Table of Contents

Oral Presentations

SPC – Second International URSI Student Paper Competition

ABD – Low Noise Microwave Generation. 5

B01 – Electromagnetic Theory. 7

C01 – Frequency Converters and Mixers. 8

D01 – RFID Technology and Applications. 9

E01 – EMC Interactions in Complex Systems. 11

F01 – State-of-the-Art Developments in Propagation and Remote sensing. 13

G01 – Open Session and Latest Results I 15

H01 – Nonlinear Waves and Turbulence in Plasmas. 17

J01 – Low Frequency Radio Astronomy I – (LOFAR, LWA, MWA, GMRT, any other) 19

K01 – Interaction between EMF and Biosystems: Molecular Modeling and Ultra Short Pulses Biological Effects 21

BT – Passive and Active Metamaterial Constructs and Their Impact on Electrically Small Radiating and Scattering Systems 23

General Lecture 1. 24

A02 – Fractals - Design and Measurement 25

BD1 – Metamaterial Theory. 26

C02 – Advanced Architectures of High-Performance Power Amplifiers for Mobile Communications Systems 28

DB1: Modeling of High Frequency Devices and Circuits. 29

E02 – Lightning and Related Effects I 31

F02 – Attenuation and Depolarization in Satellite and Terrestrial Propagation. 33

G02 – Measuring and Modeling the Ionospheric Electron Density Profile. 35

H02 – Micro/macro-scale Kinetic Processes at Boundary Layers in Terrestrial and Planetary Environments 37

JT – Exploring the Epoch of Reionization with Low-Frequency Radio Telescopes (in memory of Donald C. Backer) 39

KBE – Non-ionizing Electromagnetic Breast Imaging. 40

J02 – Low Frequency Radio Astronomy II 42

CD – Advanced RF Integrated Circuits. 44

A03 – Time Scale. 45

B03 – Hybrid Methods (in memory of Robert G. Kouyoumjian) 47

CB – Antenna Channel Interactions for Future Wireless Communications. 49

D03 – Lasers. 50

E03 – High Power and Intentional EMI (in memory of Carl E. Baum) 52

F03 – Tropospheric Modeling for Radiowave Propagation and Radar Remote Sensing. 54

G03 - Recent Developments in and Coordinated Studies with Incoherent Scatter Radars. 56

H03 – Wave-particle Interactions and Their Effects on Planetary Radiation Belts I 58

J03 – Technology Development for the SKA Program.. 60

K03 – Environmental EMF Exposure Assessment 62

C05 – Radio Science for Information Security and Social Safety. 64

KT – Epidemiology of RF and Cancer 65

A04 – EM Materials. 66

B04 – Electromagnetic Field Transformations for Measurements and Numerical Methods. 68

B05 – Theoretical and Numerical Issues in Electromagnetics. 69

C06 – Green Communications. 70

DBC – Signal Processing Antennas. 71

EGH – Terrestrial and Planetary Electromagnetics. 72

F04 – Active and Passive Remote Sensing of Vegetation (in honor of Roger H. Lang) 73

G04 – Practical Applications and Techniques for the Use of Ionosonde Data. 74

HT – Major developments in our understanding of electric antennas in space plasmas. 75

J04 – Space and Moon-based radio astronomy: science and technology. 76

H04 – Wave-particle Interactions and Their Effects on Planetary Radiation Belts II 77

AB1 – Antenna Measurement 78

B06 – Multiscale Modeling and Applications to Composite Materials. 80

CBD – Vehicular Communications. 82

DB2 – Plasmonics. 83

E05 – Spectrum Management 84

F05 – Radar Applications: Polarimetric Interferometry, Smart Systems and Propagation Impairment 86

G05 – New Science Initiatives on Irregularities and Scintillation using Beacon Satellites. 88

HG1 – Radio Sounding in Ionospheres and Magnetospheres and Associated Plasma Phenomena I 90

J05 – Sun and Solar System Science. 92

K04 – Biomedical Applications: Diagnostic Sensing. 93

CT – Six-port Wave Correlator Theory and Practical Application to RF Network Analysis. 95

General Lecture 2. 96

AB2 - Antenna Measurement 97

B07 – Adaptive Antennas. 99

CHGBDJK – Solar Power Satellites and Wireless Power Transmission. 101

DT – RFID Technology and Applications. 103

EB – Electromagnetic Modelling for EMC.. 104

F06 – Remote Sensing of Oceans, Cryosphere and Related Topics. 106

G06 – Distributed Ground and Space-based Observatories for Space Weather Studies. 108

HG2 – Radio Sounding in Ionospheres and Magnetospheres and Associated Plasma Phenomena II 110

J06 – Signal Processing, Calibration and Imaging in Radio Astronomy. 112

K05 – Interactions with Human Body and Implanted Systems. 114

DB3 – Metamaterial Applications. 116

AGJ – Pulsar Timing and Time Transfer 118

BD2 – Numerical Techniques for Multi-Physics Electromagnetics. 120

CA – Propagation Measurement Based Performance Evaluation of Advanced MIMO Systems 122

D07 – Micro and Nano Photonics. 124

E07 – EMC in Wire and Wireless Communication Systems. 126

F07– Scintillations, Fading, Ducting, and Remote Sensing and Propagation for Non-Precipitating Atmosphere 128

G07 – Ionospheric Research for Radio Systems Support 130

HG3 – Active Experiments in the Ionosphere and Magnetosphere I 132

J07 – Observatory Reports. 134

K06 – Biological Effects of EMF: Cellular, Animal 137

AT – Single Electron Tunneling (SET) 139

BJ – Very Large Antenna Arrays for Radio Astronomy. 140

C10 – Wireless Communication Technologies for Standardization. 141

D08 – Nonlinear Optics and Guided Wave Devices. 142

E08 – Surveys of the Electromagnetic Environment 143

FT – Remote Sensing, Systems and Applications: Present and Future. 144

G08 – Open Session and Latest Results II 145

GHE1 – Lightning Induced Effects in the Ionosphere and Magnetosphere, I 147

HG4 – Active Experiments in the Ionosphere and Magnetosphere II 148

J08 – Spectrum Management Issues and RFI Mitigation. 150

K07 – Biomedical Applications: Imaging and Brain Mapping. 151

F08 – System Aspects: Antennas, Calibration, and Interference. 153

AB3 – Antenna Measurement 154

B10 – Beam Methods. 156

C11 – Power Amplifier Considerations for Software Radio Systems. 157

DAF1 – Enabling Technologies for Millimeter and THz Wave Applications. 159

E09 – Lightning and Related Effects II 161

F09 – Disaster Management 162

G09 – CAWSES-2 Ionospheric and Thermospheric Campaigns and Results. 164

H09 – Laboratory Simulation of Space and Dust-related Phenomena. 165

Grote Reber Award Function. 167

K08 – Biomedical Application: Healing and Therapy. 168

ET – EMC Measurements in the Time-Domain. 170

JG – Ionospheric Calibration for Radio Astronomy (in memory of William E. Gordon) 171

General Lecture 3. 172

AD – Optical Frequency Metrology. 173

B11 – Inverse Scattering and Imaging. 175

C12 – Multiple Antenna Technologies for Communication Systems and Radar 177

DAF2 – Millimeter and THz Wave Applications, including NTU, security, communication, sensors, spectroscopy, etc. 179

E10 – Stochastic Techniques in EMC.. 181

FG – Ionospheric and Tropospheric Effects in Precision GNSS. 183

GT – Sprites and Energetic Radiation Above Thunderstorms. 185

H10 – Waves as Signatures of Inflowing Plasma Interaction with Solar System Bodies. 186

J10 – Mm and Sub-mm Science and Technology with a Special Focus on ALMA. 188

KAE – Anatomical Human Models Development and Exposure Assessment 190

GHE2 – Lightning Induced Effects in the Ionosphere and Magnetosphere, II 192

AC – Communication Metrology. 194

B12 – Novel Mathematical Methods in Electromagnetics. 196

C13 – Signal Processing Advances for Cognitive Radio. 198

DF – Hyperspectral Sensing and LIDAR.. 200

E11 – EMC and Signal Integrity. 201

FCA – Channel Modeling, Measurements and Characterization in Communications and Remote Sensing 203

GHE3 – Electromagnetic Effects in Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere Coupling. 204

H11 – Open session. 206

J11 – New Observations and Results. 208

KB – Uncertainty Management in Numerical Calculation and EM Field Dosimetry. 210

Public Lecture. 212

Poster Presentations

BP1 – Poster session 1. 213

CP – Poster session. 220

Poster: RFID and Signal Processing Antennas. 223

Poster: High frequency Devices and Multiphysics Techniques. 225

EP1 – Poster session 1. 227

FP1 – Poster session 1 – Focus: Remote Sensing. 229

GP1 – Poster session 1. 230

HP1 – Poster session 1. 239

JP1 – Poster session 1. 244

KP1 – Poster session 1. 248

AP – Poster Session. 250

BP2 – Poster Session 2. 252

Poster: Photonics. 260

Poster: Metamaterials and Microwave Techniques. 262

EP2 – Poster Session 2. 264

FP2 – Poster Session 2 – Focus: Propagation. 266

GP2 – Poster Session 2. 267

HP2 – Poster Session 2. 276

JP2 – Poster Session 2. 281

KP2 – Poster Session 2. 284

Author Index 286

SPC – Second International URSI Student Paper Competition

Session Chairs: Steven C. Reising, Birsen Saka

Session SPC

Type Oral Presentation

Schedule Monday, August 15, 13:00-16:40

Room Sultan 3

13:00 SPC.1 A FEMTOSECOND-PRECISION, FIBER-OPTIC TIMING TRANSFER SYSTEM WITH LONG-TERM STABLE, POLARIZATION MAINTAINING OUTPUT

J. A. Cox¹, F. X. Kärtner^1,21Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA; ² Hamburg University, Germany

A fiber-based, all-optical system for femtosecond-precision, long-term, timing transfer and synchronization of electronics and lasers at the kilometer scale is presented. The system incorporates a fiber polarization controller for long-term synchronization of remote lasers, and uses an optical timing detector based on balanced optical cross-correlation. We demonstrate continuous, unaided timing distribution over 168-hours with 5 fs rms precision over 340 m of fiber. Also, timing transfer from local to remote laser for 5 hours with 4 fs rms precision is shown. A study of linear and non-linear effects impacting performance is presented.

13:20 SPC.2 AN INVESTIGATION OF WHISTLER INTENSITIES ABOVE THUNDERSTORMS

J. Fiser¹, J. Chum¹, G. Diendorfer², M. Parrot³, and O. Santolik^1,4, ¹Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic; ²Austrian Electrotechnical Association, Austria; ³LPC2E/CNRS, France; ⁴Charles University, Czech Republic

We study a penetration of whistlers to the ionosphere. We developed an automatic method for assigning causative lightning to fractional-hop whistlers observed on the DEMETER satellite. Processing data from 364 passes of the satellite over Europe, we found that at nighttime, a mean whistler intensity is approximately three times larger than at daytime. A maximum of whistler intensity is shifted approximately one degree from the satellite magnetic footprint owing to the oblique propagation. Calculations of wave attenuation made using IRI2007 and MSIS models show very similar result in a ratio of nighttime and daytime intensities.

13:40 SPC.3 CONFINING THE ANGULAR DISTRIBUTION OF TGF EMISSION

T. Gjesteland¹, N. Ostgaard¹, A. B. Collier², B. E. Carlson², M. B. Cohen³, N. G. Lehtinen³¹University of Bergen, Norway; ²University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; ³Stanford University, USA

We present the first constraints on the TGF emission cone, based on accurately geolocated TGFs. The distribution of the observation angles for 106 TGFs are compared to Monte Carlo simulations. We find that TGF emissions within an isotropic half angle >30deg can generate the observations. In addition, 36 events are used for spectral analysis. The result is a significant softening of the TGF energy spectrum for large observation angles, which is consistent with a TGF emission half angle <40deg. The constraints 30-40deg indicates that the electrons which produce TGFs are accelerated in nearly vertical electric fields.

14:00 SPC.4 SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF THE AIRY PULSE BEAM

Y. Kaganovsky, E. Heyman, Tel Aviv University, Israel

The Airy beam (AiB) has attracted a lot of attention recently because of its intriguing features such as propagation along curved trajectories in free-space and the weak diffraction. Here we derive the ultra wide band Airy pulsed beam (AiPB) which is the extension of the AiB into the time domain. We introduce a frequency scaling that renders the ray skeleton of the field frequency independent, thus insuring that the resulting AiPB is non-dispersive and preserves the intriguing features of the time-harmonic AiB. An exact closed form solution is derived using the spectral theory of transients (STT).

14:20 SPC.5 ACCURATE PHOTONIC ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERSION

A. Khilo¹, C. M. Sorace¹, J. R. Birge¹, F. X. Kärtner^1,21Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA;  ²Hamburg University, Germany

Photonic analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) are attracting significant interest due to promise of overcoming the problem of aperture jitter and improving ADC performance level by orders of magnitude. This work examines several critical factors which define the accuracy of an optically-sampled wavelength-demultiplexed ADC built on a silicon chip using silicon photonic technology. These factors are the optical power-dependent shot noise, optical power-dependent nonlinearities due to two-photon and free-carrier absorption in silicon, and nonlinear transfer function of a silicon modulator. Ways to reduce the impact of these factors on ADC accuracy are considered.

14:40 Break

15:00 SPC.6 RIGOROUS APPROACH TO ANALYSIS OF 2-D ELECTROSTATIC-FIELD PROBLEMS FOR MULTI-CONDUCTOR SYSTEMS

G. Safonova, E. Vynogradova, Macquarie University, Australia

The two-dimensional body potential problem is rigorously solved with emphasis on electrostatics. By the Method of Analytical Regularization, the solution is obtained from coupled second kind infinite systems of linear algebraic equations that are effectively solved numerically by a truncation method. A combination of the fast convergence with fast and accurate computation of the matrix elements makes the computational routine extremely efficient: in most cases the computational time measures a few seconds. As an example, the developed algorithm is applied to a calculation of the capacitance matrix for N arbitrary profiled charged cylinders surrounded by a grounded cylindrical shield.

