Table of Contents
Oral Presentations
SPC – Second International URSI
Student Paper Competition
ABD – Low Noise Microwave
Generation
C01
– Frequency Converters and Mixers
D01
– RFID Technology and Applications
E01
– EMC Interactions in Complex Systems
F01
– State-of-the-Art Developments in Propagation and Remote sensing
G01
– Open Session and Latest Results I
H01
– Nonlinear Waves and Turbulence in Plasmas
J01
– Low Frequency Radio Astronomy I – (LOFAR, LWA, MWA, GMRT, any other)
A02
– Fractals - Design and Measurement
C02
– Advanced Architectures of High-Performance Power Amplifiers for Mobile
Communications Systems
DB1:
Modeling of High Frequency Devices and Circuits
E02
– Lightning and Related Effects I
F02
– Attenuation and Depolarization in Satellite and Terrestrial Propagation
G02
– Measuring and Modeling the Ionospheric Electron Density Profile
KBE
– Non-ionizing Electromagnetic Breast Imaging
J02
– Low Frequency Radio Astronomy II
CD –
Advanced RF Integrated Circuits
B03
– Hybrid Methods (in memory of Robert G. Kouyoumjian)
CB –
Antenna Channel Interactions for Future Wireless Communications
E03
– High Power and Intentional EMI (in memory of Carl E. Baum)
F03
– Tropospheric Modeling for Radiowave Propagation and Radar Remote Sensing
G03
- Recent Developments in and Coordinated Studies with Incoherent Scatter Radars
H03
– Wave-particle Interactions and Their Effects on Planetary Radiation Belts I
J03
– Technology Development for the SKA Program
K03
– Environmental EMF Exposure Assessment
C05
– Radio Science for Information Security and Social Safety
KT –
Epidemiology of RF and Cancer
B04
– Electromagnetic Field Transformations for Measurements and Numerical Methods
B05
– Theoretical and Numerical Issues in Electromagnetics
DBC
– Signal Processing Antennas
EGH
– Terrestrial and Planetary Electromagnetics
F04
– Active and Passive Remote Sensing of Vegetation (in honor of Roger H. Lang)
G04
– Practical Applications and Techniques for the Use of Ionosonde Data
HT –
Major developments in our understanding of electric antennas in space plasmas
J04
– Space and Moon-based radio astronomy: science and technology
H04
– Wave-particle Interactions and Their Effects on Planetary Radiation Belts II
B06
– Multiscale Modeling and Applications to Composite Materials
CBD –
Vehicular Communications
F05
– Radar Applications: Polarimetric Interferometry, Smart Systems and
Propagation Impairment
G05
– New Science Initiatives on Irregularities and Scintillation using Beacon
Satellites
HG1
– Radio Sounding in Ionospheres and Magnetospheres and Associated Plasma
Phenomena I
J05
– Sun and Solar System Science
K04
– Biomedical Applications: Diagnostic Sensing
CT –
Six-port Wave Correlator Theory and Practical Application to RF Network
Analysis
CHGBDJK
– Solar Power Satellites and Wireless Power Transmission
DT –
RFID Technology and Applications
EB –
Electromagnetic Modelling for EMC
F06
– Remote Sensing of Oceans, Cryosphere and Related Topics
G06
– Distributed Ground and Space-based Observatories for Space Weather Studies
HG2
– Radio Sounding in Ionospheres and Magnetospheres and Associated Plasma
Phenomena II
J06
– Signal Processing, Calibration and Imaging in Radio Astronomy
K05
– Interactions with Human Body and Implanted Systems
DB3
– Metamaterial Applications
AGJ
– Pulsar Timing and Time Transfer
BD2
– Numerical Techniques for Multi-Physics Electromagnetics
CA –
Propagation Measurement Based Performance Evaluation of Advanced MIMO Systems
D07
– Micro and Nano Photonics
E07 –
EMC in Wire and Wireless Communication Systems
G07
– Ionospheric Research for Radio Systems Support
HG3
– Active Experiments in the Ionosphere and Magnetosphere I
K06
– Biological Effects of EMF: Cellular, Animal
AT –
Single Electron Tunneling (SET)
BJ –
Very Large Antenna Arrays for Radio Astronomy
C10
– Wireless Communication Technologies for Standardization
D08
– Nonlinear Optics and Guided Wave Devices
E08
– Surveys of the Electromagnetic Environment
FT –
Remote Sensing, Systems and Applications: Present and Future
G08
– Open Session and Latest Results II
GHE1
– Lightning Induced Effects in the Ionosphere and Magnetosphere, I
HG4
