATION EFFECTS IN SAR IMAGING AND WEATHER OBSERVATION

M. Chandra, Technische Universitaet Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Germany;  J. Isnard, URSI France, Paris, France  

Applications of Radar Remote Sensing continue to play a vital role in the areas of earth observation, weather monitoring, and disaster management. Contrary to the general belief, radar measurements are, indeed, affected by propagation through clouds and weather. Such propagation effects can seriously distort radar images used for remote sensing purposes and thus reduce their usefulness. The aim of this contribution is to show how tropospheric propagation and scattering can impair radar imagery. In general, propagation and scattering through the troposphere cause attenuation, phase shift, and depolarization of the very radar signals used for imaging purposes. Additionally, backscattering from random media can generate distortions in estimates of Doppler moments. In this contribution, all these issues will be addressed and detailed with examples from polarimetric SAR and weather radar weather radar measurements. The contribution will also emphasize the limitation and ‘possible reuse’ afforded by these propagation effects. The treatment will highlight the polarimetric and the frequency dependence of the tropospheric propagation effects.

08:40         F09.3  SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC NOISE RELATED TO SEISMIC ACTIVITY

M. Parrot, University of Orléans, Orléans, France

Electromagnetic phenomena linked to seismic activity are known since old times, but there are exactly 30 years that two papers published on ground-based observations have given a renewed interest to this topic. They have shown short-term electromagnetic precursors of earthquakes. Soon after, observations performed with low altitude satellites have been presented in the literature. This paper gives a review of all these satellite observations of unusual ionospheric variations of the electromagnetic noise at various frequencies which could be attributed to the seismic activity. But all these satellites were not devoted to this topic and the amount of data in each set was far to be enough to perform statistical analysis. In fact, the ionosphere is highly variable and in order to demonstrate the characteristics of this precursory phenomenon, it is necessary to process a lot of events. DEMETER was the first satellite launched especially for this purpose. The duration of the mission was 6.5 years and the paper resume the many observations performed during this time.

09:00         F09.4  GROUND-BASED MEASUREMENT OF THE SEISMO-ELECTROMAGNETIC SIGNALS

Y. Hobara, M. Hayakawa, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan

An earthquake is one of the most serious natural disasters leading to the death toll exceeding two million in the last century. As we see from the recent super earthquake near Japan triggered the complex disaster such as catastrophic huge Tsunami and damage to the nuclear power plant. Despite the incomplete understanding of the origin of earthquakes, short time warning must be an urgent issue of human beings. Recently new approach to study the seismic activities by using electromagnetic phenomena reported both by ground-based and satellite measurement has emerged in addition to the traditional seismological investigation since 1990s. This is we call it ‘Seismo-electromagnetics’, and is a study of short-term process of the earthquake sequence. One of the key advantages of the seismo-electromagnetic phenomena is their precursory nature. In this paper we introduce various ground-based radio physical measurements to study seismo-electromagnetic signals and review the major results of both case and statistical studies for last 10 years from different frequency ranges such as VLF, LF, HF transmitters to identify the ionospheric perturbations, and ULF emissions in relation with seismic activities. Updated results from VLF transmitter signals concerning super earthquake (Off the Pacific coast of Tohoku EQ) will be presented together with our statistical study on the basis of long-term observations.

09:20          Tea/Coffee Break

09:40         F09.5  EXTREME SEISMICITY: FROM BASIC SCIENCE TO PREVENTIVE DISASTER MANAGEMENT

A. Ismail-Zadeh1,2,3;  1Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Karlsruhe, Germany; 2Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; 3Institut de Physique du Globe, Paris, France

Extreme seismic events (e.g., 1755 Lisbon, 1906 San Francisco, 1960 Chile, 2004 Aceh-Sumatra, 2008 Wenchuan, 2011 East Japan earthquakes) are a manifestation of complex behavior of the lithosphere structured as a hierarchical system of blocks of different sizes. Driven by mantle convection these lithospheric blocks are involved into relative movement, resulting in stress localization and earthquakes. We will discuss how extreme seismic events can be studied using various scientific approaches, how the extreme events can be modeled and predicted. Although the lithosphere behaves as a large non-linear system, some integral empirical regularities emerge indicating possibilities for earthquake prediction. Large earthquakes are surprising, and society, as a matter of fact, is poorly prepared to deal with them. Protecting human life and property against earthquake disasters requires an uninterrupted chain of research and civil protection tasks: from understanding of physics of earthquakes, their analysis and monitoring, through interpretation, modeling, seismic hazard assessment, and earthquake prediction, to delivery the scientific forecasts to local authorities, public awareness, preparedness, and preventive disaster management.

10:00         F09.6  THE GLOBAL PRECIPITATION MAP PRODUCED BY SPACEBORNE MICROWAVE RADIOMETERS AND IT'S APPLICATION-OVERVIEW OF THE GSMAP(GLOBAL SATELLITE MAPPING OF PRECIPITATION) PROJECT

K. OKamoto, Tottori University of Environmental Studies, Tottori City, Japan;  S. Shige, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan;  M. Kachi, T. Kubota, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tsukuba-shi, Japan;  T. Ushio, Osaka University, Suita-shi, Japan  

The research project, The Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP) aimed at developing microwave radiometer rain rate retrieval algorithms and producing high-precision and high-resolution global precipitation maps solely from satellite data. In the GSMaP project, the surface rain rates were retrieved from the brightness temperature data of spaceborne microwave radiometers such as TRMM TMI and so on. The GSMaP project is also developing algorithms which combine microwave radiometer data with geostationary orbit infrared radiometer data. Evaluations of GSMaP and various international groups high resolution precipitation maps around Japan has been made by using radar-AMeDAS precipitation maps.

10:20         F09.7  EARLY WARNING FOR VOLCANIC ACTIVITY INVESTIGATED FROM THE 2008 CHAITEN ERUPTION BASED ON LONG-TERM OBSERVATION BY MICROWAVE RADIOMETER

T. Maeda, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tsukuba, Japan;  T. Takano, Nihon University, Funabashi, Japan  

A microwave radiometer can observe thermal emission from the ground with less contamination by clouds than an infrared radiometer. However, because its spatial resolution is large, if an analysis method to compensate the disadvantage is developed, it should be more suitable to issue an alert for a volcanic activity in the early stage before an eruption. We have investigated an analysis method to detect local changes from the data of a satellite-borne microwave radiometer. We then applied this method for the Chaiten volcano in Chile, which was severely erupted in 2008. In this paper, the analysis results are presented.

10:40          End of the Session

G09 – CAWSES-2 Ionospheric and Thermospheric Campaigns and Results

Session Chairs: Christian Hanuise, Jorge Chau

Session     G09

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Friday, August 19, 08:00-10:20

Room        Topkapi A

08:00         G09.1  COUPLING BETWEEN THE STRATOSPHERE/MESOSPHERE AND IONOSPHERE DURING

G. Gordienko1, M. Shepherd2, A. Andreev1;  1Institute of ionosphere, Almaty, Kazakstan; 2Center for Research in Earth and Space Science Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Abstract Coupling between the stratosphere/mesosphere and ionosphere during the January 2010 stratospheric warming event is analyzed using ground-based ionosonde, SATI from Alma-Ata [43.25oN, 76.92oE) and COSMIC/FORMOSAT-3 GPS observations.

08:20         G09.2  LONGITUDINAL SIGNATURES IN GLOBAL ELECTRON TOTAL CONTENT ASSOCIATED WITH STRATOSPHERIC WARMINGS

A. J. Coster, L. Goncharenko, MIT Haystack Observatory, Westford, MA, United States;  C. Valladares, Boston College, Chesnut Hill, MA, United States  

Significant changes in the ionosphere associated with stratospheric warming events have been clearly demonstrated in the analysis of global total electron content (TEC) maps that utilize measurements from networks of ground-based GPS receivers. In the American longitude sector, studies of the equatorial region show increases in the TEC of 50-150% over the background during the morning sector and decreases of approximately 50% in the afternoon sector. We have extended this study to include all longitude sectors with the addition of COSMIC and JASON TEC to allow for better global TEC coverage, especially over the oceans.

08:40         G09.3  EQUATORIAL AND LOW LATITUDE IONOSPHERIC EFFECTS DURING SUDDEN STRATOSPHERIC WARMING EVENTS

J. L. Chau, Instituto Geofisico del Peru, Lima, Peru;  L. P. Goncharenko, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Westford, MA, USA;  B. G. Fejer, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA;  H. Liu, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA  

The low-latitude and equatorial ionospheric variability during quiet time periods, for years has been attributed to forcing coming from lower altitudes. However such forcing has been difficult to identify and understand. In this work we present clear evidence that the low latitude ionosphere is affected during sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) events. Such effects are evident in the daytime ExB drifts and therefore in the electron density (and TEC) distributions. Since SSWs are large meteorological events that can be predicted with few days in advance, this connection might allows us to forecast ionospheric disturbances.

09:00         G09.4  THE ELECTRIC FIELD AND DENSITY ANOMALIES IN THE EQUATOR-LOW-LATITUDE UPPER E REGION INDUCED BY THE ACOUSTIC GRAVITY WAVE OF TROPOSPHERIC ORIGIN

E. A. Kherani, M. A. Abdu, E. R. D. Paula, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, Sao jose dos campos, Brazil;  P. Lognonne, Institute de Physique du Globe de Paris, Paris, France  

In this work, the acoustic gravity wave (AGWs) induced electric field and density anomalies in the upper E region is investigated. The acoustic gravity waves are launched to the thermosphere during intense tropospheric convection. Their dynamics is examined using three dimensional fully time-dependent nonlinear simulation model of AGW that solves the wave equation for the wind associated with the AGW. This model is coupled with the three dimensional ionopsheric model that solves the continuity equation for the ionospheric number density and the current continuity equation for the electrostatic potential.

09:20          Tea/Coffee Break

09:40         G09.5  SIMILAR WAVE-LIKE VELOCITY MODULATIONS WITHIN THE IRREGULAR BOTTOM-TYPE F LAYER AND IRREGULAR E LAYER PRIOR TO THE F REGION PLUME

E. R. de Paula, E. A. Kherani, M. A. Abdu, National Institute for Space Research-INPE, So Jos dos Campos, So Paulo, Brazil

Using Sao Luis equatorial radar, Doppler variations within the irregular bottom-type F layer and the underlying irregular E layer are presented prior to the occurrence of F region plume. A plume event is selected when a distinct irregular bottom-type F layer is observed. The Doppler velocity within the irregular bottom-type F layer exhibits wave-like modulation with time. The similar wave-like Doppler modulation is observed within the underlying irregular E layer. These characteristics suggest that the irregular bottom-type F layer and the irregular E layer are coupled by similar kind of wave dynamics.

10:00         G09.6  DC ELECTRIC FIELDS, ASSOCIATED PLASMA DRIFTS, AND IRREGULARITIES OBSERVED ON THE C/NOFS SATELLITE

R. F. Pfaff, H. Freudenreich, J. Klenzing, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States

An overview is presented of observations gathered from the Vector Electric Field Investigation (VEFI) on the US Air Force Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS) satellite, a mission designed to understand, model, and forecast the presence of equatorial ionospheric irregularities.

10:20          End of the Session

H09 – Laboratory Simulation of Space and Dust-related Phenomena

Session Chairs: Bill Amatucci, Toshiro Kaneko

Session     H09

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Friday, August 19, 08:00-10:40

Room        Topkapi B

08:00         H09.1  VERY LOW FREQUENCY OSCILLATIONS IN ECR PRODUCED PLASMAS OF THE MAPLE DEVICE

S. Biswas, R. Pal, A. N. S. Iyengar, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India

Study of floating potential in the plasma produced by electron cyclotron resonance method in the MaPLE device of Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics reveals the presence of a very low frequency (300 Hz) oscillation and its harmonics. While moving outward radially from the axis of the cylindrical device the fluctuation changes from chaotic to periodic and then quasiperiodic at the edge. A radial phase shift of these oscillations is also observed. The oscillations are described using predator-prey model for neutral depletion during ionization process.

08:20         H09.2  EMERGING ASPECTS IN A PLASMA-METAMATERIAL COMPOSITE

O. Sakai, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

When plasmas are immersed in a metamaterial structure, such a composite shows various properties which are not expected in an ordinary metamaterial. Plasmas are either generated by external powers or present in nature as a space plasma, and composites of metamaterials and such plasmas serve as elements of electromagnetic wave controllers as well as negative-refractive-index materials. This report describes the fundamental properties of the composites with specific examples, and some fields of potential applications for human space activities are surveyed.

08:40         H09.3  THE ROLE OF SHEATH AND ACCEPTANCE ANGLE IN FRONT OF A RETARDING FIELD ENERGY ANALYZER FOR PLASMA FLOW ANALYSIS.

A. Fredriksen, W. J. Miloch, N. Gulbrandsen, M. N. Lekha, University of Tromso, Tromso, Norway

Measurements of plasma flow are of key interest in a number of plasma environments. In this study, we perform 3D PIC simulations of ion velocity distributions in the vicinity of a negatively biased object in a collision-less plasma with and without flow. The simulations allow us to study how the grounded probe housing of a retarding field energy analyzer (RFEA) affects the distribution of ions and their collection at different angles with a flowing plasma, and how plasma flow can best be obtained from RFEA measurements. Comparisons are made with RFEA measurements in an inductively coupled helicon plasma.

09:00         H09.4  DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRODELESS ELECTRIC PROPULSION SYSTEMS USING HIGH-DENSITY HELICON PLASMAS: THE HEAT PROJECT

T. Motomura1, S. Shinohara2, T. Tanikawa3, T. Hada1, I. Funaki4, H. Nishida2, K. P. Shamrai5, T. Matsuoka4, F. Otsuka1, T. S. Rudenko5, E. Ohno1, K. Yokoi2, T. Nakamura2;  1Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka, Japan; 2Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan; 3Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, Japan; 4Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan; 5National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Prospect Nauki, Kiev, Ukraine

In order to develop a completely electrodeless next generation plasma thruster for deep space missions, we have initiated the HEAT (Helicon Electrodeless Advanced Thruster) project. In our scheme, source plasmas are generated by means of the highly efficient helicon-wave discharge; they are then electromagnetically accelerated using external antennas to give a thrust. The entire process can be achieved without using any eroding electrodes, leading to plasma thrusters of a limitless lifetime. In this presentation, the characteristics of various helicon plasma sources along with some novel ways to electromagnetically accelerate plasmas will be discussed.

09:20          Tea/Coffee Break

09:40         H09.5  EXCITATION OF WHISTLER WAVES IN A MAGNETOPLASMA CONTAINING A NONUNIFORM DENSITY DEPLETION DUCT

A. V. Kudrin, P. V. Bakharev, V. A. Es'kin, University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation;  T. M. Zaboronkova, Technical University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation  

Whistler wave excitation in a laboratory magnetoplasma containing a cylindrically symmetric density depletion duct is studied. Using a rigorous solution for the total source-excited field, the radiation resistance of a circular loop antenna located in such a duct is determined. Conditions are found under which the radiation resistance of the loop antenna in a nonuniform density depletion duct can be notably greater than that in a homogeneous magnetoplasma whose parameters coincide with those near the duct axis or outside the duct.

10:00         H09.6  SPONTANEOUS ELECTROMAGNETIC EMISSION FROM A STRONGLY LOCALIZED PLASMA FLOW

E. M. Tejero1, W. E. Amatucci2, E. Thomas, Jr1;  1Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States; 2Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, United States

Laboratory observations of electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves generated by a localized transverse dc electric field are reported. The experiments indicate that these waves result from a strong ExB flow inhomogeneity in a mildly collisional plasma with sub-critical magnetic field-aligned current. The wave amplitude scales with the magnitude of the applied radial dc electric field. The electromagnetic signatures become stronger with increasing plasma beta, and the radial extent of the wave power is larger than that of the electrostatic counterpart. The near-Earth space weather implications of the results are discussed.

10:20         H09.7  EFFECTS OF EB VELOCITY SHEAR ON HIGH AND LOW FREQUENCY FLUCTUATIONS EXCITED BY ELECTRON TEMPERATURE GRADIENT

T. Kaneko, C. Moon, R. Hatakeyama, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan

Electron temperature gradient (ETG) perpendicular to magnetic field lines is formed by superimposing high-temperature electrons of an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma upon low-temperature thermionic electrons emitted from a tungsten hot plate. The formed ETG is found to excite a high-frequency fluctuation, i.e., ETG mode, and also, to enhance a low-frequency fluctuation originally caused by an EB velocity shear. Furthermore, the strong EB velocity shear is demonstrated to suppress the ETG mode experimentally.

10:40          End of the Session

Grote Reber Award Function

Session Chair: Subra Ananthakrishnan

Session     JRA

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Friday, August 19, 08:00-09:20

Room        Marmara

08:00         JRA.1  GROTE REBER MEDAL PRESENTATION TO PROF. JOCELYN BELL BURNELL

;  

08:20         JRA.2  REFLECTIONS ON THE DISCOVERY OF PULSARS

J. Bell Burnell, Oxford University, Oxford, UK

   

09:20          End of the Session

K08 – Biomedical Application: Healing and Therapy

Session Chairs: Ruggero Cadossi, James Lin

Session     K08

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Friday, August 19, 08:00-10:40

Room        Loft

08:00         K08.1  LOW-FREQUENCY PULSED ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS IN ORTHOPEDIC PRACTICE: BONE AND CARTILAGE REPAIR

R. Cadossi, S. Setti, IGEA SpA, Carpi, Mo, Italy

A subject of contemporary interest is represented by the regulation of skeletal repair by low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields. The capability of them to enhance endogenous bone repair has been demonstrated in randomized, prospective, double-blind study and confirmed in clinical experiences, supporting the usefulness of them in patients that may avoid surgical procedure. The use of low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields have been proposed to control inflammation and stimulate articular cartilage anabolic activities. Clinical biophysics investigates the mechanisms of action and the effects of non-ionizing low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields in clinical settings for bone and cartilage repair.

08:20         K08.2  SENSORY MOTOR BEHAVIOR, HISTOLOGICAL, BIOCHEMICAL EVIDENCES INDICATE REVERSAL OF OSTEOPOROSIS IN SPINAL CORD INJURY MODEL

R. Mathur, J. Manjhi, S. Kumar, V. Pandian, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India;  J. Behari, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi, India  

To evaluate the effect of extremely low frequency and intensity magnetic field in the development of SCI induced sublesional osteoporosis. Rats were equally divided into SCI, SCI + MF, sham exposed groups. Complete transaction of spinal cord (T11 vertebra) was surgically performed after laminectomy. Femur and tibia bones were removed at the end of study for evaluation of BMD, BMC, SEM, DEXA and other biochemical evidences. MF rats received 17.9mT field intensity. The bone histological, radiological and the neurochemical profile of spinal cord and bone supports the recovery of sensory, motor and bone deficits by MF.

08:40         K08.3  POLARIMETRIC TECHNIQUE FOR THE IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL MATERIALS THROUGH THEIR OPTICAL ACTIVITY: VISUALIZATION OF RESULTS

E. Bahar, S. Velipasalar, M. C. Gursoy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States

A polarimetric technique to identify biological and chemical materials based on the measurement of select elements of the (4x4) Mueller matrix is presented. The Mueller matrix relates the reflected to the incident Stokes vectors that characterize the polarization states of the reflected and incident waves. The optical activity of the materials manifests itself by the cross-polarized components of the reflected waves at a free space chiral planar interface. Thus, linearly polarized incident waves are reflected as elliptically polarized waves. The optical activity is characterized by optical rotation and circular dichroism or ellipticity. Visualizations of the analytical results are presented.

09:00         K08.4  PRECISE QUANTIFICATION AND CONTROL OF SURFACE IMMOBILIZED DNA ORIENTATION

P. S. Spuhler1, L. Sola2, X. Zhang1, M. Monroe1, J. Greenspun1, M. Chiari2, M. S. Unlu1;  1Boston University, Boston, MA, United States; 2CNR, Milano, Italy

We utilize spectral self-interference fluorescent microscopy (SSFM) to measure fluorophore height with sub-nm precision to precisely quantify DNA orientation and conformation. A novel polymeric 3D scaffold is used to functionalize the sensor surface and permits controlled orientation of the surface anchored DNA.

09:20          Tea/Coffee Break

09:40         K08.5  DEVELOPMENT OF NEW CANCER TREATMENT USING APPROVED MRI CONTRAST AGENT AND INDUCTION HEATING DEVICE

H. Nagae1, I. Nagano1, S. Yagitani1, S. Yamada1, K. Katayama2, K. Tazawa3, Y. Ikehata1;  1Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan; 2University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan; 3Toyama University, Toyama, Japan

In recent years, various types of medical applications of microwaves have widely been investigated and reported. Among them, microwave thermal therapy is one of the useful applications and is modality for cancer treatment. The authors have been studying thin coaxial antenna for intracavitary microwave heating aiming at the treatment of bile duct carcinoma. In this study, the authors have an experience on animal experiment using a swine. In the experiment, temperature rises around the antenna inserted into the bile duct were measured. From the results of this experiment, cooling effect by blood circulation was cleared.

10:00         K08.6  APERTURE RESONANCES OF MICROWAVE APPLICATORS FOR THERMOHERAPY

J. Vrba, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic

This paper deals with our new results in the field of external applicators used for local microwave thermotherapy, like e.g. cancer treatment, physiotherapy, etc. We will focus here on a very special problem of aperture and water bolus resonances - a phenomenon, which can significantly deteriorate SAR and temperature distribution in the treated area and so significantly complicate the treatment of cancer patient.

10:20         K08.7  EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF TIME-REVERSAL MICROWAVE HYPERTHERMIA SYSTEM

H. Dobsicek Trefna, J. Pena de Berrazueta, M. Persson, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden

In this contribution, we illustrate the performance of the developed UWB microwave hyperthermia system in combination with the treatment planning tool based on time-reversal algorithm. The experiment comparing the temperature distribution in muscle-equivalent phantom with the predicted SAR pattern was carried out at the ISM radio frequency 434 MHz. The obtained results have shown an excellent agreement between planned and measured data in terms of the correct focusing and iso-SAR countours.

10:40          End of the Session

ET – EMC Measurements in the Time-Domain

Session Chair: Christos Christopoulos

Session     ET

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Friday, August 19, 09:40-10:40

Room        Galata

09:40         ET.1  EMC MEASUREMENTS IN THE TIME-DOMAIN

P. Russer, Institute for Nanoelectronics, Munich, Germany

Time-domain EMI measurement systems are based on broad-band analog-to-digital conversion and subsequent real-time digital processing. This allows us to reduce the measurement times by several orders of magnitude. Modern time-domain EMI measurement systems for frequency bands up to 18~GHz and their principles of operation are presented. Like conventional EMI receivers, time-domain EMI measurement systems facilitate the measurement of average-, rms, peak-, and quasi-peak values of the EMI. Additionally, time-domain electromagnetic interference measurement systems allow measuring phase-spectra, short-time spectra and to performing statistical analysis of the measured signals.

10:40          End of the Session

JG – Ionospheric Calibration for Radio Astronomy (in memory of William E. Gordon)

Session Chairs: Anthea Coster, Richard Perley

Session     JG

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Friday, August 19, 09:40-10:40

Room        Marmara

09:40         JG.1  ON THE ESTIMATE AND ASSESSMENT OF THE IONOSPHERIC EFFECTS AFFECTING LOW FREQUENCY RADIO ASTRONOMY MEASUREMENTS

B. Forte, M. Aquino, Institute of Engineering Surveying and Space Geodesy / University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom

The development of LOFAR has posed a serious issue on the calibration of those measurements in the presence of the Earth's ionosphere. Radio frequencies as low as VHF expose LOFAR to a number of ionospheric phenomena, capable of deteriorating the accuracy of the measurements and subsequently of the sky imaging. The ionosphere is normally treated at signal processing level, where various efforts attempt to remove possible errors introduced by it. Here, a close look at particular ionospheric features and their possible consequence to radio astronomy measurements is given from a point of view of the ionospheric radio wave propagation.

10:00         JG.2  THE EFFECTS OF VARIABLE IONOSPHERIC AND PLASMASPHERIC FARADAY ROTATION ON LOW FREQUENCY RADIO ARRAYS

C. J. Lonsdale, D. Oberoi, A. J. Coster, P. J. Erickson, MIT Haystack Observatory, Westford, MA, United States

Low frequency arrays such as the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA), which use fixed dipoles operating at meter wavelengths and longer, have large fields of view and exhibit strong cross-polarization response due to geometric effects, as well as the characteristics of the electronics. The linearly polarized sky at these frequencies is bright and complex in structure, demanding accurate polarimetric calibration for high fidelity imaging. This calibration is made more challenging by high-amplitude time- and direction-dependent ionospheric and plasmaspheric Faraday rotation. In this contribution we describe the relevant ionospheric behaviors, and discuss approaches for dealing with the resulting effects.

10:20         JG.3  FREQUENCY MANGEMENT IN LOW FREQUENCY RADIO TELESCOPES

C. J. Coleman, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia;  Z. T. Katamzi, C. N. Mitchell, The University of Bath, Bath, UK  

The ionosphere can be a major impediment to the operation of low frequency radio telescopes such as LOFAR (low frequency array). At frequencies in the HF band, signal paths from extraterrestrial sources can be severely distorted when traversing the ionosphere and even be reflected back into space before reaching the ground. It is the purpose of the following paper to investigate the effect of the ionosphere, and ionospheric variations, upon the operation of radio telecopes at low frequency. Further, to develop techniques for predicting what frequencies might be available, at a given time and season, for astronomical observations.

10:40          End of the Session

General Lecture 3

Session Chair: Umran Inan

Session     GL3

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Friday, August 19, 11:00-12:00

Room        Anadolu Auditorium

11:00         GL3.1  SATELLITE NAVIGATION: PRESENT AND FUTURE

P. K. Enge, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States

The Global Positioning System serves one billion civil users with applications including: navigation for cars, aircraft, ships, spacecraft, pedestrians and emergency services; time transfer for telecommunications, finance and power delivery; and a breadth of scientific uses. Cognizant of this utility, the Russians are rejuvenating their satellite navigation system, and new systems are being fielded by China, Japan, India and Europe. Taken together, this Global Navigation Satellite System will provide geometric diversity with over one hundred navigation satellites all with triple frequency diversity for civil use. This talk will describe this technology with a focus on aviation applications.

12:00          End of the Session

AD – Optical Frequency Metrology

Session Chairs: Feng-Lei Hong, Thomas Schibli

Session     AD

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Friday, August 19, 13:40-17:20

Room        Dolmabahçe C

13:40         AD.1  OPTICAL LATTICE CLOCK WITH NEUTRAL MERCURY

S. Bize, S. Mejri, J. J. McFerran, L. Yi, SYRTE-Observatoire de Paris, Paris, France

Optical lattice clocks offer the possibility to combine accuracy in the 1e-18 range together with exquisite short term stability, 1e-16 at 1s or lower. Among atoms considered for optical lattice clocks, mercury is interesting notably because of its insensitivity to the blackbody radiation shift and because its relatively high sensitivity to a variation of the fine structure constant. We will report on our work toward the realization of a mercury lattice clock. Notably, we have recently trapped mercury in a lattice trap, observed spectroscopy of a trapped atoms and performed the first experimental determination of the magic wavelength.

14:00         AD.2  OPTICAL FREQUENCY METROLOGY WITH YTTERBIUM AND STRONTIUM OPTICAL LATTICE CLOCKS

F.-L. Hong1,2, M. Yasuda1,2, T. Kohno1,3, K. Hosaka1,2, D. Akamatsu1,2, H. Inaba1,2, Y. Nakajima1,2, K. Iwakuni1,4, A. Onae1;  1National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan; 2Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan; 3Fukui University of Technology, Fukui, Japan; 4Keio University, Yokohama, Japan

We report on the development of an ytterbium (171Yb) and a strontium (87Sr) optical lattice clock at the National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ). The result of absolute frequency measurement of the 171Yb lattice clock is shown. We also report on narrow-linewidth fiber-based frequency combs that are used not only to measure the absolute frequency of the optical lattice clocks but also to servo control the frequency of the lasers for cooling and trapping Yb and Sr atoms.

14:20         AD.3  IMPROVED MEASUREMENT OF THE 40CA+ CLOCK TRANSITION FREQUENCY TOWARDS AN UNCERTAINTY OF 10-15 LEVEL

K. Matsubara, K. Hayasaka, Y. Li, S. Nagano, H. Ito, R. Kojima, M. Kajita, Y. Hanado, Y. Koyama, M. Hosokawa, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Tokyo, Japan

Our improved frequency measurement of a single 40Ca+ optical clock towards an uncertainty of 10^-15 level is reported. In contrast with our previous measurement, in which accuracy was limited by the magnetic field fluctuation, the use of a magnetic shield decreased the observed linewidth of the clock transition by one digit. From a frequency comparison between the Ca+ clock and a Sr lattice clock, an Allan deviation of 7 x 10^-16 at averaging time of 1000 seconds was measured. We now measure the absolute frequency of the clock transition with respect to the SI definition of the second.

14:40         AD.4  SYNCHRONOUS FREQUENCY COMPARISON OF OPTICAL LATTICE CLOCKS TO APPROACH THE QUANTUM LIMIT

H. Katori1,2, T. Takano1,2, M. Takamoto1,2;  1The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; 2ERATO, JST, Tokyo, Japan

We demonstrate a synchronous frequency comparison of two optical lattice clocks operated using 87Sr and 88Sr atoms, whose Allan standard deviation achieved 1 10−17 in an averaging time of 1,600 s by cancelling out the Dick effect to approach the QPN limit. The scheme manifests an advantage of using a large number N ≈ 2,000 of atoms in optical clocks and paves the way to investigate clocks inherent uncertainties and relativistic geodesy on a time scale of tens of minutes.

15:00         AD.5  DEVELOPMENTS OF OPTICAL FREQUENCY STANDARDS AT NICT AND ALL-OPTICAL COMPARISON AGAINST A REMOTE CLOCK IN UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO USING 60KM FIBER LINK

Y. Koyama, M. Fujieda, H. Hachisu, T. Ido, R. Kojima, M. Kumagai, Y. Li, K. Matsubara, S. Nagano, N. Shiga, A. Yamaguchi, NICT, Tokyo, Japan

At National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, we have lately developed a lattice clock using 87Sr atoms as well as a single ion clock based on 40Ca+. Besides the comparison of the two atomic standards inside the institute, all-optical fiber-link to transfer frequency standards to the University of Tokyo has been developed to evaluate the uncertainty and stability between two frequency standards at those sites. The initial evaluations have resulted in the relative stability of 10^(-16) level, clearly showing the differential frequency of 4-5Hz mainly caused by the 45m difference of the elevation.

15:20         AD.6  A FEMTOSECOND-PRECISION, FIBER-OPTIC TIMING TRANSFER SYSTEM WITH LONG-TERM STABLE, POLARIZATION MAINTAINING OUTPUT

J. A. Cox, F. X. Kaertner, MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States

A fiber-based, all-optical system for femtosecond-precision, long-term, timing transfer and synchronization of electronics and lasers at the kilometer scale is presented. The system incorporates a fiber polarization controller for long-term synchronization of remote lasers, and uses an optical timing detector based on balanced optical cross-correlation. We demonstrate continuous, unaided timing distribution over 168-hours with 5 fs rms precision over 340 m of fiber. Also, timing transfer from local to remote laser for 5 hours with 4 fs rms precision is shown. A study of linear and non-linear effects impacting performance is presented.

15:40          Tea/Coffee Break

16:00         AD.7  FREQUENCY COMB METROLOGY AT PHZ FREQUENCIES: PRECISION IN THE EXTREME ULTRAVIOLET

K. S. E. Eikema1, C. Gohle2, D. Z. Kandula3, T. J. Pinkert1, J. Morgenweg1, I. Barmes1, W. Ubachs1;  1LaserLaB Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands; 2Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; 3Max Born Institute, Berlin, Germany

The capability of frequency-comb (FC) lasers to precisely measure optical frequencies is extended to the multiple-PHz domain. This frequency region, the extreme ultraviolet (XUV, wavelengths < 100 nm), was previously not accessible to these devices. Frequency comb generation is shown for 51-85 nm by amplification and coherent up-conversion of a pair of pulses from a infrared femtosecond FC laser. Moreover, Ramsey-like signals with up to 61% contrast are observed when the XUV comb is scanned over transitions in argon, neon and helium, resulting in an 8-fold improved determination of the helium ground state ionization energy.

16:20         AD.8  DUAL COMB-BASED CHARACTERIZATION OF RAPIDLY TUNED LASERS

F. R. Giorgetta, E. Baumann, I. Coddington, W. C. Swann, N. R. Newbury, NIST, Boulder, Co, United States;  Z. W. Barber, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States;  P. A. Roos, Bridger Photonics, Bozeman, MT, United States  

We demonstrate a coherent dual-comb-based spectrometer capable of measuring the instantaneous frequency of cw optical waveforms up to chirp rates of 1500 THz/s over a span of 5 THz with time-bandwidth limited precision. Provided there is a brief (< 1 ms) period of low laser chirp (<160 GHz/s) during the waveform measurement, the absolute frequency accuracy can be calibrated to an accuracy within 2.5 kHz. This approach should enable optimized waveforms for sensing applications including multi-species gas detection, coherent laser radar, and optical metrology.

16:40         AD.9  OPTICAL GENERATION OF MICROWAVE REFERENCE FREQUENCIES

L. Maleki, A. B. Matsko, OEwaves, Inc., Pasadena, CA, United States

Microwave photonics is promising for generation of spectrally pure high frequency RF signals. We review recent advances in photonic methods of generation of X-W band microwave references focusing on properties and capabilities of opto-electronic oscillators and optical frequency comb-based RF oscillators.

17:00         AD.10  UPDATE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF CESIUM ATOMIC FOUNTAIN AT NPL, INDIA

P. Arora, A. Agarwal, K. Pant, S. Yadav, A. Sen Gupta, National Physical Laboratory India, New Delhi, India

National Physical Laboratory India (NPLI) has been developing a cesium atomic fountain primary frequency standard. We have succeeded in trapping about 107 Cs atoms, cool them to about 5 K by both magneto-optical trap (MOT) and polarization gradient cooling (PGC) and launch them up by moving molasses method. We have demonstrated the fountain action by launching the atoms up to 72.9 cm up and detection of the return signal by measuring the fluorescence. Work is underway to interrogate the launched atoms with microwaves and observe Ramsey fringes.

17:20          End of the Session

B11 – Inverse Scattering and Imaging

Session Chairs: Christian Pichot, Toru Sato

Session     B11

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Friday, August 19, 13:40-17:20

Room        Anadolu Auditorium

13:40         B11.1  ENHANCING SUBSPACE-BASED INVERSIONS THROUGH AN EFFICIENT MULTI-SCALING SCHEME

G. Oliveri1, Y. Zhong2, X. Chen2, A. Massa1;  1University of Trento, Trento, Italy; 2National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

A microwave imaging approach based on the integration of a subspace-base optimization method (SOM) and a multifocusing procedure is proposed. The scattering equations are expressed within the contrast source formulation of the electromagnetic inverse problem and then solved by a nested procedure which includes an outer multiresolution loop (dealing with the identification of the regions of interest), a spectrum analysis step (devoted to the reconstruction of the deterministic components of the contrast sources) and an inner optimization loop (aimed at the retrieval of their 'ambiguous parts). A numerical analysis is presented to preliminarily assess the features of the approach.

14:00         B11.2  CSI-CFI FORMULATIONS OF THE MULTIRESOLUTION INEXACT NEWTON METHOD - A NUMERICAL COMPARISON

G. Oliveri1, A. Randazzo2, M. Pastorino2, A. Massa1;  1University of Trento, Trento, Italy; 2University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy

A numerical comparison of two innovative microwave imaging strategies is presented. To effectively tackle the non-linearity and ill-posedness arising in the inversion process, the techniques integrate a multi-resolution approach with two different Inexact-Newton methods developed either within the contrast source or within the contrast field formulations of the inverse scattering problem. A set of preliminary numerical results is presented to compare the features and potentialities of the methods.

14:20         B11.3  ESTIMATION OF THE PARAMETERS OF 2D DEBYE DISPERSIVE MEDIA USING A TIME-DOMAIN INVERSE SCATTERING TECHNIQUE

T. G. Papadopoulos, I. T. Rekanos, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

A time-domain inverse scattering method for the reconstruction of inhomogeneous dispersive media described by the Debye model is presented. The estimation of the parameters characterizing the scatterer is based on the minimization of a cost function, which describes the discrepancy between measured and estimated values of the electric field. Applying the calculus of variations, we derive the Frechet derivatives with respect to the scatterer properties, which can be utilized by any gradient-based optimization technique. Numerical results for the reconstruction of two-dimensional Debye scatterer using the Polak-Ribiere algorithm exhibit the efficiency of the proposed method.

14:40         B11.4  BEYOND THE LSM AS QUALITATIVE MWI METHOD: A PHYSICAL INSIGHT INTO THE FAR-FIELD EQUATION AND NEW CHALLENGES

L. Di Donato, T. Isernia, University mediterranea of Reggio di Calabria, Reggio di Calabria, Italy;  I. Catapano, L. Crocco, National Research Council, Napoli, Italy  

The Linear Sampling Method (LSM) is commonly exploited as a qualitative imaging method by solving the far-field linear equation, and by plotting the energy of the solution over an arbitrary grid of points which sample the investigated domain. Starting from the physical interpretation of the LSM as a focusing strategy, this contribution shows how this method can implicitly provide additional information about the scattering phenomenon and how to employ it for quantitative reconstruction by means of a novel hybrid imaging approach.

15:00         B11.5  LOCATION AND DENSITY DETERMINATION FOR A SOURCE WITH IMPULSE DERIVATIVE TIME VARIATION

M. Idemen, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey;  A. Alkumru, Gebze Institute of Technology, Kocaeli, Turkey  

The aim of this work is to determine the source density fo(x) which appears in the right-hand side of the four dimentional scalar wave equation. In the problem to be considered here, fo(x) which is the coefficient of the derivative of the classical delta-Dirac distribution with respect to time t is assumed to be a function of bounded support Vo. One assumes that the wave function is known (by measurements) during certain time interval on the boundary S of a convex domain which involves the region Vo inside, and tries to determine the source density function.

15:20         B11.6  RECONSTRUCTION OF A ROUGH SURFACE PROFILE WITH AN ITERATIVE METHOD BASED ON A RIGOROUS DIRECT WAVE SCATTERING MODEL

G. Soriano, S. Arhab, K. Belkebir, Aix-Marseille Universite, Marseille, France

In this talk, we numerically demonstrate that an iterative inverse method based on a rigourous wave scattering model can be used to retrieve the profile of a rough interface from the complex scattering amplitude in far-field. The method of moments, that is a numerical resolution of the boundary integral equations, is chosen as direct model, so that large profiles, with tens of wavelength, can be reconstructed. The two polarization cases are addressed and finally combined. Sub-wavelength resolution is reached, especially when multiple scattering occurs.

15:40          Tea/Coffee Break

16:00         B11.7  POSITIONING OF OBJECTS BEHIND CORNERS USING X-BAND RADAR

M. Gustavssson, Swedish Defence Research Institute, Linkping, Sweden

In this paper we present an algorithm for location of stationary objects behind corners using an X-band radar. A street-like scenario is considered. The algorithm relies on the estimation of a reference signal calculated with Geometrical Optics and diffraction theory. By using multipath propagation, we show by means of simulations that it is possible to locate objects behind corners using an X-band radar.

16:20         B11.8  ACCURATE 3-DIMENSIONAL IMAGE EXPANSION ALGORITHM USING RANGE DERIVATIVE OF DOUBLE SCATTERED SIGNALS FOR UWB RADARS

S. Kidera, T. Kirimoto, University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan

UWB radar with high resolution has a great promise to near field sensing, such as robotic sensor. We have already proposed the SAR method using double scattered signals to enhance a reconstructible range of radar imagery. However, it is based on the multiple integration of the received signals, that requires an intensive computation. As a solution for this, we propose a novel expanded 3-D imaging algorithm based on a range derivative of double scattered signals. Examples in numerical simulations verify that our method remarkably enhances the visible range of radar imagery, and extremely decreases the calculation amount.

16:40         B11.9  THREE-DIMENSIONAL POLARIMETRIC DIFFRACTION TOMOGRAPHIC ALGORITHM FOR REAL-TIME THROUGH-THE-WALL RADAR IMAGING

W. Zhang, A. Hoorfar, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, United States

A three-dimensional (3D) diffraction tomographic (DT) algorithm is proposed for real-time through-the-wall radar imaging (TWRI). The 3D polarimetric TWRI is investigated using the proposed DT algorithm for the enhanced target detection as well as mitigation of the wall effect in the cross-polarization. A novel frequency domain wall mitigation technique is also presented for the removal of the wall ringing effect in the co-polarization. Numerical results are presented to show the effectiveness and high efficiency of the proposed DT algorithm for 3D real-time TWRI. Experimental results will be given in the presentation.

17:00         B11.10  ADVANCES IN TWO-DIMENSIONAL AND THREE-DIMENSIONAL LASER IMAGERY MODELING

G. Berginc, thales, Elancourt, France

Laser radar technology has enjoyed significant advances over the past decade. Novel focal plane areas, compact laser illuminators and advanced signal processing have enabled the construction of 2-D and 3-D laser imagery systems. In this paper, we present the simulation of a 3D ladar sensor including physics based modeling of laser backscattering from complex rough targets, reflectance modeling of porous occluders, development of 3D scenes and reconstruction algorithms for identification. This paper addresses tomography algorithms for reconstructing optical three-dimensional scenes. This includes a review of the physics and phenomenology that can be modeled and examples of reconstruction.

17:20          End of the Session

C12 – Multiple Antenna Technologies for Communication Systems and Radar

Session Chair: Sana Salous

Session     C12

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Friday, August 19, 13:40-17:00

Room        Dolmabahçe A

13:40         C12.1  EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS ON MULTICARRIER MIMO HF COMMUNICATIONS

I. Perez-Alvarez1, S. Zazo-Bello2, M. Ghogho3,4, J. Lopez-Perez1;  1Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain; 2Universidad Politcnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; 3University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; 4International University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco

Achieving reliable communication over HF channels is known to be challenging due to the particularly hostile propagation medium. To address this problem, diversity techniques were shown to be promising. In this paper, we demonstrate through experimental results the benefits of different diversity strategies when applied to multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) multicarrier systems. The performance gains of polarisation, space and frequency diversities are quantified using different measurement campaigns.

14:00         C12.2  USING FREQUENCY-ORTHOGONAL PSEUDONOISE (FOPN) SOUNDING SEQUENCES TO IDENTIFY SIGNALS FROM MULTIPLE TRANSMIT ANTENNAS IN MOBILE DOUBLE-DIRECTIONAL AND RELAY CHANNEL SOUNDING SYSTEMS

R. J. C. Bultitude, Communications Research Centre, Ottawa, Canada;  G. S. Dahman, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia;  R. H. M. Hafez, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada  

A method previously reported by the authors for identifying simultaneous signals from different Tx antennas is applied for double-directional channel sounding between a channel sounder base station and a channel sounder mobile station, and for single input single output channel sounding on urban relay channels. Using the so-called FOPN sounding method, the frequency spectra of sounding signals are interleaved, but the spectral lines from different transmitters are separable using Fourier analysis. Examples are given of double-directional FOPN channel sounding, involving closely spaced Tx antennas and of FOPN relay channel sounding, with widely separated Tx antennas.

14:20         C12.3  HF MIMO MEASUREMENTS USING SPATIAL AND COMPACT ANTENNA ARRAYS

S. Salous, S. Feeney, University of Durham, Durham, United Kingdom;  M. Warrington, S. Gunashekar, Leicester University, Leicester, Uinited Kingdom  

This paper describes compact antenna arrays for multiple input multiple output MIMO capacity studies in the HF band. These include a three-element receiver array with active electronics to provide broadband non-tuned operation across the entire HF band and a two-channel resonant magnetic loop array for transmitter applications capable of rapid tuning across greater than two octaves. MIMO measurements over a 255 km sky-wave link in the UK using these compact arrays and spatial arrays were performed to estimate the correlation coefficients between the different elements and the resulting MIMO capacity.

14:40         C12.4  PRELIMINARY ANTENNA SYSTEM DESIGN FOR FMCW AVALANCHE RADAR

F. N. Mohd Isa1,2, P. Brennan1;  1University College London, London, United Kingdom; 2International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Preliminary design of microstrip array antenna is presented for an FMCW avalanche radar at 5.3 GHz. The antenna design which composed of an array of 4 X 2 patches could achieve the high gain of 15.6 dB with a wideband of 90%. This is achieved by separating the feed network and increasing the height of the antenna substrates.

15:00         C12.5  CYLINDRICAL MULTIUSER BEAM-FREE ACTIVE PHASED ARRAY AND COMPARISON WITH THE STANDARD MULTISECTOR ANTENNAS FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATION

I. Y. Sergeev, Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation, Russian Academy of Sciences (IZMIRAN), Troitsk, Moscow reg., Russian Federation

А multiuser beamfree cylindrical adaptive active array is considered. Such antennas can be used instead of standard multisector antennas. The multiuser beamfree method implies that coverage area is not divided into cells with different frequencies. Instead, all the users can use all the frequencies and active array selects signals by their position. The comparison of the standard multisector antennas with the beam-free array consisting of the same number of elements shows that the capacity (number of users operating on the same frequency) increases up to 2 times as against 6-sector antenna and 3 times as against 3-sector.

15:20         C12.6  PERFORMANCE OF MULTIMODE ANTENNA ARRAYS IN DOUBLE DIRECTIONAL FINITE SCATTERING CHANNEL MODEL

M. Ali, A. Burr, A. Marvin, University of York, York, United Kingdom

In this paper we analyse the performance of multimode antenna arrays using a double directional finite scattering channel model with or without mutual coupling and estimate the spatial correlation of signals as a function of separation for a Laplacian power azimuth spectrum. The spectrum efficiency comparison clearly shows that multimode antenna array outperforms the Omni-directional antennas in a double directional finite scattering channel model for Omni-directional scattering. Spatial correlation comparison as a function of separation for a Laplacian power azimuth spectrum at the receiver showed that, multimode antenna array can exploit the scattering in the channel more effectively.

15:40          Tea/Coffee Break

16:00         C12.7  DESIGN AND COMPARISON OF LTCC BASED FRACTAL ANTENNAS

F. A. Ghaffar, A. Shamim, K. N. Salama, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal (Jeddah), Saudi Arabia

The paper presents design of three different fractal antennas in LTCC substrate. An aperture coupled feeding technique has been used in all the three designs which is highly suitable for multi-layer SoP concept. The three fractal designs demonstrated are Sierpinski carpet, Sierpinski gasket and Koch snowflake fractal antennas. Bandwidths of greater than 6.5% has been achieved from these designs at a centre frequency of 24 GHz in comparison to the typical aperture coupled patch antenna bandwidth of 2%. In addition to their large bandwidths the designs have demonstrated a size reduction of greater than 20%.

16:20         C12.8  RECONFIGURABLE FRACTAL TREE ANTENNA FOR MULTIBAND APPLICATIONS

H. Altun, E. Korkmaz, Fatih University, Ýstanbul, Turkey;  B. Turetken, TUBITAK, Gebze, Turkey  

This paper evaluates reconfigurable specification of the fractal tree antenna. Fractal tree antenna fed by a 50 ohms round coax from its middle. Making PIN-diodes on or off state, the characteristic of antenna changes and it results changes in the operation frequency and radiation pattern. The proposed antenna demonstrates reconfigurable frequency range from 1.51 GHz up to 8.6 GHz. Analysis of the antenna has been done by means of commercial software CST Microwave Studio to discuss the impression of different dimensional parameters by controlling the PIN diode switches on radiation pattern, directivity and operational frequency.

16:40         C12.9  (withdrawn)

17:00          End of the Session

DAF2 – Millimeter and THz Wave Applications, including NTU, security, communication, sensors, spectroscopy, etc.

Session Chairs: Rene Beigang, Nachappa Gopalsami, Hakan Altan, Tadao Nagatsuma

Session     DAF2

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Friday, August 19, 13:40-17:20

Room        Dolmabahçe B

13:40         DAF2.1  ADIABATIC COUPLING INTO TERAHERTZ PARALLEL-PLATE WAVEGUIDES

M. Theuer1,2, A. J. Shutler2, S. S. Harsha2, R. Beigang1,3, D. R. Grischkowsky2;  1University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany; 2Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA; 3Fraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques IPM, Kaiserslautern, Germany

We report on the coupling process of broadband terahertz radiation into metal parallel-plate waveguides with sub-wavelength gaps. Starting from well known quasi-optic coupling using silicon lenses, we developed a coupling scheme based on adiabatic coupling using metal flares. The metal surfaces change their shape slowly and smoothly with respect to the wavelength of terahertz radiation. The undistorted pulse shape and dispersion-free propagation is maintained in the TEM geometry. The obtained coupling efficiencies for different waveguide geometries exceed previous values. For an optimized layout, spectroscopic results of polycrystalline molecular samples are presented revealing high resolution absorption lines.

14:00         DAF2.2  OPTIMIZATION OF WIDE-BANDPASS FILTER WITHIN THE TERAHERTZ FREQUENCY REGIME

S. Genovesi1,2, T.-J. Yen3, A. Monorchio1, E. Prati2, Y.-J. Chiang3, F. Costa1;  1University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; 2Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Agrate Brianza, Italy; 3National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan

Passband filters are among the most useful applications of metamaterials to cover the so called THz gap. A design procedure based on a Periodic Method of Moments is proposed to obtain THz filters with a broad transmission bandwidth. The design is optimized by adopting a genetic algorithm to reach the target filter performance at a passband frequency centered at 1.25 THz. Two different solutions based on a single and a double frequency selective surface based on low cost mylar substrate are compared. To demonstrate the excellent performance of our design we have fabricate prototypes by applying UV-photolithography process.

14:20         DAF2.3  NONDESTRUCTIVE MEASUREMENT OF CARRIER MOBILITY IN CONDUCTIVE POLYMER PEDOT:PSS USING TERAHERTZ AND INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY

M. Yamashita, C. Otani, RIKEN, Miyagi, Japan;  H. Okuzaki, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Japan;  M. Shimizu, Tokyo Electron, Tokyo, Japan  

Novel method to evaluate the density and mobility of carriers in conductive polymers is presented. Terahertz-time domain spectroscopy revealed that the strong carrier scattering induced the weakly localized carrier behavior in conductive polymer PEDOT:PSS thin films. We successfully determine the mobility of carriers in PEDOT:PSS thin films by the simultaneous fitting of THz conductivity and infrared reflectivity spectra. Under the assumption of the effective mass m*=0.3, the obtained carrier mobility of PEDOT:PSS thin film with and without the secondary dopant of ethylene glycol are 9.77 and 0.77 cm2/Vs, respectively.

14:40         DAF2.4  IMAGING AT A STAND-OFF DISTANCE WITH TERAHERTZ FMCW RADAR

G. Chattopadhyay1, K. B. Cooper1, R. Dengler1, N. Llombart2, P. H. Siegel1;  1Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States; 2Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

We have developed a radar based terahertz imaging system for high resolution through-clothes imaging at stand-off distances. The system uses a 675 GHz transmit/receive system in a frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar mode working at room temperature. The imager has sub-centimeter range resolution by utilizing a 30 GHz bandwidth. It has comparable cross-range resolution at a 25m stand-off distance with a 1m aperture mirror. A fast rotating small secondary mirror rapidly steers the projected beam over a 50 x 50 cm target at range to produce images at frame rates exceeding 1 Hz.

15:00         DAF2.5  THE MILLIMETER-WAVE ISAR IMAGING OF CONCEALED OBJECTS

H. Cetinkaya1, A. Kizilhan1, M. Tekbas1, S. Demirci2, E. Yigit2, C. Ozdemir2, A. Vertiy1;  1TUBITAK-Marmara Research Center (MRC), Koceli, Turkey; 2Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey

The detection of concealed objects like weapon, explosives, and other dangerous items became very important problem for defending people against terrorist attacks. The main aim of research programs are devoted to the detection of concealed dangerous objects by increasing sensitivity and resolution in obtained images. In this paper we propose to use inverse synthetic aperture radar technology for the detection of hidden items in millimeter-wave length. The theorical backgorund employed for measurement results is briefly described. The millimeter-wave ISAR measurement setup is presented. Then, measurements performed for different scenarios are explained. Finally, the reconstructed results are shown.

15:20         DAF2.6  NON DESTRUCTIVE OBSERVATION OF DEFECTS IN DIELECTRIC MATERIALS AND PROSPECTS FOR DIAGNOSTICS OF INFRASTRUCTURE AND CULTURAL HERITAGE

I. Hosako, K. Fukunaga, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Tokyo, Japan

Terahertz (THz) spectroscopy and THz imaging techniques are expected to have great potential for carrying out the non-invasive and non-contact observation of defects in dielectric materials. THz waves can penetrate opaque materials and they can perform three-dimensional material mapping non-destructively by spectroscopic imaging. We have proved that THz imaging can detect defects in multi-layer objects, such as artworks, and the results can be used to develop algorithms of ageing diagnosis, failure prediction and lifetime estimation of various infrastructure constructions as well as cultural heritage.

15:40          Tea/Coffee Break

16:00         DAF2.7  THZ WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS: 2.5 GB/S ERROR-FREE TRANSMISSION AT 625 GHZ USING A NARROW-BANDWIDTH 1 MW THZ SOURCE

L. Moeller, Bell Labs, Holdmel, United States;  J. Federici, K. Su, NJIT, Newark, United States  

THz wireless communications has established itself as a self-contained research field within THz technology. Following the fields general trend to enhance system transport capacity by increasing the formats carrier frequencies and payloads, we report a novel scheme for generating a 2.5 Gb/s data signal on a 625 GHz carrier, its transmission, and error-free detection. Duobinary baseband modulation on the transmitter side generates a signal with a sufficiently narrow spectral bandwidth to pass an up-converting frequency multiplier chain. Power, bit-error rate, and signal-to-noise ratio measurements on the receiver side describe the signal.

16:20         DAF2.8  MILLIMETER-/TERAHERTZ-WAVE MEASUREMENTS FOR BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS USING PHOTONICALLY GENERATED CONTINUOUS WAVES

H. Ito, H. Yamamoto, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan

This paper describes two promising millimeter-/terahertz-wave measurement techniques suitable for biological substances. For the reflection-geometry imaging, a planar circulator circuit is developed and integrated into a photonic transceiver module operating in the J-band. The fabricated module is applied to in-vivo imaging of a human finger at 270 GHz. For obtaining more qualitative information, a photonic millimeter-wave ellipsometry system is developed for measuring the complex relative dielectric constant of the sample. It is successfully applied to in-vivo measurement of human skin in the F-band.

16:40         DAF2.9  SILICON CMOS DETECTORS AND FOCAL-PLANE ARRAYS FOR THZ RADIATION

A. Lisauskas, B. Boppel, V. Krozer, H. G. Roskos, Physikalisches Institut, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany

The application of field-effect transistors for the detection of terahertz radiation (submillimeter-wave radiation), which for a long time has only been a subject of academic study, is currently in the process of becoming a viable technology for the realization of focal-plane arrays of room-temperature-operated imaging systems, and has the potential to be of interest also for other applications such as data communications. This development has been triggered on one hand by the fact that the detectors can be implemented entirely in silicon CMOS process technology, with all the advantages of cost-effectiveness, high yield and high reliability, and ease of integration of additional functions, for which CMOS technology stands. The second decisive factor is that the relevant figures of merit - the responsivity and the noise-equivalent power – are comparable to, if not better than, those of other well-established terahertz detectors operated at room temperature. This paper presents a summary of recent results which demonstrate the capability of the technology.

17:00         DAF2.10  ANTENNA DESIGN AND CHANNEL MEASUREMENTS FOR ON-BODY COMMUNICATIONS AT 60 GHZ

X. Y. Wu, Y. Nechayev, P. S. Hall, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

On-body communication is of increasing interest for a number of applications, such as medical-sensor networks, emergency-service workers, and personal communications. This paper reviews 60 GHz on-body communication and its benefits and challenges. Two novel low profile high gain, end-fire wearable antennas are then described. Measurements with an experimental phantom and real human body are presented. Results show antennas achieve good performance close to a phantom. Shadowing effects and polarisation issues for on-body communications at 60 GHz are discussed.

17:20          End of the Session

E10 – Stochastic Techniques in EMC

Session Chairs: Luk Arnaut, Sergio Pignari

Session     E10

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Friday, August 19, 13:40-17:00

Room        Galata

13:40         E10.1  THE ANALYSIS OF STOCHASTIC EMC PROBLEMS USING THE CONCEPT OF DIFFUSE FIELD RECIPROCITY

R. S. Langley, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

There has been much progress in recent years in the analysis of complex random vibro-acoustic systems, and general analysis methods have been developed which are based on the properties of random diffuse wave fields. It is shown in the present paper that such methods can also be applied to high frequency EMC problems, avoiding the need for costly full wave solutions to Maxwells equations in complex cavities. The theory behind the approach is outlined and then applied to the relatively simple case of a wiring system which is subject to reverberant electromagnetic wave excitation.

14:00         E10.2  MULTI-FREQUENCY AMPLITUDE PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION MEASUREMENT SYSTEM AND ITS APPLICATION FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE ANALYSIS

Y. Matsumoto, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Tokyo, Japan

Successful development of FFT-based amplitude probability distribution (APD) measurement system has enabled multi-frequency and real-time measurement of amplitude statistics for fluctuating signals. This opens up new possibilities for measurement in a range of areas, including the nonlinear effect on wide-band stochastic signals, and interference in multi-carrier communication systems. This paper presents an overview of the measuring system and its applications, and provides examples.

14:20         E10.3  THE USE OF UNSCENTED TRANSFORMS IN MODELING THE STATISTICAL RESPONSE OF NONLINEAR SCATTERER IN A REVERBERATION CHAMBER

D. W. Thomas1, O. A. Oke1, L. de Menezes2, C. Christopoulos1;  1The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; 2Universidade de Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil

The use of the Unscented Transform technique for the estimation of the statistical response of nonlinear EUTs in reverberating chambers is examined. The method involves choosing a few selected discrete points (sigma points) to approximate the probability distribution of random functions. The field within reverberation chambers is represented by a Rayleigh distribution. The method for choosing the sigma points for a Rayleigh distribution is described and the results are compared with Monte Carlo simulations and analytical solutions of scattering from nonlinear EUTs. It is shown that the Unscented Transform technique is more accurate and efficient than the Monte Carlo approach. .

14:40         E10.4  PHYSICAL CONSIDERATIONS ON COMPLEX CAVITIES IN UNDERMODED REGIME

G. Gradoni, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States;  L. R. Arnaut, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom  

In this paper, a theoretical investigation about undermoded mode-stirred reverberation chambers is presented and discussed. We extend the plane-wave angular spectrum to include a sinc-correlated scenario and find an integral representation for the total field coherency. This clearly exhibits spatial inhomogeneity and agrees with both Sommerfeld's far-field radiation condition and Berry's conjecture for chaotic scattering. Finally, we find a closed-form solution for the coherency at the center of the reference frame, serving as a normalization factor to compare with measurements in complex inhomogeneous environments. Several physical considerations arise from this novel analytic representation.

15:00         E10.5  A STATISTICS-BASED DEFINITION OF THE OVERMODED CONDITION FOR REVERBERATION CHAMBERS

A. Cozza, SUPELEC, Gif sur Yvette, France

Current understanding of reverberation chambers is firmly funded upon their being operated as overmoded cavities. A proper definition of this condition has been lacking for a long time, while being regarded as automatically satisfied as soon as a large (and unspecified) number of normal modes are set to resonate at the frequency of operation of the chamber. This paper summarizes the most important steps needed to introduce in a formal way a proper definition of the overmoded condition, showing how, from a strict mathematical viewpoint, it is not related to any threshold frequency, but rather requires a statistical framework.

15:20         E10.6  STATISTICAL METHODS FOR RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE WHEN ESTIMATING THE PERFORMANCE DEGRADATION OF DIGITAL RADIO RECEIVERS

K. C. Wiklundh, Swedish Defence Research Agency FOI, LINKPING, Sweden

The radiated interference environment can significantly degrade a radio communication system. To foresee the degradation, the performance of radio communication systems needs to be analyzed. When estimating the impact from radio frequency interference on digital radio systems, a statistical approach is to prefer. By using the amplitude probability distribution of an interference source, its impact can be determined. Another successful approach is based on the impulsiveness correction factor, , to avoid serious underestimations of the bit error probability. These two approaches are suitable methods to achieving accurate performance estimates of a digital radio receiver.

15:40          Tea/Coffee Break

16:00         E10.7  COMPARISON OF STOCHASTIC METHODS FOR THE VARIABILITY ASSESSMENT OF TECHNOLOGY PARAMETERS

P. Manfredi, M. Fontana, I. S. Stievano, F. G. Canavero, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy

This paper provides and compares two alternative solutions for the simulation of cables and interconnects with the inclusion of the effects of parameter uncertainties: Polynomial Chaos (PC) method and Response Surface Modeling (RSM). The problem formulation applies to the telegraphers equations with stochastic coefficients. The proposed methods offer accuracy and improved efficiency in computing the parameter variability effects on system responses with respect to the conventional Monte Carlo approach. These approaches are validated by means of the analysis of a commercial multiconductor flat cable. This analysis allows us to highlight the respective advantages and disadvantages of the presented methods.

16:20         E10.8  ON DISTRIBUTIONS OF FIELDS AND POWER IN UNDERMODED MODE-STIRRED REVERBERATION CHAMBERS

L. R. Arnaut, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom;  G. Gradoni, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20472, United States  

We derive sampling probability density functions (pdfs) of a nonlocal spatio-temporal random electromagnetic field and its intensity in an undermoded mode-stirred cavity, i.e., a statistically inhomogeneous time-varying environment generated by a stochastic process. The inhomogeneous field is represented as a subset (sample) of a homogeneous field (ensemble). The sample statistics of the inhomogeneous field are governed by the number of spatial degrees of freedom and the number of temporal (stir) degrees of freedom. The results are also of interest in nonergodic mesoscopic dynamical systems and quantum/wave chaos in mixed billiards beyond the semiclassical approximation.

16:40         E10.9  INFLUENCE OF TWIST-PITCH RANDOM NON-UNIFORMITY ON THE RADIATED IMMUNITY OF TWISTED-WIRE PAIRS

S. A. Pignari, G. Spadacini, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy

A numerical model is used to investigate the response of a twisted-wire pair (TWP) with non-uniform twisting, illuminated by a plane-wave electromagnetic field. Unlike in previous works, where non-uniform TWPs were modeled by cascading helical twists with different pitch, here the TWP is represented as a bifilar helix with continuous deformation, which is consistent with the actual physical structure. It is shown that twist-pitch non-uniformity does not affect the common-mode voltage induced by the external field, whereas it influences the differential-mode voltage, whose sensitivity is analyzed by resorting to a statistical approach.

17:00          End of the Session

FG – Ionospheric and Tropospheric Effects in Precision GNSS

Session Chairs: Achim Hornbostel, Manuel Hernández-Pajares

Session     FG

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Friday, August 19, 13:40-17:20

Room        Haliç

13:40         FG.1  IONOSPHERIC AND TROPOSPHERIC MODELLING AND MONITORING FOR GNSS AT THE EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY

B. Arbesser-Rastburg, ESA, Noordwijk, Netherlands

This paper summarizes recent activities in the area of tropospheric and ionospheric research undertaken by ESA in support of the development and qualification of EGNOS and GALILEO. Experimentation is needed to verify and validate the models used for describing the temporal and spatial variability of atmospheric conditions influencing the propagation conditions. Propagation effects may impact user accuracy, integrity, availability or continuity of service. One of the key propagation effects is the tropospheric and ionospheric group delay. But also the presence of ionospheric scintillations can impact on the performance and continuity of navigation services and need to be well understood.

14:00         FG.2  ANALYSIS OF THE PLL PHASE ERROR IN PRESENCE OF IONOSPHERIC SCINTILLATION

B. Forte, Institute of Engineering Surveying and Space Geodesy / University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom

The functioning of standard phase locked loops (PLL), including those used to track GNSS signals, is based on a linear approximation valid in case of small phase errors. However, in presence of a fading channel the phase error may become large and the PLL is expected to operate in a non-linear regime. The phase error and the performance of a PLL embedded into a commercial multi-constellation GNSS receiver was analysed in the presence of ionospheric scintillation. The limitations posed by a fading channel consist of an increased phase dynamics together with power fading.

14:20         FG.3  THE IMPACT OF IONOSPHERIC SCINTILLATION ON THE GNSS RECEIVER SIGNAL TRACKING PERFORMANCE AND MEASUREMENT ACCURACY

Z. G. Elmas, M. Aquino, B. Forte, Institute of Engineering Surveying and Space Geodesy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom

Ionospheric scintillation effects are investigated regarding GNSS modernization which provides new signal frequencies and satellites that allow more accurate methods of monitoring, modelling and mitigating ionospheric effects on GNSS signals. Scintillation effects are analysed through a simulation-based approach by perturbing the signals using Cornell Scintillation Model. Receiver signal tracking performance is evaluated based on tracking loop errors using scintillation-sensitive tracking models of Conker et al (2003) and Kim et al (2003) which are limited to weak-to-moderate scintillation levels. UERE on receiver-satellite links are investigated to understand the impact of scintillation on (code-based) range measurements.

14:40         FG.4  WBMOD ASSISTED PLL GPS SOFTWARE RECEIVER FOR MITIGATING SCINTILLATION AFFECT IN HIGH LATITUDE REGION

R. Tiwari1, S. Skone2, S. Tiwari1, H. J. Strangeways1;  1Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; 2University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada

The phase scintillation induces excess carrier phase jitter in the phase lock loop (PLL) of the GPS receiver, and strong scintillation can cause a PLL to lose phase lock resulting in no GNSS signal available from the satellite path(s) affected. This study uses a novel WBMod (Wide Band Modeling) assisted PLL for robustness of availability of GPS services with lower introduction of extra phase noise. At the initial stage, an optimal PLL bandwidth is predicted using WBMod to stabilize PLL during strong phase scintillation. A FAB (Fast Adaptive Bandwidth) PLL is used to minimize the phase error.

15:00         FG.5  IONOSPHERIC IRREGULARITIES AND POTENTIALITIES OF MULTIFREQUENCY CORRECTION IN GLOBAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEMS

M. V. Tinin, E. V. Konetskaya, Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk, Russia

Measurements of propagation time or phase of a signal at two frequencies enable us to eliminate the first ionospheric correction and improve accuracy of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) from tens of meters to centimetres. This paper explores possibilities of eliminating higher-order ionospheric errors in going to measurements at more frequencies. It is shown that the second-order correction, associated with the geomagnetic field effect on the refractive index, may be taken into account already in dual-frequency measurements. Further improvement of accuracy in the triple-frequency GNSS in view of phase scintillations is complicated by diffraction effects.

15:20         FG.6  NUMERICAL CALCULATION OF RESONANT FREQUENCIES AND MODES QUALITY OF IONOSPHERIC-MAGNETOSPHERIC ALFVEN RESONATOR

A. O. Ovchinnikov, A. A. Subbotin, St. Petersburg University of the State fire service of the Ministry of Emergency Situation of Russia, Saint-Petrsburg, Russian Federation

The model of environment close to a reality is considered. This model supposes only a numerical solution of a problem. The numerical integration of ODE for the spherical impedance is executed. Eigenfrequencies IMAR are found by Newton's method. Resonant frequencies and quality modes of ionospheric-magnetospheric Alfven resonator (IMAR) are resulted in a range [0, 1] Hz at magnetic latitude 30 degrees.

15:40          Tea/Coffee Break

16:00         FG.7  DIURNAL, SEASONAL AND GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION EFFECTS ON TEC VARIATION OVER MALAYSIA

S. A. Bahari, Institute of space science, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia;  M. Abdullah, A. M. Hasbi, Faculty of engineering and built environment, Bangi,selangor, Malaysia;  B. Yatim, Faculty of science and technology, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia  

This paper presents the diurnal, seasonal and geographic location effects on TEC variation over Malaysia using PPP technique based on GPS data obtained from 50 stations. The diurnal analysis shows the mean TEC reaches its maximum during post local noon. The mean TEC during the equinox months is higher than during the solstice. During equinox, TEC maximum in the daytime is located at southern Malaysia but changes to the north during nighttime. During solstice, TEC maximum is located at northern Malaysia during both day and nighttime. These results can be used as a reference for ionospheric characterization over Malaysia.

16:20         FG.8  FORECASTING OF IONOSPHERIC DELAY USING THE HOLT-WINTERS METHOD

M. Abdullah1, S. A. Bahari2, A. Zaharim3, A. F. Mohd Zain4, S. N. A. Abdul Habib1, C. B. Yi1;  1Faculty of engineering and built environment, Bangi,selangor, Malaysia; 2Institute of space science, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; 3Faculty of engineering and built environment, Bangi, selangor, Malaysia; 4Faculty of manufacturing engineering, Pekan, pahang, Malaysia

This paper studies the application of the Holt-Winters method in forecasting ionospheric delay over three GPS stations namely Parit Raja, Malaysia,Seattle and New York, USA. Results over the three stations show that the error between the forecast and the real ionospheric delay value is in the range 2% to 6% for the three months of analysis. The results gave a small error for all three stations; therefore, it can be concluded that the Holt-Winters method is effective and can be used in forecasting ionospheric delay.

16:40         FG.9  CO-SEISMIC IONOSPHERIC DISTURBANCES FOLLOWING THE 2008 MW8.0 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE FROM GPS OBSERVATIONS

S. Jin, R. Jin, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China

The devastative Mw 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake occurred at the Longmen Shan Fault in southwestern China on May 12, 2008. In this paper, coseismic ionospheric disturbances on this event are investigated from national GPS network observations. It has found an intensive N-shape shock-acoustic wave propagating south-eastward at about 600 m/s. The wave front of the N-shape is parallel with the earthquake rupture direction (from NE to SW). It is almost consistent with seismometer, indicating the co-seismic ionospheric TEC disturbances were mainly derived from the main shock.

17:00         FG.10  SPACE-TIME INTERPOLATION AND AUTOMATIC MAPPING OF TEC USING TNPGN-ACTIVE

F. Arikan1, O. Arikan2, U. Sezen1, C. Toker1, B. Aktug3, O. Lenk3, M. Kurt3, E. Parmaksiz3;  1Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey; 2BILKENT UNIVERSITY, Ankara, Turkey; 3General Command Of Mapping, Ankara, Turkey

Turkish National Permanent GPS Network (TNPGN) is the Reference Station Network of 146 continuously-operating GNSS stations o which are distributed uniformly across Turkey and North Cyprus Turkish Republic since May 2009. IONOLAB group, formed by researchers and students in Hacettepe University, Bilkent University and General Command of Mapping is currently investigating new techniques for space-time interpolation, and automatic mapping of TEC through a TUBITAK research grant. This study presents the developments in monitoring of space weather, and correction of geodetic positioning errors due to ionosphere using TNPGN.

17:20          End of the Session

GT – Sprites and Energetic Radiation Above Thunderstorms

Session Chair: Michael Rietveld

Session     GT

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Friday, August 19, 13:40-14:40

Room        Topkapi A

13:40         GT.1  SPRITES AND ENERGETIC RADIATION ABOVE THUNDERSTORMS

M. Fullekrug, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom

The discovery of transient airglows above thunderstorms, known as sprites and jets, shed a new light on 'terra incognita' in the Earth's atmosphere, the area above thunderstorms. The fast discovery pace of novel phenomena has spurred studies of energetic radiation, relativistic particles and anti-matter emanating from inside thunderclouds and above thunderlcouds. These observations mark a profound advance in our understanding of the Earth's atmospheric electrodynamic behaviour. Namely, the discoveries mandate the inclusion of cosmic rays, relativistic electron beams, and energetic feedback processes in our thinking about the Earth's atmosphere, perhaps best summarised as relativistic atmospheric electrodynamics.

14:40          End of the Session

H10 – Waves as Signatures of Inflowing Plasma Interaction with Solar System Bodies

Session Chairs: Christian Mazelle, Yoshiya Kasahara

Session     H10

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Friday, August 19, 13:40-17:00

Room        Topkapi B

13:40         H10.1  LARGE AMPLITUDE COHERENT STRUCTURES IN PLASMA NEAR MARS

E. M. Dubinin, M. Fraenz, J. Woch, Max-Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Katlenburg-Lindau, Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany

Observations carried out by the ASPERA-3 experiment on board the Mars Express spacecraft show that plasma environment at Mars is strongly disturbed. Large-amplitude coherent structures arising upstream from the bow shock due to the interaction with extended hydrogen corona decompose the magnetosheath into a set of strong solitary compression pulses which impact the Martian ionosphere. A possible role of these structures on ionospheric heating/energization and escape is discussed.

14:00         H10.2  THE ASYMMETRIC GEOMAGNETIC PULSATIONS EXCITED BY THE INTERPLANETARY SHOCK

J. B. Cao, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Beijing, China;  Z. Q. Wang, Key laboratory for space weather, Beijing, China  

This paper studied the asymmetric geomagnetic pulsations excited by sharp variations of solar wind dynamical pressure (Psw). The sharp decrease of Psw can excite a global pulsation in the period range 100 200 s at both low and sub-auroral latitudes due to the oscillation of magnetopause around its new equilibrium position after abrupt displacement. The frequencies of pulsations at the morning and afternoon stations are 9.8 mHz and 5.0 mHz respectively. Therefore the radius of afternoon magnetopause is about 1.16 times that of morning magnetopause, which is consistent with the observation of low latitude H components.

14:20         H10.3  WAVE EXCITATION IN THE LUNAR WAKE ASSOCIATED WITH SOLAR-WIND PROTON ENTRY

M. N. Nishino1, Y. Saito1, Y. Kasahara2, Y. Omura3, K. Hashimoto3, T. Ono4, H. Tsunakawa5, F. Takahashi5, M. Fujimoto1;  1ISAS/JAXA, Sagamihara, Japan; 2Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan; 3Kyoto University, Uji, Japan; 4Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; 5Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Tokyo

We review wave excitation in the lunar wake accompanied by solar wind (SW) proton entry, which was recently discovered by SELENE (Kaguya). The proton entry into the wake forms proton-governed region (PGR) to drastically change the electromagnetic environment there. Broadband electrostatic noise found in the PGR is manifestation of electron two-stream instability, which is attributed to the counter-streaming electrons attracted from the ambient SW to maintain the quasi-neutrality. This is a general phenomenon in the lunar wake, because PGR does not necessarily require peculiar SW conditions for its formation.

14:40         H10.4  ELECTROSTATIC SOLITARY WAVES (ESWS) OBSERVED BY KAGUYA NEAR THE MOON

K. Hashimoto1,2, M. Hashitani1, Y. Omura1, Y. Kasahara3, H. Kojima1, T. Ono4, H. Tsunakawa5;  1Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan; 2Paleological Association of Japan, Inc., Kyoto, Japan; 3Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan; 4Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan; 5Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan

In KAGUYA (SELENE), a Japanese lunar orbiter, LRS/WFC-L observed waveforms of plasma waves in 100Hz-100kHz and a lot of ESWs have been observed due to the interaction between the solar wind and the Moon. Some results have been reported. Although orthogonal dipole antennas are generally used in the observations, sometimes a pair of monopole antennas were used. We reports observations mainly by the latter antennas.

15:00         H10.5  STATISTICAL STUDY OF THE NTC PLASMASPHERIC PATCHES: A DIRECT LINK BETWEEN WAVE OBSERVATION IN THE INNER MAGNETOSPHERE AND MAGNETIC ACTIVITY

S. Grimald, IRAP / CNRS, Toulouse, France;  F. El Lemdani Mazouz, LATMOS / CNRS, Paris, France;  C. Foullon, CFSA, Warwike, UK;  P. Dcrau, LPC2E, Orlans, France  

Variations in the solar wind are responsible of reconfiguration of the whole magnetosphere. The plasmapause is located in the inner magnetosphere and a direct link between its characteristics and the magnetic activity has been shown. NTC is believed to be emitted at the plasmapause and near the magnetic equator. The changes of the plasmapause due to solar wind variations may be reflected in the wave signature. Using three years of Cluster data we perform a statistical study. We show that their observation is linked with a compression of the plasmapause, and an increasing of the magnetic indices.

15:20         H10.6  VERTICAL PLASMA EXTENT ABOVE THE LUNAR SURFACE DERIVED FROM INTERFERENCE PATTERN OF AURORAL KILOMETRIC RADIATION

Y. Goto, Y. Kasahara, T. Fujimoto, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan;  A. Kumamoto, T. Ono, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan  

The existence of the lunar ionosphere had been neither experimentally proved nor disproved because observation data on circumlunar plasma were very scarce. In the present study, we estimated vertical electron density profiles above the lunar surface using interference patterns on AKR spectrograms observed by the KAGUYA spacecraft and examined whether or not the high-density layer actually existed. Because the interference pattern results from superposition of directly arrived waves and waves reflected near the lunar surface, reflection altitudes which correspond to the density layers can be estimated from the pattern.

15:40          Tea/Coffee Break

16:00         H10.7  ROLE OF THE SURFACE CHARGING IN THE SOLAR WIND INTERACTION WITH A SMALL, NON-MAGNETIZED, ELECTRICALLY NON-CONDUCTING BODY STUDIED IN A TWO-DIMENSIONAL ELECTROMAGNETIC FULL PARTICLE SIMULATION

T. Nakagawa, Tohoku Institute of Technology, Sendai, Japan

The solar wind interaction with a small, non-magnetized, electrically non-conducting body is studied using a two-dimensional electromagnetic full particle simulation. The solar wind magnetic field is introduced into the simulation scheme as an initial condition together with the electric field generated by the motion of the solar wind. The magnetic field controls the direction of flow of thermal electrons, causing an asymmetry of the negative charging of the downstream side surface. In the absence of the photoelectrons, the solar wind electrons are expelled by the negative charging at the terminator, and behave differently from traditional theory.

16:20         H10.8  PLASMA WAVES RELATED TO MINI-MAGNETOSPHERES OVER LUNAR MAGNETIC ANOMALIES OBSERVED BY LRS/WFC ONBOARD KAGUYA

Y. Kasahara, S. Kitaguchi, Y. Goto, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan;  K. Hashimoto, Y. Omura, H. Kojima, Kyoto University, Uji, Japan;  T. Ono, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan;  M. N. Nishino, Y. Saito, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, JAXA, Sagamihara, Japan;  H. Tsunakawa, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan  

Although the moon has basically an unmagnetized body, there are number of magnetic anomalies and presence of mini-magnetosphere is suggested over the anomalies. The LRS/WFC onboard KAGUYA, a Japanese lunar orbiter, frequently observed intense wave activities below several kHz over these magnetic anomalies at altitude range below 100 km. It was found that the spatial distribution of plasma wave clearly corresponds to the magnetic anomalies and also depends on the solar wind parameters. We also introduce characteristics of the plasma waves and relationship between wave and particle features.

16:40         H10.9  WAVES AT THE PROTON CYCLOTRON FREQUENCY AT MARS

C. Mazelle, IRAP / Univ. of Toulouse - CNRS, Toulouse, France

The presence of waves measured by Mars Global Surveyor at the local proton cyclotron frequency in the solar wind revealed the presence of an extended exosphere at Mars. These waves can have large amplitude even at large distances. We present new analyses of high resolution measurements of Mars Global Surveyor magnetometer and electron spectrometer during the aerobraking hiatus. Comparison with observations by Mars Express SPICAM instrument will help to obtain new insights in the connection between the spatial distribution of these waves and the geometry of the Martian hydrogen exosphere. Implications for the future Maven observations are discussed.

17:00          End of the Session

J10 – Mm and Sub-mm Science and Technology with a Special Focus on ALMA

Session Chairs: Richard Hills, Goutam Chattopadhyay, Shep Doleman

Session     J10

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Friday, August 19, 13:40-17:20

Room        Marmara

13:40         J10.1  CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS, PLANET FORMATION, AND ALMA

S. M. Andrews, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Boston, MA, United States

The ALMA project will dramatically advance our observational understanding of the planet formation process by providing unprecedented high angular resolution and sensitive measurements of the birth sites of planets, the gas and dust disks around young stars. I will present an overview of a few key ALMA experiments that will address some fundamental issues related to the structure and evolution of these protoplanetary disks, as well as a new technique that may provide unique, new access to extremely young exoplanet systems.

14:00         J10.2  THE ALMA 64-ANTENNA CORRELATOR: MAIN TECHNICAL FEATURES AND SCIENCE MODES

A. Baudry, Universite de Bordeaux 1, LAB, 33270 Floirac, France;  J. Webber, NRAO, Charlottesville, 22903 VA, USA  

The ALMA 64-antenna correlator with digital hybrid XF architecture processes data from up to 64 antennas for 16 GHz bandwidth in two polarizations. Each 2 GHz baseband is divided into 32 frequency agile sub-bands prior to correlation. Baseband division is accomplished in a 3-stage digital filter implemented in large FPGAs. The basic building block in the correlator card is a 256-lag circuit implemented in a 4096-lag ASIC. All 4 correlator quadrants have been constructed and two are commissioned for ALMA Early Science. The observing modes are described and operational flexibility is underlined.

14:20         J10.3  SCIENCE WITH THE HETERODYNE INSTRUMENT FOR THE FAR-INFRARED (HERSCHEL-HIFI) AND OUTLOOK

F. P. Helmich, SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Groningen, Netherlands

HIFI, the Heterodyne Instrument for the Far-Infrared, is the high resolution spectrometer on board of Herschel. The instrument is designed to be electronically tuneable over a wide and continuous frequency range in the Far Infrared, with velocity resolutions better than 0.1 km/s with a high sensitivity. This will enable detailed investigations of a wide variety of astronomical sources, ranging from solar system objects, star formation regions to nuclei of galaxies. I will briefly introduce the instrument and show high-lights from the science. Overlaps with ALMA will be indicated as well as follow up by SPICA-SAFARI.

14:40         J10.4  THE ALMA PHOTONIC LOCAL OSCILLATOR SYSTEM

W. Shillue1, W. Grammer1, C. Jacques1, R. Brito2, J. Meadows1, J. Castro1, J. Banda1, Y. Masui1;  1NRAO, Charlottesville VA, United States; 2NRAO, Santiago, Chile

The Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) Central Local Oscillator (LO) system generates and distributes the LO and timing references for ALMA. These are used by the Front End and Back End Systems at the antenna, and by the Correlator in the central building. Due to the combination of high sky frequencies (up to 950 GHz) and long baselines of up to 15km, the ALMA 1st LO requirement is particularly stringent, with extremely precise timing and synchronization needed down to ~10 femtosecond level. This paper focuses on the ALMA 1st LO reference distribution, which is implemented by the Photonic LO system.

15:00         J10.5  1 MM DUAL-POLARIZATION SCIENCE WITH CARMA

C. L. H. Hull, R. Plambeck, G. Engargiola, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA

We have constructed dual polarization 1mm receivers for the CARMA array. A key science goal for these receivers is to map the linearly polarized thermal emission from dust grains in interstellar clouds, which may be used to infer the magnetic field morphologies in these regions. To observe circular polarization, we install a waveguide polarizer between the feed horn and the OMT (orthomode transducer), at a temperature of 4 K, to convert incoming circularly polarized signals into linearly polarized signals. The receivers use waveguide OMTs (orthomode transducers), SIS (superconductor-insulator superconductor) mixers, and WBA-13 LNAs (low-noise amplifiers).

15:20         J10.6  ALMA ANTENNA

M. Saito, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan

The Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) is a millimeter and submillimeter astronomical observatory being built in northern Chile. The array consists of a 12-m array (50 12-m antennas) and of the Atacama compact array (4 12-m antennas and 12 7-m antennas). The ALMA antennas are required to meet very stringent technical specification such as pointing/tracking accuracy, fast motion capability, and surface accuracy etc. under operating conditions. The paper describes the design features and summarizes major performance of the ALMA antennas.

15:40          Tea/Coffee Break

16:00         J10.7  DESIGN FOR CCAT, A 25 M DIA TELESCOPE OPERATING FROM 200 GHZ TO 1.5 THZ

D. P. Woody, Caltech, Big Pine, CA, United States;  S. Padin, Caltech, Pasadena, CA, United States;  D. Redding, J. Lou, A. Kissil, JPL, Pasadena, CA, United States  

CCAT (Cerro Chajnantor Atacama Telescope) will be a 25 m diameter telescope operating in the 0.2-2 mm wavelength range. It will be located at an altitude of 5600 m in northern Chile. The key performance challenges for CCAT are a half wavefront error <10 microns rms, pointing error <0.2". Meeting these requirements at an affordable cost has required pushing the state-of-the-art for the reflector segments, CFRP truss with a uniform 0.2 ppm/C CTE, truss to steel connection and closed loop control of the surface using innovative low cost edge sensors.

16:20         J10.8  ATMOSPHERIC PHASE CORRECTION FOR ALMA WITH 183 GHZ WATER VAPOUR RADIOMETERS

B. Nikolic, J. S. Richer, R. Bolton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom;  R. E. Hills, Joint ALMA Observatory, Santiago, Chile  

One of the great challenges for ALMA is overcoming the natural limits set by the turbulence in the atmosphere to achieve resolutions as fine as ten milli-arcseconds. A critical component toward achieving this are mm-wave radiometers on ALMA telescopes that observe the emission from the atmospheric water vapour line at 183GHz. The information from these radiometers can be used to compute the fluctuations in total water vapour and path along the line of sight of each telescope. Here we review the design of the radiometers, describe the software processing steps and show some results from the ALMA site.

16:40         J10.9  (SUB)MILLIMETER VLBI SCIENCE WITH ALMA

V. L. Fish, MIT Haystack Observatory, Westford, MA, United States

ALMA will be one of the most powerful (sub)millimeter ground-based observatories for many years to come. Its sensitivity and location make it an excellent candidate site for very long baseline interferometry with existing millimeter VLBI networks, including the VLBA, Global Millimeter VLBI Array, and Event Horizon Telescope. An international team is proposing to construct a phased-array processor to enable ALMA participation in these VLBI networks. This presentation will focus on the broad science impact of millimeter VLBI with phased ALMA on the high-resolution study of supermassive black holes, pulsars, AGN jets, and other astronomical objects.

17:00         J10.10  PROGRESS WITH COMMISSIONING AND SCIENCE VERIFICATION OF ALMA

S. A. Corder, National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, VA, United States

Construction and commissioning of the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA) is progressing rapidly. In this paper I report on the progress of array commissioning and science verification (CSV). I summarize the current performance of the array including noise temperatures, calibration accuracy and available observing modes. At the time of presentation of this paper, ALMA science verification observations will likely be available to the public. I will present the results and comparison data as well as update and detail the array status.

17:20          End of the Session

KAE – Anatomical Human Models Development and Exposure Assessment

Session Chairs: Yoon Myoung Gimm, Soichi Watanabe

Session     KAE

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Friday, August 19, 13:40-17:20

Room        Loft

13:40         KAE.1  RESEARCH OF TISSUE/ORGAN SPECIFIED SAR WITH CHINESE FEMALE ANATOMICAL MODEL ON 12 FREQUENCIES

T. Wu, B. Lu, Q. Shao, China Academy of Telecommunication Research, Beijing, China;  J. Wiart, WHIST Joint Laboratory between INSTITUT TELECOM and Orange Labs, Issy-les-moulineaux, France  

Wide-band EMF exposure is very popular in modern society. People could be simultaneously exposed by EMF with multiple frequencies from several incident directions. This work utilizes the Chinese female anatomical model to perform FDTD simulation with frequencies from 20MHz to 3GHz. SAR has been calculated for each tissue/organs on 12 frequencies. For each tissue/ organ, the maximal and minimal normalized SARs have also been compared. Results show that the tissue/ organ SAR change drastically with the frequencies and incident configurations. Simplified simulation protocols should be studied to comprehensively evaluate the human exposure by wide-band EMF.

14:00         KAE.2  WHOLE-BODY AVERAGE SARS IN KOREAN MALE MODELS

A.-K. Lee, H.-D. Choi, ETRI, Daejeon, South Korea

Compliance of the reference level (electric field strength) to the basic restriction (whole-body average SAR) was examined for Korean male models at the ages of 1, 3, 5, 7 and 20. We considered the standing postures with arms up and down. The results show that the current exposure limits are not conservative in frequency regions of lower than 200 MHz and higher than 1 GHz. The lowest safety factor, which is the ratio of the WBA SAR to 4 W/kg, the threshold for adverse effects for the ICNIRP reference levels was calculated as between 30 and 3.

14:20         KAE.3  JAPANESE VOXEL-BASED COMPUTATIONAL MODELS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS

T. Nagaoka, S. Watanabe, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Tokyo, Japan

Recent years have seen development of various high-resolution human computational models using advanced computer performance, and their frequent usage in electromagnetic dosimetry for the human body. The National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT) in Japan used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data to develop anatomically realistic whole-body computational models of adult males and females, pregnant females and children of average Japanese body types. In this paper, we detail the Japanese computational models and describe various approaches to modeling and simulation with human computational models.