15:20 SPC.7 MODEL ORDER REDUCTION METHODS FOR MULTIVARIATE PARAMETERIZED DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS

K. Stavrakakis¹, T. Wittig², W. Ackermann¹, T. Weiland¹¹Technische Universität Darmstadt, Germany; ²Computer Simulation Technology AG, Germany

Electrodynamic field simulations in the frequency domain typically require the solution of large dynamical systems. Model order reduction (MOR) techniques offer a fast approach to approximate the system impedance with respect to the frequency parameter. During the design process, it is desirable to vary specified parameters like the frequency, geometry details or material parameters, giving rise to multivariate dynamical systems. In this work, multivariate MOR methods are presented for multivariate parameterized systems based on the finite integration technique. The methods are applied to numerical examples with both geometrical and material variations.

15:40 SPC.8 A UNIFIED MICROWAVE RADIATIVE TRANSFER MODEL WITH JACOBIAN FOR GENERAL PLANAR STRATIFIED MEDIA

M. Tian, A. J. Gasiewski, University of Colorado at Boulder, USA

A unified microwave radiative transfer (UMRT) model is presented for computing the thermal radiation from geophysical media comprised of planar multilayer spherical scatterers of arbitrary electrical size and density. UMRT employs discrete ordinate-eigenanalysis to solve the vector radiative transfer equation. Importantly, UMRT inherits the symmetrization, analytical diagonalization, and factorization techniques from the discrete ordinate tangent linear radiative transfer (DOTLRT) model devised by Voronovich et al., to ensure accuracy, numerical stability, and computational efficiency, along with Jacobian capability. However UMRT extends the applicability of DOTLRT by including the dense media radiative transfer theory and linear temperature profiles within slabs.

16:00 SPC.9 A COMPRESSED SENSING APPROACH TO OBSERVING DISTRIBUTED RADAR TARGETS

R. Volz, S. Close, Stanford University, USA

Compressed sensing, a method which relies on sparsity to reconstruct signals with relatively few measurements, has the potential to greatly improve observation of distributed radar targets. We extend the theoretical work of others by investigating the practical problems of implementing this approach for distributed targets, first examining a discrete linear radar model suitable for compressed sensing and then discussing an example of this technique used on existing data. Potential benefits include higher possible range resolution, complete filtering of noise without sidelobes or artifacts, and the ability to identify different Doppler shifts within the same range window of a single pulse.

16:20 SPC.10 ANTENNA DESIGN AND CHANNEL MEASUREMENTS FOR ON-BODY COMMUNICATIONS AT 60 GHZ

X. Y. Wu, Y. Nechayev, P. S. Hall, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom

On-body communication is of increasing interest for a number of applications, such as medical-sensor networks, emergency-service workers, and personal communications. This paper reviews 60 GHz on-body communication and its benefits and challenges. Two novel low profile high gain, end-fire wearable antennas are then described. Measurements with an experimental phantom and real human body are presented. Results show antennas achieve good performance close to a phantom. Shadowing effects and polarisation issues for on-body communications at 60 GHz are discussed.

16:40 End of the Session

ABD – Low Noise Microwave Generation

Session Chair: Michael Tobar

Session ABD

Type Oral Presentation

Schedule Monday, August 15, 08:00-10:40

Room Dolmabahçe C

08:00 ABD.1 LOW PHASE NOISE MICROWAVE GENERATION WITH FIBER-BASED FEMTOSECOND LASERS

W. Zhang, T. Li, A. Haboucha, M. Lours, G. Santarelli, Y. Lecoq, LNE-SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, Paris, France;  A. Luiten, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia;  R. Holzwarth, Menlo Systems GmbH, Martinsried, Germany  

When a femtosecond laser is servoed onto an ultra-stable cw laser, its repetition rate acquire an extreme spectral purity. By photodetecting the pulses, we are able to generate ultra-low phase noise microwave signals and use it for cutting edge metrology experiments. We present our past and present work to generate microwave signal with very low degradation from the limit imposed by the reference oscillator, using a highly reliable fiber-based system. The latest developments involve employing an intra-cavity electro-optic modulator, reduced relative intensity noise of the laser, and studies of the photodetector amplitude to-phase conversion.

08:20 ABD.2 CRYOGENIC SAPPHIRE MICROWAVE OSCILLATORS FOR SPACE, METROLOGY AND SCIENTIFIC APPLICATIONS

V. Giordano, S. Grop, P.-Y. Bourgeois, Y. Kersal, E. Rubiola, M. Mrad, Institut FEMTO-ST, Besancon, France;  C. Langham, M. Oxborrow, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK;  W. Schfer, TimeTech GmbH, Stuttgart, Germany  

We recently demonstrated a Cryogenic Sapphire Oscillator presenting a relative short term frequency stability better than 3e-15 for 1 s < t < 1000 s and achieving 4.5e-15 for one day integration. This CSO incorporates a pulse-tube cooler instead of a bath cryostat thus eliminating the need for regular supplies and manual transferring of liquid helium. The advent of reliable and cryocooled CSO open the possibility to implement such an ultra-stable reference not only in metrological laboratories with liquid helium facilities but also in remote sites like base stations for space navigation, VBLI antenna sites, ...

08:40 ABD.3 CHARACTERIZATION OF TIMING JITTER IN ULTRAFAST FIBER AND TI:S LASERS AND SUPERCONTINUUM

J. A. Cox, A. J. Benedick, F. X. Kaertner, MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States

The timing jitter of erbium doped, fiber optic and Titanium:Sapphire lasers, both passively mode-locked ultrafast lasers at 80 MHz, is measured with unprecedented resolution and bandwidth. Using the balanced optical cross-correlator timing detector, we found a total integrated timing jitter of 2.2 fs rms [100 Hz, 1 MHz] for the fiber supercontinuum and only 55 as rms [100 Hz, 10 MHz] jitter for the Ti:S laser. This measurement of fiber laser jitter is an absolute measurement, since the jitter of the fiber laser was measured against the Ti:S laser, which is negligible.

09:00 ABD.4 OPTICAL FREQUENCY COMBS FOR LOW PHASE NOISE MICROWAVE GENERATION

F. Quinlan, T. M. Fortier, M. S. Kirchner, J. A. Taylor, J. C. Bergquist, T. Rosenband, N. Lemke, A. Ludlow, Y. Jiang, C. W. Oates, S. A. Diddams, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, United States

An optical frequency comb locked to a stable optical reference can serve as a source for microwave signals having very low close-to-carrier phase noise. This has recently been confirmed by comparing two independent systems, yielding an absolute phase noise of -104 dBc/Hz at 1 Hz offset from a 10 GHz carrier. The corresponding timing jitter is 760 attoseconds, integrated from 1 Hz to 1 MHz. Here we describe the system architecture, as well as technical and fundamental noise limitations.

09:20 Tea/Coffee Break

09:40 ABD.5 PRECISION NOISE MEASUREMENTS AND OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY STABILIZATION

E. N. Ivanov, M. E. Tobar, The University of Western Australia, Perth,WA, Australia

This paper summarizes recent advances in two closely related research fields: precision noise measurements and generation of low-phase noise microwave signals. The progress achieved in those fields over the past decade was largely associated with the applications of microwave circuit interferometry, which is a powerful noise measurement technique born out of the quest to detect gravitational waves in the beginning of 90s.

10:00 ABD.6 AN S/C-BAND SIGE HBT DIFFERENTIAL VCO USING A NOVEL HPF-TYPE RESONATOR COMPRISED OF THE CHIP INDUCTORS FOR A HIGHER OSCILLATION FREQUENCY

Y. Itoh, Y. Tashiro, Shonan Institute Of Technology, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan

An S/C-band SiGe HBT differential VCO has been developed for the next generation wireless radios. It employs a novel HPF-type resonator having a parallel LC circuit for higher frequency oscillation. The novel HPF-type resonator can be easily constructed from only the chip inductors by using their parasitic capacitance. The differential VCO has achieved an oscillation from 3.36 to 4.03GHz, a phase noise of less than -100dBc/Hz at 100kHz offset for VCC=3V and IC=2.93mA. This is the first report on the differential VCO using only chip inductors as a resonator element.

10:20 ABD.7 ON THE QUALITY FACTOR OF A LOW-LOSS PARALLEL-PLATE RESONATOR BASED ON COMPLEMENTARY METAMATERIALS

D. Sjoberg, M. Gustafsson, Lund University, Lund, Sweden

Several proposals have been made during the last ten years on size-independent resonators by using metamaterials for phase compensation. In this paper, we present an estimate of the quality factor of a simple parallel-plate resonator, based on realistic assumptions such as linear, passive, causal, time-translational invariant metamaterials, and lossy walls. It is found that the quality factor of the resonator depends on whether the losses of the material or the metal walls are dominating: in the former case, there is no size dependence, in the latter case, the size dependence is similar to a vacuum-filled resonator.

10:40 End of the Session

B01 – Electromagnetic Theory

Session Chairs: Mats Gustafsson, Gerhard Kristensson

Session B01

Type Oral Presentation

Schedule Monday, August 15, 08:00-09:20

Room Anadolu Auditorium

08:00 B01.1 SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF THE AIRY PULSED BEAM

Y. Kaganovsky, E. Heyman, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel

The Airy beam (AiB) has attracted a lot of attention recently because of its intriguing features such as propagation along curved trajectories in free-space and the weak diffraction. Here we derive the ultra wide band Airy pulsed beam (AiPB) which is the extension of the AiB into the time domain. We introduce a frequency scaling that renders the ray skeleton of the field frequency independent, thus insuring that the resulting AiPB is non-dispersive and preserves the intriguing features of the time-harmonic AiB. An exact closed form solution is derived using the spectral theory of transients (STT).

08:20 B01.2 DOES EVANESCENT GAIN EXIST?

J. O. Grepstad^1,2, J. Skaar^1,2;  ¹Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; ²University Graduate Center, Kjeller, Norway

We have investigated the situation where light incident from a passive high-refractive-index medium is totally reflected off an infinite half space with gain. The question of whether or not evanescent gain can prevail in this case, has been at issue for 40 years. We argue that the controversy can be resolved for week gain media using the Laplace transform, combined with a detailed analysis of analytic and global properties of the permittivity function of the active medium.

08:40 B01.3 NEW TYPE OF GYROTROPY IN GRAPHENE - COMPARISON WITH GYROTROPY IN PLASMAS

D. L. Sounas, C. Caloz, Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal, Montreal, Canada

The gyrotropic properties of magnetically biased graphene are compared to these of magnetically biased plasmas. Graphene exhibits a significant polarization rotation phenomenon at frequencies below the cyclotron resonance, where plasmas do not provide any polarization rotation. At frequencies above the cyclotron resonance the behavior of graphene is similar to this of plasmas. Graphene allows the control of its gyrotropic properties via a static electric field, while keeping the bias magnetic field constant, in contrast to plasmas where the variation of the bias magnetic field is required.

09:00 B01.4 THE CLASS OF DECOMPOSABLE MEDIA IN FOUR-DIMENSIONAL REPRESENTATION

I. V. Lindell, Aalto University, School of Electrical Engineering, Espoo, Finland;  L. Bergamin, KP&B GmbH, Bern, Switzerland;  A. Favaro, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom  

TE/TM decomposition of electromagnetic fields in uniaxial anisotropic media is generalized applying four-dimensional differential-form formalism by requiring orthogonality between the field two-form and two given bivectors. Conditions are derived for the electromagnetic medium allowing the decomposition and found to define three subclasses of media. The medium dyadics of two of the subclasses satisfy equations of the second order while that defining the third subclass satisfies an equation of the first order. Dispersion equations for plane waves are derived and the corresponding eigenpolarizations are found for all three subclasses.

09:20 End of the Session

C01 – Frequency Converters and Mixers

Session Chair: Kenji Itoh

Session C01

Type Oral Presentation

Schedule Monday, August 15, 08:00-10:20

Room Dolmabahçe A

08:00 C01.1 KA BAND DIRECT MODULATION USING SUB HARMONIC MIXER FOR SATELLITE APPLICATION

S. Gupta, B. Batra, N. Kumar, DAIICT, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India

In this paper, a KaBand direct modulator using subHarmonic mixer is designed and analysed. KaBand direct modulator comprises of WilkinsonPowerDivider, LangeCoupler, SubHarmonic mixer using APDP and Microstrip filters. A subharmonic mixer operates at half the LO frequency eliminating the need for frequency doublers, a filter and an amplifier at LO circuit. It provides better conversion loss and rejects odd harmonic mixing products. Coupled line topology was selected to get sharp cut off in minimum length of the circuit and for its compactness. Here QPSK technique used two BPSK modulator systems to get various advantages related with data rate and bandwidth.

08:20 C01.2 SERIES SWITCHED RESONATOR BASED DUAL-BAND OSCILLATOR

V. Sharma, R. Yadav, N. P. Pathak, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India

Multi-band oscillator plays a crucial role in modern multi-band wireless radios. The concept of series switched resonator is introduced as a means to achieve multi-band operation in an oscillator. Using the concept, a prototype dual-band oscillator was implemented using single transistor. Switching between two desired frequencies was achieved using a semiconductor diode. The measured characteristics exhibited adequate phase noise performance while providing constant power output for both the design frequencies.

08:40 C01.3 POLE-MOVEMENT IN OSCILLATORS AND ENERGY BALANCE PRINCIPLE

S. Pal¹, S. Chatterjee², B. Biswas¹;  ¹Sir J.C. Bose School of Engineering, SKFGI, Chandannagar, West Bengal, India; ²Kanailal Vidyamandir, Chandannagar, West Bengal, India

Pole-movement in oscillators have been reinvestigated from the perspective of oscillator nonlinearity, harmonic distortion and soft-self and hard-self excitation. Quasi-linearization technique and energy balance technique have been used to evaluate the extent of back and forth pole-movement around the imaginary axis of the complex frequency plane with reference to a Wien Bridge Oscillator, 22.20 kHz and 6.0% distortion. Experimental results have been presented in support of theory. A modified Barkhausen Criterion has been proposed for the nonlinear and non-steady situation of an oscillator demonstrating the transient behavior during the growth of oscillation.