– Active Experiments in the Ionosphere and Magnetosphere II
J08
– Spectrum Management Issues and RFI Mitigation
K07
– Biomedical Applications: Imaging and Brain Mapping
F08
– System Aspects: Antennas, Calibration, and Interference
C11
– Power Amplifier Considerations for Software Radio Systems
DAF1
– Enabling Technologies for Millimeter and THz Wave Applications
E09
– Lightning and Related Effects II
G09
– CAWSES-2 Ionospheric and Thermospheric Campaigns and Results
H09 –
Laboratory Simulation of Space and Dust-related Phenomena
K08
– Biomedical Application: Healing and Therapy
ET –
EMC Measurements in the Time-Domain
JG –
Ionospheric Calibration for Radio Astronomy (in memory of William E. Gordon)
AD –
Optical Frequency Metrology
B11
– Inverse Scattering and Imaging
C12
– Multiple Antenna Technologies for Communication Systems and Radar
E10
– Stochastic Techniques in EMC
FG –
Ionospheric and Tropospheric Effects in Precision GNSS
GT –
Sprites and Energetic Radiation Above Thunderstorms
H10
– Waves as Signatures of Inflowing Plasma Interaction with Solar System Bodies
J10
– Mm and Sub-mm Science and Technology with a Special Focus on ALMA
KAE
– Anatomical Human Models Development and Exposure Assessment
GHE2
– Lightning Induced Effects in the Ionosphere and Magnetosphere, II
B12
– Novel Mathematical Methods in Electromagnetics
C13
– Signal Processing Advances for Cognitive Radio
DF –
Hyperspectral Sensing and LIDAR
E11
– EMC and Signal Integrity
FCA
– Channel Modeling, Measurements and Characterization in Communications and
Remote Sensing
GHE3
– Electromagnetic Effects in Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere Coupling
J11
– New Observations and Results
KB –
Uncertainty Management in Numerical Calculation and EM Field Dosimetry
Poster Presentations
Poster:
RFID and Signal Processing Antennas
Poster:
High frequency Devices and Multiphysics Techniques
FP1
– Poster session 1 – Focus: Remote Sensing
Poster:
Metamaterials and Microwave Techniques
SPC – Second International URSI Student Paper
Competition
Session
Chairs: Steven C. Reising, Birsen Saka
Session SPC
Type Oral
Presentation
Schedule Monday,
August 15, 13:00-16:40
Room Sultan 3
A
fiber-based, all-optical system for femtosecond-precision, long-term, timing
transfer and synchronization of electronics and lasers at the kilometer scale
is presented. The system incorporates a fiber polarization controller for
long-term synchronization of remote lasers, and uses an optical timing detector
based on balanced optical cross-correlation. We demonstrate continuous, unaided
timing distribution over 168-hours with 5 fs rms precision over 340 m of fiber.
Also, timing transfer from local to remote laser for 5 hours with 4 fs rms
precision is shown. A study of linear and non-linear effects impacting
performance is presented.
13:20 SPC.2 AN INVESTIGATION OF WHISTLER INTENSITIES ABOVE
THUNDERSTORMS
We
study a penetration of whistlers to the ionosphere. We developed an automatic
method for assigning causative lightning to fractional-hop whistlers observed
on the DEMETER satellite. Processing data from 364 passes of the satellite over
Europe, we found that at nighttime, a mean whistler intensity is approximately
three times larger than at daytime. A maximum of whistler intensity is shifted
approximately one degree from the satellite magnetic footprint owing to the
oblique propagation. Calculations of wave attenuation made using IRI2007 and
MSIS models show very similar result in a ratio of nighttime and daytime
intensities.
13:40
SPC.3 CONFINING THE ANGULAR DISTRIBUTION OF TGF EMISSION
We
present the first constraints on the TGF emission cone, based on accurately
geolocated TGFs. The distribution of the observation angles for 106 TGFs are
compared to Monte Carlo simulations. We find that TGF emissions within an
isotropic half angle >30deg can generate the observations. In addition, 36
events are used for spectral analysis. The result is a significant softening of
the TGF energy spectrum for large observation angles, which is consistent with
a TGF emission half angle <40deg. The constraints 30-40deg indicates that
the electrons which produce TGFs are accelerated in nearly vertical electric
fields.