14:40         KAE.4  FEM BASED MORPHING OF WHOLE BODY HUMAN MODELS

D. Szczerba, E. Neufeld, M. Zefferer, B. Bhlmann, N. Kuster, Zeughaustr. 43, Zurich, Switzerland

The requirements for virtual anatomical models are constantly growing due to the rapidly developing market for medical devices. It is important to provide optimal coverage of the potential population with anatomical models (with regard to height, pose, body mass index, etc.). The Virtual Population project already provides several "base" models, some of them poseable. In this study we demonstrate the applicability of the finite element method (FEM) to achieve realistic body poses and to predict changes in body appearance following volume increase or decrease of body fat parameterizing the body mass index (BMI) up to a factor of two.

15:00         KAE.5  STATISTICAL APPROACH FOR EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT TO IEEE 802.11 BASE STATIONS IN INDOOR ENVIRONMENTS

M. A. Elsayed, A. A. Fekry, M. O. Hasna, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar;  D. Trinchero, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy  

The paper presents a methodology developed and implemented for the experimental assessment of human exposure to Indoor Base Stations compliant with the IEEE 802.11 Standards. An efficient procedure that combines simulations and measurements has been introduced and verified in selected and controlled environments. The procedure is based on a precise simulation of the electromagnetic ambience where the access points are deployed, by means of a combination of physical and ray optics. Data have been statistically analyzed and compared to measurements, to identify conservative exposure coefficients that minimize the number of measuring points, without introducing an excessive overestimate.

15:20         KAE.6  FETUS RF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS. PRELIMINARY RESULTS BASED ON THREE REALISTIC 3D DIGITAL MODELS

J. J. Wiart1,2, S. Watanabe3, I. Bloch4,2, J. Anquez4,2, J. de la Plata4,2, E. Angelini4,2, T. Boubekeur4,2, N. Faraj4,2, C. Person5,2, Y. Pinto5,2, N. Varsier1,2, T. Kientega1,2, M. Jala1,2, A. Hadjem1,2, A. Gati1,2, M. F. Wong1,2, E. Conil1,2, B. Sudret6, T. Nagaoka3, K. Wake3, O. Fujiwara7, A. Hirata7, J. Wang7, K. Saito8, M. Takahashi8, K. Ito8;  1France Telecom Orange Labs, Issy les Moulineaux, France; 2WHIST Lab, Paris, France; 3NICT, Tokyo, Japan; 4Telecom ParisTech CNRS LTCI, Paris, France; 5Telecom Bretagne, Brest, France; 6Phimeca, Paris, France; 7NITECH, Nagoya, Japan; 8Chiba University, Chiba, Japan

WHO has recommended studies dedicated to fetus exposure. The exposure assessment of fetuses is facing 3 major challenges. The first challenge is the limited number of existing anatomically corrects models of mother and fetus. The second challenge is the lack of tools allowing deforming the fetus and mother models . The third challenge is the management of the complexity of this problem to assess the statistical distribution of the exposure. The FETUS project, granted by ANR in France and JST in Japan, is dealing with these ambitious challenges. In this paper we present the works performed within this project

15:40          Tea/Coffee Break

16:20         KAE.8  VARIABILITY OF TEMPERATURE ELEVATION IN ANATOMICALLY-BASED HUMAN BODY MODELS

A. Hirata, O. Fujiwara, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Japan

Temperature elevation is a dominant factor inducing potential health effects, although specific absorption rate (SAR) is used as a metric for human protection. This paper reviews computational techniques for calculating temperature elevation in anatomically-based human models for microwave exposures. Then, variability of temperature elevation in different human models is investigated. Dominant factors influencing temperature elevation are also discussed.

16:40         KAE.9  COMPARISON OF INDUCED ANKLE CURRENTS OF THE HUMAN-BODY EQUIVALENT ANTENNAS AND ANATOMICALLY HUMAN MODELS EXPOSED TO NEARBY MONOPOLE ANTENNAS

A. Y. Simba1, A. Itou1,2, L. Hamada1, S. Watanabe1, T. Arima2, T. Uno2;  1National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Tokyo, Japan; 2Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan

In this paper, the induced ankle currents of the liquid-type human-body equivalent antennas are compared to those of their corresponding Japanese anatomical models when exposed to nearby monopole antennas. The purpose is to determining if they will be in good agreement like the case of plane wave exposure from which they were designed. We obtain good agreement in induced current for the frequencies above 45 MHz This is because at frequencies above 45 MHz, equivalent antennas appear to be at far fields of the monopole antennas, at which the fields becomes similar to those of the plane wave.

17:00         KAE.10  PEOPLE AND PLANES: DEVELOPMENT OF BROADBAND EMC MODELS OF BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS IN AIRCRAFT

M. P. Robinson, I. D. Flintoft, G. C. R. Melia, University of York, York, United Kingdom

At microwave frequencies, an aircraft can be modelled as a multi-mode, reverberant EM environment. The presence of people on board will damp its resonances, thus lowering their Q-factors and increasing the propagation loss between two points. The relevant parameter is the mean absorption cross section of the body, which is of the order of one sixth of body surface area. For EM simulations of aircraft it is necessary to develop broadband numerical phantoms to represent the people on board. These should be at an appropriate level of detail somewhere between millimetre-resolution dosimetry phantoms and homogeneous dielectric spheres.

17:20          End of the Session

GHE2 – Lightning Induced Effects in the Ionosphere and Magnetosphere, II

Session Chairs: Martin Fullekrug, Victor Pasko, Farhad Rachidi

Session     GHE2

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Friday, August 19, 14:40-17:20

Room        Topkapi A

14:40         GHE2.1  ISUAL MULTI-BAND OBSERVATIONS OF ELVES

C.-L. Kuo1, T.-Y. Huang2, S.-C. Chang1, L.-J. Lee1, J.-K. Chou1, A. Chen1, H.-T. Su1, R.-R. Hsu1, H. Frey3, S. Mende3, Y. Takahashi4, L.-C. Lee5;  1National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; 2The Pennsylvania State University Lehigh Valley, Center Valley, Pennsylvania, USA; 3University of California, Berkeley, USA; 4Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; 5National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan

The Imager of Sprites and Upper Atmospheric Lightning (ISUAL) experiment on the FORMOSAT-2 satellite inferred the global occurrence rates of sprites, halos and elves to be ~1, ~1 and 35 events/min, respectively [Chen et al., 2008; Hsu et al., 2009]. Hence, elve is the most abundant type of transient luminous events (TLEs). From analyzing brightness observed by ISUAL Imager through different filters (1PN2, 762, 630, 557.7, 427.8 nm), the relative intensity of the OH (9,3), O1D, O1S, 1NN2+ and O2 Atmosphere band (0,0) emissions in elves will be discussed.

15:00         GHE2.2  SPRITE HALO STRUCTURES AND STREAMER ONSET

H. C. Stenbaek-Nielsen1, M. G. McHarg2, R. Haaland3, T. Kanmae1;  1University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States; 2US Air Force Academy, Col. Springs, Colorado, United States; 3Fort Lewis College, Durango, Colorado, United States

Imaging of sprites at 16,000 frames per second indicates that streamers may be spawned from spatial structure in the preceding sprite halo. The halo structures descend rapidly with the sprite halo, but slow down and stop to form the stationary glow seen in the vicinity region of the streamer onset. The streamers emerge suddenly from the halo structure propagating downwards at ~10^7 m/s. The velocities during the rapid descend of the halo are similar to those of the streamers. The luminous halo structures last longer than the main halo, which fades prior to streamer formation.

15:20         GHE2.3  MULTIPLE ION SPECIES FLUID MODELING OF SPRITE HALOS

N. Liu, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, United States

Sprite halos are brief descending glows appearing at the lower ionosphere boundary, following strong cloud-to-ground lightning discharges. In this talk, we report a modeling study of sprite halos by using a recently developed 2D fluid model of multiple ion species. The model species include electrons, O-, light positive and negative ions, and positive and negative cluster ions. The O- ions are treated separately from other light negative ions, because electron detachment of O- can proceed very fast under certain conditions. We present modeling results of time variations of ion densities and the resulting dynamics of atmospheric conductivity profile.

15:40          Tea/Coffee Break

16:00         GHE2.4  OBSERVATIONS OF LIGHTNING FLASH DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATED WITH GIGANTIC JETS

S. A. Cummer, G. Lu, J. Li, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA;  W. A. Lyons, FMA Research, Inc., Fort Collins, CO, USA;  W. H. Beasley, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA;  D. R. MacGorman, NOAA National Severe Storms Laboratory, Norman, OK, USA;  P. R. Krehbiel, W. Rison, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, NM, USA;  M. B. Cohen, Stanford University, Socorro, NM, USA;  O. van der Velde, Technological University of Catalonia, Terrassa, Spain;  T. J. Lang, S. A. Rutledge, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA  

We report the observations of two gigantic jets, one during daytime over sea and one at nighttime over land, in the context of detailed associated observations of lightning flash and discharge evolution provided by a variety of radio measurements, including lightning mapping array measurements that document the overall flash morphology and temporal dynamics.

16:20         GHE2.5  MODELLING CHANGES OF THE IONOSPHERIC POTENTIAL DUE TO LIGHTNING AND SPRITES

M. J. Rycroft, CAESAR Consultancy, Cambridge, United Kingdom;  A. Odzimek, Institute of Geophysics, Warsaw, Poland  

An analog electrical engineering model of the global atmospheric electric circuit has been constructed with thunderstorms and electrified rain clouds as generators. It has been used to estimate changes to the ionospheric potential (~ +250 kV) due to lightning and sprites. It has been found that this is: (i) +3.7V for a negative cloud-to-ground (CG) discharge having a typical return stroke current of 30 kA, (ii) - 43 V for a typical positive CG discharge with a 2 kA continuing current lasting 90 ms, (iii) -2.3V for an intra-cloud discharge, and (iv) -1.0V for a sprite.

16:40         GHE2.6  TLE PRODUCING IONOSPHERIC DISTURBANACES: OBSERVATION AND NUMERICAL MODELING

Y. Hobara, M. Iwamoto, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan;  K. Ohta, Chubu University, Aichi, Japan;  T. Otsuyama, Electronic Navigation Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan  

This paper reports on the direct comparison between experimental and numerical results of the ionospheric disturbances associated with red sprites in the mesosphere. The ionospheric disturbances due to the sprite ionization column is observed by monitoring of the amplitude and phase of distant VLF transmitter signals at several locations in Japan, whilst the numerical computation to calculate the spatio-temporal dependence of the observed VLF waves is performed by using a two-dimensional FDTD method. As a result, the observed maximum scattered amplitude and phase changes are in close agreement with the numerical results both for carrot and column sprites.

17:00         GHE2.7  WAVEFORMS OF NIGHTTIME ATMOSPHERICS AS A MEASURE OF THE LOWER IONOSPHERIC ELECTRON DENSITY PROFILES OVER UK AND FRANCE ON AUGUST 31, 2008

V. P. Pasko, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States;  M. Fullekrug, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom  

We use FDTD modeling to perform time domain analysis of night-time atmospherics observed near Bath UK on August 31st 2008. The electric field waveforms of CG lightning located at 330+-5 km and 530+-5 km away from the radio receiver are averaged to produce one waveform for each distance that are subsequently used for comparison with FDTD modeling. The results indicate that the observed averaged waveform at 530 km can be best represented by the electron density profile with height h'=87 km and sharpness beta=1 km-1, using notations of Wait and Spies [1964].

17:20          End of the Session


 

AC – Communication Metrology

Session Chairs: Ozlem Kilic, P. Murphy

Session     AC

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Saturday, August 20, 08:00-10:40

Room        Dolmabahçe C

08:00         AC.1  THE REVIEWS AND PROSPECTS FOR RADIOMETER CALIBRATION RESEARCH OF BIRMM

C. Cheng, Y. Yang, H. Zhai, F. Nian, W. He, T. Chen, Beijing Radio Institute of Metrology and Measurement, Beijing, Address: No.50 Yongding Road, Beijing, China, beijing, China

The reviews and prospects for radiometer calibration research of BIRMM (Beijing Radio Institute of Metrology and Measurement) are presented in this paper. The papers interests are concentrated on three principal parts as follows. Firstly, the timetable about research for radiometer calibration target is shown in a figure according to time sequence since 1995. Second, the traceability link for calibration targets, including their operational theory, is introduced in the section III and section IV concisely. Finally, the discussion about two key points of radiometer calibration and summary based on content above are presented in the end.

08:20         AC.2  BATTERY BASED VERTICAL HANDOVER BETWEEN WIMAX AND WLAN TECHNOLOGIES

M. Z. Habeib, H. A. E. A. Elsayed, S. H. Elramly, M. M. Ibrahim, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt

Nowadays, the battery life time becomes one of the most important challenges of the next generation wireless networks especially for mobile equipments that support more than wireless technologies. Different wireless technologies have different battery energy consumption levels. In this paper we propose a methodology for triggering the handover process among different wireless technologies based on the user terminal battery level status. Our study will efficiently saves the battery life time of the user terminal based on its surrounding wireless access technologies and its mobile terminal capabilities.

08:40         AC.3  INTERMODULATION BEAM SPREADING IN DISTRIBUTED COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

A. I. Zaghloul1,2, O. Kilic3;  1US Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, United States; 2Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Falls Church, VA, United States; 3The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, United States

In active multiple-beam distributed communication systems, power amplifiers are shared between different beams, creating conditions of multi-tone operation of the amplifiers. Amplifier nonlinearities result in the creation of undesirable intermodulation components within transmit and receive bands. Coherent radiations of the intermodulation components follow certain beam patterns with special distributions that are different from the main beams in the system. The formation of the intermodulation beams and their spread over the coverage area are such that the interference caused by the intermodulation products occurs at reduced values and contributes minimally to the reduction in the system S/N ratio.

09:00         AC.4  VARIATION OF RADIO REFRACTIVITY GRADIENT AND EFFECTIVE EARTH RADIUS FACTOR (K-FACTOR) OVER AKURE, SOUTH WESTERN NIGERIA

A. T. Adediji, O. M. Ajewole, Federal University of Technology, Akure. Nigeria., Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria

Measurements of atmospheric pressure, temperature and relative humidity were made in Akure, South Western Nigeria using Wireless weather stations positioned at different height levels beginning from the ground surface and at intervals of 50m to an altitude of 200m on a TV tower. From the data collected, radio refractivity, its gradient and effective earth radius factor (k-factor) was calculated. The results show that refractivity values were high during the rainy season. The average refractivity gradient is -52.8N/km and the average value of k-factor is 1.51 for the two years of this report.

09:20          Tea/Coffee Break

09:40         AC.5  AN IMPROVED SCHEME TOWARDS FAST HANDOVER IN A HIERARCHICAL MOBILE NETWORK

R. Chaki, N. Guhaniyogi, West Bengal University of Technology, Kolkata, W.B., India

Network mobility support is a matter of great concern in mobile IPv6. The authors have proposed an innovative scheme for handling the delay due to handover. The proposed scheme aims to free Mobility Anchor Point (MAP) from overload, while guaranteeing low latency due to handoff.

10:00         AC.6  3.3 - 3.7 GHZ 1800 HYBRID COUPLER DESIGN

O. Kizilbey, O. Palautcuogullari, TUBITAK BILGEM, Kocaeli, Turkey

This paper presents a microstrip coupler, composed of two parts. The first one is a Wilkinson divider which provides separation between the two output ports. The second is phase shifter composed of two filters consisting of 3 dB 180 degree hybrid couplers, the coupled and transmitted port being short circuited or open circuited on the bottom and top surfaces of printed circuit board. The simulation results are valid over the 3.3-3.7 GHz band and contain the coupling between input and output ports as well as phase shift isolation 3.3 dB and 178 degree and 20 dB.

10:20         AC.7  A COMPACT SIZE RECONFIGURABLE PIFA ANTENNA FOR USE IN MOBILE HANDSET

I. T. Elfergani1, R. A. Abd-alhmeed1, C. H. See1, T. Sadeghpour1, S. M. Jones1, P. S. Excell2, Y. A. Dama1;  1University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom; 2Glyndŵr University, Wrexham, Werxham, United Kingdom

A planar inverted-F type reconfigurable antenna with slot is presented. The antenna can cover frequency bands which include Digital Cellular Service (DCS: 17101880 MHz), Personal Communication Service (PCS: 18501990 MHz), and Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS: 19002200 MHz). Initially, the reconfigurability of the proposed antenna is achieved by attaching lumped capacitor over the slit of the radiator with values range from 1.5- 4pf. The measured and simulated results reveal that the fabricated proposed antenna is capable of obtaining tunable frequency ratio from 1850MHz to 2200MHz with overall size of 2113.55 mm3.

10:40          End of the Session

B12 – Novel Mathematical Methods in Electromagnetics

Session Chairs: Yury Shestopalov, Kazuya Kobayashi

Session     B12

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Saturday, August 20, 08:00-10:40

Room        Anadolu Auditorium

08:00         B12.1  ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING AND RADIATION OF WAVES BY A THIN TOROIDAL TUBE WITH SEMI-TRANSPARENT WALLS

M. A. Lyalinov, S.Petersburg University, Insitute in Physics, Dept. Mathematical Physics, S. Petersburg, Russian Federation

The work deals with a scalar model of wave scattering and radiation by a thin toroidal tube with the varying longitudinal ``conductivity''. The walls of the toroidal tube are assumed to be semi-transparent for the waves. The corresponding boundary conditions represent a direct scalar analog of the electromagnetic boundary conditions describing electromagnetic properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) recently discussed in the literature. The length of the tube is much greater than its thickness. The leading term of the formal asymptotics is developed and analyzed. The scattering amplitude is then considered and its resonant properties are discussed.

08:20         B12.2  1/R^2-KERNEL CANCELATION IN CLASSICAL MARCHING-ON-IN-TIME SCHEMES

A. Geranmayeh, W. Ackermann, T. Weiland, Technische Universitaet Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany

Cancelation of 1/R^2-associated integrals in numerical solution of the magnetic field integral equations are explained to halve the computational costs of the classical marching-on-in-time (MOT) schemes in which the delay time is approximated by the barycentric distance of the patches. The new technique improves the accuracy of the MOT as the resulting interpolation coefficients for calculation of impedance matrices became independent of the electrical distance of surface elements. Additionally, the analytical closed-form expressions for calculation of the remaining 1/R^3-associated integrals allow the fast calculation of the retarded matrices on demand.

08:40         B12.3  EIGENCURRENT EXPANSION AND LINEAR EMBEDDING VIA GREENS OPERATORS APPLIED TO DESIGN OPTIMIZATION OF DEVICES IN ELECTROMAGNETIC BAND-GAP STRUCTURES

D. Duque, V. Lancellotti, B. P. de Hon, A. G. Tijhuis, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Eindhoven, Netherlands

An efficient formulation based on the linear embedding via Green's operators (LEGO) and the eigencurrent expansion method (EEM) to optimize composite wave interaction structures is presented. In LEGO a composite structure is chopped in bricks that are characterized through scattering operators and the interaction among them is capture with transfer operators. To efficiently deal with large structures, LEGO is endowed with the EEM. We show how any optimization can be performed using a operator defined over few bricks enclosing the space where the fields are sampled. This operator naturally separates the domain to be optimized from the fixed one.

09:00         B12.4  SCATTERING OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES BY INHOMOGENEOUS DIELECTRIC GRATINGS LOADED WITH PARALLEL PERFECTLY CONDUCTING STRIPS

T. Yamasaki, R. Ozaki, T. Hinata, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan

In this paper, we have proposed a new method for the scattering of electromagnetic waves by inhomogeneous dielectric gratings loaded with parallel perfectly conducting strips using the combination of improved Fourier series expansion method and point matching method. Our approach also can treat periodic configurations having arbitrary combinations of dielectric, metallic, and perfectly conducting components. Numerical results are given for the transmitted scattered characteristics for the case of frequency loaded with parallel perfectly conducting strips for TE and TM waves.

09:20          Tea/Coffee Break

09:40         B12.5  THE CAPACITY CHANGE OF A BOUNDED OBJECT IN A PARALLEL PLATE CAPACITOR

G. Kristensson, Lund University, Lund, Sweden

The change in capacitance, if an object is introduced in a parallel plate capacitor, is analyzed. The integral representation of the potential is exploited in a systematic way to solve the potential everywhere inside the capacitor. In particular, the change in capacitance is extracted. The method shows similarities with the null field approach to solve dynamic problems.

10:00         B12.6  SEM-BASED ANALYSIS OF ANTENNA RADIATION PROPERTIES

D. Caratelli, A. Yarovoy, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands

A novel analytical singularity-expansion-method-based approach to the modeling of transient antenna radiation is presented. Any electromagnetic field prediction model can be used to derive a minimal spherical harmonic expansion of the equivalent currents excited along a Huygens surface enclosing the antenna under analysis. In this way, the time-domain electromagnetic field radiated in the Fraunhofer region is evaluated analytically in terms of a newly introduced class of incomplete modified Bessel functions as the superposition of non-uniform spherical wave contributions which account for the natural resonant processes occurring in the structure.

10:20         B12.7  SPECTRAL PROPERTIES OF THE QUARTER-PLANE PROBLEM USING THE WIENER-HOPF METHOD

V. Daniele, G. Lombardi, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy

This paper reviews the two dimensional spectral formulation of the quarter-plane problem using the Wiener-Hopf method. Properties of this representation are investigated and an approximate method for the solution is proposed using the Fredholm factorization method together with recursive equations.

10:40          End of the Session

C13 – Signal Processing Advances for Cognitive Radio

Session Chairs: Vinod Prasad, Jacques Palicot

Session     C13

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Saturday, August 20, 08:00-10:40

Room        Dolmabahçe A

08:00         C13.1  AUTOMATIC MODULATION CLASSIFICATION FOR COGNITIVE RADIOS USING CUMULANTS BASED ON FRACTIONAL LOWER ORDER STATISTICS

M. Narendar, A. P. Vinod, A. S. Madhukumar, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore;  A. K. Krishna, European Aeronautics Defense and Space, Singapore, Singapore  

Blind classification of the received signal finds an important application in software defined radio (SDR) and cognitive radio (CR) systems. The challenging task in AMC is to classify the received signal into a modulation type without any prior information about the transmitted signal. This becomes even more difficult when the received signal is corrupted by adverse channel conditions such as noise and fading. This paper presents a method for the automatic classification using cumulants derived using fractional lower order statistics. The performance of the classifier is presented in the form of probability of correct classification under noisy and fading conditions.

08:20         C13.2  HIGHER ORDER STATISTICS CLASSIFICATION OF MULTI-USER CHIRP MODULATION SIGNALS USING CLUSTERING TECHNIQUES

H. A. Elsayed, S. E. El-Khamy, M. M. Rizk, Faculty of engineering-Alexandria university-Egypt, Alexandria 21544, Egypt

DIGITAL SIGNAL CLASSIFICATION USING CLUSTERING HAS MANY APPLICATIONS IN THE CIVILIAN AND MILITARY DOMAINS. MOST OF THE PROPOSED CLASSIFIERS CAN ONLY RECOGNIZE A FEW TYPES OF DIGITAL SIGNALS. THIS PAPER PRESENTS A NOVEL TECHNIQUE THAT DEALS WITH THE CLASSIFICATION OF THE MULTI-USER CHIRP MODULATION SIGNALS USING CLUSTERING TECHNIQUES. IN THIS TECHNIQUE, A COMBINATION OF HIGHER ORDER MOMENTS AND CUMULANTS ARE PROPOSED AS THE EFFECTIVE FEATURES. SIMULATION RESULTS SHOW THAT THE PROPOSED TECHNIQUE IS ABLE TO CLASSIFY THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF CHIRP SIGNALS IN ADDATIVE WHITE GAUSSIAN NOISE CHANNEL AND FUZZY C-MEANS CLUSTERING OUTPERFORM FUZZY K-MEANS CLUSTERING.

08:40         C13.3  ENHANCED HYBRID SPECTRUM SENSING ARCHITECTURE FOR COGNITIVE RADIO EQUIPMENT

Z. I. Khalaf, A. Nafkha, J. Palicot, Supelec/IETR, Rennes, France

Spectrum sensing is an important process in cognitive communication and must be performed accurately. In this paper we propose a low complexity detector based on a combination of two well-known and complementary spectrum sensing methods: energy and cyclostationary detection. The cyclostationary detector is used to estimate the noise level N0, which is then used to fix the threshold of the energy detector. Simulation results show promising performances of the proposed detector in low Signal to Noise Ratio.

09:00         C13.4  DTV SPECTRUM SENSING WITH PILOT TONE FILTERING

A. Eksim, TUBITAK-BILGEM, Kocaeli, Turkey;  S. Kulac, Turk Telekom Group, Ankara, Turkey;  M. H. Sazli, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey  

In cognitive radio communication technique, unlicensed users monitor the existence and availability of licensed (primary) users spectrum and attempt to exploit it when the primary users do not use their spectrum. In this technique, an effective spectrum sensing is very crucial for not to disturb primary user. One of the most effective spectrum sensing approaches is pilot tone detection. In this paper, an effective pilot tone detection method is proposed. In the proposed method, Goertzel Algorithm is used in this pilot tone detection and pilot tones have been detected correctly on actual DTV signal records.

09:20          Tea/Coffee Break

09:40         C13.5  A SPATIAL AND SPECTRAL DETECTION APPROACH FOR PRIMARY USER INTERFERENCE

W. T. E. Lee, A. P. Vinod, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore

The objective of cognitive radio is to allow utilization of unused frequency bands allocated to Primary Users by Secondary Users while maintaining negligible interference to PUs. This paper proposes a method for interference avoidance to PUs by combining beamforming based spatial signal processing and compressed sensing technique with Fast Filter Bank based spectral signal processing. Simulation results show that if a frequency band for SU is selected such that it is adjacent to a PU, with the aid of diversity gained from spatial signal processing, the interference by SUs to PUs can be further reduced by at least 20dB.

10:00         C13.6  ENERGY DETECTION LIMITS UNDER NOISE UNCERTAINTY AND LOG-NORMAL APPROXIMATION OF CHI-SQUARE DISTRIBUTIONS

W. Jouini, D. Le Guennec, C. Moy, J. Palicot, SUPELEC, Cesson Sevigne, France

We reconsider the case of Log-Normal approximated noise uncertainty. Thus, we suggest and analyze a LogNormal approximation of Chi-square distributions. We evaluate this approximation and compare it to the usually suggested Normal approximation. We show that the introduced Log-Normal approximation of Chi-square distributions offers a better fit than the Normal approximation. Moreover, we apply this approximation to analyze energy detection limits under LogNormal approximated noise uncertainty. The considered model and the mathematical approximation enable us to present a new expression of the \textit{SNR-wall} that depends on the desired detection performances and the noise uncertainty.

10:20         C13.7  A COOPERATIVE RESOURCE ALLOCATION STRATEGY FOR MULTI-RATE TRANSMISSIONS IN WIRELESS NETWORKS.

N. O. El-Ganainy, Arab Academy of science and Technology, Alexandria, Egypt;  S. E.-S. El-Khamy, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt  

This paper proposeS a cooperative bandwidth allocation strategy for conventional multi-rate transmission in wireless networks. It efficiently assigns the available bandwidth according to the transmission rate without additional power consumption. The low rate users cooperate with the high rate users by dedicating a part of their bandwidth to either relay the data or send a part of it. A thorough performance assessment is performed to evaluate the proposed strategy against conventional management that fairly share the bandwidth regardless of the transmission rate. The cooperative strategy illustrates enhanced performances and remarkable capability to support higher rates under different transmission conditions.

10:40          End of the Session

DF – Hyperspectral Sensing and LIDAR

Session Chairs: Emile Schweicher, Maurus Tacke

Session     DF

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Saturday, August 20, 08:00-10:40

Room        Dolmabahçe B

08:00         DF.1  OPEN FIELD TRIALS OF LIDARS & HS (HYPERSPECTRAL SENSORS), PART 1

E. Schweicher, RMA (Royal Military Academy), Brussels, Belgium

Two kinds of sensors will be highlighted (and shortly explained whenever necessary): 1. 3-D lidars (or laser radars) 2. Hyperspectral Sensors (HS). Using results recorded during the NATO field trials SCI-145, it will be shown that both previous sensors are able to defeat most CCD (Camouflage, Concealment & Deception) measures.

08:20         DF.2  OPEN FIELD TRIALS OF LIDARS & HS (HYPERSPECTRAL SENSORS), PART 2

E. Schweicher, RMA (Royal Military Academy), Brussels, Belgium

Two kinds of sensors will be highlighted (and shortly explained whenever necessary): 1. 3-D lidars (or laser radars) 2. Hyperspectral Sensors (HS). Using results recorded during the NATO field trials SCI-145, it will be shown that both previous sensors are able to defeat most CCD (Camouflage, Concealment & Deception) measures.

08:40         DF.3  HYPERSPECTRAL SENSING FOR DETECTION OF IMPROVISED EXPLOSIVE DEVICES, PART 1

M. Tacke, Fraunhofer IOSB, Ettlingen, Germany

NATO under a variety of technology groups has been involved in the Development and Applications of Lasers for the last 5 decades. This presentation will recap the history of this laser development and testing for military applications.

09:00         DF.4  HYPERSPECTRAL SENSING FOR DETECTION OF IMPROVISED EXPLOSIVE DEVICES, PART 2

M. Tacke, Fraunhofer IOSB, Ettlingen, Germany

NATO under a variety of technology groups has been involved in the Development and Applications of Lasers for the last 5 decades. This presentation will recap the history of this laser development and testing for military applications.

09:20          Tea/Coffee Break

09:40         DF.5  HYPERSPECTRAL ANOMALY DETECTION: A COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF METHODS

D. C. Borghys1, V. Achard2, S. R. Rotman3, N. Gorelik3, C. Perneel1, E. Scwheicher1;  1Royal Military Academy, Brussels, Belgium; 2French Aerospace Lab (ONERA), Toulouse, France; 3Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel

Anomaly detection methods in hyperspectral data have received a lot of attention for various applications. Their aim is to detect pixels in hyperspectral data whose spectra differ significantly from the background spectra. Anomaly detection methods estimate the spectra of the background and then detect anomalies as pixels with a large spectral distance w.r.t. these background spectra. The aim of this paper is to compare the results of different types of anomaly detection when they are applied to scenes with different complexity: urban scenes with different complexity and rural scenes with sub-pixel anomalies.

10:00         DF.6  (withdrawn)

10:20         DF.7  SPREADING OF RADIAL GAUSSIAN BEAM ARRAY IN TURBULENT ATMOSPHERE

B. Luo1, H. Tang2, B. Ou2, H. Guo1;  1Peking University, Beijing, China; 2Beihang University, Beijing, China

The laser beam array is often encountered and widely used in many fields, and its propagation through the turbulent atmosphere is a very important subject in the case of remote sensing, imaging and communication systems. We investigate the spreading of radial Gaussian beam array under non-Kolmogorov model. The results indicate that the beam spreading width depends greatly on the beam number and the generalized exponent of the non-Kolmogorov model. The optimum ring radius, which leads to a minimum beam spreading width, is suggested. When the turbulence is strong, the optimization effect by the ring radius is weakened.

10:40          End of the Session

E11 – EMC and Signal Integrity

Session Chair: Rodolfo Araneo

Session     E11

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Saturday, August 20, 08:00-10:40

Room        Galata

08:00         E11.1  TRANSIENT ANALYSIS OF CROSSTALK IN PCB INTERCONNECTS INCLUDING PROCESS VARIATION

P. Manfredi, I. S. Stievano, F. G. Canavero, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy

This paper addresses the generation of an enhanced transmission line model for the transient analysis of long bus-like interconnects with the inclusion of parameters uncertainties. The proposed approach is based on the expansion of the well known frequency-domain telegraph equations in terms of orthogonal polynomials and on the back conversion to time domain via Fourier superposition. An application example involving the crosstalk analysis of a PCB coupled-microstrip interconnect with uncertainties in the relative dielectric permittivity and trace separation concludes the paper.

08:20         E11.2  NOISE COUPLING FROM SINGLE-ENDED OR DIFFERENTIAL SIGNALING TO NEARBY POWER TRACE

F. Xiao, Y. Kami, University of Electro-Communications, Chofu_city, Tokyo, Japan

Power and ground planes in the multilayer PCB exhibits cavity resonance. Replacing the power supply planes by traces can considerably reduce the noise in the reference or ground. The power trace, however, may be coupled by nearby single-ended or differential signaling. The noise coupling from a single-ended or differential signaling to a nearby power trace is investigated in this work. First, the telegrapher's equations for multiconductor lines are applied. The analysis and results of the noise coupling are obtained by using the mode decomposition technique. The results will be used as guidelines in the future interconnect design.

08:40         E11.3  INFLUENCE OF THE TRAPEZOIDAL CROSS-SECTION OF SINGLE AND COUPLED INVERTED EMBEDDED MICROSTRIP LINES ON SIGNAL INTEGRITY

D. Vande Ginste, D. De Zutter, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium

The influence of the shape of the cross-section of metallic conductors on the signal integrity behavior of on-chip interconnects is investigated. It is shown that, thanks to an advanced modeling technique based on the Dirichlet to Neumann boundary operator, this influence can be accurately predicted. As a case study, a single inverted embedded microstrip (IEM) line and a pair of coupled IEMs are considered. These structures are first described in terms of their resistance, inductance, capacitance, and conductance transmission line parameters. Second, a signal integrity study is performed in terms of time domain transmission eye diagrams and crosstalk.

09:00         E11.4  MEASUREMENT OF SPURIOUS INTERFERENCE EFFECTS DUE TO THE EXCITATION OF LOW FREQUENCY LEAKY MODES IN A COVERED MICROSTRIP

J. Bernal Mendez1, F. Mesa Ledesma1, D. R. Jackson2, M. D. C. Velzquez Ahumada1, S. Saucedo Nieto1;  1Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain; 2University of Houston, Houston, USA

For a sufficiently small top cover height a leaky mode can be excited on a covered microstrip structure at low frequencies. The interference between this leaky mode and the bound mode of the structure can cause spurious effects in the signal transmitted by the line. In this work we have designed and fabricated an experimental prototype of a covered microstrip line. For that structure our numerical analysis predicts an important destructive interference effect in the transmitted signal at a given (low) frequency. This will be verified by using a commercial electromagnetic simulator and by experimental measurements.

09:20          Tea/Coffee Break

09:40         E11.5  AN EMC EXPERIMENTAL KIT FOR DEMONSTRATING THE EFFECT OF PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD LAYOUT ON THE RADIATED EMISSIONS

F. Ustuner, E. Baran, TBÝTAK BÝLGEM UEKAE, Kocaeli, Turkey

An EMC experimental kit is developed to illustrate the fundamental mechanisms of radiated emissions from printed circuit boards. The kit is then expanded to cover and demonstrate some of the EMC design techniques such as shielding and filtering that are useful for reducing radiated emissions. In this paper, the experimental kit and the experiment configurations are described. Representative results are given in order to show the PCB layout effect on the differential and common mode radiated emissions. Moreover, the need for integral application of shielding and filtering is emphasized as the outcome of the experiments.

10:00         E11.6  ON THE MODELING OF COMPLEX CIRCUITS USING BEHAVIORAL COMPONENT DESCRIPTIONS EMBEDDED INTO THE FULL-WAVE TLM METHOD

I. Scott, C. Christopoulos, D. W. P. Thomas, S. Greedy, P. Sewell, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom

The simulation of modern microwave circuits is achieved using a variety of tools, chief amongst these are full-wave field solvers and behavioral circuit simulators. While the latter has the advantage of simplicity, field phenomena such as multiple random noise sources, and complex device coupling are difficult to include. A full-wave model on the other hand incorporates these effects, but is computationally expensive. This paper demonstrates the application of behavioral models embedded into a full-wave field solver, which removes the computational overhead of simulating complex ICs using field solvers, while maintaining the generality of the behavioral model.

10:20         E11.7  AN AFFECT OF THE APERTURE LENGTH TO APERTURE WIDTH RATIO ON BROADBAND SHIELDING EFFECTIVENESS

I. B. Basyigit, P. D. Tosun, S. Ozen, S. Helhel, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey

In this study, the effect of an aperture area (between 2λ2 and 11λ2) on the Shielding Effectiveness of metallic enclosures has been measured and wavelength dependent SE measurements are introduced. Measurement setup was established operating from 6GHz to 13GHz. While the width/ length ratio varies from 1 to 16, shielding effectiveness improves by about 6.5dB at low level frequencies, reaches about 10dB at higher frequency band, and results get closer at resonance frequencies.

10:40          End of the Session

FCA – Channel Modeling, Measurements and Characterization in Communications and Remote Sensing

Session Chair: Ian Glover

Session     FCA

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Saturday, August 20, 08:00-10:20

Room        Haliç

08:00         FCA.1  INVESTIGATION OF A TIME-VARIANT DRET MODEL IN VEGETATION

S. M. Rebelo, J. Richter, University of Glamorgan, Pontypridd, United Kingdom;  R. F. Caldeirinha, T. R. Fernandes, Insituto de Telecomunicacoes, Leiria, Portugal  

In this paper, the discrete Radiative Energy Transfer is investigated as an effective mean to model wind induced time-variant vegetative radio channels. The investigated model will make use of the input parameters time-variation properties to achieve channel dynamics modeling. Analysis of both the foliated channel statistics and model performance against measured data, at 20 GHz, will be presented.

08:20         FCA.2  FPGA IMPLEMENTATION OF A LOW-COMPLEXITY FADING FILTER

K. A. Toker, Izmir University, Izmir, Turkey;  S. Ozen, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey;  A. Arsal, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey  

A low-complexity high performance Rayleigh fading simulator and its Field Programmable Gate Array implementation are presented. This proposed method is a variant of the method of filtering of the white Gaussian noise where the filter design is accomplished in the analog domain and transferred into digital domain. The proposed method outperforms AR(20) filter and modified Jakes generators in performance. Although IDFT method achieves the best performance, it brings a significant cost in storage. The proposed method achieves high performance with the lowest complexity, and its performance has been verified on commercially available FPGA platforms.

08:40         FCA.3  OPTIMIZATION OF 3D RAY TRACING FOR MIMO INDOOR CHANNEL

E. Haddad, N. Malhouroux, France Telecom Orange Labs, Belfort, France;  P. Pajusco, M. Ney, Telecom Bretagne Lab-STICC, Brest, France  

In this paper, an optimization of 3D ray tracing for MIMO indoor channel is presented. First, the evolution of the predicted wideband parameters with the number and type of interactions of the simulated channel is analyzed and the relevant phenomena to take into account during simulations are specified. Then, an efficient approach to consider the diffuse scattering is presented. It extends 3D ray tracing by associating a scattering cluster with each interaction point of the ray. Comparisons with measurements show that adding scattering into simulations substantially improves the accuracy of the prediction of spatio-temporal channel parameters.

09:00         FCA.4  DEVELOPMENT OF 4X4 FULL-MIMO CHANNEL SOUNDER OPERATING AT 11 GHZ WITH 400 MHZ BANDWIDTH UTILIZING SOFTWARE RADIO ARCHITECTURE

J.-I. Takada, Y. Konishi, B. Gao, M. Kim, M. Ghoraishi, S. Suyama, H. Suzuki, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan

This paper reports the development of MIMO channel sounder operating at 11 GHz with 400 MHz bandwidth. The sounder utilizes the software radio architecture to measure the full MIMO channels simultaneously, since the same hardware can be also used to test the real-time data transmission.

09:20          Tea/Coffee Break

09:40         FCA.5  EXPERIMENTAL THROUGHPUT ANALYSIS FOR 802.11N SYSTEM AND MIMO INDOOR PROPAGATION PREDICTION

Y. A. S. Dama1, R. A. Abd-Alhameed1, S. M. R. Jones1, D. Zhou2, M. B. Child1;  1University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom; 2University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom

This paper presents an analysis of a commercial 802.11n MIMO 2x3 dual band (2.4 & 5 GHz) system focusing on the operational throughput performance over an indoor environment with Line of Sight and NLOS scenarios. Although many authors have provided evidence on the effectiveness of this technology in field strength distribution, throughput or propagation-simulation environments, efforts on all parameters combined is limited. This paper also intends to elucidate the comparison of these metrics by evaluating the system, focusing on physical measurements of the operational performance, in comparison with simulations of the field strength distribution over an indoor environment.

10:00         FCA.6  EMPIRICAL MODEL OF A 802.11 AB/G CHANNEL CAPACITY IN HOME ENVIRONMENT

H. Sizun, URSI-France, Lannion, France;  V. Guillet, S. Durieux, Orange Labs, Belfort, France  

The knowledge of the transmission channel allows to apprehend the optimal location of WIFI access points and to determine hoped throughputs. In this communication, after describing the experimental set-up, the studied environment and the realized measurements, we present models of transmission channel capacity vs field strength and distance in home environment for different services (voice, data, video) en 802.11 ab/g context.

10:20          End of the Session

GHE3 – Electromagnetic Effects in Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere Coupling

Session Chairs: Masashi Hayakawa, Sergey Pulinets

Session     GHE3

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Saturday, August 20, 08:00-10:40

Room        Topkapi A

08:00         GHE3.1  IONOSPHERIC PERTURBATIONS OBSERVED BY DEMETER IN RELATION WITH THE SEISMIC ACTIVITY

M. Parrot, LPC2E/CNRS, Orleans, France

DEMETER is a low orbiting satellite (660 km) which was operating for more than six years to study ionospheric perturbations in relation with seismic activities. For this purpose, it recorded wave and plasma parameters all around the Earth (except in the auroral zones) at two different local times (10.30 and 22.30 LT). This paper will present examples of events observed prior to earthquakes. As the ionosphere is highly variable, the paper will also show statistical analysis performed on the ionospheric parameters during night time.

08:20         GHE3.2  A STATISTICAL STUDY ON THE CORRELATION BETWEEN LOWER IONOSPHERIC PERTURBATIONS AS SEEN BY SUBIONOSPHERIC VLF/LF PROPAGATION AND EARTHQUAKES

M. Hayakawa, Y. Kasahara, T. Nakamura, F. Muto, T. Horie, S. Maekawa, Y. Hobara, Univ. of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Japan;  A. A. Rozhnoi, M. Solovieva, O. A. Molchanov, Institute of Physics of the Earth, Moscow, Russia  

An extensive period of data over seven years from January 2001 to December 2007 and a combination of different propagation paths in and around Japan are used to examine the statistical correlation between the VLF/LF propagation anomaly (average nighttime amplitude, dispersion and nighttime fluctuation) and earthquakes with magnitude greater than 6.0. It is then found that the propagation anomaly exceeding the 2σ (standard deviation) criterion indicating the presence of ionospheric perturbation is significantly correlated with earthquakes with shallow depth (<40km). Finally some comments on the mechanism of seismo-ionospheric perturbations are discussed.

08:40         GHE3.3  STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE ULF MAGNETIC FIELD DATA DURING EARTHQUAKE SWARM

Y. Hobara, T. Kamoi, M. Hayakawa, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan

In this paper, we intend to extract the statistical properties of seismo-ULF signatures and to address their physical mechanism. The statistical properties are calculated by using a number of frequency bands ranging from 1mHz to 2Hz for the time period of about three years around Izu Island earthquake swarm. The statistical analysis has been performed during the year of the swarm, one year before and after the swarm. As a result, the remarkable change in the shape of cumulative probability distribution starts about one month before the swarm particularly at the frequency band around 0.01Hz.

09:00         GHE3.4  ULF ELECTROMAGNETIC PHENOMENA INDUCED BY UNDERGROUND ACTIVITIES IN IZU AND BOSO PENINSULA, JAPAN DURING 2000 2010

K. Hattori, P. Han, H. Ishikawa, T. HIrano, Y. Ishiguro, F. Febriani, C. Yoshino, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan

In this study, we have investigated ULF (Ultra Low Frequency) electromagnetic phenomena possibly associated with underground activities in Izu and Boso Peninsula, Japan during 2000 2010. Daily average energy of geomagnetic signals at the frequency around 100Hz has been examined, and geomagnetic diurnal variation at each station has been investigated. It is found that there are highly confirmed anomalous electromagnetic signals during the 2002 and the 2007 slow slip events in Boso Peninsula. And geomagnetic diurnal variations observed at Boso Peninsula also exhibit unusual behaviors before the 2005 M6.1 and M6.0 earthquakes.

09:20          Tea/Coffee Break

09:40         GHE3.5  SEISMO-IONOSPHERIC PRECURSORS AND DISTURBANCES OF TOTAL ELECTRON CONTENT INDUCED BY THE 12 MAY 2008 M8.0 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE

J.-Y. Liu1,2, Y.-I. Chen1, Y. Y. Sun1;  1National Central University, Chung-Li, Taiwan; 2National Space Organization, Hsinchu, Taiwan

The GPS total electron content (TEC) of the global ionospheric map (GIM) is employed to simultaneously observe seismo-ionospheric anomalies during the 12 May 2008 M8.0 Wenchuan earthquake. It is found that TEC above the forthcoming epicenter anomalously decreases in the afternoon period of day 6 to 4 and in the late evening period of day 3 before the earthquake, but enhances in the afternoon of day 3 before the earthquake. On the other hand, a network of 6 ground-based GPS receivers in China is employed to study traveling ionospheric disturbances triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake (TIDEs).

10:00         GHE3.6  RADIOPHYSICAL TECHNIQUES OF SHORT-TERM EARTHQUAKE PRECURSORS AND THEIR CONGRUENCE. THE CASE OF L'AQUILA EARTHQUAKE OF 06 APRIL 2009

S. A. Pulinets, Fiodorov Institute of Applied Geophysics, Moscow, Russian Federation;  A. A. Rozhnoi, M. S. Solovieva, Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation;  L. Ciraolo, Institute of Applied Physics NelloCarrara, CNR, Firenze, Italy  

We studied six different parameters derived from three different radiophysical techniques used to monitor area over the central Italy around the time of LAquila M6.3 earthquake 6 April 2009. Namely VLF monitoring, ground based ionospheric sounding and GPS vertical TEC. The parameters derived from these data are: variations of amplitude of VLF signal on different propagation passes, critical frequency foF2 variations, cross-correlation coefficient for different pairs of ground based ionosondes, vertical GPS TEC time series, local variability index for the network of GPS receivers, and GPS TEC map. High congruence of techniques in time and space is found.

10:20         GHE3.7  ELECTROMAGNETICALLY EQUIVALENT DYNAMIC MODEL OF SEISMIC AND ATMOSPHERIC AND IONOSPHERIC CONJOINED NETWORK OF TURKEY: THE STATE SPACE APPROACH

T. Sengor, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey

This research concerns itself with modeling the seismicity-related geo-data as the self-optimization process of an electromagnetically equivalent device and developing a less accurate but fast model. The electromagnetically equivalent device model is extended as considering the whole Earth like a complete system. The variations at the geo-data taken at any port of the electromagnetically equivalent device model of the complete system of Earth give some functional relationships on the electromagnetic characteristics of the distributed complex network explained above. The approach is applied to Marmara and Aegean Regions of Anatolia.

10:40          End of the Session

H11 – Open session

Session Chair: O. Santolik

Session     H11

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Saturday, August 20, 08:00-10:40

Room        Topkapi B

08:00         H11.1  ACTIVE ELIMINATION OF SMALL-SCALE ORBITAL DEBRIS *

G. Ganguli, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington DC, United States

Accumulation of space debris, approximately 19,000 man-made objects larger than 10 cm and numerous smaller objects, resulting from decades of space utilization by human beings have rendered the space environment hazardous. We discuss a concept for de-orbiting small-scale debris (~ 10 cm or less) from the highly populated sun synchronous orbit region by injecting micron scale dust grains in this region to artificially increase drag on the debris. Our concept is designed to target small-scale debris in orbits with perigee above 900 km where the natural debris lifetime can be very long.

08:20         H11.2  MODEL OF PLASMA DYNAMICS AND ELECTROMAGNETIC PULSES ASSOCIATED WITH HYPERVELOCITY PARTICLE IMPACTS ON SATELLITES

A. Fletcher, S. Close, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States

We present the first results from a model that describes the interaction of a hypervelocity particle with a spacecraft, which can result in electrical damage. A hypervelocity impact will result in the vaporization and ionization of the meteoroid and part of the spacecraft, forming a plasma that rapidly expands into the surrounding vacuum. We propose a mechanism for the generation of an electromagnetic pulse by this plasma. We also present a model of the impact process and plasma expansion. We use this model to predict the total charge generated, plasma temperature, density, expansion speed, and the spectrum of radiation.

08:40         H11.3  PLASMA PARTICLE SIMULATIONS ON ELECTRIC ANTENNA AND SPACECRAFT ENVIRONMENT

Y. Miyake, Academic Center for Computing and Media Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan;  H. Usui, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan;  H. Kojima, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan  

Self-consistent simulations based on the particle-in-cell technique are applied to analysis of the plasma environment around an electric antenna on scientific spacecraft. In the analysis, we consider plasma inhomogeneity due to photoelectron emission and resulting antenna and spacecraft charging. Some modern electric antennas, such as one designed for the BepiColombo/MMO spacecraft, have distinctive devices: e.g., a photoelectron guard electrode, which greatly complicates the surrounding photoelectron distribution. We report the latest status of the modeling of such modern antennas, simulation results on antenna-plasma interactions, and their influences on electric properties of the antennas.

09:00         H11.4  REMOTE SENSING SPACE WEATHER EVENTS THROUGH IONOSPHERIC RADIO: THE AARDDVARK NETWORK

C. J. Rodger, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand;  M. A. Clilverd, British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, United Kingdom  

The Antarctic-Arctic Radiation-belt (Dynamic) Deposition - VLF Atmospheric Research Konsortium (AARDDVARK) provides a network of continuous long-range observations of the lower-ionosphere in the polar regions. The network of sensors detect changes in ionisation levels from ~30-90 km altitude, globally, continuously, and with high time resolution, with the goal of increasing the understanding of energy coupling between the Earth's atmosphere, Sun, and Space. We use the upper atmosphere as a gigantic energetic particle detector to observe and understand changing energy deposition from space weather events.

09:20          Tea/Coffee Break

09:40         H11.5  AUTOMATIC RETRIEVAL OF PLASMASPHERIC ELECTRON DENSITIES: FIRST RESULTS FORM AUTOMATIC WHISTLER DETECTOR AND ANALYZER NETWORK

J. Lichtenberger, C. Ferencz, D. Hamar, Eotvos University, Budapest, Hungary;  P. Steinbach, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary;  C. Rodger, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand;  M. Clilverd, British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK;  A. Collier, Hemanus Magnetic Observatory, Hemanus, South Africa  

There is an increasing 'demand' for electron density data for plasmasphere models in Space Weather related investigations, particularly in modeling charged particle accelerations and losses in Radiation Belts. The global Automatic Whistler Detector and Analyzer system network detects millions of whistlers in a year. An automatic analyzer algorithm was also developed for complex analysis of multiple-path propagation whistler groups., a practical implementation of such a system on a PC cluster is done. The prototype of AWDA runs on this cluster in quasi-realtime mode. We present here the first results of test runs processing whistlers from our archive database.

10:00         H11.6  APPLICATIONS OF GENERALIZED MHD RAY TRACING EQUATIONS

A. D. M. Walker, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa

Generalized ray tracing allows for propagation in a slowly-varying medium changing in space and time. This is relevant in media which have velocities comparable with the wave velocity as is the case for solar wind and magnetosheath MHD waves. We show that the cumulative error in the phase is small. Even in a medium changing by 30% per wavelength, the phase error is less than 1/20 radian per wavelength. Thus the method is useful in considering Pc3 interference effects in the magnetosphere. Results of a number of computatuions are presented to illustrate the use of the method.

10:20         H11.7  FORTHCOMING MEASUREMENTS OF PLASMA WAVES BY THE EMFISIS INVESTIGATION ON THE RBSP SPACECRAFT

C. A. Kletzing, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States

Radiation belt particle acceleration and loss is intimately connected to wave-particle interactions. To measure these interactions, NASA will launch the two-satellite Radiation Belt Storm Probes (RBSP) mission in 2012. The Electric and Magnetic Field Instrument Suite and Integrated Science (EMFISIS) investigation on RBSP is an integrated set of instruments consisting of DC magnetic field measurements from DC to 30 Hz and AC electric and magnetic fields from 10Hz to 400 kHz. Examples of key wave science such as VLF hiss, magnetosonic equatorial noise, electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves, and chorus are presented along with the mission and instrument complement.

10:40          End of the Session

J11 – New Observations and Results

Session Chairs: Subra Ananthakrishnan, Richard Schilizzi

Session     J11

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Saturday, August 20, 08:00-10:40

Room        Marmara

08:00         J11.1  INTERSTELLAR SCATTERING AS A COSMOLOGICAL PROBE

J. Y. Koay1, J.-P. Macquart1, B. J. Rickett2, H. E. Bignall1, J. E. J. Lovell3, C. Reynolds1, D. L. Jauncey4, T. Pursimo5, L. Kedziora-Chudzcer6, R. Ojha7,8;  1Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia; 2University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; 3University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; 4Australia Telescope National Facility CSIRO, Epping, New South Wales, Australia; 5Nordic Optical Telescope, Santa Cruz, la Palma, Spain; 6University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; 7The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, USA; 8NASA, Maryland, USA

Radio waves from astrophysical sources are scattered as they propagate through the inhomogeneous, ionized interstellar medium of our Galaxy, resulting in the distortion of the original signals from the source. However, we use interstellar scattering as a cosmological probe with a resolution two orders of magnitude finer than that possible through terrestrial radio interferometers. By studying changes in the scattering effects for compact sources located at increasing cosmological distances, we are able to explore the curvature of space-time, scatter broadening in the ionized intergalactic medium and the evolution of regions close to supermassive black holes in distant active galaxies.

08:20         J11.2  MURCHISON WIDEFIELD ARRAY: TRACING SOLAR DISTURBANCES FROM THE SUN TO THE EARTH

D. Oberoi1, C. J. Lonsdale1, L. Benkevitch1, I. H. Cairns2, A. J. Coster1, P. J. Erickson1, J. C. Kasper3;  1MIT Haystack Observatory, Westford, MA, United States; 2University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; 3Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA, United States

The unique and powerful diagnostic capabilities of low radio frequencies for solar, heliospheric, and ionospheric science have long been recognized, but the challenges associated with high-fidelity low frequency radio imaging have limited their exploitation. The Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) is a pioneering new interferometer, currently under construction in the radio-quiet Western Australian outback, which exploits the recent advances in digital signal processing to rise to this challenge. We present an overview of the exciting new solar, heliospheric, and ionospheric science which this instrument will enable, along with early results from a prototype array.

08:40         J11.3  MODELING RADAR SCATTERING FROM ICY LUNAR REGOLITHS

T. W. Thompson, E. A. Ustinov, E. Heggy, California Institute of Technology / Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, United States

To understand the radar signatures of lunar polar ices, an empirical two-component model with specular and diffuse components was developed. This model estimates scattering differences associated with surface roughness, thin regolith over ice, and patches of ice. This predicts that scattering from near-surface ices covered by a thin regolith can be separated from rocks if the enhancement is twice the average or more. If the lunar ice is dispersed throughout the regolith as ice filling the pores, then scattering differences might be too small to detect.

09:00         J11.4  DEVELOPMENTS IN THE RADIO SEARCH FOR EXTRATERRESTRIAL INTELLIGENCE

A. P. V. Siemion1,1, D. Werthimer1,1, D. Anderson1, H. Chen1, J. Cobb1, J. Cordes2, T. Filiba3, G. Foster4, S. Gowda3, M. Lebofsky1, A. Little1, W. Mallard1, L. Spitler2, M. Wagner1;  1University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States; 2Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States; 3University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States; 4Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom

We present developments in the search for engineered radio emissions from advanced extraterrestrial life . Our group is currently engaging in both targeted and sky survey searches for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI), covering a wide variety of narrow-band and pulsed signal types. We are also developing new SETI instrumentation, designed to be flexible, modular and to employ commodity components that lower cost and enhance upgradability. Here we will discuss the status of these observational and engineering projects, as well as prospects for future radio SETI endeavors.

09:20          Tea/Coffee Break

09:40         J11.5  GATED INTERFEROMETRIC IMAGING OF PULSARS TO DETECT OFF-PULSE EMISSION

R. Athreya, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research, Pune, India;  R. Basu, D. Mitra, National Centre for Radio Astrophysics, Pune, India  

We used the GMRT as a high time resolution gated interferometer to create off-pulse and on-pulse emission of two pulsars, B0525+21 and B2045-16. We detected off-pulse emission at the level of a few percent in both objects. The long period of the pulsars and their low spin-down energies, and consequently the highly atypical values of the required ISM particle densities make it unlikely that our detections arise in pulsar wind nebulae. The alternative explanation of magnetospheric emission raises important questions for pulsar emission models.

10:00         J11.6  AN ACCURATE FLUX DENSITY SCALE FROM 1 TO 50 GHZ

R. A. Perley, B. J. Butler, National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Socorro, NM, United States

We develop an accurate flux density scale for cm-wavelength radio astronomy by determining the flux density ratios of nine small-diameter radio sources to the planet Mars at six frequency bands between 5 and 50 GHz. These ratios, determined by the VLA with an accuracy generally better than 1%, are converted to flux density by utilizing the Mars emission model of Rudy, adjusted by the recently published absolutely calibrated WMAP observations. We present polynomial expressions for the spectral flux densities from 1 to 50 GHz or three compact non-varying sources, 3C196, 3C286 and 3C295.

10:20         J11.7  RRI-GBT MULTI-BAND RECEIVER AND PULSAR-EMISSION-CONE TOMOGRAPHY

A. A. Deshpande, Raman Research Institute, Bangalore, Bangalore, India

We report the development of a self-contained multi-band dual-polarization receiver system, simultaneously sampling signal voltages in 10 tunable bands across 100-1500 MHz wide spectral span. The primary motivation is to use this receiver with a single large aperture to enable full-Stokes tomographic probe of the pulsar emission cone, also opening attractive possibilities for other astronomical investigations. The tests and observations carried out using this system at the Green Bank Telescope (GBT), and the preliminary results from pulsar observations using GBT will be presented. (On behalf of the RRI-GBT Multi-Band Receiver Team)

10:40          End of the Session

KB – Uncertainty Management in Numerical Calculation and EM Field Dosimetry

Session Chairs: Joe Wiart, Man-Fai Wong

Session     KB

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Saturday, August 20, 08:00-10:20

Room        Loft

08:00         KB.1  EVALUATION OF THE ERROR INDUCED BY AN INCORRECT POSITIONING OF THE HANDSET AGAINST THE SAM PHANTOM FOR SAR CALCULATIONS

V. Monebhurrun, SUPELEC, Gif sur Yvette, France;  M. F. Wong, A. Gati, J. Wiart, Orange Labs R&D, Issy Les Moulineaux, France  

Inter-laboratory comparisons of Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) calculations sometimes show discrepancies between the results. An incorrect positioning of the handset may be a possible cause of the observed discrepancies. In order to evaluate the error induced by an incorrect positioning, two commercially available mobile phones with different antenna configurations are herein selected for SAR calculations using the SAM (Specific Anthropomorphic Mannequin) head phantom. Using the initial handset/phantom position defined by international dosimetric standards as the reference configuration considered to be correct, several incorrect but nonetheless acceptable handset/phantom configurations are generated and the computed SAR values compared.

08:20         KB.2  ANALYSIS OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF SPECIFIC ABSORPTION RATE INDUCED BY FIVE PLANE WAVES WITH A FAST AND NEW METHOD IN VISIBLE HUMAN

T. T. Kientega, J. J. Wiart, whist lab and France telecom, paris, France;  O. O. Picon, paris est marne la valle, paris, France  

In this paper, we analyze the variation of Whole Body Specific Absorption Rate induced in Visible Human by five plane waves with random parameters. Considering a finite set of 36 azimuth angles, the Latin Hypercube Sampling is used to design an experiment plan and perform a statistically study. Two distributions of amplitudes are used to design the plan and the different results of WBSAR for each case are compared. A simply model of WBSAR modeled as a combination of the surface projected is proposed and analyzed. The influence of inputs variables of the function is analyzed.

08:40         KB.3  SCATTERED ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD VARIATIONS DUE TO BUILDING FACADE PROPERTIES

S. Mostarshedi1, E. Richalot1, M.-F. Wong2, J. Wiart2, O. Picon1;  1Universit Paris-Est, Marne-la-Valle, France; 2Orange Labs, Issy-les-moulineaux, France

A computation method based on the Greens functions associated with the interface between two semi-infinite media is used to obtain the scattered electric field in the near and far zones of a building. A simplified model taking account of the inhomogeneities on the building facade is considered. Different sources of uncertainty for the scattered electric field related to the building facade are presented, such as the main material property, the size, type and distribution of windows. An appropriate statistical distribution is attributed to each varying parameter and the influence on the scattered field from the facade is quantified.

09:00         KB.4  ANALYSIS OF SAR PROBE PERFORMANCE IN PRESENCE OF WIDEBAND SIGNALS

A. Carta1, D. Trinchero1, A. Faraone2, R. Stefanelli1, S. Trinchero3;  1Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy; 2Motorola Labs, Fort Lauderdale, USA; 3ARPA Piemonte, Ivrea, Italy

The introduction of new digital signals with spread spectrum modulation has generated the necessity to evaluate the behavior of the available traditional instruments, which are historically used to assess the field for human body exposure. For this reason, SAR probes have been tested, in order to evaluate the uncertainties introduced on their output in presence of a set of wideband signals. A proper experimental set-up has been designed and pre-characterized.

09:20          Tea/Coffee Break

09:40         KB.5  STATISTICAL DOSIMETRY ANALYSIS IN WHOLE-BODY EXPOSURE SETUP BASED ON RATS ACTIVITY BEHAVIOR

J. Wang1, K. Wake2, S. Watanabe2, O. Fujiwara1;  1Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Japan; 2National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Tokyo, Japan

In order to determine the SAR variation during the entire exposure period in a whole-body exposure setup of rats,, a statistical analysis for the rat activity behavior is necessary. In this study, we divide the rat cage in the exposure box into nine small areas, and derive the stay frequency of rat in each area based on the classification of the documentary photos of rat activity. Using the stay frequency as a weighting factor, we calculate the statistical characteristics of the whole-body average SAR for the rats during the entire exposure period.

10:00         KB.6  ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE POSITION OF THE MOBILE ON SAR INDUCED USING POLYNOMIAL CHAOS DECOMPOSITION

A. Ghanmi, J. Wiart, A. Hadjem, E. Conil, Y. Pinto, Orange Labs, Issy les moulineaux, France

The numerical analysis of the uncertainty of the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) induced by a mobile phone requests large number of simulations. Today the FDTD is still time consuming even if large efforts have been to improve it.. In order to overcome these difficulties, statistical process has been introduced to develop a metamodel technique which parameterizes the SAR 10g. The appropriate stochastic metamodel and the PC coefficients are estimated by ordinary least-square regression. This recent metamodelling technique appears to be a relevant approach in order to reduce the number of models evaluations.

10:20          End of the Session

Public Lecture

Session Chair: Hamit Serbest

Session     PL

Type          Oral Presentation

Schedule   Saturday, August 20, 11:00-12:00

Room        Anadolu Auditorium

11:00         PL.1  LIGHTNING-INDUCED EFFECTS IN THE IONOSPHERE AND THE RADIATION BELTS

U. S. Inan, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA

Intense electromagnetic and quasi-electrostatic fields released as a result of lightning discharges are now known to significantly disturb the lower ionosphere, as evidenced in the form of high-altitude luminous glows known as sprites, elves, and gigantic jets, as well as terrestrial gamma-ray flashes.  The highly nonlinear physical mechanisms of the production of such high altitude optical emissions have been under study for the last decade, or so, with steady progress made in uncovering the highly complicated and variable observed properties.  With the basic mechanisms of the phenomena understood, current research aims at determination of the effect of these phenomena on the lower ionosphere on a global scale, by using extensive ground- and satellite-based observations to assess global occurrence rates.  Especially important in this context is the lack of understanding of the properties of the parent lightning discharges that lead to the different high-altitude manifestations.  

 

12:00          End of the Session


 

BP1 – Poster session 1

Session Chair: Karl Langenberg

Session     BP1

Type          Poster Presentation

Schedule   Tuesday, August 16, 16:00-19:00

Room        Poster Area

BP1.1         LOW-PROFILE WEARABLE UHF ANTENNA FOR PORTABLE RADIOS AND RADAR APPLICATIONS

Y.-J. Ren, Research In Motion, Irving, TX, United States

A low profile, electrically small wideband array antenna suitable for portable radios and radar applications has been developed. The availability of low loss high-permittivity ceramic materials ensures that the antenna element can be designed to cover lower UHF band in 300-1000 MHz, with only 0.11 wavelength (longest) in length, while providing very stable radiation characteristics. Composite ceramic material based, wide instantaneous operational bandwidth, omni-directional radiation pattern, high-power handling, antenna diversity capability, light weight, and simple manipulate and maintenance, are the highlighted features of the proposed portable antenna technology.

BP1.2         ELECTROMAGNETIC OSCILLATIONS IN A CYLINDRICAL CAVITY RESONATOR FILLED WITH A NONLINEAR NONDISPERSIVE MEDIUM

A. V. Kudrin, E. Y. Petrov, University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation

A new method for deriving exact axisymmetric solutions of the Maxwell equations in a nonlinear nondispersive medium lacking a center of inversion is proposed. Using this method, an implicit solution that describes free electromagnetic oscillations in a cylindrical cavity resonator filled with such a medium is found. Implications of the results obtained and their further generalization to more complex cases are discussed.

BP1.3         NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT MODELS FOR COMPLEMENTARY OMEGA-LIKE STRUCTURES LOADED MICROSTRIP LINE

N. T. Messiha, A. M. Ghuniem, Faculty of Engineering - Port-Said University, Port-Fouad, Egypt;  H. M. EL-Hennawy, Faculty of Engineering - Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt  

In this work, equivalent circuit models for a microstrip line loaded with single and two unit cells of complementary omega-like structure (COLS) are proposed. In each case, full wave electromagnetic as well as electrical simulation results are presented. Reasonable agreement has been obtained between them. The models have been found to provide a very good description for the COLS and its coupling to the host microstrip transmission line.

BP1.4         ABNORMAL PHENOMENON ON SHIELDING EFFECTIVENESS OF METALLIC ENCLOSURES WITH ONE APERTURE AT NORMAL AND OBLIQUE INCIDENCES

C. Fang, Q. Liu, S. Zheng, Q. Zhang, China ship development and design center, wuhan, China

Abnormal phenomenon on shielding effectiveness (SE) of metallic enclosures with one rectangular aperture when illuminated by the oblique and normal incidence has been studied. The work shown the usual assumption about the normal incidence being the worst-case scenario for SE values may not be valid when there is even only one aperture in the cavity. In addition, the SE of normal incidence is perfectly able to exceeds that of oblique incidence. The paper emphasizes the extension of the existing cognition of SE problem of metallic enclosures with apertures about oblique and normal incidence.

BP1.5         THE CONCAVE PARABOLIC MIRROR

P. L. E. Uslenghi, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States

The diffraction of a plane electromagnetic wave axially incident on the concave side of a perfectly conducting parabolic reflector is solved exactly and in closed form in frequency domain. The method of solution follows the technique originally proposed by Horace Lamb in 1906 who, however, was unable to solve the problem addressed herein. The present solution is obtained by matching the left- and right-propagating fields at the focal line of the mirror.

BP1.6         APERTURE FIELD ESTIMATION IN WAVEGUIDE CIRCUITS FOR NON-SINUSOIDAL, PERIODIC EXCITATION

S. Das, R. K. Gayen, Indian School of Mines - Dhanbad, Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India

In this paper an attempt has been made to analyze waveguide circuits for non-sinusoidal, periodic excitations. The excitation functions, taken as example, are trapezoidal and clipped sine wave in nature and the waveguide circuit, that has been considered, is two interacting thick inductive irises. The excitation functions have been expressed in terms of Fourier series. The circuit has been analyzed using Multiple Cavity Modeling Technique and finally the normalized electric field distribution at the apertures have been calculated and plotted. The VSWR data obtained with the present method have been compared with literature available data to validate the analysis.

BP1.7         MODELING OF THE HOLLOW WAVEGUIDES BY ANALYTICAL REGULARIZATION: TE-MODES

F. Dikmen1, O. A. Suvorova1,2, Y. A. Tuchkin1,2;  1Gebze Institute of Technology, Kocaeli, Turkey; 2Institute of Radiophysics and Electronics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkov, Ukraine

Mathematically strong and numerically efficient approach for the simulation of the waveguides and the cylindrical resonators of arbitrary profile in the case of H-(TE-) polarized waves is suggested. The approach is based on the new implementation of the Analytical Regularization Method. Special attention is drawn to the infinitely smooth profiles, which gives a possibility to achieve a super-algebraic (faster than any algebraic) rate of the methods convergence.

BP1.8         NONUNIFORM CURRENTS FLOWING ON A PERFECTLY CONDUCTING CYLINDER

H. D. Basdemir, Cankaya University, Ankara, Turkey

In this paper, we applied physical theory of diffraction (PTD) method to the perfectly electric conducting (PEC) cylinder for investigation of the scattering fields. Physical optics (PO) method was used to gain the uniform scattering field producing by the induced current from the incident wave on the tangential plane of the perfectly electric conducting cylinder. Nonuniform current and scattered field will be obtained by applying PTD method to the problem. Nonuniform currents and nonuniform scattering fields were obtained with the assistance of the exact solution of the scattering waves from the cylinder. The scattering fields and currents are plotted numerically.

BP1.9         ANALYSIS OF METAMATERIAL ABSORBER BLUEPRINTS FOR OPTICAL `BLACK HOLES'

H. Odabasi, F. L. Teixeira, The Ohio State University, Columbus, United States;  W. C. Chew, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, United States  

We discuss the derivation of metamaterial blueprints for (near-) reflectionless absorbers and their integration into optical pseudo-black hole devices. Fundamental theoretical constraints on truly reflectionless absorption models at convex surfaces are pointed out and explained by studying the analyticity of the associated constitutive tensors in the complex frequency plane. In view of such constraints, `tweaked' near-reflectionless absorbers blueprints are proposed. Simulation results of such absorber models are shown to illustrate their effectiveness in suppressing backscattering. Some basic trade-offs in the absorber performance are also pointed by examining the residual backscattering produced by different conductivity profiles.

BP1.10       CALCULATION OF SCATTERED TMZ WAVES FROM A CYLINDRICAL DIELECTRIC SCATTERER BURIED INSIDE A LOSSY GROUND

S. Makal, A. Kizilay, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey

A new numerical solution method is summarized for the problem of electromagnetic scattering from a cylindrical object of arbitrary cross-section buried in a lossy dielectric half-space that is considered to be flat. The surface equivalence principle and a decomposition method are employed to form a set of electric field integral equations (EFIEs) for the currents on the object and the portion of the surface most strongly interacting with the object. The Method of Moment (MoM) is used to solve the EFIEs in the frequency domain to obtain the scattered electric field.

BP1.11       ON THE SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF THE ANTENNA ELECTROMAGNETIC NEAR FIELD

S. M. Mikki, Y. Antar, RMC, Kingston, ON, Canada

We presents a general theory of the antenna near field in the spatial domain. The approach uses the Wilcox expansion to define a set of asymptotic spherical regions covering the entire exterior space of the antenna problem. The multipole expansion is utilized to construct nonrecursively the full near field in the exterior region starting from the far field only. The analysis led to interesting theorems regrading energy exchange processes in the near zone and also to a completely analytical evaluation of the antenna reactive energy in terms of the TE and TM modes of the antenna system.

BP1.12       GENERALIZATION OF FOCK FUNCTION FOR DIFFRACTION BY ELONGATED BODIES

I. V. Andronov, University of St.Petersburg, St.Petersburg, Russian Federation

High-frequency asymptotics of electromagnetic field diffracted by an elongated body gives an accurate approximation only at very high frequencies. A new special function describing induced currents on the surface of an elongated body is introduced. It is defined as an inverse Mellin transform of an expression containing Coulomb wave functions. The new asymptotics gives a much better approximation and can be used at sufficiently lower frequencies than the well known Fock asymptotics. This is checked by comparison with numerical results in many test examples. When the body becomes less elongated the new special function reduces asymptotically to Fock function.

BP1.13       MEIXNER'S EDGE CONDITION REVISITED FOR NEGATIVE PERMITTIVITY MATERIALS

A. N. Askarpour, M. Saviz, R. Faraji-Dana, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

The work disclosed herein investigates the edge conditions for a perfect electrically conducting wedge in a medium with negative permittivity. A typical structure has been assumed in accordance with previous works for ordinary media, and an optimization technique has been used to solve the problem numerically. Special cases of importance have been explored mathematically.

BP1.14       REFLECTION AND TRANSMISSION AT ISOTROPIC-BIAXIAL INTERFACE

J. W. Graham, J. K. Lee, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States

The problem of wave reflection and transmission at the interface between an isotropic (air) medium and biaxially anisotropic medium is solved and analyzed. We observe behavior that differs from the typical behavior at an isotropic-isotropic interface. It is seen that rotating the permittivity tensor of the biaxial medium with respect to the reference coordinate system significantly affects the reflection and transmission behavior.

BP1.15       ROOF-MOUNTED VEHICLE SINGLE-ARM SPIRAL ANTENNA WITHOUT A BALUN CIRCUIT

H. Nakano, R. Satake, K. Takeuchi, J. Yamauchi, Hosei University, Tokyo, Japan

The deterioration in the antenna characteristics that are observed when a single-arm spiral antenna is located in front of a shallow conducting cavity can be mitigated by using an absorbing strip (ABS), which is placed behind the outer arm filaments. The use of lumped resistor elements connected to the arm end results in wideband antenna characteristics similar to those of the spiral with the ABS. A comparison between the spiral with the ABS and with the resistors shows that the former provides antenna characteristics in the lower frequency region that are more stable than the characteristics of the latter.

BP1.16       WIRE-CLOTH-MESH METAMATERIALS FOR GHZ AND THZ FREQUENCY REGIME

C. Sabah, M. D. Thomson, F. Z. Meng, H. G. Roskos, J. W. Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

Wire-cloth-mesh structures are introduced as metamaterials. They are experimentally investigated in terms of their metamaterial properties. It is shown that they exhibit pronounced pass-band characteristics in GHz and THz bands. Transmission minima are explained in terms of Rayleigh-Wood anomaly. While slow-light propagation occurs in pass-band region, fast-light outside the mentioned region. This allows us to investigate abnormal propagation effects in these materials. These meshes are commercially available as precisely fabricated chemical particle filters and come in many sizes which facilitate their application as metamaterials in optical devices, antennas, multilayer structures, and so on.

BP1.17       ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING FROM ARBITRARY FLAT PLATES: ANALYSIS OF THE PROBLEM BY USING METHOD OF MOMENTS WITH DIFFERENT SINC TYPE BASIS FUNCTIONS

B. Ozbakis1, T. Oguzer2, A. Kustepeli1;  1Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey; 2Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey

3D electromagnetic scattering problem is solved by using pulse-sinc type basis functions in the MoM procedure. MoM is applied to the scattering problems of a plane wave illuminated flat arbitrary geometries. The radar cross section results for co-polarized and cross polarized cases based on the developed pulse-sinc formulation are compared with those of the sinc-sinc based MoM formulation and with the ones obtained from SuperNEC. The results of pulse-sinc formulation are in good agreement with SuperNEC. The CPU in filling the MoM matrix elements is decreased by reducing the number of integrals to be computed.

BP1.18       METAMATERIAL SLAB EXCITED BY AN ARBITRARILY ORIENTED DIPOLE

A. E. Culhaoglu, A. Osipov, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Wessling, Germany;  P. Russer, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany  

A double negative metamaterial slab with material parameters perturbed from the ideal case n=-1 and excited by an arbitrarily oriented Hertzian dipole is considered. An arbitrarily oriented dipole excites both TE and TM modes, and depending on the degree of perturbation of the material constants the modes are transmitted unequally through the slab. Approximations in the electrostatic limit fail to predict this phenomenon. A tool for evaluating the field intensities in the focal region is developed and the imaging characteristics of the slab are investigated in the spectral domain. Differences between two types of excitation are pointed out.

BP1.19       DETECTING ELECTROMAGNETIC CLOAKS USING BACKWARD-PROPAGATING WAVES

M. A. Salem, H. Bagci, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia

A novel approach for detecting transformation-optics invisibility cloaks is proposed. The detection method takes advantage of the unusual backward-propagation characteristics of recently reported beams and pulses to induce electromagnetic scattering from the cloak. Even though waves with backward-propagating energy flux cannot penetrate the cloaking shell and interact with the cloaked objects (i.e., they do not make the cloaked object visible), they provide a mechanism for detecting the presence of cloaks.

BP1.20       COMPUTATION OF THE DYADIC GREEN'S FUNCTION FOR ELECTRICALLY AND MAGNETICALLY ANISOTROPIC MEDIA

H. C. Yaslan, V. G. Yakhno, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey;  T. M. Yakhno, Izmir University, Izmir, Turkey  

A homogeneous non-dispersive electrically and magnetically anisotropic media, characterized by a symmetric positive definite permittivity and permeability tensors are considered. An analytic method for deriving the time-dependent dyadic Green's function (DGF) in these anisotropic media is suggested. This method consists of the following: equations for each column of the DGF are reduced to symmetric hyperbolic system; using the Fourier transform with respect to space variables and matrix transformations we obtain formulae for Fourier images of the DGF columns; finally, the DGF is computed by the inverse Fourier transform. Computational examples confirm the robustness of the suggested method.

BP1.21       NEAR-FIELD OF ANTENNAS AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS

A. De, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India;  T. K. Sarkar, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA;  M. Salazar-Palma, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganes, Madrid, Spain  

Traditionally near-field zone of antenna is characterized based on the maximum dimension of the antenna. However this does not happen to be the case when the antenna is radiating over ground plane, where the height of the antenna above the ground does play a crucial role. The goal of this paper is to demonstrate the near-field behavior of antenna radiating over an imperfectly conducting ground. We first discuss the field variation with distance from the transmitter. Finally we make some observations regarding the variation of the field strength and channel capacity with the height of transmitter and receiver.

BP1.22       A TWO-DIMENSIONAL SINGLE-FIELD FDTD FORMULATION FOR OBLIQUE INCIDENT ELECTROMAGNETIC SIMULATIONS

G. Aydin1, A. Z. Elsherbeni2, E. Arvas1, J. K. Lee1;  1Syracuse University, Syracuse, United States; 2The University of Mississippi, University, United States

A set of general purpose two-dimensional single-field finite-difference time-domain updating equations for solving oblique incidence electromagnetic problems is derived. The traditional FDTD updating equations are based on Maxwell's curl equations whereas the single-field FDTD updating equations are based on the vector wave equation. Performance analyses of the singlefield formulation in terms of CPU time and memory requirement are presented along with numerical validation. It was observed that the single-field method is more efficient than the traditional FDTD formulation in terms of speed and memory requirements for oblique incident problems.

BP1.23       TEMPERATURE EFFECT ON CAVITY ANTENNA PARAMETERS

A. V. Ershov, N. I. Voytovich, V. A. Bukharin, N. N. Repin, Southern Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation

The effect of the thermodynamic strain-deformed states of a cavity antenna on its pattern and matching with a feeder are investigated. The low single-mode cylindrical resonator with the aperture in the form of partially transparent flat surface is excited through coupling holes by the second resonator placed inside the first one. It is supposed that the wall with the radiating holes is heated up by an outer source. The rest antenna part is cooled by the air free convection. The thermodynamic problem is solved by the FEM, and the electrodynamic one is solved by the FIT.

BP1.24       SCATTERING OF A GAUSSIAN BEAM FROM THE END-FACE OF A WAVEGUIDE SYSTEM

A. Komiyama, Osaka Electro-Communication University, Neyagawa, Osaka, Japan

The scattering of a Gaussian beam from the end-face of a waveguide system composed of a large number of cores is treated by the volume integral equation for the electric field and the first term of a perturbation solution for TE and TM wave incidence is analytically derived. The far scattered field does not almost depend on the polarization of an incident wave. Some numerical examples are shown.

BP1.25       AN EFFICIENT, LOW-PROFILE ANTENNA EMPLOYING LOSSY MAGNETO-DIELECTRIC MATERIALS

J. McLean, R. Sutton, TDK R&D Corp., Cedar Park, United States

It has been shown that a magnetic core in a loop antenna excludes energy from the interior reducing radiation Q and that a core with magnetic losses still provides this reduction of stored energy without excessive dissipation if the magnitude of the complex permeability is sufficiently large. We present a broadband, low-loss, low-profile antenna based on a lossy magneto-dielectric material, a Ni-Zn ferrite operating in its dispersion region. The antenna behaves as a magnetic dipole. A radiation efficiency of 90% is obtained at a frequency for which the magnetic loss tangent is greater than 10.

BP1.26       A COMPARISON OF IMPLEMENTATIONS OF A COMBINED CHARGE AND CURRENT FORMULATION OF THE METHOD OF MOMENTS

J.-W. De Bleser, E. H. Van Lil, A. R. Van de Capelle, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Heverlee, Vlaams Brabant, Belgium

Problems and solutions for implementing a combined charge and current formulation of the method of moments will be discussed. Different forms of point matching will be examined, and the stability and accuracy compared. Methods will be proposed for handling the singular integral, and results using the most accurate will be shown. It will be shown that a point-matched charge and current formulation can produce accurate results (analytical solution of a sphere used as a reference) when appropriate functions and methods are used.

BP1.27       A MODIFICATION OF THE KUMMER'S METHOD FOR EFFICIENT COMPUTATION OF THE 2-D GREEN'S FUNCTIONS FOR 1-D PERIODIC STRUCTURES

S. P. Skobelev, Radiophyzika, Moscow, Russian Federation

A new modification of the Kummer's method of M-th order is proposed for efficient computation of the 2-D Green's function for 1-D periodic structures. It consists in transformation of the auxiliary series constructed of asymptotic terms of the original spectral series into a new series which allows its summation in closed form. The new representation of the Green's functions consists of a rapidly converging difference series whose terms decay as 1/q in the (M+1)-th power, as well a new rigorous expression for the sum of the transformed auxiliary series.

BP1.28       SUPPRESSION OF SPURIOUS FREQUENCIES IN MICROWAVE DUAL-BAND BANDSTOP FILTERS

M. Saed, S. Vegesna, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, United States

This paper proposes design methods for suppressing spurious responses in single and dual-band bandstop filters. Popular methods used to suppress spurious responses in bandpass filters, such as cascading filters with different characteristics, do not work for bandstop filters. Two techniques are presented in this paper; the first method pushes the spurious response to a higher frequency while the second method suppresses it. Using the first method, the first spurious resonance was pushed from about double the resonance frequency to about three times the resonance frequency. In the second method, the spurious resonance was suppressed by more than 20 dB.

BP1.29       A PREDICTOR-CORRECTOR SCHEME FOR SOLVING THE VOLTERRA INTEGRAL EQUATION

A. Al-Jarro, H. Baðcý, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia

The occurrence of late time instabilities is a common problem of almost all time marching methods developed for solving time domain integral equations. Implicit marching algorithms are now considered stable with various efforts that have been developed for removing low and high frequency instabilities. On the other hand, literature on stabilizing explicit schemes, which might be considered more efficient since they do not require a matrix inversion at each time step, is practically non-existent. In this work, a stable but still explicit predictor-corrector scheme is proposed for solving the Volterra integral equation and its efficacy is verified numerically.

BP1.30       MICROWAVE HOLOGRAPHY IN DETECTION OF HIDDEN OBJECTS UNDER THE SURFACE AND BENEATH CLOTHES

A. Zhuravlev1, A. Bugaev2, S. Ivashov1, V. Razevig1, I. Vasiliev1;  1Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Russian Federation; 2Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russian Federation

Proposed in the article design of a continuous wave radar with programmable frequency switching and quadrature receiver is targeted as base component to a variety of radars: ground penetrating radar, body scanner, and bio-radar. Algorithms of reconstructing holograms are outlined for planar and circular apertures. High achievable resolution is demonstrated in experiments involving measurements and reconstruction of holograms in air and opaque media.

BP1.31       DOUBLE WEIGHTED FOURIER TRANSFORM FOR THE WAVE FIELD IN INHOMOGENEOUS MEDIUM: SOME RESULTS AND PROSPECTS

Y. A. Kravtsov, Maritime University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland;  M. V. Tinin, S. I. Knizhin, A. V. Kulizhsky, Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk, Russian Federation  

This paper discusses results of the application of double weighted Fourier transform (DWFT) to problems of communication and diagnostics of inhomogeneous media. An agreement is noted between DWFT results and results of geometrical optics, Rytov, and phase screen approximations. A relation has been found between DWFT and path integrals. Numerical simulation has been used to demonstrate the possibility of spatial signal processing based on inverse DWFT with resolution exceeding the Fresnel one during strong field fluctuations. The numerical simulation has also shown the potential applicability of this processing for reducing wave intensity fluctuations in inhomogeneous random media.

BP1.32       REFLECTION AND TRANSMISSION OF FULL-VECTOR X-WAVES NORMALLY INCIDENT ON DIELECTRIC HALF SPACES

M. A. Salem, H. Bagci, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia

Reflection and transmission of full-vector X-Waves incident normally on a planar interface between two dielectric half-spaces are investigated. Full-vector X-Waves are obtained by superimposing transverse electric and magnetic polarization components, which are derived from the scalar X-Wave solution. The analysis is carried out via a straightforward but yet effective method: First, The X-Wave is expanded into vector Bessel beams. Then, the reflection and transmission coefficients of the beams are obtained. Finally, the transmitted and reflected X-Waves are obtained via an inverse transform over the X-wave spectrum weighted with the corresponding coefficient.

BP1.33       GENERALIZED REGRESSION NEURAL NETWORK BASED PHASE CHARACTERIZATION OF A REFLECTARRAY EMPLOYING MINKOWSKI ELEMENT OF VARIABLE SIZE

S. Nesil, F. Guneþ, U. Ozkaya, Yýldýz Technical University, Istanbul, TURKEY;  B. Turetken, The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK), Istanbul, TURKEY  

In this paper, a simple, accurate and fast Generalized Regression Neural Network (GRNN) model is carried out to determine the phase characterization of a reflectarray unit cell employing Minkowski shape element for the different geometry parameters within the range 10-12 GHz. The recent aim of reflectarray antenna design is to have a slower slope of the reflected wave phase by varying the elements size and substrate thickness. The efficient relationship is achieved between the actual and reconstructed data with this model. This model can provide a fast, accurate interface between the antenna design and global optimization algorithms.

BP1.34       WAVE REFLECTION FROM AN INHOMOGENEOUS LAYER WITH RANDOM IRREGULARITIES

M. V. Tinin, Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk, Russian Federation

The problem of wave reflection and scattering from an inhomogeneous layer with random irregularities has been solved using the double weighted Fourier transform and the Fock proper-time method. The solution obtained in a small-angle approximation agrees with the geometrical optics approximation, the Rytov approximation and the phase screen method. However, this approach can be exploited without small-angle approximation conditions. And finally, the results of the proposed approach take the form of strict results for the layer with the linear permittivity profile and enable us to account for random inhomogeneities in such a layer.

BP1.35       WAVELET ANALYSIS FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD

M. S. Sidorenko, St-Petersburg State University, St-Petersburg, Russian Federation

We obtain an exact integral representation of the free electromagnetic field as a superposition of localized elementary solutions. The representation involves the continuous wavelet transform. The results can be used for studying electromagnetic fields with multiscale structure.

BP1.36       ACCURATE SHADOW REGION IMAGING ALGORITHM USING ELLIPSE EXTRAPOLATION BASED ON DISTORTED HYPERBOLA FITTING FOR UWB RADARS

Y. Abe, S. Kidera, T. Kirimoto, University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan

Ultra-wideband pulse radars have a definitive advantage in high-range resolution imaging and are suitable for near-field measurements. Although we have already proposed an accurate imaging algorithm called Range Points Migration (RPM), the reconstructible area of RPM is too small to identify an object shape when the object is far from the observation site in the case of limited aperture size. To resolve the problem, this paper proposes a novel image expansion method based on ellipse extrapolation, which is converted to distorted hyperbola fitting in the data space to enhance extrapolation accuracy.

BP1.37       SIMULATION OF ULTRASOUND HARMONIC IMAGING AS AFFECTED BY TISSUE PROPERTIES

J. Yu, Y. Wang, Fudan University, Shanghai, China;  J. Tan, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA  

Ultrasound harmonic imaging was simulated by numerically solving nonlinear acoustic equations for a given medium field and mimicking the B-mode scan procedures used in medical ultrasound imaging systems. The linear acoustic equations were extended to include relaxation dissipation and nonlinearity in compressibility. Pressure waves were induced by multiple transducer elements at the medium boundary and echoes from the medium field were simulated by using the finite difference time domain algorithm with absorbing boundary conditions. Simulation experiments showed the potential of simulation in analyzing ultrasound harmonic imaging process.