09:00 C01.4 NEW OBSERVATIONS ON BIAS CURRENT VARIATION OF OP AMP OSCILLATORS

S. Pal¹, S. Chatterjee², B. Biswas¹;  ¹Sir J.C. Bose School of Engineering, SKFGI, Chandannagore, West Bengal, India; ²Kanailal Vidyamandir, Chandannagore, West Bengal, India

A new phenomenon called Bias Current Hump in an injection locked op amp oscillator. This phenomenon has been used to design a tracking demodulator that does not require a phase locked nor does it require a discriminator for the demodulation of an FM signal.This paper reports the result that shows that there are situations where the bias point dos not remain invariant. It can be varied both in time and frequency in a controlled manner. This has led us to develop a tracking demodulator with extremely low distortion. Experimental results have been presented in support of the theoretical conjecture.

09:20 Tea/Coffee Break

09:40 C01.5 IQ OSCILLATORS: TRACKING AM AND FM DEMODULATORS

B. Biswas¹, S. Chatterjee², S. Pal¹;  ¹Sir J.C. Bose School of Engineering, SKFGI, Chandannagar, West Bengal, India; ²Kanailal Vidyamandir, Chandannagar, West Bengal, India

The behaviour of a quadrature oscillator when subjected to a synchronizing signal has been analysed and experimentally studied in depth. A non linear theory of the quadrature oscillator has been presented It has led to the development of a single shot tracking FM discriminator with excellent interference rejection capability. It can also be used as a phase locked demodulator exploiting tracking capability. The signal recovered from the AM-FM signal has a better signal-to-interference-ratio.

10:00 C01.6 GAIN SENSITIVITIES OF A MICROWAVE AMPLIFIER WITH RESPECT TO THE MICROSTRIP PARAMETERS

S. Demirel, F. Gunes, Yıldız Technical University, Istanbul, TURKEY

This paper presents a method for the sensitivity analysis of the gain with respect to the width and length of a microstrip line used in any position of the input /or output matching circuit of a microwave amplifier. The method is applied to a low-noise amplifier and the resultant typical sensitivity variations are also given. This work shows which microstrip lines are sensitive with respect width/or length changes, therefore extra care should be taken for them during the practical realization stage.

10:20 End of the Session

D01 – RFID Technology and Applications

Session Chair: Smail Tedjini

Session D01

Type Oral Presentation

Schedule Monday, August 15, 08:00-10:40

Room Dolmabahçe B

08:00 D01.1 IMPLANTED RFID TAG FOR PASSIVE VASCULAR MONITORING

C. Occhiuzzi, G. Contri, G. Marrocco, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy

Starting from the physical evidence that passive UHF-RFID tags may be used as self-sensing devices to detect the state of the tagged object, this contribution address the monitoring of human vascular system by means of augmented Stents. It is shown through simulations and experimentations how transforming a mechanical implant, used to recover a stenosis, into a sensor and communication device embedding RFID chips for the remote detection of the quality of the vein itself and to prevent restenosis pathology.

08:20 D01.2 COMPARISON OF EXTENDED AND UNSCENTED KALMAN FILTER FOR LOCALIZATION OF PASSIVE UHF RFID LABELS

T. Nick, J. Goetze, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany;  W. John, System Integration Laboratory, Paderborn, Germany;  G. Stoenner, Deutsche Post AG, Darmstadt, Germany  

Due to the increased use of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) in different fields of application it is reasonable to explore the benefit that can be obtained by the simultaneous localization of RFID tags. This paper describes the localization of a passive UHF RFID tag via Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) using the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) values. Simulation results based on measurements show that UKF achieves higher localization accuracies than EKF. When using four antennae for the localization the error of UKF is about 28cm and 75cm for EKF.

08:40 D01.3 SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS FOR WIRELESS DIELECTRIC REFLECTOMETRY WITH MODULATED SCATTERERS

J.-C. Bolomey, Paris Sud University, Gif-sur-Yvette, France;  S. Capdevila, L. Jofre, UPC Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain;  S. Tedjini, Grenoble-INP, Valence, France  

Modulated scatterer systems are increasingly considered for remore sensing applications. This paper is focused on cases where the sensing mechanism is expected to result from the change of the probe impedance with the surrounding refractive index. An analytical-based approach allows to obtain the modulated probe response sensitivity to the refractive index. Inspired from RCS-based antenna impedance measurement techniques, the ternary modulation scheme is shown to remove specific difficulties inherent to wireless reflectometry, such as misalignment between the probe and reader antennas. Center-loaded dipoles and meander-line antennas are considered as test cases.

09:00 D01.4 INDOOR LOCALISATION FOR COMPLEX BUILDING DESIGNS USING PASSIVE RFID TECHNOLOGY

F. M. Khan, K. Menzel, National University of Ireland, University College Cork (UCC), Cork, Ireland

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a technology that has proved its importance over the years with ever increasing research and advancements in place. Applications of RFID are exploited in many different industries ranging from Supply Chain and Retail to applications in Medicine and Military. This paper presents an algorithmic technique for indoor localization using Passive RFID Technology. A mathematical explanation of the algorithm is explained with simulated results of positioning accuracy. Hardware design and implementation methodology is discussed afterwards. The application usage of this technique can be in areas of medicine and the retail sector.

09:20 Tea/Coffee Break

09:40 D01.5 PAPER-BASED, INKJET-PRINTED, TEXT-MEANDERED UHF RESONANT ANTENNAS FOR RFID APPLICATIONS

M. Marroncelli, D. Trinchero, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy;  M. Tentzeris, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA  

In this paper different antennas manufacturing and designing techniques are combined with the aim of building useful radiators resonating in the UHF band. The meander lines techniques is exploited in this work with the exception of letters as meander elements. The technologically advanced and already well established silver inkjet printing technique is used for antenna realization. An unusual paper-based substrate is chosen, according with the concepts to lower costs, simplify fabrication procedures and advance usability, towards the realization of antenna for RFID applications. All design phases are discussed and a complete test of the proposed antennas is performed.

10:00 D01.6 METALLIC LETTER IDENTIFICATION BASED ON RADAR APPROACH

A. Vena, T. Singh, S. Tedjini, E. Perret, Grenoble-Inp LCIS, Valence, France

A new concept of letter identification by use of RF wave is presented in this paper. Since letters have various shapes, their Electromagnetic signature can be identified independently. To measure the electromagnetic signature of each letter, a wideband measurement set-up has been used with a frequency span until 10 GHz. It is based on a bi-static radar system with a pulse generator as source, compatible with UWB regulations, and a real time sampling oscilloscope as receiver. The greatest interest of using metallic letters is based on combining the visual identification, with the remote Electro Magnetic identification.

10:20 D01.7 A NOVEL XTEA BASED AUTHENTICATION PROTOCOL FOR RFID SYSTEMS

G. N. Khan, F. Yuan, J. Yu, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada

RFID technology has been widely used in logistic, automation and authentication applications. It still has many potential issues of privacy and security. We present a novel XTEA encryption based authentication protocol. Analysis of its security and privacy is performed using FPGA based prototyping. Different attack models are implemented, and the results show that the protocol is robust and safe against major attacks. The protocol is analyzed and compared with other two similar protocols, Analysis of its performance as compared to related works show its advantages in code size, clock cycle, communication cost and scalability.

10:40 End of the Session

E01 – EMC Interactions in Complex Systems

Session Chairs: Flavio Canavero, Christopher Holloway

Session E01

Type Oral Presentation

Schedule Monday, August 15, 08:00-10:40

Room Galata

08:00 E01.1 DEALING WITH COMPLEXITY IN EMC MODELLING

C. Christopoulos, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom

The paper addresses features of EMC making it a challenging modeling application. These include the very broadband nature of the interactions encompassing regions of non-linearity and uncertain parameter values; the inherent uncertainties in geometrical configurations and dimensions of the multitude of components; and the ubiquitous presence of multi-scale features. The challenge is to address complexity without resorting to extremely lengthy computations which require enormous computational resources and tedious, time consuming problem definition and input data preparation. The emphasis of this paper is on the embedding of macromodels to describe complex materials and the treatment of uncertainties.

08:20 E01.2 MODELING COMPLEX SYSTEMS FOR EMC APPLICATIONS BY CONSIDERING UNCERTAINTIES

F. Paladian, P. Bonnet, S. Lallechere, 1Clermont University, Blaise Pascal University, LASMEA, Aubire, France

The objective of this work is to present a new approach to the random modeling of complex systems in ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC). This contribution aims to compute high orders statistics and study the impact of parameter uncertainties on various EMC topics including transmission lines, radiation and immunity problems. The agreement between results from the Stochastic Collocation (SC) method and Monte-Carlo (MC) simulations guarantee the SC accuracy and robustness. The combination of SC with computations from analytical and tridimensional numerical models (Finite Difference in Time Domain) underlines its advantages (efficiency, non-intrusive integration).

08:40 E01.3 ON THE USE OF THE MONTE CARLO METHOD FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD SIMULATION

A. Kreth, O. Doering, E. Genender, H. Garbe, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Hannover, Germany

The knowledge of electromagnetic interferences plays a significant role in todays research and development. However, the actual realization of large systems may vary or even be unknown. Hence, the electromagnetic field of the system has to be estimated statistically. Therefore this work describes how a statistical field simulation of the electromagnetic field of the system can be accomplished by modeling the system with subsystems and varying the parameters of these subsystems.

09:00 E01.4 STATISTICAL ESTIMATION OF ANTENNA GAIN FROM MEASUREMENTS CARRIED OUT IN A MODE-STIRRED REVERBERATION CHAMBER

C. Lemoine, E. Amador, P. Besnier, J. Sol, J.-M. Floc'h, IETR / INSA de Rennes, Rennes, France;  A. Laisne, DGA - TA, Balma, France  

This paper proposes for the first time a method for estimating the gain of an antenna in a mode-stirred reverberation chamber. The method is based on the estimation of the Ricean K-factor which provides the relative transmitting power level of the line-of-sight path. Experimental results are compared with anechoic chamber measurements using a set of different antennas.

09:20 Tea/Coffee Break

09:40 E01.5 MEASUREMENT OF SHIELDING EFFECTIVENESS OF ELECTRICALLY SMALL ENCLOSURES

C. L. Holloway, C. Dunlap, J. Ladbury, J. Gordon, J. Coder, G. Koepke, NIST, Boulder, Co, United States

In the following we propose a technique for determining the shielding effectiveness of an electrically small enclosure with an electrically small aperture. In particular, we use this technique to explore the shielding characteristics of a rectangular box used to shield devices. Measurement and simulation results are presented in order to validate the technique and to show that, when a source is placed inside the box, different aperture shapes on the face of the enclosure will produce different internal and external field patterns, and have different shielding characteristics.

10:00 E01.6 NUMERICAL ELECTROMAGNETIC MODELING OF CHEMICAL PLANTS FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF RADIO FREQUENCY IGNITION HAZARDS

G. Spadacini, S. A. Pignari, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy

In this work, electromagnetic simulation of electrically-large chemical plants is used to investigate RF ignition hazards. The proposed analysis is aimed at refining results and procedures detailed in the European Standard CLC/TR 50427, which foresees the use of elemental antennas (loops and half-wave dipoles) for the estimation, via closed-form approximated formulas, of the RF power induced by an impinging electromagnetic field.

10:20 E01.7 MODELING OF THE ELECTROMAGNETIC COUPLING TO ELECTRO-EXPLOSIVE DEVICES

N. Mora, F. Rachidi, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology - EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland;  N. Pena, National University of Colombia, Bogota, Colombia;  F. Roman, Los Andes University, Bogota, Colombia  

In this work, we present a general methodology for modeling the coupling of electromagnetic fields with electro-explosive devices (EEDs). We discuss the assumptions and the necessary conditions to achieve the maximization of electromagnetic response of a canonical EED. The product of the EED (E being the electric field and the duration) is presented as a means for determining the electromagnetic environment that could lead to its activation from an external impinging electromagnetic field.

10:40 End of the Session

F01 – State-of-the-Art Developments in Propagation and Remote sensing

Session Chairs: Madhu Chandra, Roger Lang

Session F01

Type Oral Presentation

Schedule Monday, August 15, 08:00-10:40

Room Haliç

08:00 F01.1 RADIOMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING OF THE ENVIRONMENT

R. H. Lang, George Washington Uniiversity, Washington, Dc, United States

Three new L band passive satellite missions to measure sea surface salinity and soil moisture are reviewed. The first is the ESA Soil Moisture Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite. It features the first spaceborne synthetic aperture antenna with enhanced resolution and multiple incident angle looks. The second is the NASA Aquarius mission to sense sea surface salinity with a 0.2psu accuracy and an on-board radar to correct for surface roughnesss. The last is NASAs Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission to measure soil moisture with a 6m mesh antenna for increased resolution and a radar to enhance its performance.

08:20 F01.2 RF ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS IN A RURAL ENVIRONMENT

H. Sizun, URSI-France, Lannion, France;  P. Maliet, Pleumeur Bodou Radio Observation Association, Pleumeur Bodou, France  

Radioelectrical power measurements taken in the 20 MHz - 3 GHz frequency band in a typical rural environment are presented. They show that the spectrum is very clean outside frequency band allocated to land, aeronautical and maritime radiocommunication and more particularly in frequency bands allocated to radio-astronomy, spatial research, remote sensing, radio navigation. They show that the site environment does not suffer from strong electromagnetic fields able to create non linearity in the relevant frequency band. Calculated to the antenna level, electric fields are weak compared to standard limit values legal in France and in the European Union.