14:00 SPC.4 SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF THE AIRY PULSE BEAM
Y.
Kaganovsky, E. Heyman, Tel Aviv University, Israel
The
Airy beam (AiB) has attracted a lot of attention recently because of its
intriguing features such as propagation along curved trajectories in free-space
and the weak diffraction. Here we derive the ultra wide band Airy pulsed beam
(AiPB) which is the extension of the AiB into the time domain. We introduce a
frequency scaling that renders the ray skeleton of the field frequency
independent, thus insuring that the resulting AiPB is non-dispersive and
preserves the intriguing features of the time-harmonic AiB. An exact closed
form solution is derived using the spectral theory of transients (STT).
14:20
SPC.5 ACCURATE PHOTONIC ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERSION
Photonic
analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) are attracting significant interest due to
promise of overcoming the problem of aperture jitter and improving ADC
performance level by orders of magnitude. This work examines several critical
factors which define the accuracy of an optically-sampled
wavelength-demultiplexed ADC built on a silicon chip using silicon photonic
technology. These factors are the optical power-dependent shot noise, optical
power-dependent nonlinearities due to two-photon and free-carrier absorption in
silicon, and nonlinear transfer function of a silicon modulator. Ways to reduce
the impact of these factors on ADC accuracy are considered.
14:40 Break
G. Safonova, E.
Vynogradova, Macquarie University,
Australia
The
two-dimensional body potential problem is rigorously solved with emphasis on
electrostatics. By the Method of Analytical Regularization, the solution is
obtained from coupled second kind infinite systems of linear algebraic
equations that are effectively solved numerically by a truncation method. A
combination of the fast convergence with fast and accurate computation of the
matrix elements makes the computational routine extremely efficient: in most
cases the computational time measures a few seconds. As an example, the
developed algorithm is applied to a calculation of the capacitance matrix for N
arbitrary profiled charged cylinders surrounded by a grounded cylindrical shield.
15:20
SPC.7 MODEL ORDER REDUCTION METHODS FOR MULTIVARIATE
PARAMETERIZED DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS
K.
Stavrakakis1, T. Wittig2, W.
Ackermann1, T. Weiland11Technische
Universität Darmstadt, Germany; 2Computer
Simulation Technology AG, Germany
Electrodynamic
field simulations in the frequency domain typically require the solution of
large dynamical systems. Model order reduction (MOR) techniques offer a fast
approach to approximate the system impedance with respect to the frequency
parameter. During the design process, it is desirable to vary specified
parameters like the frequency, geometry details or material parameters, giving
rise to multivariate dynamical systems. In this work, multivariate MOR methods
are presented for multivariate parameterized systems based on the finite
integration technique. The methods are applied to numerical examples with both
geometrical and material variations.
M. Tian, A. J. Gasiewski, University of Colorado at Boulder, USA
A
unified microwave radiative transfer (UMRT) model is presented for computing
the thermal radiation from geophysical media comprised of planar multilayer
spherical scatterers of arbitrary electrical size and density. UMRT employs
discrete ordinate-eigenanalysis to solve the vector radiative transfer
equation. Importantly, UMRT inherits the symmetrization, analytical
diagonalization, and factorization techniques from the discrete ordinate
tangent linear radiative transfer (DOTLRT) model devised by Voronovich et al.,
to ensure accuracy, numerical stability, and computational efficiency, along
with Jacobian capability. However UMRT extends the applicability of DOTLRT by
including the dense media radiative transfer theory and linear temperature
profiles within slabs.
16:00 SPC.9 A COMPRESSED SENSING APPROACH TO OBSERVING
DISTRIBUTED RADAR TARGETS
R.
Volz, S. Close, Stanford University, USA
Compressed
sensing, a method which relies on sparsity to reconstruct signals with
relatively few measurements, has the potential to greatly improve observation of
distributed radar targets. We extend the theoretical work of others by
investigating the practical problems of implementing this approach for
distributed targets, first examining a discrete linear radar model suitable for
compressed sensing and then discussing an example of this technique used on
existing data. Potential benefits include higher possible range resolution,
complete filtering of noise without sidelobes or artifacts, and the ability to
identify different Doppler shifts within the same range window of a single
pulse.