BP1.38       FAST AND ACCURATE IMAGING ALGORITHM FOR TARGETS BURIED IN DIELECTRIC MEDIUM FOR UWB RADARS

K. Akune, S. Kidera, T. Kirimoto, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan

UWB pulse radar with high range resolution and dielectric permeability is promising as an internal imaging technique for non-destructive testing. Various imaging algorithms for UWB radar techniques have been proposed, such as aperture synthesis. However, it has high computational cost in obtaining a full three-dimensional image. To overcome these difficulties, this paper proposes an accurate fast imaging algorithm for targets buried in a uniform dielectric medium by advancing the RPM(Range Points Migration) algorithm. Numerical simulation shows the proposed algorithm achieves imaging accuracy of around 1/20 λ with less computation time by specifying boundary extraction.

BP1.39       MODELING AND RECONSTRUCTION IN A 3D MICROWAVE IMAGING SYSTEM

A. Fhager, J. Koster, T. Rubaek, M. Persson, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden

In this paper we discuss the design and modeling of a 3D system for microwave imaging. The antenna system consists of 32 monopoles in a cylindrical configuration. A FDTD model of the system is used in the imaging reconstruction algorithm. Here we show a comparison of the data generated from the numerical FDTD model with measured data, as well as imaging of a simple target using this system. The agreement in the model is good and the imaging of a test object is successful.

BP1.40       BACK-PROJECTION ALGORITHM FOR ISAR IMAGING OF NEAR-FIELD CONCEALED OBJECTS

S. Demirci1, H. Cetinkaya2, M. Tekbas2, E. Yigit1, C. Ozdemir1, A. Vertiy2;  1Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey; 2Material Institute of TUBITAK MRC, Kocaeli-Gebze, Turkey

In this study, the detection of metal objects concealed under clothes is investigated through millimeter-wave inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging. A metallic gun is selected as the target and W-band ISAR measurements for a two-dimensional scanning geometry are carried out in our anechoic chamber measurement facility. The ISAR images of concealed object are reconstructed using the near-field back-projection algorithm. The obtained images indicate the efficient detection and identification of the gun covered with different textile types.

BP1.41       WAVE TOMOGRAPHY OF TIME-VARYING DISORDERED STRUCTURES

G. Samelsohn, Holon Institute of Technology, Holon, Israel

An original model based on the first principles is constructed for the temporal correlation of wave fields propagating in random scattering media. The predictions of this model are consistent, in general, with those of the diffusing-wave spectroscopy. It is shown that considering the wave vector as a free parameter that can vary at will, one can provide an additional dimension to the data, which results in a tomographic-type reconstruction of the full space-time dynamics of a complex structure, instead of a plain spectroscopic technique.

BP1.42       SHORT- AND LONG-RANGE PASSIVE IMAGING IN MILLIMETER-WAVE-BAND

A. A. Vertiy, S. Ozbek, A. Pavlyuchenko, M. Tekbas, A. Kizilhan, H. Cetinkaya, A. Unal, TUBITAK-MRC, MI, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey;  S. B. Panin, IRE NASU, Kharkov, Ukraine  

The millimeter-wave passive radiometric imaging systems based on the single channel design are developed. The systems are intended for disclosure of dangerous objects concealed under persons' clothing in short distances and for passive visualization of remote targets. The low-noise compact receiver (noise factor 4.5dB for 90-100GHz) involving four stages was designed. Antenna systems based on aspheric lens and parabolic reflector were adopted. The radiometric imaging peculiarities of building materials were investigated. The systems successfully recognize the metallic weapon hidden under outer clothing at a distance about 10m and visualize remote targets at a distance of 170m.

BP1.43       A TOMOGRAPHY APPROACH TO THROUGH WALL MICROWAVE AND MILLIMETER-WAVE IMAGING

H. Cetinkaya, A. Kaya, A. Unal, A. Vertiy, TUBITAK-Marmara Research Center (MRC), Kocaeli, Turkey

The detection and imaging of concealed objects like spy technologies behind a wall are important problems. For this reason, we investigate a surface tomography method used in subsurface applications in the context of through wall imaging for small objects. Through wall imaging at microwave and millimeter-wave were studied for different objects. Theoretical background is briefly described. The microwave and millimeter-wave tomography setups are presented. Measurements and are explained. The 2D and 3D reconstructed images are illustrated for all measurements in section 3. Conclusion is given in section 4.

BP1.44       RIGOROUS APPROACH TO ANALYSIS OF 2-D ELECTROSTATIC-FIELD PROBLEMS FOR MULTI- CONDUCTOR SYSTEMS

G. Safonova, E. Vynogradova, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia

The two-dimensional body potential problem is rigorously solved with emphasis on electrostatics. By the Method of Analytical Regularization, the solution is obtained from coupled second kind infinite systems of linear algebraic equations that are effectively solved numerically by a truncation method. A combination of the fast convergence with fast and accurate computation of the matrix elements makes the computational routine extremely efficient: in most cases the computational time measures a few seconds. As an example, the developed algorithm is applied to a calculation of the capacitance matrix for N arbitrary profiled charged cylinders surrounded by a grounded cylindrical shield.

BP1.45       SPURIOUS RESULTS OF EFIE AND CFIE APPLIED TO DIELECTRIC/OPTICAL WAVEGUIDES

S. Arvas, Sonnet Software, N. Syracuse, NY, United States;  J. R. Mautz, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States  

The surface Electric Field Integral Equation (EFIE) has a non-unique solution when applied to a dielectric waveguide. MoM is used to numerically solve the EFIE applied to an optical fiber. The fiber consists of a dielectric core surrounded by a cladding. The results for the fiber verify the existence of spurious results. However, no spurious results were observed when the surface Combined Field Integral Equation (CFIE) was used to calculate the modes of the fiber. Spurious results may exist when CFIE is applied to a fiber with air holes. This is proven for a circular coaxial dielectric waveguide.

BP1.46       ON THE CLASS OF A1 NUMBERS: DEFINITION, NUMERICAL MODELING, DOMAIN OF EXISTENCE AND APPLICATION

M. N. Georgieva-Grosse, Meterstrasse 4, Gerlingen, Germany;  G. N. Georgiev, University of Veliko Tirnovo, Veliko Tirnovo, Bulgaria  

The class of positive real numbers A1 is advanced by means of the ones A1-, A1+. The latter are defined with the help of the positive purely imaginary zeros of a complex Kummer function of specially picked out parameters. A method is elaborated for counting their values. Tables and graphs illustrate the outcomes of computations. The limits of the existence domains of each of the three kinds of numbers are found, too. A formula for calculation of the differential phase shift produced by the circular waveguide with azimuthally magnetized ferrite which sustains normal TE01 mode is suggested, employing the A1.

BP1.47       A NOVEL APPROACH FOR FAST EVALUATION OF 1-D AND 2-D INFINITE SUMMATIONS

E. P. Karabulut1, V. B. Erturk2, S. Adanir3, L. Alatan3, M. I. Aksun1;  1Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey; 2Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; 3Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey

A novel computational method is proposed to evaluate 1-D and 2-D infinite summations that are relatively difficult to compute numerically. The method is based on a subspace algorithm, which uses a set of partial sums to approximate the trend of these sums in terms of complex exponentials. For a convergent summation, it is expected that one of the exponential terms will turn out to be with vanishingly small exponent (ideally zero), corresponding to the result of the summation. Since the procedure requires the evaluation of relatively small number of terms, the computational cost is significantly reduced.

BP1.48       A LAGRANGE POLYNOMIAL CHEBYSHEV PSEUDO SPECTRAL TIME DOMAIN METHOD IN ONE DIMENSIONAL LARGE SCALE APPLICATIONS

A. Gunes, 1The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey;  S. Aksoy, Gebze Institute of Technology, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey  

Pseudo Spectral Time Domain method based on Discrete Fourier series has been widely used in computational electromagnetics. However, this method has disadvantages such as, Gibbs phenomena, source conditioning and errors due to interpolation and staircase modeling. To overcome these limitations, a Lagrange Polynomial Chebyshev Pseudo Spectral Time Domain method has been proposed. In this work, the efficiency of this method for large scale problems is examined in the sense of numerical dispersion errors by solving one dimensional wave equation. The numerical results are compared with the analytical solution and standard Finite Difference Time Domain method solution.

CP – Poster session

Session Chairs: Takashi Ohira, Marco Luise

Session     CP

Type          Poster Presentation

Schedule   Tuesday, August 16, 16:00-19:00

Room        Poster Area

CP.1           A FAST ICA BASED ITERATIVE BLIND DECONVOLUTION ALGORITHM

M. F. Fahmy, G. M. Raheem, U. S. Mohammed, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt;  O. M. Fahmy, Future University, Cairo, Egypt  

Successful blind image deconvolution algorithms require the exact estimation of the Point Spread Function size, PSF. In the absence of any priori information about the imagery system and the true image. This paper, presents an exact estimation of the PSF size that yields the optimum restored image quality. The paper also describes a least squares PSF estimation, instead of the slowly iterative update, that is commonly used in Iterative Blind Deconvolution software, IBD. Moreover, a technique is also proposed to improve the sharpness of the de-convolved images using Independent Component Analysis techniques (ICA). Simulation examples are given.

CP.2           A LOW COMPLEXITY ULTRA-WIDEBAND, ORTHOGONAL FREQUENCY DIVISION MULTIPLEXING COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

E. Novakov, IMEP-LAHC, Grenoble, France

The paper describes an Ultra-Wideband (UWB) communication system based on the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) modulation scheme. The system uses a small number of sub-carrier frequencies which allow the straightforward implementation of the OFDM modulator and demodulator. An experimental RF transceiver based upon the proposed method was tested. An RF band ranging from 4.2-4.8GHz was used. The transceiver has a demonstrated operational line-of-sight communication range of 3m for a data rate of up to 40Mbit/s. This system is well adapted for implementation in a low-complexity and low-power integrated circuit.

CP.3           SATELLITE TERRESTRIAL INTEGRATED MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM AS A DISASTER COUNTERMEASURE

Y. Fujino, A. Miura, N. Hamamoto, H. Tsuji, R. Suzuki, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Koganei,Tokyo, Japan

Creating a safer society requires communication methods available during disasters. This need has prompted the start of research and development to build a mobile satellite communication system for the satellite terrestrial common terminal. The system is called STICS (Satellite/Terrestrial Integrated mobile Communication System). A dual communication function that can connect to both the terrestrial system and the satellite system is formed by using a common terminal with a portable, handheld shape. This paper discusses the research and development and the current status of STICS.

CP.4           A COST-EFFECTIVE LOCATION MANAGEMENT STRATEGY BASED ON MOVEMENT PATTERN OF ACTIVE USERS IN A HETEROGENEOUS SYSTEM

D. De, A. Mukherjee, West Bengal University of Technology, kolkata, West Bengal, India

This paper proposes a cost effective location management method for location update and paging in heterogeneous wireless systems. The proposed location update method generates dynamic location area list. It provides accurate and up-to-date location information of each user and their probabilities of visiting each LA and cells within a LA. This list is updated according to user movement. Probable short term traffic in each LA can be forecasted using the probabilistic information in the LA list. The proposed selective paging minimizes call delivery cost. Overall 48%-65% improvement in total cost in location management has been achieved.

CP.5           LINEARITY AND EFFICIENCY PERFORMANCE OF A MODIFIED ENVELOPE ELIMINATION AND RESTORATION TRANSMITTER ARCHITECTURE

T. Nesimoglu, Middle East Technical University, Northern Cyprus Campus, Guzelyurt, Turkey

In this paper, linearity and efficiency degrading mechanisms within envelope elimination and restoration transmitters are explained and demonstrated through simulations. A modified transmitter architecture is proposed to overcome these shortcomings. The proposed and conventional envelope elimination and restoration transmitter performances are compared and it is demonstrated that the proposed architecture provides better linearity and efficiency.

CP.6           A NOBLE COST OPTIMIZED LOCATION MANAGEMENT SCHEME FOR FREQUENT VISITORS IN MOBILE NETWORK

D. De, M. Mondal, West Bengal University of Technology, kolkata, West Bengal, India

This paper proposes a cost optimized location management scheme based on replicated databases utilizing the advantage of short term events and update only the replicas of users frequently visited location area. This method updates HLR database after every 24 hours whereas in case of VLR database is updated after every 1 hour. It reduces database overloading problems and the total location management cost. Comparison of this scheme with that of GSM shows that the proposed scheme performs better and in general 14% to 25% improvement in total cost in Location Management has been achieved than previous schemes.

CP.7           CREST FACTOR REDUCTION THROUGH SCALING AND RECOVERING BY FRAME IN OFDM COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

W. Jang, N. B. Carvalho, Institute of Telecommunications, Aveiro, Portugal

A new scheme for reducing crest factor in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing communication systems has been proposed. All necessary operations are conducted by adding simple functions in baseband. The major advantage is that there is no extra information to be sent to the receiver. Also, the scheme does not degrade adjacent channel power ratio and error vector magnitude at all. The scheme achieves about 2.5dB of crest factor reduction. For validation of the scheme, the processes in baseband and in RF have been conducted with Simulink and measurement with a power amplifier respectively.

CP.8           METHODS TO SUSTAIN CELLULAR CHANNEL AVAILABILITY IN HIGH TRAFFIC LOCATION

D. De, S. Chakraborty, West Bengal University of Technology, kolkata, West Bengal, India

This paper concerns GSM cellular network where congestion problem is common resulting in insufficient capacity of high interference level. One of the most efficient techniques is cell breathing where the coverage will shrink when more users are supported. Further, we propose a new approach that is intersystem handoff for congested network where the handoff takes place from one network to another network. It is analyzed that proposed approach Intersystem handoff in congested area is approximately 89% more cost effective than cell breathing approach.

CP.9           DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF GAN HEMT BALANCED CLASS E POWER AMPLIFIER FOR WIMAX APPLICATIONS

O. Kizilbey, O. Palamutcuogullari, TUBITAK BILGEM, Kocaeli, Turkey

In this paper, the design of a balanced Class E power amplifier being symmetrically driven by two Class E circuits is studied. The balanced Class E circuit, under nominal operating conditions, has lower harmonic distortions, and the design of the impedance matching network for harmonic filtering becomes less critical. Practical design equations for Class E operation are given and simulation results graphically presented. It has been found that the proposed balanced GaN HEMT class-E amplifier can deliver the higher power, higher efficiency performances and lower harmonic distortion than single ended topologies for WiMax applications.

CP.10         A FADING GENERATOR USING ROTATED SCATTERING SLOTS

R. Yamaguchi, NTT DOCOMO, Inc., Yokosuka, Japan

MIMO-OTA (Over-the-air) measurement methods of mobile terminals have been recently studied and developed for mobile communications. However, the methods like these for base station antenna have not been often reported. A fading generator using rotated scattering objects has been proposed in my previous study in order to establish an OTA measurement method for MIMO base station emulating radio environment around the base station. In this paper, slots on the metal disc are newly adopted as scattering objects in order to get the Rayleigh waves. The validity of the proposed generator is clarified by experiments using a prototype.

CP.11         ENHANCING THE THROUGHPUT EFFICIENCY OF JPEG IMAGE TRANSMISSION OVER LOW-POWER MOBILE IEEE 802.15.1 NETWORK USING EDR PACKETS

M. A. M. El-Bendary, Helwan Universirty, Cairo, Egypt;  A. E.-S. Abou Elazm, N. A. El-Fishawy, F. S. Shawki, F. E. A. ElSamia, Menofia University, Menof, Egypt  

Throughput is one of the most important factors in wireless communication. This paper studies the throughput efficiency of mobile Bluetooth network. It a proposes efficient error control schemes to improve the throughput of Bluetooth systems. The simulation experiments are carried over correlated Rayleigh fading channel. Our experiments reveal that the proposed convolutional code with constraint length K=3 and 7 improves the throughput efficiency at low SNR values. The convolutional codes are good over correlated fading channel more than the traditional Bluetooth error correction scheme. At higher SNR values (SNR>28dB) the standard uncoded 2DH3 packets gives a good throughput.

CP.12         THE CONVERGENCE OF BROADCASTING AND HETEROGENEOUS WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS OVER FIBER NETWORK AN EXPERIMENT OF FIELD TRIAL -

T. Higashino, K. Tsukamoto, S. Komaki, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan;  K. Kumamoto, K. Yasukawa, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka-city, Osaka, Japan;  K. Inagaki, National Institute of Information and Communication Technology, Koganei-city, Tokyo, Japan  

This paper describes on application of Radio-on-Fiber, for the digital divide solution by utilizing CATV optical fiber network. We have been demonstrated RoF repeater system for heterogeneous wireless infrastructure by using in-door experiment, however field trial is required. Now, the radiation inspection have been done as an experiment bureau in the mountainous area at the Nosegawa village in Nara prefecture, Japan aiming evaluating the correspondence with the link budget design, and clarifying wireless coverage of the proposed system. In this paper, the SCM RoF transmission of multiple radio services and result of the field trial is reported.

CP.13         A DVB-H TESTBED FOR WIRELESS BILLBOARD CHANNEL SIMULATION

Z. Ji, Hebei United University, Hebei, China;  I. Ganchev, M. S. O'Droma, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland  

This paper describes the design and implementation of a digital video broadcasting handheld (DVB-H) physical-layer testbed simulator. The objective is to simulate the broadcasting of service advertisements over the newly defined wireless billboard channels (WBCs). Initial performance evaluation results obtained from the testbed are provided and discussed.

CP.14         A NOVEL LOW PHASE NOISE POSITIVE FEEDBACK TYPE PUSH-PUSH OSCILLATOR

T. Tanaka, H. Hashiguchi, M. Aikawa, Saga University, Saga, Japan

A novel method for phase noise reduction in a push-push oscillator is described. The push-push oscillator consists of two positive feedback type push-push oscillators and two RF multipliers used for the noise reduction. The phase noise of the oscillator can be improved because the multipliers fix the phase difference between the oscillation signals of the push-push oscillators. The second harmonic oscillator is designed and fabricated in K-Band. The output power is +5.83 dBm at 25.6 GHz with the phase noise of -115.5 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset frequency.

CP.15         TWO LAYERS SUBSTRATE INTEGRATED WAVEGUIDE POWER DIVIDER

P. Mohammadi1,2, S. Demir1;  1Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey; 2Islamic Azad University of Urmia, Urmia, Iran

In this paper a novel two layers power divider based on Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) is proposed. It includes two layers of SIW with a slot in each layer. The electromagnetic wave is coupled from lower layer to upper layer through slot. Simulation shows the return loss about -16dB and insertion loss about -3.6dB at 10 GHz. This SIW power divider is fabricated and measured. Due to some problems the measurement results will be reported later. The coupling is mainly controlled by slot dimensions. Total size of this structure is 56mm*18mm.

Poster: RFID and Signal Processing Antennas

Session Chairs: Smail Tedjini, H. Chaloupka, Alain Sibille

Session     DP1

Type          Poster Presentation

Schedule   Tuesday, August 16, 16:00-19:00

Room        Poster Area

DP1.1         SIZE-REDUCTION OF MAGNETIC RADIATORS FOR RFID-BASED TECHNOLOGY

M. Marroncelli, D. Trinchero, R. Stefanelli, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy

Innovative compact geometries suitable for the realization of loop antennas for RFID applications are proposed in this paper. The radiators have been simulated using common commercial tools and measurements have been performed to validate their usability. All the design procedures and the choice in the manufacturing phase are discussed in details through the paper. The antennas characteristics have been analyzed focusing on important characteristics, such us the return loss value, the radiation pattern and the antenna efficiency.

DP1.2         PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS AND MEASUREMENT RESULTS OF AN ULTRA-LOW POWER WAKEUP RADIO IN THE PRESENCE OF INTERFERENCE

N. F. Kiyani, Y. Zhang, P. Harpe, X. Huang, G. Dolmans, IMEC-NL/Holst, Eindhoven, Netherlands

Wakeup radios (also referred to as event-driven radios) is a paradigm for lowcost, lowenergy identification radios to assist the main radio for continuous channel monitoring without sacrificing the latency requirements. In this paper, we present the design, and measurement results of an ultra low-power wakeup radio. The designed wakeup radio achieves excellent performance in terms of probability of miss & false alarm. The designed radio is also analyzed in the presence of co-channel CW and modulated interferer in a wide variety of deployment scenarios. The performance is considerably better than other low-power implementations available in the market.

DP1.3         DC POWER PATTERN OF RECTIFIER-ANTENNAS

E. A. Falkenstein, CU Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States

This paper addresses calculations and a measurement procedure for rectifier-antenna DC power patterns. The pattern of a rectifier-antenna is dependent on the antenna gain G(theta,phi) and the rectifier RF to DC efficiency (eta). This makes the pattern dependent not only on the angles theta and phi‑ but also on frequency, RF input power to the rectifier and the DC load. Example of a 1.96GHz patch rectifier-antenna is presented in the paper. It is shown that measured patterns of the integrated rectifier-antenna match theoretical predictions at different incident power density levels.

DP1.4         ELECTROMAGNETIC ANALYSIS OF UHF NEAR-FIELD RFID TAG ANTENNA

M. Dhaouadi, M. Mabrouk, Higher School of Communication of Tunis(SUPCOM/CIRTACOM), Ariana, Tunisia

In this paper, the performance of Near-Field UHF RFID systems is investigated by means of electromagnetic analyses. A novel antenna is presented for ultra high frequency (UHF) near-field radio frequency identification (RFID) applications. The reactance component of tag antenna considered chip impedance (-193j) is conjugated and matched for maximum power transmission. The antenna is fabricated by using Polyester (PET) dielectric substrate with permittivity 3.2.The antenna Return Loss is of 14.0 dB for the worst case in the middle of UHF range, better than 31.4 dB at 900 MHz.

DP1.5         HIGH-RESOLUTION MICROWAVE PHOTONIC NOTCH FILTER WITH LOW-NOISE AND LOW GROUP DELAY RIPPLE PERFORMANCE

E. H. Chan, R. A. Minasian, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia

A high-resolution microwave photonic notch filter having a wide passband and a narrow notch, is presented. It is based on a WDM multiple double-pass modulation approach using Bragg grating reflectors. The WDM laser powers are optimised to flatten the filter passband and to improve the filter group delay performance. The filter operates over a wide frequency range. Experimental results demonstrate a microwave photonic notch filter with a wide and flat passband, a narrow notch at GHz frequency and a high signal-to-noise ratio performance. Tunable coherence-free operation of the notch filter is also shown.

DP1.6         DETECTION OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS USING SURFACE PROXIMITY ANTENNAS

E. Topsakal, T. Karacolak, N. Younan, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, USA

The objective of this study is to detect and identify radioactive materials using surface proximity antennas. To do so, we first developed a simulation model of earth as seen in Fig 1a. We have then designed microstrip patch antennas propagating (-z -direction) towards earth surface to understand the effects of earth and buried objects on the antenna performance (Fig. 1b). Various types of objects (pec, radioactive materials, glass, etc.) were placed at different depths and simulations were carried out to detect changes in antenna parameters such as return loss.

DP1.7         THEORY OF THE L4 NUMBERS: EXISTENCE THEOREM AND PHYSICAL INTERPRETATION

G. N. Georgiev, University of Veliko Tirnovo, Veliko Tirnovo, Bulgaria;  M. N. Georgieva-Grosse, Meterstrasse 4, Gerlingen, Germany  

A new class of real positive numbers (the L4 numbers), consisting of three subclasses is defined, using the purely imaginary zeros of special functions, constructed through combinations of given complex Kummer and Tricomi confluent hypergeometric and real ordinary or modified Bessel ones. A direct physical corollary of this fact is the appearance of envelope curves in the phase diagrams for normal TE0n modes of the circular waveguide, containing an azimuthally magnetized ferrite toroid and a dielectric cylinder with relative permittivity, smaller than that of the ferrite, restricting the characteristics for both signs of magnetization from the side of higher frequencies.

Poster: High frequency Devices and Multiphysics Techniques

Session Chairs: Peter Russer, Andreas Cangellaris, Irsadi Aksun

Session     DP2

Type          Poster Presentation

Schedule   Tuesday, August 16, 16:00-19:00

Room        Poster Area

DP2.1         A NUMERICAL TEST OF KING'S GREEN FUNCTIONS IN THIN WIRE SCATTERING PROBLEMS

O. Zor, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey;  B. Polat, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey  

R.W.P. King's Green functions which are derived under high contrast approximation and valid for arbitrary range are tested in formulating scattering problems for metallic thin wire structures located over a planar lossy dielectric half-space. For a verification of the developed MATLAB codes, which employ a Method of Moments formulation with pulse basis functions, the current distributions obtained under plane wave illumination on the arms of crossed thin wire structure are compared to the same results obtained by the commercial software SNEC. The formulation also provides it possible to include terrain features into any scattering scenario.

DP2.2         FLEXIBLE, WIDEBAND, DUAL-BAND & RECONFIGURABLE DIRECT-WRITE FOLDED-SLOT ANTENNAS

D. E. Anagnostou, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD, United States

A design methodology that advances the capabilities of coplanar folded-slot dipole antennas (CFSA) is described. The methodology can transform single-band CFSAs by using symmetric and asymmetric radiation modes, to broadband, dual-band and reconfigurable (or tunable). This paper develops the theory for antenna operation, corrects an erroneous assumption that had been used since 1995 and presents design guidelines. A transmission-line model determines the tunable second resonance or bandwidth enhancement condition. Next, a reliable uni-planar reconfigurable CFSA without bias lines is inkjet-printed on flexible Kapton. Theoretical results are validated through measurements of prototypes developed at SDSMT.

DP2.3         PHASE REDRESS FOR THE BEND ON DIFFERENTIAL MICROSTRIP LINES

C.-F. Huang, C.-L. Wu, C.-F. Shih, Tatung University, Taipei, Taiwan

The bend is often encountered in routing the differential microstrip lines on PCB layers for high-speed transmission. In addition to generating unwanted electromagnetic wave in air, a bend of differential transmission line also causes random ultra phase difference other than 180 degree for the original odd mode. In this paper, the effect caused by the bend of differential microstip line is demonstrated and analyzed. Importantly, a technique for redressing the ultra phase difference is proposed. Both of simulation and measurement results are presented in this work.

DP2.4         YIELD ANALYSIS OF A STRIPLINE WILKINSON POWER DIVIDER USING MONTE CARLO SAMPLES OF INTERPOLATED FULL WAVE SIMULATION DATA USING SONNET

B. Souid, S. Arvas, Sonnet Software, North Syracuse, NY, United States

In this paper, the use of Monte Carlo samples of interpolated data from a linearly spaced grid of electromagnetic simulation data for yield analysis is investigated. The motivation for this approach stems from a desire to have accurate yield metrics without the need to fabricate a large number of circuits or run a large number of full wave simulations. The approach presented in this paper provides a means to estimate circuit yield values with relatively little computational effort. This paper will use a Wilkinson power divider designed with Sonnet as a simple example.

DP2.5         DESIGN OF QUADRUPLE-PASSBAND MICROWAVE FILTERS USING FREQUENCY TRANSFORMATION

W.-C. Lin1, W.-L. Tsai2, T.-Y. Huang1, R.-B. Wu1;  1National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; 2Ecole Technique Superieure Du Laboratoire, Taipei, Taiwan

This paper describes a synthesis method for quadruple-passband microwave filters. A frequency transformation method is developed for finding the locations of poles and zeros of the filter response. An eight-pole microstrip quadruple-passband filter is synthesized for validation, with designed pass bands at 1.85-1.88, 1.943-1.97, 2.03-2.057, and 2.12-2.15 GHz. The filter is realized in microstrip and the measured results show good agreement with the theoretical ones.

DP2.6         COMPACT CROSS-COUPLED COPLANAR-WAVEGUIDE BANDPASS FILTERS WITHOUT BONDWIRES

Y.-S. Lin, T.-P. Kao, National Central University, Chungli, Taiwan

Two types of compact cross-coupled coplanar-waveguide (CPW) bandpass filters, which are the dual of each other, are proposed. They are based on the three-line coupled CPW along with lumped-element K- or J-inverters. Due to the symmetrical filter structure, no bondwires are required for filter implementation, which greatly simplifies the fabrication process. Their filter sizes are about 50% of the conventional parallel-coupled filter with no spurious passbands at even harmonics. In addition, by introducing the cross-coupling effect, two transmission zeros at the upper and lower stopbands may be created, which improve the filter selectivity.

DP2.7         A LOW-COST UWB GAUSSIAN, MONOCYCLE AND DOUBLET GENERATION BASED ON THE TRANSIENT RESPONSE OF BAND PASS FILTERS

R. Thai Singama1, F. Du Burck2, M. Piette1;  1Royal Military Academy, Brussels, BELGIUM; 2Institut Galilee Universite Paris 13, Villetaneuse, FRANCE

This paper describes low-cost architectures for Gaussian, Monocycle and Doublet generation of short pulses for UWB applications based on the transient response of passive band pass filters. Three prototypes are developed to demonstrate experimentally this approach. The first one for the Gaussian waveform, the second one for the Monocycle waveform and the third one for the Doublet waveform. In these three cases, we obtain subnanosecond pulses with large spectral densities. A pulse repetition frequency of about 1 GHz could be generated without interference between successive short pulses. This approach can lead to a simple architectures for UWB applications.

DP2.8         SQUARE SPLIT RING RESONATOR BACKED COPLANAR WAVEGUIDE FOR FILTER APPLICATIONS

C. Saha, Swami Vivekananda Institute of Science and Technology, Kolkata, India;  J. Y. Siddiqui, Y. M. Antar, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, Canada  

In this paper, we present a design of a coplanar waveguide loaded with square split ring resonators for filter applications. A theoretical formulation to estimate the resonant frequency of the square split ring resonator is also proposed. Experimental verification of the proposed theory is reported and the computed data are also compared with simulation results revealing good agreement.

DP2.9         BUILT-IN-SELF-TEST (BIST) PROBING FOR WIRELESS NON-CONTACT MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS

S. Wane1, B. Elkassir1, C. Kelma1, M. Ranaivoniarivo1, O. Tesson1, F. Goulet1, P. Descamps2, P. Gamand1;  1NXP-Semiconductors France, CAEN, France; 2LaMIPS, Laboratoire commun NXP-CRISMAT, UMR 6508 CNRS ENSICAEN, CAEN, France

This paper discusses concept and feasibility of wireless BIST probing for non-contact measurement and characterization. Inter-Chip noise interferences as function of wireless coupling-path attributes (wireless separation distance between emitter and receiver chips, injected power levels, Charge-Pump-Current) are characterized. Study of BIST for reconfigurability of on-chip functions is investigated based on design of programmable automatic oscillation amplitude control of PLL reference oscillators. Impacts of BIST circuits on system performances are evaluated based on simulation analysis and experimental verifications.

DP2.10       NONLINEAR PHOTONICS OF BACKWARD WAVES

A. K. Popov, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, Stevens Point, WI, United States;  S. A. Myslivets, Institute of Physics, Krasnoyarsk, Russia  

Several nonlinear-optical coupling schemes in double domain positive/negative index metamaterials are proposed, which include ordinary and backward electromagnetic waves. One of them is investigated in the context of the applications to compensating strong losses inherent to plasmonic metamaterials and to design of novel ultracompact photonic devices for optical sensing and data processing. Each of the schemes provides different distribution of the coupled fields (hot zones) across the originally strongly absorbing metamaterial slab and exotic output behavior compared with the counterparts in ordinary materials. The outlined possibilities are illustrated with the numerical simulations.

EP1 – Poster session 1

Session Chair: Christos Christopoulos

Session     EP1

Type          Poster Presentation

Schedule   Tuesday, August 16, 16:00-19:00

Room        Poster Area

EP1.1         APPROXIMATE SURFACE-CURRENT DISTRIBUTIONS OF RECTANGULAR DIPOLE ANTENNAS

Q. Wu, D. Su, S. Xie, Beihang University, Beijing, China

An approximate surface-current distribution of rectangular dipole antennas, composed of two linear-currents along the antenna edges and a uniform surface-current within the antenna bodies, is proposed. It presents some new insights to planar dipole antennas, and could also be used for fast, explicit and Ultra-wideband predictions of their radiation patterns. The averaged errors between the calculated results based on the proposed distributions and the full-wave results are respectively 0.075 dB on the H-plane and 2.95 on the E-plane. From the explicit results, some design considerations for stable radiation patterns are presented.

EP1.2         A TUNABLE EBG ABSORBER FOR RADIO-FREQUENCY POWER IMAGING

S. Yagitani, K. Katsuda, R. Tanaka, M. Nojima, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan;  Y. Yoshimura, H. Sugiura, Industrial Research Institute of Ishikawa, Kanazawa, Japan  

A tunable EBG absorber is designed for radio-frequency (RF) power imaging. Incident RF power is absorbed by lumped resistors interconnecting the mushroom-type surface patches, and tunability of the resonance (absorption) frequency is achieved by varactor diodes. The amounts of RF power consumed by the individual resistors are directly measured to obtain the incident RF power distribution. The absorption characteristics at normal incidence are evaluated based on an equivalent circuit model which exactly explains the frequency behavior of the surface impedance of the tunable EBG absorber observed in EM simulation. A means to improve the absorption performance is examined.

EP1.3         PROPOSAL OF A GENERAL METHOD TO STUDY WAVE PROPAGATION

O. Maurice, GERAC, Paris, France;  A. Reineix, XLIM - Limoges University, Limoges, France;  F. Paladian, LASMEA - Clermont University, Clermont-Ferrand, France  

We propose a new approach to obtain the expression of the wave on any port of a complex network made of junctions and ports. Based on a definition of the topology of the network, we create a S matrix for the whole network and a propagation matrix G which manage the exchange of waves between the ports. Once on an input port of a junction, the application of a product with the S matrix implies the transmission of the wave. The product GS is applied as many times as it is necessary to reproduce propagation phenomenon in the whole network.

EP1.4         DEVELOPMENT OF WEAK RADIATION POWER MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUE

H. Ujihara, K. Takefuji, M. Sekido, R. Ichikawa, Y. Koyama, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Tokyo, Japan

A Measurement system for very week radiation such as from Ultra Wide Band(UWB) devices or ZigBee, PLC, and so on. This system covers from 0.8GHz to nearly 30GHz with three individual receivers with 32MHz or 512MHz I/Q IF output to 8bit samplers, K5/VSSP32 or ADS3000+, controlled by PC. Receivers are equipped two Dicke switches operated by the PC, one for dummy load in room temperature and another for noise diode for gain calibration in signal integration time, which are aimed for so weak level of noise as -90dBm/MHz.

EP1.5         ELECTROMAGNETIC SHIELDING AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYURETHANE ACRYLATE/E-GLASS COMPOSITES IN THE 3-13 GHZ FREQUENCY RANGE

A. Gungor, I. Usta, M. Ugur, Z. Yildiz, E. Sancak, C. Macit, marmara university, Istanbul, Turkey

The electromagnetic shielding effectiveness and surface resistivity of UV-cured polyurethane acrylate (PUA) / copper wire / E-glass fabric composites in the frequency range of 3-13 GHz were investigated using a free space measurement. The effect of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) binder on the shielding and electrical properties were searched by using a range of PVB concentrations 2.5, 5, 7.5 % and without PVB. The best EMSE value of 25 dB was obtained in the frequency range of 5-9 GHz by adding 2.5 % PVB. When the addition of PVB was more than 2.5 %, the shielding effect decreased.

EP1.6         ELECTROMAGNETIC PROFILING OF A DOUBLE DECKED BUS USING A SCALE MODEL

S. Jeyakumar, D. Linton, Queens university Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom;  M. O. Droma, University of Limmerick, Limmerick, Ireland  

This paper introduces the study of electromagnetic profiling for electrically large structures using scale models and outlines the study and use of radio frequency propagation and power distribution internally from a double decked bus to an external receiver. A scale model study of a double decked bus, examining the effect of antenna placement and internal structures within the bus on the propagation and power distribution of an omni-directional source is performed. Measurements on the scaled bus model were performed in a fully automated near field scanner and the results are compared.

EP1.7         EXTREME ELECTROMAGNETIC ANOMALIES IN THE IONOSPHERE AND THEIR FUTURE IMPLICATIONS.

S. Lawrence, University of Cambridge and Sci-Tech(South), Cambridge, United Kingdom

The electromagnetic environment shows many anomalies in its' activity especially in the ionosphere.The ionosphere is a region where changes take place in physical conditions which can be related to the reaction of the particles of the ionosphere to more extreme reactions in the further reaches of space. This means that the ionosphere is a true electromagnetic environment and can show to observers that repeating patterns can be interpreted for the near future as well as for the longer term

EP1.8         NATURAL ELF/VLF ATMOSPHERIC NOISE STATISTICS IN THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN

C. G. Price1, Y. Reuveni1,1, E. Greenberg2, A. Shuval2;  1Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; 2RAFAEL, Haifa, Israel

ELF/VLF electromagnetic transient signals and noise are generated by various natural and anthropogenic processes. This atmospheric "noise", originating essentially from lightning discharges, is the main source of interference for VLF/LF telecommunications. One of the statistical measures that are used to define the properties of low-frequency radio noise is the voltage deviation Vd, being a measure of the impulsiveness of the noise. For the first time we present analysis of the statistical parameters of Vd from continuous broadband VLF measurements for a period extending more than one year.

EP1.9         DYNAMICAL EVOLUTION OF SCHUMANN RESONANCE FREQUENCY SPECTRA DURING SOME STRONG Q-BURSTS

S. Paul, S. S. De, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India

Schumann resonances observations from a tropical region near Kolkata at the estuary of the river Ganges merging into the Bay-of-Bengal (21.48 N, 88.61 E) are being made. Several Q-bursts spectra are observed. The dynamic evolution of the Q-bursts will be presented here. Time series evolutions of signals of several Q-bursts are analyzed. Q-burst amplitudes from 1 to 300 Hz of Q-bursts spectra for 1 sec FFT reaches about -47 dB near the first mode of SR frequency. This shows that Q-burst has the tendency to dominate within 1 - 300 Hz.

EP1.10       CNN COMPUTING OF THE INTERACTION OF FLUXONS

A. Slavova, Institute of Mathematics and Informatics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria;  R. Tetzlaff, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany;  M. Markova, Ruse University, Ruse, Bulgaria  

In this paper we shall study the interaction of the physical object - quantum of magnetic flow, called fluxon. Fluxons arise in the well known Josephson Junction (JJ) which is used in many applications in superconductor electronics.In this paper we shall consider the interaction of the solutions of modified sin-Gordon equation called fluxons. We shall present Cellular Neural Network (CNN) computing for the interactions of fluxon-antifluxon and a pair of two fluxons. We shall construct CNN model of the modified sin-Gordon equation. Finally we shall provide the simulation results and discuss the obtained results.

EP1.11       DEVELOPMENT OF AN EFFICIENT NUMERICAL SET-UP TO PREDICT THE PERFORMANCE OF GROUND-PENETRATING-RADAR SYSTEMS FOR ON-SITE EARTH AND PLANETARY APPLICATIONS

G. Valerio1, E. Pettinelli2, P. M. Barone2, S. E. Lauro2, E. Mattei2, A. Galli1;  1Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; 2Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy

The aim of this study is to assess the features of a numerical tool able to predict in an efficient and accurate way the performance of Ground Penetrating Radars in many typical on-site Earth and planetary applications. Suitable implementation of a computer-aided-design package is carried out by accounting for the most critical aspects of the GPR behavior (e.g., antenna elements, signal waveforms, physical characteristics of host media and scatterers). Representative examples of different application scenarios have been developed and tested. Full validation is achieved by means of appropriate comparisons derived through ad-hoc experimental set-up.

FP1 – Poster session 1 – Focus: Remote Sensing

Session Chairs: Mahta Moghaddam, Madhu Chandra

Session     FP1

Type          Poster Presentation

Schedule   Tuesday, August 16, 16:00-19:00

Room        Poster Area

FP1.1         STUDIES ON THE EFFECTS OF AILA-2009 ON VLF INTEGRATED FIELD INTENSITY OF ATMOSPHERICS

S. S. De, B. Bandyopadhyay, S. Paul, D. K. Haldar, M. Sanfui, T. K. Das, S. Barui, G. Chattopadhyay, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India;  B. K. De, P. Pal, Tripura University, Agartala, India  

Remarkable effects on the records on Integrated Field Intensity of Atmospherics (IFIA) over Kolkata (latitude: 22.56 N, longitude: 88.5 E) at 3 kHz and 9 kHz are observed due to severe electrical activity in a thunderstorm, AILA, followed by severe thundershowers and lightning. The analyses and evaluation of the recorded data have been presented here.

FP1.2         L-BAND H POLARIZED MICROWAVE EMISSION DURING THE CORN GROWTH CYCLE

A. T. Joseph1, R. van der Velde2, P. E. O'Neill1, B. J. Choudhury1, E. J. Kim1, R. H. Lang3, T. Gish4;  1NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD, United States; 2International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), Enschede, Netherlands; 3Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States; 4Hydrology & Remote Sensing Lab, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD, United States

From a combined active/passive microwave remote sensing campaign conducted in 2002, hourly L-band H polarized TB measurements are available over the corn growth cycle. A ground characterization took place weekly around the footprints and automated instruments were available to support the microwave data sets. In this investigation, the soil moisture and temperatures measured have been utilized as input for the (Tau-Omega) model to reproduce the measured TB cycles. Via calibration of the model’s vegetation and roughness parameterizations, the impact of the changing canopy structure throughout the season and soil moisture dependence of the hr are evaluated.

FP1.3         SCHUMANN RESONANCE: A LATEST WONDER FOR CLIMATE FORECAST !

D. K. Haldar, S. S. De, S. K. Mitra Centre for Research in Space Environment, University of Calcatta, Kolkata, India

The variability of the intensity of the Schumann Resonances (SR) is related to the variability of global lightning activity which is dependent on Upper Tropospheric Water Vapour (UTWV). Monitoring of SR would provide a tool for time-tracking of UTWV changes. The correlation between troposheric water content and Schumann Resonance field can be explored. From the nature of correlation, a model will be built which will be used to forecast the water vapour content from the observed value of SR. Climatic condition would be forecasted using SR data with the sequence below: SR data -> Water vapour content-> climate forecasting

FP1.4         COMPARISON BETWEEN REMOTE ANTENNA UNITS WITH DETACHABLE ANTENNAS AND PHOTONIC ACTIVE INTEGRATED ANTENNAS FOR INDOOR APPLICATIONS

P. Assimakopoulos1, V. Sittakul2, A. Nkansah1, N. J. Gomes1, M. Cryan2, D. Wake1;  1University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, United Kingdom; 2University of Bristol, Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

Measurements are presented for the performance evaluation of two distinct Radio over Fiber (RoF) architectures for indoor applications that can be employed in a Power over Fiber scenario (PoF). One is a discrete component based remote antenna system with detachable antennas and the second is a system which features Photonic Active Integrated Antennas with lossless matching circuits. Both systems show extremely good performance in the distribution of 802.11b signals in terms of throughput and EVM. The integrated approach suffers from RF cross-talk issues which limit its performance considerably when distributing 802.11g signals.

GP1 – Poster session 1

Session Chairs: John Mathews , Frederic Pitout

Session     GP1

Type          Poster Presentation

Schedule   Tuesday, August 16, 16:00-19:00

Room        Poster Area

GP1.1        EFFECTS OF THE PENETRATION OF MAGNETOSPHERIC CONVECTION ELECTRIC FIELD AT EQUATOR ON IONOSPHERIC PARAMETERS

N. M. Mene, University of Cocody, UFR SSMT, Laboratory of Atmospheric Physic, ABIDJAN, Cote d'Ivoire

The penetration of magnetospheric electric field at equator influences the ionospheric parameters. To investigate the effects of this penetration on the F2-layer peak height (hmF2) and the total electron content (TEC), we study the variations of those parameters during the magnetic storm of 17 February 1993, using ionosonde data of an equatorial station. We have an increase and a decrease of the hmF2 at equator respectively during the prompt penetration and overshielding events. Few minutes after the prompt penetration and the overshielding we have respectively high and low TEC values compared to those of a quiet day.

GP1.2        SOLAR FLUX INFLUENCE ON PROPAGATION OF DISTURBANCE DYNAMO TO EQUATORIAL IONOSPHERE

B. A. Kakad, D. Tiwari, Indian Institute of Geomagnetism, Panvel, Maharashtra, India;  T. Pant, Space Physics Laboratory, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, , Thiruvananthapuram, India  

Ionosonde data recorded at Trivandrum (77E, 8.5N, dip0.5N) from 1990-2003 is scaled to obtained LT variation of base height of F layer (hF) in the post sunset hours. An attempt is made to identify the effects associated with DD alone, which are causing upward movement of F layer in the post sunset hours and studied separately for low and high solar flux. Mainly the delay time required by DD to show its maximum effect on hF in the post sunset hours are estimated for low and high solar flux along with corresponding Joule energy budget.

GP1.3        AN INVESTIGATION OF IONOSPHERIC DISTURBANCES OVER SOUTH AFRICA DURING THE MAGNETIC STORM ON 15 MAY 2005

C. M. Ngwira1,2, L.-A. McKinnell1,2, P. J. Cilliers2, E. Yizengaw3;  1Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa; 2Hermanus Magnetic Observatory, Hermanus, South Africa; 3Boston College, Boston, USA

This paper reports on the first investigation of travelling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) over mid-latitude South Africa during the magnetic storm on 15 May 2005. Using GPS-derived total electron content (TEC) variations, two TEC enhancements were observed: the first associated with the poleward movement of the equatorial ionisation anomaly and the passage of a TID, and the second associated with a second TID. In addition, the F-region critical frequency (foF2) values observed show that the ionospheric response as seen by ionosondes was different from that of the TEC response. The dissimilarity suggests that two competing drivers existed.

GP1.4        DISTURBANCE DAY-TO-DAY VARIATIONS IN THE EQUATORIAL F LAYER

O. S. Oyekola, Private, Etobicoke, Ontario, M8V 3C8, Canada

Observations of made by the ionosonde located near equatorial station, Ibadan (7.4oN, 3.9oE; GMLat: 9.4oN) during the International Geophysical Year of 1958, a period of solar maximum, were used to investigate the variability of ionosphere, emphasizing its dependence on diurnal, seasonal, and geomagnetic activity. The variability showed strong local time dependence, with evening and nightside (1800-0500 LT) variability always stronger than on the dayside (0600-1700 LT). The amplitude of day-to-day variability of between two consecutive undisturbed and disturbed days can change by more than 20% and 60%, respectively.

GP1.5        STUDY OF THE EQUATORIAL ELECTROJET STARTING FROM THE ELECTRODYNAMICS PARAMETERS OF THE EQUATORIAL IONOSPHERE

O. F. D. Grodji, University of Cocody, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire

We are study of the equatorial electrojet (EEJ) by using the ionospherics electrodynamics parameters for a period of two years, 1993 and 1994. The data using from ionosonde IPS-42 of the station of Korhogo. As result we are founded a average value of electron drift vertical velocity in order of 5m/s in E-region. From the velocity, we calculated the zonal and polarization electrics fields. Which have respectively as average values 0.19 mV/m and 3.5mV/m. we finally determined the density and the intensity in center of EEJ.

GP1.6        EMPIRICAL MODEL OF VERTICAL PLASMA DRIFTS ABOVE JICAMARCA TO STUDY THEIR DEPENDENCE ON SOLAR ACTIVITY.

J. A. Huaman, J. L. Chau, M. A. Milla, Radio Observatorio de Jicamarca - Instituto Geofisico del Peru, Lima, Peru

We have developed an empirical model for vertical drifts in order to study their seasonal variability and dependence on solar activity. The model was developed using measurements from the 150km region. We have only considered quiet time data (Kp<3). The behavior of the drifts is modeled as a function of local time, day of year, and solar flux (f10.7cm). We show that our empirical model captures the complicated seasonal structure of the drifts, for instance it shows the enhancement of the drift magnitudes during equinoxes, as well as, the decrement of the magnitudes during solstices.

GP1.7        CHARACTERISTICS OF LOW LATITUDE NOCTURNAL IONOSPHERIC IRREGULARITIES OVER INDIA-ARAB LONGITUDES DURING SOLAR MAXIMUM

F.-D. Chu1, W.-S. Chen2, C.-C. Lee2, W.-C. Hsu3, H.-T. Lin1, C.-S. Liao1;  1Chunghwa Telecom Co., Ltd., Yangmei City, Taiwan; 2Ching Yun University, Zhongli City, Taiwan; 3National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan

This study investigated the low latitude nocturnal ionospheric irregularities at India-Arab longitudes using phase fluctuations of the global positioning system during solar maximum. The results showed that the low latitude irregularities in this region develop easier in equinoctial months and December-solstice months than in June-solstice months. In addition, the low latitude irregularities mainly come from the magnetic equator. Moreover, at the crest of equatorial anomaly the irregularities in June-solstice months maybe come from middle latitudes. Many details are discussed.

GP1.8        RESPONCE OF THE EQUATORIAL IONOSPHERE TO THE TOTAL SOLAR ECLIPSE OF 22 JULY 2009 AND ANNULAR ECLIPSE OF 15 JANUARY 2010 AS OBSERVED FROM A NETWORK OF STATIONS SITUATED IN THE INDIAN LONGITUDE SECTOR

T. Das1,2, A. Paul1,2, A. Das1,2, S. Ray1,2, D. Bhowmick2, A. DasGupta2;  1Institute of Radio Physics and Electronics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India; 2S. K. Mitra Centre for Research in Space Environment, University of Calcatta, KOLKATA,WEST BENGAL, INDIA

Dual-frequency GPS TEC monitors have been used to study the response of the ionosphere to the solar eclipses of 22 July 2009 and 15 January 2010. The receivers were located at three stations, Calcutta, Kharagpur and Baharampore which are situated outside the umbra zone in the Indian longitude sector with each baseline being ~200 Km. Effects of obscuration of the solar disc and series of depletions in TEC along the track were noted at the three stations.The effect contaminated by magnetic storm. A short burst of VHF scintillation possiblely by a thin layer sporadic-E was also observed.

GP1.9        EFFECTS OF GEOMAGNETIC DISTURBANCES ON LINEAR GROWTH RATE OF COLLISIONAL RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY DURING SOLAR MAXIMUM

C.-C. Lee, GEC, CYU, Taiwan, Zhongli, Taiwan

This study chooses 3 cases under geomagnetic disturbed conditions to investigate the effects of geomagnetic disturbance on local linear growth rate (γ) of collisional Rayleigh-Taylor (CR-T) instability. In the case at 30 July 1999, the γ value is 2.6 times the associated quiet-condition reference value. In contrast, at 12 September 1999, the γ value is obviously smaller than the associated quiet-condition reference value. In addition, the growth rates in the case of 26 September 1999 are not affected by the geomagnetic disturbances. The γ values are close to the associated quiet-condition reference value.

GP1.10      A STATISTICAL STUDY OF MEDIUM-SCALE IONOSPHERIC DISTURBANCES GENERATED BY SOLAR TERMINATOR REGISTERED OVER JAPAN IN 2008

S. V. Voeykov, I. K. Edemskiy, Y. V. Yasyukevich, Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics SB RAS, Irkutsk, Russian Federation

A statistical study of wave packets of terminator origin using GEONET GPS data for 87 days in 2008 was done. There were some seasonal and latitudinal features in occurrence of the packets. In spring packets are registered 1.7 times more often in the south region than in the north one and in summer 1.3 times more often in the north than south region. Autumn packets registration rate have two maxima: 4 hour after and at the same time as terminator appears over the registration point. Similar distribution maxima are registered in summer in the south of Japan.

GP1.11      THE OBSERVATIONS OF IONOSPHERIC FLUCTUATIONS AT MIDLATITUDES DURING NOVEMBER 2004 MAGNETIC STORM

I. I. Shagimuratov, I. V. Cherniak, I. E. Zakharenkova, I. I. Ephishov, West Department of IZMIRAN, Kaliningrad, Russian Federation

The midlatitude fluctuations are rather weakly relative to high latitude ones. The most intensive midlatitude TEC fluctuations are related with irregularities generated during strong geomagnetic storms. It was analyzed TEC fluctuations activity for quiet November 6, 2004 and disturbed days November 8-9. At November 9 the intensity of TEC fluctuations was higher 0.25 TEC/min near 20 UT at midlatitude GPS stations. At the same time ionospheric irregularities were registered by midlatitude incoherent scatter radar. The storm time midlatitude TEC fluctuations are phenomena associated with strong ionospheric gradients near the main ionospheric trough when it shifted to midlatitudes.

GP1.12      MESO-SCALE OBSERVATIONS OF JOULE HEATING NEAR AN AURORAL ARC

M. J. Kosch1, I. Yiu2, C. Anderson3, T. Tsuda4, Y. Ogawa5, S. Nozawa4, A. Aruliah2, V. Howells6, L. Baddeley7, I. McCrea6, J. Wild1;  1Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom; 2University College London, London, United Kingdom; 3Geophysical Institute, Alaska, USA; 4Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya, Japan; 5National Institute of Polar Research, Tokyo, Japan; 6Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom; 7UNIS, Longyearbyen, Norway

We report on meso-scale combined ionospheric and thermospheric observations from Svalbard in the polar cap on 2 February 2010. The EISCAT Svalbard radar employed a novel scanning mode in order to obtain F- and E-region ion flows over an annular region centred on the radar. A co-located Scanning Doppler Imager observed the E-region neutral winds and temperatures around 110 km altitude. The E-region Joule heating was estimated with an azimuthal spatial resolution of ~64 km at a radius of ~163 km from the radar. The spatial distribution of Joule heating shows significant meso-scale variation.

GP1.13      SPREAD F OBSERVATIONS DURING LOW SOLAR ACTIVITY OVER CYPRUS

P. Vryonides, H. Haralambous, M. Frangoudi, Frederick University, Nicosia, Cyprus

The temporal variations of the low-latitude spread-F (SF) observed by DPS-4D digisonde at Nicosia during low solar activity from January 2009 to December 2010 are studied. The spread F incidents were classified into two types, i.e., mixed SF (MSF) and range SF (RSF). The statistical results show that the MSF and RSF are notable irregularities in Cyprus which occur in all three seasons ( equinox, summer, winter). Both types have a diurnal peak before midnight and usually appear during 20:00-06:00 UT.

GP1.14      COMPARISON OF COSMIC RADIO OCCULTATION EELECTRON DENSITY MEASUREMENTS OVER EUROPE WITH IONOSONDE AND INCOHERENT SCATTER RADAR DATA

I. V. Cherniak, I. E. Zakharenkova, I. I. Shagimuratov, WD IZMIRAN, Kaliningrad, Russian Federation;  A. Krankowski, GRL/UWM, Olsztyn, Poland  

The COSMIC/FORMOSAT-3 occultation mission providing essential information about height electron density distribution in ionosphere. It is important to verify occultation profiles with other techniques and to obtain experience in the reliability of their derivation. For comparison we used the measurements provided by DIAS ionosonde network and midlatitude Kharkov incoherent scatter radar. The comparison indicates that usually COSMIC RO profiles are in a good agreement with ionosonde in F2 layer peak electron density and with IS radars profiles both in the F2 layer peak electron density and the shape of profiles.

GP1.15      SPACED RECEIVER MEASUREMENTS OF THE HIGH-LATITUDE IONOSPHERIC DRIFTS

M. Pozoga, A. W. Wernik, M. Grzesiak, Space Research Center Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw, Poland

In September 2007 we started at the Polish Polar Station ( CGM latitude: 74.11N) on Spitsbergen the spaced receiver measurements of GPS signals scintillation. The receiver set up consists of the three antennae forming the right-angled triangle with one of the sides in the magnetic meridian plane. The full correlation analysis was applied to determine the drift velocity and anisotropy of irregularities. We will present the preliminary results of the diurnal and latitude variations of drifts and anisotropy of irregularities using a large amount of collected data.

GP1.16      STUDY OF THE IONOSPHERIC SCINTILLATION AND TEC CHARACTERISTICS AT SOLAR MINIMUM IN A WEST AFRICAN EQUATORIAL REGION USING GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS) DATA

J.-B. Ackah, O. K. Obrou, University of Cocody, ABIDJAN, Cote d'Ivoire;  G. Keith, Air Force Research Laboratory, Hanscom Air Force Base, Massachusetts, USA  

The data used for this study are S4 index and TEC recorded at the SCINDA GPS station of Abidjan from 2008 to 2009 epoch of low solar activity including multipath phenomenon. The results show that scintillation is not intense with S4 values lower than 1. However, from 2000 to 0200 LT there are high values of S4 confirming scintillation is primarily a nighttime observed phenomenon. The scintillation shows a seasonal effect characterized by intense values in equinoctial months. TEC exhibits a diurnal variation as a function of the solar zenith angle and have the same seasonal variation as S4.

GP1.17      POSSIBILITIES AND SOME RESULTS OF THE IONOSPHERE REGIONAL MONITORING BY GPS RADIO-INTERFEROMETRY

V. I. Zakharov, V. E. Kunitsyn, M. A. Titova, Physics Facilty Moscow State Univ, Moscow, Russian Federation

In this work there were considered ionospheric displays of atmosphere and lithosphere interactions detected during February-March of 2010 above South America. With the use of GPS-interferometry methods there were revealed spectrum changes of non-uniform structures connected with time and period of seismic activity in monitoring region. Probable interpretation of observed phenomena was suggested and analysis of geographical binding dedicated by claster analysis of waves structures was conducted.

GP1.18      THE USE OF GLONASS DATA IN IONOSPHERIC IMAGING OVER THE ANTARCTIC

P. Yin1,2, C. Mitchell2, J. Kinrade2;  1Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin, China; 2University of Bath, Bath, UK

Due to the satellite orbit inclination of 55deg, ground-based GPS measurements are less available for ionospheric imaging at high latitudes than at middle/low latitudes, when removing lower elevation ray paths. In this study, efforts are made to assimilate GLONASS measurements of a greater orbit inclination of 65deg into the tomographic algorithm, to reconstruct the ionosphere over the Antarctic. Through validating with independent ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC) estimations from the Doppler Orbitography and Radio positioning Integrated by Satellite (DORIS) system and the LEO CHAMP, the influence of the use of GLONASS data on the inversion is also discussed.

GP1.19      GPS PHASE SCINTILLATION AND HF RADAR BACKSCATTER OCCURRENCE IN THE HIGH-LATITUDE IONOSPHERE

P. Prikryl, Communications Research Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada;  P. T. Jayachandran, S. C. Mushini, R. Chadwick, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada  

The Canadian High Arctic Ionospheric Network (CHAIN) of ten dual-frequency GPS receivers has been operating since 2008. Phase scintillation index and total electron content (TEC) are computed from data sampled at 50 Hz. As a function of magnetic local time and geomagnetic latitude, the phase scintillation predominantly occurs in the cusp and the nightside auroral oval. TEC depletions are identified with the statistical high-latitude and mid-latitude troughs. Scintillation-causing irregularities may coexist with small-scale field-aligned irregularities detected by HF radars. The occurrence climatology of phase scintillation and HF backscatter at high latitudes are compared.

GP1.20      COMPARISON OF GPS-DERIVED VTEC OVER CYPRUS WITH IRI-2007

H. C. Haralambous1, S. Anaksagora1, L. Economou2, P. Vryonides1;  1Frederick University, Nicosia, Cyprus; 2Intercollege, Limassol, Cyprus

This paper presents a comparison of ionospheric vertical total electron content (vTEC) values evaluated from Nicosia (35.1 N, 33.4 E) ground-based GPS station in Cyprus and the corresponding predictions with the latest version of the IRI model (IRI-2007) during periods of low (2008), and high (2001) solar activity for different seasons.

GP1.21      THE OCCURRENCES OF SPREAD F AND GPS PHASE FLUCTUATIONS AS WELL AS MEDIUM-SCALE TRAVELING IONOSPHERIC DISTURBANCES OVER WUHAN

W.-S. Chen, C.-C. Lee, Ching Yun University, Zhongli, Taiwan;  F.-D. Chu, Chunghwa Telecom Co., Ltd., Yangmei, Taiwan  

In this study, we analyzed the data from the digisonde and the GPS receiver at Wuhan, China to study spread F, GPS phase fluctuations, and Medium-Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances (MSTIDs) at nighttime in 2000. The variations of seasonal and nighttime occurrence rate and the one-to-one correspondences of these phenomena were examined. The results reveal that irregularities over Wuhan mainly relate to MSTIDs. Moreover, the strength of irregularities related to MSTIDs is weaker than that of equatorial plasma bubbles. Finally, smaller scale irregularities may only appear in some phase of MSTIDs.

GP1.22      THE METHOD OF TID CHARACTERISTICS RECONSTRUCTION FROM SIMULTANEOUS MEASUREMENTS BY OBLIQUE INCIDENCE AND VERTICAL INCIDENCE IONOSONDES

A. G. Kim, K. G. Ratovsky, G. V. Kotovich, Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences/Siberian Branch, Irkutsk, Russian Federation

The radiophysical complex of the Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics for ionospheric investigations consists of ionosonde DPS-4, Irkutsk incoherent scatter radar and chirp-ionosonde. On account of its capabilities the complex can be used as diagnostic tool for investigation of travelling ionospheric disturbances (TID). The work is devoted to the method for reconstruction of TID propagation characteristics by means of cross-correlation and spectrum analysis of simultaneous measurements data obtained by Digisonde and oblique incidence chirp-ionosonde. The N(h)-profiles for spaced-apart points are reconstructed from vertical and oblique incidence data according to the Reinisch-Huang method.

GP1.23      TID SELECTION AND RESEARCH OF ITS CHARACTERISTICS ON IONOGRAMS

A. D. Akchurin, V. V. Bochkarev, V. R. Ildiryakov, K. M. Usupov, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Tatarstan, Russian Federation

The various manifestations of TID in ionograms received with minute periodicity by Kazan (55N, 48 E) ionosonde during winter time are considered. Besides a U-shaped TID trace traditionally observable in ionogram and corresponding intensive inhomogeneity are revealed focusing TID which corresponding low-intensity inhomogeneity. The focusing TID detection became possible owing to a gain choice which excludes restriction of amplitude of the reflected signal. Use of a three-dimensional array of amplitudes of F-region echoes has allowed to determine a basic parameters of TID such as periodicity and descent time.

GP1.24      VIRTUAL IONOSONDE NETWORK IN CONJUGATE HEMISPHERE

T. L. Gulyaeva, IZMIRAN, Troitsk, Russian Federation;  F. Arikan, Hacettepe University, Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey;  I. Stanislawska, Space Research Center, PAS, Warsaw, Poland  

International Reference Ionosphere extended to the plasmasphere (IRI-Plas) is an important tool in estimation of ionospheric parameters. IRI-Plas performance in GPS-TEC assimilation mode is used to produce F2 layer critical frequency at magnetic conjugate locations for eight ionosondes in East Asea comparing results with foF2 observations. The ionospheric weather W index indicating ratio of instantaneous foF2 to the median is computed and consistent results are obtained in conjugate hemispheres varying from quiet state to intense storm. The online implementation of proposed technique simulates a virtual ionosonde network at magnetic conjugate locations where ionosondes are absent or sparse.

GP1.25      INVESTIGATING MORPHOLOGICAL PECULIARITIES OF THE SPORADICAL LAYER ES USING HIGH FREQUENCY RADIO SOUNDING DATA

V. Ivanova, V. Kurkin, O. Pirog, L. Chistyakova, M. Pezhemskaya, I. Bryn’ko, A. Orlov, Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics SB RAS, Irkutsk, Russian Federation;  I. Poddel'sky, Institute of Cosmophysical Researches and Radio Wave Propagation FEB RAS, Paratunka, Kamchatka region, Russian Federation  

In this work we carry out the morphological analysis of Es-layer registration data during oblique-incidence and weak-incidence ionospheric sounding experiment on July, 2010. For our analysis we used data obtained over three paths in the Russian East-Siberian region. We study Es-layer maximum frequency variations in dependence of time. The probabilities of Es-layer registration over different paths are calculated. Peculiarities of anomalous Ea-layer registration over weak-incidence sounding path are considered.

GP1.26      FIRST RESULTS OF THE GROUND-BASED MEASUREMENTS OF THE IME-HF ANALYSER

I. Kolmasova1, O. Santolik1,2, J. Chum1, L. Uhlir1, F. Hruska1, J. Base1, J. L. Rauch3;  1Institute of Atmospheric Physics, AS CR, Prague, Czech Republic; 2Faculty of mathematics and physics, Charles university, Prague, Czech Republic; 3LPC2E/CNRS, Orleans, France

The scientific instrument IME-HF is a high-frequency broad-band analyzer for the future satellite mission TARANIS. The device is intended to study radiation from transient luminous events occurring above thunderstorms. The analyzed frequency band is from a few tens of kHz to 35 MHz. In the survey mode regular snapshots of the waveform will be transmitted. In the event mode 120 ms of waveform data will be recorded. We have build the first model of the analyzer for coordinated ground-based measurements of emissions from thunderstorms. We present the first results of these measurements.

GP1.27      SIMULTANEOUS OBSERVATIONS OF D-, E- AND F-REGIONS OF THE IONOSPHERE DURING THE SOLAR ECLIPSE OF 22 JULY 2009 OVER SOUTH KOREA : FIRST RESULTS

D. V. Phanikumar1, Y. S. Kwak2, S. Tulasiram3, J. J. Lee2, S. M. Park4, I. H. Cho2, S. H. Hong5;  1ARIES, Nainital, India; 2KASI, Daejeon, South Korea; 3RISH, Uji, Japan; 4Korea Science Academy, Busan, South Korea; 5Radio Research Agency, Ichon, South Korea

A Solar eclipse event occurred on 22 July 2009 over South Korean Peninsula with maximum obscuration of ~84% investigated to study mid-latitude ionosphere. Study of solar eclipse effect on different ionospheric regions (especially D-region) has been limited till today, although few studies concentrated on electron density variations and GPS TEC measurements in ionosphere. Present study aims to investigate the effect of solar eclipse on all ionospheric regions including D-, E-, and F-regions simultaneously by conducting a campaign in South Korea. The observations reported here therefore should shed some light on solar eclipse induced mid-latitude ionospheric dynamics.

GP1.28      MODELLING OF RELATIVE MODE POWER RECEIVED ON RRI EXPERIMENT ON EPOP SATELLITE MISSION

G. C. Hussey, R. G. Gillies, G. J. Sofko, Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies (ISAS), Saskatoon, SK, Canada;  H. G. James, Communication Research Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada  

The enhanced Polar Outflow Probe (ePOP) satellite is to be launched in 2011. The satellite is comprised of eight scientific instruments, and one instrument, the Radio Receiver Instrument (RRI) will be used to receive HF transmissions from ground radio transmitters such as the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) array. Magnetoionic polarization and propagation theory has been used to model the relative power that SuperDARN will deliver to the Ordinary and Extraordinary modes of propagation. The latitudinal range over which signal will be received has also been investigated. The modelled results will be presented and discussed.

GP1.29      REGIONAL IONOSPHERIC TEC MODELLING; WORKING TOWARDS MAPPING AFRICA'S IONOSPHERE

J. B. Habarulema1,2, L.-A. McKinnell1,2, B. Opperman1;  1Hermanus Magnetic Observatory, Hermanus, South Africa; 2Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa

The forecasting of ionospheric variability over long term is a complicated task. However modelling ionospheric total electron content (TEC) changes over the short term is feasible especially during quiet conditions. In order to work towards generating ionospheric TEC maps to represent Africa's ionosphere, we have undertaken a feasibility study by using the South African Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver network to construct a regional model. This paper will present an overview of regional GPS TEC modelling over Southern Africa and give a future direction towards continental TEC mapping.

GP1.30      A NEW PERSPECTIVE TO THE DAYTIME H'F VARIATIONS AND ITS ROLE IN MODULATING THE MESOPAUSE ENERGETICS OVER EQUATORIAL LATITUDES

S. G. Sumod, T. K. Pant, C. Vineeth, M. M. Hossain, Space Physics Laboratory, Trivandrum, India

This study reports unique observations, illustrating the vertical coupling between the daytime mesopause and F region of the ionosphere over a magnetic dip equatorial station Trivandrum, India. For the first time, it has been shown that the temporal variations in the mean daytime mesopause temperatures (MPT), during geomagnetically quiet days corroborate well with that of the base height changes (hF) of the ionosphere. However, there exist some characteristic time delays between these two, which vary from 0 to 90 minutes. The observed time delays are attributed to the role of chemistry/dynamics in modulating atomic oxygen at these altitudes.

GP1.31      EXPERIMENT ON SPATIAL EFFECT OF HF MULTIPLE SCATTERING IN THE IONOSPHERE

N. A. Zabotin1, T. W. Bullett1,2;  1University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States; 2NOAA, Boulder, CO, United States

The theory of multiple scattering of MF/HF radio waves by intermediate-scale (0.1-5 km) ionospheric irregularities predicts a very distinctive spatial distribution of the relative integral intensity of a signal reflected from the ionosphere in the vicinity of a ground-based transmitter. It is significantly reduced within a distance of about several tens of kilometers and a growth occurs at a greater distance. The effect of anomalous attenuation has been confirmed earlier. This paper presents results of the first successful experimental campaign to track the intensity features at the larger distances, conducted in 2009 near Boulder, CO.

GP1.32      RADAR MEASUREMENT OF IONOSPHERIC SCINTILLATION IN THE POLAR REGION

D. L. Knepp, NorthWest Research Associates, Monterey CA, United States

Simulated radar returns that have been processed to remove those with low SNR are utilized to compare estimators of the scintillation index that describes ionospheric scintillation. We compare the performance of a direct estimator based on the definition of S4 to a maximum likelihood estimator that assumes Nakagami-m statistics. Using a variant of the latter estimator, one-way S4 is measured from 5000 horizon-to-horizon tracks of large calibration satellites during a two-year period after solar maximum in May 2000. The results are summarized to quantify the exceedance, or the level of scintillation experienced at various probabilities.

GP1.33      ADAPTIVE MODELING OF EQUATORIAL IONIZATION ANOMALY CREST PARAMETERS BY USING MULTISTATION IONOSONDE DATA OVER THE INDIAN REGION

S. Yadav, R. S. Dabas, R. M. Das, A. K. Upadhayaya, National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India;  A. K. Gwal, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India  

The paper explores the new technique to study the temporal and spatial variation of Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA) by using limited number of observing stations. The technique involved the use of Gaussian fitting over the multi-station F2-region critical frequency data. Results suggest that EIA crest exhibits the feature of latitudinal shifting and expansion in coverage area with increasing solar activity. An attempt is made to derive the relationship between EIA crest parameters and solar activity. The predicted values are better than the IRI predictions; hence the technique can be used for the adaptive modeling of EIA crest parameters.

GP1.34      LOW-LATITUDE STORM-TIME IONOSPHERIC CORRECTION CONSIDERING THE DISTURBANCE ELECTRIC FIELD

S. Sun, China Research Institute of Radiowave Propatation, Qingdao, China

The equatorial electric field plays an important role in low-latitude ionospheric plasma distribution. In this study, we propose an empirical model for real-time ionospheric correction during storm time, based on that the ionospheric disturbances during the main phase are mainly caused by the zonal electric field disturbances. The performance of the model during three intense storms is evaluated and compared with another empirical correction model, STORM. The results show that some sharp increase of foF2 could be captured by our model. This indicates that the disturbance field should be included in low-latitude storm-time ionospheric corrections.

GP1.35      ON IONOSPHERIC PRE-STORM PHENOMENA

V. U. Chukwuma, Olabisi Olabanjo University, Ago Iwoye, Nigeria, Ago Iwoye, Nigeria

A study of the ionospheric pre-storm phenomena is presented using global ionosonde and geophysical data obtained during November 20-21, 2003. The results show that pre-storm phenomena dont originate from local time effect. Also a probable role by the magnetospheric electric fields as the main drivers of pre-storm phenomena could not be confirmed by the analysis of hmF2 from the ionosonde stations. Furthermore, investigation of solar flare effects on the pre-storm phenomena didnt reveal them as the main drivers. The present results appear to suggest that pre-storm ionospheric phenomena exist but remain an unresolved problem.

GP1.36      PLANETARY WAVE OSCILLATIONS IN THE OCCURRENCE TIME OF EQUATORIAL SPREAD-F

V. Chandrasekharan Nair, L. Jose, T. K. Pant, Space Physics Laboratory, Trivandrum, Kerala, India

This paper presents the role of planetary waves in modulating the occurrence time of Equatorial Spread F (ESF). The investigation has been carried out using the digital Ionosonde and Proton Precession Magnetometer from Trivandrum, India (8.5o E; 77o N; 0.5o N dip lat.). The analysis shows that start-time of the ESF during the winter months is modulated significantly by a planetary wave of quasi-16-day periodicity. It is suggested that such waves are propagated to ionospheric altitudes from lower atmosphere through modified electrodynamics since the equatorial electrojet and pre-reversal enhancement were also showed same oscillation.

GP1.37      OBSERVATION OF MEDIUM SCALE TRAVELING IONOSPHERIC DISTURBANCES (MSTIDS) IN THE LOW LATITUDES BRAZILIAN SECTOR USING IONOSONDE DATA IN COMPARISON WITH OPTICAL MEASUREMENTS

D. C. M. Amorim, A. A. Pimenta, National Institute for Space Research (INPE), Sao Jose dos Campos, SP, Brazil

MSTIDs are observed in the low latitudes Brazilian sector using ionograms obtained by a digisonde DGS256 and all-sky images of OI 630 nm emission. Both instruments are installed at Cachoeira Paulista (22.7S, 45 W, 13S MLAT). Ionograms show occurrence of spread-F and sharp risings of the ionospheric F-layer at the same time as dark band structures propagating northwestward are seen in the images. Here, we show a study based on ionogram analysis in order to investigate occurrences of MSTIDs during solar maximum, since they are not observed on all-sky images during such period.

GP1.38      THE INSTANTANEOUS IONOSPHERE PEAK HEIGHT SHIFT VERSUS RELATIVE CHANGES OF THE CRITICAL FREQUENCY

T. L. Gulyaeva, L. V. Poustovalova, IZMIRAN, Troitsk, Russian Federation

Opposite changes of the F2 layer peak height hmF2 and density (critical frequency foF2) are inferred from the data of topside and bottomside vertical sounding of the ionosphere. An analytical model of relative changes of log(hm/hq) versus log(fo/fq) is developed in terms of magnetic latitude, season (day-of-year) and solar activity. Using available data and forecasts of foF2 and quiet background median fqF2 and hqF2, the instantaneous hmF2 is calculated online at (http://www.izmiran.ru/services/iweather) for missed ionosonde observations at selected ionosonde sites and their counterparts at magnetic conjugate hemisphere.

GP1.39      EQUATORIAL SPREAD F ECHO AND IRREGULARITY GROWTH PROCESSES FROM CONJUGATE POINT DIGITAL IONOGRAMS

M. A. Abdu1, I. S. Batista1, B. W. Reinisch2, M. W. John3, E. A. Kherani1, J. H. A. Sobral1;  1Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais - INPE, Sao Jose dos Campos, SP, Brazil; 2University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, USA; 3University Western Ontario, London, Ont, Canada

Spread F irregularity signatures in the form of range spreading F layer traces are examined in Digisonde ionograms from dip equatorial and conjugate sites in Brazil, to determine the dominant process/mechanism of echo returns from the irregularity structures. A significant component of the ESF echo structures is found to be consistent with them originating from coherent back-scattering at field line perpendicular directions. The spread range of the echoes is found to increase linearly with the top frequency of the echo trace. Further, the irregularity strength is asymmetric at conjugate sites.

GP1.40      THE TECHNIQUE OF CALCULATION OF ELECTRON DENSITY PROFILE FROM INITIAL DISTRIBUTION USING VERTICAL SOUNDING IONOGRAMS

A. M. Vesnin, K. G. Ratovsky, Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics SB RAS, Irkutsk, Russian Federation

The technique of vertical sounding ionogram processing is presented. Our approach is based on modifying initial electron density profile. Initial profile can be obtained from IRI model prediction or from the previous sounding of ionosphere. The method of profile fitting to the ionogram does not require echo traces extraction. The results of practical application of the technique are presented. Technique is applied to processing of nighttime ionograms, as well as to processing of an apparent F1 layer phenomenon.

GP1.41      PLASMA BLOB OBSERVED BY GROUND-BASED RADIO AND OPTICAL TECHNIQUES IN THE F-REGION A CASE STUDY ON 27-28 AUGUST 1987

A. A. Pimenta, D. C. M. Amorim, A. A. Almeida, C. S. Machado, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, So Jos dos Campos, SP, Brazil

An interesting case of plasma blob event was observed on August 27-28, 1987 over Cachoeira Paulista (22.7S, 45.0W) showing localized plasma density enhanced by a factor of ~2 above the background level. The F-region parameters were obtained from a Digisonde 256. On this night, geomagnetic activity was moderately disturbed (Dst >-70 nT). Complementary data was obtained from an all-sky imager operating at the same site, which were used to map the spatial extension and temporal location of plasma blob. It showed, east-west extensions of 320-350km and north-south of 360-380km.

GP1.42      DETERMINING RECEIVER BIASES IN GPS-DERIVED TOTAL ELECTRON CONTENT IN THE AURORAL OVAL AND POLAR CAP REGION USING IONOSONDE MEASUREMENTS

D. R. Themens, P. T. Jayachandran, R. B. Langley, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada;  J. W. MacDougall, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada;  M. J. Nicolls, SRI International, Menlo Park, California, United States  

Global Positioning System (GPS) total electron content (TEC) measurements, although highly precise, are often rendered inaccurate due to satellite and receiver differential code biases (DCBs). Calculated satellite DCB values are now available from a variety of sources, but receiver DCBs generally remain an undertaking of receiver operators and processing centers. A procedure for removing these receiver DCBs from GPS-derived ionospheric TEC at high latitudes, using Canadian Advanced Digital Ionosonde (CADI) measurements, is presented.

GP1.43      DDA DRIFT VELOCITY ESTIMATION - ANALYSIS OF LOW-QUALITY DATA

D. Kouba1,2, P. Koucka Knizova1;  1Institute of atmospheric physics, praha, Czech Republic; 2Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, praha, Czech republic

Estimation of the plasma drift velocity measured by Digisonde depends on the number of reflection points detected during measurement and their distribution. In the paper we analyse plasma drift measurements according to the detected number of reflection points. We select extreme group of measurements with less then 100 reflection points from data measured in the year 2006 (period of low solar activity) at the Pruhonice station. Within the analysed data group we detect annular and diurnal variability. Measurements containing low number of reflections occur due to absence of oblique reflection points mainly in case of well stratified non-disturbed ionosphere.

GP1.44      A NEW 3D DISPLAY FORMAT RELATING AZIMUTH-SCANNING RADAR DATA AND ALL-SKY IMAGES

I. Seker, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA;  W. E. Swartz, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA;  J. D. Mathews, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA;  N. Aponte, Arecibo Observatory, Arecibo, PR, USA  

We combine allsky images of 630nm airglow with radar electron densities in F-region above Arecibo. The electron densities obtained from the two azimuth-scanning beams of Arecibo ISR are plotted in cone-shaped 3D visualizations along with horizontal projections of 630nm airglow images. Displays of data in this new format from a night with ionospheric plasma irregularities demonstrate the improved perspective of the new format in revealing the 3D structure and evolution of the ionospheric features over that provided by separate 2D plots in latitude and longitude for the airglow and in height and time for the electron densities.

GP1.45      A COMPRESSED SENSING APPROACH TO OBSERVING DISTRIBUTED RADAR TARGETS

R. Volz, S. Close, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States

Compressed sensing, a method which relies on sparsity to reconstruct signals with relatively few measurements, has the potential to greatly improve observation of distributed radar targets. We extend the theoretical work of others by investigating the practical problems of implementing this approach for distributed targets, first examining a discrete linear radar model suitable for compressed sensing and then discussing an example of this technique used on existing data. Potential benefits include higher possible range resolution, complete filtering of noise without sidelobes or artifacts, and the ability to identify different Doppler shifts within the same range window of a single pulse.

GP1.46      IMPROVING THE SPATIAL RESOLUTION BY EFFECTIVE SUBTRACTION TECHNIQUE AT IRKUTSK INCOHERENT SCATTER RADAR: THE THEORY AND EXPERIMENT.

O. I. Berngardt, D. S. Kushnarev, Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics SB RAS, Irkutsk, Russian Federation

We describe a sounding technique that allows us to improve spatial resolution of Irkutsk Incoherent Scatter Radar without loosing spectral resolution. The technique is based on transmitting of rectangle pulses of different duration in various sounding runs and subtracting correlation matrixes. Theoretically and experimentally we have shown, that subtraction of the mean-square parameters of the scattered signal for different kinds of the sounding signal one from another allows us to solve the problem within the framework of quasi-static ionospheric parameters approximation.

GP1.47      THE JICAMARCA ACQUISITION RADAR SYSTEM AND ITS FIRST APPLICATIONS TO THE STUDY OF THE EQUATORIAL IONOSPHERE

M. J. Inoñan1, R. J. Abad1, J. D. Alcntara2, R. Yanque1;  1Jicamarca Radio Observatory, Lima, Peru; 2Catholic University, Lima, Peru

The engineers at the Jicamarca Radio Observatory (JRO) have recently developed a new acquisition system based on digital receivers. JARS, which stands for Jicamarca Acquisition Radar System, is an eight-channel reception system that can collect data at a rate of 1 MHz per channel. In this paper, we describe the hardware and software developed for the system and also some of its first applications. JARS is currently being used in imaging experiments at the observatory and it is expected to be used in meteors and ISR experiments in the next months.

GP1.48      DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTERIZED IONOSPHERIC TOMOGRAPHY TECHNIQUE AND ITS APPLICATION TO STUDY THE EQUATORIAL IONIZATION ANOMALY OVER THE INDIAN REGION

S. Yadav, R. M. Das, R. S. Dabas, National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India;  A. K. Gwal, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India  

The paper explores the development and validation of latest ionospheric monitoring technique known as computer added ionospheric tomography (CAIT) for its application in understanding the dynamics of ionosphere. The Total Electron Content (TEC) is derived from the differential Doppler method. The estimated TEC is than further used to generate the 2-dimensional (2D) tomographic image with the help of the conventional Algebraic Reconstruction Technique. The results show that the technique can be successfully utilized to study the 2D structure of electron density and Equatorial Ionization Anomaly which is one of the most crucial phenomenons of equatorial and low-latitude region.

GP1.49      A REGIONAL IONOSPHERIC MODEL FOR FORECASTING THE CRITICAL FREQUENCY OF THE F2 LAYER DURING DISTURBED GEOMAGNETIC AND IONOSPHERIC CONDITIONS

M. Pietrella, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy

A ionospheric forecasting empirical regional model (IFERM) to predict the state of the critical frequency of the F2 layer (foF2) over Europe during geomagnetic storms and disturbed ionospheric conditions, is under development. The IFERM model is based on 13 local forecasting models developed to predict foF2 at 13 ionospheric observatories scattered in the European area. Hourly measurements of foF2, hourly quiet-time reference values of foF2 (foF2QT), and the time weighted accumulation hourly series derived from the geomagnetic planetary index ap, ap(τ), were considered for each observatory to develop the forecasting procedures.

GP1.50      REGIONAL AND LOCAL IONOSPHERIC MODELS AS INPUT DATA SOURCE FOR A REAL-TIME 3-D IRI MODELING

M. Pezzopane, M. Pietrella, A. Pignatelli, B. Zolesi, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy;  L. Cander, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, United Kingdom  

This paper describes how the joint utilization of autoscaled data for F2 peak critical frequency foF2 and propagation factor M(3000)F2, coming from two reference ionospheric stations (Rome and Gibilmanna), the regional (SIRMUP) and global (IRI) ionospheric models, can provide a valid tool for obtaining a real-time three-dimensional (3-D) electron density mapping of the ionosphere.

GP1.51      PERFORMANCE OF THE IRI-2007 MODEL FOR TOPSIDE ION DENSITY AND COMPOSITION PROFILES DURING THE 23/24 SOLAR MINIMUM

J. H. Klenzing1, F. A. Simoes1, S. Ivanov2, R. F. Pfaff1, D. E. Rowland1, D. Bilitza1, R. A. Heelis3;  1NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, MD, United States; 2Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States; 3The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States

The International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) is the standard empirical model for calculating ionospheric parameters such as density, composition, and temperature. The recent solar minimum between cycles 23 and 24 was unusually extended and deep, resulting in a contracted ionosphere. The ion density and composition estimates from the Communication/Navigation Outage Forecast System (C/NOFS) satellite are used to evaluate the performance of the IRI-2007 model between 400 and 850 km altitude near the magnetic dip equator. The current model is shown to typically overestimate the expected total density and underestimate the density of H+.

GP1.52      GLOBAL TEC MAPS AND THE BEST VERSION OF THE EMPIRICAL N (H)-MODEL

O. A. Maltseva, T. V. Nikitenko, G. A. Zhbankov, Institute of Physics, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation

Comparison of the values of TEC calculated using the 6 versions of the empirical models of the ionosphere IRI and NeQuick with the experimental data shows that there is no single version providing a good agreement with experimental data at any point on the globe. That is why, there is no single version of the empirical N (h)-model although some advantages has the model of T. Gulyaeva. To determine the best version of the model for a given area it is proposed to use the global maps of TEC.

GP1.53      THERMOSPHERE MONITORING BASED ON ROUTINE IONOSPHERIC OBSERVATIONS: METHOD AND VALIDATION PLAN

A. Mikhailov1, A. Beleaki2, B. Zolesi3, L. Perrone3, I. Tsagouri2;  1IZMIRAN, Moscow, Russia; 2NOA, Athens, Greece; 3INGV, Rome, Italy

The main part of the Earths atmosphere presented by neutral species is still terra incognita. Direct observations of thermospheric neutral composition, temperature and winds are complicated and expensive. Therefore one hardly may hope to have any thermosphere monitoring system in the nearest future, on the other hand there is a necessity in such system. The use of world-wide routine ionospheric observations at F2-region heights to retrieve thermospheric parameters may be considered as a solution. In the case of a successful solution of the problem it will be possible to organize a thermosphere monitoring over Europe in DIAS infrastructure.

GP1.54      REAL TIME 3D IONOSPHERIC MODELLING WITH RAY TRACING APPLICATION OVER MEDITERRANEAN AREA

C. Scotto, A. Settimi, C. Bianchi, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Roma, Italy

This paper reviews the concept and some practical examples of instantaneous 3D modelling of regional ionosphere, based on ionosonde data from the INGV continuously operating stations at Roma and Gibilmanna. The 3D model was built considering characteristic anchor points for each of the different ionospheric regions and joining these points by an adaptive ionospheric profiler derived from the one used in Autoscala. The model produces as an output a 3D matrix which can be profitably used as an input for a Matlab/Fortran based ray tracing program recently developed at INGV.

GP1.56      DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF NEURAL NETWORK BASED IONOSPHERIC TOMOGRAPHY

S. Hirooka, K. Hattori, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan;  T. Takeda, The University of electro-communications, Tokyo, Japan  

In order to investigate the dynamics of ionospheric phenomena, perform the 3-D ionospheric tomography is effective. However, it is the ill-posed inverse problem and reconstruction is difficult because of the small number of data. The Residual Minimization Training Neural Network (RMTNN) tomographic approach proposed by Ma et al. (2005) has an advantage in reconstruction with sparse data. They have demonstrated few results in quiet conditions of ionosphere in Japan. Therefore, we validate the performance of reconstruction in the case of disturbed period and quite sparse data by the simulation and/or real data in this paper.

GP1.57      THE FREQUENCY PROPERTIES OF THE QUASIPERIODIC VARIATIONS OF MIDLATITUDE ES LAYER TRACES AMPLITUDE

K. Usupov, A. Akchurin, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University (KFU), Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation

Long-term observation of Es-layer performed using Kazan ionosonde with 1 minute period of ionogram registration. Deep quasiperiodic variations at certain frequency range in Es-traces amplitude were observed. New form of data presentation is introduced, which allows to display the critical frequencies and the fine structure of ionospheric layers. Interference beatings appear at 4MHz in the afternoon and at 2MHz at night, and have extent in the frequency range of 0,5-2,5MHz. With increasing sounding frequency the distance between minima increase from 40 to 700 kHz. Es-layer occurrence depending on structural features are determined.

GP1.58      THE HEIGHT PROPERTIES OF THE QUASIPERIODIC VARIATIONS OF MIDLATITUDE ES LAYER TRACES AMPLITUDE

K. Usupov, A. Akchurin, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University (KFU), Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation

The analysis of height variations in beatings range in the presence of the cusp of x-trace of Es-layer is performed. The beats begin at merge of x-trace cusp with flat part of o-trace of Es. Initial beating frequency is shifted to the fH/2 from foE. These facts indicate that the beatings are caused of the interference of o-and x-modes and we deal with a polarization interferometer with a height sensitivity of 200m. To measure the variation of background concentration below the Es-layer an approximation of the distances between minima is carried out.

GP1.59      WEDDELL SEA ANOMALY: INVESTIGATION USING THE GLOBAL NUMERICAL MODEL

M. A. Knyazeva, Y. V. Zubova, A. A. Namgaladze, Murmansk State Technical University, Murmansk, Russian Federation

The Weddell Sea Anomaly morphology and the mechanism of its formation were investigated using the global numerical Upper Atmosphere Model (UAM) and the empirical model of the ionosphere IRI-2001. The numerical experiments have showed that the anomalous, inverted diurnal F2-layer electron density variations are caused by the non-coincidence of the geomagnetic and geodetic axes. This non-coincidence produces the difference in vertical velocities of the ion transfer by the thermospheric wind action at western and eastern longitudinal sectors.