08:40 F01.3 JOINT ANALYSIS OF RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE FROM SMOS MEASUREMENTS AND FROM AIRBORNE OBSERVATIONS

M. Aksoy, J. Park, J. T. Johnson, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States

The Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission has been providing L-band brigthness temperatures since November 2009. However, SMOS has been affected by significant levels of radio frequency interference. Since SMOS has a single frequency channel and low time resolution, RFI mitigation is a challenging problem especially for low level RFI. In this paper, possible RFI detection strategies using SMOS full polarimetric data are discussed by utilizing an airborne campaign called SMAPVEX08. The results suggest that polarimetry can be used as an indication of some RFI sources although it may not reflect RFI characteristics in general.

09:00 F01.4 CHARACTERIZATION OF RADAR TARGETS BASED ON ULTRA WIDEBAND POLARIMETRIC TRANSIENT SIGNATURES

H.-S. Lui, M. Persson, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden

Resonance based target recognition has been well studied for the last three decades. The purely target dependent natural resonant frequencies are used as a feature set for target classification. Such technique may fail if the targets of interest have similar or almost the same resonant frequencies. In this paper, the idea of using the polarimetric features at the resonant frequencies is investigated and demonstrated via numerical examples.

09:20 Tea/Coffee Break

09:40 F01.5 GLOBAL MAPPING OF RAINFALL FROM TRMM RADAR LINKING GROUND BASED RADARS AND IN-SITU OBSERVATIONS

V. Chandrasekar^1,2, A. Alquda³;  ¹Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States; ²Finnish Meteorological Institute, Finland, Finland; ³Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan

Tropical Rainfall measuring Mission Precipitation Radar is known to be the first spaceborne observation platform for mapping precipitation over the tropics. TRMM measured rainfall is important in order to study the precipitation distribution. Ground validation is a critical important component in TRMM system. However, the ground sensing systems have different sampling and observation characteristics from TRMM. In this paper a novel hybrid Neural Network model is presented to train ground radars for rainfall estimation using rain gauge data and subsequently using the trained ground radar rainfall estimation to train TRMM PR based Neural networks, to create Global maps of precipitation.

10:00 F01.6 COMPACT SUB MILLIMETER WAVELENGTH HETERODYNE RADIOMETER FOR ARRAYS

J. Treuttel, A. Maestrini, Observatory of Paris, Paris, France;  B. Alderman, H. Wang, H. Sanghera, D. Matheson, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK;  P. DeMaagt, European Space Agency, Noordwijk, Netherland  

We present a very compact frontend radiometer at 300-360 GHz, which requires a local oscillator power at 60 GHz. A single receiver element is developed to fit n x m element 2D focal plane array, where n and m > 2. This element array is packaged in a block with a cuboid outline. The attractiveness of this configuration is that the input/output of the receiver are contained within the footprint of the antenna, therefore a full two-dimensional array is possible.

10:20 F01.7 REFLECTION ON CURVED SURFACES IN A 2.5D RAY-TRACING METHOD FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES EXPOSURE PREDICTION IN URBAN AREAS

N. Noe, CSTB, Nantes, France;  F. Gaudaire, CSTB, Grenoble, France  

Asymptotic methods are commonly used to predict exposure to electromagnetic waves in large environments such as urban areas. Specifically 2D beam-tracing is a very efficient solution in case of GIS 2.5D environments. Nevertheless taking into account reflection on curved vertical walls or curved ground in such methods is not straightforward. Indeed curved surfaces are mostly described as meshes and lead to artificial shadowing and inaccurate electric field estimation. We explain here how to avoid such problems without modifying existing geometry by using normal interpolation in a generalized beam-tracing technique, and present results for some real cases.

10:40 End of the Session

G01 – Open Session and Latest Results I

Session Chairs: Paul Cannon, Michael Rietveld

Session G01

Type Oral Presentation

Schedule Monday, August 15, 08:00-10:40

Room Topkapi A

08:00 G01.1 HOW IS THE IONOSPHERE DRIVEN BY THE MAGNETOSPHERE?

P. Song¹, V. M. Vasyliunas^1,2;  ¹University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, United States; ²Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany

In the ionospheric community, the electric field is often considered the driver of the ionospheric motion. We demonstrates from theoretical points of view that the electric field cannot be the driver of the motion. Instead, the electric field is a result, not the cause, of the motion. The causal relationship can be clearly understood in particular in dynamic processes and in heating processes. We call for a review and correction of the misused concept of electric field being a driver of motion and in particular the incorrect concept of penetration electric field.

08:20 G01.2 MULTI-INSTRUMENT OBSERVATIONS OF AN MSTID OVER ARECIBO OBSERVATORY

J. H. Klenzing, I. Seker, R. F. Pfaff, D. E. Rowland, S. F. Fung, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States;  J. D. Mathews, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States  

The Penn State All-Sky Imager (PSASI) at Arecibo Observatory provides planar horizontal context to the vertical ionospheric profiles obtained by the Incoherent Scatter Radar (ISR). Electric field measurements from the Communication/Navigation Outage Forecast System (C/NOFS) satellite are mapped down geomagnetic field lines to the height of the airglow layer, allowing multi-instrument studies of field-aligned irregularities with radar, imager, and satellite. A Medium-Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbance (MSTID) was observed during such a conjunction near the December solstice of 2009.

08:40 G01.3 EQUATORIAL COUNTER ELECTROJETS:- AN INVESTIGATION USING THE GROUND BASED OPTICAL AND RADIO PROBING TECHNIQUES.

V. Chandrasekharan Nair, T. K. Pant, K. K. Kumar, Space Physics Laboratory, Trivandrum, Kerala, India

This study presents the behavior of daytime zonal wind and OH temperature at upper mesospheric altitudes during afternoon Equatorial Counter Electrojet (CEJ) events over a dip equatorial station, Trivandrum (8.5oN, 76.5oE, 0.5oN dip lat.) in India. The measurements were carried out using a unique Multiwavelength Dayglow Photometer (MWDPM), Meteor Wind Radar and Proton Precession Magnetometers. It is observed that during the CEJ events: (i) zonal wind at 98 km exhibits an eastward acceleration and (ii) the mesopause undergoes a cooling, which in turn is proportional to the strength of CEJ. The paper discusses these results in detail.

09:00 G01.4 LONG-DISTANCE PROPAGATION EFFECTS IN THE HF SIGNALS FROM DIFFERENT HEATING FACILITIES OBSERVED WITH USING PASSIVE DOPPLER SOUNDING EQUIPMENT AT IRKUTSK

O. I. Berngardt¹, V. G. Abramov¹, N. F. Blagoveschenskaya², V. L. Frolov³, V. I. Kurkin¹, S. N. Ponomarchuk¹;  ¹Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics SB RAS, Irkutsk, Russian Federation; ²Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, St.Petersburg, Russian Federation; ³Radiophysical Research Institute (NIRFI), N.Novgorod, Russian Federation

We present the first observation results of long-distance propagation effects of short radio waves at pump frequency, observed by passive Doppler sounding equipment at Irkutsk during heating facilities operation. We demonstrate two effects: dependence of the received signal amplitude on the propagation path during power-stepping mode and difference between experimental observations and propagation expectations according to our model.

09:20 Tea/Coffee Break

09:40 G01.5 VARIATIONAL METHODS IN IONOSPHERIC RAY TRACING

C. J. Coleman, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia

Ray tracing is an important tool in the study of radio wave propagation. In particular, numerical solutions to the Haselgrove ray equations have proven to be one of the most useful techniques for ray tracing in the ionosphere. Haselgrove equations are differential equations that are derived from Fermats principle which also provides a variational equation for ray tracing. The present paper will discuss the problems of directly solving Fermats principle and describe some recent work that has led to a successful variational approach to ionospheric ray tracing with magneto-ionic effects included.

10:00 G01.6 USE OF A DRM MODULATION TO STUDY THE IONOSPHERE

H. Sizun, URSI-France, Lannion, France;  P. Maliet, Pleumeur Bodou Radio Observation Association, Pleumeur Bodou, France  

The aim of this article is to introduce a technology of investigation of the ionosphere based on reception of a numerical broadcasting fixed link at 6.085 MHz using the DRM (Digital Radio Mondiale) modulation properties as an opportunistic ionospheric sounder. The analysis used tools are Dream and SpectrumLab software. Observations are accomplished at the same time in narrow band (2Hz) and in wide band (10 kHz). They are presented by dopplergram. Different ionospheric characteristic events are observed in narrow band (typical figures, scattering, absorption, gravity waves) and in large band (selective fading, scattering, absorption). Different typical examples are presented.

10:20 G01.7 THE EFFECT OF IONOSPHERIC SCINTILLATION ON PHASE GRADIENT AUTOFOCUS PROCESSING OF SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR

D. L. Knepp, NorthWest Research Associates, Monterey CA, United States;  G. M. Keith, Air Force Research Laboratory, Boston MA, United States  

This paper considers the effects of scintillation (variations in amplitude and phase) on a narrow band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) that utilizes the phase-gradient autofocus (PGA) method that attempts to compensate for the effects of phase errors across the synthetic aperture. The multiple phase screen (MPS) technique is used to model the effects of amplitude and phase scintillation for a spotlight-mode SAR operating in the equatorial region. Examples are presented of the performance of SAR/PGA for values of the decorrelation distance and scintillation index that represent natural ionospheric scintillation at UHF.

10:40 End of the Session

H01 – Nonlinear Waves and Turbulence in Plasmas

Session Chairs: Meers Oppenheim, Hideyuki Usui, David Shklyar

Session H01

Type Oral Presentation

Schedule Monday, August 15, 08:00-10:40

Room Topkapi B

08:00 H01.1 SAID-RELATED NONLINEAR WAVE EFFECTS

E. Mishin, Air Force Research Laboratory, Space vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA, United States

We present recent observations from the Cluster spacecraft that have shown that excitation of lower hybrid/fast magnetosonic waves plays the fundamental role in SAID formation. The SAID channel is a turbulent plasmaspheric boundary layer formed via a short circuit of substorm-injected plasma jets. Nonlinear wave-particle interactions provide fast magnetic diffusion at the leading front and define the circuit's anomalous resistivity, similar to the well-documented plasmoid-magnetic barrier problem. Mainly gradient-drift and current-driven instabilities operate near the outer boundary of the SAID channel, while anisotropic ion-driven processes dominate near the inner boundary.

08:20 H01.2 SOLITON MODEL FOR BROADBAND ELECTROSTATIC NOISE

S. Singh, G. S. Lakhina, A. P. Kakad, Indian Institute of Geomagnetism, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India;  J. S. Pickett, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA  

Generation of broadband electrostatic noise (BEN) in the plasma sheet boundary layer (PSBL) by electron-acoustic solitons and double layers is proposed. PSBL is treated as multi-component magnetized plasma consisting of background electrons, counter-streaming electron beams and ions. Theoretical model is based on multi-fluid and Poisson equations and uses Sagdeev pseudo-potential technique. For PSBL plasma parameters, during BEN event observed by Cluster on 22 September 2004, the model predicts solitons/double layer with electric field (0.01-30) mV/m. The proposed model can be good candidate for explaining the generation of BEN in the PSBL.

08:40 H01.3 ELECTRON ACOUSTIC SOLITONS IN THE PRESENCE OF AN ELECTRON BEAM AND SUPERTHERMAL ELECTRONS

S. Devanandhan, S. V. Singh, G. S. Lakhina, Indian Institute of Geomagnetism, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

Existence of arbitrary amplitude electron acoustic solitons is studied in an unmagnetized plasma having cold electrons and ions, superthermal hot electrons and an electron beam. Using Sagdeev pseudo potential method, theoretical analysis is carried out by assuming superthermal hot electrons having kappa distribution. The results show that inclusion of beam alters the minimum value of spectral index and Mach number for which electron-acoustic solitons can exist. For the auroral region parameters, the maximum electric field amplitudes and soliton widths are found in the range ~ (100-400) mV/m and ~ (314-515) m, respectively.

09:00 H01.4 VLF AND HF PLASMA WAVES ASSOCIATED WITH SPREAD-F PLASMA DEPLETIONS OBSERVED ON THE C/NOFS SATELLITE

R. F. Pfaff, H. Freudenreich, P. Schuck, J. Klenzing, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States

The C/NOFS spacecraft frequently encounters structured plasma depletions associated with equatorial spread-F along its trajectory that varies between 401 km perigee and 867 km apogee in the low latitude ionosphere. We report two classes of plasma waves detected with the Vector Electric Field Investigation (VEFI) in the VLF and HF frequency regimes that appear when the plasma frequency is less than the electron gyro frequency, as is common in spread-F depletions where the plasma number density typically decreases below 104/cm3.

09:20 Tea/Coffee Break

09:40 H01.5 3D SIMULATIONS OF FARLEY-BUNEMAN TURBULENCE DEMONSTRATES ANOMALOUS ELECTRON HEATING

M. M. Oppenheim, Y. S. Dimant, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States

Field aligned currents flow from the magnetosphere to the E-region ionosphere where they drive the intense currents of the auroral electrojet. These currents often cause Farley-Buneman (FB) instabilities to develop and become turbulent. The resulting electron density irregularities affect ionospheric conductivity, temperatures, and radio wave propagation. We will discuss 3-D PIC simulations showing intense anomalous electron heating due to turbulence, a phenomena clearly observed by radars. These simulations also show the saturated amplitude of the waves; coupling between modes; the evolution from by shorter to longer wavelengths; and dominant phase velocities at close to the acoustic speed.

10:00 H01.6 NONLINEAR, INTERMITTENT E-REGION IRREGULARITIES: WHAT DO WE REALLY KNOW?

A. M. Hamza, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada

One of the most fundamental challenges of ionospheric physics is to explain why the largest amplitude structures tend to move at phase speeds that do not exceed on average the linear theory threshold? To provide a solution one has to rely on nonlinear theory in order to study the development and evolution of nonlinear ionospheric structures. We propose to study the development and evolution of nonlinear, large-amplitude, intermittent E-region plasma structures. We will set up the analytical model, and compare the predictions of the model to ionospheric E-region experimental observations.