16:20
SPC.10 ANTENNA DESIGN AND CHANNEL MEASUREMENTS FOR ON-BODY
COMMUNICATIONS AT 60 GHZ
X. Y. Wu, Y. Nechayev, P. S. Hall, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
On-body
communication is of increasing interest for a number of applications, such as
medical-sensor networks, emergency-service workers, and personal
communications. This paper reviews 60 GHz on-body communication and its
benefits and challenges. Two novel low profile high gain, end-fire wearable
antennas are then described. Measurements with an experimental phantom and real
human body are presented. Results show antennas achieve good performance close
to a phantom. Shadowing effects and polarisation issues for on-body
communications at 60 GHz are discussed.
16:40 End of the Session
ABD – Low Noise Microwave Generation
Session Chair: Michael Tobar
Session ABD
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Monday, August 15, 08:00-10:40
Room Dolmabahçe C
08:00 ABD.1 LOW PHASE NOISE MICROWAVE GENERATION WITH
FIBER-BASED FEMTOSECOND LASERS
When
a femtosecond laser is servoed onto an ultra-stable cw laser, its repetition
rate acquire an extreme spectral purity. By photodetecting the pulses, we are
able to generate ultra-low phase noise microwave signals and use it for cutting
edge metrology experiments. We present our past and present work to generate
microwave signal with very low degradation from the limit imposed by the
reference oscillator, using a highly reliable fiber-based system. The latest
developments involve employing an intra-cavity electro-optic modulator, reduced
relative intensity noise of the laser, and studies of the photodetector
amplitude to-phase conversion.
08:20 ABD.2 CRYOGENIC SAPPHIRE MICROWAVE OSCILLATORS
FOR SPACE, METROLOGY AND SCIENTIFIC APPLICATIONS
We
recently demonstrated a Cryogenic Sapphire Oscillator presenting a relative
short term frequency stability better than 3e-15 for 1 s < t < 1000 s and
achieving 4.5e-15 for one day integration. This CSO incorporates a pulse-tube
cooler instead of a bath cryostat thus eliminating the need for regular
supplies and manual transferring of liquid helium. The advent of reliable and
cryocooled CSO open the possibility to implement such an ultra-stable reference
not only in metrological laboratories with liquid helium facilities but also in
remote sites like base stations for space navigation, VBLI antenna sites, ...
08:40 ABD.3 CHARACTERIZATION OF TIMING JITTER IN
ULTRAFAST FIBER AND TI:S LASERS AND SUPERCONTINUUM
J. A. Cox, A. J. Benedick, F. X. Kaertner, MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States
The
timing jitter of erbium doped, fiber optic and Titanium:Sapphire lasers, both
passively mode-locked ultrafast lasers at 80 MHz, is measured with
unprecedented resolution and bandwidth. Using the balanced optical
cross-correlator timing detector, we found a total integrated timing jitter of
2.2 fs rms [100 Hz, 1 MHz] for the fiber supercontinuum and only 55 as rms [100
Hz, 10 MHz] jitter for the Ti:S laser. This measurement of fiber laser jitter
is an absolute measurement, since the jitter of the fiber laser was measured against
the Ti:S laser, which is negligible.
09:00 ABD.4 OPTICAL FREQUENCY COMBS FOR LOW PHASE
NOISE MICROWAVE GENERATION
An
optical frequency comb locked to a stable optical reference can serve as a
source for microwave signals having very low close-to-carrier phase noise. This
has recently been confirmed by comparing two independent systems, yielding an
absolute phase noise of -104 dBc/Hz at 1 Hz offset from a 10 GHz carrier. The
corresponding timing jitter is 760 attoseconds, integrated from 1 Hz to 1 MHz.
Here we describe the system architecture, as well as technical and fundamental
noise limitations.
09:20 Tea/Coffee Break
09:40 ABD.5 PRECISION NOISE MEASUREMENTS AND
OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY STABILIZATION
E. N. Ivanov, M. E. Tobar, The University of Western Australia, Perth,WA, Australia
This
paper summarizes recent advances in two closely related research fields:
precision noise measurements and generation of low-phase noise microwave
signals. The progress achieved in those fields over the past decade was largely
associated with the applications of microwave circuit interferometry, which is
a powerful noise measurement technique born out of the quest to detect gravitational
waves in the beginning of 90s.