GP1.60      THE STORM TIME IONOSPHERE DYNAMICS AT LOW SOLAR ACTIVITY PERIOD

I. V. Cherniak1, I. E. Zakharenkova1, I. I. Shagimuratov1, A. Krankowski2, N. A. Korenkova1, V. S. Leschenko1;  1WD IZMIRAN, Kaliningrad, Russian Federation; 2GRL/UWM, Olsztyn, Poland

At the boundary of the 23rd and 24th solar cycles the geomagnetic disturbances occurred on October 11, 2008, July 22, 2009, May 2 and 29, 2010 caused the most appreciable ionosphere reaction. The peculiarities of spatial-temporal ionospheric response over the Europe are investigated. The results of multi-instrumental radiophysical observations were used for analysis. Each of considered geomagnetic disturbances with the similar magnitude caused the ionospheric response with different duration, amplitude, sign, and spatial character. It was observed positive, two-phase and negative ionospheric storms. The mechanisms of positive ionospheric storms caused by the moderate geomagnetic disturbances were considered.

GP1.61      COMPARISON OF ELECTRON DENSITY PROFILES EXTRACTED FROM DIAS MAPS AND IONOSONDE MEASUREMENTS AT NICOSIA DURING LOW SOLAR ACTIVITY

H. C. Haralambous, Frederick University, Nicosia, Cyprus

This paper presents a comparison of electron density profiles derived from digital ionosonde measurements at the low-middle latitude European station in Nicosia, Cyprus (coordinates: 35oN, 33oE geographic) and the DIAS system at various heights (100-450 km). DIAS (European Digital Upper Atmosphere Server) is a service based on a pan-European digital data collection on the state of the upper atmosphere, which offers real-time information and historical data collections provided by ionospheric stations in Europe. The hourly profiles used in this study were obtained using manually scaled data during the solar minimum period from January to December 2009.

GP1.62      IONOSPHERIC TEC MODEL DERIVED FROM GPS DATA

C. Akpaca, O. Nver, Institute of Science & Technology, Yýldýz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey;  K. Bozkurt, Z. Can, K. Kutlu, Arts & Sciences Faculty, Yýldýz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey  

The ionosphere is a naturally occurring plasma, divided into D, E and F layers, exhibits a continuous variable depending on location and time. This variability in the ionosphere stands out regular and irregular forms depending on the solar activity, geographical location, season, also changes the time of day. There are ionospheric modeling approaches caused by the complex nature of ionosphere. In this study, the resulting changes in the sun and the effects of earthquakes to TEC changing are investigated with the GPS signals for the modelling of the utilizing GPS signals.

HP1 – Poster session 1

Session Chair: Yoshiharu Omura

Session     HP1

Type          Poster Presentation

Schedule   Tuesday, August 16, 16:00-19:00

Room        Poster Area

HP1.1         PLASMON: DATA ASSIMILATION OF THE EARTH'S PLASMASPHERE

A. B. Collier, Hermanus Magnetic Observatory, Hermanus, South Africa;  J. Lichtenberger, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary;  M. Clilverd, British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, United Kingdom;  B. Heilig, Eotvos Lorand Geophysical Institute, Tihany, Hungary;  M. Vellante, University of LAquila, L'Aquila, Italy;  J. Manninen, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland;  C. Rodger, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand;  A. Jorgensen, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, USA;  J. Reda, Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland;  R. Holzworth, University of Washington, Seattle, USA;  R. Friedel, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, USA  

The principal source and loss mechanisms in the Earth's radiation belts are not completely understood. The dominant loss process is relativistic electron precipitation via resonant interactions with a variety of wave modes. Current models provide an inadequate representation of the plasmasphere. Ground based measurements, based on the analysis of VLF whistlers and Field Line Resonances, are able to describe large sections of the plasmasphere. These measurements provide electron number and plasma mass densities. PLASMON is a FP7 project which intends to assimilate near real time measurements of plasmaspheric densities into a dynamic plasmasphere model.

HP1.2         VERTICAL IONOSPHERE SOUNDING USING CONTINUOUS SIGNALS WITH LINEAR FREQUENCY MODULATION

A. V. Podlesny, V. I. Kurkin, A. V. Medvedev, K. G. Ratovsky, Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Irkutsk, Russian Federation

Consideration of the digital chirp sounder design for the modern systems of a geophysical monitoring, communication channels state forecasting and the research problems solution is given. Given the comparative results of pulsed and of continuous signal vertical sounding ionosondes.

HP1.3         FREQUENCY AND AMPLITUDE ANALYSIS OF CHORUS EMISSIONS OBSERVED BY GEOTAIL

S. Mori, K. Ishizaka, S. Yagitani, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan;  M. Hikishima, H. Kojima, RISH, Kyoto University, Uji, Japan  

We try to find the observational evidence of the nonlinear evolution of chorus emissions, by examining their wave form data observed by the GEOTAIL spacecraft. Especially we investigate the relationship between the frequency shift and the amplitude variation of each chorus element. We evaluate statistically the correlation between their frequency sweep rates, frequencies and amplitudes. As a result, a positive correlation is found, which is consistent with the nonlinear growth feature of the chorus emissions obtained in simulation and theory.

HP1.4         A NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF THE TIME EVOLUTION OF PLASMA WAKE STRUCTURE AROUND A SIMPLIFIED 2D CUBE SATELLITE MODEL

R. Mitharwal, R. Baktur, C. Swenson, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States

A two-dimensional numerical model was developed to study the time evolution of wake structure around a cube satellite moving in a plasma with transonic speed. The cube satellite was simplified to be a 2D metal cylinder with a square cross section. An electric potential is then applied to the metal cylinder. The numerical scheme was compared to the analytical solution for a 1D problem before being applied to the 2D model. The study provided an initial understanding of plasma behavior around the 2D cube satellite model when it is in its orbit.

HP1.5         ESTIMATION OF SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF LOWER IONOSPHERE WITH TWO-DIMENSIONAL FDTD SIMULATIONS

T. Miyake, T. Kurokawa, T. Okada, K. Ishisaka, Toyama Prefectural University, Toyama, Japan

We performed a series of FDTD simulations with different types of electron density profiles in the lower ionophere, and then confirmed characteristics of MF wave propagations in the lower ionosphere. In this study, we are going to try to estimate spatial structure in the lower ionosphere by analyzing altitude profiles of magnetic field intensities of waves with various frequencies. Simulation results indicate that spatial structure in the lower ionosphere can be estimated by analyzing altitude profiles of different waves emitted from different wave sources with various frequencies.

HP1.6         SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT OF EWO-WFC/OFA ABOARD BEPICOLOMBO MMO SPACECRAFT

T. Imachi, Y. Kasahara, Y. Goto, Kanzawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan;  Y. Kasaba, Tohoku university, Sendai, Japan;  H. Kojima, Kyoto University, Uji, Japan  

On the mission of BepiColombo Mercury Magnetopheric Orbiter (MMO), we aim to investigate the properties of electromagnetic field and plasma wave phenomena at Mercury’s magnetosphere and the interplanetary region around Mercury. For the subject we are developing software of EWO-OFA/WFC that is a component of PWI. The developing environment is placed at a laboratory of Kanazawa University, and the software is under developing. In our presentation, we will report the detail of the software and the status of development.

HP1.7         INTERPRETATION OF ION VELOCITY DISTRIBUTIONS MEASURED WITH A RETARDING FIELD ENERGY ANALYZER (RFEA) IN A INDUCTIVELY COUPLED HELICON PLASMA

N. Gulbrandsen, W. J. Miloch, A. Fredriksen, University of Tromso, Tromso, Norway

A Retarding Field Energy Analyzer (RFEA) with a grounded surface in a plasma will be surrounded by a sheath that distorts the ion distribution function (IDF) measured at the probe relative to the IDF in the plasma. We investigate this by comparing two simple 1D models to a 3D PIC simulation of an RFEA in a plasma with parameters similar to the Njord helicon device. In addition we have shown that the opening angle of the probe has an significant effect on the low energy part of the measured IDF.

HP1.8         MODE CONVERSION IN A RANDOMLY-STRATIFIED UNMAGNETIZED PLASMA

K. Kim, D. J. Yu, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea;  D.-H. Lee, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea  

In real space plasmas, there exist random spatial variations of the plasma density as well as regular variations. The random density profile can affect the behaviors of resonance and wave propagation. In this paper, we investigate how the mode conversion from electromagnetic waves into electrostatic modes in a stratified unmagnetized plasma is affected by random density variations superimposed to the linear profile near the resonance. We obtain a surprising result that mode conversion is substantially enhanced in the presence of weak randomness. We interpret this result in terms of the enhancement of tunneling due to weak randomness.

HP1.9         ON WHISTLER-MODE WAVE SCATTERING ON SMALL SCALE DENSITY IRREGULARITIES

I. Kuzichev, Space Research Institute of RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation

This work concerns the problem of whistler exit to the ground. After propagation in the magnetosphere, whistler waves become quasi-electrostatic and should experience lower hybrid resonance reflection. To explain wave exit to the ground, we follow up the idea of wave scattering on small scale irregularities in the upper ionosphere. Interaction with this irregularities excites harmonics inside the penetration cone. Using Green function method, we derive an integral equation for the wave field containing all modes possible for given frequency, solve this equation in Born approximation, and obtain an expression for energy attenuation due to scattering.

HP1.10       WHISTLER TURBULENCE IN HIGH BETA PLASMA: PARTICLE-IN-CELL SIMULATION

S. Saito, Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan;  S. P. Gary, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA  

Two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation of whistler turbulence in high beta as observed in the solar wind at 1AU is carried out in a collisionless, homogeneous, magnetized plasma. Our simulation results show that the wavenumber anisotropy and the power-law index in high beta plasma are more isotropic and steeper than those in lower beta plasmas. Electron Landau and cyclotron damping become more effective at higher beta plasmas, so this simulation, that corresponds to solar wind conditions at 1 AU, suggests that electron kinetic effects are important in determining the properties of whistler turbulence in the high beta regime.

HP1.11       TURBULENCE IN THE SOLAR WIND: 3D MEASUREMENTS OF WAVENUMBER SPECTRA USING THE K-FILTERING TECHNIQUE

B. Grison, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, AS CR, Prague, Czech Republic;  F. Sahraoui, LPP,CNRS, Saint-Maur, France;  R. Grappin, LUTH, Meudon, France;  L. Sorriso-Valvo, Laboratorio Regionale LICRYL - IPCF/CNR, Rende, Italy  

Magnetic turbulence has been studied for many years in the solar wind. Most of the observational work has been focused on the large scale (MHD range) assuming the Taylor frozen-in condition. Recently some multi spacecraft studies have permit to increase our knowledge concerning turbulence in the solar wind via the k-filtering technique applied to Cluster data. Here we will show results of application of the k-filtering technique to MHD simulations data in the inertial range.

HP1.12       REVISITING ION ACOUSTIC SOLITARY WAVES IN MAGNETIZED AND UNMAGNETIZED PLASMAS

S. S. Ghosh, Indian Institute of Geomagnetism, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

Ion acoustic solitary waves in plasmas have been studied extensively by many authors. They are found to be relevant for interpreting large amplitude solitary structures at the auroral region associated with ion beams. Detail investigations of ion acoustic solitary waves using Sagdeev pseudopotential techniques revealed many interesting features, like compressive ion acoustic double layers, and coexistence of both positive and negative amplitude waves for a single plasma state. The present work intends to have a comparative overview of different features of ion acoustic solitary waves using some selected plasma models.

HP1.13       SOLITARY POTENTIAL STRUCTURES IN PRESENCE OF NON-THERMAL ELECTRONS

S. V. Singh, G. S. Lakhina, Indian Institute of Geomagnetism, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India;  R. Bharuthram, University of the Western Cape, Modderdam Road, Belville, South Africa;  S. R. Pillay, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa  

Arbitrary amplitude electron-acoustic solitary waves are studied in an unmagnetized plasma consisting of non-thermally distributed electrons, fluid cold electrons, electron beam and ions using the Sagdeev psuedo-potential method. Positive potential solitary structures are obtained for the typical auroral region parameters. The electric field amplitude amplitude of these potential structures ranges from few mV/m to 200 mV/m.

HP1.14       EVIDENCE OF ION FORESHOCK IN 2-D PIC SIMULATIONS OF A CURVED COLLISIONLESS SHOCK: STATISTICAL AND INDIVIDUAL TRAJECTORY APPROACH

P. Savoini, J. Stienlet, LPP - Ecole Polytechnique - UPMC, Palaiseau, France;  B. Lembege, LATMOS - CNRS - UVSQ - IPSL, Guyancourt, France  

2-D full particle simulations are used to investigate the so-called foreshock region which is filled with energized backstreaming particles. Two populations are observed for 90 ≥ QBn ≥ 45: (i) field-aligned ion beams collimated along the IMF and having a gyrotropic distribution and (ii) gyro-phase bunch ions having a global gyration around the magnetic field. Our analysis evidences that these two populations are reflected by the shock itself and can have different origins both in term of interaction time, drift along the shock front and distance of penetration ("leaked" ions are observed).

HP1.15       DIFFERENT BOUNDARY LAYERS AT THE HIGH LATITUDE MAGNETOSPHERE BEHIND THE CUSP

Q. Shi, Shandong University at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong, China;  Z. Pu, S. Fu, Q. Zong, Institute of Space Physics and Applied Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China  

During southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), the electron and ion boundary are separated near the dayside boundary layer. Here we show observations at the high latitude magnetosphere tailward of the cusp during northward IMF. We find that the ion edge is observed firstly and then the electron edge is found by Cluster. Detailed analysis indicates that this is caused by the reconnection at the high latitude. The relationship between the observations and the aurora data is also discussed. A global simulation shows that these observations in different regions might be closely related to each other.

HP1.16       QUASI-PERPENDICULAR SHOCKS NON STATIONARITY AND MICRO-TURBULENCE

C. Mazelle, IRAP / Univ. of Toulouse - CNRS, Toulouse, France;  B. Lembege, LATMOS / CNRS UVSQ, Guyancourt, France  

A very important issue of a high Mach number quasi-perpendicular shock is its nonstationary character. Results based on CLUSTER data have evidenced that the ramp width is variable in time and can reach a very narrow value covering a few electron inertial lengths only, that is a dispersive whistler scale. While less prominent than for low beta subcritical shocks, whistler waves precursor associated to dispersion at the shock front can also be present in supercritical regime. The properties of such whistler wave packets are presented from a multi-spacecraft analysis.

HP1.17       THE MAGNETOTAIL CURRENT SHEET MOVEMENT DETECTED BY CLUSTER

W. Sun, Q. Shi, T. Xiao, Shandong university at Weihai, Weihai, China

Using Cluster four spacecraft data, we have made a statistical research on the motion properties of the magnetotail current sheets of the year 2004 and 2005 with various methods. We find that most of the current sheets are propagating from the midnight tail region to dawn and dusk flanks which is consistent with previous studies. Most of the current sheets are propagating with the velocities smaller than 100 km/s, and the exceptions account for 6.5 % of all events. We have also found that Enter/Retreat current sheets more favorably occur during the southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF).

HP1.18       CLUSTER OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETIC HOLES NEAR THE INTERPLANETARY CURRENT SHEETS AT 1 AU

T. Xiao, Q. Shi, W. Sun, Shandong University at Weihai, Weihai, China

Linear Magnetic holes (LMHs) are magnetic field decreasing structures with little change in the field direction. Xiao et al. have studied the geometrical shape and occurrence rate of LMHs in the solar wind at 1 AU by using the magnetic field and plasma data provided by Cluster C1 [1]. In this work, we will investigate LMHs near the region of interplanetary current sheet. It is found that about 60% of LMHs accompanied with the small scale current sheets within 10min. This result may help us to study the formation mechanism of the LMHs in the solar wind.

HP1.19       WAVE ACTIVITY IN THE FOOT REGION OF A QUASI-PERPENDICULAR SHOCK: 3-D PIC SIMULATION RESULTS

I. Shinohara, M. Fujimoto, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science/Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan

We have carried out a 3-D full particle simulation of a quasi-perpendicular shock. The full mass ratio M/m=1840 was taken for this simulation, and almost one ion inertia length square was set for the plane perpendicular to the upstream flow. Complicated wave activity is found in the shock transition region, and comparing with lower dimensional simulations with the same parameters, strong electromagnetic wave activity is found at the most frontier of the shock foot only in the 3-D result. We will discuss the observed 3-D nature of wave activity in the shock transition region.

HP1.20       FULL PARTICLE-IN-CELL SIMULATION STUDY ON THE SOLAR WIND INTERACTION WITH SMALL-SCALE DIPOLE MAGNETIC FIELD

H. Usui, T. Moritaka, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan

We have been investigating the solar wind interaction with a small-scale dipole magnetic field structure less than the ion inertial length by performing full particle-in-cell electromagnetic simulation. We particularly focus on the current layer induced at the boundary of the dipole field. In the current case, electron interaction with the local magnetic field becomes important. The unmagnetized ions are indirectly influenced by the dipole field due to the electrostatic force cause by the difference from the electron dynamics. We examine the formation of a small-scale magnetosphere and the current layer by considering the IMF effect.

HP1.21       ONE-DIMENSIONAL PARTICLE-IN-CELL SIMULATION OF ELECTRON BEAM PLASMA INTERACTION

E. J. Koen1,2, A. B. Collier3, S. K. Maharaj1;  1Hermanus Magnetic Observatory, Hermanus, South Africa; 2Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden; 3University of KwaZulu Natal, Hermanus, South Africa

The theory of the two-stream instability is used to validate the initial phase of a developing code which ultimately aims to simulate the generation of VLF chorus. A one dimensional Particle-in-Cell simulation shows that waves are generated when a warm electron beam is injected into a cold background plasma with components of the electric field being excited. After a few time steps the phase space reveals a distortion of the beam and the creation of potential holes, causing electrons to oscillate.

HP1.22       STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF OUTER ELECTRON RADIATION BELT DROPOUTS: GEOSYNCHRONOUS AND LOW EARTH ORBIT RESPONSES DURING SOLAR WIND STREAM INTERFACES

O. Ogunjobi1, A. B. Collier1,2, C. J. Rodger3;  1University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban, South Africa; 2Hermanus Magnetic Observatory and University of KwaZulu-Natal, Hermanus, Capetown, South Africa; 3University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand

The OMNI-2 data set enables correlative study of Stream Interface events during the period 2005-2008. A superposed epoch analysis of these events is performed to determine the solar wind conditions and geomagnetic parameters. Preparatory work shows that events occur during -Bz(nT), with median Kp reaching 4+ at arrival. This is consistent with conditions necessary for loss through magnetopause and precipitation via wave-particle interactions. Based on energy, time and L, statistical analysis of electron flux data from GEO and LEO satellites are used to examine dropouts and the associated energetic electron precipitation.

HP1.23       CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN WHISTLER MODE DUCTS AND CHORUS EMISSIONS OBSERVED ON THE CLUSTER SPACECRAFT

N. Haque1, U. Inan1,2, T. Bell1;  1Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States; 2Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey

Chorus emissions are intense naturally occurring plasma waves generated outside the plasmapause near the magnetic equatorial plane. Chorus often appears in two frequency bands, with an upper band above f_ce/2 and a lower band below, where f_ce denotes equatorial gyrofrequency. Bell (2009) proposed that the source region for this configuration, known as banded chorus, consists of whistler mode ducts of depleted electron density for upper band chorus and ducts of either enhanced or depleted density for lower band chorus. This paper provides support for the correspondence between ducts and banded chorus through analysis of chorus observed on Cluster spacecraft.

HP1.24       THE THEORY AND NUMERICAL MODELLING OF FALLING FREQUENCY VLF EMISSIONS IN THE MAGNETOSPHERE

D. Nunn1,2, Y. Omura2;  1Southampton University,UK, Southampton, United Kingdom; 2Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

Previous numerical simulations of triggered VLF emissions and VLF chorus have triggered risers but only the Vlasov code of Nunn has simulated fallers. These are rather unstable and difficult to produce. Risers are generated downstream from the equator in the negative inhomogeneity region, while fallers are the opposite. The VHS code is run with a phase box confined to the upstream region, since non linear unducting/wave spreading plus Landau damping will attenuate the wavefield before it reaches the negative inhomogeneity region, thus preventing the formation of risers/hooks. The code then reliably produces fallers which are analysed in detail.

HP1.25       TESTING OF THE BACKWARD WAVE OSCILLATOR MODEL BY SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS OF VLF CHORUS ELEMENTS

E. Titova1,2, B. Kozelov1, A. Demekhov3, O. Santolik4, E. Macusova4, J.-L. Rauch5, J. G. Trotignon5, D. Gurnett6, J. Pickett6;  1Polar Geophysical Institute, Apatity, Russia; 2Space Research Institute, Moscow, Russia; 3Institute of Applied Physics, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; 4IAP/CAS, Prague, Czech Republic; 5Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de lEnvironnement et de lEspace, CNRS, Orleans, France; 6University of Iowa, Iowa, USA

A generation mechanism for chorus was suggested by Trakhtengerts on the basis of the backward wave oscillator (BWO) regime of magnetospheric cyclotron maser. According to this model, step-like deformation on the electron distribution function is the most important factor of chorus generation, but such a feature is very difficult to observe. By measuring the frequency sweep rates in chorus elements detected by the Cluster spacecraft we determine the mean values and distributions of a dimensionless parameter characterizing the step feature. These values are in agreement with the results of numerical simulations of chorus elements based on the BWO model.

HP1.26       SATELLITE AND GROUND-BASED OBSERVATIONS OF A LARGE-SCALE ELECTRON PRECIPITATION EVENT.

R. J. Gamble1, C. J. Rodger1, M. A. Clilverd2, N. R. Thomson1, T. Ulich3, M. Parrot4, J.-A. Sauvaud5, J.-J. Berthelier6;  1University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; 2British Antarctic Survey (NERC), Cambridge, United Kingdom; 3University of Oulu, Sodankyla, Finland; 4Laborotoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de lEspace, Orleans, France; 5Centre d'Etudes Spatiale des Rayonnements, Toulouse, France; 6Laboratoire Atmosphres, Milieux, Observations Spatiales, IPSL, CNRS, St-Maur-Des-Fosss, France

Energetic electron precipitation into the atmosphere is determined using subionospheric VLF measurements, DEMETER satellite electron spectra, and modelling techniques for a 24-hour period during the January 2005 geomagnetic storms. Large-scale observations using VLF measurements of multiple subionospheric paths to Sodankyl, Finland, are combined with detailed in situ measurements from the DEMETER satellite to determine the spatial extent, flux, and energy distribution of the precipitation. By providing a better picture of both the intensity and size of the precipitation region, we obtain a more complete picture of the net impact that such an event has on the atmosphere.

HP1.27       ON STATISTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF CHARACTERISTICS OF CHORUS ELEMENT GENERATION

B. V. Kozelov1, E. E. Titova1,2, A. G. Demekhov3, O. Santolik4;  1Polar Geophysical Institute, Apatity, Murmansk region, Russian Federation; 2Space Research Institute, Moscow, Russian federation; 3Institute of Applied Physics, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation; 4Charles University and IAP/CAS, Prague, Czech Republic

A generation mechanism for VLF chorus was suggested by V. Yu. Trakhtengerts on the basis of the backward wave oscillator regime. We discuss a statistical distribution of the dimensionless parameter q, quantifying an excess of the electron flux over the absolute-instability threshold. By discrete numerical simulation we demonstrate that if the noised on-off intermittency regime generation is realized, then the observed q values deduced from chorus elements should be extreme ones, but the average value over the entire event can be much smaller. We stress an importance of taking the noise-induced type of chorus generation into account.

HP1.28       CHORUS PROBABILITY AND WAVE POWER DISTRIBUTIONS AS OBSERVED BY THE POLAR PLASMA WAVE INSTRUMENT

N. L. Bunch1, M. Spasojevic1, Y. Y. Shprits2,2;  1Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States; 2University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States

In this study we employ a database of chorus observations from the Plasma Wave Instrument Sweep Frequency Receiver onboard the Polar spacecraft, which are used to generate probability statistics, and approximate typical magnetic wave power as a function of space and geomagnetic activity. Previous studies concerning chorus wave power statistics have focused on a band-integrated and time-averaged data product which is typically used as the fundamental chorus input to radiation belt models. Here we estimate this quantity by which mean magnetic wave power and occurrence probability are incorporated to determine what we call "composite" wave power.

HP1.29       PARTICLE SIMULATION OF RISING TONE EMISSIONS TRIGGERED BY WAVES WITH DIFFERENT AMPLITUDES

M. Hikishima, Y. Omura, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan

Self-consistent particle simulations are performed for analysis of whistler mode triggered emissions in the Earths inner magnetosphere. With different triggering wave amplitudes greater than the threshold for the nonlinear wave growth, triggered emissions are successfully excited. The amplitudes and the frequency sweep rates of the triggered emissions are almost same. Additionally, the triggering wave amplitudes satisfy an optimum amplitude condition for which rising triggered emissions can attain the maximum nonlinear wave growth. We also found that the density ratio of the energetic electrons to the background cold electrons contributes to the frequency sweep rate of triggered emissions significantly.

HP1.30       PITCH ANGLE SCATTERING BY ELECTROMAGNETIC ION CYCLOTRON TRIGGERED EMISSIONS IN THE INNER MAGNETOSPHERE: HYBRID SIMULATIONS

M. Shoji, Y. Omura, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan

To reproduce EMIC triggered emissions, we develop a 1D hybrid code with a cylindrical geometry of the background dipole magnetic field in the equatorial region of the inner magnetosphere. We reproduce rising tone emissions in the simulation space, finding a good agreement with the nonlinear wave growth theory. In the energetic proton velocity distribution we find formation of a proton hole, which is assumed in the nonlinear wave growth theory. A substantial amount of the energetic protons are scattered into the loss cone, while some of the resonant protons are accelerated to higher pitch angles, forming a pancake velocity distribution.

JP1 – Poster session 1

Session Chairs: Subra Ananthakrishnan, Justin Jonas

Session     JP1

Type          Poster Presentation

Schedule   Tuesday, August 16, 16:00-19:00

Room        Poster Area

JP1.1         PROCESSING LOFAR TELESCOPE DATA IN REAL TIME ON A BLUE GENE/P SUPERCOMPUTER

J. W. Romein, J. D. Mol, R. V. van Nieuwpoort, P. C. Broekema, Stichting ASTRON (Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy), Dwingeloo, Netherlands

This paper gives an overview of the LOFAR correlator. Unlike traditional telescopes, the correlator is implemented in software, yielding a very flexible and reconfigurable instrument. The term "correlator" understates its capabilities: it filters, corrects, coherently or incoherently beam forms, dedisperses, and transforms the data as well. It supports several observation modes, even simultaneously. The high data rates and processing requirements compel the use of a supercomputer; we use a Blue Gene/P. The software is highly optimized and achieves extremely good computational performance and bandwidths, increasing the performance of the entire LOFAR telescope.

JP1.2         DESIGN OF A 96 ELEMENT FX CORRELATOR FOR THE LOFAR-UK STATION

G. Foster, K. Zarb Adami, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom

Design for a 96 dual polarization FX correlator is under development for the LOFAR-UK station at the Chilbolton Observatory in the United Kingdom. This instrument will compute the auto and cross correlations of all 192 signal paths over 25 MHz of the LOFAR HBA band. The correlation products will form the basis of imaging the full sky overhead the LOFAR station on timescales of ~100 ms in a search for fast radio transients. Using FPGA based boards developed in the radio astronomy community we can significantly speed up the development time of this instrument.

JP1.3         ADVANCED MULTI-BEAM SPECTROMETER FOR THE GREEN BANK TELESCOPE

D. A. Roshi1, M. Bloss1, P. Brandt1, S. Bussa1,2, H. Chen3, P. Demorest4, G. Desvignes3, T. Filiba3, R. J. Fisher4, J. Ford1, D. Frayer1, R. Garwood4, S. Gowda3, G. Jones3,5, B. Mallard3, J. Masters4, R. McCullough1, G. Molera3, K. O'Neil1, J. Ray1, S. Scott3, A. Shelton1, A. Siemion3, M. Wagner3, G. Watts1, D. Werthimer3, M. Whitehead1;  1National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO), Green Bank, WV 2494, United States; 2University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States; 3University of California, Berkeley, , CA 94720, United States; 4National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, VA 22903-2475, United States; 5Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States

A new spectrometer for the Green Bank Telescope (GBT) is being built jointly by the NRAO and the CASPER, University of California, Berkeley. The spectrometer uses 8 bit ADCs and will be capable of processing up to 1.25 GHz bandwidth from 8 dual polarized beams. This mode will be used to process data from focal plane arrays. The spectrometer supports observing mode with 8 tunable digital sub-bands within the 1.25 GHz bandwidth. The spectrometer can also be configured to process a bandwidth of up to 10 GHz with 64 tunable sub-bands from a dual polarized beam.

JP1.4         ASKAP BEAMFORMER

J. D. Bunton, G. A. Hampson, A. Brown, J. Pathikulangara, J. Tuthill, L. de Souza, J. Joseph, T. Batemane, S. Neuhold, CSIRO, Marsfield, Australia

ASKAP is an SKA Precursor telescope that is demonstrating the use of phased array feeds (PAFs) at the focus of parabolic dish. An important SKA specification is survey speed and the use of PAFs increase the survey speed for a dish based antenna by and order of magnitude by generating multiple independent beams at each dish. The beams are generated by taking the signals from the PAF and forming multiple frequency-dependent sums of the signals. This is major computational task involving the processing of 1.92Tb/s of data per dish. This paper describes the system that implements this.

JP1.5         THE UNIBOARD: A MULTI-PURPOSE SCALBLE HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPUTING PLATFORM FOR RADIO-ASTRONOMICAL APPLICATIONS

A. Szomoru, Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe, Dwingeloo, Netherlands

The UniBoard, a Joint Research Activity in the RadioNet FP7 programme, has as its aim the creation of a generic high-performance computing platform for radio astronomy, along with the implementation of several demanding applications. Now into its third year, the first prototype board has been delivered and tested, a production run is underway and a large amount of firmware have been produced. At this time plans exist to use it as the basis for the next-generation European VLBI Network (EVN) correlator, the Apertif correlator and beam former and at least one all-dipole Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) correlator.

JP1.6         THE CASPER COLLABORATION FOR HIGH-PERFORMANCE OPEN SOURCE DIGITAL RADIO ASTRONOMY INSTRUMENTATION

D. Werthimer, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States

The Collaboration for Astronomy Signal Processing and Electronics Research (CASPER) has revolutionized the cost and time scale for development of high performance radio astronomy signal processing instrumentation. We present open source designs (hardware, gateware, libraries, and software tools) for a variety of flexible high bandwidth instruments, including correlators, beamformers, spectrometers, VLBI, pulsar timing and transient search machines. The collaboration relies on a small number of modular, connectible, upgradable, hardware components and platform independent software libraries that can be reused and scaled as hardware capabilities expand.

JP1.7         AUTOMATIC GENERATION OF HETEROGENEOUS SPECTROMETERS FOR RADIO ASTRONOMY

T. E. Filiba, D. Werthimer, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States

We have developed a software package to automatically generate spectrometers with minimal user input. Spectrometer design is often done by building the instrument from scratch. We have automated this design, creating a parameterized spectrometer that only requires a recompile to implement a change in specification. This spectrometer combines FPGAs and GPUs, doing coarse channelization on the FPGA and sending each subband to the GPUs for further processing. The server software is designed for flexibility, allowing astronomers to easily modify the processing algorithm run on the GPU and customize the instrument to fit their science goals.

JP1.8         LOW-POWER ARCHITECTURES FOR LARGE RADIO ASTRONOMY CORRELATORS

L. R. D'Addario, JPL/Caltech, Pasadena, CA, United States

The architecture of a cross-correlator for a synthesis radio telescope with N>1000 antennas is studied with the objective of minimizing power consumption. It is found that the optimum architecture minimizes memory opera-tions, and this implies preference for a matrix structure over a pipeline structure and avoiding the use of memory banks as accumulation registers when sharing multiply-accumulators among baselines. A straw-man design for N=2000 and bandwidth of 1GHz, based on ASICs fabricated in a 90nm CMOS process, is presented. The cross-correlator proper (excluding per-antenna processing) is estimated to consume less than 35kW.

JP1.9         COMPUTATIONALLY EFFICIENT ALGORITHM FOR FAST TRANSIENTS DETECTION

G. Soudlenkov, V. V. Kitaev, Auckland University of Thechnology, Auckland, New Zealand

Multi-staged fast transient detection technique for large arrays has been proposed aiming to reduce the computational and data transport/storing requirements. Firstly, the presence of abrupt change in raw time-domain data needs to be identified. Then an evidence of extraterrestrial nature of detected signal needs to be found. If such evidence is present, more detailed analysis is applied. Applying this strategy, a computationally inexpensive algorithm for detecting of dispersed transients based on detecting abrupt changes in statistical characteristics of the signal has been developed using CUSUM scheme. The efficiency of algorithm is demonstrated on pulsar PSR J0835-4510.

JP1.10       OCTAVE-FAMILIES: VLBI OBSERVATION SYSTEMS TO SUPPORT VDIF SPECIFICATIONS WITH 10 GBE FOR VERA, JVN AND JAPANESE E-VLBI (OCTAVE)

T. Oyama, S. Mizuno, Y. Kono, N. Kawaguchi, NINS, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan

NAOJ has developed VLBI observation Systems (OCTAVE-Families). The Octave systems consist of a high speed 8-Gsps 3-bit ADC (OCTAD) enable us to acquire wide radio frequency up to 50 GHz, a converter (OCTAVIA) between 10 GbE and VSI-H, and disk recorders (OCTADISK) at 4.5 Gbps with 10 GbE. These systems are connected via 10 GbE network with VDIF (Vlbi Data Interchange Format) specifications. These components will be used for VERA, OCTAVE(Japanese e-VLBI), JVN and KJJVC (Korea-Japan Joint VLBI Correlator). This paper will report the detailed performances and results of test VLBI observations.

JP1.11       EQUIPPING THE SUBMILLIMETER ARRAY FOR VLBI

R. A. Primiani, J. Weintroub, J. Moran, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA, United States;  S. Doeleman, MIT Haystack Observatory, Westford, MA, United States  

VLBI observations at a wavelength of 1.3 mm have confirmed structure in SgrA* on scales of just a few Schwarzschild radii. More sensitive observations in the next few years could confirm a tentative detection of time variable structures predicted by models of flaring activity in SgrA*. A key improvement in sensitivity is provided by the deployment of a VLBI processor at the Submillimeter Array (SMA) on Mauna Kea. This new instrument enables the SMA and the neighboring single dish telescopes, CSO and JCMT, to contribute to future VLBI observations with all their collecting area.

JP1.12       AN ALMA BEAMFORMER FOR VLBI AND PHASED ARRAY SCIENCE

S. Doeleman, MIT Haystack Observatory, Westford, MA, United States;  J. Webber, R. Lacasse, R. Escoffier, National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesvile, VA, United States;  M. Inoue, Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Taipei, Taiwan;  W. Alef, Max-Planck-Institute for Radio Astronomy, Bonn, Germany;  M. Honma, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka, Japan;  N. Nagar, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile;  A. Baudry, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux, Floirac, France  

By phasing all of its 12m dishes together, ALMA will be able to anchor (sub)mm VLBI arrays capable of resolving super massive black holes on Schwarzschild radius scales. Phasing ALMA will also enable pulsar searches towards the Galactic Center as well as study of known high frequency magnetars. This presentation discusses technical considerations of constructing and integrating a phased-array processor into the ALMA system. A detailed plan and design that conforms to all ALMA requirements and the construction schedule will be described. Initial VLBI and phased array science projects can be carried out with ALMA within 3 years.

JP1.13       DEVELOPMENT OF A LOW-NOISE WIDE-BAND PHASED-ARRAY FEED

B. Veidt, T. Burgess, R. Messing, G. J. Hovey, National Research Council of Canada, Penticton, BC, Canada;  R. J. Smegal, Aardvark Resources, Victoria, BC, Canada  

Low-noise phased-array feeds are a new way to expand the field of view of radio telescopes at centimetre wavelengths. First generation engineering demonstrators of this technology have been constructed and tested by several institutes worldwide. The development of second-generation phased-array feeds is now underway. We describe one effort to design and build an astronomy-capable phased-array feed using techniques to reduce front-end noise and increase system bandwidth.

JP1.14       A BROADBAND FPGA DIGITAL BEAMFORMER FOR THE ADVANCED FOCAL ARRAY DEMONSTRATOR (AFAD)

G. J. Hovey, T. Burgess, B. Carlson, Z. Ljusic, B. Veidt, H. Zhang, National Research Council of Canada, Penticton, BC, Canada

Broadband Focal Array Beamformers offer the potential to increase the field of view of reflector antennas. Such systems require processing bandwidth of order 1 GHz and need to beamform tens of polarized beams from over 100 elements. A number of such systems have been built but none with the bandwidth and number of elements required by the Square Kilometre Array (SKA). In this paper we outline the digital beamformer for the Advanced Focal Array Demonstrator being developed at the National Research Council Canada–a system that meets the bandwidth and beam requirements for the SKA.

JP1.15       PERFORMANCE OF POLARIMETRIC BEAMFORMERS FOR PHASED ARRAY RADIO TELESCOPES

M. V. Ivashina1, S. J. Wijnholds2, R. Maaskant1, K. F. Warnick3;  1Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden; 2ASTRON, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands; 3Brigham Young University (BYU), Provo, USA

The results of four recently introduced beamforming schemes are discussed, each of which is capable to provide high sensitivity and accurate polarimetric performance of array-based radio telescopes. Ideally, a radio polarimeter should recover the actual polarization state of the celestial source, and thus compensate for unwanted polarization degradation effects which are intrinsic to the instrument. In this paper, we compare the proposed beamforming schemes through an example of a practical phased array system (APERTIF prototype) and demonstrate that these schemes are sensitivity equivalent but lead to different polarization state solutions, some of which are sub-optimal.

JP1.16       ELEMENT GAIN DRIFTS AS AN IMAGING DYNAMIC RANGE LIMITATION IN PAF-BASED INTERFEROMETERS

O. M. Smirnov, ASTRON, Dwingeloo, Netherlands;  M. V. Ivashina, Chalmers University Of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden  

Interferometry with phased-array feeds (PAFs) presents new calibration challenges in comparison with single-pixel feeds. In particular, temporal instability of the compound beam patterns due to element gain drifts (EGDs) can produce calibration artefacts in interferometric images. To translate imaging dynamic range requirements into PAF hardware and calibration requirements, we must learn to relate EGD levels to imaging artefact levels. We present a MeqTrees-based simulations framework that addresses this problem, and apply it to the APERTIF system currently in development for the WSRT.

JP1.17       OVERVIEW OF SKA CALIBRATION CHALLENGES AND IMPACT OF DESIGN DECISIONS

S. J. Wijnholds1, R. Nijboer1, K. J. B. Grainge2, J. D. Bregman1;  1ASTRON, Dwingeloo, Netherlands; 2Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK

The Square Kilometre Array (SKA), a future radio telescope envisaged to be an order of magnitude more sensitive than current instruments, poses significant calibration challenges. We provide an overview of calibration challenges and discuss current insights in the interplay between calibration and system design. Although further research is required to make quantitative statements on the imaging dynamic range limitations imposed by calibration, we illustrate this interplay by deriving specific requirements on the size and filling factor of SKA aperture array stations.

JP1.18       ANTENNA DESIGN AND DISTRIBUTION FOR A LOFAR SUPER STATION IN NANCAY

J. N. Girard, P. Zarka, LESIA - Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, Meudon, France;  M. Tagger, LCP2E - Universite d'Orleans, CNRS, Orleans, France;  L. Denis, Station de Radioastronomie - Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, Nancay, France;  D. Charrier, SUBATECH - Universite de Nantes, Nantes, France;  A. Konovalenko, Institute of Radio Astronomy - National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkov, Ukraine  

The Nanay radioastronomy observatory and associated laboratories are developing the concept of a ``Super Station" for extending the LOFAR station now operational in Nanay. The LOFAR Super Station (LSS) will increase the number of high sensitivity long baselines, provide short baselines and an alternate core, and be a large standalone instrument. It will operate in the LOFAR low band (30-80 MHz) and extend to lower frequencies. Three key developments are presented: the design of a specific elementary antenna, the distribution of antennas at small-scale (analog-phased mini array) and at large-scale (the whole LSS).

JP1.19       D-PAD: A SPARSE APERTURE ARRAY FOR RADIO ASTRONOMY AND TESTBED FOR SQUARE KILOMETRE ARRAY TECHNOLOGIES

D. C. Price, S. Schediwy, M. Jones, The University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

The D-PAD sparse aperture array is a pathfinder for the SKA Phase 1 Aperture Array. Here, we give an overview of the D-PAD system and report progress, then discuss the deployment of the first D-PAD tile. D-PAD is designed as a test-bed for novel radio astronomy techniques, such as next-generator correlator architectures, RFI excision algorithms, and calibration schemes. D-PAD aims to investigate the dynamic range achievable using sparse arrays. Proving that high dynamic ranges can be achieved with sparse arrays is an important step towards the phase 1 SKA aperture array design.

JP1.20       ZERO-SPACING INTERFEROMETER FOR MEASUREMENT OF CONTINUUM SPECTRUM OF THE LOW RADIO FREQUENCY BACKGROUND

A. Raghunathan1, R. D. Ekers2, R. Subrahmanyan1;  1Raman Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India; 2CSIRO, Epping, NSW, Australia

A wide band radio spectrometer has been developed to detect features in the low radio frequency background in the frequency range 87.5 -175 MHz. The system configuration consists of a pair of antennas forming an interferometer along with a space beam splitter in between. The antennas are broad-band dipoles, the space beam splitter is a resistive wire screen and the digital receiver is a high resolution spectro-correlator.We present the design and performance test measurements.

JP1.21       LOFAR: A DIGITAL APERTURE ARRAY RADIO TELESCOPE

A. W. Gunst, M. P. van Haarlem, R. C. Vermeulen, ASTRON, Dwingeloo, Netherlands

Construction of the Low Frequency Array is nearly complete. It consists of 48 stations, mostly concentrated within the Netherlands, and spreading into Europe. Each station has 48 or 96 dipole antennas and antenna tiles, optimized for 30-240 MHz. LOFAR uses a combination of true time delay and phased-array techniques. Digital beamforming gives the system agility and allows rapid repointing and the potential for multiple simultaneous observations. Digital buffering allows a posteriori imaging of transient events. LOFAR has automated processing pipelines interacting with its long-term archive. In all its aspects LOFAR is an important pathfinder for the SKA.

KP1 – Poster session 1

Session Chairs: Jorgen Andersen, Jing Bai

Session     KP1

Type          Poster Presentation

Schedule   Tuesday, August 16, 16:00-19:00

Room        Poster Area

KP1.1         NEW IN VIVO OPTICAL MOLECULAR IMAGING MODALITIES

P. Wu, J. Tian, D. Dong, K. Liu, D. Han, J. Zhong, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

Recent advances in optical molecular imaging technology have led to great improvements in image resolution, and are increasingly being applied to non-invasively delineate in vivo physiological and pathological processes at cellular and molecular levels. It provides the potential for the understanding of integrative biology, earlier detection and characterization of disease and the evaluation of treatment. This paper focuses on the typical in vivo optical molecular imaging modalities as well as their potential clinical applications and future development.

KP1.2         LIGHT-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY OF MUTAGEN-DNA COMPLEX IN PRESENCE OF COMPETING BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS

I. Iermak, Institute for Radiophysics and Electronics NAS of Ukraine, Kharkov, Ukraine;  A. Woziwodzka, A. Gwizdek-Wisniewska, J. Piosik, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland  

Mathematical analysis of absorption spectra of biologically active substances is presented. Two models of interactions of mutagen and caffeine with DNA analyzed and obtained binding parameters show good coincidence. Using different models, which take into account formation of various complexes, it is possible to calculate different binding parameters of such triple systems and choose the model describing corresponding system in the best way.

KP1.3         INFLUENCE OF A HIGH-FREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD AT 2.45 GHZ ON HUMAN INTERLEUKIN 1 BETA AND INTERLEUKIN 6 PRODUCTIONS IN MACROPHAGE-LIKE U937 CELLS

E. Narita1, T. Sakurai1, Y. Suzuki2, M. Taki2, J. Miyakoshi1;  1Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; 2Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan

General concern regarding the potential hazards of exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF) has led to many epidemiological investigations. In vitro study, the cellular immune effects of EMF are discussed. We investigated the effects of a high-frequency electromagnetic field (HFEMF) at 2.45 GHz on human interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) productions in human monoblastic U937 cells. Our results showed that the exposure to a HFEMF at SAR of 1 and 10 W/kg for 4 hours has no significant effect on IL-1β and IL-6 productions in U937 cells.

KP1.4         THIN MICROWAVE ANTENNA FOR INTRACAVITARY HEATING OF BILE DUCT CARCINOMA - EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATIONS ON PERFORMANCES OF ANTENNA USING A SWINE -

K. Saito, K. Tsubouchi, M. Takahashi, K. Ito, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan

MRI contrast agents, Feridex and Resovist have superparamagnetic substance as an active ingredients. Feridex does not show temperature rise under AC magnetic field. Resovist shows temperature rise under the same condition. We simulated the optimum frequency on Resovist using phantom and found it is 140kHz. However treatable cancer volume was limited to 9cm3. We tried a fractionation of Resovist. One of the fractions was found to be effective by more than 6 times compared to the drug by itself. This result suggests that the hyperthermia in combination with the fraction and induction heating device is a promising treatment for cancer.

KP1.5         DETECTION OF THE BLOOD LEUKEMIA BY USING THE ULTRA WIDE BAND PULSES

H. M. Mostafa, M. A. A. Aldosoky, Helwan University, cairo, Egypt

Ultra-wideband radar for diagnosing and detection of the tumors in the human tissue has been developed for many years. This detection includes the breast, liver and the skin tumors. This is due to the high resolution and the ability of detection and diagnosing. Detection of blood leukemia is another application of the ultra wide radar. This method minimizes the usage of the chemical process of detection. This paper presents the proposed model for detecting the blood leukemia without any aid of the chemical materials.

KP1.6         INTERMEDIATE FREQUENCY MAGNETIC FIELDS DID NOT HAVE GENOTOXIC AND PROMOTION POTENTIALS IN IN VITRO TESTS

S. Nakasono1, M. Ikahata2, M. Takahashi1, S. Yoshie2, T. Negishi1;  1Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Abiko-city. Chiba, Japan; 2Railway Technical Research Institute, Kokubunji-city, Tokyo, Japan

In recent years, the use of new electrical appliances, that use or emit intermediate frequency (IF; 300 Hz to 10 MHz) electromagnetic fields, has been increasing. We have investigated genotoxic and promotion potentials of a vertical and sinusoidal IF MF of 0.91mT (rms) at 2 kHz, 1.1mT (rms) at 20 kHz and 0.11mT (rms) at 60 kHz. We used microbial mutagenicity tests, gene conversion tests, micronucleus tests or mouse lymphoma assay for genotoxicity, and Bhas42 promotion tests for promotion. The results indicate that the IF MFs did not have genotoxic nor promotion potentials in the experimental conditions.

KP1.7         SHORT-TERM WHOLE BODY EXPOSURE OF INTERMEDIATE FREQUENCY MAGNETIC FIELDS TO RATS DOES NOT AFFECT BLOOD PROPERTIES AND IMMUNE SYSTEMS

A. Ushiyama1, A. Unno1, S. Ohtani1, Y. Suzuki2, K. Wada2, N. Kunugita1, C. Ohkubo3;  1National Institute of Public Health, Saitama, Japan; 2Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan; 3Japan EMF Information Center, Tokyo, Japan

We explored short term exposure effects of intermediate frequency of magnetic fields (IF-MF) to rats. IF-MF at 21 kHz was exposed to rats under fixed conditions in an acrylic holder. Exposure was done at 1hour/day for 3 consecutive days. On the 4th day, biochemical and hematological parameters in the blood were analyzed. We also examined the effects to the immunological functions. Results indicate there is no effects to these parameters, even high magnetic flux density (3.8 mT; 141 times higher than the reference level to general public of ICNIRP guideline 2010) was exposed to the animals.

KP1.8         A SINGLE-CHANNEL THZ IMAGING SYSTEM FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS

T. Rubaek, R. N. Dahlback, A. Fhager, J. Stake, M. Persson, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden

Due to technological advances, imaging in the THz-range of the electromagnetic spectrum is currently emerging as an interesting tool for security, safety, and biomedical applications. In this paper, a THz imaging system designed for biomedical analysis is described. The system consists of a pair of antennas operating in transmission mode at 335 GHz. The antennas can be moved independently of each other and a tomographic imaging algorithm is used to reconstruct the images.

KP1.9         FRENCH GENERAL PRACTITIONERS AND HEALTH EFFECTS OF EMF

A. Perrin, Ministry for Defence, IRBA - CRSSA, La Tronche, France;  J. Lambrozo, M. Souques, EDF, Paris, France  

Concerns about health risks linked to electromagnetic fields (EMF) lead to questions asked to GPs. Information on the biological effects of EMF is abundant, but controversial and potentially disturbing. Individuals suffering from electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS) attributes a variety of symptom to EMF. In this context, a survey study among a representative population of French GPs was carried out to investigate what GPs know about EMF, what are their sources of information, what are the concerns of the patients about EMF, and what is the extent of EHS in France. The results of this study will be presented at the meeting.

KP1.10       ANTENNA ARRANGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS FOR MICROWAVE HYPERTHERMIA APPLICATIONS

O. Iþýk, E. Korkmaz, The Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Istanbul, Buyukcekmece, Turkey;  B. Turetken, UEKAE, Kocaeli, Gebze, Turkey  

This paper presents the adequateness of a rectangular spiral shaped patch antenna and a Vivaldi antenna having narrow beam width to use for antenna arrangements in microwave hyperthermia applications. The results obtained from simplified leg model show the adequateness of the small size spiral antenna due to its capability to operate at multi frequencies and narrow beam width. In addition its small lateral size is promising to use it in multi antenna configuration system for microwave hyperthermia application for cancer treatment.

KP1.11       NEW MEASUREMENT METHOD OF WHOLE BODY SAR BY USING WHEELER CAP METHOD

T. Arima, T. Imamura, T. Uno, Tokyo university of agriculture and technology, Tokyo, Japan

In this paper a new measurement technique for whole body SAR of small phantom is proposed. The method is based on Wheeler cap method. Wheeler cap method is originally used for antenna efficiency measurement. The effectiveness of the method is confirmed by experimentally and numerically.


 

AP – Poster Session

Session Chairs: P Banerjee, William Davis

Session     AP

Type          Poster Presentation

Schedule   Thursday, August 18, 16:00-19:00

Room        Poster Area

AP.1           ON A NEUROCOMPUTING BASED PREDICTIVE MODEL FORECASTING THE WINTER SHOWER IN INDIA

S. S. De, B. Bandyopadhyay, G. Chattopadhyay, S. Paul, D. K. Sinha, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India

Development of a neurocomputing technique to forecast average winter shower in India has been modeled using 48 years data. The complexities in the rainfall-sea surface temperature (SST) relationships have been statistically analyzed along with the collinearity diagnostics. Presence of multicollinearity is revealed and a variable selection is executed accordingly. Absence of persistence is also exhibited. Artificial Neural Net (ANN) Model as predictive tool in the form of MLP has been generated with SST anomaly and average winter shower data. Neural Net model with small prediction error is developed and supremacy of ANN over conventional statistical predictive procedure is established.

AP.2           A COMPACT PLANAR DUAL-BAND BANDPASS FILTER WITH ASYMMETRIC BANDWIDTHS

C.-C. Huang1, C.-C. Diao2, H.-H. Huang3, C.-F. Yang4, F.-H. Wang1, Y.-C. Chen5, T.-H. Meen6;  1National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan; 2Kao Yuan University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; 3Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; 4National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; 5National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; 6National Formosa University, Yunlin, Taiwan

Two different lengths of open-loop rectangle-ring resonators were parallelly positioned at two sides of input/output microstrip lines with the same coupling gap and length. The longer open-loop rectangle-ring was designed to resonate at 1.23 GHz and 2.31 GHz. The shorter open-loop rectangle-ring was designed to resonant at 2.52 GHz to improve the bandwidth of 2.4 GHz band. The proposed filter revealed great filtering properties and was suitable to used for the applications of GPS (L2-band, 1.227 GHz), and WLAN (IEEE802.11b/g, 2.4~2.4835 GHz).

AP.3           DESIGNING A MINIATURIZED T-SHAPED NON-ORTHOGONAL FEED INPUT/OUTPUT DUAL-MODE BANDPASS FILTER

Y.-J. Liao1, C.-C. Wu2, C.-C. Su1, C.-F. Yang1, S.-J. Chang3, C.-J. Huang1, Y.-C. Chen4;  1National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; 2Kao Yuan University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; 3National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; 4National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

Dual-mode filters with differently structured resonator were designed on Al2O3 substrate for pattern minimization and better properties. Al2O3 substrate with a permittivity of 9.8 is easily integrated with RF circuits. For the proposed filter, two open stubs, one perturbation patch, and one meandering loop ring were investigated to achieve the same purpose with smaller size. To improve the coupling effect, two additional stubs were used to form the T-shaped microstrip coupling lines. The proposed filter showed a size reduction compared with the published filters, and it also provided deep transmission zeros on both sides of the passband.

AP.4           HYBRID-FED MICROSTRIP LOOP RESONATOR WITH CAPACITIVE MEANDER LINES

C.-H. Chen, H.-M. Chen, Y.-K. Wang, National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;  C.-G. Kuo, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan;  S.-M. Wu, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;  Y.-C. Chen, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan  

A compact wide-band bandpass filter (BPF) using the degenerate modes of a meander structure printed on the FR4 substrate is proposed. The resonator is based on a capacitive meander loop loaded with a perturbation strip at the center of the resonator for the coupling effects. Besides its simple structure, the filter shows low insertion loss and minified to small size, owing to the meander structure used for lengthening the resonant length. The effect of input/output symmetrically hybrid-fed lines located along a straight line on the proposed filter is studied for dual-mode filter.

AP.5           AN INDIRECT IMPEDANCE CHARACTERIZATION METHOD FOR MONOLITHIC DOUBLE-SLOT ANTENNAS FOR THZ SENSORS

K. Topalli, G. C. Trichopoulos, K. Sertel, ElectroScience Lab, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States

We present an indirect port-impedance characterization technique for monolithically manufactured THz antennas. Due to the exceedingly small geometrical details, standard contact-probe measurements cannot be carried out at the desired port locations. Several contact-probe measurements are carried out at remote locations. THz antenna is treated as a two-port network and the port impedance seen by a sensing diode can be analytically determined using standard S-parameter measurements. This approach provides accurate estimates of the antenna impedance, with possible exceptions when the electrical length between the two ports is close to an integer multiple of half wavelength.

AP.6           G-BAND FREQUENCY-STEERING ANTENNA ARRAY DESIGN AND MEASUREMENTS

E. Cullens1, L. Ranzani1, E. Grossman2, Z. Popovic1;  1The University of Colorado, Boulder, CO; 2National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO

This paper discusses design of a micro-fabricated frequency-steered waveguide slot array and its radiation pattern measurements over a 130GHz to 180GHz frequency range. The array is designed in a reduced-height WR-5 waveguide, and the slot spacing, size and position are optimized using HFSS. The array was fabricated in the PolyStrataTM process by Nuvotronics, LLC. The measured return loss of the 20-element travelling-wave array is below 12dB from 130 to 180GHz. The radiation patterns agree well with simulations are exhibit about 1degree/GHz of scanning. The measurements were performed in a calibrated quasi-optical setup.

AP.7           A COMPACT MODIFIED GROUND CPW FED ANTENNA FOR UWB APPLICATIONS

S. V A, S. Jacob, M. Santa, A. C K, V. Kesavath, M. Pezholil, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, kerala, India

A Coplanar waveguide fed compact planar monopole antenna with a modified ground plane is presented. Measured and simulated results reveal that the antenna operates in the Ultra Wide Band with almost constant group delay throughout the band. Time domain performance of the antenna is also discussed in order to assess its suitability for impulse radio applications

AP.8           A MODEL OF PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM WITH MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING CONTROL AND THE OBSERVATION OF THE EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS WITH THE APPLICATION AT BATMAN CITY IN TURKEY

T. Sengor, S. Shahidul, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey

The electrical behaviour of the Photovoltaic module with the change of temperature and solar irradiance is presented. An observation of photovoltaic system with maximum power point tracking control using the Perturb-Observe Algorithm and the effect of variable solar irradiance over this system took place. It is crucial to operate the PV energy conversion systems near the Maximum Power Point to increase the efficiency of the photovoltaic system. The maximum power operating point varies with solar irradiance level and temperature. For a successful photovoltaic system the tracking control of the maximum power point is a most important issue.

BP2 – Poster Session 2

Session Chair: Giuliano Manara

Session     BP2

Type          Poster Presentation

Schedule   Thursday, August 18, 16:00-19:00

Room        Poster Area

BP2.1         PLANE WAVE DIFFRACTION BY A VARYING IMPEDANCE DISCONTINUITY IN A PERFECTLY CONDUCTING CIRCULAR WAVEGUIDE

K. Durgut, G. Cinar, Gebze Institute of Technology, Kocaeli, Turkey

Diffraction of electromagnetic plane waves by a finite length cylinder with variable surface impedance which is located between two semi-infinitely long perfectly conducting cylinders is investigated rigorously. Fourier transform technique is applied and a Fredholm integral equation of the second kind is determined which was solved by considering the residue contributions of the poles. Thus, the solution of the problem is reduced into the determination of infinite number of unknown coefficients satisfying an infinite system of linear algebraic equations. The influence of the varying impedance surface and the waveguide radius on the reflected and transmitted waves is presented graphically.

BP2.2         OBSERVATIONS ON THE RESISTIVE LOSSES AND THE ELECTROSTATIC FIELD DISTRIBUTION IN AN INSULATING NANOCOMPOSITE

B. L. G. Jonsson, B. Venkatesulu, M. Norgren, H. Edin, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden

It has been reported that adding insulating nanoparticles to an epoxy polymers increases its breakdown strength. Thermal runaway caused by resistive losses can act as a precursor to the electrical breakdown process. To examine the influence of nanoparticles on the breakdown strength, the magnitude of the dc-electric field distribution and its corresponding resistive losses around insulating Al2O3-nanoparticles has been determined for linear and non-linear epoxy polymer media w.r.t. filling degree of particles. The nanoparticle addition to a polymer creates both "no heating" regions and "significant heating" regions in the close vicinity of the interface.

BP2.3         RADIATION EFFICIENCY ENHANCEMENT OF A HORIZONTAL DIPOLE ON AN ELECTRICALLY THICK SUBSTRATE BY A PMC GROUND PLANE

A. Shahvarpour1, A. Alvarez-Melcon2, C. Caloz1;  1Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal, Montreal, Canada; 2Universidad Politecnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain

A method for the enhancement of the radiation efficiency of horizontal electric radiators on grounded substrate at low-efficiency substrate thicknesses, corresponding to TM surface-wave cutoff frequencies, is presented. This method consists in placing a thin (high permittivity) dielectric slab between the initial slab and the ground plane so as to generate an equivalent perfect magnetic conductor (PMC) condition at the bottom of the main substrate. This method can be used to provide more design flexibility in high-efficiency planar antennas in the millimeter-wave regime, where the substrates are typically electrically very thick.

BP2.4         POSITIONAL DEPENDENCE OF MICROSTRIP LINE PROPERTIES ON ARTIFICIAL SUBSTRATES

A. K. Amert, K. W. Whites, SDSMT, Rapid City, SD, United States

Integration of artificial electromagnetic materials into devices can be a difficult task due to manufacturing limitations. Recently, simplified versions of these materials have been proposed that are far easier to manufacture. However, non-ideal effects are caused by the physical modification used to simplify these materials. In this paper, microstrip lines placed onto artificial material substrates composed of metallic cube and sphere particles are simulated and characterized. Positional dependence of effective line properties was observed.

BP2.5         REFLECTARRAY ANTENNAS: AN INTUITIVE EXPLANATION OF REFLECTION PHASE BEHAVIOR

H. Rajagopalan, Y. Rahmat-Samii, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States

This paper presents the concept of reflectarray antenna in a novel way utilizing a graphical visualization tool. This approach greatly facilitates understanding of the working of the reflectarray antenna and provides an intuitive explanation for the reflectarray behavior. The reflectarray element is characterized in a unit cell environment and true reflectarray environment for its reflection phase performance. By analyzing and evaluating the incident, scattered, and total electric fields, the element behavior can be understood and the overall reflectarray performance can be validated. This reflection phase approach can be potentially used to perform diagnostics to identify flaws in the existing design.

BP2.6         A RIGOROUS MODEL FOR AXIALLY-SYMMETRIC RADIATORS OF PULSED WAVES

O. Shafalyuk, P. D. Smith, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia

In the present work, we solve a problem of the appropriate and efficient truncation of the computational domain (a principal problem of computational electrodynamics) in so-called open problems (the problems where the computational domain is infinite along one or more spatial coordinates) for the case of TE- and TM-waves in axially-symmetrical open compact resonators with waveguide feed lines. Also, a number of questions have been considered that occur when solving far-field problems and problems involving extended sources or sources located in the far-zone.

BP2.7         RELATIVISTIC INVARIANCE OF THE TIME-DOMAIN WAVEGUIDE MODES

O. A. Tretyakov, O. Akgun, Gebze Institute of Technology, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey

The relativistic invariance of a complete set of time-domain modes under Lorentz transformation is proved. The time-domain modes are exhibited as the particular solutions to the system of Maxwell's equations with time derivative. The waveguide surface has the properties of perfect electric conductor. The modal fields are presented via transverse-longitudinal decompositions. Every field component is a product of a modal amplitude depending on longitudinal coordinate and time, and an element of modal basis in the waveguide cross section. The modal basis is specified in a general form. Exact explicit solutions for the modal amplitudes are presented.

BP2.8         TEMPORAL EVOLUTION OF THE IRROTATIONAL AND SOLENOIDAL CAVITY MODES

F. Erden, Turkish Naval Academy, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey;  O. A. Tretyakov, Gebze Institute of Technology, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey  

An outline of the evolutionary approach to time-domain electromagnetics is presented in a form available for practice. A cavity is loaded with a given source of transient signal. The cavity field is presented via expansions in terms of the solenoidal and irrotational modes having time-dependent modal amplitudes. The differential equations with time derivative are derived from Maxwell's equations for the amplitudes jointly with appropriate initial conditions. The frequency-domain theory usually interprets the irrotational modes as some static fields. Graphical results illustrating the time dependence of the irrotational and solenoidal modes will be exhibited in the presentation.

BP2.9         SCALAR DIFFRACTION PROBLEM FOR N ARBITRARILY SHAPED SURFACES OF REVOLUTION: RIGOROUS APPROACH

A. Shafalyuk, E. Vinogradova, P. Smith, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia

This paper describes the application of the analytical regularization method to the solution of scalar diffraction problems. Reflectors composed from several coaxial surfaces of revolution are considered. The surfaces are arbitrarily shaped and may be closed or open. The initial problem is transformed to an infinite linear algebraic system of second kind. Numerical solutions to such systems with a guaranteed pre-specified accuracy are readily obtained.

BP2.10       EXTRAORDINARY INTERACTION OF TERAHERTZ AND OPTICAL WAVES THROUGH METALLIC NANO-SLITS

M. Jarrahi, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States

We present a periodic array of metallic nano-slits, which enables extraordinary interaction of terahertz and optical waves at nano-scale dimensions. Such capability is due to the unique property of periodic arrays of subwavelength metallic slits to support guided modes at multiple frequency bands determined by slit geometry. Diffraction limit in periodic arrays of subwavelength metallic slits is mitigated by excitation of surface waves which assist efficient coupling of a TM-polarized incident electromagnetic wave into the TEM modes of the subwavelength slab waveguides formed by metallic slits.

BP2.11       PERTURBATION ANALYSIS OF PLANAR PERIODIC LEAKY-WAVE ANTENNAS FED BY CYLINDRICAL SURFACE-WAVES

S. K. Podilchak1,2, S. F. Mahmoud3, A. P. Freundorfer2, Y. M. M. Antar1,2;  1The Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON, Canada; 2Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada; 3Kuwait University, Kuwait, Kuwait

An accurate but simple perturbation analysis of planar cylindrical leaky waves (LWs) is presented. Initially a printed leaky-wave antenna (LWA), realized by a grounded dielectric slab and fed by a SW source in the ground plane for surface wave (SW) excitation, is considered. Attenuation and phase constants for the cylindrical LW mode are derived along with the pointing angle and beamwidth as a function of frequency. Results are also in good agreement with full-wave simulations and measurements for some recently designed and fabricated structures.

BP2.12       EFFECT OF CONDUCTOR BACKING ON COUPLED COPLANAR WAVEGUIDE WITH FINITE GROUND PLANES

V. Akan, TUBITAK Space Technologies Research Institute, Ankara, Turkey;  M. Duyar, Republic of TURKEY, Ministry of Industry and Trade, Ankara, Turkey;  E. Yazgan, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey  

In this paper, quasi-static coupling characteristics of conductor-backed coupled coplanar waveguide (CB CCPW) with finite ground planes are presented. CAD-oriented closed-form expressions for calculating the even and odd mode quasistatic parameters of conductor-backed coupled coplanar structures are derived by using conformal mapping techniques (CMT). Numerical results of obtained analytic formulas are compared with those available in the literature for similar structures. According to the comparisons good agreement between the results are observed.

BP2.13       MATERIAL INVARIANT FORMULATION OF PLANE WAVE SCATTERING BY A MOVING DIELECTRIC HALF-SPACE

B. Polat, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey

In virtue of the axiomatic structure of a recently introduced Material Invariant Electromagnetic Field Theory, we introduce the general formulation of a scattering problem for arbitrarily moving material media and provide the solution for the canonical case of TM plane wave scattering by a dielectric half-space in uniform rectilinear motion.

BP2.14       IMPEDANCE BOUNDARY CONDITION ON A PEC BACKED UNIAXIALLY ANISOTROPIC SHEET OF ARBITRARY SHAPE

B. Polat, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey

Impedance boundary condition is investigated on a PEC backed uniaxially anisotropic sheet of arbitrary shape based on the distributional tools on an arbitrary regular surface. The investigation provides a generalization of the distributional procedure introduced by Ýdemen in 1993 for the case when the material sheet is of arbitrary shape and backed by a perfect electrical conductor. The availability of an impedance boundary condition is scrutinized for 8 different types of materials of practical interest.

BP2.15       RIGOROUS ANALYSIS OF THE PARALLEL-PLATE WAVEGUIDE BY THE HYBRID MODE FORMULATION: FROM THE TEM MODE TO THE SURFACE PLASMON POLARITON

C. A. Leal Sevillano1, J. A. Ruiz Cruz2, J. R. Montejo Garai1, J. M. Rebollar Machain1;  1Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; 2Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

This paper presets an analysis of the parallel-plate waveguide, based on an hybrid mode formulation. The nonideal metallic conductors of the waveguide are treated as a media characterized by an equivalent permittivity. The behavior of the electromagnetic field of the fundamental mode is studied. At low frequencies (microwaves) the fundamental mode is the well-known TEM mode; as frequency increases, the electromagnetic field changes significantly and a surface wave or Surface Plasmon Polariton behavior is observed at the highest frequencies of the terahertz band. This paper shows an unified formulation that explains this transformation in the electromagnetic field behavior.

BP2.16       EFFECT OF APEX ANGLE ON ABSORPTION CHARACTERISTIC OF PYRAMIDAL ABSORBERS

I. Catalkaya, S. Kent, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey

Array of absorbing pyramid cones are widely used in anechoic chambers to measure electromagnetic wave interference Accuracy of measurements is related with absorbing performance of pyramidal structures on chamber walls. Absorbing performance of pyramidal structure depends on various parameters such as dielectric permittivity, magnetic permeability, material used for pyramids, physical dimensions of absorber etc. To determine effect of apex angle on absorption characteristics, absorbers which have different apex angles with same material are investigated. Reflectivity values are calculated. Both normal and oblique incidences of plane wave are analyzed. Results for different incidences angles and frequency bands are presented.

BP2.17       DESIGN FOR THE STRUCTURAL SURFACE MATERIAL ENABLING SHIELDING FOR INTERFERENCE MITIGATION WITHIN THE BUILDINGS IN THE UNLICENSED 2.4GHZ ISM BAND

B. Doken, ITU, Informatics Institute, istanbul, Turkey;  M. Kartal, ITU, Electric and Electronic Faculty, istanbul, Turkey;  I. Gungor, ITU, Institute of Science and Technology, istanbul, Turkey  

This work is proposed to design shielding for interference mitigation and network security within the buildings in the unlicensed 2.4GHz ISM band and to provide maximum transparency at broadcast frequencies. Thus, mobile phones, radio and television signals in buildings will not be affected. Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) is attached onto existing common construction material to transform the standard material into a bandstop frequency selective wall. To obtain the band response of FSS having a desired frequency interval, a new FSS periodic element geometry is introduced and the desired frequency response is achieved. HFSS software is used for simulation purposes.

BP2.18       3D ISOTROPIC MAGNETIC AND NEGATIVE INDEX NANOCLUSTER METAMATERIALS

A. Vallecchi, M. Albani, University of Siena, Siena, Italy;  F. Capolino, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA  

We investigate the optical properties of metamaterials formed by collections of three-dimensional clusters of plasmonic nanoparticles. This type of nanoclusters (NCs) consist of spherical constellations of metallic nanospheres arranged around a central dielectric sphere and support collective plasmon modes among which the most relevant are those associated with the induced electric and magnetic dipole resonances. We discuss the effective electric and magnetic polarizabilities of NCs, emphasizing their isotropic properties, and we show that dense packed arrays of NCs can be used to realize metamaterials with negative effective permittivity and permeability, and even negative effective refractive index at visible frequencies.

BP2.19       NEGATIVE EFFECTIVE REFRACTIVE INDEX METAMATERIALS AT OPTICAL FREQUENCIES BASED ON SUPERLATTICES OF NOBLE METALS AND EXCITONIC SEMICONDUCTORS

A. Vallecchi, M. Albani, University of Siena, Siena, Italy

Super lattices of engineered spherical nanoparticles are considered as model structures exhibiting dielectric and magnetic resonances at optical frequencies. We first show that a lattice of excitonic semiconductor nanoparticles can be used to realize a magnetic medium. Then, either we form a binary superlattice combining the magnetic crystal with an electric one of metal nanospheres, or we coat the nanospheres of the magnetic crystal with a metal layer and consider a single lattice of coated nanospheres. Both these approaches are shown to represent effective routes to realization of three-dimensional (3D) isotropic negative index metamaterials in the visible.

BP2.20       A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON TWO TYPES OF TRANSPARENT PATCH ANTENNAS

T. Yasin, R. Baktur, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States;  C. Furse, University of Utah, SLC, Utah, United States  

Properties of optically transparent patch antennas designed from meshed conductor and transparent conductive films are studied and compared. At S band, meshed antennas provide the best antenna efficiency for the highest transparency. It is practical to design a 90% transparent meshed antenna with more than 60% transparency. Indium tin oxide (ITO) films, although less visible to human eyes than conductive meshes, at an optical transparency of 80%, provide an antenna efficiency of less than 30% at 2.5 GHz. It is also shown that with the progress in material processing, the efficiency of an ITO patch antenna can be improved.

BP2.21       ANALYSIS AND IMPROVEMENT OF A FAST FRAUNHOFER METHOD FOR ANTENNA CHARACTERIZATION IN ITS RADIATING REGION

A. Carta, D. Trinchero, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy

The paper focuses on the assessment of the electromagnetic field in the radiating near field region of a radiator. A first version of the method has been recently presented and successfully applied to linear arrays. In this paper a set of possible solutions for the generalization of such approach are presented and evaluated, to make it suitable to the estimation of the field generated by sources with any current distribution. The proposed approaches are still easy and efficient. All the solutions are first introduced from a theoretical point of view, then validated by means of comparisons with full-wave simulations.

BP2.22       RESONANT PROPERTIES OF CONDUCTING POLYHEDRAL SPHERES WITH POLYGON MESH SURFACES

P. A. Bernhardt, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, United States

Electromagnetic excitation of metal-grid polyhedral spheres constructed of 12 pentagons and a large number of hexagons are investigated. For certain wavelengths, the porous sphere becomes a resonator with large internal electric fields. At resonance, the radar cross section increases by over 40 dB. The radar wavelength is small relative to the size of the surface holes. The resonator theory is being tested at 2.45 GHz using an open-face, sphere with 960 vertices and tuned conducting edges. The large variations in RCS with frequency are studied with inside a compact range, anechoic chamber at the Naval Research Laboratory.

BP2.23       PROPERTIES OF INFLECTIVE NANO WIRES

T. Sengor, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey

The wave phenomena around inflection points are studied from a new point of view in order to coordinate inflective shapes analytically. The inflective coordinate systems are used to compute the exact solutions. The differential equations obtained using these recently introduced coordinate systems are solved by extending the usual separation method. These extensions bring out new, special functions and series, and the achieved results give the exact meaning of physics related with inflection points. In addition, the electromagnetic wave is calculated around inflection point. The approach is extended to the nano-scale.

BP2.24       COMPACT PRINTED MONOPOLE ANTENNA FOR ULTRA-WIDEBAND APPLICATIONS

S. Raut, A. Petosa, M. Cuhaci, Communications Research Centre Canada, Ottawa, Canada

The paper reports on a design concept for a compact printed omni-directional antenna for ultra-wideband (UWB) applications. The presented design is a compact monopole-type printed antenna for operation over 500MHz-2.5GHz band for radar applications. The monopole features a unique Y-shaped configuration to achieve wideband frequency response while maintaining a compact size. An additional feature of the antenna is its shaped compact ground plane that supports the antenna feed. A prototype of the UWB monopole antenna was built and tested successfully.

BP2.25       A MULTI-OBJECTIVE APPROACH TO SUBARRAYED LINEAR ANTENNA ARRAYS DESIGN

S. K. Goudos, K. A. Gotsis, K. Siakavara, E. E. Vafiadis, J. N. Sahalos, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

In this paper we present a multi-objective optimization approach to the design of subarrayed linear antenna arrays. Two popular Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithms (MOEAs), the Generalized Differential Evolution (GDE3) and the Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II), are employed in the simultaneous optimization of directivity and sidelobe level. GDE3 and NSGA-II are applied to the synthesis of uniform and nonuniform subarrayed linear arrays, providing an extensive set of solutions for each design case. The results of the proposed method are compared with those reported in the literature, indicating the advantages and applicability of the multi-objective approach.

BP2.26       THEORY OF A TRAVELING WAVE FEED FOR A PLANAR SLOT ARRAY ANTENNA

S. R. Rengarajan1,2;  1California State University, Northridge, CA, United States; 2California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States

A planar array of longitudinal radiating slots cut in broad walls of rectangular waveguides is fed by a traveling wave array of centered-inclined coupling slots cut in the common broad walls of a feed waveguide and an array of orthogonal radiating waveguides. A theory is developed for the design of the resonant coupling slots using the scattering matrix representation. Numerical results computed for the radiation pattern, tilt angles of coupling slots, and excitation phases of the radiating waveguides are presented for a uniformly excited array. It is shown that the use of resonant coupling slots simplifies the design process.

BP2.27       BROADBAND INVESTIGATION OF THE SPATIAL CORRELATION OF ANTENNAS FOR MOBILE PHONES

I. B. Bonev, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark;  S. V. Savov, Тechnical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria  

In this paper the correlation coefficient between two Inverted L Antennas (ILA) in wide frequency range is investigated. The coefficient has been calculated by using expression in terms of far-field radiation patterns in the azimuth plane. Novel theoretical expressions are obtained for this coefficient in the case of a couple of parallel short horizontal dipoles in a uniform angle of arrival (AoA) distribution. Moreover, the numerical simulations for the correlation coefficient obtained for two ILA antennas are compared to the correlations developed for two short vertical and horizontal dipoles. Good agreement between analytical and simulation results is found.

BP2.28       WIDEBAND LINEAR AND DUAL-POLARIZED ANTENNA BASED ON HUYGENS SOURCE PRINCIPLE

A. A. Kishk, University of Mississippi, University, MS, United States;  H.-J. Seo, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA  

A Huygens source principle is used to design a wideband antenna. An electric dipole and a slot are located above a ground plane to have unidirectional broadside radiation with high front to back ratio. A symmetry radiation patterns are obtained. Linear and dual polarized antennas are designed and tested. The antennas achieve more than 50% bandwidth for both cases. The dually polarized antenna achieves around 30 dB isolation between the two ports.

BP2.29       TPMS RECEIVE ANTENNA DESIGN FOR LARGE VEHICLES

A. Zdemirli, M. M. Bilgi, K. Yegin, Yeditepe Univ., Istanbul, Turkey

TPMS (Tire Pressure Monitoring System) is becoming an industry standard for driving safety and fuel efficiency. The receiving antenna for TPMS resides in the near field of the sensor antenna and this makes it very difficult to establish a reliable RF link for large vehicles. In the design of receiving antenna, it is paramount to consider the electric field distribution around the vehicle due to transmitter sensor. Through extensive large vehicle simulations, we show optimum locations for the receive antenna and we designed two candidate antennas for best reception.

BP2.30       MODELING OF THE LOWER ATMOSPHERIC ELECTRIC FIELD DUE TO THUNDERCLOUD

S. S. De, B. Bandyopadhyay, S. Paul, D. K. Haldar, S. Barui, M. De, M. Sanfui, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India

Electric field generation in the lower atmosphere by thunderclouds with a suitable charge distribution profile has been modeled. The responses of the atmosphere are presented through Maxwells equations together with a time-varying source charge distribution. Different conductivities of the medium are taken as exponentially graded function of altitude. The expression of electric potential has been deduced from which the variation of electric field at different heights is numerically analyzed.

BP2.31       DESIGN AND OPTIMIZATION OF A CIRCULARLY POLARIZED MICROSTRIP ANTENNA FOR GPS APPLICATIONS USING ANFIS AND GA

A. A. Heidari, A. Dadgarnia, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran

In this paper a method based on combining adaptive neuro fuzzy inference systems (ANFISs) and genetic algorithm (GA) is applied for design and optimization of a circularly polarized microstrip antenna for L1 frequency band of GPS. In design process, trained ANFISs are used for estimating return loss and axial ratio. In optimization process, a proper objective function is defined and minimized with GA in order to obtain optimum physical parameters. The optimization method is much faster than conventional optimization methods. Both simulation and measurement results confirm the accuracy and efficiency of the method.

BP2.32       A HEALING SYSTEM FOR FAILED ANTENNA ARRAY USING PSO

O. P. Acharya, A. Patnaik, S. N. Sinha, Indian Institute Of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India

In large antenna arrays possibility of getting faults for some of the radiating elements can not be denied at all the times. In such situation the pattern of the array gets distorted mostly with an increasing sidelobe level (SLL) and removal of the nulls if any from its desired position. In this paper a synthesis method using particle swarm optimization (PSO) is developed for these failed antenna arrays. Reconfiguration of the amplitude and phase distribution of the remaining working elements in a failed array can improve the SLL and also maintain the null position.

BP2.33       APPLICATION OF THE POTENTIAL METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE RADAR CROSS SECTION OF ELECTRICALLY LARGE OBJECTS

M. Herberthson, Swedish Defence Research Agency, Linkoping, Sweden

We consider the problem of determining radar cross sections of large bodies. In the traditional method of moments (assuming perfectly conducting bodies), an object which is large enough compared to the wavelength gives a linear system of equations of unreasonable size. In this work we demonstrate how the Potential method applies to large objects. In short, the potential method replaces the induced and unknown surface current by a 'down sampled' current which in turn (via Hodge decomposition theorem) is expressed in terms of two scalar functions/potentials. It is demonstrated how this approach leads to a smaller system of equations.

BP2.34       APPLICATION OF THE ANALYTICAL EXPRESSIONS OF FIELDS TO MOT SOLUTION OF TIME DOMAIN EFIE AND CFIE

H. A. Ulku, A. A. Ergin, Gebze Institute of Technology, Kocaeli, Turkey

The effects of use of the exact closed-form expressions of the electric and magnetic fields (potentials) due to impulsively excited RWG basis functions on the Marching on-in-Time (MOT) solutions of the EFIE and CFIE are presented. The solutions via analytical expressions of fields are verified and compared with conventional (numerical) MOT solutions. It is shown that the accuracy and stability of the solutions obtained with the analytical-based method are better than those obtained with numerical-based conventional method. Also the dependency of the MOT solution of the time domain EFIE to time step size is investigated.

BP2.35       SOLUTION OF THE INITIAL CONDITION PROBLEM OF TIME DOMAIN EFIE

H. A. Ulku, A. A. Ergin, Gebze Institute of Technology, Kocaeli, Turkey

Marching on-in-Time (MOT) solution of the time domain electric field integral equation (EFIE) can be corrupted with linearly increasing and constant components. This corruption is mainly caused by the inappropriate imposing of the initial conditions to the solution of EFIE. In this study, first and second order formulations (FOF and SOF) of the time domain EFIE to alleviate the linear and constant corruption components will be presented. It will be shown that FOF remedies the linear component problem and SOF remedies both linear and constant component problems.

BP2.36       PYRAMIDAL HORN ANTENNA GAIN CALCULATIONS IN RECEIVING MODE USING FDTD TECHNIQUE

M. Ali, S.-O. Park, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejon, South Korea

A few widely used incident wave models for pyramidal horn antenna analysis are compared on the basis of gain computations. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) technique is applied to compute the gain of horn antennas in this receiving mode. The computed gains are compared with published measured results. The computed results agree well with the measurement for high-gain horn and also for lower gain horn.

BP2.37       ELECTROMAGNETIC DIFFRACTION BY AN IMPEDANCE CYLINDER BURIED HALFWAY BETWEEN TWO HALF-SPACES

M. A. Salem, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia;  A. H. Kamel, Advanced Industrial, Technological and Engineering Center, Cairo, Egypt  

We consider the problem of electromagnetic diffraction from a cylinder with impedance surface and half-buried between two dielectric media. An arbitrary located electric dipole provides the excitation. The harmonic solution is presented as a series sum over a spectrum of a discrete-index Hankel transform, and the spectral amplitudes are determined by solving an infinite linear system of equations, which is constructed by applying the orthogonality relation of the 1D Greens function.

BP2.38       SIMPLE PRECONDITIONING TECHNIQUE: EMPIRICAL FORMULA FOR CONDITION NUMBER REDUCTION AT A JUNCTION OF SEVERAL WIRES

A. A. Lysko, CSIR, Pretoria, South Africa

The condition number for a method-of-moments impedance matrix resulting from a junction of several wires is frequency dependant and can be minimized at a given frequency using several approaches. An empirical formula for an optimum, condition-number minimizing selection of the dependent variable for a multiplet on the junction is presented. The results indicate possibility to lower the condition number by an order of magnitude with virtually no computational overhead. The results may also be used to mesh the structure so as to minimize the condition number.

BP2.39       NEW MOM CODE INCORPORATING MULTIPLE DOMAIN BASIS FUNCTIONS

A. A. Lysko, CSIR, Pretoria, South Africa

A new method of moments (MoM) code is discussed. The code supports standard functionality, including fully automatic re-meshing and variables assignment, ground plane and symmetry planes. In addition, the code realizes several new features. These include significant acceleration of the impedance matrix filling-in for high accuracy calculations on structures with redundancies, and realization of the multiple domain basis functions with a support for various aggregating basis functions profiles, including piecewise linear and piecewise sinusoidal. New profiles may be easily defined. The current realization of the code has been tested on several references and showed excellent results.

BP2.40       ANALYSIS OF LINEARLY TAPERED SLOT ANTENNAS ON A DIELECTRIC SUBSTRATE

A. Keskin, A. Koksal, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey

A two level approach has been developed for the analysis of Linearly Tapered Slot Antennas (LTSA). The method is based on the exact geometry of the antenna including the finite dielectric substrate. Moment Method solution of Electric Field Integral Equations (EFIE) derived for the conductor and infinite dielectric parts has been carried out. In order to solve the EFIE for an infinite dielectric slab, an approximate spatial domain closed form Green's function is obtained. To include the effect of the finiteness of the structure, the dielectric region has been replaced with the equivalent volume polarization current density.

BP2.41       MODULAR PLANAR ANTENNA AT X-BAND FOR SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS

J. M. Inclan-Alonso, A. Garcia-Aguilar, L. Vigil-Herrero, J. M. Gonzalez-Fernandez, M. Sierra-Perez, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

An antenna which has been conceived as a portable system for satellite communications based on the recommendations ITU-R S.580-6 and ITU-R S.465-5 for small antennas is introduced. It is a planar and a compact structure with a size of 40x40x2 cm. The antenna is formed by an array of 256 printed elements covering a large bandwidth (14.7%) at X-Band. The specification includes transmission and reception bands simultaneously. The printed antenna has a radiation pattern with a 3dB beamwidth of 5, over a 31dBi gain, and a dual and an interchangeable circular polarization.

BP2.42       GPU-ACCELERATED POWER PATTERN SYNTHESIS OF APERIODIC LINEAR ARRAYS

A. Capozzoli, A. Breglia, C. Curcio, A. Liseno, Universitdi Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy

We deal with the development of a computationally effective approach for the power pattern phase-only synthesis of equivalently tapered linear arrays. The computational effectiveness of the algorithm is reached by the development of a parallel Non Uniform Fast Fourier Transform (NUFFT) routine running on a Graphics Processing Units (GPU). The numerical results point out the computational and synthesis performance of the technique. For an array of 3000 elements, the parallel approach has resulted to be about 10 times faster than the sequential one.

BP2.43       DIRECTIONAL ULTRA WIDEBAND ARRAY ANTENNA WITH BEAM-FORMING CAPABILITIES

A. A. Adam, S. K. Abdul Rahim, N. Seman, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

This paper presents a design of directional array antenna for ultra wideband (UWB) applications. The antenna is fed by a 50ohm microstrip line and printed on a dielectric FR4 substrate of permittivity (εr = 4.7) and height (h =1.6 mm). Optimization on the planar directional antenna has been performed to accomplish an ultra wide 10 dB return loss bandwidth. The design features a parabolic shaped ground plane to achieve high directivity and gain across the UWB frequency band. Moreover, an array of the proposed antenna is made and the beam-forming capability is verified.

BP2.44       DESIGN OF A LOW-PROFILE KU BAND PHASED ARRAY ANTENNA FOR MOBILE PLATFORMS

M. M. Bilgic, K. Yegin, Yeditepe Univ., Istanbul, Turkey;  T. Turkkan, M. Sengiz, Neta Electronic Equipment Ind. Corp., Istanbul, Turkey  

Ku band reception systems for mobile platforms demand stringent requirements for the electrical and mechanical characteristics of the antenna. We present a new phased array antenna design capable of mechanical scanning in azimuth and electronic scanning in elevation. Non-resonant slot coupled patch antenna with a parasitic element on top is designed for wideband operation, which covers entire Ku band allocated for TV reception, and high gain. . Its feed network is optimized for this particular scanning angle and wideband operation. Considering the limited dimensions of the antenna, it exhibits excellent performance in terms of match, gain, and isolation.

BP2.45       ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING FROM CONDUCTORS: THE RECURSIVE ITERATIVE SURFACE EQUIVALENCE APPROACH

S. A. Shakib, I. A. Eshrah, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt

A recursive iterative surface equivalence technique is proposed to solve electromagnetic scattering from arbitrary conducting bodies. The technique has advantages over existing methods based on integral equations, e.g. the method of moments (MoM), as well as methods based on finite differences, e.g. finite difference frequency domain. These advantages are particularly apparent for large scatterers, as the technique is inspired by the problem of scattering from an infinite conducting plane. Also, trivial changes to MoM codes are needed to implement the proposed technique. The generalization of the one-dimensional treatment is verified with canonical and arbitrary two-dimensional problems.

BP2.46       ROBUST SEMI-ANALYTICAL INTEGRATION OF SINGULAR IMPEDANCE MATRIX ELEMENTS IN SURFACE INTEGRAL EQUATION SOLVERS

A. G. Polimeridis1, J. M. Tamayo2, J. R. Mosig1;  1EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland; 2UPC, Barcelona, Spain

The direct evaluation method tailored to the 4-D singular integrals arising in the second-kind Fredholm surface integral equation formulations is presented. The proposed scheme extends the existing singularity cancellation methods, often used to tackle singular integrals, by utilizing a series of coordinate transformations combined with the re-ordering of the integrations. The overall algebraic manipulation results in a reduction of the dimensionality and the final 2-D kernels comprise sufficiently smooth behavior, allowing a straightforward treatment by standard quadrature rules. Numerical results demonstrate that one of the main error sources of the surface integral equations is undoubtedly cured.