10:20 H01.7 TOWARDS A POSSIBLE RESOLUTION OF THE 150-KM RIDDLE

E. Kudeki, University of Illinois and Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States;  J. L. Chau, R. F. Woodman, Radio Observatorio de Jicamarca, Lima, Peru  

High-resolution incoherent scatter radar Faraday rotation and digital ionosonde data from Jicamarca indicating the presence of km-scale electron density variations in the equatorial upper E-region will be presented and discussed in relation to the generation mechanisms of meter-scale field-aligned density fluctuations known as 150-km irregularities. The km-scale density variations are likely to be a consequence of gravity-wave imposed dynamics of the geomagnetically constrained plasma in the region. This conjecture is supported by the gravity-wave-period oscillations and downward phase progression of intensity variations of meter-scale waves observed in the region.

10:40 End of the Session

J01 – Low Frequency Radio Astronomy I – (LOFAR, LWA, MWA, GMRT, any other)

Session Chairs: Colin Lonsdale, Mike Garrett

Session J01

Type Oral Presentation

Schedule Monday, August 15, 08:00-10:40

Room Marmara

08:00 J01.1 LONG WAVELENGTH RADIO SCIENCE: INSPIRATIONS FROM ASTRONOMY

R. Subrahmanyan, Raman Research Institute, Bangalore, India

The last decade has been witness to precision cosmology via measurements of the cosmic microwave background. More recently, the window of exploration and discovery in radio astronomy has moved to long wavelengths where solutions to frontier problems in many areas of astrophysics have vital clues. A key science is the detection of trace spatial and spectral signatures in the sky brightness at long wavelengths arising from events at the cosmic dawn that are associated with the formation of first stars and galaxies and their impact on the gas. I review astrophysics that inspires innovation in long wavelength radio science.

08:20 J01.2 CALIBRATION CHALLENGES FOR LOW FREQUENCY RADIO ASTRONOMY

W. D. Cotton, National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, VA, United Statesj

A major challenge for all high resolution low frequency radio astronomy is measuring and removing the effects of the ionosphere. The isoplanatic patch size for frequencies below a few hundred MHz is generally much smaller than the field of view. In addition, aperture arrays have beams on the sky which vary dramatically with observing geometry. These beams require careful calibration to be stable and known in order to allow imaging. Various approaches to these problems will be discussed.

08:40 J01.3 SITE REQUIREMENTS AND CHALLENGES FOR LOW FREQUENCY RADIO OBSERVATIONS

R. P. Millenaar, SPDO, Manchester, United Kingdom

Observing the early universe, in particular detecting the signature of the EOR is an important science target for the SKA and other new radio telescopes. These high redshift observations require excellent performance at low frequencies, as low as 50 MHz. Observations will be carried out in a crowded part of the radio spectrum, even at the very radio-quiet sites that are considered. Propagation of RFI at these frequencies can be highly variable and the influence of the ionosphere on propagation is felt strongly in this frequency range. An overview of issues and challenges is presented.

09:00 J01.4 WIDEBAND LOW FREQUENCY ANTENNAS FOR RADIO ASTRONOMY ARRAYS

A. E. E. Rogers, E. Kratzenberg, B. E. Corey, C. J. Lonsdale, MIT Haystack Observatory, Westford, MA, United States;  C. L. Williams, MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States;  J. D. Bowman, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States  

Antennas in the frequency range 10 to 300 MHz are being designed with all-sky coverage, a low response at the horizon to minimize interference from terrestrial sources, negligible ground loss and a good low noise match to the low noise amplifier. Other features include low cost, dual polarization and good performance over more than an octave bandwidth. Extending the antenna performance over a wider frequency range and accurate calibration are remaining challenges. Modeling of the antenna and its associated low noise amplifier shows promise as a method of improving calibration accuracy.

09:20 Tea/Coffee Break

09:40 J01.5 LOFAR: A POWERFUL AND FLEXIBLE OBSERVATORY FOR PULSARS AND FAST TRANSIENTS

J. W. T. Hessels, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON), Dwingeloo, Netherlands;  B. W. Stappers, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom  

LOFAR is a sparse aperture array radio telescope that can observe from 10-240MHz - i.e. the lowest radio frequencies observable from Earth. Construction of the LOFAR core is all but complete and regular observations of pulsars and other rapidly varying radio sources have begun. With it's huge field-of-view, flexible multi-beaming capabilities, and large collecting area, LOFAR promises to revolutionize observations of transient radio phenomena with durations of nanoseconds to years. Here we highlight a few of the most recent LOFAR pulsar observations, which demonstrate that the system is already producing science-quality data.

10:00 J01.6 THE LOFAR MAGNETISM KEY SCIENCE PROJECT

A. M. M. Scaife¹, R. Beck², G. Heald³, J. M. Anderson², W. Reich², A. G. de Bruyn³;  ¹Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Dublin, Ireland; ²Max Planck Institut fuer Radioastronomie, Bonn, Germany; ³ASTRON, Dwingeloo, Netherlands

The low frequencies observed by the LOFAR telescope make it a unique probe of weak magnetic fields in the Universe. I will describe the LOFAR Magnetism Key Science Project (MKSP) and give an overview of some of the key science drivers which motivate this KSP. I will describe the observational techniques being utilised to recover polarization and magnetism information with LOFAR and show some of the early results from the KSP commissioning.

10:20 J01.7 DETECTING THE EOR WITH LOFAR: STEPS ALONG THE ROAD

A. G. de Bruyn^1,2, M. A. Brentjens¹, L. V. E. Koopmans², S. Zaroubi², P. Lampropoulos^1,2, S. B. Yatawatta^1,2;  ¹ASTRON, Dwingeloo, Netherlands; ²Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, Groningen, Netherlands

In December 2010 we started observations with a partially completed LOFAR, to prepare ourselves for the calibration and processing of deep (hundreds of hours) integrations in a number of Galactic halo windows. These observations are aimed at detecting the redshifted 21cm signals from the Epoch of Reionization using the LOFAR HBA antennas (115-190 MHz, z=11.4 6.3). Two fields have been observed for about a dozen nights in the Spring of 2011. The data have been mostly processed on a dedicated EoR-project cluster. Some results and first conclusions from the analysis of these data is presented.

10:40 End of the Session

K01 – Interaction between EMF and Biosystems: Molecular Modeling and Ultra Short Pulses Biological Effects

Session Chairs: Lluis Mir, P. Thomas Vernier

Session K01

Type Oral Presentation

Schedule Monday, August 15, 08:00-10:40

Room Loft

08:00 K01.1 MODELING ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD EFFECTS IN A BIOCHEMICAL REACTION: UNDERSTANDING REACTIVITY INHIBITION DUE TO THE MAGNETIC FIELD

A. Amadei, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy;  L. Zanetti, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy;  F. Apollonio, M. Liberti, P. Marracino, G. d'Inzeo, University Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy  

In this work we have used MD simulations combined with quantum mechanical calculations to model the spin state relaxation of a common biochemical reaction utilized for an experimental study on magnetic field effects. Data clearly show that a 0.2T static magnetic field strongly inhibits the spin relaxation process avoiding the 1 triplet to singlet state transitions. Such a result sheds light on the atomistic mechanism of the magnetic field effects and opens the way to further investigations possibly leading to a detailed description of the complex biochemical-biophysical processes involved in the interaction between EM-fields and biomolecular systems.

08:20 K01.2 THE ROLE OF WATER NEAR CHARGED INTERFACES: MOLECULAR DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES IN PRESENCE OF HIGH INTENSE ELECTRIC FIELDS

F. Apollonio¹, P. Marracino¹, V. Di Mattia¹, M. Liberti¹, A. Amadei², G. d'Inzeo¹;  ¹University Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy; ²University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy

Because of its central role in basically all aspects of science, water is certainly one of the most extensively investigated substances. Moreover, the characterization of liquids and solutions under the effect of external electric fields is a long standing and challenging field of investigation for both theoretical and experimental approaches. In this work the behavior of water near charged interfaces has been evaluated considering two different cases: an ion in aqueous solution and a macromolecule of DNA. The methodology used is based on atomistic simulations, specifically adapted to account for the presence of exogenous electric fields.

08:40 K01.3 STRUCTURE AND ELECTROPORATION OF LIPID BILAYERS: A MOLECULAR DYNAMICS STUDY

R. Reigada, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain;  M. L. Fernandez, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina  

Pore formation in lipid bilayers subjected to a transverse electric field is studied by means of Molecular Dynamics simulations of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DOPC). The physical characteristics of the lipid membrane are crucial to understand the electroporation conditions. For example, addition of cholesterol (Chol) causes a substantial increment of membrane cohesion that results in an increase of the minimum electric field needed for membrane permeabilization. Instead, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is known to produce an opposite effect on membrane properties by increasing its fluidity and disorder that may open the possibility to facilitate the membrane electroporation process.

09:00 K01.4 NANOSECOND (GIGAHERTZ) AND MICROSECOND (MEGAHERTZ) PULSED ELECTRIC FIELD INTERACTIONS WITH CELL MEMBRANES

P. T. Vernier, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States

High-intensity nanosecond pulsed electric fields permeabilize cell membranes, restructure phospholipid bilayers, cause intracellular calcium release, depolarize mitochondrial membranes, and induce apoptosis. Molecular simulations reveal the mechanism for the electric field-driven reorganization of phospholipid head groups and water molecules that results in the formation of membrane-spanning water bridges and conductive pores. Progress has been made in taking nanosecond electric pulses to the clinic for the treatment of skin cancers and other lesions, but a deeper understanding of the underlying biophysical phenomena will facilitate the application of this technology in cancer therapeutics through non-thermal, minimally scarring tumor ablation.

09:20 Tea/Coffee Break

09:40 K01.5 EXPOSURE OF CELLS IN SUSPENSION USING NANOSECOND DURATION ELECTRIC PULSES - DETECTION OF PERMEABILISATION BY CLONING EFFICIENCY TESTS: RESULTS AND ARTIFACTS.

A. Silve, L. M. Mir, CNRS UMR 8203, Villejuif, France

Intense (several MV/m) nanosecond duration electric pulses can induce damages on cells external membrane which can be detected by direct cell killing or by the uptake of non permeant molecules. We detail here the methodology to carry out those experiments, drawing the attention to exposure artifacts that demonstrate the importance of the implementation of a metrology specific to the ultrashort pulses.

10:00 K01.6 AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF TEMPERATURE CHANGES DURING ELECTROPORATION

P. A. Garcia, R. E. Neal II, M. B. Sano, R. V. Davalos, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States

Electroporation uses short, pulsed electric fields to induce a cellular transmembrane potential that results in increased cellular permeability. When performed irreversibly, it results in cell death while leaving the extracellular matrix and other sensitive structures intact. These electric fields result in thermal effects to the affected tissues due to resistive heating. We measure this heating extent in an ex-vivo canine brain by recording temperature changes in real time. Temperatures were measured at three locations near the electrodes. Thermal damage was evaluated using the Arrhenius equation. This study experimentally shows that typical electroporation protocols result in negligible thermal damage.

10:20 K01.7 ELECTROCHEMOTHERAPY

L. M. Mir, CNRS, Villejuif, France

Electrochemotherapy is a new antitumor strategy based on the delivery of short (100 microseconds) electric pulses and non-permeant anticancer drugs such as bleomycin. The electric pulses, which must cover the whole of the tumor volume, make permeable the cell membrane and allow the unrestricted penetration of the drug. Electrochemotherapy is a safe, very efficient and cost-effective treatment which is spreading in the EU for the treatment of cutaneous and subcutaneous lesions of any histological origin. The bases, indications and present clinical trials, targeting internal and deep-seated tumors, will be reported.

10:40 End of the Session

BT – Passive and Active Metamaterial Constructs and Their Impact on Electrically Small Radiating and Scattering Systems

Session Chair: Karl Langenberg

Session BT

Type Oral Presentation

Schedule Monday, August 15, 09:40-10:40

Room Anadolu Auditorium

09:40 BT.1 PASSIVE AND ACTIVE METAMATERIAL CONSTRUCTS AND THEIR IMPACT ON ELECTRICALLY SMALL RADIATING AND SCATTERING SYSTEMS

R. W. Ziolkowski, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States

In the last decade, the metamaterials field has enabled numerous exciting electromagnetic advances. Exotic physics properties have led to the engineering of metamaterials and metamaterial-inspired structures for a variety of applications, including the miniaturization of resonators and their use for improving the performance characteristics of electrically small antennas and optical scatterers. Active metamaterial constructs have been introduced to increase the bandwidths at low frequencies and to overcome losses at high frequencies. The theoretical designs of many of these highly subwavelength systems and their simulated performance characteristics have been confirmed experimentally. These concurrences between theory and experiment will be highlighted.

10:40 End of the Session

General Lecture 1

Session Chair: Madhu Chandra

Session GL1

Type Oral Presentation

Schedule Monday, August 15, 11:00-12:00

Room Anadolu Auditorium

11:00 GL1.1 SMOS: FROM REQUIREMENTS TO RESULTS VIA RADIO SCIENCE

Y. Kerr, CESBIO, Toulouse, France

It is well established that data on soil moisture and sea surface salinity are required to improve meteorological and climatic predictions. These two quantities are not yet available globally or with adequate temporal sampling. It is within this framework that the European Space Agency (ESA) selected the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission as its second Earth Explorer Opportunity Mission. SMOS is a very novel instrument and is based on a passive microwave interferometer (as in radioastronomy) operating at L band (1.4 GHz) Since the 2nd of November, 2009, date of its launch, SMOS observations have provided an unprecedented maximum spatial resolution of 50 km at L-band over land, together with multi-angular fully polarized brightness temperatures over the globe. SMOS has a revisit time of less than 3 days which permits the retrieval of soil moisture and ocean salinity data in accordance to the mission’s science objectives. Now, after the commissioning phase and more than one year of operations, SMOS is entering the phase in which the retrieval algorithms stabilises and new applications can be derived from the SMOS data over land, all leading logically to a better management of water resources. Currently, the main applications tackled are flood monitoring and risks forecasting, drought monitoring and potential forecasting with associated fire risks. Using some specific sites, we are also considering applications in terms of water management (i.e., irrigation monitoring) as well as ways to disaggregate SMOS data into finer scales. However, the SMOS data is hampered by radio-frequency interferences (RFI), and the whole team is working to deal with this issue. During the presentation, an update of the SMOS mission and results will be presented together with new results and a glimpse of those potential applications. We will also depict the RFI issue as well as other similar missions to be launched (Aquarius and SMAP).