10:00 ABD.6 AN S/C-BAND SIGE HBT DIFFERENTIAL VCO
USING A NOVEL HPF-TYPE RESONATOR COMPRISED OF THE CHIP INDUCTORS FOR A HIGHER
OSCILLATION FREQUENCY
Y. Itoh, Y. Tashiro, Shonan Institute Of Technology, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
An
S/C-band SiGe HBT differential VCO has been developed for the next generation
wireless radios. It employs a novel HPF-type resonator having a parallel LC
circuit for higher frequency oscillation. The novel HPF-type resonator can be
easily constructed from only the chip inductors by using their parasitic
capacitance. The differential VCO has achieved an oscillation from 3.36 to
4.03GHz, a phase noise of less than -100dBc/Hz at 100kHz offset for VCC=3V and
IC=2.93mA. This is the first report on the differential VCO using only chip
inductors as a resonator element.
10:20 ABD.7 ON THE QUALITY FACTOR OF A LOW-LOSS
PARALLEL-PLATE RESONATOR BASED ON COMPLEMENTARY METAMATERIALS
D. Sjoberg, M. Gustafsson, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
Several
proposals have been made during the last ten years on size-independent
resonators by using metamaterials for phase compensation. In this paper, we
present an estimate of the quality factor of a simple parallel-plate resonator,
based on realistic assumptions such as linear, passive, causal,
time-translational invariant metamaterials, and lossy walls. It is found that
the quality factor of the resonator depends on whether the losses of the
material or the metal walls are dominating: in the former case, there is no
size dependence, in the latter case, the size dependence is similar to a
vacuum-filled resonator.
10:40 End of the Session
Session Chairs: Mats Gustafsson, Gerhard Kristensson
Session B01
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Monday, August 15, 08:00-09:20
Room Anadolu Auditorium
08:00 B01.1 SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF THE AIRY PULSED BEAM
Y. Kaganovsky, E. Heyman, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
The
Airy beam (AiB) has attracted a lot of attention recently because of its
intriguing features such as propagation along curved trajectories in free-space
and the weak diffraction. Here we derive the ultra wide band Airy pulsed beam
(AiPB) which is the extension of the AiB into the time domain. We introduce a
frequency scaling that renders the ray skeleton of the field frequency
independent, thus insuring that the resulting AiPB is non-dispersive and
preserves the intriguing features of the time-harmonic AiB. An exact closed
form solution is derived using the spectral theory of transients (STT).
08:20 B01.2 DOES EVANESCENT GAIN EXIST?
We
have investigated the situation where light incident from a passive high-refractive-index
medium is totally reflected off an infinite half space with gain. The question
of whether or not evanescent gain can prevail in this case, has been at issue
for 40 years. We argue that the controversy can be resolved for week gain media
using the Laplace transform, combined with a detailed analysis of analytic and
global properties of the permittivity function of the active medium.
08:40 B01.3 NEW TYPE OF GYROTROPY IN GRAPHENE -
COMPARISON WITH GYROTROPY IN PLASMAS
D. L. Sounas, C. Caloz, Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal, Montreal, Canada
The
gyrotropic properties of magnetically biased graphene are compared to these of
magnetically biased plasmas. Graphene exhibits a significant polarization
rotation phenomenon at frequencies below the cyclotron resonance, where plasmas
do not provide any polarization rotation. At frequencies above the cyclotron
resonance the behavior of graphene is similar to this of plasmas. Graphene
allows the control of its gyrotropic properties via a static electric field,
while keeping the bias magnetic field constant, in contrast to plasmas where
the variation of the bias magnetic field is required.
09:00 B01.4 THE CLASS OF DECOMPOSABLE MEDIA IN
FOUR-DIMENSIONAL REPRESENTATION
TE/TM
decomposition of electromagnetic fields in uniaxial anisotropic media is
generalized applying four-dimensional differential-form formalism by requiring
orthogonality between the field two-form and two given bivectors. Conditions
are derived for the electromagnetic medium allowing the decomposition and found
to define three subclasses of media. The medium dyadics of two of the
subclasses satisfy equations of the second order while that defining the third
subclass satisfies an equation of the first order. Dispersion equations for
plane waves are derived and the corresponding eigenpolarizations are found for
all three subclasses.