BP2.47       NUMERICAL CALCULATION AND EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION OF RCS ANALYSIS FOR RADOME-ENCLOSED SCATTERER BY USING PMCHWT-FORMULATION

Y. Inasawa, M. Saito, I. Naito, Y. Konishi, Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, Kamakura-shi, Kanagawa, Japan

This paper investigates the accuracy of RCS analysis for radome-enclosed scatterer by using the PMCHWT-formulation. The analysis method based on a surface integral equation known as the PMCHWT-formulation is outlined shortly. We show that calculated scattering cross section patterns of a dielectric coated conducting sphere agree with exact solutions. Then a RCS pattern of an acrylic hemisphere covered conducting disk is compared with measurement result. Calculated RCS patterns of ellipsoidal radome-enclosed scatterer are also presented. We verify the method of moments using the PMCHWT-formulation is sufficiently accurate for RCS analysis of radome-enclosed scatterer.

BP2.48       FINITE ELEMENT MICROSTRIP ANTENNA SIMULATOR (FEMAS)

S. C. Basaran, Y. Albayrak, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey

In this study, a FEM-based microstrip antenna simulator, namely FEMAS, has been developed. The FEMAS allows analysis and design of three-dimensional microstrip antenna elements and outcomes the related antenna parameters such as input impedance, gain, and radiation pattern. In the paper, the FEM formulation is overviewed and the features of FEMAS are presented. Also, The return loss characteristics of a microstrip antenna achieved by means of FEMAS and Ansoft HFSS are presented.

BP2.49       ON THE CHANGE IN ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIAL ENERGY DUE TO THE INTRODUCTION OF AN ADDITIONAL CONDUCTOR

C. Sohl, Lund University, Lund, Sweden

This paper generalizes a result in the classical textbook by Stratton regarding the change in electrostatic potential energy due to the introduction of a conductor $S_0$ into a fixed system of $n$ conductors of arbitrary shape. The change in electrostatic potential energy is rewritten as a surface integral over $S_0$ which connects the unperturbed problem (the electrostatic setting before $S_0$ is introduced) and the perturbed problem (the electrostatic setting after $S_0$ is introduced). The surface integral is verified by means of variable separation of Laplace's equation in bi-spherical coordinates.

Poster: Photonics

Session Chairs: Franz Kaertner, Smail Tedjini

Session     DP3

Type          Poster Presentation

Schedule   Thursday, August 18, 16:00-19:00

Room        Poster Area

DP3.1         UNIFIED MODEL FOR ELECTRICAL AND OPTICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A TRANSISTOR LASER WITH INGAAS QUANTUM WELL AND DOT IN GAAS BASE

R. Basu, B. Mukhopadhyay, P. K. Basu, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

A unified model is developed for a Transistor Laser synthesizing the model for gain and threshold current of a strained quantum well laser considering 2D density-of-states, momentum matrix element, lineshape functions etc with the expressions for terminal currents in a heterobipolar transistor obtained by solving continuity equation. The calculated threshold base current for InGaAs QW embedded in GaAs base agrees with the experimental value. The light power is of the same order as the experimental value in view of coupling loss. The model extended for single layer of Quantum Dots yields an order of magnitude lower threshold current.

DP3.2         SIMULTANEOUS SLOW AND FAST LIGHT

B. Luo, H. Guo, Peking University, Beijing, China

Dispersion properties of an optical medium can be greatly changed using electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and other nonlinear effects. Thus, the group velocity of light pulse can be much smaller (greater or even negative) than light speed in vacuum, which is called slow (fast) light. Slow and fast light are very useful in optical processing, such as optical buffer, switching, and storage devices. Usually, slow and fast light cannot be generated simultaneously in the same medium. In this paper, we propose applicable level structures to generate controllable slow and fast light simultaneously at two frequencies, with the same polarization.

DP3.3         INVESTIGATION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF AN OPTICALLY GENERATED RF LOCAL OSCILLATOR SIGNAL IN KU BAND DVB-S SYSTEMS

M. R. H. Khan, D. A. I. Marpaung, M. Burla, C. G. H. Roeloffzen, E. H. Bernhardi, R. M. D. Ridder, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands

The purpose of our investigation is to replace the internal LO in the LNB of a standard DVB-S reception system and produce this signal externally by optical heterodyning of two lasers and distribute it optically. We also report the progress on the development of the distributed feedback (DFB) lasers to be used in the heterodyne process. In this paper the feasibility of such a novel system to provide LO signal for a Ku band PAA reception system is investigated. We analyze and experimentally demonstrate the requirement of the specifications of the optically-generated LO to comply the electronic LO.

DP3.4         NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF LIGHT SCATTERING BY COUPLED PLASMONIC NANOSPHERES USING A HIGH-ACCURACY MULTIDOMAIN LEGENDRE PSEUDOSPECTRAL TIME-DOMAIN METHOD

S.-Y. Chung1, C.-Y. Wnag1, C.-H. Teng2, C.-P. Chen1, H.-C. Chang1;  1National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; 2National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan

A high-numerical-accuracy multidomain Legendre pseudospectral time-domain (PSTD) method is utilized to study the three-dimensional problem of light scattering by coupled metallic nanospheres and associated plasmonic resonances. With the multidomain technique, the simulation environment is partitioned into curvilinear hexahedral subdomains that well match material interfaces, which is an essential treatment to assure numerical accuracy, particularly, in near-field calculations. Cross sections are accurately calculated for studying the effects of different sphere radii and spacings. Interactions between two silver spheres are investigated for different incident wave propagation directions and polarizations. Electric near fields at plasmon resonances are examined.

DP3.5         COMPACT AND MULTI-RESONANT PLASMONIC METAMATERIALS BASED ON NANO-APERTURES

M. Turkmen1,2,2, S. Aksu2,2, A. E. Cetin2,2, A. A. Yanik2,2, H. Altug2,2,2;  1Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey; 2Boston University, Boston, MA, United States

We investigate a nano-aperture based plasmonic metamaterial by integrating the U- and T-shaped nano-aperture antennas in a compact geometry. We experimentally and numerically demonstrate the physical origin of the multi-resonant behavior of the UT-shaped nano-aperture based metamaterials. We also determine the parameter dependence of the proposed nano-aperture antennas. Due to its compact geometry, multi-spectral response, and enhanced near field distributions, our design offers greater flexibility in applications of subwavelength lithography, wavelength-tunable filters, optical modulators, ultrafast switching devices, and biosensing.

DP3.6         NEAR-FIELD CONTROL OF OPTICAL BISTABILITY IN A NANOCAVITY.

D. Brissinger, B. Cluzel, A. Coillet, P. Grelu, F. A. De Fornel, CNRS Universite de Bourgogne, Dijon, France

We show here that the optical bistability of a nonlinear nanoresonator can be efficiently controlled by manipulating dynamically the resonance of the optical cavity with a near-field tip. We demonstrate experimentally that the operating regime of the nanocavity can be switched between the monostable and the bistable regimes. Finally, we propose an analytical model which provides a clear understanding of the whole nonlinear opto-mechanical system reported here.

DP3.7         ELECTRO-OPTICS AS A VERSATILE TECHNIQUE FOR NON-INVASIVE VECTORIAL SENSING OF ELECTRIC FIELDS

G. Gaborit, A. Warzecha, Y. Gaeremynck, P. Jarrige, IMEP-LAHC/University of Savoy, Le Bourget du Lac, France;  L. Duvillaret, KAPTEOS, Le Bourget du Lac, France  

We here present the most recent advances in electro-optics (EO) dedicated to non-invasive characterization of electric fields. We develop E-field sensors exploiting the Pockels effect. These pigtailed transducers are fully dielectric. While the sensitivity reaches 1 V.m−1.Hz−1/2, the bandwidth covers more than 8 decades of frequency. The spatial resolution is greater than 100 μm. A complete analysis of these sensors will be presented as well as some examples in different research areas: 2D mapping of guided waves, transient evolution of disruptive E-Field, SAR measurements in biologic media, . . .

DP3.8         COUPLING EVANESCENTLY LOW LOSS SILICON-ON-INSULATOR (SOI) RIDGE WAVEGUIDES(WGS) INCLUDING HIGH Q NANOCAVITIES: FOR LIGHT CONTROL

B. Cluzel1, K. Foubert1, L. Lalouat1, E. Picart2, D. Peyrade3, E. Hadji2, F. A. De Fornel1;  1CNRS Universite de Bourgogne, Dijon, France; 2CEA, GRENOBLE, France; 3LTM, GRENOBLE, France

We have fabricated a multislotted optical nanoresonator with several spatial field distributions which are all addressable by the wavelength. The reported structure consists in an array of evanescently coupled single mode photonic crystal nanocavities. By using a scanning near-field optical microscope, we quantify the morphology of the different optical mode volumes and show that they consist in grids of light confined at the subwavelength scale. Over the last recent years, optical microcavities have proven their ability to slow down, control and even trap light inside an ultra small volume.

DP3.9         ABOUT SOME ISSUES OF LASER FLUORESCENCE

N. K. Gomidze, K. A. Makharadze, Z. M. Shashikadze, I. N. Jabnidze, Rustaveli State University, Batumi, Georgia

Nowadays, the spectral optic methods for discovering and studying mineral oils in the water are widely applied to and their principle advantage towards other methods is their express-diagnostics and remote sounding. The difference is even between optic methods. One of them is the method of laser fluorescence. There are lots of organic compounds in the nature exposing special characteristics after optical excitation, they start radiating fluorescence. The fluorescence spectrums are created simultaneously and they represent the spectrums of signals created from both, oil and organic compounds.

DP3.10       SOURCE MONITOR IN QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION

X. Peng, H. Guo, School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing, China

The core value of a quantum-key-distribution (QKD) system is the unconditional security. In the standard security analysis, the characteristics of QKD source are assumed to be known and fixed. In a real QKD experiment, this assumption may be deviated. Especially, in commercial Plug&Play QKD system, the source is untrusted. Source monitor can close this security loophole. This paper analyzes passive source-monitor scheme, and shows that this scheme can be well implemented in practice.

Poster: Metamaterials and Microwave Techniques

Session Chairs: Franz Kaertner, Smail Tedjini

Session     DP4

Type          Poster Presentation

Schedule   Thursday, August 18, 16:00-19:00

Room        Poster Area

DP4.1         A DUAL-RESONANT METAMATERIALS COMPOSED OF ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELD-COUPLED RESONATORS

L. Chen, China ship development and design center, wuhan, China;  C. Zhu, Xidian University, Xi'an, China  

In this paper, electromagnetic-field-coupled resonators are introduced and investigated. The electric mode at lower frequency and magnetic mode at higher frequency, originated from coupling of the electric field and magnetic field, are validated through a measurement inparallel-plate waveguide system, parameter retrieval algorithm and surface currents distributions. The new resonators with distinct electric resonance as well as magnetic resonance could provide us a new way to design double negative material.

DP4.2         FREQUENCY AGILE METAMATERIAL-BASED DIRECTIVE CAVITY ANTENNAS

S. N. Burokur, LEME, Univ. Paris-Ouest, EA 4416, Ville d'Avray, France;  J.-P. Daniel, Advanten, Cesson-Sevigne, France;  P. Ratajczak, Orange Labs R&D, La Turbie, France;  A. de Lustrac, IEF, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, UMR 8622, Orsay, France  

This paper deals with the modeling and characterization of a broadband frequency agile metamaterial-based cavity antenna around 2 GHz. An electronically active metasurface is used as a Partially Reflecting Surface (PRS) and the cavity is excited by an array of four wideband L-strip fed printed microstrip patch antennas. A reconfigurable resonance frequency between 1.9 and 2.31 GHz is obtained and a directivity of 18 dBi is observed for a cavity thickness of lambda/10 at 2 GHz.

DP4.3         EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF AN ULTRA-DIRECTIVE EMISSION BASED ON TRANSFORMATION OPTICS CONCEPT

P.-H. Tichit1, S. N. Burokur2, D. Germain1, A. de Lustrac1;  1IEF, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, UMR 8622, Orsay, France; 2LEME, Univ. Paris-Ouest, EA 4416, Ville d'Avray, France

This paper deals with the modelling, practical implementation and characterization of an ultra-directive antenna around 10 GHz. The design of the antenna is based on transformation optics concept by transforming a radiating cylindrical space into a rectangular one. Metamaterials presenting electric and magnetic resonances are used to achieve the transformation. Field intensity mappings and direct far field measurements are performed to experimentally demonstrate the narrow beam profile.

DP4.4         TAPER OF METAMATERIALS DESIGNED BY OPTICAL TRANSFORMATION

R. Ghasemi, P. H. Tichit, A. Degiron, A. de Lustrac, A. Lupu, Institue Electronique Fondamental (IEF)-Univ. Paris-sud,CNRS, UMR 8622, Orsay, France

In this paper, we present a numerical study of a mode adapter that transitions light from a wide SOI waveguide to a narrower one. The device has been designed using the technique of transformation optics and consists of a thin sheet of anisotropic medium directly placed on top of the Si slab. We demonstrate that this sheet effectively controls the flow of energy propagating in the Si slab and that the structure can be potentially implemented by patterning a single layer of planar optical metamaterial on the SOI waveguide.

DP4.5         ANALYSIS OF CYLINDRICALLY CONFORMAL PATCH ANTENNAS ON ISOIMPEDANCE ANISOTROPIC SUBSTRATES

H. Odabasi, F. L. Teixeira, The Ohio State University, Columbus, United States

We study the performance of conformal patch antennas on isoimpedance anisotropic substrates for cylindrical surfaces. These substrates are specifically designed to increase the effective (electrical) height of the substrate without producing surface waves. It is shown that antennas placed on top of such substrates can maintain their characteristics while reducing the overall antenna profile whereas traditional dielectric substrates suffer from intensified surface wave excitation. Moreover the isoimpedance feature of such substrates can also be used to reduce the mutual coupling between array elements. A comparative study for different dielectric constants is also performed.

DP4.6         MINIATURIZATION OF U-SHAPED MULTI-BAND METAMATERIAL STRUCTURES

O. Turkmen1,2, E. Ekmekci1,3, G. T. Sayan1;  1Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey; 2Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey; 3Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey

In this study, transmission characteristics of single-sided and double-sided (in broadside-coupled configuration) U-shaped multiple ring resonators (UMRR) are investigated on a comparative basis for the purpose of miniaturization. Transmission spectra of both single and double sided UMRR topologies are computed by CST Microwave Studio for the special cases of unit cells with single ring and double concentric rings. Although all these unit cells have exactly the same physical size, simulation results have revealed that broadside-coupled UMRR topologies provide much smaller resonance frequencies (hence considerably smaller electrical sizes) as compared to their single-sided counterparts.

DP4.7         ABSORPTIVE FREQUENCY SELECTIVE RADOME

F. Costa, A. Monorchio, Universit di Pisa, Pisa, Italy

A frequency selective radome is presented, acting as a pass band filter at a given frequency band, while behaving as an absorber out of the operating band. The reflection band of the FSS filter is used as the ground plane of a outer wideband absorber based on resistive high-impedance surfaces. The absorber, which reduces the signature of the antenna system illuminated by out of band signals, comprises a resistive FSS designed to minimize losses within the transmitting band of the radome. The composite structure is thoroughly analyzed by an efficient equivalent circuit approach and by full-wave numerical simulations.

DP4.9         OPTICALLY TRANSPARENT GROUND PLANES WITH HIGH ORDER RESPONSE USING MINIATURIZED ELEMENT FREQUENCY SELECTIVE SURFACES

K. Sarabandi, M. Kashanifar, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States

In this paper design of a multi-pole wide band optically transparent ground plane is considered. Challenges of the design by stacking multiple layers of single pole miniaturized element frequency selective surfaces are explained. An alternate arrangement of the layers and spacing between the layers is proposed. A three-pole transparent ground plane is designed band fabricated based on the proposed technique. The performance of the designed ground plane using analytical and computational methods is evaluated experimentally and excellent agreement is demonstrated.

DP4.10       FABRICATION OF DOUBLE MESA STRUCTURES BY E-BEAM LITHOGRAPHY ON HIGH TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTOR BI2SR2CACU2O8+δ (BI2212) FOR POWERFUL TERAHERTZ EMISSION

Y. Demirhan1, F. Turkoglu1, H. Koseoglu1, H. Saglam1, M. Minematsu2, H. Araki2, N. Miyakawa2, L. Ozyuzer1;  1Izmýr Instýtute of Technology, Ýzmir, Turkey; 2Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan

We fabricate a frequency tunable solid state device to meet the needs of continuous coherent powerful terahertz emission sources that fills practically important THz gap. High temperature superconducting coherently oscillating Josephson junctions in Bi2212 crystal makes this approach very promising. We annealed the Bi2212 single crystals in vacuum or purified argon gas flow at 425 oC to study doping dependence of THz emission. For further processing, we pattern both single and double rectangular mesa structures by using electron beam lithography and argon ion milling on the cleaved surface of the crystal. Resistance versus temperature, and currentvoltage behavior measurements achieved.

DP4.11       CHARACTERIZATION OF AUTOEMISSION REFLECTION FOR PRECISE RADIOMETER CALIBRATION

A. J. Gasiewski, D. Kraft, V. Leuski, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States

Calibration of spaceborne microwave radiometers to precisions required for assessing climate trends requires biases less than 0.05 K to be identified. The use of warm pyramidal blackbody targets closely coupled to the radiometer antenna to establish thermal reference points has become standard for this purpose, although the effects of small standing waves generated by the radiometer itself can be considerable. We show these effects using a 55-GHz radiometer and precision scanned pyramidal target, along with coherent processing of the detected power. The study illustrates the importance of the radiometer front-end architecture in minimizing standing wave biases.

DP4.12       RESULTS FROM DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS FOR MITIGATING THE IMPACT OF TROPICAL RAIN ATTENUATION ON MILLIMETER-WAVE BROADBAND WIRELESS ACCESS

G. Hendrantoro, S. Suwadi, E. Endroyono, A. Mauludiyanto, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia

This paper provides a report on a continuing research project on the development of rain attenuation mitigation techniques for millimeter-wave wireless access to be implemented in tropical regions characterized by heavy rain events. The study is divided into three facets, namely, modeling of rain attenuation, designing of adaptive mitigation schemes, and cross-layer optimization of millimeter-wave broadband access network. The reported results are those obtained since 2009 comprising progresses in the three facets.

DP4.13       PRINTING A NOVEL COMPACT TRIPLE-BAND MONOPOLE ANTENNA ON CERAMIC SUBSTRATE

C.-G. Kuo1, Y.-J. Liao2, C.-C. Wu3, C.-F. Yang2, T.-H. Meen4, C.-J. Huang2, M.-C. Wu5;  1National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan; 2National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; 3Kao Yuan University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; 4National Formosa University, Yunlin, Taiwan; 5National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan

A novel miniaturized monopole antenna was designed on the 0.4mm- thickness Al2O3 ceramic substrate and a printed method that generated minimal environmental pollution was used to get the designed pattern. For the proposed triple-band antenna, the compact W-shaped electrode with different length in three arms was used as radiation pattern. Owing to the higher dielectric constant of Al2O3, the size of the triple-band antenna was minimized to 30 mm x20 mm. The novel triple-band monopole antenna was proposed to operate at 2.4 (WLAN), 3.5 GHz (WiMAX), and 5.2 GHz (WLAN).

EP2 – Poster Session 2

Session Chairs: Christos Christopoulos, Alexander van Deursen

Session     EP2

Type          Poster Presentation

Schedule   Thursday, August 18, 16:00-19:00

Room        Poster Area

EP2.1         WAVEFORM DIVERSITY AND COMPATIBILITY

G. T. Capraro, I. Bradaric, Capraro Technologies, Inc., Utica, NY, United States;  M. C. Wicks, US Air Force Research Laboratory, Rome, NY, United States  

Waveform diversity in multistatic radar systems can enhance distributed radar system performance. Dynamically changing the electromagnetic emanations of radar and communications systems however poses an electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) challenge. Data are provided illustrating how waveform diversity improves multistatic radar system performance. An approach for maintaining EMC in a dynamically changing environment is also provided.

EP2.2         EVALUATION OF UNCERTAINTY IN ELECTROMAGNETIC DISTURBANCE MEASUREMENT IN THE 1 - 18 GHZ RANGE

T. Tosaka, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Tokyo, Japan

The dispersion of the measurement of electromagnetic disturbance above 1 GHz is mainly affected by site imperfections (expressed by SVSWR). To evaluate the uncertainty in electromagnetic disturbance measurements at 1 - 18 GHz, we measured SVSWR and the field strength at 9 measurement site. From our result, the measured field strength at each measurement site was observed in the range of 2 sigma that derived from measured SVSWR, and we confirmed the relationship between SVSWR and the measured field strength. Using the relationship, we can determine the measurement uncertainty of measured field strength at test site.

EP2.3         CONSISTENT ANALYSIS AND RIGOROUS CHARACTERIZATION OF INFINITE GRAPHENE LAYERS VIA A SUBCELL FREQUENCY-DEPENDENT FDTD TECHNIQUE

G. D. Bouzianas, N. V. Kantartzis, T. D. Tsiboukis, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

A finite-difference time-domain methodology combined with a robust subcell formulation for the precise analysis of infinite graphene sheets is introduced. The graphene surface conductivity is modeled through a volume conductivity profile, with the pertinent periodic boundary conditions applied to the unit cells lateral surfaces. Moreover, a set of linearly-polarized normally-incident wideband pulses excites the computational domain, while the graphenes dispersive nature is described by an auxiliary differential equation concept. The novel algorithm is validated via several configurations and a demanding optical visibility problem, whose numerical results, compared to closed-form expressions, are very satisfactory.

EP2.4         CHARACTERISTICS OF NIGHTTIME WEST-TO-EAST VLF WAVES PROPAGATION USING THE SOUTH AMERICA VLF NETWORK (SAVNET)

J.-P. Raulin, J. Samanes, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, So Paulo, SP, Brazil

We present the monitoring of ~ 4 years of daily VLF amplitude curves using two parallel propagation paths from the South America VLF Network (SAVNET). The time of occurrence (Terminator Times) of deep amplitude minima were measured. We discuss typical properties of West-to-East VLF subionospheric propagation like the seasonal effect on the temporal evolution of Terminator Times, the fact that they are simultaneously detected on parallel propagation paths, and the derivation of the undisturbed nighttime ionospheric height. The method known as the terminator time method is also a promising way of looking for possible seismic-electromagnetic effects.

EP2.5         PRACTICAL USE THE SATELLITE LOW FREQUENCY WAVE EXPERIMENT RESULTS

V. I. Larkina, IZMIRAN, Troitsk of Moscow region, Russian Federation

Results of the registration of low-frequency emissions intensity, speed of the account quasytrapped and precipitation electrons with energy Ee≥40 keV and density and temperature of ionosphere plasma on the satellite altitude are discussed. By results of researches the complex picture of development of geomagnetic disturbances and storms in low-frequency emissions has been constructed. The complex picture of change of low frequency emissions and other ionosphere plasma parameters has been constructed by preparation and development of processes of seismic activity and earthquakes. Variations of parameters of low frequency emissions reflect environmental contamination processes.

EP2.6         STUDY OF HUMAN BODY TRANSMISSION CHARACTERISTIC AS NONUNIFORM MEDIUM

D. Shi, Beijng University of posts & telecommunications, Beijing, China

Human body transmission characteristic is investigated as nonuniform medium. The body is divided into multilayer and modeled with nonuniform transmission line. The analytical result is obtained with this simple and novel method. Numerical simulation is applied to validate this analytical method. The difference between them is within 0.01V/m

EP2.7         EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF THE SENSITIVITY TO INTERFERENCES IN GEOGRAPHICAL UNLICENSED WIRELESS NETWORKS

D. Brunazzi, R. Stefanelli, D. Trinchero, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy

Local and Metropolitan Wireless Networks are often implemented to provide basic connectivity services, especially in areas without a wired infrastructure. Unlicensed wireless networks have low realization cost, but several limitations caused by regulatory, power restrictions and presence of interferences. The paper analyses the possibility to increase the insensitivity to interferences by introducing new constraints on the antenna pattern and adopting transmission diversity techniques. To this purpose, a network has been realized, providing coverage to a rural area in Piedmont, Italy: network performance has been monitored and characterized, in terms of coverage capabilities, signal quality, data delivery throughput, and noise immunity.

EP2.8         PERFORMANCES OF MAGNETIC FIELD SHIELDING MATERIALS FOR ROADBED RECHARGING VEHICLE BY 20 KHZ MAGNETIC FIELD COUPLING

Y.-M. Gimm, Y. R. Lee, D. Y. Lee, Y. J. Ju, Dankook University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea;  Y. B. Chun, D. H. Cho, KAIST, Daejeon,Chungcheongnam-do, South Korea  

Roadbed recharging is wireless energy transmission to the batteries in the vehicles by 20 kHz magnetic field induction. Although it needs very strong magnetic field from the embedded power lines along the road for recharging, it is necessary to shield the emanating magnetic field in the booth of the transportation system. The proper material for shielding the 20 kHz magnetic field in the vehicle booth is investigated by numerical analyses and by experimental measurements.

EP2.9         ELECTROMAGNETIC COUPLING TO CURVED THICK WIRES

J. B. Nitsch, S. V. Tkachenko, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany

The full-wave transmission line theory of the authors for thick, straight, and cylindrical wires is extended to those which are curved. It is assumed that the center line of the cylinder is located in the y-z plane. Therefore in the geometrical description of this thick wire only curvature of the center line will occur. Torsion is absent. Analytical solutions for special plane wave and ring source excitations are discussed. Keywords: Transmission line, high frequencies, thick curved wires.

EP2.10       SAMPLING DISTRIBUTIONS FOR UNDERMODED MODE-STIRRED REVERBERATION CHAMBERS

L. R. Arnaut, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom;  G. Gradoni, University of Maryland, College Park, United States  

We derive the sampling probability density function (pdf) of a nonlocal random electromagnetic field, field amplitude and intensity in an undermoded chamber, i.e., in a statistically inhomogeneous time-varying environment generated by a combined spatio-temporal stochastic process. The inhomogeneous field is represented as a subset (sample) of a homogeneous field (ensemble). The sample statistics of the inhomogeneous field are governed by the number of spatial degrees of freedom, in addition to the number of temporal (stir) degrees of freedom.

FP2 – Poster Session 2 – Focus: Propagation

Session Chairs: Piotr Sobieski, Emanoel Costa

Session     FP2

Type          Poster Presentation

Schedule   Thursday, August 18, 16:00-19:00

Room        Poster Area

FP2.1         SINGLE AND JOINT STATISTICS OF DUCTING LAYER PARAMETERS DETERMINED FROM VERTICAL PROFILES OF ATMOSPHERIC REFRACTIVITY

M. Grabner, V. Kvicera, Czech Metrology Institute, Prague, Czech Republic;  P. Pechac, O. Jicha, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic  

Vertical profiles of atmospheric refractivity measured on 150 m mast are fitted with a modified Webster duct model. Time series of duct model parameters are obtained with one minute resolution. Empirical single and joint statistics of duct model parameters are determined from 7 month data. Interrelations between the duct parameters are discussed.

FP2.2         MICROWAVE ATTENUATION SPECTRA OF FOREST CROWNS

A. Chukhlantsev, A. Shutko, Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics RAS, Friazino Moscow Region, Russian Federation

Super wide band waveguide transition system has been designed for measuring microwave attenuation by trees fragments in the frequency range 0.8 8.5 GHz. Field active measurements has been conducted that has provided data on attenuation by single trees in the frequency range 0.472.1 GHz. The data obtained has been compared with several data sets on attenuation properties of forests reported earlier. A simple formula has been proposed for microwave intensity extinction rate. The model coefficients have been found from regression analysis of experimental data.

FP2.3         ASSESSMENT OF EVAPORATION DUCT PROPAGATION SIMULATION

I. Levadnyi, V. Ivanov, V. Shalyapin, Institute of Radiophysics and Electronics NAS of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine

Evaporation duct strongly influence microwave radars and communication systems. For evaluation of their performance combination of split-step parabolic equation and Monin-Obukhov similarity theory are usual approach. There are several models for evaporation duct refractivity estimation based on Monin-Obukhov similarity theory. Five of them were analysed in this paper. The best result was showed by European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast model and for other models "effective" evaporation duct heights was lower then obtained from bulk measurements. It means that combination of these models and split-step parabolic equation method leads to overestimation of propagation factor values.

FP2.4         INTER-COMPARISON OF WET TRPOSPHERIC CORRECTIONS APPLIED IN COASTAL ALTIMETRY

M. Antonita, R. Sharma, Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad,Gujrat, India

The range measurements from the altimeter are associated with a large number of geophysical corrections which needs special attention near coasts and the shallow water regions. The corrections due to ionosphere, dry and wet troposphere are of primary importance in altimetry. Water vapor dominates the wet tropospheric corrections which is more complex with higher spatio-temporal variations thus needs a careful attention near coasts. In the present study the corrections due to water vapor estimated from radiosonde measurements near the coastal regions are compared with the model estimated corrections applied in the altimeter range measurements.

FP2.5         THE CHANGE OF RECTANGULAR, SINUSOIDAL AND BI-EXPONENTIAL IMPULSE OUTSKIRTS DURING PROPAGATING IN DISPERSIVE PLASMA

N. K. Gomidze, M. R. Khajishvili, I. N. Jabnidze, Z. J. Surmanidze, Rustaveli State University, Batumi, Georgia

While propagating waves in the dispersive plasma , the absorption of the energy of electromagnetic waves significantly influences on the statistical characteristics of the scattered radiation. The absorption may cause the deformation of the power of radiation spectrum while discussing the asymmetric problem. In the point of view of the practical usage, it is interesting to discuss the cases when the source and receiver antennas are located on the different sides of chaotically inhomogeneous absorptive layers. The statistical modeling will be fulfilled for different coefficient of the absorption.

 

GP2 – Poster Session 2

Session Chairs: John Mathews , Frederic Pitout

Session     GP2

Type          Poster Presentation

Schedule   Thursday, August 18, 16:00-19:00

Room        Poster Area

GP2.1        COMPARISON OF VARIOUS METHODS TO CONTROL CONDITIONS OF RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION IN THE IONOSPHERE

O. A. Maltseva, N. S. Mozhaeva, G. A. Zhbankov, Institute of Physics Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation

Conditions of radio wave propagation in the ionosphere can be described and controlled in various ways: 1) a model of the ionosphere, 2) critical frequencies from the vertical sounding data, 3) critical frequencies obtained using the values of the total electron content TEC, 4) maximum observed frequencies for a particular path, 5) values of plasma concentration, measured by satellite. Comparison of these data on real path using the IRI model, global TEC maps, CHAMP PLP experimental data shows that the conditions for the propagation of radio waves in the ionosphere can be controlled by an equivalent thickness of the ionosphere.

GP2.2        CALCULATION OF MIDLATITUDE SPORADIC E GROUP DELAY AS FUNCTION OF FREQUENCY

A. D. Akchurin, V. V. Bochkarev, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Tatarstan, Russian Federation

The deep quasiperiodic variations in the part of frequency dependence of amplitude of reflections from layer Es observed by Kazan ionosonde was discovered. The analysis of height location of traces in an ionogram has shown that beatings arise because of interference between o- and x-modes. For an explanation of such interaction details a modeling is performed on the basis of calculations of coefficient of reflection from Es a layer for conditions of Kazan. The W.K.B solution has shown similarity of frequency dependences of a group delay from the cosine electron density profile and from real ionogram.

GP2.3        FEATURES OF REFLECTION AT LIMITING RANGE OF ONE-HOP RADIO-WAVES PROPAGATION FROM ES LAYER

O. N. Sherstyukov, R. R. Latypov, R. O. Sherstyukov, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Tatarstan, Russian Federation

Sporadic E layer has essential influences on propagation of radio waves in decametric range, both expanding range of working frequencies, and shielding reflection of radio waves from overlying ionosphere. In report considered reflection of radio waves from Es layer on a line Cyprus-Kazan in the extent of 2600 km, at range of propagation limiting one-hop reflection for heights of arrangement of layer. Researches were spent by method of LFM sounding. The explanation of received results on expansion of usable range made on the basis of modeling reflections from spatial gradients of density of electronic concentration in Es layer.

GP2.4        ANALYSIS OCCURENCE OF IONOSPHERIC SCINTILLATION OVER EQUATORIAL AND LOW LATITUDE GEOMAGNETIC OVER INDONESIA

S. Ekawati, Space Science Apllication Center, LAPAN, Bandung, Indonesia

Strong scintillations over Pontianak (0.2oN 109.20oE, geomagnetic latitude is 6.09oN), and over Bandung (6.5oS 107.3oE, geomagnetic latitude is 16.5oS) was compared to find out the spatial distribution of ionospheric scintillation. Data was obtained from GISTM GSV4004B. Result showed the percentage occurrence of scintillation over Pontianak was higher than Bandung, but on March and on September, the occurrence of scintillation over Bandung higher than in Pontianak. Furthermore, the scintillation occurrence in March-April is higher than in September-October. Other result showed there was anomaly at August 16, 2010 related to solar activity.

GP2.5        IMPACT OF THE AURORAL IONOSPHERE ON HF RADIO PROPAGATION

D. V. Blagoveshchensky, M. A. Sergeeva, Saint-Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation

The special features of passing of the radio signals on high-latitude HF paths located inside the auroral zone by the data of complex experiments are considered. These peculiarities are stipulated by the following geophysical factors: the main ionospheric trough, the poleward edge of the trough, sporadic formations in the ionospheric E- and F-regions, auroral absorption, strength of geomagnetic activity. Studying the character of radio wave propagation is fulfilled for the worst conditions from the viewpoint of the reliability (probability) of the HF communication.

GP2.6        FREQUENCY DEPENDENCES OF REFLECTION COEFFICIENT FROM ES LAYER AT OBLIQUE INCIDENCE

O. N. Sherstyukov, A. D. Akchurin, R. O. Sherstyukov, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Tatarstan, Russian Federation

For radio communication practice it is expedient to establish interrelation of level of the signal reflected radio waves from the Es layer at oblique incidence, with values of frequency parameters defined at vertical sounding (VS) in the center of a path. There are analytical dependences of reflection coefficient from value of limiting frequency foEs and foE, registered in radio path center. Here we investigate the behavior of experimental values of Es oblique sounding on 660 km radio path Moscow-Kazan at operating frequencies 5, 10, 15 and 20 MHz.

GP2.7        VHF VOICE AND DATA COMMUNICATIONS VIA EQUATORIAL ELECTROJET SCATTERING: CHANNEL CHARACTERIZATION AND APPLICATION OF A FREQUENCY DIVERSITY TECHNIQUE USING SOFTWARE-DEFINED RADIO TECHNOLOGY

N. P. Yoza, M. A. Milla, J. L. Chau, R. F. Alonso, Jicamarca Radio Observatory, Lima, Peru

The Equatorial Electrojet (EEJ) is an ionospheric horizontal electron current flowing along the magnetic Ecuador that can be used as a scattering media to establish VHF radio communication links. The aim of this work is to characterize the EEJ as a communication channel and to improve the quality of voice and data communications using the frequency diversity technique. To perform these studies, we have developed an EEJ communications simulator, whose results have been verified experimentally in an EEJ radio link. In order to improve these results, a new radio communication system based on Software-Defined Radio technology is being developed.

GP2.8        MODELING VLF PROPAGATION IN THE EARTH-IONOSPHERE WAVEGUIDE USING THE DISCONTINUOUS GALERKIN METHOD

F. Foust, T. Bell, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States;  U. Inan, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey  

Modeling of scattering of very low frequency (VLF, 3-30 kHz) waves from ionospheric disturbances remains a significant computational challenge due to the strong inhomogeneity and anisotropy naturally present at these frequencies. The discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method on unstructured grids can lead to to very efficient formulations in strongly inhomogeneous materials. We discuss a generic method to incorporate any linear, frequency-dependent permittivity or permeability in the nodal DG framework (including PMLs, ferrites, and cold plasmas) and apply the resulting scheme to modeling the VLF scattered field from a density perturbation in the lower ionosphere.

GP2.9        PROPAGATION CHARACTERISTICS OF VLF SIGNAL AND LIGHTNING SFERICS WITHIN EQUATORIAL EARTH-IONOSPHERE WAVEGUIDE DURING TWO SOLAR ECLIPSES

A. Guha, B. K. De, R. Roy, A. Choudhury, Tripura University, Tripura, India

The results of two solar eclipses, one on 22nd July, 2009 and another on 15th January, 2010, on VLF propagation is presented. An average 80% drop in electron density is found at a height of 71 km at the equatorial lower ionosphere. Also the intensity of sferics from lightning at different frequencies is found to increase during both the eclipses. The spectral variations of sferics increment in both the eclipses are almost identical having a correlation coefficient of 0.88. The results are explained on the basis of decrease in electron density at the lower ionosphere.

GP2.10      A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF VLF SIGNALS FROM SEVERAL TRANSMITTERS AROUND THE WORLD AS OBSERVED FROM MAITRI STATION, ANTARCTICA

S. Sasmal, Indian Centre for Space Physics, Kolkata, West-Bengal, India;  S. K. Chakrabarti, S. Pal, T. Basak, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Kolkata, West-Bengal, India  

To examine the behavior of sunrise and sunset terminators, solar activities in the polar region and seismo-ionospheric correlations, one Stanford AWESOME VLF receiving system was installed at the Indian permanent Antarctic station Maitri. Data was recorded successfully from several transmitters. The narrowband signals show variation of solar radiations and signatures of the prolonged day and night. We compare the signal of frequency 18.2 kHz with same received signal at Kolkata and present the results of sunrise and sunset terminators. We compare diurnal signal amplitude with the LWPC model. We present the broadband signal contains the signature of sferics.

GP2.11      DURATION OF WAVE DISTURBANCES GENERATED BY SOLAR TERMINATOR IN MAGNETO-CONJUGATE AREAS

I. K. Edemskiy, Y. V. Yasyukevich, Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics SB RAS, Irkutsk, Russian Federation

We consider a possible explanation of long duration of travelling wave packets (TWPs) generated by solar terminator (ST). We suggest a hypothesis about consecutive detecting of MHD-nature disturbances, generated by ST in magneto-conjugate area first and in observation area next. Registration beginning time depends on latitude. In summer in Japan TWP registration starts with ST arriving in magneto-conjugate region about 2-3 hours depending on latitude before ST arrives to the observation point. Dynamic spectra show clearly additive character of registered disturbances. ST appearance over the registration point accompanies amplitude increment on TWP frequencies in spectrum.

GP2.12      VLF STUDY OF IONOSPHERIC PROPERTIES DURING SOLAR FLARES OF VARIED INTENSITY FOR A FIXED PROPAGATION PATH

T. Basak1, S. Pal1, S. K. Chakrabarti1,2;  1S N Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Kolkata, Westbengal, India; 2Indian Centre for Space Physics, Kolkata, Westbengal, India

Deviations of sub-ionospheric VLF signal amplitude due to solar flares of several energy classes have been computed for the VLF signal propagating along the VTX-Kolkata baseline. Using Long Wave Propagation Capability Code (LWPC), the variation of the effective height h′ and steepness β parameters have been computed for X, M and C classes of solar flares. We compute the temporal variation of the electron number density.

GP2.13      VLF OBSERVATIONAL RESULTS OF TOTAL ECLIPSE OF 22ND JULY, 2009 BY ICSP TEAM

S. K. Chakrabarti1,2, S. Pal1, S. Sasmal2, S. K. Mondal2, S. Ray2, T. Basak1, S. Maji2;  1S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India; 2Indian Centre for Space Physics, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

Solar eclipses provide us with exciting opportunity to study the VLF propagation effects under a controlled experiment in a cosmic scale. During the total eclipse of July 22nd, 2009, we conducted a campaign to obtain the data from more than a dozen places. We observe that in several places the signal amplitude is amplified, while in other places the amplitude is reduced. In yet other places, there are ups and downs in the signal during the obscuration period. In this paper, we present the results of our campaign during the total solar eclipse.

GP2.14      VLF OBSERVATION OF A SOLAR FLARE BY LUNAR OCCULTATION DURING ANNULAR SOLAR ECLIPSE OF JANUARY 15TH, 2010

S. Maji1, S. Chakrabarti1, S. K. Chakrabarti2,1, S. K. Mondal1;  1Indian Centre for Space Physics, Kolkata, West Bengal, India; 2S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

We report the results of monitoring the NWC transmitter from Khukurdaha (~ 80 km away from Kolkata) during the partial solar eclipse of 15th January, 2010. The receiving station and the transmitter were on two opposite sides of the annular eclipse belt. We got clear depression in data during the period of partial eclipse. However, most extraordinarily, there was a solar flare on that day during the time when eclipse was near maximum. We saw the occultation of this flare by the moons limb. To our knowledge this is the first such incident where solar flare was observed through lunar occultation.

GP2.15      RESULTS OF VLF CAMPAIGNS IN SUMMER AND WINTER IN INDIAN SUBCONTINENT

S. K. Chakrabarti1,2, S. Pal1, S. Sasmal2, S. K. Mondal2, S. Ray2, T. Basak1;  1S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India; 2Indian Centre for Space Physics, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

VLF propagation effects can be understood using the earth-ionosphere waveguide. However due to emergence of the new fields such as VLF Astronomy where the ionosphere is treated as a giant detector for extraterrestrial energetic phenomena and the seismo-electromagnetism where the disturbances of this giant detector is influenced by terrestrial events, especially earthquakes and other seismic activities. In order to interpret observed data correctly, we need to have the basic propagation characteristics throughout India. In this paper, we concentrate on the results of the VLF campaigns we conducted using over a dozen receiving stations in Summer and in Winter.

GP2.16      MODELING VLF SIGNAL AMPLITUDES OVER INDIAN SUB-CONTINENT DURING THE TOTAL SOLAR ECLIPSE

S. Pal1, T. Basak1, S. K. Chakrabarti1,2;  1S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India; 2Indian Centre for Space Physics, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

We present the simulation results incorporating the effect of solar eclipse (22nd July, 2009) on VLF signals for West-East propagation path with respect to Indian Navy transmitter (VTX) assuming a Gaussian variation of the ionospheric reflection height as a function of propagation distance along the transmitter-receiver great circle path. We use both the wave-hop and the Long Wave Propagation Capability (LWPC) codes. Using wave-hop theory we found that a reasonable matching between the observed and simulated results are achieved.

GP2.17      COMPUTATION OF THE EFFECTS OF SOLAR PHENOMENA ON GLOBAL IONOSPHERIC WEATHER USING WAVE GUIDE MODE THEORY OF VLF PROPAGATION

T. Basak1, S. K. Chakrabarti1,2, S. Pal1;  1S N Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Kolkata, Westbengal, India; 2Indian Centre for Space Physics, Kolkata, Westbengal, India

The sub-ionospheric VLF signal strength varies significantly with place and time. The solar eclipse and regular solar terminator motion effects on the Global Ionospheric Weather (GIW) and hence the VLF propagation. It has been simulated considering wave guide mode theory of VLF radio signal propagation along various transmitter to receiver great circular paths. Using Long Wave Propagation Capability code, the mode theoretical results are obtained. To estimate the ionospheric weather changes by VLF technique during a total solar eclipse, a three dimensional model of disk obscuration & its ionospheric consequences has been constructed.

GP2.18      VERY LOW FREQUENCY DETECTION OF IONOSPHERIC DISTURBANCES DUE TO GRB 090424

S. K. Mondal, Indian Centre for Space Physics, Kolkata, West Bengal, India;  S. K. Chakrabarti, S N Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India  

We report the detection of a Gamma Ray Burst GRB 090424 through the Very Low Frequency (VLF) signal at three receiving stations. VLF data recorded corresponding to 18.2 kHz at Salt Lake, ICSP and Malda situated on somewhat different propagation paths. Double peaks are seen in Very Low Frequency signals. However, because of slower response of the ionosphere the initial strong peaks were not resolved. All the three VLF receivers got almost the same nature. We verified that there were no other disturbances (e.g. from solar flares) during this period of observation.

GP2.19      IONOSPHERIC ANOMALIES POSSIBLY ASSOCIATED WITH M ≥ 6 EARTHQUAKES IN JAPAN DURING 1998-2011: CASE STUDIES AND STATISTICAL STUDY

K. Hattori, S. Kon, M. Nishihashi, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan

In this paper, we investigate earthquake-relayed ionospheric anomalies in time series and perform case studies and a cstatistical test by using total electron content (TEC) derived from global ionosphere maps (GIM). The normalized GIM-TEC (GIMTEC*), which is computed based on 15 days backward running mean of GIM-TEC, have been investigated. The results show positive TEC anomalies appear 1-5 days before all the above earthquakes in case studies. The statistical result over 1998-2010 indicates the significance of the ositive TEC anomalies 1−5 days before earthquakes within 1000 km from the epicenter around Japan.

GP2.20      PC3 PULSATIONS DURING PERIODS OF LOW SOLAR WIND DENSITY

S. I. Lotz1,2, L.-A. McKinnell1,2, P. R. Sutcliffe1;  1Hermanus Magnetic Observartory, Hermanus, Western Cape, South Africa; 2Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Eastern Cape, South Africa

We study the generation of Pc3 pulsations during intervals of low solar wind (SW) density. The main driver of Pc3's is ULF waves generated upstream of the bow shock by a plasma instability set up due to the reflection of ion beams from the bow shock. An investigation into the dependence of Pc3's on SW density is made; it is found to only influence Pc3 generation during low density periods. We derive the growth rate of the instability responsible for upstream waves, and show that damping occurs for low density, inhibiting generation of UW's and Pc3's.

GP2.21      A STATISTICAL STUDY OF GEOMAGNETIC FIELD LINE RESONANCE PROPERTIES

D. C. Ndiitwani1,2, P. R. Sutcliffe1,2;  1Hermanus Magnetic Observatory, Western Cape, South Africa; 2University of Kwazulu Natal, Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa

The propagation of ultra low frequency (ULF) waves from the magnetosphere to the ground where they are usually detected is greatly affected by the ionosphere. The ionosphere presents a conducting interface between the magnetosphere and atmosphere. In this work the CHAMP satellite and Hermanus (HER) ground station magnetic field measurements data is used to test magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) theoretical predictions. This paper aims to illustrate the effect of the ionospheric currents on the propagation ULF waves in the Earths magnetosphere. This is attempted by studying field line resonance (FLR) events observed at Hermanus and by CHAMP satellite on crossing HER latitude.

GP2.22      COMPUTATION OF AMPLITUDE AND PHASE OF VLF RADIO WAVES: RESULTS FROM COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN WAVE-HOP AND WAVEGUIDE MODE THEORY

S. Pal1, S. K. Chakrabarti1,2;  1S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India; 2Indian Centre for Space Physics, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

We present a comparative study of the wave-hop theory and waveguide mode theory (namely, Long Wave- length Propagation Capability (LWPC)) for computing the amplitude and phase of VLF signals in the context of Indian sub-continent. We use the Indian Navy VTX station transmitting at 18.2 kHz as an exam- ple of the source and compute the propagation characteristics. We further compared the azimuthal variation (0-3600 ) of attenuation rate and phase velocity of VTX-signal at day and night using LWPC (Version 2.0) code and modified LWPC code which includes International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) model.

GP2.23      QUASI PERIODIC ECHOES INDUCED BY A PARTIAL SOLAR ECLIPSE

S. V. Thampi, Space Physics Laboratory, VSSC, Trivandrum, India;  M. Yamamoto, H. Liu, RISH, Kyoto Univ, Kyoto, Japan;  S. Saito, Electronic Navigation Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan;  Y. Otsuka, Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan;  A. K. Patra, NARL, Gadanki, Tirupathi, India  

The observations of mid-latitude quasi-periodic (QP) echoes during the partial solar eclipse on 22 July, 2009, using the MU radar at Shigaraki (34.85N, 136.1E) are presented. The rapid reduction in the E-region density, caused by the eclipse exposes long-lived metallic ions within Sporadic E-layers making it conducive for gradient drift instability. These echoes resemble the normal post-sunset QP echoes observed over mid-latitudes. The observations confirm that midlatitude Es plasma process is mainly controlled by density gradients. reveals a hitherto unobserved aspect of mid-latitude ionospheric responses to eclipses.

GP2.24      INVESTIGATION OF LARGE-SCALE WAVE-LIKE IONOSPHERIC DISTURBANCES OVER SIBERIAN REGION OF RUSSIA USING OBLIQUE-INCIDENCE SOUNDING DATA

V. Ivanova, V. Kurkin, N. Polekh, L. Chistyakova, D. Ivanov, I. Bryn'ko, Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics SB RAS, Irkutsk, Russian Federation;  Z. Dumbrava, I. Poddel'sky, Institute of Cosmophysical Researches and Radio Wave Propagation FEB RAS, Paratunka, Kamchatka region, Russian Federation  

In this paper we study morphological peculiarities of wave-like ionospheric disturbances with period 1-2 hours and spatial dimentions more than 1000 kilometers. We use oblique-incidence ionospheric sounding data obtained over Siberian region of Russia during several monthly duration experiments in 2006-2010 years. Large-scale travelling ionospheric disturbances recorded in geomagnetically disturbed and geomagnetically quiet conditions over East Siberian region of Russia are investigated. The connection between large-scale travelling ionospheric disturbances and small-scale ionospheric structures is mentioned.

GP2.25      STUDY OF LARGE-SCALE TRAVELING IONOSPHERIC DISTURBANCES USING THE DATA OF SUPERDARN HOKKAIDO RADAR AND RUSSIAN CHIRP SOUNDING NETWORK

A. V. Oinats, V. I. Kurkin, K. A. Kutelev, Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Irkutsk, Russian Federation;  N. Nishitani, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan  

In the paper a study of the large-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances observed on March 17, 2007 is presented. The TIDs main parameters were estimated using the data of SuperDARN Hokkaido radar and Russian chirp sounding network separately. The comparison of the estimations shows some discrepancies in propagation direction that can be explained by convex shape of the TID`s front.

GP2.26      THE IONOSPHERE RESPONSE TO SOLAR ECLIPSE ON JANUARY 4, 2011 BY MULTIINSTRUMENTAL RADIOPHISICAL OBSERVATIONS

I. V. Cherniak1, I. I. Shagimuratov1, A. Krankowski2, I. E. Zakharenkova1, G. A. Yakimova1;  1WD IZMIRAN, Kaliningrad, Russian Federation; 2GRL/UWM, Olsztyn, Poland

The ionosphere modification at mid-latitudes caused by the solar eclipse on January 4, 2011 is consider. The observations of ionosphere were carried out with ionosonde and GPS receiver. To analyze the spatial and temporal changes of the ionosphere the GNSS data was used. The eclipse was observed from 7.17 till 10.05 UT, maximal phase was registered at 8.39 UT, the obscuration coefficient of 76.94%. The negative effect in foF2 and TEC was observed. The foF2 decrease up to 1.6 times with delay ~10 min relative to the maximum phase. The observation results are presented.

GP2.27      RADIO TOMOGRAPHY IMAGING BASED ON NAVIGATION SYSTEMS

V. E. Kunitsyn1, E. D. Tereshchenko2, E. S. Andreeva1, I. A. Nesterov1, M. O. Nazarenko1;  1M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University, Physics Faculty, Moscow, Russia; 2Polar Geophysical Institute, Murmansk, Russia

Methods of radio tomography (RT) based on the low- and high-orbital navigational systems and radio occultation data are considered. Examples of RT imaging of the ionosphere in different regions of the world illustrate the use of low-orbital and high-orbital radio tomography (LORT and HORT, respectively) separately and in combination with each other. RT methods allow studying of various ionospheric structures: troughs, travelling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs), spots of enhanced ionizations, patches, blobs, wavelike structures, manifestations of particle precipitation. The possibilities for the application of RT systems together with other methods of UV and radio sounding are discussed.

GP2.28      PIV MEASUREMENTS OF THE VECTOR VELOCITY OF ESF OVER JICAMARCA

M. Urco, J. Chau, Jicamarca Radio Observatory, Lima, Peru

Several techniques are used in order to measure the instantaneous turbulence velocity of the equatorial spread-F (ESF). At Jicamarca, we have two operation modes to study ESF: JULIA-CSR (Coherent Scatter Radar) and JULIA-Imaging. These modes allow us to get vertical and horizontal velocity but not the displacement vector of the turbulence observed. The majority of techniques do not allow us to measure the turbulence displacement. In the present work, we will use imaging data and a particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique to estimate the vector velocity of the spread-F.

GP2.29      THE NEW METEOR RADAR AT PENN STATE

J. V. Urbina, R. Seal, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States;  L. Dyrud, John Hopkins University, Columbia, MD, United States  

Penn State has been developing advanced instruments and technologies for future meteor radars, with primary objectives of making such instruments more capable and cost effective to study basic properties of the global meteor flux, such as average mass, velocity, and chemical composition. Using low-cost field programmable gate arrays and open source software tools, we describe a state-of-the art radar system that is both cost effective and efficient, optimized to collect and display instantaneous profiles of atmospheric parameters and climatology on a daily basis throughout the year. Overview of the meteor radar system and emerging technologies are presented.

GP2.30      TRANSMITTER POWER STUDIES ON METEOR RADAR HEAD ECHO RETURNS

J. V. Urbina, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA;  S. J. Briczinski, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA  

Meteor head echo intensities are typically recorded by high-power large-aperture (HPLA) radar systems. These meteor observations have been analyzed extensively to measure parameters such as Doppler velocities, composition and mass estimates. The majority of observations conducted with these radar instruments utilize the maximum available transmitter power in an attempt to obtain the highest meteor flux rate. But there are not direct power law studies on the role of transmitter power and the received backscatter signal. We present observations from three HPLAs to better assess this effect. These results are vital to estimating the Earth's total meteor flux.

GP2.31      THE ANALYSIS OF HF PROPAGATION BY MEANS OF KIRCHHOFF INTEGRAL TECHNIQUES

C. J. Coleman, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia

For isotropic media, reciprocity relations can provide a foundation for techniques for calculating radiowave propagation. These give rise to the well known Kirchhoff integral methods and these have been successful for analysing terrestrial propagation. It is shown in this paper that such techniques can also be used for calculating propagation in the ionosphere when magneto-ionoic effects can be ignored. In the case of non-isotropic media, however, there are pseudo reciprocity relations that can also provide a foundation for techniques for calculating propagation. Consequently, it is also possible to extend Kirchhoff integral techniques to include magneto-ionic effects.

GP2.32      MORE ACCURATE DEFINITION OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE IONOSPHERIC RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION ACCORDING TO THE OS MIR DATA

O. A. Maltseva1, D. V. Davidenko2, N. S. Mozhaeva1;  1Institute of Physics, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation; 2Institute of Applied Geophysics, Moscow, Russian Federation

One of the best ways to determine the parameters of the ionosphere and use them to refine the model is to measure them with the orbit station. Results from one of these experiments were obtained in 1999 on the OS Mir. This allowed to refine characteristics of the ionospheric radio wave propagation such as foF2, M3000F2, MUF3000F2 and others in areas inaccessible to ground-based sounding, in particular, in the equatorial regions, and estimate the deviation of the model from the experimental values.

GP2.33      A METHOD TO TEST HF RAY TRACING ALGORITHM IN THE IONOSPHERE BY MEANS OF THE VIRTUAL TIME DELAY

A. Azzarone, A. Settimi, C. Scotto, A. Lozito, C. Bianchi, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Roma, Italy

As well known a 3D ray tracing algorithm furnishes the rays coordinates, the three components of the wave vector and the group time delay of the wave along the path. This last quantity can be compared with the measured group delay to check the performance of the algorithm. Simulating a perfect reflector at an altitude equal to the virtual height of reflection the virtual delay is assumed as a real delay. For a monotonic electronic density profile we find a very small relative difference between the calculated and the simulated delay both for analytic and discrete 3D electronic density models.

GP2.34      EXTENSION OF EGNOS IONOSPHERIC CORRECTION

Z. Zbyszynski, A. Swiatek, I. Stanislawska, Space Research Centre P.A.S., Warsaw, Poland

EGNOS corrections are distributed over most European countries. Unfortunately, the current ground infrastructure saves the correction accuracy only for limited area. On the edge of that area, the usefulness of the EGNOS corrections is questionable. That problem occurs in Poland. In Space Research Centre were prepared the analyses of possibilities of extension EGNOS ionospheric correction. Prepared investigations showed that using statistical method of semivariogram calculations is possible to extend the ionospheric corrections with satisfying accuracy. Because of some restrictions, we could work only with values of ionospheric delay transmitted by EGNOS, not with real GPS observations collected by RIMS stations.

GP2.35      DYNAMIC OF NIGHT-TIME EQUATORIAL F LAYER: EQUINOX TRANSITION AT THE MAGNETIC EQUATOR IN AFRICA

S. K. M. T. Tanoh, B. J. J-P. Adohi, University of Cocody, ABIDJAN, Cote d'Ivoire

We study equatorial night-time F layer behaviour from quarter-hourly ionograms at Korhogo (9.2N, 5W, dip lat.: -2.4) during Spring March-April 1995, declining solar flux period. At time of the equinox transition, by the end of March, a net change of the nightly height-time variation is observed. The regime of a single height peak phase before 22 March changes to up to three main F-layer height phases after 30 March, each associated to a dominant mechanism. After the 21 April, the height-time morphology becomes more irregular suggesting meridional wind abatement.

GP2.36      LATITUDINAL VARIATION OF THE IONOSPHERIC DISTURBANCE DYNAMO MAGNETIC SIGNATURE

K. Z. Zaka, A. T. Kobea, O. K. Obrou, N. M. Mene, University of Cocody, UFR SSMT, Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics, ABIDJAN, Cote d'Ivoire

During magnetic storms, the auroral electrojets intensification affects the thermospheric circulation. This process which leads to electric field and current disturbance at middle and low latitudes has been attributed to the ionospheric disturbance dynamo (Ddyn). The latitudinal variation of the Ddyn disturbance magnetic signature exhibits an eastward current at mid latitudes and a westward one at low latitudes with a substantial amplification at the magnetic equator. Such current flow reveals an anti-Sq system. However, the localization and the extent of the anti-Sq current vortex change from one storm to another.

GP2.37      A STATISTICAL METHOD FOR RECONSTRUCTION OF MISSED OBSERVATIONS

G. I. Gordienko, V. V. Vodyannikov, Institute of ionosphere, Almaty, Kazakstan

Abstract A method for reconstruction of missed observations and foF2 short-time prediction is proposed. It is based on the Fourier decomposition of the hourly foF2 in 4-days running intervals. For quiet and moderate disturbed conditions the method provides foF2 forecast with relative mean deviation 9-10 %.

GP2.38      COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RIOMETER ABSORPTION AND GPS TEC DURING ABSORPTION EVENTS IN THE HIGH LATITUDE IONOSPHERE

C. Watson, P. T. Jayachandran, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada;  D. W. Danskin, Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada;  J. W. MacDougall, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada  

Concurrent observation of ionospheric TEC and 30 MHz riometer absorption in the high latitude ionosphere has revealed four distinct TEC-absorption relationships associated with high energy (<200 keV) precipitation, low energy (<20 keV) precipitation, substorm injections and polar cap patches. Relationships observed at each station depend mainly on the stations proximity to auroral regions, and show good theoretical agreement with calculations of non-deviative absorption in the lower atmosphere and deviative absorption in the upper atmosphere.

GP2.39      THE PROCESSING AND INTERPRETATION OF IONOSPHERE SOUNDING DATA USING THE CONTINUOUS CHIRP-SIGNAL

V. Grozov, G. Kotovich, S. Ponomarchuk, Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Irkutsk, Russian Federation

In this paper, we have considered a software package of automatic interpretation of radiophysical information acquired by an ionosonde of vertical and oblique sounding (VS and OS). Ionogram interpretation methods rest on results of modeling of frequency dependences of propagation characteristics in the regime of long-term prediction and on results of experimental data processing. These methods have been employed in this package to realize algorithms of direct diagnostics of decameter radio channel from VS and OS data which are used for automatic link establishment of communication radio channel.

GP2.40      MODEL ESTIMATES OF OPTICAL EMISSIONS DUE TO LIGHTNING-INDUCED ELECTRON PRECIPITATION

R. A. Marshall, N. Lavassar, U. S. Inan, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States

Model calculations are conducted to estimate the optical brightness caused by lightning-induced electron precipitation (LEP). Pitch-angle scattering of radiation-belt electrons by whistlers results in precipitation in the upper atmosphere. We calculate the secondary ionization and a number of optical emission bands. We fi
nd that the N2 1P and O(1S) emissions may reach ~10 R for a 100 kA peak current, with distinct spatial and temporal signatures. A simple SNR calculation shows that the emissions should be detectable with modern photometric instruments. We further investigate the dependence of these emissions on lightning source latitude.

GP2.41      ATMOSPHERIC INTERPRETATION OF ANOMALOUS TERRESTRIAL EMISSION SERENDIPITOUSLY DISCOVERED IN RADIOASTRONOMY DATA AT 1 GIGAHERTZ

S. Burke-Spolaor, R. Ekers, CSIRO, Epping, NSW, Australia;  J.-P. Macquart, ICRAR, Curtin, WA, Australia  

A recent publication in the Astrophysical Journal reported the serendipitous discovery of swept-frequency, terrestrial emission in a search for pulses of astrophysical origin. The source of the emission has yet to be determined, as its attributes are highly atypical of known sources of manmade and natural terrestrial signals. We review the observed properties of the emission, and present a simple model for a physical mechanism that could occur in the atmosphere to produce it. If this mechanism is the cause of the emission, its origin may lie in secondary effects of lightning production in the upper atmosphere.

GP2.42      D-REGION ELECTRON DENSITY MEASUREMENTS FROM TWEEK RADIO ATMOSPHERICS OBSERVED IN INDIA

R. Singh, A. K. Maurya, B. Veenadhari, R. Selvakumaran, New Panvel, Navi Mumbai, India;  P. Pant, (ARIES), Nainital, India;  A. K. Singh, Dept. of Physics, Varanasi, India  

In this work, dispersive property of tweeks observed at low latitude Indian stations Allahabad and Nainital has been utilized for the estimation of night time D-region electron densities at the ionospheric reflection heights. To determine tweeks path of propagation, geographic source locations of their causative lightning discharge is also determined. To validate the results, electron density profile obtained from IRI-2007 model and rocket data from the flight probes in Indian region are compared. The tweek analysis method has unique advantage of monitoring lower boundary of the ionosphere over a wide area of several thousands kilometers surrounding receiving stations.

GP2.43      PHASE AND AMPLITUDE PERTURBATIONS OBSERVED ON SUBIONOSPHERIC VLF SIGNAL RECORDED AT VARANASI (L = 1.07) USING SOFTPAL RECEIVER

A. K. Singh, A. K. Singh, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India

We report here preliminary observations of phase and amplitude perturbations in VLF signal propagating in the Earth-ionosphere waveguide, monitored at low latitude station Varanasi using SoftPAL Receiver. Phase and amplitude perturbations (trimpis) on VLF signals consists of a sudden change in phase and amplitude of the transmitter signal followed by a slow recovery to the initial levels as the ionization decays. The current understanding of lightening discharge associated processes that leads to the changes in the characteristic of the waveguide and thus variation in the received amplitude and/or phase of the VLF transmission signals have been reported

GP2.44      DEVELOPMENT OF POYNTING VECTOR DIRECTION METHOD FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC PULSES IN THE EARTH

M. Tsutsui, M. Kamitani, T. Nakatani, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan

We found that it was wrong to compare phases and amplitudes between waveforms of electromagnetic (EM) fields detected on the ground and at the bottom in a deep borehole, for confirming propagation directions of unknown EM waves detected in the earth, because EM pulses measured in a 100 m-depth borehole represented ellipsoidal polarizations whereas those simultaneously detected on the ground were linear polarizations. For determining propagation directions of unknown EM pulses, we have developed a method of Poynting vectors of EM pulses detected by tri-axial electric dipole antennas and tri-axial magnetic search coils inserted into the borehole.

GP2.45      STUDY OF ULTRA LOW FREQUENCY SIGNALS (0.01-10 HZ) ASSOCIATED WITH MODERATE EARTHQUAKE OCCURRED IN KOYNA REGION USING INDUCTION TYPE MAGNETIC SENSOR

A. K. Sharma, R. N. Haridas, A. V. Patil, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Kolhapur, India

Study of magnetic field fluctuations due to earthquakes have been started at Shivaji University, Kolhapur (India) using three axis ULF/VLF induction type magnetic sensors, since March 2006. We have considered one event of moderate earthquake (4.0<M<5.0) for the present study. This earthquake occurred in Koyna region on 14th November 2009 at 13:03:35 UT (M=4.8). For study of these signals we have taken the frequency band ranging from 0.01 Hz to 10 Hz which is most promising candidates for short term earthquake prediction. Suitable Data analysis methods gives the detail information

GP2.46      ABOUT POSSIBILITY OF USING OF SATELLITE WAVE MONITORING FOR THE FORECAST OF CATASTROPHIC EARTHQUAKES

V. I. Larkina, IZMIRAN, Troitsk of Moscow region, Russian Federation

It is offered the schemes of remote monitoring of near-Earth space plasma for the purpose of revealing of disturbances of natural and technogenic character by results of satellite wave experiments. It will allow to organize high information monitoring of a condition ionosphere plasma, both over separate regions, and in planetary scale.

GP2.47      DETECTION OF IONOSPHERIC PERTURBATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH EARTHQUAKE USING DATA OF IAP AND ISL INSTRUMENTS OF DEMETER SATELLITE

A. K. Sharma1, A. V. Patil2, R. N. Haridas1, M. Parrot1;  1Shivaji University Kolhapur, Kolhapur,Maharashtra, India; 2Tatyasaheb Kore Institute of Engineering and Technology Warananagar, Kolhapur,Maharashtra, India

Ionospheric variations were observed by DEMETER (Detection of Electro-Magnetic Emission Transmitted from Earthquake Regions) satellite, during strong earthquake. The main aim of the DEMETER satellite mission is to study the ionospheric variations associated with seismic activity. In present paper, we have studied ionospheric irregularities for strong earthquake by using ion and electron density data. These data recorded by the IAP and ISL instruments of DEMETER satellite, respectively. Perturbations in plasma parameter were observed near the epicenter of the earthquake few days before the main shock. Observed variation in ionosphere was examined by checking geomagnetic (Dst and Kp indices) data.

GP2.48      IONOSPHERIC ANOMALIES DURING 26 DECEMBER 2004 SUMATRA TSUNAMI: OBSERVATIONS FROM CHAMP AND SIMULATION

E. A. Kherani1, P. Lognonne2, E. R. D. Paula1;  1Institute Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, sao jose dos campos, Brazil; 2Instituto de Physique du Globe de Paris, Paris, France

In the present work, CHAMP satellite observations of density and magnetic anomalies in the ionosphere during Sumatra tsunami (26 December 2004) are presented. These anomalies are found to be present over Indian ocean during the 2-5 hours after the initiation of tsunami. The tsunami-ionosphere coupling mechanism via acoustic gravity waves is explored using coupled atmosphere-ionosphere model. For modelled tsunami wave as an input, the coupled model simulates the gravity waves and density/magnetic anomalies in the ionosphere. The results show the excitation of the ionospheric anomalies by modelled gravity wave that may account for the observed anomalies.

GP2.49      IONOSPHERIC EFFECTS FROM DIFFERENT SEISMOGENIC ELECTRIC FIELD SOURCES

A. A. Namgaladze, O. V. Zolotov, Murmansk State Technical University, Murmansk, Russia

The results of numerical simulations of the impact of different seismogenic electric field sources on TEC (Total Electron Content) of the ionosphere are presented. The external electric currents flowing between the faults and the ionosphere were used as lower boundary condition for the electric potential equation of the UAM (Upper Atmosphere Model). Different configurations and magnitudes of these currents were investigated. According to simulations, vertical electric current with density of about 2*10^(-8) A/m^2 over the earthquake epicenter area of about ~200 km ~4000 km may create electric fields generating the observed TEC increases up to ~50%.

GP2.50      NEURAL NETWORK BASED TOMOGRAPHIC APPROACH TO DETECTING THE IONOSPHERIC ANOMALIES PRIOR TO THE 2007 SOUTHERN SUMATRA EARTHQUAKE

S. Hirooka, K. Hattori, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan;  M. Nishihashi, Meteorological Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan;  T. Takeda, The University of electro-communications, Tokyo, Japan  

In this paper, neural network based ionospheric tomography was performed to investigate the detailed structure that may be associated with earthquakes. The 2007 Southern Sumatra earthquake (M8.5) is selected because significant decreases in the Total Electron Content (TEC) have been confirmed by GPS data analysis. With respect to the analyzed earthquake, we detected significant decreases at heights of 250-400 km, especially at 300 km. The global tendency is that the decreased region expands to the east with increasing altitude and concentrated in the Southern hemisphere over the epicenter. Furthermore, obtained results are consistent with other satellite observation.

GP2.51      IONOSPHERIC VARIATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH NOVEMBER 28, 2004 JAPANESE EARTHQUAKE

I. E. Zakharenkova1, I. I. Shagimuratov1, I. V. Cherniak1, A. Krankowski2, N. Y. Tepenitsyna1;  1West Department of IZMIRAN, Kaliningrad, Russian Federation; 2University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland

In this paper we present the analysis of the ionosphere changes prior to the Japanese earthquake of November 28, 2004 (M7.0). For this purpose we used global TEC maps and measurements provided by GPS-IGS stations and Wakkanai ionosonde which is nearest to the epicenter. Several days prior to earthquake the characteristic anomaly was found out as the day-time significant increase of TEC at the vicinity of earthquake up to the value of 45-48% relative to the background condition.

GP2.52      STUDIES OF THE CORRELATION BETWEEN IONOSPHERIC ANOMALIES AND SEISMIC ACTIVITIES IN THE INDIAN SUBCONTINENT

S. Sasmal, Indian Centre for Space Physics, Kolkata, West-Bengal, India;  S. K. Chakrabarti, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Kolkata, West-Bengal, India;  S. Chakrabarti, M. M. C. College, Kolkata, West-Bengal, India  

It is long conjectured that the ionosphere is affected by seismic activities and these effects can be detected in VLF signals. We present the results of sunrise sunset terminators for the VTX 18.2 kHz signal received at Kolkata for and draw a standardized calibration curve to study the influences by earthquakes and other high energetic events. We present examples of unusual terminator shifts, D-Layer preparation and disappearance times and compute the correlations with seismic events. We found that correlation exists on 1-2 days prior to the events. We discuss the effects of depths of the earthquakes.

GP2.53      PRECURSOR OF EARTHQUAKE USING NIGHT TIME VLF AMPLITUDE

S. Ray1, S. K. Chakrabarti1,2;  1Indian Centre for Space Physics, Kolkata, West Bengal, India; 2S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences., Salt Lake, West Bengal., India

We present the results of the analysis of the year-long (2007) monitoring of the night time VLF signal amplitude from the Indian Navy station VTX at 18.2kHz, received at the Indian Centre for Space Physics, Kolkata. We analyzed this data to find out the correlation, if any, between the night time fluctuation and the seismic events. We found, using individual cases as well as statistical analysis that the night time VLF amplitude anomalously fuctuated before three days of the events. Thus the night time fuctuation could be considered as a precursory effectes of the seismic activities.

GP2.54      ULF GEOMAGNETIC CHANGES POSSIBLY ASSOCIATED WITH THE 2008 IWATE-MIYAGI NAIRIKU EARTHQUAKE

K. Hattori, T. Hirano, P. Han, Y. Ishiguro, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan

In this study, we investigate ULF geomagnetic changes possibly associated with the 2008 Iwate-Miyagi Nairiku earthquake based on spectral density ratio analysis, geomagnetic transfer function analysis, fractal analysis, and direction finding analysis. Geomagnetic data observed at Esashi, where the epicentral distance is about 47 km and Kakioka, the distance is about 317 km, and as a reference station have been analyzed. The obtained results from these analyses show a common anomalous change appears 25 days before the EQ and it is highly suggestive of a possible candidate of the earthquake-related ULF magnetic change.

GP2.55      ANOMALOUS BEHAVIORS OF THE VLF SIGNALS BEFORE EARTHQUAKES FOR VTX-MALDA PROPAGATION PATH

S. Ray1, S. K. Chakrabarti1,2, A. K. Choudhury1;  1Indian Centre for Space Physics, Kolkata, West Bengal, India; 2S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences., Salt Lake, West Bengal., India

We present the result of the monitoring of the four years (2005, 2007-09) VLF signals from Indian Navy station VTX at 18.2 Khz, received at Malda branch of ICSP, located in Malda, West Bengal. We analized these data to find out the correlations, if any, between the ionospheric activities and earthquake and we found that the deviations of the 'VLF day length' (defined as the time difference between the two terminators), 'D-layer preparation time' (DLPT) and also 'D-layer disappearance time' (DLDT) are correlated with the seismic events.

GP2.56      THE TEC SIGNATURES AS STRONG SEISMIC EVENT PRECURSORS

A. A. Namgaladze1, O. V. Zolotov1, B. E. Prokhorov2,3;  1Murmansk State Technical University, Murmansk, Russian Federation; 2Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany; 3University Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany

The paper presents the authors' view on the TEC (Total Electron Content) disturbances considered as seismo-precursors. The traditional pre-earthquake signatures are extended with the terminator-related effects: the coming of the terminator and subsolar point triggers the shift and migration of the TEC anomalies towards the night-zone, followed with their shape modification and full destruction at the near-noon hours at the near-epicenter and geomagnetically conjugated regions.

HP2 – Poster Session 2

Session Chairs: Yoshiharu Omura, O. Santolik

Session     HP2

Type          Poster Presentation

Schedule   Thursday, August 18, 16:00-19:00

Room        Poster Area

HP2.1         THE PARTICLE-IN-CELL SIMULATION OF 18-VANE MAGNETRON MODELLED BY CST

I. Araz, TUBITAK UEKAE, KOCAELI, Turkey

In this study we basically focused on computer simulation of the vane-type magnetrons using the Particle-in-Cell (PIC) in CST Mirowave Studio. This magnetron mainly consist of the 18 anode vanes without strap. Simulation of magnetrons has been improved by changing dimensions of cavities, optimizing voltage and applying various magnetic fields values. The aim of this work is to tune the operation frequency of magnetron under the constant electric field and the magnetic field between anode and cathode.

HP2.2         STATISTICAL ANALYSIS AND CORRELATION OF ANTENNA IMPEDANCE OF ELECTRIC FILED ANTENNAS

R. Higashi, Ishikawa National College of Technology, Tsubata, Kahoku-gun, Ishikawa, Japan;  T. Imachi, Y. Kasahara, S. Yagitani, I. Nagano, Kanazawa University, Kakuma Kanazawa, Japan  

Knowledge of the characteristics of wire antennas in space plasma used as sensors for electric field observations by scientific satellites in geospace is necessary to determine the absolute intensity and the phase of the electric field wave because the observation data about electric field are available as voltage signal. Two important characteristics are the effective length and the antenna impedance. In this study, according to the statistical analysis of measurement data of the antenna impedance on Akebono, the correlation between the antenna impedance and the altitude of Akebono were found.

HP2.3         OBSERVATION OF WHISTLER WAVE RESONANCES IN LABORATORY PLASMA

B. Amatucci1, D. Blackwell1, E. Tejero2, C. Cothran2, L. Rudakov3, G. Ganguli1, D. Walker2;  1Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, United States; 2Global Strategies North America Inc, Crofton, MD, United States; 3Icarus Research, Bethesda, MS, United States

Standing whistler waves have been investigated in the NRL Space Physics Simulation Chamber. Partial reflection of antenna-launched whistler waves from the chamber end boundaries creates a combination of standing and traveling waves. By controlling the axial magnetic field profile, cyclotron absorption of whistlers can occur before reflection, leaving only the forward propagating waves. By comparing standing wave amplitudes to the forward propagating, cavity Q's in excess of 30 have been observed. Under uniform axial magnetic field conditions, the addition of planar conducting grids near the ends of the plasma column improves reflection and increases the value of Q.

HP2.4         TRAJECTORIES OF ELECTRONS IN A REALISTIC MODEL OF THE EARTH'S MAGNETIC FIELD

M. A. A. Nemair, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa;  A. B. Collier, Hermanus Magnetic Observatory, Hermanus, South Africa  

During the onset of a substorm, a burst of energetic (10-100 keV) electrons is injected into the inner magnetosphere. The subsequent motion of these electrons is dictated by their energy, pitch angle and the Earth's magnetic field geometry. More specifically, if the Earth's magnetic field is not varying rapidly then the three adiabatic invariants associated with each of the electrons' periodic motions are conserved. In this work we study the motion of electrons in the Earth's magnetic field. A realistic magnetic field geometry is employed which depends on conditions in the solar wind.

HP2.5         THE CREATION OF A STATISTICAL LIGHTNING MODEL

M. van Zyl1, A. B. Collier1,2;  1University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa; 2Hermanus Magnetic Observatory, Hermanus, South Africa

The detailed spatial and temporal influence of lightning on particle precipitation losses in the magnetosphere is studied. World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN) lightning distribution data was used because it gives continuous coverage. Since the detection efficiency of WWLLN is low, the distribution was compared to LIS/OTD data. Flash multiplicity was considered since WWLLN records strokes and LIS/OTD flashes. Finally, WWLLN data is transformed to geomagnetic (MAG) coordinates. By using the MAG lightning distribution, incorporating stroke multiplicity, lightning orientation and power, a statistical model is created to determine the flux of VLF energy incident on the radiation belts.

HP2.6         (withdrawn)

HP2.7         FULL-SCALE TIME DOMAIN MODELING OF THE INTERACTION OF HF WAVES WITH THE TOPSIDE IONOSPHERE

X. Shao, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States;  B. Eliasson, Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany;  S. F. Fung, R. F. Benson, L. N. Garcia, NASA, Greenbelt, MD, United States  

We use a time domain simulation to study the interaction of HF wave with the topside ionosphere. The ionosphere density profile is derived from X-mode ionogram data obtained from satellite topside sounding. In the simulation, we observe the reflection of L-O and R-X modes at different altitudes and large amplitude electrostatic field generation at the reflection altitude of L-O mode. These electrostatic fields of Langmuir type have amplitude several times of the injected wave field amplitude. The time domain modeling allows us to understand the propagation, reflection, and coupling of HF wave.

HP2.8         WHISTLER WAVE EXCITATION BY A PULSED LOOP ANTENNA LOCATED IN A CYLINDRICAL DUCT WITH ENHANCED PLASMA DENSITY

N. M. Shmeleva, A. V. Kudrin, V. A. Es'kin, University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation

Pulsed radiation from a loop antenna located in a cylindrical duct with enhanced plasma density is studied. An expression for the radiated energy is derived and its distribution over the spatial and frequency spectra of the excited waves as a function of the source and duct parameters is analyzed. Numerical results referring to the case where the frequency spectrum of the current is concentrated in the whistler range are reported. It is shown that the presence of an artificial enhanced-density duct can lead to a significant increase in the energy radiated from a pulsed loop antenna under ionospheric conditions.

HP2.9         STUDIES ON THE SHORT-RANGE PRESSURE PULSE GENERATION WITHIN THE AURORAL IONOSPHERE

S. S. De1, S. Paul1, B. K. De2, B. Bandyopadhyay1, M. Sanfui1, M. Bose3, D. K. Sinha1;  1University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India; 2Tripura University, Agartala, India; 3Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India

Auroral electric field is a probable source of Atmospheric Gravity Waves (AGW) in the thermospheric region of Auroral zone of the ionosphere and associated Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances (TID). This field is considered to be active through Lorentz force and Joule dissipation that influence the neutral gas of the medium through collision. The process introduces the short-range gravity waves. The expressions for the low frequency part of the fractional pressure variations have been derived within the auroral region of the ionosphere. The results of numerical analyses are presented graphically.

HP2.10       FAST DOPPLER TECHNIQUE OF OBSERVATIONS OF ASPECT SENSITIVE SIGNALS BACKSCATTERED FROM THE IONOSPHERE HEATED BY POWERFUL HF RADIO WAVES

V. A. Puchkov, A. V. Branitsky, V. Y. Kim, V. A. Panchenko, V. P. Polimatidi, IZMIRAN, Troitsk, Russian Federation

Fast Doppler measurements technique of observation of small-scale, magnetic field aligned inhomogeneities produced in the Ionosphere by powerful HF radio waves is developed. This technique is based on evaluation of momentary Doppler shift of received signal frequency with the help of phase measurements in individual pulse responses. Observations of backscattered aspect sensitive signals show that individual modes in multi mode signals have different dynamics at the time intervals less than 1 second.

HP2.11       LUMINOSITY NEAR THE ACTIVE DIPOLES IN THE OEDIPUS-C IONOSPHERIC EXPERIMENT

G. James, Communications Research Centre Canada, Ottawa, ON K2H 8S2, Canada;  K. Balmain, A. Luettgen, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G4, Canada  

The OEDIPUS-C sounding rocket double payload was designed for two-point studies of plasma waves in the auroral ionosphere. Early in the experiment, just after the two subpayload parts began to separate, a television camera on the aft subpayload began to record intense visible radiation near the transmitting dipoles on the forward subpayload. This luminosity reduced to zero in the 15 seconds that it took an argon gas thruster bottle to evacuate completely. The luminosity is interpreted as the result of collisional excitation by sounder-accelerated electrons of argon atomic levels that subsequently decay by transitions at visible wavelengths.

HP2.12       EXTENDED HEATING OF THE NIGHTTIME D REGION BY VERY LOW FREQUENCY TRANSMITTERS

K. L. Graf1, U. S. Inan1,2, M. Spasojevic1, N. G. Lehtinen1;  1Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States; 2Koc University, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey

Very low frequency (VLF, 3−30 kHz) signals propagating in the Earth-ionosphere waveguide are used to probe the heated nighttime D region over three keyed U.S. Navy VLF transmitters. The keyed VLF transmitters are turned on-off in periodic formats for thirty to sixty minutes each day over the course of several months, providing sensitive measurements of their heating effect on the surrounding ionosphere. Heating effects are observed at distances greater than 1500 km. It is proposed that the heating effect of VLF transmitters extends over very large distances through the subionospheric propagation of its radiated signal.

HP2.13       OBSERVATIONS OF ULF WAVE RELATED EQUATORIAL ELECTROJET AND DENSITY FLUCTUATIONS

E. Yizengaw, Institute for Scientific Research, Chestnut Hill, United States;  E. Zesta, Air Force Research Laboratory, Hanscom, United States;  M. B. Moldwin, Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Space Sciences, Ann Arbor, United States;  B. Damtie, Washera Geospace and Radar Science Laboratory, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia;  A. Mebrahtu, Department of Physics, Mekelle, Ethiopia;  F. Anad, Centre de Recherche en Astronomie Astrophysique et Gophysique, Algiers, Algeria;  R. F. Pfaff, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, United States;  C. M. Biouele, Department of Physics, Yaound, Cameroon;  M. Hartinger, Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, Los Angeles, United States  

Global magnetospheric Ultra Low Frequency (ULF) pulsations with frequencies in the Pc 4-5 range have been observed for decades in space and on Earth. However, only a few studies have been performed on ULF wave-related perturbations in the vicinity of the equatorial region. This paper reports on the Pc5 wave-related vertical drift velocity oscillations at the equator as observed by ground magnetometers and radar. The paper also presents ionospheric density fluctuations during the period when ULF wave activities were observed, demonstrating that the Pc5 wave can penetrate to the equatorial and modulate the equatorial electrodynamics.

HP2.14       FIRST DEMONSTRATION OF HF-DRIVEN IONOSPHERIC CURRENTS

K. Papadopoulos, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States;  C. L. Chang, J. Labenski, I. Doxas, T. Wallace, Technology Solutions, BAE Systems, Arlington, VA, United States  

Ionospheric heaters located in polar-regions have been used to generate waves in the LF range by modulating the auroral electrojet. We present the first demonstration of ULF/ELF wave generation by injection of modulated HF radio-waves without presence of electrojet currents. Waves between 0.1-50 Hz were measured at both near and far sites when the HAARP heater was used to modulate the electron temperature at F-region. We discuss the physics of the observed ionospheric current drive, expected ground signature and the advantages of ionospheric ULF/ELF generation without the requirement of electrojet strength and availability.

HP2.15       RESULTS OF COMPLEX RADIOSOUNDING OF IONOSPHERIC DISTURBANCES GENERATED BY THE TRANSPORT SPACECRAFT PROGRESS ONBOARD THRUSTERS

V. Khakhinov, A. Potekhin, B. Shpynev, S. Alsatkin, K. Ratovsky, V. Lebedev, D. Kushnarev, Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Irkutsk, Russian Federation

Active space experiments (SE) carry out to study spatio-temporal characteristics of disturbances emerging in the ionospheric plasma due to the functionality of transport spacecraft (TSC) "Progress" onboard thrusters. The main research facility is the Irkutsk incoherent scatter radar (ISR). Results showed that small masses of TSC exhaust product generate disturbances in the ionosphere with size of tens kilometers and with lifetime up to 20 minutes. The amplitude of a depression in the plasma density variations reached up to 40%.

HP2.16       VARIATIONS OF THE TRANSPORT SPACECRAFT PROGRESS RADAR CHARACTERISTICS CONNECTED WITH THE ORBITAL MANEUVERING SUBSYSTEM RUN

V. Khakhinov, V. Lebedev, A. Potekhin, D. Kushnarev, V. Zarudnev, Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Irkutsk, Russian Federation

In this paper we study the Transport Spacecraft (TSC) "Progress" radar characteristic variations emerging due to the onboard thrusters run. Measurements were taken at the Irkutsk Incoherent Scatter Radar (ISR) in the 154-162 MHz range. The results of experiments showed significant variations of radar characteristics especially at emitting of exhaust jets towards the radar. The most sensitive parameter is the antenna angle of the TSC elevation.

HP2.17       EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUE OF MULTIPOSITIONAL FMCW SOUNDING OF ARTIFICIAL IRREGULARITIES

V. P. Polimatidi1, G. G. Vertogradov2, V. Y. Kim1, I. V. Krasheninnikov1, V. P. Uryadov3;  1Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Waves Propagation of the Russian Ac, Moscow region, Russian Federation; 2Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation; 3Radiophysical Research Institute, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation

Experimental results of HF radio waves scattering from artificial irregularities induced by "Sura"heating facility FMCW (chirp sounding ) method as a diagnostic tool are presented. Elimination of the disturbed region of the ionosphere was performed from the point IZMIRAN, distant from "Sura" on about 500 km, and the scattered on the artificial irregularities signals were received at the distances 120 km, 560 km and 1100 km correspondently. An analysis of the simultaneous observations has shown that total frequency range of the scattered signals can reach up to 10 MHz.

HP2.18       (withdrawn)

HP2.19       INVESTIGATION OF ANOMALOUS PERTURBATIONS IN VLF SIGNALS AND CORRELATION WITH SEISMIC ACTIVITY

S. Brijraj1, A. B. Collier1,2;  1University of KwaZulu Natal, Westville campus, Durban, Durban, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa; 2Hermanus Magnetic Observatory, Hermanus, Western Cape, South Africa

Prior to earthquakes anomalous perturbations in the ionosphere have either been observed as fluctuations in the F- region critical frequency, foF2, or as deviations in VLF signals. Such phenomena have been recorded up to 6 days before the main shock, making their identification imperative in aiding in earthquake prediction. However, a lack of reproducibility of the events and the large scale effect of solar activity on the ionosphere, isolation of seismogenic signals is difficult. Using narrowband receiver data from Hungary, VLF waves are analyzed to investigate the presence of anomalous perturbations, which are then correlated with seismic activity.

HP2.20       EVOLUTION OF LOW FREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC FLUCTUATIONS IN LOW- AND MIDDLE-LATITUDE IONOSPHERE

I. Y. Sergeev, Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation, Russian Academy of Sciences (IZMIRAN), Troitsk, Moscow reg., Russian Federation

The electromagnetic equations of qyrotropic waves in the general form have been examined. The analysis shows that attenuation of one of modes tends to zero in the perpendicular direction to the magnetic field while along this direction the attenuation is finite. Basing on this feature it was supposed that low frequency electromagnetic fluctuations tend to expand along the magnetic field. It forms in the ionosphere long areas with invariable direction of the electric field and current and weakly variable magnitude of these parameters. This assumption was checked by numerical solving of the direct problem of electromagnetic fluctuation evolution.

HP2.21       TESTING THE COSMIC RAY-LIGHTNING CONNECTION HYPOTHESIS

O. Okike1, A. B. Collier1,2;  1University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; 2Hermanus Magnetic Observatory, Hermanus, South Africa

The proposed dependence of atmospheric electrical properties on the ionizing influence of cosmic rays has resulted in numerous attempts to obtain convincing correlations. While most of the studies remain largely theoretical, a few results indicate that there is a plausible link between lightning activity and cosmic ray ionization. Using global lightning and assimilated cosmic ray data, the present work suggests a correlation between simultaneous Forbush decreases and lightning activity.