12:00 End of the Session

A02 – Fractals - Design and Measurement

Session Chair: William Davis

Session A02

Type Oral Presentation

Schedule Monday, August 15, 13:40-15:40

Room Dolmabahçe C

13:40 A02.1 HILBERT CURVE FRACTAL ANTENNA FOR WLAN APPLICATION

R. M. Haridas, J. Chandwani, P. Musale, S. V. Khobragade, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technolgogical University Lonere, Raigad, Mangaon, India;  V. R. Anitha, Sree Vidyaniketan College of Engineering Tirupati, Tirupati, India  

In this paper we propose the fractal antenna using Hilbert Curve. The purpose of this paper is to design the Hilbert curve fractal antenna WLAN application at 5GHz frequency. Theoretical performance of this antenna has been calculated and presented in the paper. Simulation results show that the antenna have multiband resonate behavior. The results have shown that this antenna has acceptable performance that is VSWR ≤ 2 and return loss ≤ -10dB. This feature provides antenna designer with more degree of freedom and makes the proposed antenna suitable for use in modern multifunction communication system.

14:00 A02.2 STUDY OF SIERPINSKI CARPET FRACTAL ANTENNA

A. A. Pawar, A. A. Jadhav, J. Bhosale, S. V. Khobragade, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University,Lonere, Maharashtra, India;  V. R. Anitha, Sree Vidyaniketan College of Engineering Tirupati, Tirupati, India  

In the today‟s world of communication, low cost of fabrication and low profile features of microstrip antennas, attract many researchers to investigate the performance of this antenna . Carpet antenna is new member in the antenna family. They have peculiar properties that make them suitable for applications where wideband, multiband and frequency independence are important parameters of the overall performance. Fractal technology allowed us to design miniature antennas and integrate multiple telecommunication services into a single device. The design of carpet antenna with multiple bands for the services viz. WLAN, satellite and Laser communications is studied in this paper.

14:20 A02.3 TRIPLE BAND FRACTAL UWB ANTENNA USING U AND C SLOT FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

S. S. Rudrawar, D. B. Khandgaonkar, J. Bhosale, S. V. Khobragade, Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University,lonere-Raigad, Maharashtra, India;  V. R. Anitha, Sree Vidyaniketan College of Engineering Tirupati, Maharashtra, India  

Fractal UWB antenna with triple band for wireless communication system is designed. U slot is inserted in the original patch to generate second resonant at 5.0 (GHz). Another C-slot is inserted to generate 5.7 (GHz) third band. This system may include various application such as GPS, wireless local-area network (WLAN) and Hiper LAN. Four iterations of fractal wide band antenna are arranged and examined. With this structure the designed antenna has operating frequency of 1.8-GHz,5.0-GHz and 5.7GHz with acceptable bandwidth of 80%,30%,3% and S11<-10dB (VSWR<2).

14:40 A02.4 PROXIMITY-COUPLED NOVEL DESIGN OF FRACTAL TREE ANTENNA MINIATURIZATION

J. S. Bhosale, S. V. Khobragade, V. R. Anitha, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University, Lonere, Maharashtra, India

In this paper, for more antenna miniaturization, we present Novel fractal tree geometry that allows decrease in resonance frequency without occupying more space. For improving inherently narrow bandwidth of Fractal antenna Proximity-coupled feed is implemented. Proposed Fractal Tree antenna is designed for 2.4 GHz, 3.6 GHz. The -10 dB return loss bandwidth could reach about 9.5% for 2.4 GHz band and 31.5% for 3.6 GHz band, which meet required bandwidth specification of 2.4/3.6 GHz WLAN standard. Radiation pattern of fractal antenna is nearly omnidirectional in azimuth plane throughout operating frequency.

15:00 A02.5 STUDY OF SIERPINSKI TRIANGLE GASKET BY USING STRIP FEEDING

A. Lale, B. Khiste, G. Burshe, S. Khobragade, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University,Lonere, Maharashtra, India;  V. R. Anitha, Sree Vidyaniketan College of Engineering Tirupati, Tirupati, India  

A Sierpinski triangle gasket antenna are developed to achieve a suitable bandwidth for wireless communication This triangle gasket, having size of 4.732cm 4.732cm 4.732cm which are an equilateral triangle used low dielectric constant substrates with strip feeds to achieve the required bandwidth. Four such strip feeds iterations are used to achieve bandwidth with return loss<-10dB, VSWR<2 One advantage observed here at low frequencies the triangle gives good radiation pattern The antenna has been designed for operation at WLAN/WiMAX (2.4GHz) and WiMAX (3.5GHz) and also in RADAR for ultra-wide bandwidth applications.

15:20 A02.6 STUDY OF KOCH MONOPOLE FRACTAL ANTENNA

N. Sable, S. D. Gharat, J. Bhosale, S. V. Khobragade, Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University,lonere-Raigad, Maharashtra, India;  V. R. Anitha, Sree Vidyaniketan College of Engineering Tirupati, Tirupati, India  

In this work, the design of Koch monopole fractal antenna to be used in wireless communications at the ISM frequency band is presented. Antenna's shape and dimensions are optimized to achieve area minimization, by applying the properties of fractal shapes at the radiating slots. The property of self-similarity that fractal shapes possess has been successfully applied in other types of antennas with great success. The effects of fractal miniaturization in this type of antennas, mainly regarding the radiation pattern, the antenna efficiency, and applicability of fractal shapes in design of antenna for wireless communication systems are presented herein.

15:40 End of the Session

BD1 – Metamaterial Theory

Session Chairs: Richard Ziolkowski, Nader Engheta, Christophe Caloz

Session BD1

Type Oral Presentation

Schedule Monday, August 15, 13:40-17:20

Room Anadolu Auditorium

13:40 BD1.1 A GENERAL MACROSCOPIC ANISOTROPIC REPRESENTATION FOR SPATIALLY DISPERSIVE MEDIA

A. D. Yaghjian, 115 Wright Road, Concord, MA 01742, United States;  R. A. Shore, Hanscom AFB, Bedford, MA 01731, United States;  A. Alu, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78705, United States  

It is shown that any spatially and temporally dispersive bianisotropic material, satisfying Maxwell's macroscopic equations for E and H in the Fourier transformed space, can also be represented as an anisotropic material. Thus, for many applications, magnetoelectric constitutive parameters can be avoided at the macroscopic level.

14:00 BD1.2 CONSTRAINTS ON THE TEMPORAL DISPERSION OF PASSIVE METAMATERIALS

M. Gustafsson, D. Sjoberg, Lund University, Lund, Sweden

Metamaterial applications such as cloaking, perfect lenses, and artificial permeability are restricted by the frequency dependence of the permittivity, permeability, and index of refraction. Here, causality and passivity together with integral identities for Herglotz functions are used to construct sum rules. The sum rules relate the frequency dependence of the material parameters with their high- and low-frequency values. The corresponding physical bounds determine the minimum variations of the material parameters over a frequency interval. The results are illustrated with a numerical example for artificial permeability.

14:20 BD1.3 METADISPERSION IN ANISOTROPIC AND BIANISOTROPIC MEDIA

G. M. Sardi, F. Caminita, E. Martini, S. Maci, University of Siena, Siena, Italy

This work presents an innovative method for the characterization of metamaterials dispersion. The attention is focused on structures realized by stacks of planar periodic surfaces. The analysis procedure subdivides the metamaterial into its constituent planes, performing a full wave analysis of the single periodic structures, and uses analytic formulas from Bloch theory to determine the dispersion characteristics of the overall artificial medium. Physical properties of the equivalent admittance matrix modeling the single planar sheets are exploited to analytically describe the dispersion properties of the metamaterial in the whole first Brillouin zone, starting from a limited number of full-wave simulations.

14:40 BD1.4 AN EFFICIENT NUMERICAL APPROACH TO THE ACCURATE ANALYSIS OF PROPAGATION AND RADIATION PHENOMENA IN METAMATERIAL STRUCTURES

G. Valerio¹, D. R. Jackson², D. R. Wilton², A. Galli¹;  ¹Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; ²University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA

An overview is presented of a novel implementation for the efficient analysis of metamaterial structures embedded in layered media. Based on a suitable mixed-potential integral-equation formulation, ad hoc acceleration procedures for the periodic potentials (expressed through slowly-convergent series when source and observation points lie in the same horizontal plane) have been developed. The approach consists of an asymptotic extraction of homogeneous-medium terms. Numerical results are shown, proving the computational efficiency of this method and validating different types of propagation and radiation features in metamaterial structures. Comparisons are performed with commercial software and data from the literature.

15:00 BD1.5 AN APPROACH TO FINDING THE CORRECT BRANCH FROM THE FOREST OF POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS FOR EXTRACTED EFFECTIVE MATERIAL PARAMETERS

O. Luukkonen¹, S. I. Maslovski², S. A. Tretyakov¹;  ¹Aalto University, Espoo, Finland; ²Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal

In the classical Nicolson-Ross-Weir (NRW) electromagnetic material parameter extraction technique the effective material parameters are obtained through reflection and transmission measurements of a planar material sample. One of the advantages of this technique is that it provides the result over a broad frequency band with just one measurement. This technique, however, does not provide us unambiguous results of the effective permittivity and permeability but the correct solution needs to be found through an additional deduction process. We present a derivative of the NRW extraction technique that can overcome this problem related to the infinitely many solution branches.

15:20 BD1.6 TRANSFORMATION ELECTROMAGNETICS IN ANTENNA ENGINEERING: THEORY AND IMPLEMENTATION

Y. Hao, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom

Current designs of electromagnetic cloaks are largely based on the use of metamaterials and a technique called transformation optics/electromagnetics. Free space cloaks require materials with extreme properties and, hence, they are difficult to implement in practice. However, the theory of transformation optics/electromagnetics offers a useful design tool for antenna engineers, and enables them to develop novel antennas. In this paper, we will review some research activities at Queen Mary, University of London, regarding applications of transformation electromagnetics in the antenna and microwave engineering. Design examples such as flat reflectors, lenses and sub-wavelength antennas will be introduced.

15:40 Tea/Coffee Break

16:00 BD1.7 TRANSMISSION LINE BASED METAMATERIALS FOR ACOUSTIC WAVES

F. Bongard, JAST SA, Antenna Systems, Lausanne, Switzerland;  H. Lissek, J. R. Mosig, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland  

We present our recent work on a one-dimensional acoustic negative refractive index metamaterial based on the concept of dual transmission line extensively investigated in microwave engineering. The proposed structure consists of an acoustic waveguide periodically loaded with membranes realizing the function of series capacitances and transversally connected open channels realizing shunt inductances. It exhibits a negative refractive index band over almost one octave, from 0.6 to 1 kHz. Using formal analogies, we describe how simple acoustic circuit models can be used for efficient design of metamaterials both in terms of dispersion and impedance.

16:20 BD1.8 CHIRALITY AND BIANISOTROPY EFFECTS IN PLASMONIC METASURFACES AND THEIR APPLICATION TO REALIZE ULTRATHIN OPTICAL CIRCULAR POLARIZERS

A. Alu, Y. Zhao, X.-X. Liu, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States

In this paper we develop a rigorous analytical theory relating the effective impedance of plasmonic metasurfaces to a generalized form of polarizability, which compactly describes the electric, magnetic and magneto-electric response of the individual inclusions and the overall array coupling. We apply this theory to the design of plasmonic metasurfaces composed of lithographically printed planar inclusions, showing that their inherent chiral and bianisotropic response may be exploited to produce ultrathin optical circular polarizers. Bianistropic effects, particularly relevant to enhance the response to circularly polarized light, may be maximized in specific incidence planes, as a function of the inclusion symmetries.

16:40 BD1.9 FIELD DISPLACEMENT IN A TRAVELING-WAVE RING RESONATOR META-STRUCTURE

T. Kodera, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan;  D. Sounas, H. V. Nguyen, H. Razavipour, C. Caloz, Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada  

Field displacement is demonstrated for the first-time in a non-molecular scale structure, namely a metastructure composed of rings equipped with an isolator. The structure is explained in terms of rotating magnetic dipole moments and demonstrated to produce typical gyrotropic field displacement.

17:00 BD1.10 FROM ELECTRONICS TO METATRONICS TO GRAPHENE METAMATERIALS

N. Engheta, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States

We discuss the concept of optical metatronics, i.e., metamaterial-inspired optical nanocircuitry, in which the metamaterials and plasmonic optics can bring together three fields of electronics, photonics and magnetics seamlessly under one umbrella--a paradigm which I call the Unified Paradigm of Metatronics. We present an overview of our most recent analytical, numerical and experimental results in developing the optical metatronics. We also show how this concept can be merged into the platform of graphene, leading to the possibility of one-atom-thick infrared metamaterials and transformation optics. Future directions in these topics will also be forecasted.