09:20 End of the Session
C01 – Frequency Converters and Mixers
Session Chair: Kenji Itoh
Session C01
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Monday, August 15, 08:00-10:20
Room Dolmabahçe A
08:00 C01.1 KA BAND DIRECT MODULATION USING SUB
HARMONIC MIXER FOR SATELLITE APPLICATION
S. Gupta, B. Batra, N. Kumar, DAIICT, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
In
this paper, a KaBand direct modulator using subHarmonic mixer is designed and
analysed. KaBand direct modulator comprises of WilkinsonPowerDivider,
LangeCoupler, SubHarmonic mixer using APDP and Microstrip filters. A subharmonic
mixer operates at half the LO frequency eliminating the need for frequency
doublers, a filter and an amplifier at LO circuit. It provides better
conversion loss and rejects odd harmonic mixing products. Coupled line topology
was selected to get sharp cut off in minimum length of the circuit and for its
compactness. Here QPSK technique used two BPSK modulator systems to get various
advantages related with data rate and bandwidth.
08:20 C01.2 SERIES SWITCHED RESONATOR BASED DUAL-BAND
OSCILLATOR
V. Sharma, R. Yadav, N. P. Pathak, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
Multi-band
oscillator plays a crucial role in modern multi-band wireless radios. The
concept of series switched resonator is introduced as a means to achieve
multi-band operation in an oscillator. Using the concept, a prototype dual-band
oscillator was implemented using single transistor. Switching between two
desired frequencies was achieved using a semiconductor diode. The measured
characteristics exhibited adequate phase noise performance while providing
constant power output for both the design frequencies.
08:40 C01.3 POLE-MOVEMENT IN OSCILLATORS AND ENERGY
BALANCE PRINCIPLE
Pole-movement
in oscillators have been reinvestigated from the perspective of oscillator
nonlinearity, harmonic distortion and soft-self and hard-self excitation.
Quasi-linearization technique and energy balance technique have been used to
evaluate the extent of back and forth pole-movement around the imaginary axis
of the complex frequency plane with reference to a Wien Bridge Oscillator,
22.20 kHz and 6.0% distortion. Experimental results have been presented in
support of theory. A modified Barkhausen Criterion has been proposed for the
nonlinear and non-steady situation of an oscillator demonstrating the transient
behavior during the growth of oscillation.
09:00 C01.4 NEW OBSERVATIONS ON BIAS CURRENT VARIATION
OF OP AMP OSCILLATORS
A
new phenomenon called Bias Current Hump in an injection locked op amp
oscillator. This phenomenon has been used to design a tracking demodulator that
does not require a phase locked nor does it require a discriminator for the
demodulation of an FM signal.This paper reports the result that shows that
there are situations where the bias point dos not remain invariant. It can be
varied both in time and frequency in a controlled manner. This has led us to
develop a tracking demodulator with extremely low distortion. Experimental
results have been presented in support of the theoretical conjecture.
09:20 Tea/Coffee Break
09:40 C01.5 IQ OSCILLATORS: TRACKING AM AND FM
DEMODULATORS
The
behaviour of a quadrature oscillator when subjected to a synchronizing signal
has been analysed and experimentally studied in depth. A non linear theory of
the quadrature oscillator has been presented It has led to the development of a
single shot tracking FM discriminator with excellent interference rejection
capability. It can also be used as a phase locked demodulator exploiting
tracking capability. The signal recovered from the AM-FM signal has a better
signal-to-interference-ratio.
10:00 C01.6 GAIN SENSITIVITIES OF A MICROWAVE
AMPLIFIER WITH RESPECT TO THE MICROSTRIP PARAMETERS
S. Demirel, F. Gunes, Yýldýz Technical University, Istanbul, TURKEY
This
paper presents a method for the sensitivity analysis of the gain with respect
to the width and length of a microstrip line used in any position of the input
/or output matching circuit of a microwave amplifier. The method is applied to
a low-noise amplifier and the resultant typical sensitivity variations are also
given. This work shows which microstrip lines are sensitive with respect
width/or length changes, therefore extra care should be taken for them during
the practical realization stage.