HP2.22       CHARACTERISTICS OF TWEEKS RADIO ATMOSPHERICS OBSERVED IN INDIAN LOW LATITUDE REGION USING AWESOME VLF RECEIVER

A. K. Maurya, R. Selvakumaran, R. Singh, B. Veenadhari, Indian Institute of Geomagnetism, Navi Mumbai, Maharastra, India

In present work tweeks recorded at Indian low latitude ground station Allahabad (Geomag. lat. 16.050 N) during April 2007 to March 2008 have been used to study the occurrence characteristics, distance & reflection height in the Earth Ionospheric waveguide. Results shows that summer seasons has highest tweek occurrence ~63% and lowest for winter season ~18%. Tweeks recorded having maximum mode n=6, tweeks with n=2 are more dominant with occurrence ~70%. Tweeks with n>3 are more common during early night & maximum tweeks occurs in late night. Average distance traveled by maximum tweeks in range of ~4000-8000 km

HP2.23       AN INVESTIGATION OF WHISTLER INTENSITIES ABOVE THUNDERSTORMS

J. Fiser1, J. Chum1, G. Diendorfer2, M. Parrot3, O. Santolik1,4;  1Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic; 2Austrian Electrotechnical Association, Vienna, Austria; 3LPC2E/CNRS, Orleans, France; 4Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Prague, Czech Republic

We study a penetration of whistlers to the ionosphere. We developed an automatic method for assigning causative lightning to fractional-hop whistlers observed on the DEMETER satellite. Processing data from 364 passes of the satellite over Europe, we found that at nighttime, a mean whistler intensity is approximately three times larger than at daytime. A maximum of whistler intensity is shifted approximately one degree from the satellite magnetic footprint owing to the oblique propagation. Calculations of wave attenuation made using IRI2007 and MSIS models show very similar result in a ratio of nighttime and daytime intensities.

HP2.24       ASYMMETRIC V SHAPED STREAKS RECORDED ON BOARD DEMETER

F. El-Lemdani Mazouz, H. De Feraudy, CNRS, Guyancourt, France;  J. L. Pinon, M. Parrot, CNRS, Orleans, France  

Both symmetric and asymmetric forms of V-shaped streaks observed on board DEMETER satellite are reported. . They are associated with intense and numerous 0+ whistlers generated above high active thunderstorms regions. To understand the origin of the different spectral forms, a systematic survey is performed over 5 years of VLF-data. Asymmetric events are more frequently observed for high latitude regions. The importance of the magnetic field orientation on the spectral form observed is pointed out and confirmed by: - A propagation model based on cold plasma properties. - An event study where positions of the lightnings strokes were precisely known

HP2.25       A COMPARISON STUDY ON GRAVITOMAGNETISM AND ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD

K. Tang, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;  Y. Chi, Institute of Seismology of Hebi, Henan, China  

Our group observed pendulum anomalies during total solar eclipse (TSE) of July , 2009, so Allais pendulum anomalies during TSEs were probably true. A small part of torque exerted on pendulum from the sun and the moon strengthen each other during solar eclipse. In other times, the torque of gravitation of the sun and the moon in most cases weakens each other. This torque may originate from gravitomagnetism of the motion of the sun and the moon; other words, the pendulum anomalies during TSEs might provide preliminary evidences which show the existence of gravitomagnetism which is similar to electromagnetic field.

HP2.26       RESULTS OF IONOSPHERIC RADIO SOUNDING FROM HEIGHTS IN THE VICINITY OF THE F2-LAYER MAXIMUM

N. P. Danilkin, Fedorov Institute of Applied Geophysics, Moscow, Russian Federation

Results of ionospheric radio sounding from heights in the vicinity of the F2-layer maximum are presented. New phenomenon of the specific multifrequency trace has been opened in the ionosphere radio sounding from the Mir man space station during those periods when the station was below height of F2 maximum. It has been explained as consecutive inclined reflection of radio waves from the Earth and refraction from strong irregularity of the F2 electronic concentration. Examples of the internal structure of the inhomogeneities of various types (a regular or irregular characters) are presented.

JP2 – Poster Session 2

Session Chairs: Subra Ananthakrishnan, Justin Jonas

Session     JP2

Type          Poster Presentation

Schedule   Thursday, August 18, 16:00-19:00

Room        Poster Area

JP2.1         A COMPARISON OF THE FLUX DENSITY SCALES BETWEEN THE EVLA AND ATCA INTERFEROMETERS AND THE PLANCK MISSION

R. A. Perley1, B. J. Butler1, B. Partridge2, P. Edwards3, J. Stevens3, J. Gonzalez-Nuevo4, M. Lopez-Caniego5, M. Massardi4;  1National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Socorro, NM, United States; 2Haverford College, Haverford, PA, United States; 3Australia National Telescope Facility, Epping, NSW, Australia; 4Scuoloa Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, Trieste, Italy; 5Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria, Santander, Spain

Simultaneous observing of a set of 21 compact extragalactic objects with the EVLA and the Planck Satellite, and with a subset of these 21 with the ATNF, have been made to enable comparison of their respective flux density scales. The ground-based instruments flux scales are based on observations and models of the emission from the planet Mars, while that of the Planck mission is based on the dipole pattern induced by solar and earth orbital motions. These specific observations should establish the relative accuracies of these independent scales.

JP2.2         A SURVEY OF NULLING PULSARS USING GIANT METERWAVE RADIO TELESCOPE

V. Gajjar, B. C. Joshi, National Center for Radio Astrophysics - Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Pune, India;  M. Kramer, MPI fuer Radioastronomie, Bonn, Germany  

Several pulsars show sudden cessation of pulsed emission, which is known as pulsar nulling. In this paper, we are reporting nulling behaviour of 15 pulsars among which five were discovered recently and never reported any nulling behaviour. In addition few interesting feature of known nulling pulsars and also first time results on reduction in the pulsed energy during the null phase for all our samples. The main aim of this study is to bring out the fact that nulling fraction does not quantify nulling in full detail as pulsar with similar nulling fraction exhibit different nulling behaviour.

JP2.3         ANOMALOUS ABSORPTION IN COSMIC H_2CS MOLECULE

P. G. Musrif, G. S. Moze College Of Engineering, Pune, India;  S. Chandra, Lovely University Jalandar, Jalandar, India  

Spectral line 1_10 - 1_11 of formaldehyde (H2CO) at 4.831 GHz was the first cosmic radiation observed in absorption against the cosmic microwave background (CMB). The first successful attempt for identification of H2CS in the cosmic objects is in the name of Sinclair et al.[1]. In the present paper, we have investigated the absorption lines of H2CS in cosmic objects, and found that the collisional rates are responsible for absorption of these lines. Hence, there is a need to get accurate information about the collisional rates of H2CS colliding with H2 molecules.

JP2.4         THE DISCOVERY OF TERRESTRIAL, SWEPT-FREQUENCY EMISSION THAT MIMICS AN INTERSTELLAR DISPERSIVE DELAY

S. Burke-Spolaor, R. Ekers, CSIRO, Epping, NSW, Australia

We will detail the discovery of an anomalous terrestrial source of pulsed emission which exhibits a frequency-swept signal that closely mimics the frequency-dependent delay induced by dispersion in interstellar plasma. The frequency-dependent delay and the sweep rates for most of the bursts are similar to those of a burst previously purported to be extragalactic. These bursts both call into question the extragalactic nature of that burst, and highlight the limitations of performing searches for one-off impulses with single dishes.

JP2.5         THE CENTRAL POINT SOURCE IN G76.9+1.0

V. R. Marthi, J. Chengalur, Y. Gupta, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Pune, Maharashtra, India;  G. C. Dewangan, D. Bhattacharya, Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune, Maharashtra, India  

We describe the discovery of a steep spectrum radio point source in the supernova remnant G76.9+1.0, which itself was thought earlier to be a pulsar wind nebula. Despite deep searches for a pulsar at low radio frequencies with the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope(India), pulsed emission was not detected. However, deep radio imaging has revealed a point source with a steep spectrum. Together with X-ray data, it is now unambiguously established that this point source is indeed the associated pulsar. We underline the usefulness of combined radio-X-ray imaging to prospect for pulsar candidates.

JP2.6         THZ SOLAR TELESCOPE FOR DETECTION FLARE SYNCHROTRON RADIATION

P. Kaufmann1,2, J. M. Klopf3;  1Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; 2Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas,SP, Brazil; 3Jefferson Laboratory, Newport News,VA, USA

Solar flare observations have shown spectra exhibiting fluxes increasing with frequency in the sub-THz spectrum simultaneously with the well known component peaking at microwaves. It might be associated to incoherent synchrotron radiation (ISR) produced by flare accelerated beams of high energy electrons, which undergo wave-particle instabilities to produce bursts of powerful broadband coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) at microwaves, as has been demonstrated in laboratory accelerators. Simulations have shown that the mechanism may be extremely efficient in solar flares. A telescope has been developed to measure the complete flare continuum spectra at higher THz frequencies outside the terrestrial atmosphere

JP2.7         PROPAGATION OVER THE HORIZON OF SATURNS RADIO LIGHTNING STUDIED BY THREE-DIMENSIONAL RAY TRACING

A.-L. Gautier, B. Cecconi, P. Zarka, LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, Meudon, France;  G. Fischer, Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria  

Saturn Electrostatic Discharges (SED) are radio signature of lightning flashes originating from Saturns cloud systems. Observations of SED show that the radio horizon is larger than the visible one, especially when Cassini is in Saturns morning side (over the horizon effect). Moreover, both apparition and disappearance of bursts appear to be frequency-dependent. We built a 3D ray tracing code, which computes the path propagation of radio waves through a realistic model of Saturns ionosphere, where electron density varies with local time, and were able to reproduce the typical dynamic spectrum of observed over the horizon events.

JP2.8         ROTATIONAL CHERECTERISTICS OF SOLAR RADIO EMISSIONS AND IMF:A COMPARATIVE STUDY

M. V. Mehta, VP & RPTP Science College, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India;  H. O. Vats, Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, 380 009, India  

Solar rotation is a complex problem and being studied by several methods. We have tried to look at the problem through autocorrelation analysis of time series of disc integrated solar flux at 2800 MHz and daily observations of Interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) for the period of 1987 to 2010 to infer rotation period. Comparison is made between results of 2800 MHz radio emissions, a coronal feature and interplanetary magnetic field. The results show with some exceptions, a fair degree of correlation between the two, which indicates that IMF seems to emanate from low latitudes, in contrast to expected polar origin.

JP2.9         DATA PROCESSING FOR 5-ELEMENT EXPERIMENTS OF CHINESE SPECTRAL RADIOHELIOGRAPH

W. Wang, Y. Yan, D. Liu, Z. Chen, F. Liu, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China

The Chinese Spectral Radioheliograph is under construction in Mingantu Observation station of NAOC, and some experiments have been carried out by 5-element system which has been established in May 2010. This paper described overall system of 5-element briefly and showed some data processing results included observations of weather satellite, GPS satellite and solar.

JP2.10       PHOTOMETRY OF THZ RADIATION USING GOLAY CELL DETECTOR

L. O. T. Fernandes1,2, P. Kaufmann1,2, R. Marcon2,3, A. S. Kudaka1, A. Marun4, R. Godoy4, E. C. Bortolucci2, M. B. Zakia2, J. A. Diniz2;  1Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; 2Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil; 3Observatorio Solar Bernard Lyot, Campinas, SP, Brazil; 4Complejo Astronomico El Leoncito, San Juan, SJ, Argentina

The measurement of THz radiation in the continuum presents new technical challenges concerning materials, frequency filters and detection devices. We present the first results of a radiometric system using Golay cell as a detector, for the whole > 15 THz range, and at discrete frequencies centered at 2, 10 and 30 THz. The system was designed to measure solar THz radiation. It is capable to detect small solar bursts, with a large dynamic range to be able to detect larger events.

JP2.11       NEW CONTROL AND MONITOR SYSTEM FOR GMRT

B. Ramaswamy, C. Kanade, R. Uprade, N. Sisodiya, J. Kodilkar, GMRT,NCRA,TIFR, Pune, Maharashtra, India

The development of new Control and Monitor (CMS) system for GMRT envisages improved architectural functionalities compared to the present online system. We present details of upgrades undertaken to build a more powerful and sophisticated system. We also present the design and performance details of Monitor and Control Module (MCM). CMS controls and monitors working of all the telescope subsystems over a high speed 1 Gbits/s digital optical fibre link. A new MCM card is being developed using a Rabbit 8 bit microprocessor and 100 Mbits/s Ethernet communication link. RFI performance of this card is also presented.

JP2.12       SKA MONITORING & CONTROL: CHALLENGES & APPROACHES

A. L. Ahuja1, R. Balasubramanian2, S. R. Chaudhuri1, J. Chengalur2, S. Engineer3, Y. Gupta2, C. H. Ishwara-Chandra2, J. Kodilkar2, V. Mohile4, S. Natarajan1, H. Vin1, Y. Wadadekar2;  1TRDDC-TCS, Pune, Maharashtra, India; 2NCRA-TIFR, Pune, Maharashtra, India; 3Embedded Computing Machines, Pune, Maharashtra, India; 4PSL, Pune, Maharashtra, India

There are fundamental similarities to M&C problem for any large distributed system. Also, unique needs and challenges resulting from the scale and nature of the SKA that need to be understood at the current requirements specification stage -- requires the development of architectural strategies that address the unique needs by leveraging state-of-the-art approaches and available off-the-shelf solutions. Here, we present the current understanding of SKA M&C requirements and challenges, and some early thinking on strategies and philosophies to address them. A generic fully-specifications-driven architecture for M&C is discussed as a possibility.

JP2.13       THE ALMA SOFTWARE SYSTEM

B. E. Glendenning, National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Socorro, NM, United States

The ALMA Radio Telescope has a large, integrated, software system to handle all aspects of telescope operation. This software has been developed by a large international consortium of collaborating institutions. This paper briefly describes the scope of the software effort, the technical approach which has been implemented, and the management approach which has been used to oversee its development.

JP2.14       REVIEW OF RECENT DEVELOPMENTS OF THE ELEVEN FEED FOR FUTURE DECADE BANDWIDTH RADIO TELESCOPES

J. Yang1, M. Pantaleev1, P.-S. Kildal1, B. Klein2, L. Helldner1, H. Raza1;  1Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden; 2Hartebeeshoek Radio Astronomy Observatory, Johannesburg, South Africa

The Eleven feed is a compact, low-profile decade-bandwidth log-periodic dual-dipole array antenna. It has many advantages: a constant phase center location, constant beam width over a decade bandwidth, high BOR1 efficiency, low cross polar level and good reflection coefficient, all over a decade bandwidth. This paper reviews the recent developments on the Eleven feed technology, which covers several important issues for the applications of the feed in decade bandwidth radio telescopes.

JP2.15       A COMPACT FULL WAVEGUIDE BAND TURNSTILE JUNCTION ORTHOMODE TRANSDUCER

S. Srikanth, M. Solatka, National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, VA, United States

This paper describes a full waveguide band (8-12 GHz) orthomode transducer (OMT). The design uses a turnstile junction at the input, two 90 H-plane bends in each waveguide arm, and two E-plane Y-junctions. Measured return loss is ≥19 dB and cross polarization ≤ -50 dB in the 7.8-12.2 GHz range. The OMT has a novel and simple mechanical design. The device is compact and has a diameter of 8.0, height of 2.7, and weighs 2.5 lbs.

JP2.16       DEVELOPMENT OF MULTIMODE HONRS AND WIDEBAND FEED FOR RADIO TELESCOPES

H. Ujihara, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Tokyo, Japan;  K. Kimura, H. Ogawa, K. Matsumoto, OSAKA Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan;  T. Ohono, Japan Communication Equipment Co.,Ltd, Atsugi, Japan;  M. Tsuboi, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Sagamihara, Japan;  T. Kasuga, HOSEI University, Tokyo, Japan;  M. Homma, N. Kawaguchi, National Astronomical Observatory, Tokyo, Japan  

Multimode horns were developed for 8.4GHz,22GHz,43GHz receiver systems of ASTRO-G/VSOP-2 satellite for Space-VLBI, and for 6.7GHz of VERA 20m radio telescopes of National Astronomical Observatory in JAPAN and 25m Shanghai Radio telescope in China. Rational bandwidth of these horns in low cross polar level are 20-30%, and their thin walls without corrugation and shortened length are the best for the satellite use. Also, wideband feeds will be presented, which are now developing for SKA and VLBI2010, which is a kind of Tapered Slot Antenna or other of traveling wave antenna.

JP2.17       PROTECTION AND SELF-PROTECTION OF THE MURCHISON RADIO-ASTRONOMY OBSERVATORY FROM RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE

C. D. Wilson, M. Storey, T. Tzioumis, CSIRO, Epping, NSW, Australia

The development of a radioastronomy observatory site requires control of radio frequency interference, from external activities and from operations of the observatory itself. This paper reports on measures being taken in Australia to protect the Murchison Radio-astronomy Observatory. Potential interference from industry will be managed by the ACMA and State Government regulations, within the framework of a principle of co-existence. Technical advisory guidelines will describe acceptable limits on the use of typical radio systems and electrical equipment. Interference from activities on the site, such as power generation, computing, and support functions, are being managed during the design process.

JP2.18       A PROJECT OF THE MILLIMETER WAVE OBSERVATORY AT THE SUFFA PLATEAU IN UZBEKISTAN

Y. N. Artemenko, N. S. Kardashev, Astro Space Center of the Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation;  G. I. Shanin, RT-70 Radio Observatory of Uzbekistan National Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan;  I. I. Zinchenko, Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation  

The project assumes a construction of a 70-m radio telescope operating at short millimeter waves on the Suffa plateau in Uzbekistan at the altitude of 2500 m. We describe the current status of the project, scientific drivers, antenna design and the planned receiver system.

JP2.19       NEW OBSERVING SYSTEM OF THE 45-M TELESCOPE AT NOBEYAMA RADIO OBSERVATORY

N. Kuno1,2, S. Takano1,2, D. Iono1, H. Iwashita1, K. Handa1, B. Hatsukade1, A. Higuchi3, A. Hirota1, S. Ishikawa1, H. Kaneko2, N. Kawaguchi3, R. Kawabe1, K. Kimura4, K. Kohno5, J. Maekawa1, H. Mikoshiba1, C. Miyazawa1, K. Miyazawa1, K. Muraoka4, H. Ogawa4, S. Onodera1, Y. Saito1, S. Takahashi1, T. Yonezu1;  1Nobeyama Radio Observatory, Nagano, Japan; 2The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Tokyo, Japan; 3National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Tokyo, Japan; 4Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan; 5The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

We developed a new observing system to improve the performance of the 45-m telescope at Nobeyama Radio Observatory (NRO). The system consists of new receivers, new IF converters, new A/D converters, and a new spectrometer. The technologies developed for ALMA (the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array) were used for many parts (e.g., receivers and spectrometers). With the new system, we are conducting surveys of distant primeval galaxies and line surveys of various targets.

KP2 – Poster Session 2

Session Chairs: Jitendra Behari, Maila Hietanen

Session     KP2

Type          Poster Presentation

Schedule   Thursday, August 18, 16:00-19:00

Room        Poster Area

KP2.1         IMPLANTABLE CARDIOVERTER-DEFIBRILLATORS EXPOSED TO LOW FREQUENCY MAGNETIC FIELDS

J. Katrib1, P. Schmitt1, I. Magne2, D. Kourtiche1, M. Souques3, M. Nadi1;  1Lien, University Henry Poincare, Nancy, France; 2EDF R&D, Paris, France; 3EDF Etudes des services mdicales, Paris, France

This paper presents a numerical modeling study of electromagnetic interference in implantable cardioverter-defibrillators, exposed to low frequency magnetic fields. A Helmholtz coil was used to generate a uniform magnetic field. The induced voltage was investigated in both a simple homogenous block and in an anatomical model. The results showed that magnetic fields above 5000 T were required for the ICD to possibly present a dysfunction in the homogenous block, while they were only 1400T in the anatomical model. These results could be useful in the frame of new standards (CENELEC, INCIRP) for workers as well as for public.

KP2.2         FAST INTERPOLATION BASED MORPHING OF WHOLE BODY HUMAN MODELS

E. Neufeld, D. Szczerba, B. Bhlmann, M. Zefferer, N. Kuster, Zeughaustr. 43, Zurich, Switzerland

One of the demands for virtual anatomical models is parametrization, e.g., the same "base" model but varying height, pose, body mass index, muscle volume, organ shape, etc. in order to provide a better coverage of the concerned population. We have recently reported on the development of a finite element based framework to parametrize the Virtual Population models. While the solution proposed therein offers unprecedented realism, it suffers from long off-line processing times and required resources. In this study we evaluated a fast interpolation based method to realistically approximate required deformation fields interactively.

KP2.3         A 430 MHZ BAND RECEIVING ANTENNA FOR MICROWAVE POWER TRANSMISSION TO CAPSULAR ENDOSCOPE

T. Kumagai, K. Saito, M. Takahashi, K. Ito, Chiba university, Chiba, Japan

Wireless power transmission is being investigated as a means to operate tiny medical devices such as the capsular endoscope, which is able to exist for a long period during diagnostic procedures within the body. In this paper, we examine the wireless power transmission to a capsular endoscope by microwaves to show its usability for medical applications. A modified helical antenna inside the endoscope is proposed as a power receiving antenna, operating at 430 MHz band. By calculating a maximum received power in the stomach using such antenna, the results show that adequate power can be well received.

KP2.4         A COMPARISON OF INDUCED ELECTRIC FIELDS IN CHILD AND ADULT HEAD MODELS BY TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION

M. Lu, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal;  S. Ueno, Kyushu University, Kyushu, Japan  

In this paper, we present a numerical simulation of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in a real 3D child head model by employing a realistic figure-of-eight coil. The induced electric fields were calculated by impedance method and the results were compared with those obtained in an adult head model. It was found that the electric fields decay quickly in child brain than that in adult brain. This means TMS efficacy is reduced in child whose head circumference and brain volume are smaller than those of the adult human.

KP2.5         EFFECT OF MAGNETIC IMPURITIES IN BASED ON SHUNGITE ELECTROMAGNETIC ABSORBERS ON ITS SHIELDING PROPERTIES

M. S. Mahmoud, BSUIR, Minsk, Belarus

The effect of ferromagnetic impurities in electromagnetic based shungite absorbers is studied. The presence of magnetic powder particles in composite structure influences on attenuation and reflection characteristics of shielding material has been established. It is found that exact quantity of magnetic inclusions in relation to the shungite powder are principal for reflection coefficient and has effect on electromagnetic radiation attenuation. The compound with powders of shungite and nickel-zinc ferrite in different percentages has investigated. The dependence of the shielding characteristics of the composite is shown. The use of these composite materials for creation of electromagnetic shielding constructions are considered.

KP2.6         STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE HAND ON THE SPECIFIC ABSORPTION RATE EVALUATION OF MOBILE PHONES

V. Monebhurrun, SUPELEC, Gif sur Yvette, France;  M. F. Wong, A. Gati, J. Wiart, Orange Labs R&D, Issy Les Moulineaux, France  

A possible increase of the SAR (Specific Absorption Rate) value in the presence of the hand has been reported by several authors but the electromagnetic phenomenon is still unexplained. Numerical simulations are performed using four different mobile phones using the SAM (Specific Anthropomorphic Mannequin) phantom and a hand model at three different frequencies. Additional numerical simulations and measurements performed using a dipole antenna placed in-between a flat head phantom and a flat hand phantom confirm an increase of the SAR for specific values of the distance between the antenna and the hand at a given frequency.

KP2.7         SAR DISTRIBUTIONS IN A CHILD HEAD PHANTOM IN THE VICINITY OF RECENT MOBILE PHONES

K. Wake1, T. Arima1, S. Watanabe1, M. Taki1,2;  1National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Tokyo, Japan; 2Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan

There are growing concerns about possible health effects of electromagnetic field by cellular phones. Epidemiological studies have been in progress to evaluate the hypothetical relationship between RF exposure by cellular phones and brain tumor risk in children. SAR (Specific Absorption Rate, [W/kg]) is one of the important factors to evaluate exposure. The purpose of our study is to characterize SAR inside a child head due to the use of mobile phones. Child heads differ in size from adult heads. We measured SAR distributions inside child and adult head phantom for several cellular phones commercially available in recent year.

KP2.8         DEPENDENCE OF TRANSMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF INTRA-BODY COMMUNICATION SYSTEM ON THE BODY POSTURE AND SURROUNDING ENVIRONMENT

S. Igou, M. Taki, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji-shi Tokyo, Japan;  A. Furuya, N. Shibata, M. Shinagawa, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation, Atsugi-shi Kanagawa, Japan;  M. Hattori, NTT Advanced Technology Corporation, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo, Japan  

The transmission characteristics of an intra-body communication system using electric near-field was investigated with the interest in the dependency on posture of human body and surrounding environment. Numerical approach was employed for the investigation. The received voltage depended on the posture of the human body but the variation was not quite critical as far as the conditions assumed in this study. Presence of a metal door in front of the body showed enhancement of transmission from wearable device to the floor-buried device.

KP2.9         INDUCED VOLTAGE TO AN IMPLANTABLE CARDIAC PACEMAKER IN A VOXCEL HUMAN MODEL BY A NEAR-FIELD INTRA-BODY COMMUNICATION DEVICE

Y. Yoshino, M. Taki, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo, Japan;  A. Furuya, N. Shibata, M. Shinagawa, NTT Microsystem Integration Laboratories, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation, Atsugi-shi, Kanagawa Pref., Japan;  M. Hattori, NTT Advanced Technology Corporation, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan  

The interference voltage at the terminals of a unipolar-type implantable cardiac pacemaker induced by a nearfield intra-body communication device was investigated by numerical calculations. Operating frequency was assumed 5 MHz. The dependency of induced voltage on the electrical constants of a realistic human model was examined. The results showed that the induced voltage was inversely proportional to the absolute value of the complex relative permittivity. The induced voltage was much smaller than the immunity requirement on interference voltage for active medical implants when the applied input voltage to the communication device was within the practical use condition.

KP2.10       LOW-POWER LONG-TERM IMPLANTABLE WIRELESS TELEMETRY FOR MONITORING OF PHYSIOLOGICAL SIGNALS

E. Topsakal1, T. Karacolak1, J. E. Gaxiola-Sosa2, K. Entesari2, R. Cooper1, J. Butler1, S. Fisher1;  1Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, United States; 2Texas A&M, College Station, TX, United States

In this study, we present a long term Implantable Medical Device (IMD) for continuous monitoring of physiological signals such as electrolytes, proteins, glucose, and temperature. The device consists of a small size dual band implantable antenna operating in Medical Implant Communications Service (MICS) (402 MHz 405 MHz) and Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) (2.4 GHz 2.48 GHz) bands with an interface circuit containing a transceiver, a microcontroller, and matching network components.

 


Author Index
(page number in parenthesis)


A

A. ELSAMIA, F. E.                         CP.11(221CP.11)

A.E. VANDENBOSCH, G.             B07.8(100B07.8)

ABAD, R. J.                                   GP1.47(236GP1.47)

ABANG ZAIDEL, D. N.                  CB.6(49CB.6)

ABD-ALHAMEED, R.                    C02.5(28C02.5)

ABD-ALHAMEED, R. A.                FCA.5(203FCA.5)

ABD-ALHMEED, R. A.                  AC.7(195AC.7)

ABDALLA, M. D.                            E03.5(52E03.5)

ABDALLAH, C. T.                          E03.6(52E03.6)

ABDU, M. A.                                  G08.5(145G08.5), G09.4(164G09.4), G09.5(164G09.5), GP1.39(235GP1.39)

ABDUL HABIB, S. N. A.                FG.8(184FG.8)

ABDUL RAHIM, S. K.                    BP2.43(258BP2.43), CB.6(49CB.6)

ABDULLAH, M.                             FG.7(184FG.7), FG.8(184FG.8)

ABE, Y.                                          BP1.36(217BP1.36)

ABGRALL, M.                                A03.6(46A03.6)

ABIELMONA, S.                            B10.6(156B10.6)

ABOU ELAZM, A.                          C05.4(64C05.4)

ABOU ELAZM, A. E-S.                  CP.11(221CP.11)

ABOU EL-NASR, M.                     K04.6(93K04.6)

ABRAMOV, V. G.                          G01.4(15G01.4)

ABRAMS, J.                                  G05.1(88G05.1)

ACHARD, V.                                  DF.5(200DF.5)

ACHARYA, O. P.                           BP2.32(256BP2.32)

ACKAH, J-B.                                 GP1.16(232GP1.16)

ACKERMANN, W.                         B05.4(69B05.4), B12.2(196B12.2)

ADAM, A. A.                                  BP2.43(258BP2.43)

ADANIR, S.                                   BP1.47(219BP1.47)

ADAR, I.                                        B10.1(156B10.1)

ADATO, R.                                    DB2.6(83DB2.6)

ADDAMO, G.                                J02.4(42J02.4)

ADEDIJI, A. T.                               AC.4(194AC.4)

ADHIKARI, A.                                F02.4(33F02.4)

ADOHI, B. J. -P.                            GP2.35(272GP2.35)

AGARWAL, A.                               AD.10(174AD.10)

AGARWAL, K.                               F07.2(128F07.2)

AGUERGARAY, C.                       D08.6(142D08.6)

AGUILAR, S. M.                            KBE.2(40KBE.2)

AHMAD, S.                                    KBE.7(41KBE.7)

AHUJA, A. L.                                 JP2.12(282JP2.12)

AIDA, M.                                        AGJ.7(119AGJ.7)

AIKAWA, M.                                  CP.14(222CP.14)

AIKAWA, S.                                   C05.1(64C05.1)

AIOUAZ, O.                                   B04.4(68B04.4)

AJEWOLE, O. M.                          AC.4(194AC.4), F02.8(34F02.8)

AJITO, K.                                      DAF1.3(159DAF1.3)

AKAMATSU, D.                             AD.2(173AD.2)

AKAN, O. B.                                  C06.1(70C06.1)

AKAN, V.                                       BP2.12(253BP2.12)

AKCHURIN, A.                              GP1.57(238GP1.57), GP1.58(238GP1.58)

AKCHURIN, A. D.                         GP1.23(233GP1.23), GP2.2(267GP2.2), GP2.6(267GP2.6)

AKGIRAY, A.                                 J03.10(61J03.10)

AKGOL, O.                                    B03.10(48B03.10)

AKGUN, O.                                   BP2.7(253BP2.7)

AKHMEDIEV, N.                            D08.2(142D08.2)

AKITA, M.                                      E02.6(31E02.6), EGH.5(72EGH.5)

AKKAYA, E.                                   K04.2(93K04.2)

AKPACA, C.                                  GP1.62(238GP1.62)

AKSOY, M.                                    F01.3(13F01.3)

AKSOY, S.                                     BP1.48(219BP1.48)

AKSU, S.                                       DB2.6(83DB2.6), DP3.5(260DP3.5)

AKSUN, M. I.                                 BP1.47(219BP1.47)

AKTUG, B.                                    FG.10(184FG.10)

AKUNE, K.                                     BP1.38(218BP1.38)

ALANKO, S.                                  K07.4(151K07.4)

ALANKO, T.                                  K05.8(115K05.8)

ALATAN, L.                                   BP1.47(219BP1.47)

ALBANI, M.                                    B03.11(48B03.11), B06.2(80B06.2), BP2.18(254BP2.18), BP2.19(254BP2.19)

ALBAYRAK, Y.                              BP2.48(258BP2.48)

ALBERS, D. P.                              F07.6(129F07.6)

ALBERT, J. M.                              H03.10(59H03.10)

ALCNTARA, J. D.                         GP1.47(236GP1.47)

ALDERMAN, B.                             F01.6(13F01.6)

ALDOSOKY, M. A. A.                    KP1.5(248KP1.5)

ALEF, W.                                       JP1.12(245JP1.12)

ALFONSI, L.                                  G07.2(130G07.2)

ALI, M.                                           BP2.36(257BP2.36), C12.6(177C12.6)

ALIŠAUSKAS, S.                           D03.10(51D03.10)

AL-JARRO, A.                               BP1.29(216BP1.29)

AL-JOUMAYLY, M. A.                   KBE.2(40KBE.2)

ALKUMRU, A.                               B11.5(175B11.5)

ALLOATTI, L.                                D07.2(124D07.2)

ALMEIDA, A. A.                             GP1.41(236GP1.41)

ALONSO, R. F.                             GP2.7(268GP2.7)

ALQUDA, A.                                  F01.5(13F01.5)

ALSATKIN, S.                                HP2.15(278HP2.15)

ALTINTAS, A.                                B03.9(48B03.9)

ALTUG, H.                                    DB2.6(83DB2.6), DP3.5(260DP3.5)

ALTUN, H.                                     C12.8(178C12.8)

ALU, A.                                          BD1.1(26BD1.1), BD1.8(27BD1.8)

ALVAREZ-MELCON, A.                BP2.3(252BP2.3)

AMADEI, A.                                   K01.1(21K01.1), K01.2(21K01.2)

AMADOR, E.                                 E01.4(11E01.4)

AMAGAI, J.                                   AGJ.7(119AGJ.7)

AMATUCCI, B.                              HP2.3(276HP2.3)

AMATUCCI, W. E.                        H09.6(165H09.6)

AMAYA, C.                                    F03.2(54F03.2)

AMBROSINI, R.                            A03.9(46A03.9)

AMBROZIAK, S. J.                        F03.6(55F03.6)

AMERT, A. K.                                BP2.4(252BP2.4)

AMIRANASHVILI, S.                     D08.5(142D08.5)

AMORIM, D. C. M.                        GP1.37(235GP1.37), GP1.41(236GP1.41)

AMOURETTE, C.                          K06.6(138K06.6)

AMRULLAH, F. F.                         F02.3(33F02.3)

ANAD, F.                                       HP2.13(278HP2.13)

ANAGNOSTOU, D. E.                  DP2.2(225DP2.2)

ANAKSAGORA, S.                        GP1.20(233GP1.20)

ANANTHAKRISHNAN, S.             J05.2(92J05.2)

ANDERSEN, J. B.                         F02.1(33F02.1)

ANDERSON, C.                            GP1.12(231GP1.12)

ANDERSON, D.                            J11.4(208J11.4)

ANDERSON, J. M.                        J01.6(19J01.6)

ANDREEV, A.                                G09.1(164G09.1)

ANDREEVA, E. S.                         GP2.27(271GP2.27), HG4.5(148HG4.5)

ANDREOTTI, A.                            E02.4(31E02.4)

ANDREWS, S. M.                         J10.1(188J10.1)

ANDRIAMBELOSON, J.               E08.1(143E08.1)

ANDRIUKAITIS, G.                       D03.10(51D03.10)

ANDRONOV, I. V.                         BP1.12(214BP1.12)

ANGELINI, E.                                KAE.6(191KAE.6)

ANGLING, M.                                G04.5(74G04.5)

ANISHCHENKO, L.                       K04.5(93K04.5)

ANITHA, V. R.                               A02.1(25A02.1), A02.2(25A02.2), A02.3(25A02.3), A02.4(25A02.4), A02.5(25A02.5), A02.6(25A02.6), AB2.3(97AB2.3), AB2.5(97AB2.5), AB2.6(97AB2.6), AB2.7(98AB2.7)

ANQUEZ, J.                                  KAE.6(191KAE.6)

ANTAR, Y.                                     BP1.11(214BP1.11)

ANTAR, Y. M.                                DP2.8(226DP2.8)

ANTAR, Y. M. M.                           BP2.11(253BP2.11)

ANTONITA, M.                              FP2.4(266FP2.4)

AOAD, A.                                       AB2.8(98AB2.8)

APAYDIN, N.                                 DB3.7(117DB3.7)

APOLLONIO, F.                            K01.1(21K01.1), K01.2(21K01.2)

APONTE, N.                                  GP1.44(236GP1.44)

AQUINO, M.                                  FG.3(183FG.3), JG.1(171JG.1)

ARAGON, M.                                E08.3(143E08.3)

ARAKI, H.                                      DP4.10(263DP4.10)

ARAZ, I.                                         C11.6(157C11.6), HP2.1(276HP2.1)

ARBESSER-RASTBURG, B.        FG.1(183FG.1)

ARDENNE, A. V.                           J02.4(42J02.4)

AREF, T.                                       A04.6(67A04.6)

ARHAB, S.                                     B11.6(175B11.6)

ARIAS CAMPO, M.                       B07.3(99B07.3)

ARIAS, F.                                      A03.1(45A03.1)

ARICAN, G. O.                              CD.3(44CD.3)

ARIKAN, F.                                    FG.10(184FG.10), G02.1(35G02.1), GP1.24(233GP1.24)

ARIKAN, O.                                   FG.10(184FG.10), G02.1(35G02.1)

ARIMA, T.                                      KAE.9(191KAE.9), KP1.11(249KP1.11), KP2.7(285KP2.7)

ARMANIOUS, M.                          E03.5(52E03.5)

ARNAUT, L. R.                              E10.4(181E10.4), E10.8(182E10.8), EP2.10(265EP2.10)

ARORA, P.                                    AD.10(174AD.10)

ARSAL, A.                                     FCA.2(203FCA.2)

ARTAR, A.                                     DB2.6(83DB2.6)

ARTEMENKO, Y. N.                     JP2.18(283JP2.18)

ARULIAH, A.                                 GP1.12(231GP1.12)

ARVAS, E.                                     B04.6(68B04.6), B05.3(69B05.3), BP1.22(215BP1.22)

ARVAS, S.                                     BP1.45(219BP1.45), DP2.4(225DP2.4)

AS, N.                                            E07.7(127E07.7)

ASCHEID, G.                                CA.1(122CA.1)

ASHOUR-ABDALLA, M.               H02.8(38H02.8)

ASKARPOUR, A. N.                      BP1.13(214BP1.13)

ASMAR, S.                                    J04.4(76J04.4)

ASSEFA, S.                                   D07.4(124D07.4)

ASSIMAKOPOULOS, P.               FP1.4(229FP1.4)

ASSIS, M. S.                                  F03.8(55F03.8)

ASTHANA, V.                                BJ.3(140BJ.3)

ATALAR, E.                                   K05.5(114K05.5)

ATEFI, S.                                       K03.2(62K03.2)

ATHIENO, R.                                G06.3(108G06.3)

ATHLEY, F.                                   CB.2(49CB.2)

ATHREYA, R.                                J11.5(208J11.5)

ATKINSON, R.                              E07.4(126E07.4)

AVERIN, D. V.                               A04.6(67A04.6)

AWAKURA, S.                               K06.1(137K06.1)

AYDIN, G.                                     BP1.22(215BP1.22)

AYERDEN, N. P.                           D07.9(125D07.9)

AZOULAY, A.                                DBC.3(71DBC.3)

AZZARONE, A.                             GP2.33(271GP2.33)

B

BAðCý, H.                                       BP1.29(216BP1.29)

BAþARAN, E.                                AB3.2(154AB3.2)

BAAN, W.                                      J04.2(76J04.2)

BAAN, W. A.                                  J08.3(150J08.3)

BABA, Y.                                        E02.2(31E02.2)

BABUR, G.                                    F05.7(87F05.7)

BADDELEY, L.                              GP1.12(231GP1.12)

BADDELEY, L. J.                          HG3.7(133HG3.7)

BAETS, R.                                     D07.2(124D07.2)

BAEV, A.                                        F03.10(55F03.10)

BAGCI, H.                                     BP1.19(215BP1.19), BP1.32(217BP1.32), EB.2(104EB.2)

BAHAR, E.                                     K08.3(168K08.3)

BAHARI, S. A.                               FG.7(184FG.7), FG.8(184FG.8)

BAHCIVAN, H.                              G03.11(57G03.11), G03.3(56G03.3)

BAKHAREV, P. V.                         H09.5(165H09.5)

BAKKER, L.                                   BJ.5(140BJ.5)

BAKTUR, R.                                  BP2.20(255BP2.20), HP1.4(239HP1.4)

BALANIS, C. A.                             B03.1(47B03.1)

BALASUBRAMANIAN, R.             JP2.12(282JP2.12)

BALCIUNAS, T.                             D03.10(51D03.10)

BALMAIN, K.                                 HP2.11(277HP2.11)

BALTUSKA, A.                              D03.10(51D03.10)

BANCES, E.                                  A03.5(45A03.5)

BANDA, J.                                     J10.4(188J10.4)

BANDYOPADHYAY, B.                 AP.1(250AP.1), BP2.30(256BP2.30), FP1.1(229FP1.1), HP2.9(277HP2.9)

BANERJEE, A.                              AB3.4(154AB3.4)

BANERJEE, P.                              A03.7(46A03.7)

BANK, M.                                       AB2.9(98AB2.9)

BARAN, E.                                     E11.5(201E11.5)

BARBER, Z. W.                             AD.8(174AD.8)

BARBIERI, C.                                AGJ.1(118AGJ.1)

BARBUL, A.                                   K06.7(138K06.7)

BARGBOER, G.                            E09.1(161E09.1)

BARKLUND, A.                             D07.2(124D07.2)

BARMES, I.                                   AD.7(174AD.7)

BARONE, P. M.                             EP1.11(228EP1.11)

BARRIERE, P-A.                           KBE.1(40KBE.1)

BARTEKS, A.                                D03.5(50D03.5)

BARUI, S.                                      BP2.30(256BP2.30), FP1.1(229FP1.1)

BARWICZ, T.                                D07.3(124D07.3)

BASAK, T.                                    GP2.10(268GP2.10), GP2.12(268GP2.12), GP2.13(268GP2.13), GP2.15(269GP2.15), GP2.16(269GP2.16), GP2.17(269GP2.17)

BASARAN, S. C.                           BP2.48(258BP2.48)

BASDEMIR, H. D.                         BP1.8(214BP1.8)

BASE, J.                                        GP1.26(233GP1.26)

BASTRUKOV, S.                           AGJ.2(118AGJ.2)

BASU, P. K.                                   DP3.1(260DP3.1)

BASU, R.                                       DP3.1(260DP3.1), J11.5(208J11.5)

BASU, S.                                       G05.3(88G05.3), G06.8(109G06.8)

BASYIGIT, I. B.                             CA.8(123CA.8), E11.7(202E11.7)

BATEMANE, T.                             JP1.4(244JP1.4)

BATISTA, I.                                   G08.5(145G08.5)

BATISTA, I. S.                               GP1.39(235GP1.39)

BATRA, B.                                     C01.1(8C01.1)

BAUDOIN, G.                                C11.3(157C11.3)

BAUDRY, A.                                  J10.2(188J10.2), JP1.12(245JP1.12)

BAUM, C. E.                                  E03.6(52E03.6)

BAUMANN, E.                               AD.8(174AD.8)

BAVA, J. A.                                    F08.1(153F08.1)

BAYER, S. E.                                 B04.5(68B04.5)

BEARD, R. L.                                A03.2(45A03.2)

BEASLEY, W. H.                           GHE2.4(192GHE2.4)

BECK, A.                                       D03.11(51D03.11)

BECK, R.                                       J01.6(19J01.6)

BEHAR, J.                                     K08.2(168K08.2)

BEHARI, J.                                    K06.8(138K06.8)

BEHDAD, N.                                  KBE.2(40KBE.2)

BEIGANG, R.                                DAF1.2(159DAF1.2), DAF2.1(179DAF2.1)

BEJOT, P.                                     D08.1(142D08.1)

BELEAKI, A.                                  GP1.53(237GP1.53)

BELKEBIR, K.                                B11.6(175B11.6)

BELL, T.                                        GP2.8(268GP2.8), HP1.23(242HP1.23)

BELL, T. F.                                    HG1.1(90HG1.1), HG1.2(90HG1.2), HG3.4(132HG3.4)

BELYEY, V.                                   G03.9(57G03.9)

BEN AYED, M.                              C11.7(158C11.7)

BENCHEIKH, K.                            D03.8(51D03.8)

BENEDICK, A.                               D03.3(50D03.3)

BENEDICK, A. J.                           ABD.3(5ABD.3)

BENKEVITCH, L.                          J11.2(208J11.2)

BEN-ROMDHANE, M.                  C06.5(70C06.5)

BENSON, R. F.                             HG1.4(90HG1.4), HG2.1(110HG2.1), HG2.2(110HG2.2), HG2.4(110HG2.4), HP2.7(277HP2.7)

BENTUM, M.                                 E08.2(143E08.2), J04.2(76J04.2)

BERA, R.                                       F05.4(86F05.4)

BERA, S.                                       F05.4(86F05.4)

BERBINEAU, M.                            CBD.2(82CBD.2)

BERGAMIN, L.                              B01.4(7B01.4)

BERGINC, G.                                B11.10(176B11.10)

BERGQUIST, J. C.                       ABD.4(5ABD.4)

BERNAL MENDEZ, J.                   E11.4(201E11.4)

BERNGARDT, O. I.                      G01.4(15G01.4), GP1.46(236GP1.46)

BERNHARDI, E. H.                       DP3.3(260DP3.3)

BERNHARDT, P.                          HG3.6(133HG3.6)

BERNHARDT, P. A.                      BP2.22(255BP2.22), G05.1(88G05.1), HG3.5(132HG3.5), HG3.9(133HG3.9)

BERTHELIER, J-J.                       G02.9(36G02.9), HP1.26(242HP1.26)

BESNIER, P.                                 E01.4(11E01.4)

BHARUTHRAM, R.                       HP1.13(240HP1.13)

BHASKAR, D.                                F05.4(86F05.4)

BHATNAGAR, S.                          J06.5(112J06.5)

BHATTACHARYA, A.                    F03.3(54F03.3)

BHATTACHARYA, D.                   JP2.5(281JP2.5)

BHATTI, S. A.                                E07.4(126E07.4)

BHLMANN, B.                               KAE.4(190KAE.4), KP2.2(284KP2.2)

BHOSALE, J.                                A02.2(25A02.2), A02.3(25A02.3), A02.6(25A02.6)

BHOSALE, J. S.                            A02.4(25A02.4)

BHOWMICK, D.                            GP1.8(231GP1.8)

BIAGGIO, I.                                   D07.2(124D07.2)

BIANCHI, C.                                  GP1.54(237GP1.54), GP2.33(271GP2.33)

BIBL, K.                                         HG3.8(133HG3.8)

BICEN, A. O.                                 C06.1(70C06.1)

BIGELOW, W. S.                          E03.11(53E03.11)

BIGNALL, H. E.                             J11.1(208J11.1)

BIJ DE VAATE, J. G.                    J02.4(42J02.4), J03.8(61J03.8)

BILGI, M. M.                                  BP2.29(256BP2.29)

BILGIC, M. M.                               B07.10(100B07.10), BP2.44(258BP2.44)

BILITZA, D.                                   G02.2(35G02.2), G02.4(35G02.4), G02.9(36G02.9), GP1.51(237GP1.51), HG2.1(110HG2.1), HG2.2(110HG2.2), HG2.4(110HG2.4)

BIOUELE, C. M.                            HP2.13(278HP2.13)

BIRD, M. K.                                   J05.4(92J05.4)

BIRGE, J. R.                                 DB1.4(29DB1.4)

BISWAS, B.                                   C01.3(8C01.3), C01.4(8C01.4), C01.5(8C01.5)

BISWAS, B. N.                              CD.4(44CD.4)

BISWAS, S.                                   H09.1(165H09.1)

BITIRGAN, M.                               CA.8(123CA.8), F02.9(34F02.9)

BIZE, S.                                         AD.1(173AD.1)

BLACKWELL, D.                           HP2.3(276HP2.3)

BLAGOVESCHENSKAYA, N. F.   G01.4(15G01.4)

BLAGOVESHCHENSKAYA, N. F.          HG4.5(148HG4.5)

BLAGOVESHCHENSKY, D. V.     GP2.5(267GP2.5)

BLAKESLEE, R. J.                        GHE1.1(147GHE1.1)

BLANC, E.                                     GHE1.5(147GHE1.5)

BLELLY, P-L.                                 GHE1.5(147GHE1.5)

BLOCH, I.                                      KAE.6(191KAE.6)

BLOSS, M.                                    JP1.3(244JP1.3)

BLUMBERG, D. G.                       J05.1(92J05.1)

BOCHKAREV, V. V.                      GP1.23(233GP1.23), GP2.2(267GP2.2)

BOCK, D. C. -J.                            J07.12(135J07.12)

BOEGE, A.                                    E07.6(126E07.6)

BOGAERTS, W.                           D07.2(124D07.2)

BOLLI, P.                                       A03.9(46A03.9)

BOLOMEY, J-C.                           D01.3(9D01.3), KBE.1(40KBE.1)

BOLTON, R.                                 J03.6(60J03.6), J10.8(189J10.8)

BONEV, I. B.                                 BP2.27(256BP2.27)

BONGARD, F.                              BD1.7(27BD1.7)

BONK, R.                                      D07.2(124D07.2)

BONNET, P.                                  E01.2(11E01.2)

BOONSTRA, A-J.                         E08.2(143E08.2), J04.2(76J04.2)

BOPPEL, B.                                   DAF2.9(180DAF2.9)

BORBA, G.                                    G08.5(145G08.5)

BORGHYS, D. C.                          DF.5(200DF.5)

BORTNIK, J.                                 H03.11(59H03.11), H03.9(59H03.9)

BORTOLI, D.                                F06.8(107F06.8)

BORTOLUCCI, E. C.                    JP2.10(282JP2.10)

BOSE, M.                                      HP2.9(277HP2.9)

BOSKA, J.                                     G07.10(131G07.10)

BOUBANGA TOMBET, S. A.        DAF1.7(160DAF1.7)

BOUBEKEUR, T.                          KAE.6(191KAE.6)

BOUGARD, B.                              G07.2(130G07.2)

BOULANGER, B.                          D03.8(51D03.8)

BOULANGER, J-S.                       A03.5(45A03.5)

BOUMAIZA, S.                              C11.7(158C11.7)

BOURGEOIS, P-Y.                       ABD.2(5ABD.2)

BOURLIER, C.                              F06.3(106F06.3), F06.4(106F06.4)

BOURQUI, J.                                KBE.6(40KBE.6)

BOURTHOUMIEU, S. S.              K06.5(137K06.5)

BOUZIANAS, G. D.                       EP2.3(264EP2.3)

BOWEN, L. H.                               E03.11(53E03.11)

BOWMAN, J. D.                            J01.4(19J01.4)

BOZKURT, K.                               GP1.62(238GP1.62)

BRADARIC, I.                                EP2.1(264EP2.1)

BRANDSTROM, U.                       G03.4(56G03.4)

BRANDT, P.                                  JP1.3(244JP1.3)

BRANITSKY, A. V.                        HP2.10(277HP2.10)

BREGLIA, A.                                 BP2.42(258BP2.42)

BREGMAN, J. D.                          JP1.17(246JP1.17)

BREITHUBER, C.                         K05.7(115K05.7)

BRENNAN, P.                               C12.4(177C12.4)

BRENTJENS, M. A.                      J01.7(20J01.7)

BRICZINSKI, S.                             HG3.6(133HG3.6)

BRICZINSKI, S. J.                         GP2.30(271GP2.30), HG3.5(132HG3.5)

BRIDA, D.                                      D03.1(50D03.1)

BRIDGWOOD, C.                         G06.8(109G06.8)

BRIGGS, M. S.                              GHE1.1(147GHE1.1)

BRIJRAJ, S.                                  HP2.19(279HP2.19)

BRISSINGER, D.                          DP3.6(260DP3.6)

BRITO, R.                                     J10.4(188J10.4)

BROCKETT, T.                             AB1.2(78AB1.2)

BROEKEMA, P. C.                        JP1.1(244JP1.1)

BROGIONI, M.                              F04.3(73F04.3), F06.1(106F06.1)

BROWN, A.                                   JP1.4(244JP1.4)

BROWN, D. G.                             E03.6(52E03.6)

BROWN, S. A.                              G02.4(35G02.4)

BROWN, S. T.                              F07.6(129F07.6)

BRUNAZZI, D.                              EP2.7(265EP2.7)

BRYN’KO, I.                                  GP1.25(233GP1.25)

BRYN'KO, I.                                  GP2.24(270GP2.24), HG3.11(133HG3.11)

BUEHRER, R. M.                          K04.6(93K04.6)

BUESINK, F. J. K.                         A04.1(66A04.1)

BUGAEV, A.                                  BP1.30(217BP1.30), K04.5(93K04.5)

BUKHARIN, V. A.                          BP1.23(216BP1.23)

BULLETT, T. W.                           G04.3(74G04.3), GP1.31(234GP1.31)

BULTITUDE, R.                            CA.6(123CA.6)

BULTITUDE, R. J. C.                    C12.2(177C12.2)

BUNCH, N. L.                                HP1.28(243HP1.28)

BUNTON, J. D.                             JP1.4(244JP1.4)

BURESOVA, D.                             G07.10(131G07.10)

BURGESS, T.                               JP1.13(245JP1.13), JP1.14(246JP1.14)

BURITI, R.                                     G08.5(145G08.5)

BURKE-SPOLAOR, S.                  GP2.41(273GP2.41), JP2.4(281JP2.4)

BURLA, M.                                    DP3.3(260DP3.3)

BUROKUR, S. N.                          DP4.2(262DP4.2), DP4.3(262DP4.3)

BURR, A.                                       C12.6(177C12.6)

BURSHE, G.                                 A02.5(25A02.5), AB2.5(97AB2.5), AB2.7(98AB2.7)

BUSSA, S.                                     JP1.3(244JP1.3)

BUTLER, B. J.                               J11.6(209J11.6), JP2.1(281JP2.1)

BUTLER, J.                                   KP2.10(285KP2.10)

C

C K, A.                                           AB2.10(98AB2.10), AB2.2(97AB2.2), AP.7(251AP.7)

CABOT, E.                                    K05.1(114K05.1), K05.2(114K05.2)

CADOSSI, R.                                K08.1(168K08.1)

CAIRNS, I. H.                                J11.2(208J11.2)

CALDEIRINHA, R. F.                    FCA.1(203FCA.1)

CALDEIRINHA, R. F. S.                F03.4(54F03.4)

CALDERS, S.                                G08.3(145G08.3)

CALOZ, C.                                    AB3.7(155AB3.7), B01.3(7B01.3), B10.6(156B10.6), BD1.9(27BD1.9), BP2.3(252BP2.3), DB1.7(30DB1.7)

CAMINITA, F.                                BD1.3(26BD1.3)

CAMPBELL, D. B.                         BJ.2(140BJ.2), J05.5(92J05.5), J07.13(135J07.13)

CAMPIONE, S.                              B06.2(80B06.2)

CAN, Z.                                         GP1.62(238GP1.62)

CANALIAS, C.                               D08.4(142D08.4)

CANAVERO, F. G.                        E10.7(182E10.7), E11.1(201E11.1)

CANBAY, C.                                  KBE.9(41KBE.9)

CANDER, L.                                  GP1.50(237GP1.50)

CANGELLARIS, A. C.                   BD2.7(121BD2.7), EB.3(104EB.3)

CANTA, S. M.                                B03.6(47B03.6)

CANU, P.                                       HG2.9(111HG2.9)

CAO, J.                                         H03.8(59H03.8)

CAO, J. B.                                     H10.2(186H10.2)

CAPASSO, F.                                DB2.3(83DB2.3)

CAPDEVILA, S.                             D01.3(9D01.3)

CAPOLINO, F.                              B06.2(80B06.2), BP2.18(254BP2.18), DB3.3(116DB3.3)

CAPOZZOLI, A.                            BP2.42(258BP2.42)

CAPRARO, G. T.                          EP2.1(264EP2.1)

CAPSONI, C.                                F02.7(34F02.7)

CAPSTICK, M.                              K03.3(62K03.3)

CARATELLI, D.                             B12.6(196B12.6)

CARLSON, B.                               J07.21(136J07.21), JP1.14(246JP1.14)

CARLSON, B. E.                           E09.3(161E09.3), GHE1.3(147GHE1.3), GHE1.4(147GHE1.4)

CARLUCCIO, G.                           B03.11(48B03.11)

CARPENTER, D. L.                      HG1.1(90HG1.1), HG1.2(90HG1.2), HG1.3(90HG1.3)

CARRANO, C.                              G06.8(109G06.8)

CARTA, A.                                     BP2.21(255BP2.21), KB.4(210KB.4)

CARTER, D.                                  BJ.3(140BJ.3)

CARVALHO, N. B.                        C10.2(141C10.2), CP.7(221CP.7)

CASALETTI, M.                             B10.3(156B10.3), EB.6(104EB.6)

CASSAN, E.                                  D03.11(51D03.11)

CASTRO, J.                                  J10.4(188J10.4)

CATALKAYA, I.                             BP2.16(254BP2.16)

CATAPANO, I.                              B11.4(175B11.4)

CATES, J.                                     K07.3(151K07.3)

CATON, R.                                    G06.8(109G06.8)

CECCONI, B.                                JP2.7(282JP2.7)

CECIL, S.                                      K05.7(115K05.7)

CELIK, A.                                       B04.5(68B04.5)

CELIK, N.                                      B07.2(99B07.2)

CELIK, S.                                       CA.8(123CA.8), F02.9(34F02.9)

CENGIZ, O.                                  CD.3(44CD.3)

CERNIGLIARO, A.                        A03.11(46A03.11)

CERULLO, G.                               D03.1(50D03.1)

CERVERA, M. A.                           G07.1(130G07.1), G07.7(131G07.7)

CETIN, A. E.                                  DP3.5(260DP3.5)

CETINKAYA, H.                            BP1.40(218BP1.40), BP1.42(218BP1.42), BP1.43(218BP1.43), DAF2.5(179DAF2.5), F05.2(86F05.2)

CHADWICK, R.                             G06.4(108G06.4), GP1.19(232GP1.19)

CHAHAL, P.                                  B07.1(99B07.1)

CHAKI, R.                                      AC.5(194AC.5)

CHAKRABARTI, S.                       GP2.14(269GP2.14), GP2.52(274GP2.52)

CHAKRABARTI, S. K.                   G08.4(145G08.4), GP2.10(268GP2.10), GP2.12(268GP2.12), GP2.13(268GP2.13), GP2.14(269GP2.14), GP2.15(269GP2.15), GP2.16(269GP2.16), GP2.17(269GP2.17), GP2.18(269GP2.18), GP2.22(270GP2.22), GP2.52(274GP2.52), GP2.53(274GP2.53), GP2.55(275GP2.55)

CHAKRABORTY, S.                     CP.8(221CP.8)

CHAKRAVARTY, K.                      F07.4(128F07.4)

CHAKRAVARTY, T.                      BD2.11(121BD2.11)

CHAN, E. H.                                  DP1.5(223DP1.5)

CHAN, S.                                       DAF1.7(160DAF1.7)

CHANDRA, S.                               JP2.3(281JP2.3)

CHANDRASEKAR, V.                   F01.5(13F01.5)

CHANDRASEKHARAN NAIR, V.  G01.3(15G01.3), GP1.36(235GP1.36)

CHANDWANI, J.                           A02.1(25A02.1)

CHANG, C. L.                               HG3.1(132HG3.1), HP2.14(278HP2.14)

CHANG, G.                                   D03.3(50D03.3)

CHANG, G. S.                               G05.5(88G05.5)

CHANG, H-C.                               DP3.4(260DP3.4)

CHANG, S-C.                                GHE2.1(192GHE2.1)

CHANG, S-J.                                AP.3(250AP.3)

CHANG, T-Y.                                D07.11(125D07.11)

CHAO, D.                                      D03.3(50D03.3)

CHARRIER, D.                              JP1.18(246JP1.18)

CHATTERJEE, S.                         C01.3(8C01.3), C01.4(8C01.4), C01.5(8C01.5), CD.4(44CD.4)

CHATTOPADHYAY, G.                AP.1(250AP.1), DAF2.4(179DAF2.4), F07.11(129F07.11), FP1.1(229FP1.1)

CHAU, J.                                       G08.2(145G08.2), GP2.28(271GP2.28)

CHAU, J. L.                                   G03.8(57G03.8), G09.3(164G09.3), GP1.6(230GP1.6), GP2.7(268GP2.7), H01.7(18H01.7)

CHAU, S-L.                                   D03.9(51D03.9)

CHAUDHURI, S. R.                      JP2.12(282JP2.12)

CHAULYA, S. K.                            C05.5(64C05.5)

CHEN, A.                                       GHE2.1(192GHE2.1)

CHEN, C. Y.                                  G05.5(88G05.5)

CHEN, C-H.                                  AP.4(250AP.4)

CHEN, C-P.                                   DP3.4(260DP3.4)

CHEN, G.                                      F07.7(129F07.7), HG1.7(91HG1.7)

CHEN, H.                                      J11.4(208J11.4), JP1.3(244JP1.3)

CHEN, H-M.                                  AP.4(250AP.4)

CHEN, L.                                       DP4.1(262DP4.1), H03.3(58H03.3)

CHEN, L-J.                                    DB1.3(29DB1.3)

CHEN, M-C.                                  D03.10(51D03.10)

CHEN, S. P.                                  G05.5(88G05.5)

CHEN, T.                                       AC.1(194AC.1)

CHEN, W-S.                                  GP1.21(233GP1.21), GP1.7(231GP1.7)

CHEN, X.                                       B11.1(175B11.1), F07.2(128F07.2)

CHEN, Y.                                       KBE.7(41KBE.7)

CHEN, Y-C.                                   AP.2(250AP.2), AP.3(250AP.3), AP.4(250AP.4)

CHEN, Y-I.                                    GHE3.5(204GHE3.5)

CHEN, Z.                                       J05.6(92J05.6), JP2.9(282JP2.9)

CHENG, C.                                   AC.1(194AC.1)

CHENG, G. G.                              K04.3(93K04.3)

CHENGALUR, J.                          JP2.12(282JP2.12), JP2.5(281JP2.5)

CHERNIAK, I. V.                           G02.3(35G02.3), GP1.11(231GP1.11), GP1.14(232GP1.14), GP1.60(238GP1.60), GP2.26(270GP2.26), GP2.51(274GP2.51)

CHEW, W. C.                                BP1.9(214BP1.9)

CHI, P-L.                                       DB3.6(116DB3.6)

CHI, Y.                                           HP2.25(280HP2.25)

CHIANG, C. W.                             F07.8(129F07.8)

CHIANG, Y-J.                               DAF2.2(179DAF2.2)

CHIARI, M.                                    K08.4(168K08.4)

CHILD, M. B.                                 FCA.5(203FCA.5)

CHIPPENDALE, A. P.                   BJ.1(140BJ.1)

CHISTYAKOVA, L.                        GP1.25(233GP1.25), GP2.24(270GP2.24)

CHO, D. H.                                    EP2.8(265EP2.8)

CHO, I. H.                                     GP1.27(234GP1.27)

CHODOROWSKI, A.                    K07.6(152K07.6)

CHOI, H-D.                                   KAE.2(190KAE.2)

CHOI, K.                                        BD2.11(121BD2.11)

CHOI, S.                                        BD2.4(120BD2.4)

CHOU, J-K.                                   GHE2.1(192GHE2.1)

CHOUDHURY, A.                         GP2.9(268GP2.9)

CHOUDHURY, A. K.                     GP2.55(275GP2.55)

CHOUDHURY, B. J.                     FP1.2(229FP1.2)

CHRISSOULIDIS, D. P.                F03.1(54F03.1)

CHRIST, A.                                   K05.1(114K05.1), K05.2(114K05.2)

CHRISTODOULOU, C. G.           E03.6(52E03.6)

CHRISTOPOULOS, C.                 E01.1(11E01.1), E10.3(181E10.3), E11.6(202E11.6), EB.1(104EB.1)

CHU, F-D.                                     GP1.21(233GP1.21), GP1.7(231GP1.7)

CHUGUNOV, Y.                           HG3.10(133HG3.10)

CHUKHLANTSEV, A.                    FP2.2(266FP2.2)

CHUKWUMA, V. U.                      GP1.35(235GP1.35)

CHUM, J.                                      GP1.26(233GP1.26), HP2.23(279HP2.23)

CHUN, B-K.                                   DB3.3(116DB3.3)

CHUN, Y. B.                                  EP2.8(265EP2.8)

CHUNG, S-Y.                                DP3.4(260DP3.4)

CILLIERS, P. J.                             GP1.3(230GP1.3)

CINAR, G.                                     BP2.1(252BP2.1)

CIRAOLO, L.                                 GHE3.6(205GHE3.6)

CITKAYA, A. Y.                             F04.2(73F04.2)

CIYDEM, M.                                  B07.10(100B07.10)

CLARKE, T. E.                              J02.3(42J02.3)

CLARKSON, S.                             KBE.4(40KBE.4)

CLILVERD, M.                               H03.9(59H03.9), H11.5(206H11.5), HP1.1(239HP1.1)

CLILVERD, M. A.                          H03.11(59H03.11), H11.4(206H11.4), HP1.26(242HP1.26)

CLOETE, K.                                  J03.5(60J03.5)

CLOSE, S.                                     GP1.45(236GP1.45), H11.2(206H11.2)

CLUZEL, B.                                   D07.7(125D07.7), DP3.6(260DP3.6), DP3.8(261DP3.8)

COBB, J.                                       J11.4(208J11.4)

COCCETTI, F.                              BD2.3(120BD2.3), DB1.6(29DB1.6)

COCHERIL, Y.                              CBD.2(82CBD.2)

CODDINGTON, I.                         AD.8(174AD.8)

CODER, J.                                    E01.5(11E01.5)

CODOGNO, G.                            AGJ.1(118AGJ.1)

COETZEE, H.                               G04.4(74G04.4)

COGNARD, I.                               AGJ.5(118AGJ.5)

COHEN, J.                                    J05.1(92J05.1)

COHEN, M. B.                               E09.3(161E09.3), E09.4(161E09.4), GHE1.3(147GHE1.3), GHE2.4(192GHE2.4), H04.2(77H04.2), HG3.2(132HG3.2)

COILLET, A.                                  DP3.6(260DP3.6)

COLEMAN, C. J.                           G01.5(15G01.5), GP2.31(271GP2.31), JG.3(171JG.3)

COLLIER, A.                                 H11.5(206H11.5)

COLLIER, A. B.                             GHE1.2(147GHE1.2), GHE1.3(147GHE1.3), H03.9(59H03.9), HG1.5(90HG1.5), HP1.1(239HP1.1), HP1.21(242HP1.21), HP1.22(242HP1.22), HP2.19(279HP2.19), HP2.21(279HP2.21), HP2.4(276HP2.4), HP2.5(276HP2.5)

COLLIN, A.                                    K06.6(138K06.6)

COLLIN, A. A.                               K06.5(137K06.5)

COLMAN, G. W. K.                       CBD.3(82CBD.3)

CONESSA, C.                               KBE.1(40KBE.1)

CONIL, E.                                      KAE.6(191KAE.6), KB.6(211KB.6)

CONNAUGHTON, V.                   GHE1.1(147GHE1.1)

CONTRI, G.                                  D01.1(9D01.1)

COOPER, K. B.                             DAF2.4(179DAF2.4)

COOPER, R.                                 KP2.10(285KP2.10)

CORDER, S. A.                             J10.10(189J10.10)

CORDES, J.                                  J11.4(208J11.4)

CORDES, J. M.                             AGJ.4(118AGJ.4), J03.11(61J03.11)

COREY, B. E.                                J01.4(19J01.4)

CORNILLEAU-WEHRLIN, N.       H04.1(77H04.1)

CORTES-MEDELLIN, G.              BJ.2(140BJ.2)

COSTA, E.                                    F03.7(55F03.7), G05.2(88G05.2), G05.3(88G05.3)

COSTA, F.                                    DAF2.2(179DAF2.2), DP4.7(263DP4.7)

COSTA, M. J.                                F06.8(107F06.8)

COSTER, A. J.                              G06.6(109G06.6), G09.2(164G09.2), J11.2(208J11.2), JG.2(171JG.2)

COTHRAN, C.                              HP2.3(276HP2.3)

COTTON, W. D.                           J01.2(19J01.2)

COX, J. A.                                     ABD.3(5ABD.3), AD.6(173AD.6)

COZZA, A.                                    E10.5(181E10.5)

CREPAZ, A.                                  F06.1(106F06.1)

CRETALLAZ, C.                            K06.6(138K06.6)

CROCCO, L.                                 B11.4(175B11.4)

CRYAN, M.                                    FP1.4(229FP1.4)

CUCHE, A.                                    DB2.5(83DB2.5)

CUHACI, M.                                  BP2.24(255BP2.24)

CUI, B.                                           AB1.5(78AB1.5)

CULHAOGLU, A. E.                      BP1.18(215BP1.18)

CULLENS, E.                                AP.6(251AP.6)

CUMMER, S. A.                            DB3.4(116DB3.4), GHE1.1(147GHE1.1), GHE2.4(192GHE2.4)

CURCIO, C.                                  BP2.42(258BP2.42)

CUTLER, J.                                   G03.11(57G03.11)

CZINK, N.                                      CBD.1(82CBD.1)

D

DA SILVA, M. A. N.                       F03.7(55F03.7)

DAABOUL, G. G.                          D07.10(125D07.10)

DABAS, R. S.                                G05.7(89G05.7), GP1.33(234GP1.33), GP1.48(237GP1.48)

DABEK, J.                                     K07.4(151K07.4)

D'ADDARIO, L. R.                         JP1.8(245JP1.8)

DADGARNIA, A.                           BP2.31(256BP2.31)

DAGHER, M.                                 DB1.7(30DB1.7)

DAHLBACK, R. N.                         KP1.8(249KP1.8)

DAHLEM, M. S.                             D07.3(124D07.3)

DAHMAN, G. S.                            C12.2(177C12.2)

DAIBOO, S.                                   J07.20(136J07.20)

DAMA, Y. A.                                  AC.7(195AC.7)

DAMA, Y. A. S.                              C02.5(28C02.5), FCA.5(203FCA.5)

DAMTIE, B.                                   HP2.13(278HP2.13)

DANIEL, J-P.                                 DP4.2(262DP4.2)

DANIELE, V.                                  B12.7(197B12.7)

DANIELE, V. G.                             B03.10(48B03.10)

DANILKIN, N. P.                            HG2.3(110HG2.3), HP2.26(280HP2.26)

DANSKIN, D. W.                           G06.4(108G06.4), GP2.38(272GP2.38)

DARTMANN, G.                            CA.1(122CA.1)

DAS, A.                                          GP1.8(231GP1.8)

DAS, R. M.                                    G05.7(89G05.7), GP1.33(234GP1.33), GP1.48(237GP1.48)

DAS, S.                                          BP1.6(213BP1.6), F02.6(33F02.6)

DAS, S. K.                                     F07.8(129F07.8)

DAS, S. S.                                     F06.5(106F06.5)

DAS, T.                                          GP1.8(231GP1.8)

DAS, T. K.                                     FP1.1(229FP1.1)

DASGUPTA, A.                             GP1.8(231GP1.8)

DAVALOS, R. V.                           K01.6(22K01.6)

DAVIDENKO, D. V.                       GP2.32(271GP2.32)

DAVIDS, P. S.                               D07.6(124D07.6)

DAVIS, R. J.                                  J07.5(134J07.5)

DAVIS, W. A.                                 AB1.4(78AB1.4)

DAWSON, D. E.                            F07.6(129F07.6)

DCRAU, P.                                    H10.5(186H10.5)

DE BLESER, J-W.                        BP1.26(216BP1.26), F03.9(55F03.9)

DE BRUYN, A. G.                         J01.6(19J01.6), J01.7(20J01.7), J08.4(150J08.4)

DE BRUYN, G.                              J06.4(112J06.4)

DE CARLOS LOPEZ, E.               A03.5(45A03.5)

DE CARVALHO, R.                       A03.5(45A03.5)

DE FERAUDY, H.                         HP2.24(279HP2.24)

DE FLAVIIS, F.                              DBC.4(71DBC.4)

DE FORNEL, F. A.                        D07.7(125D07.7), DP3.6(260DP3.6), DP3.8(261DP3.8)

DE GRAAUW, A. J. M.                 CA.10(123CA.10)

DE HON, B. P.                              B12.3(196B12.3)

DE KEYSER, J.                             G08.3(145G08.3)

DE LA PLATA, J.                           KAE.6(191KAE.6)

DE LUSTRAC, A.                          DP4.2(262DP4.2), DP4.3(262DP4.3), DP4.4(262DP4.4)

DE MANIZIS, L.                             E10.3(181E10.3)

DE MARTINIS, U.                         E02.4(31E02.4)

DE PAULA, E. R.                           G05.2(88G05.2), G09.5(164G09.5)

DE REZENDE, L. F. C.                 G05.2(88G05.2)

DE SANTIS, V.                              KBE.6(40KBE.6)

DE SOUZA, L.                               JP1.4(244JP1.4)

DE YONG, Y.                                CA.6(123CA.6)

DE ZUTTER, D.                            E11.3(201E11.3)

DE, A.                                            BP1.21(215BP1.21)

DE, B. K.                                        FP1.1(229FP1.1), GP2.9(268GP2.9), HP2.9(277HP2.9)

DE, D.                                            CP.4(220CP.4), CP.6(220CP.6), CP.8(221CP.8)

DE, M.                                           BP2.30(256BP2.30)

DE, S. S.                                        AP.1(250AP.1), BP2.30(256BP2.30), EP1.9(228EP1.9), F07.11(129F07.11), FP1.1(229FP1.1), FP1.3(229FP1.3), HP2.9(277HP2.9)

DECREAU, P. M. E.                      HG2.9(111HG2.9)

DEGARDIN, V.                              E07.2(126E07.2)

DEGAUQUE, P.                            E07.2(126E07.2)

DEGIRON, A.                                DP4.4(262DP4.4)

DEKORSY, T.                               D03.5(50D03.5)

DELAVEAUD, C.                           DBC.3(71DBC.3)

DELLA GIOVAMPAOLA, C.          B03.7(48B03.7)

DELPORT, B.                                H03.9(59H03.9)

DEMAAGT, P.                               F01.6(13F01.6)

DEMEKHOV, A.                            H03.6(59H03.6), HP1.25(242HP1.25)

DEMEKHOV, A. G.                       HP1.27(243HP1.27)

DEMIR, &.                                     CD.2(44CD.2)

DEMIR, S.                                     CP.15(222CP.15)

DEMIRCAN, A.                              D08.5(142D08.5)

DEMIRCI, S.                                  BP1.40(218BP1.40), DAF2.5(179DAF2.5), F05.2(86F05.2)

DEMIREL, S.                                 C01.6(8C01.6), CD.1(44CD.1)

DEMIRHAN, Y.                              DAF1.4(159DAF1.4), DP4.10(263DP4.10)

DEMOREST, P.                            JP1.3(244JP1.3)

DENGLER, R.                               DAF2.4(179DAF2.4)

DENIS, L.                                      JP1.18(246JP1.18)

DESCAMPS, P.                             DP2.9(226DP2.9)

DESGREYS, P.                             C06.5(70C06.5)

DESHPANDE, A. A.                      J11.7(209J11.7)

DESVIGNES, G.                           JP1.3(244JP1.3)

DEVANANDHAN, S.                     H01.3(17H01.3)

DEVITO, T.                                   K07.5(151K07.5)

DEWANGAN, G. C.                      JP2.5(281JP2.5)

DEWDNEY, P. E.                          J03.4(60J03.4), J03.5(60J03.5)

DHAOUADI, M.                             DP1.4(223DP1.4)

DI CARLO, A.                                BD2.6(120BD2.6)

DI DONATO, L.                             B11.4(175B11.4)

DI MATTIA, V.                               K01.2(21K01.2)

DIAO, C-C.                                    AP.2(250AP.2)

DIAS, F.                                         D08.2(142D08.2)

DIAZ-BOLADO, A.                        KBE.1(40KBE.1)

DIAZ-MUNOZ, N.                         A03.5(45A03.5)

DIDDAMS, S. A.                            ABD.4(5ABD.4)

DIENDORFER, G.                        E02.1(31E02.1), HP2.23(279HP2.23)

DIET, A.                                         C11.3(157C11.3)

DIETRICH, S.                                H03.11(59H03.11)

DIKMEN, F.                                   BP1.7(213BP1.7)

DIMANT, Y. S.                               H01.5(17H01.5)

DINIZ, J. A.                                   JP2.10(282JP2.10)

DINU, R.                                        D07.2(124D07.2)

D'INZEO, G.                                  K01.1(21K01.1), K01.2(21K01.2)

DISERBO, M.                                K06.6(138K06.6)

DLAY, S.                                        KBE.7(41KBE.7)

DOBSICEK TREFNA, H.              K08.7(169K08.7)

DOELEMAN, S.                             JP1.11(245JP1.11), JP1.12(245JP1.12)

DOERING, O.                               E01.3(11E01.3)

DOHERTY, P. H.                          G06.2(108G06.2)

DOKEN, B.                                    AB3.3(154AB3.3), BP2.17(254BP2.17)

DOLMANS, G.                              DP1.2(223DP1.2)

DONG, D.                                     KP1.1(248KP1.1)

DOORNBOS, E.                           G06.5(108G06.5)

DOT, A.                                         D03.8(51D03.8)

DOUGHERTY, S. M.                    J07.21(136J07.21)

DOUGLAS, M.                              K03.3(62K03.3), K05.2(114K05.2)

DOXAS, I.                                      HG3.1(132HG3.1), HP2.14(278HP2.14)

DREZET, A.                                  DB2.5(83DB2.5)

DROMA, M. O.                              EP1.6(227EP1.6)

DU BURCK, F.                              DP2.7(226DP2.7)

DUBININ, E. M.                             H10.1(186H10.1), HP2.18(278HP2.18)

DUCHENE, B.                               KBE.1(40KBE.1)

DUDKIN, F.                                   EGH.6(72EGH.6)

DUDLEY, J. M.                              D03.7(51D03.7), D08.2(142D08.2)

DUMAS, C.                                    D07.7(125D07.7)

DUMBRAVA, Z.                             GP2.24(270GP2.24)

DUMON, P.                                   D07.2(124D07.2)

DUNLAP, C.                                  E01.5(11E01.5)

DUNLOP, M. W.                           H02.5(37H02.5), H02.7(38H02.7)

DUQUE, D.                                   B12.3(196B12.3)

DURAND, S.                                 J02.3(42J02.3)

DURGUT, K.                                 BP2.1(252BP2.1)

DURIEUX, S.                                 FCA.6(203FCA.6)

DUROC, Y.                                   B07.6(99B07.6)

DURSUN, A.                                 C11.6(157C11.6)

DURU, F.                                      HG2.7(111HG2.7), HG2.8(111HG2.8)

DUTTA, S.                                     C05.5(64C05.5)

DUVILLARET, L.                           DP3.7(261DP3.7)

DUYAR, M.                                    BP2.12(253BP2.12)

DWYER, J. R.                               GHE1.1(147GHE1.1)

DYRUD, L.                                    G08.2(145G08.2), GP2.29(271GP2.29)

DZIAK-JANKOWSKA, B.              G07.9(131G07.9)

E

E. GAXIOLA-SOSA, J.                  KP2.10(285KP2.10)

EBIHARA, Y.                                 CHGBDJK.6(101CHGBDJK.6)

ECONOMOU, L.                           GP1.20(233GP1.20)

EDELEVIK, F.                                K07.6(152K07.6)

EDEMSKIY, I. K.                            GP1.10(231GP1.10), GP2.11(268GP2.11)

EDIN, H.                                        BP2.2(252BP2.2)

EDWARDS, P.                              JP2.1(281JP2.1)

EGGERS, P. C.                             F02.1(33F02.1)

EIBERT, T. F.                                A04.4(66A04.4), B04.2(68B04.2), EB.5(104EB.5)

EIKEMA, K. S. E.                           AD.7(174AD.7)

EKAWATI, S.                                 GP2.4(267GP2.4)

EKERS, R.                                     GP2.41(273GP2.41), JP2.4(281JP2.4)

EKERS, R. D.                                JP1.20(246JP1.20)

EKMEKCI, E.                                 DP4.6(262DP4.6)

EKSIM, A.                                      C13.4(198C13.4)

EL LEMDANI MAZOUZ, F.           H10.5(186H10.5)

EL SAHILI, A.                                C06.2(70C06.2)

EL-ALAOUI, M.                             H02.8(38H02.8)

ELAM, M.                                       K07.6(152K07.6)

ELFERGANI, I. T.                         AC.7(195AC.7)

ELFERGANI, I. T. E.                     C02.5(28C02.5)

EL-FISHAWY, N.                          C05.4(64C05.4)

EL-FISHAWY, N. A.                      CP.11(221CP.11)

EL-GANAINY, N. O.                      C13.7(199C13.7)

EL-HENNAWY, H. M.                   BP1.3(213BP1.3)

ELIASSON, B.                               H03.1(58H03.1), HP2.7(277HP2.7)

ELKASSIR, B.                                DP2.9(226DP2.9)

EL-KHAMY, S. E.                          C13.2(198C13.2)

EL-KHAMY, S. E-S.                       C13.7(199C13.7)

EL-LEMDANI MAZOUZ, F.           HP2.24(279HP2.24)

ELLGARDT, A.                              AB3.5(154AB3.5)

ELMAHGOUB, K.                          BD2.10(121BD2.10)

ELMAS, Z. G.                                FG.3(183FG.3)

ELMER, M.                                    BJ.3(140BJ.3)

ELRAMLY, S. H.                            AC.2(194AC.2)

ELSAYED, H. A.                            C13.2(198C13.2)

ELSAYED, H. A. E. A.                   AC.2(194AC.2)

ELSAYED, M. A.                            KAE.5(190KAE.5)

ELSHERBENI, A.                          BD2.10(121BD2.10)

ELSHERBENI, A. Z.                      BP1.22(215BP1.22)

ELSHERBINI, A.                            F05.1(86F05.1)

ENDROYONO, E.                         DP4.12(263DP4.12)

ENELL, C-F.                                  G03.10(57G03.10)

ENGARGIOLA, G.                        J10.5(188J10.5)

ENGE, P. K.                                  GL3.1(172GL3.1)

ENGHETA, N.                               BD1.10(27BD1.10)

ENGINEER, S.                              JP2.12(282JP2.12)

ENTESARI, K.                               KP2.10(285KP2.10)

EPHISHOV, I. I.                             GP1.11(231GP1.11)

ERDEN, F.                                    BP2.8(253BP2.8)

ERGIN, A.                                     B04.5(68B04.5)

ERGIN, A. A.                                 BP2.34(257BP2.34), BP2.35(257BP2.35)

ERGUL, O.                                    B05.5(69B05.5)

ERICKSON, P. J.                          G06.6(109G06.6), J11.2(208J11.2), JG.2(171JG.2)

ERKINTALO, M.                            D08.2(142D08.2)

ERNST, T.                                     G07.9(131G07.9)

ERRICOLO, D.                             B03.10(48B03.10), B03.6(47B03.6)

ERSHOV, A. V.                             BP1.23(216BP1.23)

ERTURK, V. B.                              BP1.47(219BP1.47)

ERYAMAN, Y.                               K05.5(114K05.5)

ESCOFFIER, R.                            JP1.12(245JP1.12)

ESCOUBET, P.                             HG2.10(111HG2.10)

ESEN BAYER, S.                          B06.5(80B06.5)

ESHRAH, I. A.                               BP2.45(258BP2.45)

ES'KIN, V. A.                                 H09.5(165H09.5), HP2.8(277HP2.8)

ESLAMI, A.                                    K03.2(62K03.2)

ESTENBERG, J.                           K03.2(62K03.2)

EXCELL, P. S.                               AC.7(195AC.7)

F

FAHMY, M. F.                               CP.1(220CP.1)

FAHMY, O. M.                               CP.1(220CP.1)

FAINBERG, J.                               HG1.4(90HG1.4), HG2.1(110HG2.1)

FALKENSTEIN, E. A.                    DP1.3(223DP1.3)

FALLEN, C.                                   HG4.3(148HG4.3)

FANAYEV, I. A.                             C12.9(178C12.9)

FANG, C.                                      BP1.4(213BP1.4)

FANG, C-H.                                  EB.10(105EB.10)

FARAJ, N.                                     KAE.6(191KAE.6)

FARAJI-DANA, R.                         B07.8(100B07.8), BP1.13(214BP1.13)

FARAONE, A.                               KB.4(210KB.4)

FARR, E. G.                                  E03.11(53E03.11)

FATHY, A. E.                                 C02.6(28C02.6)

FATOME, J.                                  D08.2(142D08.2)

FAUCHER, O.                               D08.1(142D08.1)

FAULKNER, A.                              J02.4(42J02.4)

FAULKNER, A. J.                          J03.9(61J03.9)

FAUQUETTE, W.                         K06.6(138K06.6)

FAVARO, A.                                  B01.4(7B01.4)

FEAR, E. C.                                   KBE.6(40KBE.6)

FEBRIANI, F.                                GHE3.4(204GHE3.4)

FEDELI, J-M.                                D07.2(124D07.2)

FEDERICI, J.                                DAF2.7(180DAF2.7)

FEENEY, S.                                   C12.3(177C12.3)

FEJER, B. G.                                G09.3(164G09.3)

FEKRY, A. A.                                 KAE.5(190KAE.5)

FELIX, C.                                       D03.8(51D03.8)

FENG, Y.                                       CA.3(122CA.3)

FERENCZ, C.                               H11.5(206H11.5)

FERNANDES, L. O. T.                  JP2.10(282JP2.10)

FERNANDES, T.                           F03.4(54F03.4)

FERNANDES, T. R.                      FCA.1(203FCA.1)

FERNANDEZ, M. L.                      K01.3(21K01.3)

FERREIRA, D.                              F03.4(54F03.4)

FHAGER, A.                                  BP1.39(218BP1.39), K03.5(62K03.5), K07.6(152K07.6), KBE.3(40KBE.3), KBE.5(40KBE.5), KP1.8(249KP1.8)

FIALA, V.                                       HG3.10(133HG3.10)

FILIBA, T.                                      J11.4(208J11.4), JP1.3(244JP1.3)

FILIBA, T. E.                                  JP1.7(245JP1.7)

FINLAY, P.                                    E03.11(53E03.11)

FINOT, C.                                     D08.2(142D08.2)

FISCHER, G.                                JP2.7(282JP2.7)

FISER, J.                                       HP2.23(279HP2.23)

FISER, O.                                      F03.11(55F03.11)

FISH, V. L.                                     J10.9(189J10.9)

FISHER, J. R.                               BJ.3(140BJ.3)

FISHER, R. J.                               JP1.3(244JP1.3)

FISHER, S.                                    KP2.10(285KP2.10)

FISHMAN, G. J.                            GHE1.1(147GHE1.1)

FITCH, M. R.                                 E05.4(84E05.4)

FLETCHER, A.                              H11.2(206H11.2)

FLINTOFT, I. D.                            KAE.10(191KAE.10)

FLOC'H, J-M.                                E01.4(11E01.4)

FOERSTER, M.                            G06.5(108G06.5)

FONTAINE, D.                              H02.10(38H02.10)

FONTANA, M.                               E10.7(182E10.7)

FONTANELLI, G.                          F04.3(73F04.3)

FORD, J.                                       JP1.3(244JP1.3)

FORTE, B.                                    FG.2(183FG.2), FG.3(183FG.3), G05.6(89G05.6), G07.5(130G07.5), JG.1(171JG.1)

FORTIER, T. M.                            ABD.4(5ABD.4)

FOSTER, G.                                 J11.4(208J11.4), JP1.2(244JP1.2)

FOSTER, J. C.                              G06.1(108G06.1), G06.6(109G06.6)

FOSTER, M. A.                             D08.3(142D08.3)

FOUAD HANNA, V.                      B04.4(68B04.4)

FOUBERT, K.                               DP3.8(261DP3.8)

FOULLON, C.                               H10.5(186H10.5)

FOURNIER, M.                             D07.2(124D07.2)

FOUST, F.                                    GP2.8(268GP2.8)

FRAENZ, M.                                  H10.1(186H10.1), HP2.18(278HP2.18)

FRANCOIS, B. M.                         C02.2(28C02.2)

FRANGOUDI, M.                          GP1.13(232GP1.13)

FRASER, B. J.                              H03.2(58H03.2)

FRAYER, D.                                  JP1.3(244JP1.3)

FREDRIKSEN, A.                          H09.3(165H09.3), HP1.7(240HP1.7)

FREIRE, M. J.                               DB3.5(116DB3.5)

FREUDE, W.                                 D07.2(124D07.2)

FREUDENREICH, H.                    G09.6(164G09.6), H01.4(17H01.4)

FREUND, R. W.                            J07.15(135J07.15)

FREUNDORFER, A. P.                BP2.11(253BP2.11)

FREY, H.                                       GHE2.1(192GHE2.1)

FRIDEN, J.                                    CB.2(49CB.2)

FRIEDEL, R.                                 H03.9(59H03.9), HP1.1(239HP1.1)

FROLOV, V. L.                              G01.4(15G01.4), HG4.5(148HG4.5)

FU, H.                                            H03.8(59H03.8)

FU, S.                                            HP1.15(241HP1.15)

FU, S. Y.                                        H02.7(38H02.7)

FUJIEDA, M.                                 AD.5(173AD.5), AGJ.7(119AGJ.7)

FUJII, R.                                        HG4.4(148HG4.4)

FUJIKI, K.                                      C05.3(64C05.3)

FUJIMOTO, M.                             H10.3(186H10.3), HP1.19(241HP1.19)

FUJIMOTO, T.                              H10.6(186H10.6)

FUJINO, Y.                                   CP.3(220CP.3)

FUJIWARA, E.                              CHGBDJK.2(101CHGBDJK.2)

FUJIWARA, O.                             KAE.6(191KAE.6), KAE.8(191KAE.8), KB.5(210KB.5)

FUJIWARA, T.                              CHGBDJK.2(101CHGBDJK.2)