17:20 End of the Session

C02 – Advanced Architectures of High-Performance Power Amplifiers for Mobile Communications Systems

Session Chairs: Shoichi Narahashi, Nobuyuki Itoh

Session C02

Type Oral Presentation

Schedule Monday, August 15, 13:40-15:40

Room Dolmabahçe A

13:40 C02.1 A CONCURRENT MULTI-BAND POWER AMPLIFIER WITH COMPACT MATCHING NETWORKS

A. Fukuda, H. Okazaki, S. Narahashi, NTT DOCOMO, Inc., Yokosuka, Japan;  T. Nojima, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan  

This paper presents a novel configuration for a concurrent multi-band power amplifier (PA). A multi-band matching network comprises a multi-section impedance transformer that achieves matching in multiple bands. The proposed impedance transformer provides flexibility in the design of a concurrent multi-band PA in a wide frequency range. The impedance transformer is compact since each section comprises a combination of a T-shaped network, a shunt tank circuit, and a matching element. The proposed 1W-class dual-band PA achieves a maximum power added efficiency of greater than 53% at 0.8 GHz and 3.3 GHz.

14:00 C02.2 BURST MODE OPERATION AS AN EFFICIENCY ENHANCEMENT TECHNIQUE FOR RF POWER AMPLIFIERS

B. M. Francois, E. Kaymaksut, P. Reynaert, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

In this paper, the Burst Mode operation is proposed as an efficiency enhancement technique for RF power amplifiers. It presents an introduction of the burst mode operation and the efficiency of Burst Mode RF power amplifiers is summarily analyzed. The efficiency improvement for a wideband load and a narrow band filter are both illustrated. To demonstrate the validity of the proposed Burst Mode operation, a PCB-mounted Burst Mode PA using a LDMOS transistor has been fabricated. Measurements show a peak efficiency of 78\% and 28.5dBm output power and an efficiency of 49.5\% at 6dB power back-off.

14:20 C02.3 ASIC IMPLEMENTATION OF FREQUENCY DOMAIN EQUALIZER FOR SINGLE CARRIER TRANSMISSION

K. Komatsu¹, S. Kameda¹, M. Iwata², S. Tanifuji¹, N. Suematsu¹, T. Takagi¹, K. Tsubouchi¹;  ¹Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan; ²School of Information, Kochi University of Technology, Kami, Kochi, Japan

Since SC-FDE with MMSE operates at lower PAPR than OFDM, SC-FDE with MMSE is a main candidate for uplink of cellular system such as LTE. In this paper, an ASIC chip for the SC-FDE is implemented on TSMC 180 nm CMOS. The chip size is 5.86 mm^2. The power consumption is 200 mW at data rate of 4.86 Mbit/s. In the condition of 16 paths uniform power delay profile, at a BER of 10^-4, the degradation of measured Eb/N0 from computer simulation is found to be less than 1 dB.

14:40 C02.4 A 3.5-GHZ BAND 140-W-CLASS WIDEBAND FEED-FORWARD POWER AMPLIFIER FOR MOBILE BASE STATIONS

Y. Suzuki, J. Ohkawara, S. Narahashi, NTT DOCOMO, INC., Yokosuka, Japan

This paper analyzes the characteristics when compensating for wideband intermodulation distortion (IMD) components of a fabricated 3.5-GHz band 140-W class feed-forward power amplifier (FFPA). The fabricated FFPA achieves the bandwidths of 160 MHz and 120 MHz when compensating for the IMD components for LTE signals with the bandwidths of 5 MHz and 20 MHz. Experimental and analysis results show that the FFPA compensates for the wideband IMD components when the IMD component compensation level is reduced. This paper shows that the FFPA is a worthwhile linearizer that compensates for 3.5-GHz band wideband IMD components.

15:00 C02.5 HAMMERSTEIN PREDISTORTER FOR HIGH POWER RF AMPLIFIERS IN OFDM TRANSMITTERS

T. Sadeghpour¹, H. Karkhaneh², R. Abd-Alhameed¹, A. Ghorbani², I. T. E. Elfergani¹, Y. A. S. Dama¹;  ¹University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom; ²Amirkabir university of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing) is a wideband digital modulation scheme which is critically dependent on linearity in the hardware system, due to its reliance on Fourier Transformation and its inherently high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), and minimization of nonlinearity is thus a priority. In this paper the effectiveness of a predistortion based on the Hammerstein model is investigated by measurement of Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) in AWGN channel and Adjacent Channel Power Ratio (ACPR). Accuracy of prediction of Power amplifier (PA) nonlinearity with memory effect and baseband predistorter is investigated by the experimental results.

15:20 C02.6 ADAPTIVE BIAS LINC ARCHITECTURE FOR WIRELESS TRANSMITTERS

S. Lin, A. E. Fathy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, United States

A novel adaptive bias LInear amplification with Nonlinear Components (LINC) transmitter is introduced and simulated. Where predistortion is applied to the baseband signal; thus the bias of the high efficient power amplifier (PA) is adaptively changed according to the envelop distribution of the modulated baseband signal and the PA itself. This novel transmitter can simultaneously achieve relatively high average efficiency and linearity even with a high peak-to-average (PAR) signal. A comprehensive simulation framework has been developed to validate this adaptive bias scheme with 16, 32, and 64 QAM signals, which have higher than 5 dB PAR levels.

15:40 End of the Session

DB1: Modeling of High Frequency Devices and Circuits

Session Chairs: Peter Russer, Irsadi Aksun

Session DB1

Type Oral Presentation

Schedule Monday, August 15, 13:40-17:20

Room Dolmabahçe B

13:40 DB1.1 VESELAGO-PENDRY SUPERLENS IMAGING MODELED WITH A SPECTRAL WAVEGUIDE APPROACH

R. S. Hegde, Y. L. Hor, Z. Szabo, E. Li, W. J. R. Hoefer, Institute of high performance computing, SINGAPORE, Singapore

A spectral waveguide model of a superlens imaging system is presented. This model offers advantages in the analysis of dynamics and reality effects and in accurate numerical simulation. Insights into the dynamic response of the superlens, gained from both theoretical and numerical studies, are presented. The effect of loss on the dynamic properties is investigated. In addition, the proposed model leverages a wealth of expertise available for the design of filters, artificial dielectrics and backward wave structures and could possibly aid in the engineering of practical super-resolution imaging systems that will be an enabling technology for future nanoelectronics systems.

14:00 DB1.2 LIQUID RF ANTENNAS, ELECTRONICS AND SENSORS: A MODELING CHALLENGE

A. Traille, M. M. Tentzeris, Georgia Tech, Atlanta, United States

In this paper we present a novel approach for the modeling of multi-phase liquid RF electronics and sensors problems. The deployment of level-set based multi-phase simulation could potentially lead to the development of a new generation of computationally efficient approaches that could bridge the gap between Maxwell and solid/liquid-interface equations. Numerous examples of liquid antennas and solid/liquid wireless biosensors will be presented at the conference to verify the accuracy and validity of the above approach in a variety of liquid radio-frequency wearable, implantable and printable topologies.

14:20 DB1.3 SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL MODELING OF FEW-CYCLE TI:SAPPHIRE LASERS

M. Y. Sander¹, L.-J. Chen¹, F. X. Kaertner^1,2;  ¹MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States; ²DESY, Hamburg, Germany

In few-cycle Kerr-lens mode-locked Ti:sapphire lasers, the laser crystal is exposed to extremely high intensities which can induce crystal damage. Modeling of the intracavity pulse dynamics can deepen the understanding of the different phenomena contributing to damage and how to best optimize the laser performance. We present a one-dimensional laser model based on dispersion managed mode-locking that accurately captures the temporal and spectral intracavity dynamics and reproduces the output characteristics in great detail. Furthermore, a spatiotemporal model is introduced that incorporates plasma formation to simulate the spatial beam propagation in agreement with experimental observations.

14:40 DB1.4 ACCURATE PHOTONIC ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERSION

A. Khilo¹, C. M. Sorace¹, J. R. Birge¹, F. X. Kaertner^1,2;  ¹Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States; ²DESY-Center for Free-Electron Laser Science and Hamburg University, Hamburg, Germany

Photonic analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) are attracting significant interest due to promise of overcoming the problem of aperture jitter and improving ADC performance level by orders of magnitude. This work examines several critical factors which define the accuracy of an optically-sampled wavelength-demultiplexed ADC built on a silicon chip using silicon photonic technology. These factors are the optical power-dependent shot noise, optical power-dependent nonlinearities due to two-photon and free-carrier absorption in silicon, and nonlinear transfer function of a silicon modulator. Ways to reduce the impact of these factors on ADC accuracy are considered.

15:00 DB1.5 FAST AND ACCURATE DESIGN METHODOLOGY FOR MILLIMETER-WAVE INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

B. Laemmle¹, K. Schmalz², C. Scheytt², D. Kissinger¹, R. Weigel¹;  ¹Institute for Electronics Engineering, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; ²IHP, Frankfurt (Oder), Germany

In this paper the design of integrated passive and active circuits in silicon by use of rigorous electromagnetic analysis. A broadband directional coupler has been designed with large bandwidth at 110 GHz center frequency and measured from 20 to 140 GHz. The simulation is compared to measurement showing very good agreement. A VCO has been designed at 116 GHz center frequency. The measurement of the center frequency is within 1% of simulation. The design methodology for a 240-GHz power detector also is given showing the design of a L-type matching network.

15:20 DB1.6 SELF-CONSISTENT SIMULATION OF LOCAL POTENTIAL IN EXTERNAL-GATE BIASED GRAPHENE NANORIBBONS

D. Mencarelli, T. Rozzi, L. Pierantoni, Universit Politecnica delle Marche - Ancona -Italy, Ancona, Italy;  F. Coccetti, LAAS-CNRS, Toulouse, France  

We report on the self-consistent analysis of armchair graphene nanoribbon (GNR) field-effect transistors (FET), in the case of multi-band coherent carrier transport. In principle, the same approach can be extended to include the contribution to charge transport due to different layers of a few-layer GNR-FET. To the aim of demonstrating the versatility of our simulation tool, we provide interesting examples about the dependence of charge and self-consistent potential on the gate voltage, for small drain voltages: these include details of numerical convergence of the iterative system of Poisson and Schrӧdinger equations

15:40 Tea/Coffee Break

16:00 DB1.7 AC CONDUCTIVITY OF METALLIC CARBON NANOTUBES (CNTS) EXPOSED TO A DC FIELD

M. Dagher¹, D. Sounas¹, R. Martel², C. Caloz¹;  ¹Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada; ²Universite de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada

The AC conductivity of a carbon nanotube (CNT) is derived and it is shown that it can become negative when the CNT is exposed to a DC axial field in addition to the AC field. For this purpose, the Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) is solved within the relaxation time approximation (RTA) by separating the AC and DC contributions. The AC carrier distribution and the AC conductivity are found via a semi-analytical procedure. Absolute negative AC conductivity is found for a DC field above 10^5 V/m, which is a promising result toward enabling CNT traveling-wave amplifiers.

16:20 DB1.8 EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT SYNTHESIS FOR MICROSTRIP STRUCTURES DESIGN AND OPTIMISATION

A. Gorbunova, Y. Kuznetsov, Moscow Aviation Institute (State Technical University), Moscow, Russian Federation

The paper suggests network synthesis algorithm used limited band scattering parameters of microwave devices. Presentation of the model in the form of an equivalent electric circuit maintains its feasibility as a microwave device under variation of parameters in the process of optimization. The proposed approach is based on the simple description of the microwave structures using lumped element network. The submitted example of synthesis illustrates the microstrip filter design.

16:40 DB1.9 MICROMACHINED J-BAND RECTANGULAR WAVEGUIDE FILTER

M. Vahidpour, K. Sarabandi, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States

Fully micromachined waveguide filters are realized based on metal E-plane rods. The rods make a series of shunt inductors separated by the length of the waveguide. Two- and three- pole filter designs for 230~245 GHz bands constructed in WR-3 waveguide are introduced. The filters are microfabricated by etching the rods and waveguides on one silicon wafer which later is bonded with another metal-coated wafer. The devices are measured using a J-band S-parameter test and the measurement results are in good agreement with the simulation results.

17:00 DB1.10 INFINITE INTEGRALSWITH THEWEIGHTED AVERAGES ALGORITHM

J. R. Mosig, A. G. Polimeridis, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland

A new version of the weighted averages (WA) algorithm, called generalized WA, is introduced. Generalized WA exhibit a more compact formulation, devoid of iterative and recursive steps, and a wider range of applications. It is more robust, as it provides a unique formulation, valid for real and imaginary parameters. The implementation of the new version is easier and more efficient. Preliminary numerical examples show the promise of the generalized WA that become the most interesting version among the generic class of WA algorithms, which are currently recognized as the most competitive algorithms to evaluate Sommerfeld integral tails.

17:20 End of the Session

E02 – Lightning and Related Effects I

Session Chairs: Vladimir A. Rakov, Z. Kawasaki

Session E02

Type Oral Presentation

Schedule Monday, August 15, 13:40-17:20

Room Galata

13:40 E02.1 LIGHTNING RETURN STROKES TO TALL TOWERS: ABILITY OF ENGINEERING MODELS TO REPRODUCE NEARBY ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS

A. Mosaddeghi, A. Shoory, F. Rachidi, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland;  M. Rubinstein, 2University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland, Yverdon, Switzerland;  G. Diendorfer, H. Pichler, Austrian Lightning Detection and Information System, Vienna, Austria;  D. Pavanello, Colge Champittet, Lausanne, Switzerland  

We present measurements of nearby vertical and horizontal electric fields from leaders and return strokes associated with lightning strikes to the 100-m tall Gaisberg Tower in Austria obtained in 2007 and 2008. The fields were measured at a distance of about 20 m from the towers vertical axis. Simultaneously with the fields, return-stroke currents were also measured at the top of the tower. The measured data are used to test engineering models for the return stroke. In general, the agreement between measured waveforms and model-predicted ones are satisfactory.