FUKAZAWA, K.                             H02.6(37H02.6)

FUKUDA, A.                                  C02.1(28C02.1)

FUKUI, Y.                                      J07.14(135J07.14)

FUKUNAGA, K.                             DAF2.6(180DAF2.6)

FULLEKRUG, M.                          GHE2.7(193GHE2.7), GT.1(185GT.1)

FUNAKI, I.                                     H09.4(165H09.4)

FUNG, S.                                      HG2.1(110HG2.1)

FUNG, S. F.                                  G01.2(15G01.2), HG2.4(110HG2.4), HP2.7(277HP2.7)

FURSE, C.                                    BP2.20(255BP2.20)

FURUNO, K.                                 CB.1(49CB.1)

FURUYA, A.                                  KP2.8(285KP2.8), KP2.9(285KP2.9)

FUSE, Y.                                       CHGBDJK.2(101CHGBDJK.2)

G

GABORIT, G.                                DP3.7(261DP3.7)

GAEREMYNCK, Y.                       DP3.7(261DP3.7)

GAETA, A.                                     D08.3(142D08.3)

GAIER, T. C.                                 F07.6(129F07.6)

GAJJAR, V.                                   JP2.2(281JP2.2)

GALERA, J. F.                              G07.2(130G07.2)

GALINDO, F.                                G08.2(145G08.2)

GALKIN, I. A.                                 G04.2(74G04.2), HG1.4(90HG1.4), HG2.4(110HG2.4)

GALLI, A.                                       BD1.4(26BD1.4), EP1.11(228EP1.11)

GALLO, K.                                     D08.4(142D08.4)

GAMAND, P.                                 DP2.9(226DP2.9)

GAMBLE, R. J.                              HP1.26(242HP1.26)

GAMBY, E.                                    G08.3(145G08.3)

GANCHEV, I.                                CP.13(221CP.13)

GANGULI, G.                                H11.1(206H11.1), HP2.3(276HP2.3)

GAO, B.                                         FCA.4(203FCA.4)

GARAVAGLIA, M.                         F08.1(153F08.1)

GARBE, H.                                    E01.3(11E01.3), E03.10(53E03.10)

GARCIA POMAR, J. L.                 DAF1.2(159DAF1.2)

GARCIA, L. N.                               HG2.4(110HG2.4), HP2.7(277HP2.7)

GARCIA, P. A.                               K01.6(22K01.6)

GARCIA-AGUILAR, A.                  BP2.41(257BP2.41)

GARCIA-GASCO TRUJILLO, J.  B07.3(99B07.3)

GARDNER, R. L.                          E03.11(53E03.11)

GARRETT, M. A.                          J07.3(134J07.3)

GARWOOD, R.                            JP1.3(244JP1.3)

GARY, S. P.                                  HP1.10(240HP1.10)

GASIEWSKI, A. J.                         DP4.11(263DP4.11), F06.2(106F06.2), F08.2(153F08.2)

GATI, A.                                        B04.4(68B04.4), B07.5(99B07.5), K03.1(62K03.1), KAE.6(191KAE.6), KB.1(210KB.1), KP2.6(284KP2.6)

GAUDAIRE, F.                              F01.7(14F01.7)

GAUDIOMONTE, F.                     A03.9(46A03.9)

GAUFRS, E.                                  D03.11(51D03.11)

GAUTIER, A-L.                             JP2.7(282JP2.7)

GAVAN, J.                                     AB2.9(98AB2.9), CHGBDJK.8(102CHGBDJK.8), E07.5(126E07.5)

GAYEN, R. K.                                BP1.6(213BP1.6)

GAYLARD, M. J.                           J07.4(134J07.4)

GEBS, R.                                       D03.5(50D03.5)

GENENDER, E.                            E01.3(11E01.3), E03.10(53E03.10)

GENG, L.                                      J05.6(92J05.6)

GENOVESI, S.                              DAF2.2(179DAF2.2)

GENTY, G.                                    D08.2(142D08.2)

GEORGIEV, G. N.                        BP1.46(219BP1.46), DP1.7(224DP1.7)

GEORGIEVA-GROSSE, M. N.     BP1.46(219BP1.46), DP1.7(224DP1.7)

GERANMAYEH, A.                       B12.2(196B12.2)

GERGELY, T. E.                           J08.2(150J08.2)

GERMAIN, D.                                DP4.3(262DP4.3)

GERMANA, C.                              AGJ.1(118AGJ.1)

GERSTMANN, D.                         J06.1(112J06.1)

GESCHKE, R. H.                          E09.2(161E09.2)

GHAFFAR, F. A.                           C12.7(178C12.7)

GHANEM, F.                                 DBC.6(71DBC.6)

GHANMI, A.                                  KB.6(211KB.6)

GHANNOUCHI, F.                        C11.5(157C11.5)

GHARAT, S. D.                             A02.6(25A02.6)

GHASEMI, R.                                DP4.4(262DP4.4)

GHAZEL, A.                                  C06.5(70C06.5)

GHOGHO, M.                               C12.1(177C12.1)

GHORAISHI, M.                            FCA.4(203FCA.4)

GHORBANI, A.                             C02.5(28C02.5)

GHOSH, S. S.                               HP1.12(240HP1.12)

GHUNIEM, A. M.                           BP1.3(213BP1.3)

GIBLIN, S.                                     AT.1(139AT.1)

GIESSEN, H.                                 DB2.7(83DB2.7)

GILLELAND, C.                             D07.11(125D07.11)

GILLIES, R. G.                              GP1.28(234GP1.28)

GILREATH, L.                               DB3.3(116DB3.3)

GIMM, Y-M.                                   EP2.8(265EP2.8)

GIORDANO, V.                             ABD.2(5ABD.2)

GIORGETTA, F. R.                      AD.8(174AD.8)

GIRARD, J. N.                              JP1.18(246JP1.18)

GIRI, D. V.                                     E03.1(52E03.1), E03.3(52E03.3)

GISH, T.                                        FP1.2(229FP1.2)

GITE, T. Y.                                    AB2.3(97AB2.3)

GITTENS, A.                                 A03.5(45A03.5)

GJESTELAND, T.                         GHE1.2(147GHE1.2), GHE1.3(147GHE1.3), GHE1.4(147GHE1.4)

GLANZER, M.                               K05.7(115K05.7)

GLAVIN, M.                                   KBE.8(41KBE.8)

GLENDENNING, B. E.                  JP2.13(282JP2.13)

GLOVER, I. A.                               E07.4(126E07.4)

GODOY, R.                                   JP2.10(282JP2.10)

GOERTZ, W.                                K05.3(114K05.3)

GOETZE, J.                                  D01.2(9D01.2)

GOHLE, C.                                    AD.7(174AD.7)

GOLAP, K.                                    J06.5(112J06.5)

GOLDBERG, B. B.                        D07.10(125D07.10)

GOLKOWSKI, M.                          H04.2(77H04.2)

GOMES, N. J.                               FP1.4(229FP1.4)

GOMIDZE, N. K.                           DP3.9(261DP3.9)

GONCHARENKO, L.                    G09.2(164G09.2)

GONCHARENKO, L. P.                G09.3(164G09.3)

GONCHARENKO, Y. V.               F08.3(153F08.3)

GONG, X.                                     CA.1(122CA.1)

GONZALEZ-FERNANDEZ, J. M. BP2.41(257BP2.41)

GONZALEZ-NUEVO, J.               JP2.1(281JP2.1)

GORBUNOVA, A.                         DB1.8(30DB1.8)

GORDIENKO, G.                          G09.1(164G09.1)

GORDIENKO, G. I.                       GP2.37(272GP2.37)

GORDON, J.                                A03.5(45A03.5), E01.5(11E01.5)

GORELIK, N.                                DF.5(200DF.5)

GOROBETS, V.                            F08.3(153F08.3)

GOTO, Y.                                      H10.6(186H10.6), H10.8(187H10.8), HP1.6(239HP1.6)

GOTOH, T.                                   AGJ.7(119AGJ.7)

GOTSIS, K. A.                               BP2.25(255BP2.25)

GOUBA, A.                                    C11.4(157C11.4)

GOUDOS, S. K.                            BP2.25(255BP2.25)

GOUGH, R. G.                             J03.8(61J03.8)

GOULET, F.                                  DP2.9(226DP2.9)

GOWDA, S.                                  J11.4(208J11.4), JP1.3(244JP1.3)

GRABNER, M.                              F03.11(55F03.11), FP2.1(266FP2.1)

GRACH, S. M.                               HG3.3(132HG3.3)

GRADARI, S.                                AGJ.1(118AGJ.1)

GRADONI, G.                               E10.4(181E10.4), E10.8(182E10.8), EP2.10(265EP2.10)

GRAF, K. L.                                   HP2.12(277HP2.12)

GRAGLIA, R. D.                            B05.1(69B05.1)

GRAHAM, J. W.                            BP1.14(214BP1.14)

GRAINGE, K. J. B.                        JP1.17(246JP1.17)

GRALAK, B.                                  D07.7(125D07.7)

GRAMMER, W.                             J10.4(188J10.4)

GRAPPIN, R.                                HP1.11(240HP1.11)

GRAU BESOLI, A.                        DBC.4(71DBC.4)

GRAY, A.                                       J03.7(61J03.7)

GRAY, A. D.                                  J07.21(136J07.21)

GRBIC, A.                                     DB3.1(116DB3.1)

GRCAN, M. E.                               AB3.2(154AB3.2)

GRECO, A.                                   H02.9(38H02.9)

GREEDY, S.                                  E11.6(202E11.6)

GREELEY, R.                                J05.1(92J05.1)

GREEN, W. M. J.                          D07.4(124D07.4)

GREENBERG, E.                          EP1.8(228EP1.8)

GREENSPUN, J.                          K08.4(168K08.4)

GRELU, P.                                    DP3.6(260DP3.6)

GREPSTAD, J. O.                        B01.2(7B01.2)

GRIMALD, S.                                H10.5(186H10.5)

GRIMM, M.                                    CA.5(122CA.5)

GRISCHKOWSKY , D. R.             DAF2.1(179DAF2.1)

GRISON, B.                                  HP1.11(240HP1.11)

GRODJI, O. F. D.                         GP1.5(230GP1.5)

GRONWALD, F.                           EB.7(105EB.7)

GROP, S.                                      ABD.2(5ABD.2)

GROSSMAN, E.                            AP.6(251AP.6)

GROTE, W.                                  DF.6(200DF.6)

GROVES, K.                                 G06.8(109G06.8)

GROVES, K. M.                            G05.2(88G05.2)

GROZOV, V.                                 GP2.39(272GP2.39)

GRZESIAK, M.                              GP1.15(232GP1.15)

GRZESIK, J. A.                             K04.3(93K04.3)

GUCLU, C.                                    DB3.3(116DB3.3)

GUERIN, C-A.                               F06.6(107F06.6)

GUHA, A.                                      GP2.9(268GP2.9)

GUHA, D.                                      AB3.4(154AB3.4)

GUHANIYOGI, N.                         AC.5(194AC.5)

GUIDI, F.                                       CA.9(123CA.9)

GUILLET, V.                                  FCA.6(203FCA.6)

GULBRANDSEN, N.                     H09.3(165H09.3), HP1.7(240HP1.7)

GULYAEV, S.                                J07.10(135J07.10), J07.17(136J07.17)

GULYAEVA, T. L.                          GP1.24(233GP1.24), GP1.38(235GP1.38)

GUMEROV, N. A.                         HG3.1(132HG3.1)

GUNASHEKAR, S.                        C12.3(177C12.3)

GUNEþ, F.                                    BP1.33(217BP1.33)

GUNES, A.                                    BP1.48(219BP1.48)

GUNES, F.                                    C01.6(8C01.6), CD.1(44CD.1)

GUNGOR, A.                                EP1.5(227EP1.5)

GUNGOR, I.                                 AB3.3(154AB3.3), BP2.17(254BP2.17)

GUNST, A.                                    J02.2(42J02.2), J02.4(42J02.4)

GUNST, A. W.                              JP1.21(247JP1.21)

GUO, H.                                        DF.7(200DF.7), DP3.10(261DP3.10), DP3.2(260DP3.2)

GUPTA, S.                                    C01.1(8C01.1)

GUPTA, Y.                                    J07.18(136J07.18), JP2.12(282JP2.12), JP2.5(281JP2.5)

GUREL, L.                                     B05.5(69B05.5)

GURNETT, D.                               HP1.25(242HP1.25)

GURNETT, D. A.                          H04.1(77H04.1), HG2.7(111HG2.7), HG2.8(111HG2.8)

GURSOY, M. C.                            K08.3(168K08.3)

GUSTAFSSON, M.                       A04.2(66A04.2), ABD.7(6ABD.7), B06.5(80B06.5), BD1.2(26BD1.2)

GUSTAVSSON, B.                        G03.4(56G03.4)

GUSTAVSSSON, M.                     B11.7(176B11.7)

GUTNIK, V.                                   F08.3(153F08.3)

GWAL, A. K.                                  G05.7(89G05.7), GP1.33(234GP1.33), GP1.48(237GP1.48)

GWIZDEK-WISNIEWSKA, A.       KP1.2(248KP1.2)

H

HAALAND, R.                                GHE2.2(192GHE2.2)

HAALAND, S. E.                            G06.5(108G06.5)

HABARULEMA, J. B.                    G06.3(108G06.3), GP1.29(234GP1.29)

HABEIB, M. Z.                               AC.2(194AC.2)

HABOUCHA, A.                            ABD.1(5ABD.1)

HACHISU, H.                                AD.5(173AD.5)

HADA, T.                                       H09.4(165H09.4)

HADDAD, E.                                  FCA.3(203FCA.3)

HADJEM, A.                                  KAE.6(191KAE.6), KB.6(211KB.6)

HADJI, E.                                      DP3.8(261DP3.8)

HAFEZ, R. H. M.                           C12.2(177C12.2)

HAGGSTROM, I.                          G03.10(57G03.10), G05.6(89G05.6), HG3.7(133HG3.7)

HÄGGSTRÖM, I.                          G03.7(57G03.7)

HAGNESS, S. C.                           BD2.5(120BD2.5), KBE.2(40KBE.2)

HAHTELA, O.                                A04.6(67A04.6)

HAKKARAINEN, A.                       F06.9(107F06.9)

HALDAR, D. K.                              BP2.30(256BP2.30), FP1.1(229FP1.1), FP1.3(229FP1.3)

HALDOUPIS, C.                            GHE1.6(147GHE1.6)

HALFORD, A. J.                           H03.2(58H03.2)

HALL, P.                                        J02.4(42J02.4)

HALL, P. J.                                    J03.1(60J03.1)

HALL, P. S.                                    DAF2.10(180DAF2.10), DBC.6(71DBC.6)

HALLIKAINEN, M. T.                     F06.9(107F06.9)

HAMA, S.                                       AGJ.7(119AGJ.7)

HAMADA, L.                                  KAE.9(191KAE.9)

HAMAMOTO, N.                           CP.3(220CP.3)

HAMAR, D.                                    H11.5(206H11.5)

HAMEL, R.                                    HG4.2(148HG4.2)

HAMID, M. R.                                DBC.6(71DBC.6)

HAMMANI, K.                                D08.2(142D08.2)

HAMNERIUS, Y.                           K03.2(62K03.2)

HAMPSON, G. A.                          JP1.4(244JP1.4)

HAMZA, A. M.                               H01.6(17H01.6)

HAN, D.                                         KP1.1(248KP1.1)

HAN, P.                                         GHE3.4(204GHE3.4), GP2.54(275GP2.54)

HANADO, Y.                                 A03.3(45A03.3), AD.3(173AD.3)

HANDA, K.                                    JP2.19(283JP2.19)

HANNA, V. F.                                K03.1(62K03.1)

HANSEN, T.                                  B10.4(156B10.4)

HAO, Y.                                         BD1.6(26BD1.6), K04.4(93K04.4)

HAQ, T. U.                                    E05.7(85E05.7)

HAQUE, N.                                    HP1.23(242HP1.23)

HARALAMBOUS, H.                     GP1.13(232GP1.13)

HARALAMBOUS, H. C.                GP1.20(233GP1.20), GP1.61(238GP1.61)

HARIDAS, R. M.                            A02.1(25A02.1)

HARIDAS, R. N.                            GP2.45(273GP2.45), GP2.47(274GP2.47)

HARIDIM, M.                                 AB2.9(98AB2.9)

HARMON, J. K.                             J05.5(92J05.5)

HARPE, P.                                     DP1.2(223DP1.2)

HARRIS, C.                                   J06.1(112J06.1)

HARRIS, T. J.                               G07.1(130G07.1), G07.7(131G07.7)

HARRISON, R. G.                        EGH.4(72EGH.4)

HARSHA, S. S.                              DAF2.1(179DAF2.1)

HARTINGER, M.                           HP2.13(278HP2.13)

HARVEY, J. D.                              D08.6(142D08.6)

HASBI, A. M.                                 FG.7(184FG.7)

HASHIGUCHI, H.                          CP.14(222CP.14)

HASHIMOTO, K.                           CHGBDJK.1(101CHGBDJK.1), CHGBDJK.5(101CHGBDJK.5), H10.3(186H10.3), H10.4(186H10.4), H10.8(187H10.8)

HASHITANI, M.                             H10.4(186H10.4)

HASNA, M. O.                               KAE.5(190KAE.5)

HASSEL, J.                                   A04.6(67A04.6)

HATAKEYAMA, R.                        H09.7(166H09.7)

HATSUKADE, B.                           JP2.19(283JP2.19)

HATTORI, K.                                 GHE3.4(204GHE3.4), GP1.56(238GP1.56), GP2.19(269GP2.19), GP2.50(274GP2.50), GP2.54(275GP2.54)

HATTORI, M.                                KP2.8(285KP2.8), KP2.9(285KP2.9)

HAVRILLA, M. J.                           B06.6(80B06.6)

HAYAKAWA, M.                            GHE3.2(204GHE3.2), GHE3.3(204GHE3.3)

HAYAKAWA, T.                             J07.14(135J07.14)

HAYASAKA, K.                              AD.3(173AD.3)

HAYNES, M.                                  KBE.4(40KBE.4)

HAYOSH, M.                                 HG3.10(133HG3.10)

HAZELTON, B.                             J02.6(42J02.6)

HAZRA, S.                                     HG1.3(90HG1.3)

HE, S.                                            CB.4(49CB.4), DB3.2(116DB3.2)

HE, W.                                           AC.1(194AC.1)

HEALD, G.                                    J01.6(19J01.6)

HEDSTRM, A.                               K07.6(152K07.6)

HEELIS, R. A.                                GP1.51(237GP1.51)

HEGDE, R. S.                               DB1.1(29DB1.1)

HEGGY, E.                                    J11.3(208J11.3)

HEIDARI, A. A.                              BP2.31(256BP2.31)

HEILIG, B.                                     HP1.1(239HP1.1)

HEIN, M.                                        CA.5(122CA.5)

HEINSELMAN, C. J.                     G03.3(56G03.3)

HELHEL, S.                                   CA.8(123CA.8), E11.7(202E11.7), F02.9(34F02.9)

HELLDNER, L.                              JP2.14(283JP2.14)

HELMICH, F. P.                            J10.3(188J10.3)

HENDRANTORO, G.                   DP4.12(263DP4.12), F02.3(33F02.3)

HENRIKSSON, T.                         KBE.1(40KBE.1)

HERAUD, J. A.                              E08.5(143E08.5)

HERBERTHSON, M.                    BP2.33(256BP2.33)

HERNANDEZ FORERO, L. C.     A03.5(45A03.5)

HERRERO, P.                               CA.10(123CA.10)

HERTZ, E.                                     D08.1(142D08.1)

HESSELS, J. W. T.                       J01.5(19J01.5)

HEUBERGER, A.                          CA.4(122CA.4), CA.5(122CA.5)

HEWITT, J. N.                              J02.6(42J02.6)

HEYDARI, P.                                 DB3.3(116DB3.3)

HEYMAN, E.                                  B01.1(7B01.1), B10.2(156B10.2)

HICKS, B. C.                                 J02.3(42J02.3)

HIETANEN, M.                              K05.8(115K05.8)

HIGASHI, R.                                  HP2.2(276HP2.2)

HIGASHINO, T.                            CP.12(221CP.12)

HIGUCHI, A.                                 JP2.19(283JP2.19)

HIKAGE, T.                                   K05.6(114K05.6)

HIKISHIMA, M.                              HP1.29(243HP1.29), HP1.3(239HP1.3)

HILLERKUSS, D.                          D07.2(124D07.2)

HILLS, R. E.                                  J10.8(189J10.8)

HINATA, T.                                    B12.4(196B12.4)

HINSON, D. P.                              J05.4(92J05.4)

HINTZ, R.                                      DF.3(200DF.3), DF.4(200DF.4)

HIRAGA, K.                                   C06.3(70C06.3)

HIRANO, T.                                   GHE3.4(204GHE3.4), GP2.54(275GP2.54)

HIRATA, A.                                    K06.9(138K06.9), KAE.6(191KAE.6), KAE.8(191KAE.8)

HIROOKA, S.                                GP1.56(238GP1.56), GP2.50(274GP2.50)

HIROTA, A.                                   JP2.19(283JP2.19)

HOBARA, Y.                                  EGH.2(72EGH.2), GHE2.6(193GHE2.6), GHE3.2(204GHE3.2), GHE3.3(204GHE3.3)

HOBIGER, T.                                AGJ.7(119AGJ.7)

HOEFER, W. J. R.                        DB1.1(29DB1.1)

HOFFMANN, C.                            E07.6(126E07.6)

HOFMAN, M.                                D07.7(125D07.7)

HOLLOWAY, C. L.                        E01.5(11E01.5)

HOLMSTROM, S.                         D07.9(125D07.9)

HOLZWARTH, C. W.                   D07.3(124D07.3)

HOLZWARTH, R.                         ABD.1(5ABD.1)

HOLZWORTH, R.                        HP1.1(239HP1.1)

HOMMA, M.                                  JP2.16(283JP2.16)

HONDA, K.                                    CB.3(49CB.3)

HONG, F-L.                                  AD.2(173AD.2)

HONG, S. H.                                 GP1.27(234GP1.27)

HONMA, M.                                   JP1.12(245JP1.12)

HONMA, N.                                   CB.5(49CB.5)

HONMA, Y.                                   CHGBDJK.2(101CHGBDJK.2)

HOORFAR, A.                              B11.9(176B11.9)

HOPESON, M.                              K03.2(62K03.2)

HOPPE, D. J.                                F07.6(129F07.6)

HOR, Y. L.                                     DB1.1(29DB1.1)

HORIE, T.                                     GHE3.2(204GHE3.2)

HORNE, R. B.                               H03.3(58H03.3)

HORST, F.                                    D07.4(124D07.4)

HOSAKA, K.                                  AD.2(173AD.2)

HOSAKO, I.                                   DAF2.6(180DAF2.6)

HOSOKAWA, M.                           A03.3(45A03.3), AD.3(173AD.3)

HOSSAIN, M. M.                           GP1.30(234GP1.30)

HOVEY, G. J.                                J07.21(136J07.21), JP1.13(245JP1.13), JP1.14(246JP1.14)

HOWELLS, V.                               GP1.12(231GP1.12)

HRISTOV, H. D.                            DF.6(200DF.6)

HRUSKA, F.                                  GP1.26(233GP1.26)

HSU, R-R.                                     GHE2.1(192GHE2.1)

HSU, W-C.                                    GP1.7(231GP1.7)

HU, Y.                                            F07.7(129F07.7), HG1.7(91HG1.7)

HUAMAN, J. A.                             GP1.6(230GP1.6)

HUANG, C-C.                               AP.2(250AP.2)

HUANG, C-F.                                DP2.3(225DP2.3)

HUANG, C-J.                                AP.3(250AP.3), DP4.13(263DP4.13)

HUANG, H-H.                               AP.2(250AP.2)

HUANG, M.                                   DB2.6(83DB2.6)

HUANG, T.                                    AB3.1(154AB3.1)

HUANG, T-Y.                                DP2.5(225DP2.5), GHE2.1(192GHE2.1)

HUANG, X.                                    DP1.2(223DP1.2), G02.2(35G02.2), HG1.6(91HG1.6), HG2.2(110HG2.2)

HUANT, S.                                    DB2.5(83DB2.5)

HUBA, J. D.                                   G05.1(88G05.1)

HUBER, R.                                    D03.1(50D03.1)

HULL, C. L. H.                               J10.5(188J10.5)

HUSSAIN, S.                                 C11.1(157C11.1)

HUSSEY, G. C.                             GP1.28(234GP1.28)

I

IþýK, O.                                          KP1.10(249KP1.10)

IBRAHIM, M. M.                            AC.2(194AC.2)

ICHIKAWA, R.                               AGJ.7(119AGJ.7), EP1.4(227EP1.4)

IDEMEN, M.                                  B11.5(175B11.5)

IDO, T.                                          AD.5(173AD.5)

IERMAK, I.                                     KP1.2(248KP1.2)

IGOU, S.                                       KP2.8(285KP2.8)

IJICHI, K.                                       CHGBDJK.2(101CHGBDJK.2)

IKAHATA, M.                                 KP1.6(248KP1.6)

IKEHATA, M.                                 K06.1(137K06.1), K06.2(137K06.2), K06.4(137K06.4)

IKEHATA, Y.                                  KP1.4(248KP1.4)

ILDAY, F. O.                                  D03.2(50D03.2)

ILDIRYAKOV, V. R.                       GP1.23(233GP1.23)

ILMONIEMI, R. J.                          K07.4(151K07.4)

IMACHI, T.                                    HP1.6(239HP1.6), HP2.2(276HP2.2)

IMAMURA, K.                                A03.3(45A03.3)

IMAMURA, T.                                KP1.11(249KP1.11)

INABA, H.                                      AD.2(173AD.2)

INAGAKI, K.                                  CP.12(221CP.12)

INAN, U.                                        GP2.8(268GP2.8), HP1.23(242HP1.23)

INAN, U. S.                                    E09.3(161E09.3), E09.4(161E09.4), GP2.40(272GP2.40), H04.2(77H04.2), HG3.2(132HG3.2), HG3.4(132HG3.4), HP2.12(277HP2.12), PL.1(212PL.1)

INASAWA, Y.                                BP2.47(258BP2.47)

INCLAN-ALONSO, J. M.              BP2.41(257BP2.41)

INOÑAN, M. J.                              GP1.47(236GP1.47)

INOUE, M.                                     JP1.12(245JP1.12)

IOANNIDOU, M. P.                       F03.1(54F03.1)

IONO, D.                                       JP2.19(283JP2.19)

IPPEN, E. P.                                  D03.3(50D03.3), D07.3(124D07.3)

IQBAL, A.                                      E05.7(85E05.7)

ISERNIA, T.                                   B11.4(175B11.4)

ISHIGURO, Y.                               GHE3.4(204GHE3.4), GP2.54(275GP2.54)

ISHII, A.                                         AGJ.7(119AGJ.7)

ISHII, K.                                         K06.1(137K06.1)

ISHIKAWA, H.                               GHE3.4(204GHE3.4)

ISHIKAWA, S.                               JP2.19(283JP2.19)

ISHIKAWA, T.                               CHGBDJK.1(101CHGBDJK.1)

ISHIMARU, A.                               F02.10(34F02.10)

ISHISAKA, K.                                 HP1.5(239HP1.5)

ISHIZAKA, K.                                 HP1.3(239HP1.3)

ISHWARA-CHANDRA, C. H.        JP2.12(282JP2.12)

ISKANDER, M. F.                          B07.2(99B07.2)

ISPAS, A.                                       CA.1(122CA.1)

ITO, H.                                          A03.3(45A03.3), AD.3(173AD.3), DAF2.8(180DAF2.8)

ITO, K.                                           K05.9(115K05.9), K08.5(168K08.5), KAE.6(191KAE.6), KP2.3(284KP2.3)

ITOH, T.                                        DB3.6(116DB3.6)

ITOH, Y.                                        ABD.6(5ABD.6)

ITOU, A.                                        KAE.9(191KAE.9)

IUDIN, D. I.                                    E02.5(31E02.5)

IVANOV, D.                                   GP2.24(270GP2.24)

IVANOV, E. N.                               ABD.5(5ABD.5)

IVANOV, S.                                   GP1.51(237GP1.51)

IVANOV, V.                                   FP2.3(266FP2.3)

IVANOVA, V.                                 GP1.25(233GP1.25), GP2.24(270GP2.24)

IVASHINA, M. V.                           DBC.5(71DBC.5), JP1.15(246JP1.15), JP1.16(246JP1.16)

IVASHOV, S.                                 BP1.30(217BP1.30), K04.5(93K04.5)

IVRLAC, M. T.                               DBC.1(71DBC.1)

IWAI, H.                                         C05.2(64C05.2)

IWAKUNI, K.                                 AD.2(173AD.2)

IWAMOTO, M.                              GHE2.6(193GHE2.6)

IWASHITA, H.                               JP2.19(283JP2.19)

IWATA, M.                                     C02.3(28C02.3)

IYENGAR, A. N. S.                        H09.1(165H09.1)

IZARD, N.                                      D03.11(51D03.11)

J

JABNIDZE, I. N.                            DP3.9(261DP3.9)

JACKSON, C. A.                           J03.8(61J03.8)

JACKSON, D. R.                           BD1.4(26BD1.4), E11.4(201E11.4)

JACKSON-BOOTH, N. K.            G04.5(74G04.5)

JACOB, M.                                    CA.10(123CA.10)

JACOB, S.                                     AP.7(251AP.7)

JACQUES, C.                               J10.4(188J10.4)

JADHAV, A. A.                              A02.2(25A02.2)

JAFRI, D.                                      F02.7(34F02.7)

JALA, M.                                        KAE.6(191KAE.6)

JAMALI, A. A.                                B07.9(100B07.9)

JAMES, G.                                    HG2.6(111HG2.6), HG3.10(133HG3.10), HP2.11(277HP2.11), HT.1(75HT.1)

JAMES, H. G.                                GP1.28(234GP1.28)

JANARDHAN, P.                           J05.2(92J05.2)

JANDIERI, G. V.                           F02.10(34F02.10)

JANDIERI, V. G.                           F02.10(34F02.10)

JANDURA, C.                               CA.2(122CA.2)

JANG, W.                                      CP.7(221CP.7)

JANKE, C.                                     D03.5(50D03.5)

JARRAHI, M.                                 BP2.10(253BP2.10)

JARRIGE, P.                                 DP3.7(261DP3.7)

JAUNCEY, D. L.                            J11.1(208J11.1)

JAYACHANDRAM, P. T.               G08.5(145G08.5)

JAYACHANDRAN, P. T.               G06.4(108G06.4), GP1.19(232GP1.19), GP1.42(236GP1.42), GP2.38(272GP2.38)

JEFFERTS, S. R.                          A03.10(46A03.10)

JENSEN, P. D.                              KBE.3(40KBE.3)

JEON, J. S.                                   AB2.1(97AB2.1)

JESSNER, A.                                E05.6(84E05.6)

JEYAKUMAR, S.                           EP1.6(227EP1.6)

JI, Z.                                              CP.13(221CP.13)

JIANG, Y.                                      ABD.4(5ABD.4)

JICHA, O.                                      FP2.1(266FP2.1)

JIMENEZ, F.                                 A03.5(45A03.5)

JIN, G.                                           HG3.2(132HG3.2)

JIN, R.                                           FG.9(184FG.9)

JIN, S.                                           FG.9(184FG.9)

JIN, Y.                                           DB3.2(116DB3.2)

JIN, Y-Q.                                       F03.5(54F03.5)

JIWANI, A.                                    J02.4(42J02.4)

JOACHIMOWICZ, N.                   KBE.1(40KBE.1)

JOFRE, L.                                     D01.3(9D01.3)

JOHANSSON, M.                         K03.5(62K03.5)

JOHN, M. W.                                GP1.39(235GP1.39)

JOHN, W.                                     D01.2(9D01.2)

JOHNSON, J. T.                           F01.3(13F01.3)

JOISEL, A.                                    KBE.1(40KBE.1)

JONES, E.                                     KBE.8(41KBE.8)

JONES, G.                                    JP1.3(244JP1.3)

JONES, M.                                    JP1.19(246JP1.19)

JONES, S. M.                                AC.7(195AC.7)

JONES, S. M. R.                           FCA.5(203FCA.5)

JONSSON, B. L. G.                      AB3.5(154AB3.5), BP2.2(252BP2.2)

JORDANOVA, V. K.                      H03.3(58H03.3)

JORGENSEN, A.                          HP1.1(239HP1.1)

JOSE, L.                                        G05.4(88G05.4), GP1.36(235GP1.36)

JOSEPH, A. T.                              FP1.2(229FP1.2)

JOSEPH, J.                                   JP1.4(244JP1.4)

JOSEPH, W.                                 K05.10(115K05.10)

JOSHI, B. C.                                 JP2.2(281JP2.2)

JOUINI, W.                                   C13.6(199C13.6)

JOZAKI, R.                                    F05.6(86F05.6)

JU, Y. J.                                        EP2.8(265EP2.8)

JUEN, N.                                       K07.3(151K07.3)

K

KACHI, M.                                     F09.6(163F09.6)

KAERTNER, F. X.                         ABD.3(5ABD.3), AD.6(173AD.6), D03.3(50D03.3), DB1.3(29DB1.3), DB1.4(29DB1.4)

KAFANOV, S.                                A04.6(67A04.6)

KAGANOVSKY, Y.                        B01.1(7B01.1), B10.2(156B10.2)

KAINULAINEN, J.                         F06.9(107F06.9)

KAINZ, W.                                     K05.2(114K05.2)

KAISER, P. R.                               C06.2(70C06.2)

KAJITA, M.                                    AD.3(173AD.3)

KAKAD, A. P.                                 H01.2(17H01.2)

KAKAD, B. A.                                 GP1.2(230GP1.2)

KAMEDA, S.                                  C02.3(28C02.3)

KAMEL, A. H.                                BP2.37(257BP2.37)

KAMI, Y.                                        E11.2(201E11.2)

KAMIMURA, Y.                              K06.9(138K06.9)

KAMITANI, M.                               GP2.44(273GP2.44)

KAMOI, T.                                     GHE3.3(204GHE3.3)

KANADE, C.                                  JP2.11(282JP2.11)

KANDULA, D. Z.                           AD.7(174AD.7)

KANDULA, S. V.                            F07.5(128F07.5)

KANEKO, H.                                  JP2.19(283JP2.19)

KANEKO, T.                                  H09.7(166H09.7)

KANGASLAHTI, P.                        F07.6(129F07.6)

KANMAE, T.                                  GHE2.2(192GHE2.2)

KANTARTZIS, N. V.                      EP2.3(264EP2.3)

KAO, T-P.                                      DP2.6(225DP2.6)

KAPTEYN, H.                                D03.10(51D03.10)

KARABULUT, E. P.                       BP1.47(219BP1.47)

KARACOLAK, T.                           DP1.6(223DP1.6), K04.7(94K04.7), KP2.10(285KP2.10)

KARAN, Y.                                     E07.7(127E07.7)

KARANAM, K. K.                           F07.5(128F07.5)

KARDASHEV, N. S.                      JP2.18(283JP2.18)

KARKHANEH, H.                          C02.5(28C02.5)

KARTAL, M.                                  AB3.3(154AB3.3), BP2.17(254BP2.17)

KASABA, Y.                                   HP1.6(239HP1.6)

KASAHARA, Y.                              GHE3.2(204GHE3.2), H10.3(186H10.3), H10.4(186H10.4), H10.6(186H10.6), H10.8(187H10.8), HP1.6(239HP1.6), HP2.2(276HP2.2)

KASHANIFAR, M.                         DP4.9(263DP4.9)

KASPARIAN, J.                             D08.1(142D08.1)

KASPER, J. C.                              J11.2(208J11.2)

KASSIM, N. E.                               J02.3(42J02.3)

KASUGA, T.                                  JP2.16(283JP2.16)

KATAMZI, Z. T.                             G08.6(145G08.6), JG.3(171JG.3)

KATAYAMA, K.                              KP1.4(248KP1.4)

KATKO, A.                                     DB3.4(116DB3.4)

KATORI, H.                                   AD.4(173AD.4)

KATRIB, J.                                    KP2.1(284KP2.1)

KATSUDA, K.                                EP1.2(227EP1.2)

KATULSKI, R. J.                           F03.6(55F03.6)

KAUFMANN, P.                             JP2.10(282JP2.10), JP2.6(281JP2.6)

KAWABE, R.                                 J07.16(136J07.16), JP2.19(283JP2.19)

KAWAGUCHI, N.                          J07.6(134J07.6), JP1.10(245JP1.10), JP2.16(283JP2.16), JP2.19(283JP2.19)

KAWAMURA, Y.                            K05.6(114K05.6)

KAWANISHI, T.                             BJ.4(140BJ.4)

KAWASAKI, Z.                              E02.6(31E02.6), E02.7(32E02.7), EGH.5(72EGH.5)

KAWASE, K.                                  DAF1.6(160DAF1.6)

KAYA, A.                                        BP1.43(218BP1.43), F05.2(86F05.2)

KAYAMA, H.                                  CB.1(49CB.1)

KAYMAKSUT, E.                           C02.2(28C02.2)

KEDZIORA-CHUDZCER, L.         J11.1(208J11.1)

KEITH, G.                                      GP1.16(232GP1.16)

KEITH, G. M.                                 G01.7(16G01.7)

KEKATPURE, R. D.                      D07.6(124D07.6)

KELEKCI, O.                                 CD.3(44CD.3)

KELLEY, T. D.                               G06.4(108G06.4)

KELMA, C.                                     DP2.9(226DP2.9)

KEMPEL, L.                                   B07.1(99B07.1)

KEMPPINEN, A.                            A04.6(67A04.6)

KENT, S.                                       BP2.16(254BP2.16)

KERO, A.                                       G03.10(57G03.10)

KERSAL, Y.                                   ABD.2(5ABD.2)

KESARI, K. K.                                K06.8(138K06.8)

KESAVATH, V.                              AB2.10(98AB2.10), AB2.2(97AB2.2), AP.7(251AP.7)

KESKIN, A.                                    BP2.40(257BP2.40)

KETTUNEN, H.                             B06.1(80B06.1)

KHAKHINOV, V.                            HG3.11(133HG3.11), HP2.15(278HP2.15), HP2.16(278HP2.16)

KHAKHINOV, V. V.                       G04.6(74G04.6)

KHALAF, Z. I.                                C13.3(198C13.3)

KHAN, A.                                       K03.2(62K03.2)

KHAN, F. M.                                  D01.4(9D01.4)

KHAN, G. N.                                  D01.7(10D01.7)

KHAN, M. R. H.                             DP3.3(260DP3.3)

KHANDGAONKAR, D. B.             A02.3(25A02.3)

KHAYATIAN, B.                             F07.6(129F07.6)

KHERANI, E. A.                             G09.4(164G09.4), G09.5(164G09.5), GP1.39(235GP1.39), GP2.48(274GP2.48)

KHILO, A.                                      D07.3(124D07.3), DB1.4(29DB1.4)

KHISTE, B.                                    A02.5(25A02.5)

KHOBRAGADE, S.                       A02.5(25A02.5), AB2.7(98AB2.7)

KHOBRAGADE, S. V.                   A02.1(25A02.1), A02.2(25A02.2), A02.3(25A02.3), A02.4(25A02.4), A02.6(25A02.6), AB2.3(97AB2.3), AB2.5(97AB2.5), AB2.6(97AB2.6)

KHOSRAVI FARSANI, M.             E02.9(32E02.9)

KIBLER, B.                                    D08.2(142D08.2)

KIDANI, Y.                                     H02.1(37H02.1)

KIDERA, S.                                    B11.8(176B11.8), BP1.36(217BP1.36), BP1.38(218BP1.38)

KIENTEGA, T.                               KAE.6(191KAE.6)

KIENTEGA, T. T.                          KB.2(210KB.2)

KILANI, K.                                      E07.2(126E07.2)

KILDAL, P-S.                                 JP2.14(283JP2.14)

KILIC, E.                                        A04.4(66A04.4)

KILIC, O.                                       AC.3(194AC.3)

KIM, A. G.                                      G04.6(74G04.6), GP1.22(233GP1.22)

KIM, E. J.                                       FP1.2(229FP1.2)

KIM, K.                                           HP1.8(240HP1.8)

KIM, M.                                          FCA.4(203FCA.4)

KIM, T.                                           B05.6(69B05.6)

KIM, V. Y.                                      HP2.10(277HP2.10), HP2.17(278HP2.17)

KIM, Y.                                           B03.2(47B03.2)

KIMURA, K.                                   JP2.16(283JP2.16), JP2.19(283JP2.19)

KIMURA, M.                                  AGJ.7(119AGJ.7)

KINRADE, J.                                 GP1.18(232GP1.18)

KIRAGA, A.                                   HG2.5(110HG2.5)

KIRCHNER, M. S.                         ABD.4(5ABD.4)

KIRIMOTO, T.                               B11.8(176B11.8), BP1.36(217BP1.36), BP1.38(218BP1.38)

KISHK, A. A.                                  BP2.28(256BP2.28)

KISSIL, A.                                      J10.7(189J10.7)

KISSINGER, D.                             DB1.5(29DB1.5)

KITAEV, V. V.                                JP1.9(245JP1.9)

KITAGUCHI, S.                             H10.8(187H10.8)

KITANO, T.                                   C05.2(64C05.2)

KIUCHI, H.                                    BJ.4(140BJ.4)

KIYANI, N. F.                                 DP1.2(223DP1.2)

KIYOKAWA, T.                              K06.3(137K06.3)

KIZILAY, A.                                    BP1.10(214BP1.10)

KIZILBEY, O.                                 AC.6(194AC.6), CP.9(221CP.9)

KIZILHAN, A.                                 BP1.42(218BP1.42), DAF2.5(179DAF2.5)

KLATT, G.                                     D03.5(50D03.5)

KLEIN, B.                                       JP2.14(283JP2.14)

KLEIN, K-L.                                   J05.3(92J05.3)

KLENZING, J.                               G02.9(36G02.9), G09.6(164G09.6), H01.4(17H01.4)

KLENZING, J. H.                          G01.2(15G01.2), GP1.51(237GP1.51)

KLETZING, C. A.                          H11.7(207H11.7)

KLIMENKO, V. V.                          E02.5(31E02.5)

KLINKENBUSCH, L.                     E03.8(53E03.8)

KLOPF, J. M.                                JP2.6(281JP2.6)

KNEPP, D. L.                                 G01.7(16G01.7), GP1.32(234GP1.32)

KNEZEVIC, I.                                BD2.5(120BD2.5)

KNIZHIN, S. I.                               BP1.31(217BP1.31)

KNYAZEVA, M. A.                         GP1.59(238GP1.59)

KOAY, J. Y.                                   J11.1(208J11.1)

KOBAYASHI, H.                            B04.3(68B04.3)

KOBEA, A. T.                                GP2.36(272GP2.36)

KOCH, C.                                      K05.3(114K05.3)

KODERA, T.                                  BD1.9(27BD1.9)

KODILKAR, J.                               JP2.11(282JP2.11), JP2.12(282JP2.12)

KOEN, E. J.                                   HP1.21(242HP1.21)

KOEPKE, G.                                  E01.5(11E01.5)

KOERBER, K.                               E03.8(53E03.8)

KOHLBERG, I.                              E03.2(52E03.2)

KOHNO, K.                                   JP2.19(283JP2.19)

KOHNO, T.                                   AD.2(173AD.2)

KOIKE, A.                                      K06.10(138K06.10)

KOIVULA, H.                                 A04.6(67A04.6)

KOJIMA, H.                                   H10.4(186H10.4), H10.8(187H10.8), H11.3(206H11.3), HP1.3(239HP1.3), HP1.6(239HP1.6)

KOJIMA, M.                                   K06.10(138K06.10), K06.9(138K06.9)

KOJIMA, R.                                   AD.3(173AD.3), AD.5(173AD.5)

KOKSAL, A.                                   BP2.40(257BP2.40)

KOLMASOVA, I.                            GP1.26(233GP1.26)

KOLODZIEJSKI, L. A.                   D03.3(50D03.3)

KOMAKI, S.                                   CP.12(221CP.12)

KOMATSU, K.                               C02.3(28C02.3)

KOMIYAMA, A.                              BP1.24(216BP1.24)

KOMRAKOV, G. P.                       HG4.5(148HG4.5)

KON, S.                                         GP2.19(269GP2.19)

KONDO, T.                                   AGJ.7(119AGJ.7)

KONETSKAYA, E. V.                    FG.5(183FG.5)

KONISHI, Y.                                  BP2.47(258BP2.47), FCA.4(203FCA.4)

KONO, Y.                                      JP1.10(245JP1.10)

KONOVALENKO, A.                     JP1.18(246JP1.18)

KONOVALENKO, A. A.                 J02.7(43J02.7)

KONOVALYUK, M.                       F03.10(55F03.10)

KOOPMANS, L. V. E.                    J01.7(20J01.7)

KOOS, C.                                      D07.2(124D07.2)

KORDI, B.                                     E02.8(32E02.8)

KORENKOVA, N. A.                     GP1.60(238GP1.60)

KORENSTEIN, R.                         K06.7(138K06.7)

KORENSTEIN-ILAN, A.                K06.7(138K06.7)

KOREPANOV, V.                          EGH.6(72EGH.6)

KORKMAZ, E.                               AB2.8(98AB2.8), C11.6(157C11.6), C12.8(178C12.8), KP1.10(249KP1.10)

KORN, D.                                      D07.2(124D07.2)

KOSCH, M. J.                               GP1.12(231GP1.12), HG4.4(148HG4.4)

KOSEOGLU, H.                            DAF1.4(159DAF1.4), DP4.10(263DP4.10)

KOSMAS, P.                                  KBE.7(41KBE.7)

KOSTER, J.                                  BP1.39(218BP1.39)

KOTOVICH, G.                             GP2.39(272GP2.39)

KOTOVICH, G. V.                         GP1.22(233GP1.22)

KOTTERMAN, W.                         CA.4(122CA.4), CA.5(122CA.5)

KOUALI, M.                                   F06.3(106F06.3)

KOUBA, D.                                    GP1.43(236GP1.43)

KOUCKA KNIZOVA, P.                 GP1.43(236GP1.43)

KOUGBLENOU, S.                       HG2.9(111HG2.9)

KOURTICHE, D.                           KP2.1(284KP2.1)

KOVAL, A. A.                                 J02.7(43J02.7)

KOYAMA, Y.                                  AD.3(173AD.3), AD.5(173AD.5), AGJ.7(119AGJ.7), EP1.4(227EP1.4)

KOZELOV, B.                                HP1.25(242HP1.25)

KOZELOV, B. V.                           HP1.27(243HP1.27)

KRAFT, D.                                     DP4.11(263DP4.11)

KRAH, A.                                       CA.5(122CA.5)

KRAMER, M.                                 JP2.2(281JP2.2)

KRANKOWSKI, A.                        G02.3(35G02.3), G02.7(36G02.7), GP1.14(232GP1.14), GP1.60(238GP1.60), GP2.26(270GP2.26), GP2.51(274GP2.51)

KRASHENINNIKOV, I. V.              HP2.17(278HP2.17)

KRASNOV, O.                               F05.7(87F05.7)

KRATZENBERG, E.                      J01.4(19J01.4)

KRAVTSOV, Y. A.                         BP1.31(217BP1.31)

KREHBIEL, P. R.                           GHE2.4(192GHE2.4)

KRETH, A.                                     E01.3(11E01.3), E03.10(53E03.10)

KRISHNA, A. K.                             C13.1(198C13.1)

KRISTENSSON, G.                      A04.2(66A04.2), B06.5(80B06.5), B12.5(196B12.5)

KROLLA, B.                                   DAF1.2(159DAF1.2)

KROZER, V.                                  DAF2.9(180DAF2.9)

KRTNER, F. X.                              D07.3(124D07.3)

KRUGLOV, V.                               D08.6(142D08.6)

KRYPIAK-GREGORCZYK, A.      G02.3(35G02.3), G02.7(36G02.7)

KUBICKE, G.                                 F06.3(106F06.3)

KUBOTA, T.                                  F09.6(163F09.6)

KUCHAREK, H.                             H02.3(37H02.3)

KUDAKA, A. S.                              JP2.10(282JP2.10)

KUDEKI, E.                                    G03.8(57G03.8), H01.7(18H01.7)

KUDRIN, A. V.                               BP1.2(213BP1.2), H09.5(165H09.5), HP2.8(277HP2.8)

KUDZIN, V. P.                               C12.9(178C12.9)

KUERNER, T.                               CA.10(123CA.10)

KÜHN, S.                                       K03.3(62K03.3)

KUKUTSU, N.                               DAF1.3(159DAF1.3)

KULAC, S.                                     C13.4(198C13.4)

KULIZHSKY, A. V.                         BP1.31(217BP1.31)

KULKARNI, P. S.                           F06.8(107F06.8)

KUMAGAI, M.                                AD.5(173AD.5)

KUMAGAI, T.                                KP2.3(284KP2.3)

KUMAMOTO, A.                           H10.6(186H10.6)

KUMAMOTO, K.                           CP.12(221CP.12)

KUMAR, K. K.                                F06.5(106F06.5), G01.3(15G01.3)

KUMAR, N.                                    C01.1(8C01.1)

KUMAR, P.                                    E03.6(52E03.6)

KUMAR, S.                                    F07.9(129F07.9), K06.8(138K06.8), K08.2(168K08.2)

KUNITSYN, V. E.                          GP1.17(232GP1.17), GP2.27(271GP2.27), HG4.5(148HG4.5)

KUNO, N.                                      JP2.19(283JP2.19)

KUNUGITA, N.                              KP1.7(249KP1.7)

KUO, C-G.                                    AP.4(250AP.4), DP4.13(263DP4.13)

KUO, C-L.                                     GHE2.1(192GHE2.1)

KURKIN, V.                                   GP1.25(233GP1.25), GP2.24(270GP2.24)

KURKIN, V. I.                                F06.7(107F06.7), G01.4(15G01.4), G04.6(74G04.6), GP2.25(270GP2.25), HP1.2(239HP1.2)

KURNAZ, O.                                 CA.8(123CA.8), F02.9(34F02.9)

KUROKAWA, T.                            HP1.5(239HP1.5)

KURT, M.                                      FG.10(184FG.10)

KURUM, M.                                   F04.4(73F04.4)

KURUP, D.                                    K05.10(115K05.10)

KUSHNAREV, D.                          HP2.15(278HP2.15), HP2.16(278HP2.16)

KUSHNAREV, D. S.                      GP1.46(236GP1.46)

KUSTEPELI, A.                             BP1.17(215BP1.17)

KUSTER, N.                                  K03.3(62K03.3), K05.1(114K05.1), K05.2(114K05.2), KAE.4(190KAE.4), KP2.2(284KP2.2)

KUTELEV, K. A.                            GP2.25(270GP2.25)

KUTLU, K.                                     GP1.62(238GP1.62)

KUTZ, C.                                       J02.3(42J02.3)

KUZICHEV, I.                                HP1.9(240HP1.9)

KUZNETSOV, Y.                           DB1.8(30DB1.8), F03.10(55F03.10)

KUZUOGLU, M.                            B06.4(80B06.4)

KVICERA, V.                                 F03.11(55F03.11), FP2.1(266FP2.1)

KWAK, Y. S.                                  GP1.27(234GP1.27)

L

LA HOZ, C.                                   G03.9(57G03.9)

LAAKSO, H.                                  HG2.10(111HG2.10)

LABENSKI, J.                                HP2.14(278HP2.14)

LACASSE, R.                                JP1.12(245JP1.12)

LACH, C.                                       DBC.3(71DBC.3)

LACY, G.                                       J03.7(61J03.7), J07.21(136J07.21)

LADBURY, J.                                E01.5(11E01.5)

LAEMMLE, B.                                DB1.5(29DB1.5)

LAISNE, A.                                    E01.4(11E01.4)

LAITINEN, T. A.                            AB1.1(78AB1.1), B04.1(68B04.1)

LAKAFOSIS, V.                             DT.1(103DT.1)

LAKHINA, G. S.                             H01.2(17H01.2), H01.3(17H01.3), HP1.13(240HP1.13)

LALE, A.                                        A02.5(25A02.5)

LALLECHERE, S.                          E01.2(11E01.2)

LALOUAT, L.                                 DP3.8(261DP3.8)

LALY, P.                                        E07.2(126E07.2)

LAM, H. Y.                                     F02.7(34F02.7)

LAMBROZO, J.                             KP1.9(249KP1.9)

LAMPROGLOU, I.                        K06.6(138K06.6)

LAMPROPOULOS, P.                  J01.7(20J01.7)

LAMY, H.                                       G03.4(56G03.4), G08.3(145G08.3)

LANCELLOTTI, V.                        B12.3(196B12.3)

LANDMANN, M.                            CA.4(122CA.4), CA.5(122CA.5)

LANDON, J.                                  BJ.3(140BJ.3)

LANG, R. H.                                  F01.1(13F01.1), F02.2(33F02.2), F04.1(73F04.1), F04.5(73F04.5), F04.6(73F04.6), FP1.2(229FP1.2)

LANG, T. J.                                   GHE2.4(192GHE2.4)

LANGAT, P. K.                              E08.1(143E08.1)

LANGHAM, C.                               ABD.2(5ABD.2)

LANGLAIS, C.                               CBD.2(82CBD.2)

LANGLEY, R. B.                            GP1.42(236GP1.42)

LANGLEY, R. S.                            E10.1(181E10.1)

LANGTRY, C.                               E05.2(84E05.2)

LAPID, O.                                      J05.1(92J05.1)

LARKINA, V. I.                               EP2.5(264EP2.5), GP2.46(273GP2.46)

LARSSON, C.                               B06.5(80B06.5)

LARYUNIN, O. A.                          F06.7(107F06.7)

LASTOVICKA, J.                           G07.10(131G07.10)

LATRACH, M.                               CHGBDJK.10(102CHGBDJK.10)

LATYPOV, R. R.                           GP2.3(267GP2.3)

LAU, B. K.                                      CB.4(49CB.4)

LAU, R. K. W.                                D08.3(142D08.3)

LAUBEN, D. S.                              E09.3(161E09.3)

LAURELL, F.                                 D08.4(142D08.4)

LAURIA, E. F.                                J07.15(135J07.15)

LAURIN, J-J.                                 KBE.1(40KBE.1)

LAURO, S. E.                                EP1.11(228EP1.11)

LAUTRU, D.                                  B04.4(68B04.4), K03.1(62K03.1)

LAVASSAR, N.                              GP2.40(272GP2.40)

LAVOREL, B.                                D08.1(142D08.1)

LAWRENCE, S.                            EP1.7(228EP1.7)

LAZAROV, A. D.                           F05.5(86F05.5)

LAZIO, J.                                       AGJ.3(118AGJ.3)

LE GUENNEC, D.                         C13.6(199C13.6)

LE ROUX, X.                                 D03.11(51D03.11)

LE VINE, D. M.                              F04.1(73F04.1)

LEAL SEVILLANO, C. A.               BP2.15(254BP2.15)

LEBEDEV, V.                                 HG3.11(133HG3.11), HP2.15(278HP2.15), HP2.16(278HP2.16)

LEBOFSKY, M.                             J11.4(208J11.4)

LECOQ, Y.                                    ABD.1(5ABD.1)

LEE, A. L.                                      F07.6(129F07.6)

LEE, A-K.                                       KAE.2(190KAE.2)

LEE, C-C.                                      GP1.21(233GP1.21), GP1.7(231GP1.7), GP1.9(231GP1.9)

LEE, D. Y.                                      EP2.8(265EP2.8)

LEE, D-H.                                      HP1.8(240HP1.8)

LEE, H.                                          DT.1(103DT.1)

LEE, J. J.                                       GP1.27(234GP1.27)

LEE, J. K.                                      BP1.14(214BP1.14), BP1.22(215BP1.22)

LEE, L-C.                                       GHE2.1(192GHE2.1), H02.4(37H02.4)

LEE, L-J.                                       GHE2.1(192GHE2.1)

LEE, W. T. E.                                C13.5(198C13.5)

LEE, Y. R.                                      EP2.8(265EP2.8)

LEFERINK, F.                               EB.8(105EB.8)

LEFERINK, F. B. J.                       A04.1(66A04.1)

LEGROS, A. G.                             K07.3(151K07.3)

LEHTINEN, N. G.                          E09.3(161E09.3), HG3.2(132HG3.2), HG3.4(132HG3.4), HP2.12(277HP2.12)

LEI, Y.                                            C11.2(157C11.2)

LEITENSTORFER, A.                   D03.1(50D03.1)

LEKHA, M. N.                                H09.3(165H09.3)

LEMAITRE-AUGER, P.                 B10.6(156B10.6), DBC.2(71DBC.2)

LEMBEGE, B.                                H02.2(37H02.2), HP1.14(241HP1.14), HP1.16(241HP1.16)

LEMKE, N.                                     ABD.4(5ABD.4)

LEMOINE, C.                                E01.4(11E01.4)

LENK, O.                                       FG.10(184FG.10)

LEONOR, N. R. C.                        F03.4(54F03.4)

LERA ACEDO, E. D.                     J02.4(42J02.4)

LESCHENKO, V. S.                      GP1.60(238GP1.60)

LESHEM, A.                                  J06.9(113J06.9)

LETHINEN, N. G.                          GHE1.3(147GHE1.3)

LEUSKI, V.                                    DP4.11(263DP4.11)

LEUTHOLD, J.                              D07.2(124D07.2)

LEVADNYI, I.                                 FP2.3(266FP2.3)

LEVANDA, R.                                J06.9(113J06.9)

LEVENSON, A.                             D03.8(51D03.8)

LEVEQUE, P.                                K06.6(138K06.6)

LEVEQUE, P. P.                            K06.5(137K06.5)

LEVINE, J.                                     A03.8(46A03.8)

LI, C.                                              F07.7(129F07.7)

LI, E.                                              BD2.1(120BD2.1), DB1.1(29DB1.1)

LI, H.                                              CB.4(49CB.4)

LI, J.                                              D07.2(124D07.2), GHE1.1(147GHE1.1), GHE2.4(192GHE2.4)

LI, T.                                              ABD.1(5ABD.1), AGJ.7(119AGJ.7)

LI, W.                                             AB1.5(78AB1.5)

LI, Y.                                              AD.3(173AD.3), AD.5(173AD.5)

LIANG, C.                                      E09.3(161E09.3)

LIAO, C-S.                                     GP1.7(231GP1.7)

LIAO, G.                                        F05.3(86F05.3)

LIAO, Y-J.                                     AP.3(250AP.3), DP4.13(263DP4.13)

LIBERTI, M.                                   K01.1(21K01.1), K01.2(21K01.2)

LICHTENBERGER, J.                  H11.5(206H11.5), HP1.1(239HP1.1)

LIENARD, M.                                 E07.2(126E07.2)

LIMPERT, J.                                  D03.6(50D03.6)

LIN, C. H.                                      G05.5(88G05.5)

LIN, F-H.                                       K07.4(151K07.4)

LIN, H-T.                                       GP1.7(231GP1.7)

LIN, H-Y.                                       K05.9(115K05.9)

LIN, J. C.                                       K04.1(93K04.1)

LIN, S.                                           C02.6(28C02.6)

LIN, W-C.                                      DP2.5(225DP2.5)

LIN, Y-S.                                        DP2.6(225DP2.6)

LIND, F. D.                                    G03.6(57G03.6), G06.6(109G06.6)

LINDELL, I. V.                               B01.4(7B01.4), B05.2(69B05.2)

LINDHOLM, H.                              K05.8(115K05.8)

LINDQVIST, M.                             J07.1(134J07.1)

LINIGER, M.                                  F03.7(55F03.7)

LINSCOTT, I. R.                           J05.4(92J05.4)

LINTON, D.                                   AB3.1(154AB3.1), EP1.6(227EP1.6)

LIPPENS, D.                                  D07.7(125D07.7)

LIPSON, M.                                   D08.3(142D08.3)

LIRA, J. A.                                     E08.5(143E08.5)

LISAUSKAS, A.                             DAF2.9(180DAF2.9)

LISENO, A.                                    BP2.42(258BP2.42)

LISSEK, H.                                    BD1.7(27BD1.7)

LITTLE, A.                                     J11.4(208J11.4)

LITTLE, F. E.                                 CHGBDJK.3(101CHGBDJK.3)

LIU, D.                                           JP2.9(282JP2.9)

LIU, F.                                           J05.6(92J05.6), JP2.9(282JP2.9)

LIU, H.                                           G09.3(164G09.3), GP2.23(270GP2.23)

LIU, J.                                            BD2.2(120BD2.2), D07.1(124D07.1)

LIU, J. Y.                                       G05.5(88G05.5)

LIU, J-Y.                                        GHE3.5(204GHE3.5)

LIU, K.                                           KP1.1(248KP1.1)

LIU, N.                                           GHE2.3(192GHE2.3)

LIU, Q.                                           BP1.4(213BP1.4)

LIU, Q. H.                                      BD2.2(120BD2.2)

LIU, Q-F.                                       EB.10(105EB.10)

LIU, X-X.                                        BD1.8(27BD1.8)

LJUSIC, Z.                                    JP1.14(246JP1.14)

LLOMBART, N.                             DAF2.4(179DAF2.4)

LLOYD, T.                                     K05.2(114K05.2)

LOGNONNE, P.                            G09.4(164G09.4), GP2.48(274GP2.48)

LOINTIER, G.                               HG2.9(111HG2.9)

LOMBARDI, G.                             B12.7(197B12.7)

LOMBARDI, M. A.                         A03.5(45A03.5)

LONSDALE, C.                             J07.9(135J07.9)

LONSDALE, C. J.                         J01.4(19J01.4), J11.2(208J11.2), JG.2(171JG.2)

LOPEZ R., J. M.                            A03.5(45A03.5)

LOPEZ-CANIEGO, M.                  JP2.1(281JP2.1)

LOPEZ-PEREZ, J.                        C12.1(177C12.1)

LOTKHOV, S. V.                           A04.6(67A04.6)

LOTZ, S. I.                                    GP2.20(269GP2.20)

LOU, J.                                          J10.7(189J10.7)

LOUET, Y.                                     C06.2(70C06.2), C11.1(157C11.1), C11.4(157C11.4)

LOUMEAU, P.                               C06.5(70C06.5)

LOURS, M.                                    ABD.1(5ABD.1)

LOVELL, J. E. J.                           J11.1(208J11.1)

LOVRIC, D.                                   A04.2(66A04.2)

LOZITO, A.                                   GP2.33(271GP2.33)

LU, B.                                            KAE.1(190KAE.1)

LU, G.                                            GHE1.1(147GHE1.1), GHE2.4(192GHE2.4)

LU, M.                                            KP2.4(284KP2.4)

LUDLOW, A.                                 ABD.4(5ABD.4)

LUETTGEN, A.                             HP2.11(277HP2.11)

LUI, H-S.                                       F01.4(13F01.4), K03.5(62K03.5)

LUINI, L.                                        F02.7(34F02.7)

LUITEN, A.                                    ABD.1(5ABD.1)

LUO, B.                                         DF.7(200DF.7), DP3.2(260DP3.2)

LUOMAHAARA, J.                        A04.6(67A04.6)

LUPU, A.                                       DP4.4(262DP4.4)

LUUKKONEN, O.                          BD1.5(26BD1.5)

LYALINOV, M. A.                          B12.1(196B12.1)

LYONS, W. A.                               GHE2.4(192GHE2.4)

LYSKO, A. A.                                 BP2.38(257BP2.38), BP2.39(257BP2.39)

M

M S, N.                                          AB2.2(97AB2.2)

M. EL-BENDARY, M. A.                CP.11(221CP.11)

M. EL-BENDARY, M. M.               C05.4(64C05.4)

MA, G.                                           C10.4(141C10.4)

MAALEJ, A.                                   C06.5(70C06.5)

MAASKANT, R.                             JP1.15(246JP1.15)

MABROUK, M.                              DP1.4(223DP1.4)

MACDOUGALL, J. W.                  G06.4(108G06.4), G08.5(145G08.5), GP1.42(236GP1.42), GP2.38(272GP2.38)

MACELLONI, G.                           F04.3(73F04.3), F06.1(106F06.1)

MACGORMAN, D. R.                   GHE2.4(192GHE2.4)

MACHADO, C. S.                          GP1.41(236GP1.41)

MACI, S.                                        B03.7(48B03.7), B10.3(156B10.3), BD1.3(26BD1.3), EB.6(104EB.6)

MACIT, C.                                     EP1.5(227EP1.5)

MACKENZIE, E.                            G05.3(88G05.3)

MACKWELL, S.                             J05.1(92J05.1)

MACPHIE, R. H.                            BJ.6(140BJ.6)

MACQUART, J-P.                         GP2.41(273GP2.41), J11.1(208J11.1)

MACUSOVA, E.                            HP1.25(242HP1.25)

MADHUKUMAR, A. S.                  C13.1(198C13.1)

MAEDA, T.                                    F09.7(163F09.7)

MAEKAWA, J.                               JP2.19(283JP2.19)

MAEKAWA, S.                               GHE3.2(204GHE3.2)

MAESTRINI, A.                             F01.6(13F01.6)

MAGNE, I.                                     KP2.1(284KP2.1)

MAHARAJ, S. K.                           HP1.21(242HP1.21)

MAHFOUZ, Z.                               K03.1(62K03.1)

MAHMOOD, Q.                             K07.6(152K07.6)

MAHMOUD, M. S.                         KP2.5(284KP2.5)

MAHMOUD, S. F.                         BP2.11(253BP2.11)

MAIER, G.                                     CBD.1(82CBD.1)

MAIER, S. A.                                 DB2.1(83DB2.1)

MAISI, V. F.                                   A04.6(67A04.6)

MAITRA, A.                                   F02.4(33F02.4), F02.6(33F02.6), F03.3(54F03.3)

MAJI, S.                                         GP2.13(268GP2.13), GP2.14(269GP2.14)

MAJID, W.                                     AGJ.3(118AGJ.3)

MAKAL, S.                                     BP1.10(214BP1.10)

MAKHARADZE, K. A.                    DP3.9(261DP3.9)

MALEKI, L.                                    AD.9(174AD.9)

MALHOUROUX, N.                      FCA.3(203FCA.3)

MALIET, P.                                    F01.2(13F01.2), G01.6(15G01.6)

MALLARD, B.                                JP1.3(244JP1.3)

MALLARD, W.                               J11.4(208J11.4)

MALTSEVA, O. A.                         GP1.52(237GP1.52), GP2.1(267GP2.1), GP2.32(271GP2.32)

MALTZ, A.                                     F08.1(153F08.1)

MALZER, S.                                  DAF1.4(159DAF1.4)

MANABE, T.                                  F05.6(86F05.6)

MANARA, G.                                 B03.4(47B03.4)

MANFREDI, P.                              E10.7(182E10.7), E11.1(201E11.1)

MANHOLM, L.                               CB.2(49CB.2)

MANJHI, J.                                    K08.2(168K08.2)

MANNINEN, A.                              A04.6(67A04.6)

MANNINEN, J.                              HP1.1(239HP1.1)

MANZHURA, O.                            B10.5(156B10.5), C10.6(141C10.6)

MANZONI, C.                                D03.1(50D03.1)

MARCON, R.                                JP2.10(282JP2.10)

MAREEV, E. A.                              E02.5(31E02.5)

MARKKANEN, J.                           B05.2(69B05.2), HG4.6(149HG4.6)

MARKLEIN, R.                              B07.9(100B07.9)

MARKOVA, M.                              EP1.10(228EP1.10)

MARPAUNG, D. A. I.                    DP3.3(260DP3.3)

MARQUES, R.                              DB3.5(116DB3.5)

MARRACINO, P.                           K01.1(21K01.1), K01.2(21K01.2)

MARRIS-MORINI, D.                    D03.11(51D03.11)

MARROCCO, G.                          D01.1(9D01.1)

MARRONCELLI, M.                      D01.5(9D01.5), DP1.1(223DP1.1)

MARSHALL, H. R.                         K07.5(151K07.5)

MARSHALL, R. A.                         GP2.40(272GP2.40)

MARTEL, R.                                  DB1.7(30DB1.7)

MARTENS, L.                                K05.10(115K05.10)

MARTHI, V. R.                              JP2.5(281JP2.5)

MARTINEZ, R.                              B07.3(99B07.3)

MARTINI, E.                                  B03.7(48B03.7), B10.3(156B10.3), BD1.3(26BD1.3)

MARUN, A.                                    JP2.10(282JP2.10)

MARUYAMA, T.                            CB.1(49CB.1), G07.4(130G07.4)

MARVIN, A.                                   C12.6(177C12.6)

MASHAYEKHI, S.                          E02.8(32E02.8)

MASI, V.                                        A03.5(45A03.5)

MASLOVSKI, S. I.                         BD1.5(26BD1.5)

MASLOWSKI, G.                          E02.3(31E02.3)

MASSA, A.                                     B11.1(175B11.1), B11.2(175B11.2), CHGBDJK.4(101CHGBDJK.4)

MASSARDI, M.                              JP2.1(281JP2.1)

MASSON, A.                                 HG2.10(111HG2.10)

MASTERS, J.                                JP1.3(244JP1.3)

MASUI, Y.                                      J10.4(188J10.4)

MATERASSI, M.                            G07.2(130G07.2)

MATHESON, D.                            F01.6(13F01.6)

MATHEWS, J. D.                          G01.2(15G01.2), G08.1(145G08.1), GP1.44(236GP1.44)

MATHUR, R.                                 K08.2(168K08.2)

MATSAKIS, D.                               A03.4(45A03.4), AGJ.6(118AGJ.6)

MATSKO, A. B.                             AD.9(174AD.9)

MATSUBARA, K.                           AD.3(173AD.3), AD.5(173AD.5)

MATSUKIYO, S.                            H02.1(37H02.1)

MATSUMOTO, H.                         CHGBDJK.5(101CHGBDJK.5)

MATSUMOTO, K.                         JP2.16(283JP2.16)

MATSUMOTO, Y.                         E10.2(181E10.2)

MATSUOKA, T.                             H09.4(165H09.4)

MATTEI, E.                                    EP1.11(228EP1.11)

MAULUDIYANTO, A.                    DP4.12(263DP4.12)

MAURICE, O.                                EP1.3(227EP1.3)

MAURYA, A. K.                             GP2.42(273GP2.42), HP2.22(279HP2.22)

MAUTZ, J. R.                                B04.6(68B04.6), B05.3(69B05.3), BP1.45(219BP1.45)

MAYANK, K.                                  HG1.3(90HG1.3)

MAZELLE, C.                                H10.9(187H10.9), HP1.16(241HP1.16)

MAZOR, R.                                   K06.7(138K06.7)

MCCARRICK, M.                          HG3.6(133HG3.6)

MCCOOL, R.                                J03.3(60J03.3)

MCCREA, I.                                   GP1.12(231GP1.12)

MCCREA, I. W.                             G03.1(56G03.1), G03.2(56G03.2), G03.5(56G03.5)

MCCULLOUGH, R.                      JP1.3(244JP1.3)

MCDONALD, K. F.                        E03.6(52E03.6)

MCEWEN, J. D.                            J06.8(113J06.8)

MCFERRAN, J. J.                         AD.1(173AD.1)

MCHARG, M. G.                           GHE2.2(192GHE2.2)

MCKELVEY, T.                              K07.6(152K07.6)

MCKINNELL, L-A.                         G04.4(74G04.4), G06.3(108G06.3), G08.6(145G08.6), GP1.29(234GP1.29), GP1.3(230GP1.3), GP2.20(269GP2.20)

MCLEAN, J.                                  BP1.25(216BP1.25)

MCMILLAN, R. W.                        E03.2(52E03.2)

MEADOWS, J.                              J10.4(188J10.4)

MEBRAHTU, A.                             HP2.13(278HP2.13)

MECKLENBRAEUKER, C. F.       CBD.1(82CBD.1)

MEDVEDEV, A. V.                         F07.10(129F07.10), G02.6(35G02.6), HP1.2(239HP1.2)

MEEN, T-H.                                   AP.2(250AP.2), DP4.13(263DP4.13)

MEHRA, K.                                    CA.6(123CA.6)

MEHTA, M. V.                               JP2.8(282JP2.8)

MEJRI, S.                                      AD.1(173AD.1)

MELAMED, T.                               B10.1(156B10.1)

MELIA, G. C. R.                            KAE.10(191KAE.10)

MEMARZADEH-TEHRAN, H.       KBE.1(40KBE.1)

MÉNARD, M.                                 D08.3(142D08.3)

MENCARELLI, D.                          BD2.3(120BD2.3), DB1.6(29DB1.6)

MENDE, S.                                    GHE2.1(192GHE2.1)

MENE, N. M.                                 GP1.1(230GP1.1), GP2.36(272GP2.36)

MENG, F. Z.                                  BP1.16(215BP1.16)

MENZEL, K.                                  D01.4(9D01.4)

MESA LEDESMA, F.                     E11.4(201E11.4)

MESCHKE, M.                               A04.6(67A04.6)

MESSIHA, N. T.                            BP1.3(213BP1.3)

MESSINA, F.                                 A03.9(46A03.9)

MESSING, R.                                JP1.13(245JP1.13)

MEYER, S. G.                               HG1.5(90HG1.5)

MEZIANE, K.                                 G06.4(108G06.4)

MICHIELSSEN, E.                         EB.2(104EB.2)

MIHARA, S.                                   CHGBDJK.2(101CHGBDJK.2)

MIKHAILOV, A.                             GP1.53(237GP1.53)

MIKKI, S. M.                                  BP1.11(214BP1.11)

MIKOSHIBA, H.                             JP2.19(283JP2.19)

MILLA, M. A.                                  G03.8(57G03.8), GP1.6(230GP1.6), GP2.7(268GP2.7)

MILLENAAR, R.                            J03.6(60J03.6)

MILLENAAR, R. P.                        J01.3(19J01.3), J03.2(60J03.2)

MILLER, C. R.                               K05.4(114K05.4)

MILLER, J.                                    K07.3(151K07.3)

MILLER, S.                                    G05.1(88G05.1)

MILLOT, G.                                   D08.2(142D08.2)

MILOCH, W. J.                             H09.3(165H09.3), HP1.7(240HP1.7)

MINASIAN, R. A.                           DP1.5(223DP1.5)

MINATTI, G.                                  B03.11(48B03.11)

MINEMATSU, M.                           DP4.10(263DP4.10)

MINEO, M.                                    BD2.6(120BD2.6)

MIR, L. M.                                      K01.5(21K01.5), K01.7(22K01.7)

MISHIN, E.                                    H01.1(17H01.1), HG4.1(148HG4.1)

MISHRA, P. K.                               C05.5(64C05.5)

MITANI, T.                                     CHGBDJK.1(101CHGBDJK.1), CHGBDJK.5(101CHGBDJK.5), CHGBDJK.6(101CHGBDJK.6)

MITCHELL, C.                               GP1.18(232GP1.18)

MITCHELL, C. N.                          JG.3(171JG.3)

MITHARWAL, R.                           HP1.4(239HP1.4)

MITRA, D.                                     J11.5(208J11.5)

MIURA, A.                                     CP.3(220CP.3)

MIYAKAWA, N.                             DP4.10(263DP4.10)

MIYAKE, T.                                    HP1.5(239HP1.5)

MIYAKE, Y.                                    H11.3(206H11.3)

MIYAKOSHI, J.                             K06.3(137K06.3), KP1.3(248KP1.3)

MIYAZAKI, K.                                E02.10(32E02.10)

MIYAZAWA, C.                             JP2.19(283JP2.19)

MIYAZAWA, K.                              JP2.19(283JP2.19)

MIZUNO, S.                                  JP1.10(245JP1.10)

MKADDEM, F.                               C11.7(158C11.7)

MLIQUE, X.                                   D07.7(125D07.7)

MODOLO, J.                                 K07.3(151K07.3)

MOELLER, L.                                DAF2.7(180DAF2.7)

MOGHADDAM, M.                        KBE.4(40KBE.4)

MOHAMMADI, P.                          CP.15(222CP.15)

MOHAMMADPOUR-AGHDAM, K.         B07.8(100B07.8)

MOHAMMED, U. S.                      CP.1(220CP.1)

MOHD ISA, F. N.                          C12.4(177C12.4)

MOHD ZAIN, A. F.                        FG.8(184FG.8)

MOHILE, V.                                   JP2.12(282JP2.12)

MOHR, J. J.                                  KBE.3(40KBE.3)

MOINI, R.                                      E02.9(32E02.9)

MOL, J. D.                                     JP1.1(244JP1.1)

MOLCHANOV, O. A.                    GHE3.2(204GHE3.2)

MOLDWIN, M. B.                          HP2.13(278HP2.13)

MOLERA, G.                                 JP1.3(244JP1.3)

MOLLA-DJAFARI, H.                    K03.4(62K03.4)

MOLLET, O.                                  DB2.5(83DB2.5)

MOLODTSOVA, I.                        AGJ.2(118AGJ.2)

MONARI, J.                                   J02.4(42J02.4)

MONDAL, M.                                 CP.6(220CP.6)

MONDAL, S. K.                             G08.4(145G08.4), GP2.13(268GP2.13), GP2.14(269GP2.14), GP2.15(269GP2.15), GP2.18(269GP2.18)

MONEBHURRUN, V.                    KB.1(210KB.1), KP2.6(284KP2.6)

MONORCHIO, A.                         DAF2.2(179DAF2.2), DP4.7(263DP4.7)

MONROE, M.                                K08.4(168K08.4)

MONTEBUGNOLI, S.                   J02.4(42J02.4)

MONTEJO GARAI, J. R.              BP2.15(254BP2.15)

MONTES, O.                                 F07.6(129F07.6)

MONTESINOS, I.                          B07.3(99B07.3)

MOON, C.                                     H09.7(166H09.7)

MORA, N.                                      E01.7(11E01.7), E03.4(52E03.4)

MORALES, M. F.                          J02.6(42J02.6)

MORAN, J.                                    JP1.11(245JP1.11)

MOREIRA, A.                                FT.1(144FT.1)

MORELAND, E. C.                        K04.7(94K04.7)

MORGADO, A. J.                         C10.2(141C10.2)

MORGAN, D. D.                           HG2.7(111HG2.7), HG2.8(111HG2.8)

MORGENWEG, J.                        AD.7(174AD.7)

MORI, S.                                       HP1.3(239HP1.3)

MORIMOTO, T.                            E02.6(31E02.6), E02.7(32E02.7), EGH.5(72EGH.5)

MORITAKA, T.                              HP1.20(241HP1.20)

MORSE, J. L.                                D03.3(50D03.3)

MOSADDEGHI, A.                        E02.1(31E02.1)

MOSIG, J. R.                                BD1.7(27BD1.7), BP2.46(258BP2.46), DB1.10(30DB1.10)

MOSTAFA, H. M.                          KP1.5(248KP1.5)

MOSTARSHEDI, S.                      KB.3(210KB.3)

MOTEVASSELIAN, A.                   AB3.5(154AB3.5)

MOTOMURA, T.                           H09.4(165H09.4)

MOTTONEN, M.                           A04.6(67A04.6)

MOY, C.                                        C13.6(199C13.6)

MOZER, F.                                    H03.8(59H03.8)

MOZHAEVA, N. S.                        GP2.1(267GP2.1), GP2.32(271GP2.32)

MRAD, M.                                      ABD.2(5ABD.2)

MRIDULA, S.                                 AB2.10(98AB2.10)

MUELLER, W.                               K05.7(115K05.7)

MUKHERJEE, A.                           CP.4(220CP.4)

MUKHOPADHYAY, B.                  DP3.1(260DP3.1)

MUKHOPADHYAY, P.                  F07.4(128F07.4)

MULLER, P.                                  DAF1.4(159DAF1.4)

MURAOKA, K.                               JP2.19(283JP2.19)

MURIB, M. S.                                D07.5(124D07.5)

MURNANE, M.                              D03.10(51D03.10)

MURTAZA, N.                               CA.5(122CA.5)

MUSALE, P.                                  A02.1(25A02.1)

MUSALE, P. D.                              AB2.3(97AB2.3), AB2.6(97AB2.6)

MUSCHIETTI, L.                           H02.2(37H02.2)

MUSHA, M.                                   AGJ.8(119AGJ.8)

MUSHINI, S. C.                             GP1.19(232GP1.19)

MUSRIF, P. G.                              JP2.3(281JP2.3)

MUSTACOGLU, H.                       B04.6(68B04.6), B05.3(69B05.3)

MUTO, F.                                      GHE3.2(204GHE3.2)

MYKKANEN, E.                             A04.6(67A04.6)

MYSLIVETS, S. A.                         DP2.10(226DP2.10)

N

NADAKUDUTI, J.                          K03.3(62K03.3)

NADI, M.                                        KP2.1(284KP2.1)

NAFKHA, A.                                  C13.3(198C13.3)

NAGAE, H.                                    KP1.4(248KP1.4)

NAGANO, I.                                  E02.10(32E02.10), HP2.2(276HP2.2), KP1.4(248KP1.4)

NAGANO, S.                                 AD.3(173AD.3), AD.5(173AD.5)

NAGAOKA, T.                               KAE.3(190KAE.3), KAE.6(191KAE.6)

NAGAR, N.                                    JP1.12(245JP1.12)

NAGATSUMA, T.                          DAF1.3(159DAF1.3)

NAITO, I.                                       BP2.47(258BP2.47)

NAKAGAWA, F.                            A03.3(45A03.3), AGJ.7(119AGJ.7)

NAKAGAWA, K.                            AGJ.8(119AGJ.8)

NAKAGAWA, T.                            H10.7(187H10.7)

NAKAJIMA, Y.                               AD.2(173AD.2)

NAKAMURA, M.                            AGJ.7(119AGJ.7)

NAKAMURA, T.                             C10.1(141C10.1), GHE3.2(204GHE3.2), H09.4(165H09.4)

NAKAMURA, Y.                             EGH.5(72EGH.5)

NAKANO, H.                                 BP1.15(214BP1.15)

NAKASONO, S.                            K06.2(137K06.2), K06.4(137K06.4), KP1.6(248KP1.6)

NAKATA, J.                                   D07.5(124D07.5)

NAKATANI, T.                               GP2.44(273GP2.44)

NALETTO, G.                               AGJ.1(118AGJ.1)

NAMGALADZE, A. A.                    GP1.59(238GP1.59), GP2.49(274GP2.49), GP2.56(275GP2.56)

NAMURA, K.                                 CHGBDJK.2(101CHGBDJK.2)

NARAHASHI, S.                            C02.1(28C02.1), C02.4(28C02.4)

NARENDAR, M.                            C13.1(198C13.1)

NARITA, E.                                    K06.3(137K06.3), KP1.3(248KP1.3)

NATARAJAN, S.                           JP2.12(282JP2.12)

NATUSCH, T.                               J07.10(135J07.10), J07.17(136J07.17)

NAZARENKO, M. O.                     GP2.27(271GP2.27)

NAZARI, P.                                    DB3.3(116DB3.3)

NDIITWANI, D. C.                         GP2.21(270GP2.21)

NEAL II, R. E.                                K01.6(22K01.6)

NECHAYEV, Y.                             DAF2.10(180DAF2.10)

NEE, J. B.                                      F07.8(129F07.8)

NEGI, P. S.                                    A04.3(66A04.3)

NEGISHI, T.                                  KP1.6(248KP1.6)

NEMAIR, M. A. A.                          HP2.4(276HP2.4)

NEPA, P.                                       B03.4(47B03.4)

NESIL, S.                                       BP1.33(217BP1.33)

NESIMOGLU, T.                           CP.5(220CP.5)

NESTEROV, I. A.                          GP2.27(271GP2.27)

NEU, J.                                          DAF1.2(159DAF1.2)

NEUBAUER, G.                            K05.7(115K05.7)

NEUFELD, E.                                KAE.4(190KAE.4), KP2.2(284KP2.2)

NEUHOLD, S.                               JP1.4(244JP1.4)

NEWBURY, N. R.                         AD.8(174AD.8)

NEY, M.                                         FCA.3(203FCA.3)

NGUYEN, H. V.                             BD1.9(27BD1.9)

NGUYEN, T.                                 F03.2(54F03.2)

NGWIRA, C.                                 G06.3(108G06.3)

NGWIRA, C. M.                            GP1.3(230GP1.3)

NIAN, F.                                        AC.1(194AC.1)

NICK, T.                                        D01.2(9D01.2)

NICKOLAENKO, A. P.                  EGH.3(72EGH.3)

NICOLLS, M. J.                             G03.3(56G03.3), GP1.42(236GP1.42)

NIEMINEN, J. O.                           K07.4(151K07.4)

NIJBOER, R.                                 JP1.17(246JP1.17)

NIJENHUIS, J.                              EB.9(105EB.9)

NIKITENKO, T. V.                         GP1.52(237GP1.52)

NIKOLIC, B.                                  J10.8(189J10.8)

NILSSON, M.                                A04.2(66A04.2)

NISHI, M.                                       F07.1(128F07.1)

NISHIDA, H.                                  H09.4(165H09.4)

NISHIHASHI, M.                            GP2.19(269GP2.19), GP2.50(274GP2.50)

NISHIKAWA, K.                             C06.3(70C06.3)

NISHIMORI, K.                              CB.5(49CB.5)

NISHINO, M. N.                            H10.3(186H10.3), H10.8(187H10.8)

NISHITANI, N.                               GP2.25(270GP2.25)

NITSCH, J. B.                               EP2.9(265EP2.9)

NIVER, E.                                      B10.5(156B10.5), C10.6(141C10.6)

NKANSAH, A.                                FP1.4(229FP1.4)

NOE, N.                                         F01.7(14F01.7)

NOJIMA, M.                                  EP1.2(227EP1.2)

NOJIMA, T.                                   C02.1(28C02.1), K05.6(114K05.6)

NOLAN, M. C.                               J05.5(92J05.5)

NOORISHAD, P.                           J06.10(113J06.10)

NORGAARD-NIELSEN, H-U.       J04.1(76J04.1)

NORGREN, M.                             BP2.2(252BP2.2)

NORROD, R.                                BJ.3(140BJ.3)

NOSSEK, J. A.                              DBC.1(71DBC.1)

NOUGUIER, F.                             F06.6(107F06.6)

NOUREDDINE, Y.                        K05.3(114K05.3)

NOUVEL, F.                                  E07.1(126E07.1), E07.3(126E07.3)

NOVAKOV, E.                               CP.2(220CP.2)

NOVICK, A. N.                              A03.5(45A03.5)

NOZAWA, S.                                 GP1.12(231GP1.12), HG4.4(148HG4.4)

NSIALA-NZEZA, C.                       CBD.2(82CBD.2)

NSUMEI, P.                                   G02.2(35G02.2)

NUCCI, C. A.                                 E07.9(127E07.9)

NUNN, D.                                      H03.4(58H03.4), H03.5(58H03.5), HP1.24(242HP1.24)

NVER, O.                                      GP1.62(238GP1.62)

NYENHUIS, J. A.                          K05.4(114K05.4)

O

OATES, C. W.                               ABD.4(5ABD.4)

OBEROI, D.                                  J11.2(208J11.2), JG.2(171JG.2)

OBROU, O. K.                              GP1.16(232GP1.16), GP2.36(272GP2.36)

OCCHIUZZI, C.                            D01.1(9D01.1)

ODA, Y.                                         CB.1(49CB.1)

ODABASI, H.                                 BP1.9(214BP1.9), DP4.5(262DP4.5)

O'DROMA, M.                               AB3.1(154AB3.1)

O'DROMA, M. S.                           C11.2(157C11.2), CP.13(221CP.13)

ODZIMEK, A.                                GHE2.5(192GHE2.5)

OFFRINGA, A. R.                         J08.4(150J08.4)

OGASAWARA, Y.                         K06.1(137K06.1)

OGAWA, H.                                  JP2.16(283JP2.16), JP2.19(283JP2.19)

OGAWA, K.                                   CB.3(49CB.3)

OGAWA, Y.                                   GP1.12(231GP1.12), HG4.4(148HG4.4)

OGHRE, O.                                   CA.6(123CA.6)

OGINO, T.                                    H02.6(37H02.6)

OGUNJOBI, O.                             HP1.22(242HP1.22)

OGUZER, T.                                 BP1.17(215BP1.17)

OH, J.                                            B07.7(100B07.7)

O'HALLORAN, M.                         KBE.8(41KBE.8)

OHIRA, T.                                     C05.3(64C05.3)

OHISHI, M.                                    CHGBDJK.9(102CHGBDJK.9), J08.1(150J08.1)

OHKAWARA, J.                            C02.4(28C02.4)

OHKUBO, C.                                 K06.1(137K06.1), K06.2(137K06.2), K06.4(137K06.4), KP1.7(249KP1.7)

OHNO, E.                                      H09.4(165H09.4)

OHONO, T.                                   JP2.16(283JP2.16)

OHTA, K.                                       GHE2.6(193GHE2.6)

OHTANI, S.                                   KP1.7(249KP1.7)

OINATS, A. V.                               GP2.25(270GP2.25)

OJHA, R.                                       J11.1(208J11.1)

OJHA, V. N.                                  A04.3(66A04.3)

OJO, J. S.                                     F02.8(34F02.8)

OKADA, T.                                    HP1.5(239HP1.5)

OKAMOTO, K.                              F09.6(163F09.6)

OKAWACHI, Y.                             D08.3(142D08.3)

OKAZAKI, H.                                 C02.1(28C02.1)

OKE, O. A.                                    E10.3(181E10.3)

OKIKE, O.                                     HP2.21(279HP2.21)

OKOH, D.                                      G04.4(74G04.4)

OKTEM, B.                                    D03.2(50D03.2)

OKUDA, T.                                    J07.14(135J07.14)

OKUZAKI, H.                                 DAF2.3(179DAF2.3)

OLIVERI, G.                                  B11.1(175B11.1), B11.2(175B11.2), CHGBDJK.4(101CHGBDJK.4)

OLOFSSON, H.                            J07.1(134J07.1)

OMURA, Y.                                   H02.4(37H02.4), H03.4(58H03.4), H03.5(58H03.5), H10.3(186H10.3), H10.4(186H10.4), H10.8(187H10.8), HP1.24(242HP1.24), HP1.29(243HP1.29), HP1.30(243HP1.30)

ONAE, A.                                       AD.2(173AD.2)

O'NEIL, K.                                     JP1.3(244JP1.3)

O'NEILL, P.                                   F04.4(73F04.4)

O'NEILL, P. E.                               FP1.2(229FP1.2)

ONO, T.                                        H10.3(186H10.3), H10.4(186H10.4), H10.6(186H10.6), H10.8(187H10.8)

ONODERA, S.                              JP2.19(283JP2.19)

OOSTERLOO, T. A.                     BJ.5(140BJ.5)

OPPENHEIM, M. M.                      H01.5(17H01.5)

OPPERMAN, B.                            GP1.29(234GP1.29)

ORD, S. M.                                    J06.2(112J06.2)

ORLOV, A.                                    GP1.25(233GP1.25)

OSHEROVICH, V.                        HG2.1(110HG2.1)

OSHEROVICH, V. A.                    HG1.4(90HG1.4)

OSIPOV, A.                                   B04.3(68B04.3), BP1.18(215BP1.18)

OSTGAARD, N.                            GHE1.3(147GHE1.3), GHE1.4(147GHE1.4)

OTANI, C.                                     DAF2.3(179DAF2.3)

OTANI, N.                                     C05.2(64C05.2)

OTSUJI, T.                                    DAF1.7(160DAF1.7)

OTSUKA, F.                                  H09.4(165H09.4)

OTSUKA, Y.                                  GP2.23(270GP2.23)

OTSUYAMA, T.                             GHE2.6(193GHE2.6)

OTTO, A. J.                                  E08.1(143E08.1)

OTUNG, I. E.                                F02.1(33F02.1)

OU, B.                                           DF.7(200DF.7)

OVCHINNIKOV, A. O.                  FG.6(183FG.6)

OWEN, F. N.                                 J02.3(42J02.3)

OXBORROW, M.                          ABD.2(5ABD.2)

OYAMA, T.                                    JP1.10(245JP1.10)

OYEKOLA, O. S.                           GP1.4(230GP1.4)

OZAKI, M.                                     E02.10(32E02.10)

OZAKI, R.                                      B12.4(196B12.4)

OZAWA, Y.                                   CHGBDJK.2(101CHGBDJK.2)

OZBAKIS, B.                                 BP1.17(215BP1.17)

OZBAY, E.                                     CD.3(44CD.3)

OZBEK, S.                                     BP1.42(218BP1.42)

OZDEMIR, C.                                BP1.40(218BP1.40), DAF2.5(179DAF2.5), F05.2(86F05.2)

OZDEMIR, E.                                A04.5(66A04.5)

OZEN, S.                                       CA.8(123CA.8), E11.7(202E11.7), F02.9(34F02.9), FCA.2(203FCA.2)

OZGUN, O.                                   B06.4(80B06.4)

OZKAYA, U.                                  BP1.33(217BP1.33)

OZTURK, A. K.                             B03.8(48B03.8)

OZTURK, Y.                                  AB1.3(78AB1.3)

OZYUZER, L.                                DAF1.4(159DAF1.4), DP4.10(263DP4.10)

P

PADHI, S.                                      J02.4(42J02.4)

PADIN, S.                                      J10.7(189J10.7)

PADOKIN, A. M.                            HG4.5(148HG4.5)

PAETZOLD, M.                             J05.4(92J05.4)

PAGNETTI, A.                               E07.9(127E07.9)

PAIER, A.                                      CBD.1(82CBD.1)

PAJUSCO, P.                                FCA.3(203FCA.3)

PAKNYS, R.                                  B03.8(48B03.8)

PAL, P.                                          FP1.1(229FP1.1)

PAL, R.                                          H09.1(165H09.1)

PAL, S.                                          C01.3(8C01.3), C01.4(8C01.4), C01.5(8C01.5), CD.4(44CD.4), GP2.10(268GP2.10), GP2.12(268GP2.12), GP2.13(268GP2.13), GP2.15(269GP2.15), GP2.16(269GP2.16), GP2.17(269GP2.17), GP2.22(270GP2.22)

PALADIAN, F.                               E01.2(11E01.2), E07.9(127E07.9), EP1.3(227EP1.3)

PALAMUTCUOGULLARI, O.       CD.3(44CD.3), CP.9(221CP.9)

PALAUTCUOGULLARI, O.          AC.6(194AC.6)

PALICOT, J.                                  C06.2(70C06.2), C06.4(70C06.4), C11.1(157C11.1), C13.3(198C13.3), C13.6(199C13.6)

PALMER, R.                                  D07.2(124D07.2)

PALOSCIA, S.                               F04.3(73F04.3), F06.1(106F06.1)

PAMPALONI, P.                            F04.3(73F04.3), F06.1(106F06.1)

PAN, L.                                          F07.2(128F07.2)

PAN, S.                                          DB3.3(116DB3.3)

PANAGOPOULOS, A. D.             F02.7(34F02.7)

PANCHENKO, V. A.                      HP2.10(277HP2.10)

PANDIAN, V.                                 K08.2(168K08.2)

PANFILO, G.                                 A03.1(45A03.1), A03.4(45A03.4)

PANIN, S. B.                                  BP1.42(218BP1.42)

PAN'SHIN, E. A.                            HG2.3(110HG2.3)

PANT, K.                                       AD.10(174AD.10)

PANT, P.                                       GP2.42(273GP2.42)

PANT, T.                                       GP1.2(230GP1.2)

PANT, T. K.                                   G01.3(15G01.3), G05.4(88G05.4), GP1.30(234GP1.30), GP1.36(235GP1.36)

PANTALEEV, M.                           JP2.14(283JP2.14)

PAOLONI, C.                                BD2.6(120BD2.6)

PAPADOPOULOS, K.                   H03.1(58H03.1), HG3.1(132HG3.1), HP2.14(278HP2.14)

PAPADOPOULOS, T. G.              B11.3(175B11.3)

PARDO-MARTIN, C.                    D07.11(125D07.11)

PARK, J.                                        F01.3(13F01.3)

PARK, S. M.                                  GP1.27(234GP1.27)

PARK, S-O.                                   BP2.36(257BP2.36)

PARKER, T. E.                              A03.10(46A03.10)

PARMAKSIZ, E.                            FG.10(184FG.10)

PARROT, M.                                 EGH.1(72EGH.1), EGH.2(72EGH.2), GHE1.5(147GHE1.5), GHE3.1(204GHE3.1), GP2.47(274GP2.47), H03.9(59H03.9), H04.1(77H04.1), H04.2(77H04.2), H04.3(77H04.3), HP1.26(242HP1.26), HP2.23(279HP2.23), HP2.24(279HP2.24)

PARSONS, A. R.                           JT.1(39JT.1)

PARTRIDGE, B.                            JP2.1(281JP2.1)

PASHKIN, Y. A.                             A04.6(67A04.6)

PASISKEVICIUS, V.                      D08.4(142D08.4)

PASKO, V. P.                                GHE2.7(193GHE2.7)

PASTORINO, M.                           B11.2(175B11.2)

PATEL, K.                                      A04.3(66A04.3)

PATEL, S. M.                                 A04.3(66A04.3)

PATHAK, N. P.                              C01.2(8C01.2)

PATHAK, P. H.                              B03.2(47B03.2)

PATHIKULANGARA, J.                JP1.4(244JP1.4)

PATIL, A. V.                                   GP2.45(273GP2.45), GP2.47(274GP2.47)

PATNAIK, A.                                  BP2.32(256BP2.32)

PATRA, A. K.                                 GP2.23(270GP2.23)

PAUL, A.                                        GP1.8(231GP1.8)

PAUL, O.                                       DAF1.2(159DAF1.2)

PAUL, S.                                        AP.1(250AP.1), BP2.30(256BP2.30), EP1.9(228EP1.9), FP1.1(229FP1.1), HP2.9(277HP2.9)

PAULA, E. R. D.                            G09.4(164G09.4), GP2.48(274GP2.48)

PAVANELLO, D.                           E02.1(31E02.1)

PAVLYUCHENKO, A.                   BP1.42(218BP1.42)

PAWAR, A. A.                               A02.2(25A02.2)

PAWLENKA, M. J.                        K05.3(114K05.3)

PAZNUKHOV, V.                          HG4.2(148HG4.2)

PEA, N.                                          E03.4(52E03.4)

PECHAC, P.                                  FP2.1(266FP2.1)

PEDERSEN, T.                             HG4.2(148HG4.2)

PEKOLA, J. P.                               A04.6(67A04.6)

PELLETIER, R.                             A03.5(45A03.5)

PELLINEN-WANNBERG, A.         GL2.1(96GL2.1)

PENA DE BERRAZUETA, J.        K08.7(169K08.7)

PENA, N.                                       E01.7(11E01.7)

PENG, T.                                       B03.5(47B03.5), EB.4(104EB.4)

PENG, X.                                       DP3.10(261DP3.10)

PEREZ, D.                                     A03.5(45A03.5)

PEREZ-ALVAREZ, I.                     C12.1(177C12.1)

PERINI, F.                                     J02.4(42J02.4)

PERLEY, R. A.                              J02.3(42J02.3), J11.6(209J11.6), JP2.1(281JP2.1)

PERNEEL, C.                                DF.5(200DF.5)

PERRET, E.                                  D01.6(9D01.6)

PERRI, S.                                      H02.9(38H02.9)

PERRIN, A.                                   K06.6(138K06.6), KP1.9(249KP1.9)

PERRONE, L.                               GP1.53(237GP1.53)

PERSON, C.                                 KAE.6(191KAE.6)

PERSSON, M.                               BP1.39(218BP1.39), F01.4(13F01.4), K03.5(62K03.5), K07.6(152K07.6), K08.7(169K08.7), KBE.3(40KBE.3), KBE.5(40KBE.5), KP1.8(249KP1.8)

PETERS, D. W.                             D07.6(124D07.6)

PETERSON, A. F.                         B05.1(69B05.1)

PETIT, G.                                      A03.1(45A03.1), AGJ.5(118AGJ.5)

PETOSA, A.                                  BP2.24(255BP2.24)

PETRARCA, C.                             E02.4(31E02.4)

PETRICH, G. S.                            D03.3(50D03.3)

PETROV, E. Y.                              BP1.2(213BP1.2)

PETTINATO, S.                            F04.3(73F04.3), F06.1(106F06.1)

PETTINELLI, E.                             EP1.11(228EP1.11)

PEVERINI, O.                                J02.4(42J02.4)

PEYRADE, D.                                DP3.8(261DP3.8)

PEZHEMSKAYA, M.                      GP1.25(233GP1.25)

PEZHOLIL, M.                               AB2.10(98AB2.10), AB2.2(97AB2.2), AP.7(251AP.7)

PEZZOPANE, M.                          GP1.50(237GP1.50)

PFAFF, R.                                     G02.9(36G02.9)

PFAFF, R. F.                                 G01.2(15G01.2), G09.6(164G09.6), GP1.51(237GP1.51), H01.4(17H01.4), HP2.13(278HP2.13)

PHANIKUMAR, D. V.                    GP1.27(234GP1.27)

PICART, E.                                    DP3.8(261DP3.8)

PICHLER, H.                                 E02.1(31E02.1)

PICKETT, J.                                  HP1.25(242HP1.25)

PICKETT, J. S.                              H01.2(17H01.2), H04.1(77H04.1)

PICON, O.                                     KB.3(210KB.3)

PICON, O. O.                                KB.2(210KB.2)

PIERANTONI, L.                           BD2.3(120BD2.3), DB1.6(29DB1.6)

PIETRELLA, M.                             GP1.49(237GP1.49), GP1.50(237GP1.50)

PIETTE, M.                                    DP2.7(226DP2.7)

PIGNARI, S. A.                              E01.6(11E01.6), E10.9(182E10.9)

PIGNATELLI, A.                            GP1.50(237GP1.50)

PILLAY, S. R.                                HP1.13(240HP1.13)

PIMENTA, A. A.                             GP1.37(235GP1.37), GP1.41(236GP1.41)

PINCON, J-L.                                GHE1.5(147GHE1.5)

PINEL, N.                                      F06.4(106F06.4)

PING, J.                                        J04.5(76J04.5)

PINKERT, T. J.                             AD.7(174AD.7)

PINON, J. L.                                  HP2.24(279HP2.24)

PINTO, Y.                                      KAE.6(191KAE.6), KB.6(211KB.6)

PIOSIK, J.                                     KP1.2(248KP1.2)

PIPIS, K.                                        F03.1(54F03.1)

PIROG, O.                                    GP1.25(233GP1.25)

PIVNENKO, S.                              B04.1(68B04.1)

PLAMBECK, R.                             J10.5(188J10.5)

PLOSS, D.                                     DAF1.4(159DAF1.4)

PODDEL'SKY, I.                            GP1.25(233GP1.25), GP2.24(270GP2.24)

PODILCHAK, S. K.                        BP2.11(253BP2.11)

PODLESNY, A. V.                         HP1.2(239HP1.2)

PODLESNYI, A.                            HG3.11(133HG3.11)

POKHOTELOV, D.                       H03.3(58H03.3)

POLAT, B.                                     BP2.13(253BP2.13), BP2.14(254BP2.14), DP2.1(225DP2.1)

POLEKH, N.                                  GP2.24(270GP2.24)

POLIMATIDI, V. P.                        HP2.10(277HP2.10), HP2.17(278HP2.17)

POLIMERIDIS, A. G.                     BP2.46(258BP2.46), DB1.10(30DB1.10)

POLLARI, M.                                 K07.4(151K07.4)

PONOMARCHUK, S.                    GP2.39(272GP2.39)

PONOMARCHUK, S. N.               G01.4(15G01.4)

POPA, B-I.                                     DB3.4(116DB3.4)

POPMINTCHEV, D.                      D03.10(51D03.10)

POPMINTCHEV, T.                      D03.10(51D03.10)

POPOV, A. K.                                DP2.10(226DP2.10)

POPOV, M.                                   J04.3(76J04.3)

POPOVIć, M. A.                            D07.3(124D07.3)

POPOVIC, Z.                                AP.6(251AP.6)

POSPIESZALSKI, M.                    J02.3(42J02.3)

POSTIGO, H.                                A03.5(45A03.5)

POSTILA, M.                                 HG4.6(149HG4.6)

POTAPOV, V. A.                           C10.5(141C10.5)

POTEKHIN, A.                              HP2.15(278HP2.15), HP2.16(278HP2.16)

POTTHAST, S.                             E03.10(53E03.10)

POUSTOVALOVA, L. V.               GP1.38(235GP1.38)

POUZIN, A.                                   DBC.2(71DBC.2)

POZOGA, M.                                GP1.15(232GP1.15)

PRAHO, B.                                    E07.3(126E07.3)

PRASAD, G. M.                             C05.5(64C05.5)

PRATHER, W. D.                          E03.1(52E03.1)

PRATI, E.                                      DAF2.2(179DAF2.2)

PRATO, F.                                    K07.3(151K07.3)

PRATO, F. S.                                K07.5(151K07.5)

PREU, S.                                       DAF1.4(159DAF1.4)

PRICE, C. G.                                 EP1.8(228EP1.8)

PRICE, D. C.                                 JP1.19(246JP1.19)

PRIEBE, S.                                    CA.10(123CA.10)

PRIKRYL, P.                                  G06.4(108G06.4), GP1.19(232GP1.19)

PRIMIANI, R. A.                            JP1.11(245JP1.11)

PRIYADARSHI, S.                         G07.3(130G07.3)

PRODDATURI, R.                        HG1.3(90HG1.3)

PROKHOROV, B. E.                     GP2.56(275GP2.56)

PRZEPIRKA, D.                            G02.7(36G02.7)

PU, Z.                                            HP1.15(241HP1.15)

PU, Z. Y.                                        H02.7(38H02.7)

PUCCIO, W.                                 G03.7(57G03.7)

PUCHKOV, V. A.                           HP2.10(277HP2.10)

PUGGELLI, F.                               B03.11(48B03.11)

PUGH, G.                                      CA.6(123CA.6)

PUGŽLYS, A.                                D03.10(51D03.10)

PUKHIR, H.                                   K03.7(63K03.7)

PULINETS, S. A.                           GHE3.6(205GHE3.6), HG2.3(110HG2.3)

PUROHIT, R.                                AB2.7(98AB2.7)

PURSER, C. M.                             HG1.4(90HG1.4)

PURSIMO, T.                                J11.1(208J11.1)

Q

QI, J.                                             B06.1(80B06.1)

QUESTELLES, A.                         A03.5(45A03.5)

QUINLAN, F.                                 ABD.4(5ABD.4)

QURESHI, M. A.                           B04.2(68B04.2)

QUTUBUDDIN, K.                        B05.3(69B05.3)

R

RACHIDI, F.                                  E01.7(11E01.7), E02.1(31E02.1), E03.4(52E03.4)

RAE, I. J.                                       G06.4(108G06.4)

RAGGAD, H.                                 CHGBDJK.10(102CHGBDJK.10)

RAGHUNATHAN, A.                     JP1.20(246JP1.20)

RAHEEM, G. M.                            CP.1(220CP.1)

RAHM, M.                                      DAF1.2(159DAF1.2)

RAHMAT-SAMII, Y.                       AB1.2(78AB1.2), B03.3(47B03.3), BP2.5(252BP2.5)

RAITA, T.                                      H03.11(59H03.11)

RAJAGOPALAN, H.                      BP2.5(252BP2.5)

RAKOV, V. A.                                E02.2(31E02.2), E02.3(31E02.3), E02.4(31E02.4)

RAMAN, S.                                    AB2.10(98AB2.10)

RAMASWAMY, B.                         JP2.11(282JP2.11)

RAMOS P., R.                               A03.5(45A03.5)

RANADE BORDIKAR, M.             HG3.6(133HG3.6)

RANAIVONIARIVO, M.                 DP2.9(226DP2.9)

RANDAZZO, A.                             B11.2(175B11.2)

RANVIER, S.                                 G08.3(145G08.3)

RANZANI, L.                                 AP.6(251AP.6)

RATAJCZAK, P.                            DP4.2(262DP4.2)

RATOVSKY, K.                             HP2.15(278HP2.15)

RATOVSKY, K. G.                        F07.10(129F07.10), G02.6(35G02.6), G04.6(74G04.6), GP1.22(233GP1.22), GP1.40(235GP1.40), HP1.2(239HP1.2)

RAU, U.                                         J06.5(112J06.5)

RAUCH, J. L.                                GP1.26(233GP1.26)

RAUCH, J-L.                                 GHE1.5(147GHE1.5), HG2.9(111HG2.9), HP1.25(242HP1.25)

RAULIN, J-P.                                EP2.4(264EP2.4), G06.7(109G06.7)

RAUSCHA, F.                               K05.7(115K05.7)

RAUT, S.                                       BP2.24(255BP2.24)

RAUTIAINEN, K.                           F06.9(107F06.9)

RAWAT, K.                                    C11.5(157C11.5)

RAY, J.                                          JP1.3(244JP1.3)

RAY, S.                                          GP1.8(231GP1.8), GP2.13(268GP2.13), GP2.15(269GP2.15), GP2.53(274GP2.53), GP2.55(275GP2.55)

RAZA, H.                                       JP2.14(283JP2.14)

RAZAFFERSON, R.                     E07.3(126E07.3)

RAZAVI, N.                                    J02.4(42J02.4)

RAZAVIPOUR, H.                         BD1.9(27BD1.9)

RAZBAN, T.                                  CHGBDJK.10(102CHGBDJK.10)

RAZEVIG, V.                                 BP1.30(217BP1.30)

READER, H. C.                             E08.1(143E08.1), E09.2(161E09.2)

REBAI, C.                                      C06.5(70C06.5)

REBELO, S. M.                             FCA.1(203FCA.1)

REBOLLAR MACHAIN, J. M.       BP2.15(254BP2.15)

REDA, J.                                       HP1.1(239HP1.1)

REDDING, D.                                J10.7(189J10.7)

REDDY, A.                                    HG1.3(90HG1.3)

REICH, W.                                    J01.6(19J01.6)

REIGADA, R.                                K01.3(21K01.3)

REILAND, G. P.                            J07.15(135J07.15)

REINEIX, A.                                   EP1.3(227EP1.3)

REINHARD, B.                              DAF1.2(159DAF1.2)

REINISCH, B.                                HG4.2(148HG4.2)

REINISCH, B. W.                          G02.2(35G02.2), G04.2(74G04.2), GP1.39(235GP1.39), HG1.3(90HG1.3), HG1.4(90HG1.4), HG1.6(91HG1.6), HG2.2(110HG2.2)

REISING, S. C.                             F07.3(128F07.3), F07.6(129F07.6)

REKANOS, I. T.                            B11.3(175B11.3)

REN, W.                                        AB1.5(78AB1.5)

REN, Y-J.                                      BP1.1(213BP1.1)

RENGARAJAN, S. R.                   BP2.26(255BP2.26)

REPIN, N. N.                                 BP1.23(216BP1.23)

RETTERER, J.                              G06.8(109G06.8)

REUVENI, Y.                                 EP1.8(228EP1.8)

REYNAERT, P.                             C02.2(28C02.2)

REYNOLDS, C.                             J11.1(208J11.1)

RICHALOT, E.                              KB.3(210KB.3)

RICHARD, R.                                H02.8(38H02.8)

RICHER, J. S.                               J10.8(189J10.8)

RICHTER, J.                                 FCA.1(203FCA.1)

RICKETT, B. J.                             J11.1(208J11.1)

RIDA, A.                                        DT.1(103DT.1)

RIDDER, R. M. D.                         DP3.3(260DP3.3)

RIETVELD, M.                               G04.1(74G04.1)

RIETVELD, M. T.                          HG3.7(133HG3.7), HG4.4(148HG4.4), HG4.5(148HG4.5), HG4.6(149HG4.6)

RISON, W.                                    GHE2.4(192GHE2.4)

RIZK, M. M.                                   C13.2(198C13.2)

ROBERT, P.                                  H03.3(58H03.3)

ROBERTSON, J.                          K07.3(151K07.3)

ROBERTSON, J. A.                      K07.5(151K07.5)

ROBINSON, M. P.                        KAE.10(191KAE.10)

ROBLIN, C.                                   CA.7(123CA.7), CA.9(123CA.9)

ROCCA, P.                                    CHGBDJK.4(101CHGBDJK.4)

ROC'H, A.                                     EB.8(105EB.8)

RODDIS, N.                                  J03.4(60J03.4), J03.8(61J03.8)

RODDY, P. A.                               G02.4(35G02.4), G05.2(88G05.2)

RODGER, C.                                H11.5(206H11.5), HP1.1(239HP1.1)

RODGER, C. J.                            H03.11(59H03.11), H03.9(59H03.9), H11.4(206H11.4), HG1.5(90HG1.5), HP1.22(242HP1.22), HP1.26(242HP1.26)

RODRIGUEZ, J. M.                      DF.6(200DF.6)

ROELOFFZEN, C. G. H.              DP3.3(260DP3.3)

ROGERS, A. E. E.                        J01.4(19J01.4)

ROHDE, C.                                   D07.11(125D07.11)

ROININEN, L.                               G03.10(57G03.10)

ROMA, M.                                     A03.9(46A03.9)

ROMAN, F.                                   E01.7(11E01.7), E03.4(52E03.4)

ROMEIN, J. W.                             JP1.1(244JP1.1)

ROMISCH, S.                                A03.10(46A03.10)

RONAGHZADEH, A.                    CD.2(44CD.2)

RONG, A.                                      BD2.7(121BD2.7)

ROOS, P. A.                                  AD.8(174AD.8)

ROSENBAND, T.                          ABD.4(5ABD.4)

ROSHI, D. A.                                 JP1.3(244JP1.3)

ROSKOS, H. G.                            BP1.16(215BP1.16), DAF1.1(159DAF1.1), DAF2.9(180DAF2.9)

ROTERMUND, F.                         D03.4(50D03.4)

ROTHKAEHL, H.                          G02.7(36G02.7)

ROTHWELL, E.                            B07.1(99B07.1)

ROTMAN, S. R.                            DF.5(200DF.5)

ROWLAND, D. E.                         G01.2(15G01.2), GP1.51(237GP1.51)

ROY, R.                                         GP2.9(268GP2.9)

ROZANOV, K. N.                          B06.7(81B06.7)

ROZHNOI, A. A.                           GHE3.2(204GHE3.2), GHE3.6(205GHE3.6)

ROZZI, T.                                      BD2.3(120BD2.3), DB1.6(29DB1.6)

RUBAEK, T.                                  BP1.39(218BP1.39), KBE.3(40KBE.3), KP1.8(249KP1.8)

RUBINSTEIN, M.                          E02.1(31E02.1)

RUBIOLA, E.                                 ABD.2(5ABD.2)

RUDAKOV, L.                               HP2.3(276HP2.3)

RUDANT, L.                                  DBC.3(71DBC.3)

RUDENKO, T. S.                          H09.4(165H09.4)

RUDOLPH, S. M.                          DB3.1(116DB3.1)

RUDRAWAR, S. S.                       A02.3(25A02.3)

RUIZ CRUZ, J. A.                         BP2.15(254BP2.15)

RUSSELL, D.                                J03.10(61J03.10)

RUSSER, J.                                  EB.3(104EB.3)

RUSSER, J. A.                              BD2.9(121BD2.9)

RUSSER, P.                                  BD2.9(121BD2.9), BP1.18(215BP1.18), E07.6(126E07.6), ET.1(170ET.1)

RUTLEDGE, S. A.                         GHE2.4(192GHE2.4)

RYCROFT, M. J.                          EGH.4(72EGH.4), GHE2.5(192GHE2.5)

RYLYAKOV, A.                              D07.4(124D07.4)

RYUO, T.                                      AGJ.8(119AGJ.8)

RYZHII, M.                                    DAF1.7(160DAF1.7)

RYZHII, V.                                     DAF1.7(160DAF1.7)

S

SłOMIńSKA, E.                              G02.7(36G02.7)

SABAH, C.                                     A04.5(66A04.5), BP1.16(215BP1.16), DAF1.1(159DAF1.1)

SABATH, F.                                   E03.1(52E03.1), E03.9(53E03.9)

SABLE, N.                                     A02.6(25A02.6)

SACKO, M.                                    CA.9(123CA.9)

SADEGHI, S. H. H.                       E02.9(32E02.9)

SADEGHPOUR, T.                       AC.7(195AC.7), C02.5(28C02.5)

SAED, M.                                       BP1.28(216BP1.28)

SAFONOVA, G.                            BP1.44(219BP1.44)

SAGLAM, H.                                  DP4.10(263DP4.10)

SAHA, C.                                       DP2.8(226DP2.8)

SAHALOS, J. N.                            BP2.25(255BP2.25)

SAHIN, M. E.                                 E07.7(127E07.7)

SAHIN, O.                                     G02.1(35G02.1)

SAHOO, S.                                    F07.3(128F07.3)

SAHR, J. D.                                   G06.6(109G06.6)

SAHRAOUI, F.                              HP1.11(240HP1.11)

SAID, R. K.                                    E09.4(161E09.4)

SAINI, S.                                        G05.7(89G05.7)

SAIRA, O-P.                                  A04.6(67A04.6)

SAITO, K.                                      K05.9(115K05.9), K08.5(168K08.5), KAE.6(191KAE.6), KP2.3(284KP2.3)

SAITO, M.                                     BP2.47(258BP2.47), J10.6(188J10.6)

SAITO, S.                                      G07.4(130G07.4), GP2.23(270GP2.23), HP1.10(240HP1.10)

SAITO, T.                                      CHGBDJK.2(101CHGBDJK.2)

SAITO, Y.                                      H10.3(186H10.3), H10.8(187H10.8), JP2.19(283JP2.19)

SAKAGUCHI, R.                           K06.1(137K06.1)

SAKAI, O.                                      H09.2(165H09.2)

SAKAI, T.                                       K06.10(138K06.10), K06.2(137K06.2), K06.4(137K06.4), K06.9(138K06.9)

SAKURAI, T.                                 K06.3(137K06.3), KP1.3(248KP1.3)

SALAMA, K. N.                              C12.7(178C12.7)

SALAS NATERA, M.                     B07.3(99B07.3)

SALAZAR, M.                                B07.4(99B07.4), E03.7(53E03.7)

SALAZAR-PALMA, M.                   BP1.21(215BP1.21)

SALEM, M. A.                                B10.5(156B10.5), BP1.19(215BP1.19), BP1.32(217BP1.32), BP2.37(257BP2.37)

SALEM, R.                                     D08.3(142D08.3)

SALMI, S.                                      G03.10(57G03.10)

SALOUS, S.                                  C12.3(177C12.3), CA.6(123CA.6)

SALUNKE, P.                                AB2.7(98AB2.7)

SAMANES, J.                                EP2.4(264EP2.4)

SAMARA, C.                                  D07.11(125D07.11)

SAMELSOHN, G.                          BP1.41(218BP1.41)

SAMIMI, A.                                    HG3.6(133HG3.6)

SAN, S. E.                                     K04.2(93K04.2)

SANCAK, E.                                  EP1.5(227EP1.5)

SANCHEZ, E.                                G03.1(56G03.1)

SANCHEZ, H.                               A03.5(45A03.5)

SANDAHL, I.                                 G03.4(56G03.4)

SANDEEP, S.                                F08.2(153F08.2)

SANDER, M. Y.                             DB1.3(29DB1.3)

SANDER, M. Y-L.                          D03.3(50D03.3)

SANDOGHDAR, V.                       DB2.4(83DB2.4)

SANFUI, M.                                   BP2.30(256BP2.30), FP1.1(229FP1.1), HP2.9(277HP2.9)

SANGHERA, H.                            F01.6(13F01.6)

SANO, M. B.                                  K01.6(22K01.6)

SANTA, M.                                    AP.7(251AP.7)

SANTARELLI, G.                          ABD.1(5ABD.1)

SANTI, E.                                      F04.3(73F04.3), F06.1(106F06.1)

SANTOLIK, O.                              GP1.26(233GP1.26), H04.1(77H04.1), HP1.25(242HP1.25), HP1.27(243HP1.27), HP2.23(279HP2.23)

SARABANDI, K.                            B07.7(100B07.7), BD2.4(120BD2.4), DB1.9(30DB1.9), DP4.9(263DP4.9), F05.1(86F05.1)

SARDI, G. M.                                BD1.3(26BD1.3)

SARKAR, T.                                  B07.4(99B07.4), E03.7(53E03.7)

SARKAR, T. K.                              BP1.21(215BP1.21)

SASAKI, H.                                    K06.10(138K06.10), K06.9(138K06.9)

SASAKI, K.                                    K06.10(138K06.10), K06.9(138K06.9)

SASAKI, T.                                    CHGBDJK.2(101CHGBDJK.2)

SASAOKA, H.                                C05.2(64C05.2)

SASMAL, S.                                   GP2.10(268GP2.10), GP2.13(268GP2.13), GP2.15(269GP2.15), GP2.52(274GP2.52)

SATAKE, R.                                   BP1.15(214BP1.15)

SATOU, A.                                    DAF1.7(160DAF1.7)

SAUCEDO NIETO, S.                   E11.4(201E11.4)

SAUNDERS, C. S.                        BD2.8(121BD2.8)

SAUVAUD, J-A.                            GHE1.5(147GHE1.5), HP1.26(242HP1.26)

SAVIZ, M.                                      BP1.13(214BP1.13)

SAVOINI, P.                                  HP1.14(241HP1.14)

SAVOV, S. V.                                BP2.27(256BP2.27)

SAYAN, G. T.                                DP4.6(262DP4.6)

SAYED, F.                                     C05.4(64C05.4)

SAZLI, M. H.                                  C13.4(198C13.4)

SCAIFE, A. M. M.                          J01.6(19J01.6), J06.7(113J06.7)

SCALES, W.                                  HG3.6(133HG3.6)

SCHAEFERS, G.                          K05.3(114K05.3)

SCHAMILOGLU, E.                      E03.6(52E03.6)

SCHEDIWY, S.                             JP1.19(246JP1.19)

SCHEKOTOV, A. Y.                      EGH.3(72EGH.3)

SCHERRER, G.                            D07.7(125D07.7)

SCHEYTT, C.                                DB1.5(29DB1.5)

SCHFER, W.                                 ABD.2(5ABD.2)

SCHINCKEL, A.                            BJ.1(140BJ.1)

SCHMALZ, K.                                DB1.5(29DB1.5)

SCHMIDT, C. H.                           A04.4(66A04.4), B04.2(68B04.2)

SCHMITT, P.                                 KP2.1(284KP2.1)

SCHMITTER, E. D.                       G02.10(36G02.10)

SCHNEIDER, C.                           CA.1(122CA.1)

SCHOBERT, D. T.                        EB.5(104EB.5)

SCHOEBEL, J.                              CA.10(123CA.10)

SCHOW, C.                                  D07.4(124D07.4)

SCHRIVER, D.                              H02.8(38H02.8)

SCHROEDER, W. L.                    CA.3(122CA.3)

SCHUCK, P.                                  H01.4(17H01.4)

SCHÜZ, J.                                     KT.1(65KT.1)

SCHWEICHER, E.                        DF.1(200DF.1), DF.2(200DF.2)

SCIMECA, M.                                D07.2(124D07.2)

SCOTT, I.                                      E11.6(202E11.6)

SCOTT, S.                                    JP1.3(244JP1.3)

SCOTTO, C.                                 GP1.54(237GP1.54), GP2.33(271GP2.33)

SCWHEICHER, E.                        DF.5(200DF.5)

SEAL, R.                                        GP2.29(271GP2.29)

SEE, C. H.                                     AC.7(195AC.7)

SEGONDS, P.                               D03.8(51D03.8)

SEKER, I.                                      G01.2(15G01.2), GP1.44(236GP1.44)

SEKER, S. S.                                 F04.2(73F04.2)

SEKI, T.                                         C06.3(70C06.3)

SEKIDO, M.                                   EP1.4(227EP1.4)

SELCHER, C.                                HG3.6(133HG3.6)

SELCHER, C. A.                           HG3.5(132HG3.5)

SELVAKUMARAN, R.                   GP2.42(273GP2.42), HP2.22(279HP2.22)

SEMAN, N.                                    BP2.43(258BP2.43), CB.6(49CB.6)

SEN GUPTA, A.                            AD.10(174AD.10)

SENALP, E. T.                               G07.8(131G07.8)

SENGIZ, M.                                   BP2.44(258BP2.44)

SENGOR, T.                                 AP.8(251AP.8), BP2.23(255BP2.23), GHE3.7(205GHE3.7)

SENIOR, A.                                   HG4.6(149HG4.6)

SEO, H-J.                                      BP2.28(256BP2.28)

SEPPA, H.                                     A04.6(67A04.6)

SEPPANEN, J.                              F06.9(107F06.9)

SERAN, E.                                     GHE1.5(147GHE1.5)

SEREN, H. R.                                D07.9(125D07.9)

SERGEEV, E. N.                           HG3.3(132HG3.3)

SERGEEV, I. Y.                             C12.5(177C12.5), C12.9(178C12.9), HP2.20(279HP2.20)

SERGEEVA, M. A.                        GP2.5(267GP2.5)

SERGIENKO, T.                           G03.4(56G03.4)

SERGIEVSKAYA, I.                       F06.4(106F06.4)

SERPENGUZEL, A.                      D07.5(124D07.5)

SERTEL, K.                                   AP.5(250AP.5), B03.5(47B03.5), DB3.7(117DB3.7), EB.4(104EB.4)

SESIA, I.                                        A03.11(46A03.11)

SETIJADI, E.                                 F02.3(33F02.3)

SETTI, S.                                       K08.1(168K08.1)

SETTIMI, A.                                   GP1.54(237GP1.54), GP2.33(271GP2.33)

SEWELL, P.                                  E11.6(202E11.6)

SEZEN, U.                                     FG.10(184FG.10), G02.1(35G02.1)

SHABAN, H. A.                              K04.6(93K04.6)

SHAFALYUK, A.                            BP2.9(253BP2.9)

SHAFALYUK, O.                           BP2.6(252BP2.6)

SHAGIMURATOV, I. I.                  G02.3(35G02.3), GP1.11(231GP1.11), GP1.14(232GP1.14), GP1.60(238GP1.60), GP2.26(270GP2.26), GP2.51(274GP2.51)

SHAHIDUL, S.                               AP.8(251AP.8)

SHAHVARPOUR, A.                     BP2.3(252BP2.3)

SHAKIB, S. A.                                BP2.45(258BP2.45)

SHALYAPIN, V.                             FP2.3(266FP2.3)

SHAMIM, A.                                   C12.7(178C12.7)

SHAMRAI, K. P.                            H09.4(165H09.4)

SHAN, Q.                                      E07.4(126E07.4)

SHANER, E. A.                              D07.6(124D07.6)

SHANIN, G. I.                                JP2.18(283JP2.18)

SHANKER, B.                                B07.1(99B07.1)

SHANNON, R. M.                         AGJ.4(118AGJ.4)

SHAO, Q.                                      KAE.1(190KAE.1)

SHAO, X.                                       H03.1(58H03.1), HG2.4(110HG2.4), HG3.1(132HG3.1), HP2.7(277HP2.7)

SHAPIRA, O.                                 D03.9(51D03.9)

SHARMA, A. K.                             GP2.45(273GP2.45), GP2.47(274GP2.47)

SHARMA, A. S.                             H03.1(58H03.1)

SHARMA, P.                                  F02.5(33F02.5)

SHARMA, R.                                 FP2.4(266FP2.4)

SHARMA, R. Y.                             BD2.11(121BD2.11)

SHARMA, V.                                  C01.2(8C01.2)

SHASHIKADZE, Z. M.                   DP3.9(261DP3.9)

SHATALINA, M. V.                        E02.5(31E02.5)

SHAWKI, F.                                   C05.4(64C05.4)

SHAWKI, F. S.                              CP.11(221CP.11)

SHEA, J. D.                                   KBE.2(40KBE.2)

SHEARER, A.                                AGJ.1(118AGJ.1)

SHELTON, A.                                JP1.3(244JP1.3)

SHEN, J.                                       CB.1(49CB.1)

SHEN, Z-Q.                                   J07.11(135J07.11)

SHEPHERD, M.                            G09.1(164G09.1)

SHERSTYUKOV, O. N.                GP2.3(267GP2.3), GP2.6(267GP2.6)

SHERSTYUKOV, R. O.                GP2.3(267GP2.3), GP2.6(267GP2.6)

SHETZER, B.                                B10.1(156B10.1)

SHI, D.                                           EP2.6(264EP2.6)

SHI, Q.                                          HP1.15(241HP1.15), HP1.17(241HP1.17), HP1.18(241HP1.18)

SHI, Q. Q.                                     H02.7(38H02.7)

SHIBATA, N.                                 KP2.8(285KP2.8), KP2.9(285KP2.9)

SHIGA, N.                                     AD.5(173AD.5)

SHIGE, S.                                      F09.6(163F09.6)

SHIH, C-F.                                    DP2.3(225DP2.3)

SHILLUE, W.                                 J10.4(188J10.4)

SHIMAMURA, S.                           E02.7(32E02.7)

SHIMIZU, M.                                 DAF2.3(179DAF2.3)

SHIMIZU, N.                                  DAF1.3(159DAF1.3)

SHIMIZU, T.                                  C05.2(64C05.2)

SHIN, K.                                        F07.1(128F07.1)

SHINAGAWA, M.                          KP2.8(285KP2.8), KP2.9(285KP2.9)

SHINDIN, A. V.                              HG3.3(132HG3.3)

SHINOHARA, I.                             HP1.19(241HP1.19)

SHINOHARA, N.                           C06.3(70C06.3), CHGBDJK.1(101CHGBDJK.1), CHGBDJK.5(101CHGBDJK.5), CHGBDJK.7(102CHGBDJK.7)

SHINOHARA, S.                           H09.4(165H09.4)

SHIRVANY, Y.                               K07.6(152K07.6)

SHISHIDO, K.                               CB.5(49CB.5)

SHISHKOV, B. B.                          CHGBDJK.5(101CHGBDJK.5)

SHIVALDOVA, V.                          CBD.1(82CBD.1)

SHKLYAR, D. R.                           H03.7(59H03.7)

SHLYUGAEV, Y. V.                       E02.5(31E02.5)

SHMELEV, A. B.                            C10.3(141C10.3)

SHMELEVA, N. M.                        HP2.8(277HP2.8)

SHOJI, M.                                     H02.4(37H02.4), HP1.30(243HP1.30)

SHOORY, A.                                 E02.1(31E02.1)

SHORE, R. A.                               BD1.1(26BD1.1)

SHPRITS, Y. Y.                             HP1.28(243HP1.28)

SHPYNEV, B.                                HP2.15(278HP2.15)

SHUKLA, S. K.                              C05.5(64C05.5)

SHUTKO, A.                                  FP2.2(266FP2.2)

SHUTLER, A. J.                            DAF2.1(179DAF2.1)

SHUVAL, A.                                   EP1.8(228EP1.8)

SIAKAVARA, K.                             BP2.25(255BP2.25)

SIART, U.                                      A04.4(66A04.4)

SIBILLE, A.                                    CA.7(123CA.7), CA.9(123CA.9)

SIDDIQUI, J. Y.                             DP2.8(226DP2.8)

SIDORENKO, M. S.                      BP1.35(217BP1.35)

SIEFRING, C. L.                           G05.1(88G05.1)

SIEGEL, P. H.                               DAF2.4(179DAF2.4)

SIEMION, A.                                  JP1.3(244JP1.3)

SIEMION, A. P. V.                         J11.4(208J11.4)

SIERADZKI, R.                              G02.7(36G02.7)

SIERRA PEREZ, M.                      B07.3(99B07.3)

SIERRA-PEREZ, M.                      BP2.41(257BP2.41)

SIHVOLA, A.                                 B05.2(69B05.2), B06.1(80B06.1)

SILVA, F.                                       E08.3(143E08.3)

SILVA, G.                                      K03.2(62K03.2)

SILVE, A.                                       K01.5(21K01.5)

SIMBA, A. Y.                                  KAE.9(191KAE.9)

SIMOES, F.                                   G02.9(36G02.9)

SIMOES, F. A.                               GP1.51(237GP1.51)

SIMON, C.                                     G03.4(56G03.4)

SIMSEK, E.                                    BD2.2(120BD2.2)

SIMSEK, Y.                                    DAF1.4(159DAF1.4)

SINGH, A. K.                                 F07.9(129F07.9), G07.3(130G07.3), GP2.42(273GP2.42), GP2.43(273GP2.43)

SINGH, C.                                     E07.8(127E07.8)

SINGH, R.                                     GP2.42(273GP2.42), HP2.22(279HP2.22)

SINGH, S.                                     H01.2(17H01.2)

SINGH, S. V.                                 H01.3(17H01.3), HP1.13(240HP1.13)

SINGH, T.                                     D01.6(9D01.6)

SINHA, D. K.                                 AP.1(250AP.1), HP2.9(277HP2.9)

SINHA, S. N.                                 BP2.32(256BP2.32)

SIRAGUSA, R.                              B07.6(99B07.6), DBC.2(71DBC.2)

SIROTHIA, S. K.                           J02.5(42J02.5), J06.3(112J06.3)

SISODIYA, N.                                JP2.11(282JP2.11)

SITTAKUL, V.                                FP1.4(229FP1.4)

SIZUN, H.                                      F01.2(13F01.2), FCA.6(203FCA.6), G01.6(15G01.6)

SJOBERG, D.                               ABD.7(6ABD.7), B06.5(80B06.5), BD1.2(26BD1.2)

SKAAR, J.                                     B01.2(7B01.2)

SKIPPER, M. C.                            E03.5(52E03.5)

SKOBELEV, S. P.                          BP1.27(216BP1.27)

SKONE, S.                                    FG.4(183FG.4)

SLAVOVA, A.                                EP1.10(228EP1.10)

SMEGAL, R. J.                              JP1.13(245JP1.13)

SMELY, D.                                     CBD.1(82CBD.1)

SMIRNOV, O. M.                          J06.4(112J06.4), JP1.16(246JP1.16)

SMITH, D. M.                                GHE1.1(147GHE1.1)

SMITH, H. I.                                  D07.3(124D07.3)

SMITH, P.                                      BP2.9(253BP2.9)

SMITH, P. D.                                 BP2.6(252BP2.6)

SOBRAL, J. H. A.                          GP1.39(235GP1.39)

SOFKO, G. J.                               GP1.28(234GP1.28)

SOHL, C.                                       A04.2(66A04.2), B06.5(80B06.5), BP2.49(259BP2.49)

SOL, J.                                          E01.4(11E01.4)

SOLA, L.                                        K08.4(168K08.4)

SOLATKA, M.                                JP2.15(283JP2.15)

SOLIS, R.                                      A03.5(45A03.5)

SOLJACIC, M.                              D03.9(51D03.9)

SOLOVIEVA, M.                            GHE3.2(204GHE3.2)

SOLOVIEVA, M. S.                       GHE3.6(205GHE3.6)

SONG, H-J.                                  DAF1.3(159DAF1.3)

SONG, P.                                      G01.1(15G01.1)

SONWALKAR, V. S.                     HG1.1(90HG1.1), HG1.2(90HG1.2), HG1.3(90HG1.3)

SORACE, C. M.                            DB1.4(29DB1.4)

SORIANO, G.                               B11.6(175B11.6), F06.6(107F06.6)

SORRISO-VALVO, L.                   HP1.11(240HP1.11)

SOUDLENKOV, G.                       JP1.9(245JP1.9)

SOUID, B.                                     DP2.4(225DP2.4)

SOUNAS, D.                                 BD1.9(27BD1.9), DB1.7(30DB1.7)

SOUNAS, D. L.                             B01.3(7B01.3)

SOUQUES, M.                              KP1.9(249KP1.9), KP2.1(284KP2.1)

SPADACINI, G.                             E01.6(11E01.6), E10.9(182E10.9)

SPASOJEVIC, M.                          HG3.2(132HG3.2), HP1.28(243HP1.28), HP2.12(277HP2.12)

SPELLA, M.                                   CA.10(123CA.10)

SPITLER, L.                                  J11.4(208J11.4)

SPOGLI, L.                                    G07.2(130G07.2)

SPUHLER, P. S.                            K08.4(168K08.4)

SRIKANTH, S.                               JP2.15(283JP2.15)

SSESSANGA, N.                           G04.4(74G04.4), G06.3(108G06.3)

STAFFORD, G.                            AB3.1(154AB3.1)

STAKE, J.                                      KP1.8(249KP1.8)

STANG, J.                                     KBE.4(40KBE.4)

STANISłAWSKA, I.                        G07.9(131G07.9)

STANISLAVSKY, A. A.                  J02.7(43J02.7)

STANISLAWSKA, I.                      GP1.24(233GP1.24), GP2.34(272GP2.34)

STAPPERS, B. W.                        J01.5(19J01.5)

STAVRAKAKIS, K. K.                    B05.4(69B05.4)

STEER, M. B.                                BD2.8(121BD2.8)

STEFANELLI, R.                           AB1.6(78AB1.6), AB1.7(79AB1.7), DP1.1(223DP1.1), EP2.7(265EP2.7), KB.4(210KB.4)

STEINBACH, P.                            H11.5(206H11.5)

STENBAEK-NIELSEN, H. C.        GHE2.2(192GHE2.2)

STENZEL, G.                                K05.2(114K05.2)

STESHENKO, S.                           B06.2(80B06.2)

STEVENS, J.                                 JP2.1(281JP2.1)

STGAARD, N.                               GHE1.2(147GHE1.2)

STIENLET, J.                                HP1.14(241HP1.14)

STIEVANO, I. S.                            E10.7(182E10.7), E11.1(201E11.1)

STIX, G.                                        K05.7(115K05.7)

STJERNMAN, A.                           CB.2(49CB.2)

STODILKA, R. Z.                          K07.5(151K07.5)

STOENNER, G.                            D01.2(9D01.2)

STOREY, M.                                 JP2.17(283JP2.17)

STRANGEWAYS, H. J.                FG.4(183FG.4), G07.11(131G07.11), G07.6(131G07.6)

STROMME, A.                              G03.2(56G03.2)

STRUZAK, R.                                E05.1(84E05.1)

SU, C-C.                                        AP.3(250AP.3)

SU, D.                                            EP1.1(227EP1.1)

SU, H-T.                                        GHE2.1(192GHE2.1)

SU, K.                                            DAF2.7(180DAF2.7)

SUBBOTIN, A. A.                          FG.6(183FG.6)

SUBRAHMANYAN, R.                  J01.1(19J01.1), JP1.20(246JP1.20)

SUDRET, B.                                  KAE.6(191KAE.6)

SUEMATSU, N.                             C02.3(28C02.3)

SUGIURA, H.                                EP1.2(227EP1.2)

SUMOD, S. G.                              GP1.30(234GP1.30)

SUN, L.                                          E05.3(84E05.3)

SUN, S.                                         GP1.34(235GP1.34)

SUN, W.                                        HP1.17(241HP1.17), HP1.18(241HP1.18)

SUN, W. J.                                    H02.7(38H02.7)

SUN, Y. Y.                                     GHE3.5(204GHE3.5)

SUNESSON, A.                             A04.2(66A04.2)

SUNG, K. W.                                 E05.5(84E05.5)

SURMELI, K.                                 AB2.4(97AB2.4), KBE.9(41KBE.9)

SUSNIK, A.                                    G07.5(130G07.5)

SUTCLIFFE, P. R.                        GP2.20(269GP2.20), GP2.21(270GP2.21)

SUTTON, R.                                 BP1.25(216BP1.25)

SUVOROVA, O. A.                       BP1.7(213BP1.7)

SUWADI, S.                                  DP4.12(263DP4.12)

SUYAMA, S.                                  FCA.4(203FCA.4)

SUZUK, Y.                                     K06.9(138K06.9)

SUZUKI, H.                                   B04.3(68B04.3), FCA.4(203FCA.4)

SUZUKI, R.                                   CP.3(220CP.3)

SUZUKI, Y.                                    C02.4(28C02.4), K06.10(138K06.10), K06.2(114K06.2), K06.4(137K06.4), KP1.3(248KP1.3), KP1.7(249KP1.7)

SWAIN, D.                                     F06.10(107F06.10)

SWANN, W. C.                             AD.8(174AD.8)

SWARTZ, W. E.                            GP1.44(236GP1.44)

SWENSON, C.                              HP1.4(239HP1.4)

SWIATEK, A.                                 GP2.34(272GP2.34)

SZABO, Z.                                     DB1.1(29DB1.1)

SZCZERBA, D.                             KAE.4(190KAE.4), KP2.2(284KP2.2)

SZOMORU, A.                              JP1.5(244JP1.5)

T

TABUCHI, R.                                 AGJ.7(119AGJ.7)

TAGGER, M.                                 JP1.18(246JP1.18)

TAIRA, K.                                      D07.5(124D07.5)

TAKADA, J-I.                                 FCA.4(203FCA.4)

TAKAFUMI, S.                               C05.3(64C05.3)

TAKAGI, T.                                    C02.3(28C02.3)

TAKAHASHI, F.                             H10.3(186H10.3)

TAKAHASHI, M.                            K05.9(115K05.9), K08.5(168K08.5), KAE.6(191KAE.6), KP1.6(248KP1.6), KP2.3(284KP2.3)

TAKAHASHI, S.                             JP2.19(283JP2.19)

TAKAHASHI, Y.                             AGJ.7(119AGJ.7), GHE2.1(192GHE2.1)

TAKAMOTO, M.                            AD.4(173AD.4)

TAKANO, S.                                  JP2.19(283JP2.19)

TAKANO, T.                                  AD.4(173AD.4), F09.7(163F09.7)

TAKEDA, T.                                   GP1.56(238GP1.56), GP2.50(274GP2.50)

TAKEFUJI, K.                                EP1.4(227EP1.4)

TAKEUCHI, H.                              J04.6(76J04.6)

TAKEUCHI, K.                               BP1.15(214BP1.15)

TAKI, M.                                        K06.10(138K06.10), K06.2(137K06.2), K06.4(137K06.4), K06.9(138K06.9), KP1.3(248KP1.3), KP2.7(285KP2.7), KP2.8(285KP2.8), KP2.9(285KP2.9)

TAKIGUCHI, H.                             AGJ.7(119AGJ.7)

TALAAT, E. R.                               G02.5(35G02.5)

TAMAYO, J. M.                             BP2.46(258BP2.46)

TAN, J.                                          BP1.37(218BP1.37)

TANAKA, R.                                  EP1.2(227EP1.2)

TANAKA, S.                                   CHGBDJK.6(101CHGBDJK.6)

TANAKA, T.                                   CP.14(222CP.14)

TANG, H.                                      DF.7(200DF.7)

TANG, K.                                       HP2.25(280HP2.25)

TANGUY, P.                                  E07.1(126E07.1)

TANIFUJI, S.                                 C02.3(28C02.3)

TANIKAWA, T.                              H09.4(165H09.4)

TANOH, S. K. M. T.                      GP2.35(272GP2.35)

TAO, X.                                         H03.3(58H03.3)

TAPPING, K. F.                             J07.21(136J07.21)

TAPUCHI, S.                                 AB2.9(98AB2.9), CHGBDJK.8(102CHGBDJK.8), E07.5(126E07.5)

TARANGE, V. S.                           AB2.3(97AB2.3)

TARAPHDER, S.                           F07.4(128F07.4)

TARKOCIN, Y.                              F04.1(73F04.1)

TASHIRO, Y.                                 ABD.6(5ABD.6)

TAUBERT, R.                                DB2.7(83DB2.7)

TAYLOR, G. B.                             J02.1(42J02.1)

TAYLOR, J. A.                              ABD.4(5ABD.4)

TAYLOR, M. G. G. T.                   HG2.10(111HG2.10)

TAZAWA, K.                                  KP1.4(248KP1.4)

TEDJINI, S.                                   B07.6(99B07.6), D01.3(9D01.3), D01.6(9D01.6), DBC.2(71DBC.2)

TEIXEIRA, F. L.                             BP1.9(214BP1.9), DP4.5(262DP4.5)

TEJERO, E.                                  HP2.3(276HP2.3)

TEJERO, E. M.                             H09.6(165H09.6)

TEKBAS, M.                                  BP1.40(218BP1.40), BP1.42(218BP1.42), DAF2.5(179DAF2.5)

TEKIN, I.                                        C10.6(141C10.6)

TENG, C-H.                                  DP3.4(260DP3.4)

TENTZERIS, M.                            D01.5(9D01.5)

TENTZERIS, M. M.                       DB1.2(29DB1.2), DT.1(103DT.1)

TEPENITSYNA, N. Y.                   GP2.51(274GP2.51)

TERESHCHENKO, E. D.              GP2.27(271GP2.27)

TERESHCHENKO, O. V.              A04.1(66A04.1)

TESCHE, F. M.                             E03.3(52E03.3)

TESSON, O.                                 DP2.9(226DP2.9)

TESTE, A.                                     H02.10(38H02.10)

TETZLAFF, R.                              EP1.10(228EP1.10)

THAI SINGAMA, R.                       DP2.7(226DP2.7)

THAMPI, S. V.                               G05.4(88G05.4), GP2.23(270GP2.23)

THE 65M PROJECT TEAM,         J07.11(135J07.11)

THEBERGE, J.                             K07.5(151K07.5)

THEMENS, D. R.                          GP1.42(236GP1.42)

THEUER, M.                                 DAF2.1(179DAF2.1)

THEUREAU, G.                            J07.7(134J07.7)

THOMAE, R.                                 CA.1(122CA.1), CA.4(122CA.4), CA.5(122CA.5)

THOMAS, A.                                 K07.3(151K07.3)

THOMAS, A. W.                            K07.5(151K07.5)

THOMAS, D. W.                           E10.3(181E10.3)

THOMAS, D. W. P.                       E11.6(202E11.6)

THOMAS, JR, E.                           H09.6(165H09.6)

THOMPSON, R. T.                       K07.5(151K07.5)

THOMPSON, T. W.                      J11.3(208J11.3)

THOMSON, M. D.                         BP1.16(215BP1.16)

THOMSON, N. R.                         HP1.26(242HP1.26)

THORAT, P. P.                             A03.7(46A03.7)

THORDSTEIN, M.                        K07.6(152K07.6)

THORE, R. M.                               H03.3(58H03.3)

TIAN, J.                                         KP1.1(248KP1.1)

TIAN, M.                                        F06.2(106F06.2)

TICHIT, P. H.                                DP4.4(262DP4.4)

TICHIT, P-H.                                 DP4.3(262DP4.3)

TIIKKAJA, M.                                 K05.8(115K05.8)

TIJHUIS, A. G.                              B12.3(196B12.3)

TININ, M. V.                                  BP1.31(217BP1.31), BP1.34(217BP1.34), FG.5(183FG.5)

TITOVA, E.                                    HP1.25(242HP1.25)

TITOVA, E. E.                               HP1.27(243HP1.27)

TITOVA, M. A.                               GP1.17(232GP1.17)

TIWARI, D.                                    GP1.2(230GP1.2)

TIWARI, R.                                    FG.4(183FG.4), G07.11(131G07.11), G07.6(131G07.6)

TIWARI, S.                                    F07.9(129F07.9), FG.4(183FG.4), G07.6(131G07.6)

TJELTA, T.                                    E05.1(84E05.1)

TKACHENKO, S. V.                      EP2.9(265EP2.9)

TLICH, M.                                      E07.3(126E07.3)

TOBAR, M. E.                               ABD.5(5ABD.5)

TOCCAFONDI, A.                        B03.6(47B03.6), B03.7(48B03.7)

TODD, R.                                      AB3.1(154AB3.1)

TOIVANEN, J.                               AB1.1(78AB1.1)

TOKER, C.                                    FG.10(184FG.10)

TOKER, K. A.                                FCA.2(203FCA.2)

TOLSTIKOV, M. V.                       F07.10(129F07.10), G02.6(35G02.6)

TOMASIK, &.                                 G07.9(131G07.9)

TOPALLI, K.                                  AP.5(250AP.5)

TOPSAKAL, E.                              DP1.6(223DP1.6), K04.7(94K04.7), KP2.10(285KP2.10)

TORRICO, S. A.                           F02.2(33F02.2)

TOSAKA, T.                                  EP2.2(264EP2.2)

TOSUN, P. D.                               E11.7(202E11.7)

TRAILLE, A.                                  DB1.2(29DB1.2), DT.1(103DT.1)

TRAN, N.                                       CB.1(49CB.1)

TRETKEN, B.                                AB3.2(154AB3.2)

TRETYAKOV, O. A.                      BP2.7(253BP2.7), BP2.8(253BP2.8)

TRETYAKOV, S. A.                       BD1.5(26BD1.5)

TREUTTEL, J.                              F01.6(13F01.6)

TRICHOPOULOS, G. C.              AP.5(250AP.5)

TRIGO, L.                                     A03.5(45A03.5)

TRINCHERO, D.                           AB1.6(78AB1.6), AB1.7(79AB1.7), BP2.21(255BP2.21), D01.5(9D01.5), DP1.1(223DP1.1), EP2.7(265EP2.7), KAE.5(190KAE.5), KB.4(210KB.4)

TRINCHERO, S.                           KB.4(210KB.4)

TROTIGNON, J. G.                      HP1.25(242HP1.25)

TROTIGNON, J-G.                      HG2.9(111HG2.9)

TRUHLIK, V.                                 HG2.1(110HG2.1), HG2.2(110HG2.2)

TSAGOURI, I.                               GP1.53(237GP1.53)

TSAI, J-S.                                      A04.6(67A04.6)

TSAI, W-L.                                    DP2.5(225DP2.5)

TSIBOUKIS, T. D.                         EP2.3(264EP2.3)

TSUBOI, M.                                   JP2.16(283JP2.16)

TSUBOUCHI, K.                           C02.3(28C02.3), K08.5(168K08.5)

TSUCHIYA, S.                               AGJ.7(119AGJ.7)

TSUDA, T.                                     GP1.12(231GP1.12)

TSUJI, H.                                      CP.3(220CP.3)

TSUKAMOTO, K.                          CP.12(221CP.12)

TSUNAKAWA, H.                          H10.3(186H10.3), H10.4(186H10.4), H10.8(187H10.8)

TSUNEKAWA, Y.                          CB.5(49CB.5)

TSUNODA, R.                               G05.4(88G05.4)

TSUTSUI, M.                                 GP2.44(273GP2.44)

TSYBULYA, K. G.                         HG2.3(110HG2.3)

TUCHKIN, Y. A.                            BP1.7(213BP1.7)

TULASIRAM, S.                            GP1.27(234GP1.27)

TULUNAY, E.                                G07.8(131G07.8)

TULUNAY, Y.                                G07.8(131G07.8)

TUREKTEN, B.                             KBE.9(41KBE.9)

TURETKEN, B.                             BP1.33(217BP1.33), C12.8(178C12.8), K04.2(93K04.2), KP1.10(249KP1.10)

TURKKAN, T.                                BP2.44(258BP2.44)

TURKMEN, M.                              DP3.5(260DP3.5)

TURKMEN, O.                              DP4.6(262DP4.6)

TURKOGLU, F.                            DAF1.4(159DAF1.4), DP4.10(263DP4.10)

TURNER-FOSTER, A. C.             D08.3(142D08.3)

TURUNEN, E.                               G03.1(56G03.1), G03.10(57G03.10), G05.6(89G05.6)

TUTHILL, J.                                  JP1.4(244JP1.4)

TYLER, L.                                      J05.4(92J05.4)

TYO, J. S.                                     E03.5(52E03.5)

TZIOUMIS, T.                               JP2.17(283JP2.17)

U

UBACHS, W.                                 AD.7(174AD.7)

UDAYA SHANKAR, N.                  J07.19(136J07.19), J07.20(136J07.20)

UEDA, K-I.                                     AGJ.8(119AGJ.8)

UEHARA, H.                                  C05.3(64C05.3)

UEMATSU, K.                               C05.3(64C05.3)

UENO, S.                                      K07.1(151K07.1), KP2.4(284KP2.4)

UGUR, M.                                     EP1.5(227EP1.5)

UHLIR, L.                                      GP1.26(233GP1.26)

UHRICH, P.                                   A03.6(46A03.6)

UJIHARA, H.                                 EP1.4(227EP1.4), JP2.16(283JP2.16)

ULGUDUR, C.                              D03.2(50D03.2)

ULICH, T.                                      G03.10(57G03.10), HP1.26(242HP1.26)

ULKU, H. A.                                   BP2.34(257BP2.34), BP2.35(257BP2.35)

UMA, G.                                        G05.5(88G05.5)

UMA, K. N.                                    F06.5(106F06.5)

UMEDA, T.                                    H02.1(37H02.1)

UNAL, A.                                       BP1.42(218BP1.42), BP1.43(218BP1.43), F05.2(86F05.2)

UNAL, I.                                         G07.8(131G07.8), KBE.9(41KBE.9)

UNLU, M. S.                                  K08.4(168K08.4)

UNLU, S.                                       D07.10(125D07.10)

UNLU, S. M.                                  D07.8(125D07.8)

UNNO, A.                                      KP1.7(249KP1.7)

UNO, T.                                         KAE.9(191KAE.9), KP1.11(249KP1.11)

UPADHAYAYA, A. K.                    GP1.33(234GP1.33)

UPRADE, R.                                  JP2.11(282JP2.11)

URBINA, J.                                    G08.2(145G08.2)

URBINA, J. V.                               GP2.29(271GP2.29), GP2.30(271GP2.30)

URCO, M.                                     GP2.28(271GP2.28)

UREY, H.                                       D07.9(125D07.9)

URYADOV, V. P.                           HP2.17(278HP2.17)

USHAKOV, Y. S.                           C12.9(178C12.9)

USHIO, T.                                     E02.6(31E02.6), E02.7(32E02.7), EGH.5(72EGH.5), F09.6(163F09.6)

USHIYAMA, A.                              KP1.7(249KP1.7)

USLENGHI, P. L. E.                      B03.10(48B03.10), BP1.5(213BP1.5)

USTA, I.                                         EP1.5(227EP1.5)

USTINOV, E. A.                            J11.3(208J11.3)

USTUNER, F.                               AB1.3(78AB1.3), E08.4(143E08.4), E11.5(201E11.5)

USUI, H.                                        H11.3(206H11.3), HP1.20(241HP1.20)

USUPOV, K.                                  GP1.57(238GP1.57), GP1.58(238GP1.58)

USUPOV, K. M.                             GP1.23(233GP1.23)

UTKU, C.                                       F04.1(73F04.1), F04.6(73F04.6)

V

V A, S.                                           AP.7(251AP.7)

VAFIADIS, E. E.                            BP2.25(255BP2.25)

VAHIDPOUR, M.                           DB1.9(30DB1.9)

VAINIKAINEN, P.                          AB1.1(78AB1.1)

VAKILI, I.                                       B06.5(80B06.5)

VALAT, D.                                     A03.6(46A03.6)

VALERIO, G.                                 BD1.4(26BD1.4), EP1.11(228EP1.11)

VALLADARES, C.                         G09.2(164G09.2)

VALLADARES, C. E.                     G06.2(108G06.2)

VALLAITIS, T.                               D07.2(124D07.2)

VALLECCHI, A.                             BP2.18(254BP2.18), BP2.19(254BP2.19)

VALLIERES, X.                              HG2.9(111HG2.9)

VAN ARDENNE, A.                       J06.10(113J06.10)

VAN CAPPELLEN, W. A.              BJ.5(140BJ.5), DBC.5(71DBC.5), J03.8(61J03.8)

VAN DE CAPELLE, A. R.              BP1.26(216BP1.26), F03.9(55F03.9)

VAN DER HULST, T.                    J06.10(113J06.10)

VAN DER MERWE, C.                  E08.1(143E08.1)

VAN DER MERWE, P. S.              E08.1(143E08.1)

VAN DER VELDE, O.                    GHE2.4(192GHE2.4)

VAN DER VELDE, R.                    FP1.2(229FP1.2)

VAN DEURSEN, A. P. J.               E09.1(161E09.1)

VAN DRIEL, W.                             J08.5(150J08.5)

VAN EYKEN, A. P.                        G03.1(56G03.1)

VAN HAARLEM, M.                       J07.8(135J07.8)

VAN HAARLEM, M. P.                  J02.2(42J02.2), JP1.21(247JP1.21)

VAN LANGEVELDE, H. H. J.        J07.2(134J07.2)

VAN LIL, E. H.                               BP1.26(216BP1.26), F03.9(55F03.9)

VAN NIEUWPOORT, R. V.          JP1.1(244JP1.1)

VAN NIEUWSTADT, L.                 KBE.4(40KBE.4)

VAN ZYL, M.                                 HP2.5(276HP2.5)

VANDE GINSTE, D.                      E11.3(201E11.3)

VARSIER, N.                                 KAE.6(191KAE.6)

VASILIEV, I.                                   BP1.30(217BP1.30)

VASYLIUNAS, V. M.                      G01.1(15G01.1)

VATS, H. O.                                  JP2.8(282JP2.8)

VECCHI, G.                                   EB.6(104EB.6)

VEENADHARI, B.                          GP2.42(273GP2.42), HP2.22(279HP2.22)

VEGA, F.                                       E03.4(52E03.4)

VEGESNA, S.                                BP1.28(216BP1.28)

VEIDT, B.                                      J03.8(61J03.8), J07.21(136J07.21), JP1.13(245JP1.13), JP1.14(246JP1.14)

VELAZQUEZ-AHUMADA, M. C.   DB3.5(116DB3.5)

VELIPASALAR, S.                         K08.3(168K08.3)

VELLANTE, M.                              HP1.1(239HP1.1)

VELZQUEZ AHUMADA, M. D. C. E11.4(201E11.4)

VENA, A.                                       D01.6(9D01.6)

VENKATESULU, B.                       BP2.2(252BP2.2)

VERMEEREN, G.                          K05.10(115K05.10)

VERMEULEN, R. C.                      J02.2(42J02.2), J07.8(135J07.8), JP1.21(247JP1.21)

VERNIER, P. T.                             K01.4(21K01.4)

VEROLINO, L.                              E02.4(31E02.4)

VERRONEN, P. T.                        G03.10(57G03.10)

VERTIY, A.                                    BP1.40(218BP1.40), BP1.43(218BP1.43), DAF2.5(179DAF2.5), F05.2(86F05.2)

VERTIY, A. A.                                BP1.42(218BP1.42)

VERTOGRADOV, G. G.               HP2.17(278HP2.17)

VESANEN, P. T.                            K07.4(151K07.4)

VESNIN, A. M.                               GP1.40(235GP1.40)

VIAS, A. F.                                     HG1.4(90HG1.4)

VIEIRA, M.                                     E07.4(126E07.4)

VIETZORRECK, L.                       B05.6(69B05.6)

VIGIL-HERRERO, L.                    BP2.41(257BP2.41)

VILLEGAS, M.                               C11.3(157C11.3)

VIN, H.                                           JP2.12(282JP2.12)

VINEETH, C.                                 GP1.30(234GP1.30)

VINOD, A. P.                                 C13.1(198C13.1), C13.5(198C13.5)

VINOGRADOVA, E.                      BP2.9(253BP2.9)

VINSEN, K.                                    J06.1(112J06.1)

VIRONE, G.                                  J02.4(42J02.4)

VISEK, L.                                       K03.6(62K03.6)

VIVEKANANDAN, J.                     F07.3(128F07.3)

VIVIEN, L.                                      D03.11(51D03.11)

VLASOV, V. A.                              D07.4(124D07.4)

VODYANNIKOV, V. V.                  GP2.37(272GP2.37)

VOEYKOV, S. V.                           GP1.10(231GP1.10)

VOIGT, J.                                      CA.2(122CA.2)

VOIGT, T.                                     K07.2(151K07.2)

VOLAKIS, J. L.                              B03.5(47B03.5), DB3.7(117DB3.7), EB.4(104EB.4)

VOLZ, R.                                       GP1.45(236GP1.45)

VON LAVEN, S. A.                        E03.2(52E03.2)

VORONKA, N.                              G05.1(88G05.1)

VOYTOVICH, N. I.                        BP1.23(216BP1.23)

VRBA, J.                                        K03.6(62K03.6), K08.6(168K08.6)

VRIGNEAU, B.                              CBD.2(82CBD.2)

VRYONIDES, P.                            GP1.13(232GP1.13), GP1.20(233GP1.20)

VYAS, R.                                       DT.1(103DT.1)

VYNOGRADOVA, E.                    BP1.44(219BP1.44)

W

WADA, K.                                      K06.2(137K06.2), K06.4(137K06.4), KP1.7(249KP1.7)

WADADEKAR, Y.                          JP2.12(282JP2.12)

WAGNER, M.                                J11.4(208J11.4), JP1.3(244JP1.3)

WAKAYAMA, N.                            E02.7(32E02.7)

WAKE, D.                                      FP1.4(229FP1.4)

WAKE, K.                                      K06.10(138K06.10), K06.2(137K06.2), K06.4(137K06.4), K06.9(138K06.9), KAE.6(191KAE.6), KB.5(210KB.5), KP2.7(285KP2.7)

WALKER, A. D. M.                        H11.6(207H11.6)

WALKER, D.                                 HP2.3(276HP2.3)

WALKER, D. K.                             F08.2(153F08.2)

WALKER, R. J.                             H02.6(37H02.6), H02.8(38H02.8)

WALLACE, T.                                HP2.14(278HP2.14)

WALLEN, H.                                  B05.2(69B05.2), B06.1(80B06.1)

WAN, Q.                                        C10.4(141C10.4)

WANE, S.                                      DP2.9(226DP2.9)

WANG, F-H.                                 AP.2(250AP.2)

WANG, H.                                     F01.6(13F01.6)

WANG, H. B.                                 DAF1.4(159DAF1.4)

WANG, J.                                      KAE.6(191KAE.6), KB.5(210KB.5)

WANG, M. Y.                                G02.4(35G02.4)

WANG, N.                                     AB1.5(78AB1.5)

WANG, W.                                    J05.6(92J05.6), JP2.9(282JP2.9)

WANG, Y.                                     BP1.37(218BP1.37), HG2.1(110HG2.1)

WANG, Y. F.                                 H02.7(38H02.7)

WANG, Y-K.                                  AP.4(250AP.4)

WANG, Z. Q.                                H10.2(186H10.2)

WANNBERG, G.                           G03.7(57G03.7)

WARD, C.                                     KBE.4(40KBE.4)

WARNICK, K. F.                           BJ.3(140BJ.3), J03.8(61J03.8), JP1.15(246JP1.15)

WARRINGTON, M.                      C12.3(177C12.3)

WARZECHA, A.                            DP3.7(261DP3.7)

WATANABE, S.                             K06.10(138K06.10), K06.9(138K06.9), KAE.3(190KAE.3), KAE.6(191KAE.6), KAE.9(191KAE.9), KB.5(210KB.5), KP2.7(285KP2.7)

WATANABE, T.                             DAF1.7(160DAF1.7)

WATKINS, B.                                HG4.3(148HG4.3)

WATKINS, B. J.                            HG3.5(132HG3.5)

WATSON, C.                                GP2.38(272GP2.38)

WATSON, C. J.                            G06.4(108G06.4)

WATTS, G.                                   JP1.3(244JP1.3)

WEBB, T.                                      BJ.3(140BJ.3)

WEBBER, J.                                  J10.2(188J10.2), JP1.12(245JP1.12)

WEDAN, S.                                   K05.2(114K05.2)

WEI, Y.                                          H02.7(38H02.7)

WEIGEL, R.                                  DB1.5(29DB1.5)

WEILAND, T.                                B05.4(69B05.4), B12.2(196B12.2)

WEILER, K. W.                             J02.3(42J02.3)

WEINREB, S.                                J03.10(61J03.10)

WEINTROUB, J.                           JP1.11(245JP1.11)

WEIS, P.                                        DAF1.2(159DAF1.2)

WEISS, S.                                     AB3.6(154AB3.6)

WELLANDER, N.                          B06.3(80B06.3)

WERNIK, A. W.                             G07.2(130G07.2), GP1.15(232GP1.15)

WERTHIMER, D.                          J11.4(208J11.4), JP1.3(244JP1.3), JP1.6(244JP1.6), JP1.7(245JP1.7)

WESTMAN, A.                              G03.7(57G03.7), HG4.6(149HG4.6)

WESTON, S.                                 J07.10(135J07.10), J07.17(136J07.17)

WETZEL, B.                                  D08.2(142D08.2)

WHITEHEAD, M.                          JP1.3(244JP1.3)

WHITES, K. W.                             BP2.4(252BP2.4)

WIART, J.                                     B04.4(68B04.4), B07.5(99B07.5), K03.1(62K03.1), KAE.1(190KAE.1), KB.1(210KB.1), KB.3(210KB.3), KB.6(211KB.6), KP2.6(284KP2.6)

WIART, J. J.                                 KAE.6(191KAE.6), KB.2(210KB.2)

WIAUX, Y.                                     J06.7(113J06.7), J06.8(113J06.8)

WICENEC, A.                                J06.1(112J06.1)

WICKS, M. C.                                EP2.1(264EP2.1)

WIELAND, J.                                 D07.2(124D07.2)

WIID, P. G.                                    E08.1(143E08.1), E09.2(161E09.2)

WIJNHOLDS, S. J.                       DBC.5(71DBC.5), J06.10(113J06.10), JP1.15(246JP1.15), JP1.17(246JP1.17)

WIKLUNDH, K. C.                         E10.6(181E10.6)

WILD, J.                                        GP1.12(231GP1.12)

WILD, M.                                       K03.3(62K03.3)

WILLIAMS, B.                                DB3.6(116DB3.6)

WILLIAMS, C. L.                           J01.4(19J01.4), J02.6(42J02.6)

WILLINK, T. J.                              CBD.3(82CBD.3)

WILLIS, A. G.                                J07.21(136J07.21)

WILLIS, K.                                     BD2.5(120BD2.5)

WILSON, C. D.                             JP2.17(283JP2.17)

WILSON, T. L.                              J02.3(42J02.3)

WILTON, D. R.                             BD1.4(26BD1.4)

WITTIG, T.                                    B05.4(69B05.4)

WNAG, C-Y.                                 DP3.4(260DP3.4)

WOCH, J.                                     H10.1(186H10.1), HP2.18(278HP2.18)

WOLF, I.                                       G03.7(57G03.7)

WOLF, J-P.                                   D08.1(142D08.1)

WOLLRAB, V.                               DAF1.2(159DAF1.2)

WONG, M. F.                                KAE.6(191KAE.6), KB.1(210KB.1), KP2.6(284KP2.6)

WONG, M-F.                                B04.4(68B04.4), B07.5(99B07.5), KB.3(210KB.3)

WOO, W. L.                                  KBE.7(41KBE.7)

WOODMAN, R. F.                        H01.7(18H01.7)

WOODY, D. P.                              J10.7(189J10.7)

WOZIWODZKA, A.                       KP1.2(248KP1.2)

WU, C-C.                                      AP.3(250AP.3), DP4.13(263DP4.13)

WU, C-L.                                       DP2.3(225DP2.3)

WU, J.                                           HP2.6(276HP2.6)

WU, K.                                           AB3.7(155AB3.7)

WU, M-C.                                      DP4.13(263DP4.13)

WU, P.                                           KP1.1(248KP1.1)

WU, Q.                                          EP1.1(227EP1.1)

WU, R-B.                                       DP2.5(225DP2.5)

WU, S-M.                                      AP.4(250AP.4)

WU, T.                                           KAE.1(190KAE.1)

WU, X. Y.                                      DAF2.10(180DAF2.10)

X

XEMARD, A.                                  E07.9(127E07.9)

XIAO, F.                                        E11.2(201E11.2)

XIAO, T.                                        H02.7(38H02.7), HP1.17(241HP1.17), HP1.18(241HP1.18)

XIE, S.                                           EP1.1(227EP1.1)

XU, R.                                            AGJ.2(118AGJ.2)

XU, X.                                            AB1.5(78AB1.5)

XU, Z-W.                                       HP2.6(276HP2.6)

XUE, Z.                                          AB1.5(78AB1.5)

Y

YADAV, R.                                     C01.2(8C01.2)

YADAV, S.                                     AD.10(174AD.10), G05.7(89G05.7), GP1.33(234GP1.33), GP1.48(237GP1.48)

YAGHJIAN, A. D.                          BD1.1(26BD1.1)

YAGITANI, S.                                E02.10(32E02.10), EP1.2(227EP1.2), HP1.3(239HP1.3), HP2.2(276HP2.2), KP1.4(248KP1.4)

YAKABE, T.                                   CT.1(95CT.1)

YAKHNO, T. M.                             BP1.20(215BP1.20)

YAKHNO, V. G.                             BP1.20(215BP1.20)

YAKIMOVA, G. A.                         GP2.26(270GP2.26)

YAMADA, S.                                  KP1.4(248KP1.4)

YAMAGUCHI, A.                           AD.5(173AD.5)

YAMAGUCHI, R.                           CP.10(221CP.10)

YAMAMOTO, H.                           DAF2.8(180DAF2.8)

YAMAMOTO, M.                           G05.4(88G05.4), G07.4(130G07.4), GP2.23(270GP2.23)

YAMASAKI, T.                               B12.4(196B12.4)

YAMASHITA, M.                            DAF2.3(179DAF2.3)

YAMAUCHI, J.                              BP1.15(214BP1.15)

YAN, Y.                                          J05.6(92J05.6), JP2.9(282JP2.9)

YANG, B.                                       H03.8(59H03.8)

YANG, C-F.                                   AP.2(250AP.2), AP.3(250AP.3), DP4.13(263DP4.13)

YANG, F.                                       BD2.10(121BD2.10)

YANG, G.                                      F07.7(129F07.7), HG1.7(91HG1.7)

YANG, J.                                       JP2.14(283JP2.14)

YANG, N.                                      AB3.7(155AB3.7)

YANG, T.                                       AB1.4(78AB1.4)

YANG, Y.                                       AC.1(194AC.1)

YANIK, A. A.                                  DB2.6(83DB2.6), DP3.5(260DP3.5)

YANIK, M. F.                                 D07.11(125D07.11)

YANQUE, R.                                 GP1.47(236GP1.47)

YAO, Q.                                         F07.7(129F07.7)

YARDIN, C. C.                              K06.5(137K06.5)

YAROVOY, A.                               B12.6(196B12.6), F05.7(87F05.7)

YASIN, T.                                      BP2.20(255BP2.20)

YASLAN, H. C.                              BP1.20(215BP1.20)

YASUDA, M.                                  AD.2(173AD.2)

YASUKAWA, K.                             CP.12(221CP.12)

YASUMOTO, K.                            F02.10(34F02.10)

YASYUKEVICH, Y. V.                   GP1.10(231GP1.10), GP2.11(268GP2.11)

YATAWATTA, S.                           J06.6(112J06.6)

YATAWATTA, S. B.                      J01.7(20J01.7)

YATIM, B.                                      FG.7(184FG.7)

YAZGAN, E.                                  BP2.12(253BP2.12)

YEðIN, K.                                       C11.6(157C11.6)

YEGIN, K.                                      B07.10(100B07.10), BP2.29(256BP2.29), BP2.44(258BP2.44)

YEN, T-J.                                      DAF2.2(179DAF2.2)

YEO, S. P.                                     F07.2(128F07.2)

YESIL, A.                                       G07.8(131G07.8)

YI, C. B.                                         FG.8(184FG.8)

YI, L.                                              AD.1(173AD.1)

YIGIT, E.                                       BP1.40(218BP1.40), DAF2.5(179DAF2.5), F05.2(86F05.2)

YILDIZ, Z.                                      EP1.5(227EP1.5)

YILMAZ, H.                                    D07.5(124D07.5)

YILMAZ, T.                                    K04.4(93K04.4)

YIN, P.                                           GP1.18(232GP1.18)

YIU, I.                                            GP1.12(231GP1.12)

YIZENGAW, E.                             G06.9(109G06.9), GP1.3(230GP1.3), HP2.13(278HP2.13)

YLA-OIJALA, P.                            B05.2(69B05.2)

YOKOI, K.                                     H09.4(165H09.4)

YONEZU, T.                                  JP2.19(283JP2.19)

YORUK, Y. E.                                CA.8(123CA.8), F02.9(34F02.9)

YOSHIDA, S.                                 E02.6(31E02.6), E02.7(32E02.7), EGH.5(72EGH.5)

YOSHIDA, T.                                 C05.3(64C05.3), F07.1(128F07.1)

YOSHIE, S.                                   K06.1(137K06.1), K06.2(137K06.2), K06.4(137K06.4), KP1.6(248KP1.6)

YOSHIKAWA, E.                           E02.7(32E02.7)

YOSHIMURA, Y.                           EP1.2(227EP1.2)

YOSHINO, C.                                GHE3.4(204GHE3.4)

YOSHINO, Y.                                KP2.9(285KP2.9)

YOUNAN, N.                                 DP1.6(223DP1.6)

YOZA, N. P.                                  GP2.7(268GP2.7)

YU, D. J.                                        HP1.8(240HP1.8)

YU, J.                                            AGJ.2(118AGJ.2), BP1.37(218BP1.37), D01.7(10D01.7)

YUAN, F.                                       D01.7(10D01.7)

YUAN, L.                                       BJ.6(140BJ.6)

YUCEL, A. C.                                EB.2(104EB.2)

YURT, A.                                       D07.10(125D07.10)

Z

ZABORONKOVA, T. M.                H09.5(165H09.5)

ZABOTIN, N.                                 G04.1(74G04.1)

ZABOTIN, N. A.                            G02.8(36G02.8), GP1.31(234GP1.31)

ZAGHLOUL, A. I.                          AC.3(194AC.3)

ZAHARIM, A.                                 FG.8(184FG.8)

ZAKA, K. Z.                                   GP2.36(272GP2.36)

ZAKHARENKOVA, I. E.                G02.3(35G02.3), GP1.11(231GP1.11), GP1.14(232GP1.14), GP1.60(238GP1.60), GP2.26(270GP2.26), GP2.51(274GP2.51)

ZAKHAROV, V. I.                          GP1.17(232GP1.17)

ZAKIA, M. B.                                  JP2.10(282JP2.10)

ZAMOW, D.                                  E03.10(53E03.10)

ZAMPIERI, L.                                AGJ.1(118AGJ.1)

ZANDER, J.                                  E05.5(84E05.5)

ZANETTI, L.                                  K01.1(21K01.1)

ZARB ADAMI, K.                           JP1.2(244JP1.2)

ZARB-ADAMI, K.                           J02.4(42J02.4)

ZARKA, P.                                     JP1.18(246JP1.18), JP2.7(282JP2.7)

ZAROUBI, S.                                 J01.7(20J01.7)

ZARUDNEV, V.                             HP2.16(278HP2.16)

ZASTROW, E.                              K05.1(114K05.1)

ZAYATS, A. V.                               DB2.2(83DB2.2)

ZAZO-BELLO, S.                          C12.1(177C12.1)

ZBYSZYNSKI, Z.                           GP2.34(272GP2.34)

ZDEMIRLI, A.                                BP2.29(256BP2.29)

ZEDDAM, A.                                  E07.3(126E07.3)

ZEFFERER, M.                             KAE.4(190KAE.4), KP2.2(284KP2.2)

ZENG, X.                                       KBE.5(40KBE.5)

ZENGIN, F.                                   K04.2(93K04.2)

ZESTA, E.                                     HP2.13(278HP2.13)

ZEVENHOVEN, K.                        K07.4(151K07.4)

ZHAI, H.                                        AC.1(194AC.1)

ZHANG, H.                                    JP1.14(246JP1.14)

ZHANG, J.                                    J05.6(92J05.6)

ZHANG, L.                                    DB3.7(117DB3.7)

ZHANG, Q.                                   BP1.4(213BP1.4)

ZHANG, W.                                   ABD.1(5ABD.1), B11.9(176B11.9)

ZHANG, X.                                    K08.4(168K08.4)

ZHANG, Y.                                    DP1.2(223DP1.2), F07.7(129F07.7), HG1.7(91HG1.7)

ZHANG, Z.                                    B07.2(99B07.2)

ZHAO, H-S.                                   HP2.6(276HP2.6)

ZHAO, Q.                                      F04.5(73F04.5)

ZHAO, X-N.                                   EB.10(105EB.10)

ZHAO, Y.                                       BD1.8(27BD1.8)

ZHAO, Z.                                       F07.7(129F07.7), HG1.7(91HG1.7)

ZHBANKOV, G. A.                        GP1.52(237GP1.52), GP2.1(267GP2.1)

ZHEN, B.                                       D03.9(51D03.9)

ZHENG, S.                                    BP1.4(213BP1.4)

ZHENG, S-Q.                                EB.10(105EB.10)

ZHONG, J.                                    KP1.1(248KP1.1)

ZHONG, Y.                                   B11.1(175B11.1)

ZHOU, C.                                      F07.7(129F07.7), HG1.7(91HG1.7)

ZHOU, D.                                      FCA.5(203FCA.5)

ZHOU, M.                                      H02.8(38H02.8)

ZHU, C.                                         DP4.1(262DP4.1)

ZHU, S.                                         F05.3(86F05.3)

ZHU, X.                                         G02.5(35G02.5)

ZHU, Y.                                         K04.3(93K04.3)

ZHUKOVA, N. N.                          F02.10(34F02.10)

ZHURAVLEV, A.                           BP1.30(217BP1.30), K04.5(93K04.5)

ZIMBARDO, G.                             H02.9(38H02.9)

ZINCHENKO, I. I.                          JP2.18(283JP2.18)

ZIOLKOWSKI, R. W.                    BT.1(23BT.1)

ZIURYS, L. M.                               J07.15(135J07.15)

ZOGHZOGHY, F. G.                    E09.4(161E09.4)

ZOLESI, B.                                    GP1.50(237GP1.50), GP1.53(237GP1.53)

ZOLOTOV, O. V.                          GP2.49(274GP2.49), GP2.56(275GP2.56)

ZONG, Q.                                     HP1.15(241HP1.15)

ZONG, Q. -G.                               H02.7(38H02.7)

ZOR, O.                                        DP2.1(225DP2.1)

ZORIN, A. B.                                 A04.6(67A04.6)

ZUBOVA, Y. V.                              GP1.59(238)GP1.59