14:00 E02.2 FDTD SIMULATION OF FIELD-REDUCTION EFFECT AT GROUND DUE TO CORONA AT LIGHTNING-TRIGGERING WIRE

Y. Baba, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan;  V. A. Rakov, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA  

The effect of an upward-extending wire used for artificial lightning initiation from thunderclouds and the corona space charge emanated from this wire on the close electric field (prior to lightning initiation) on the ground has been examined using the FDTD method. When the wire-top altitude is 200 m, the reduction of upward-directed electric field at a horizontal distance of 60 m is 15, 23, 28, and 38% relative to the background value at ground surface of 10 kV/m for corona radii, 0.27, 2, 4, and 10 m, respectively. These calculated results agree well with measurements.

14:20 E02.3 INFLUENCE OF RETURN STROKE SPEED AND LEADER LINE CHARGE DENSITY ON LIGHTNING CORONA SHEATH DYNAMICS

G. Maslowski, Rzeszow University of Technology, Rzeszow, Poland;  V. A. Rakov, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA  

Positive transferred charge inside the lightning channel core during the return-stroke stage dominates the total charge when the speed of the return stroke current wave is relatively low and negative leader line charge density is less than typical values inferred from field measurements. As a result, the positive charge inside the channel during the return-stroke stage can be temporarily greater than the negative charge deposited by the preceding leader. This may explain significant positive overshoots in radial electric fields measured with a Pockels sensor close to the triggered lightning channel at ground.

14:40 E02.4 LIGHTNING ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS AND INDUCED VOLTAGES: INFLUENCE OF CHANNEL TORTUOSITY

A. Andreotti¹, U. De Martinis¹, C. Petrarca¹, V. A. Rakov², L. Verolino¹;  ¹University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; ²University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA

Models for calculation of lightning induced overvoltages usually assume a straight and vertical lightning channel. However, it is well known that the lightning path is tortuous on scales ranging from 1 m to 1 km. In this paper the tortuosity effect is analyzed for both lightning-generated electromagnetic fields and induced voltages. For a schematic representation of tortuous lightning channel, it is shown that at close and intermediate ranges the predominant effect is due to the inclination of the lowest channel segment; only for fields at relatively far ranges the overall tortuosity effect becomes appreciable.

15:00 E02.5 RADIO-PHYSICAL METHODS OF ANALYSIS FOR THUNDERSTORM FIELD PERTURBATIONS

E. A. Mareev, V. V. Klimenko, Y. V. Shlyugaev, M. V. Shatalina, D. I. Iudin, Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation

Complex field experiments have been undertaken on the basis of the observational set-up arranged in the Upper-Volga Region during the convective seasons of 2005-2010. Spectral and statistical characteristics of electric field perturbations in the vicinity of thunderstorm clouds have been investigated. Statistical analysis allowed us to relate found peculiarities with different stages of thunderstorm generator dynamics. We develop our fractal simulation code to take into account the spatio-temporal dynamics of a cloud discharge, to compare the results with the observations and to address several actual problems of lightning initiation physics.

15:20 E02.6 STEPPED LEADER CHARACTERISTICS IN DEVELOPING HORIZONTALLY WITHIN THUNDERCLOUDS AND IN DESCENDING OUT OF THUNDERCLOUDS

S. Yoshida, M. Akita, T. Morimoto, T. Ushio, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan;  Z. Kawasaki, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology, Alexandria, Egypt  

We examine VHF and optical images of cloud-to-ground flashes to study IC leaders that propagated within thunderclouds and CG leaders that descended outside thunderclouds. It is shown that IC leaders developed smoothly and CG leaders propagated in a heavily branched manner. We speculate that, in the case of IC leaders, only the leader tip having the highest charge density in the channel could propagate in E-field intensified by local positive charge. In the case of CG leaders, not only leader tips but also lower parts of the leader could initiate new branches due to higher charge density.

15:40 Tea/Coffee Break

16:00 E02.7 DEVELOPMENT OF THE BROADBAND RADAR NETWORK WITH HIGH RESOLUTION

T. Ushio¹, E. Yoshikawa¹, N. Wakayama¹, S. Shimamura¹, S. Yoshida¹, T. Morimoto¹, Z. Kawasaki^1,2;  ¹Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; ²Egypt Japan University of Science and Technology, Alexandria, Egypt

A small-baseline weather radar network consisting of the Ku-band broadband radars (BBR) for meteoro-logical application is developed. The BBR is a remarkably high-resolution close-range Doppler radar designed for detecting and analyzing rapidly evolving weather phenomena such as severe thunderstorms, tornadoes, and downbursts, which often cause damage to our lives seriously. A radar network with several BBRs (the BBR network) observes multi-directionally and simultaneously these severe phenomena with high reso-lution and accuracy. In this presentation, the concept of the project and the initial observation results of the BBR network were presented.

16:20 E02.8 A MACROMODEL-BASED ALGORITHM FOR THE CALCULATION OF LIGHTNING RADIATED ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS AND INDUCED VOLTAGES IN TRANSMISSION LINES

S. Mashayekhi, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada;  B. Kordi, University Of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada  

In this paper, we propose a fast and efficient algorithm for the calculation of lightning radiated electromagnetic (EM) fields in the space. These macromodel-based calculations will be done using a mixed time-frequency domain method. Vector Fitting algorithm is employed to trace the poles/residues position of the channel-base current-radiated electromagnetic fields system transfer function in different points of the space. The spatial representation of the poles and residues locations will result in efficient calculation of the induced voltage on the frequency dependent multiconductor transmission lines (MTL) over a lossy ground.

16:40 E02.9 EVALUATION OF THE COORAY-RUBINSTEIN FORMULA FOR DISTANCES FARTHER THAN A FEW KILOMETERS USING THE PARALLEL FDTD METHOD

M. Khosravi Farsani, R. Moini, S. H. H. Sadeghi, Amirkabir university of technology, tehran, Iran

a parallel finite difference time domain code is developed for the calculation of the horizontal electric field above ground for three distances of 2 Km, 5 Km and 10 Km from the return stroke channel. An electromagnetic model of lightning is adopted for the purpose of simulation. The obtained results are compared with those simulated by Cooray-Rubinstein formula (CR). The effect of ground's conductivity on the electric field value is also investigated. The results show that the accuracy of CR formula decreases as the grounds conductivity decreases or distance of observation point from the lightning channel becomes larger.

17:00 E02.10 AN IMPROVED DISTANCE FINDING TECHNIQUE FOR SINGLE-SITE LIGHTNING LOCATION SYSTEM USING REFLECTION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ANISOTROPIC IONOSPHERE

M. Ozaki, S. Yagitani, K. Miyazaki, I. Nagano, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan

The distance finding technique for a single-site lightning location system is evaluated by using theoretical sferics, which are calculated under the effect of the magnetized ionosphere. The calculated ionospheric reflection coefficients are stable at smaller incident angles, while they exhibit a poor reflection at larger incident angles around 70 degrees. The distance finding accuracy is improved when the 1st reflected pulse of the sferic having the largest incident angle is excluded in the estimation. The errors of the improved distance finding technique become less than 5%, while those of the previous technique using the 1st reflected pulse were 20%.

17:20 End of the Session

F02 – Attenuation and Depolarization in Satellite and Terrestrial Propagation

Session Chair: Bertram Arbesser-Rastburg

Session F02

Type Oral Presentation

Schedule Monday, August 15, 13:40-17:20

Room Haliç

13:40 F02.1 STATISTICS OF RAIN ATTENUATION REVISITED

J. B. Andersen, P. C. Eggers, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark;  I. E. Otung, University of Glamorgan, Pontypridd, UK  

Millimeter frequency satellite links are prone to variations in attenuation over a large range, more than 30 dB. This has been considered to be caused by meteorological conditions. Statistical distributions have been fit-to-data with little or no physical insight. It is the purpose of this paper to test the hypothesis that the dynamic variations are Ricean or Rayleigh type fading, caused by multipath from the rain. This opens the possibility of exact distributions of Doppler variations and of the recently studied rain fade slope, which follows a Students t- distribution with the Doppler spread as parameter

14:00 F02.2 PREDICTING THE PROPAGATION LOSS THROUGH A TREE CANOPY AT MILLIMETER FREQUENCIES FORWARD SCATTERING APPROXIMATION 3-D VECTOR RADIATIVE TRANSPORT THEORY

S. A. Torrico, Comsearch, Bethesda, MD, United States;  R. H. Lang, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States  

The vector radiative transport theory is used to compute the attenuation produced by a tree canopy containing random located lossy-dielectric leaves and branches at millimeter wave frequencies. The forward scattering approximation is used to simplify the radiative transport equation. The forward scattering approximation is used since at millimeter frequencies, the leaves and branches are large and thick compared to the wavelength; hence, a leaf or a branch scatter energy strongly in the forward direction and weakly in all other directions. Leaves are modeled as flat-circular lossy-dielectric discs and branches as lossy-dielectric cylinders with prescribe orientation statistics.

14:20 F02.3 COMPUTATION OF RAIN ATTENUATION IN TROPICAL REGION WITH MULTIPLE SCATTERING AND MULTIPLE ABSORPTION EFFECTS USING EXPONENTIAL DROP SIZE DISTRIBUTION

F. F. Amrullah, E. Setijadi, G. Hendrantoro, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia

Rain attenuation causes scattering and absorption of electromagnetic waves and could be a significant problem in radio propagation, especially in tropical region which has high rainfall rate. In this paper, raindrop was modeled using exponential raindrop size distribution and computed with multiple scattering and multiple absorption effect previously derived. It was assumed that raindrop shape is spherical and has dielectric constant following the Double Debye Model. Based on the analysis, rain attenuation effects become significant for frequencies above 10 GHz and reach the peak at about 125 GHz. Other important results are also reported.

14:40 F02.4 KU-BAND SIGNAL DEPOLARIZATION OVER EARTH-SPACE PATH IN RELATION TO SCATTERING OF RAINDROPS AT A TROPICAL LOCATION

A. Maitra, A. Adhikari, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India

The depolarization of a satellite signal due to scattering by rain drops has been studied at a tropical location. The depolarization phenomenon is observed in terms of an enhancement of cross-polar component of a horizontally polarized Ku-band signal. The differential phase shifts, dominantly responsible for causing depolarization at Ku-band due to scattering by spheroidal raindrops, are computed by employing the point matching technique and using experimentally obtained rain drop size distribution (DSD) data. The differential phase shift is significant for large drops (> 3mm). Consequently, DSD plays an important role in determining the depolarization of the satellite signal.

15:00 F02.5 TWO YEAR RAIN ATTENUATION STATISTICS OVER A LINE OF SIGHT TERRESTRIAL MICROWAVE LINK OPERATING AT 30 GHZ IN TROPICAL REGION AMRITSAR (INDIA)

P. Sharma, Model Institute of Engineering and Technology, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India

The precipitation in path of microwave communication links leads to fading of signal. The calculation of fade margin for 99.99 % of the time-availability of such links requires the knowledge of rain rate and attenuation levels for 0.01 % time of year. The ITU-R has given recommendations regarding rain rate and attenuation levels but it has been found that the recommendations are not suitable for tropical regions. The paper presents the experimental results of two year rain attenuation measurement program conducted in a tropical site Amritsar (India). The experimental results are different from that predicted by ITU-R.

15:20 F02.6 SOME MELTING LAYER CHARACTERISTICS AT TWO TROPICAL LOCATIONS IN INDIAN REGION

S. Das, A. Maitra, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

Hydrometeors pose serious threat to satellite communication operating above 10 GHz. The designing line-of-sight link usually is based on the ITU-R models, which are often inadequate for tropical region. ITU-R model uses a yearly averaged constant rain height for the attenuation calculation, which may not be valid for tropics. This paper reports the study of rain height based on Micro Rain Radar and Radiosonde observations at two tropical locations in Indian region. Results suggest a possible modification in the rain attenuation model taking into account the melting layer height variation with the season and rain rate.

15:40 Tea/Coffee Break

16:00 F02.7 ANALYSIS OF RAINDROP SIZE DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTICS IN MALAYSIA FOR RAIN ATTENUATION PREDICTION

H. Y. Lam, D. Jafri, University Technology Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia;  L. Luini, C. Capsoni, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy;  A. D. Panagopoulos, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece  

Variability of rainfall characteristics in the equatorial regions is a key problem in estimating adequate fade margin due to rain attenuation in satellite communication. Based on disdrometer data collected in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, this paper investigates the characteristics of the raindrop size distribution (DSD) and the dependence of rain attenuation on the DSD. Its diurnal variation and the role of critical diameter values on the estimation of specific attenuation are also discussed. Preliminary results suggest that satellite links operating in the afternoon and early evening hours should be provided with an extra fade margin to compensate for rain attenuation impairments.

16:20 F02.8 DIMENSIONAL STATISTICS OF RAINFALL SIGNATURE AND FADE DURATION FOR MICROWAVE PROPAGATION IN NIGERIA

J. S. Ojo, O. M. Ajewole, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo state, Nigeria., ONDO, Nigeria

As the communication services are increasingly demanding more access for higher frequencies up to Ka-band and beyond, dimensional statistics of rainfall for predicting rain induced attenuation is required for estimating the link budget and the communication performance. Attenuation due to rain restricts the path length of radio communication systems and limits the usage of higher frequencies for terrestrial point-to-point microwave links and satellite communications. In this paper, some results of dimensional statistics of rainfall signature and fade duration are presented. Rain events are studied to examine the efficacy of predicting the attenuations from point rain rate measurements

16:40 F02.9 GENERATION OF AN EMPIRIC PROPAGATION MODEL FOR FOREST ENVIRONMENT AT GSM900/GSM1800/CDMA2100

M. Bitirgan^1,2, Y. E. Yoruk^1,2, S. Celik^1,2, O. Kurnaz¹, S. Helhel^1,1, S. Ozen^1,1;  ¹Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey; ²Turkcell Iletisim Hizmetleri A.S, Antalya, Turkey

This paper represents a generation of an empiric propagation model for a certain pine tree environment. An empiric model has been obtained by the addition of vegetation loss factor L into the free space model by using both forest and open area measurements. Three different models for different operating band have been generated. The model error increased with frequency from 900MHz to 1800MHz, but it reached smallest value at CDMA2100. This could be