10:20 End of the Session
D01 – RFID Technology and Applications
Session Chair: Smail Tedjini
Session D01
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Monday, August 15, 08:00-10:40
Room Dolmabahçe B
08:00 D01.1 IMPLANTED RFID TAG FOR PASSIVE VASCULAR
MONITORING
C. Occhiuzzi, G. Contri, G. Marrocco, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
Starting
from the physical evidence that passive UHF-RFID tags may be used as
self-sensing devices to detect the state of the tagged object, this
contribution address the monitoring of human vascular system by means of
augmented Stents. It is shown through simulations and experimentations how
transforming a mechanical implant, used to recover a stenosis, into a sensor
and communication device embedding RFID chips for the remote detection of the
quality of the vein itself and to prevent restenosis pathology.
08:20 D01.2 COMPARISON OF EXTENDED AND UNSCENTED
KALMAN FILTER FOR LOCALIZATION OF PASSIVE UHF RFID LABELS
Due
to the increased use of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) in different
fields of application it is reasonable to explore the benefit that can be
obtained by the simultaneous localization of RFID tags. This paper describes
the localization of a passive UHF RFID tag via Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and
Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) using the Received Signal Strength Indicator
(RSSI) values. Simulation results based on measurements show that UKF achieves
higher localization accuracies than EKF. When using four antennae for the
localization the error of UKF is about 28cm and 75cm for EKF.
08:40 D01.3 SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS FOR WIRELESS
DIELECTRIC REFLECTOMETRY WITH MODULATED SCATTERERS
Modulated
scatterer systems are increasingly considered for remore sensing applications.
This paper is focused on cases where the sensing mechanism is expected to
result from the change of the probe impedance with the surrounding refractive
index. An analytical-based approach allows to obtain the modulated probe
response sensitivity to the refractive index. Inspired from RCS-based antenna
impedance measurement techniques, the ternary modulation scheme is shown to
remove specific difficulties inherent to wireless reflectometry, such as
misalignment between the probe and reader antennas. Center-loaded dipoles and
meander-line antennas are considered as test cases.
09:00 D01.4 INDOOR LOCALISATION FOR COMPLEX BUILDING
DESIGNS USING PASSIVE RFID TECHNOLOGY
F. M. Khan, K. Menzel, National University of Ireland, University College Cork (UCC), Cork, Ireland
Radio
Frequency Identification (RFID) is a technology that has proved its importance
over the years with ever increasing research and advancements in place.
Applications of RFID are exploited in many different industries ranging from
Supply Chain and Retail to applications in Medicine and Military. This paper
presents an algorithmic technique for indoor localization using Passive RFID
Technology. A mathematical explanation of the algorithm is explained with
simulated results of positioning accuracy. Hardware design and implementation
methodology is discussed afterwards. The application usage of this technique
can be in areas of medicine and the retail sector.
09:20 Tea/Coffee Break
09:40 D01.5 PAPER-BASED, INKJET-PRINTED,
TEXT-MEANDERED UHF RESONANT ANTENNAS FOR RFID APPLICATIONS
In
this paper different antennas manufacturing and designing techniques are
combined with the aim of building useful radiators resonating in the UHF band.
The meander lines techniques is exploited in this work with the exception of
letters as meander elements. The technologically advanced and already well
established silver inkjet printing technique is used for antenna realization.
An unusual paper-based substrate is chosen, according with the concepts to
lower costs, simplify fabrication procedures and advance usability, towards the
realization of antenna for RFID applications. All design phases are discussed
and a complete test of the proposed antennas is performed.
10:00 D01.6 METALLIC LETTER IDENTIFICATION BASED ON
RADAR APPROACH
A. Vena, T. Singh, S. Tedjini, E. Perret, Grenoble-Inp LCIS, Valence, France
A
new concept of letter identification by use of RF wave is presented in this
paper. Since letters have various shapes, their Electromagnetic signature can
be identified independently. To measure the electromagnetic signature of each
letter, a wideband measurement set-up has been used with a frequency span until
10 GHz. It is based on a bi-static radar system with a pulse generator as
source, compatible with UWB regulations, and a real time sampling oscilloscope
as receiver. The greatest interest of using metallic letters is based on
combining the visual identification, with the remote Electro Magnetic identification.
10:20 D01.7 A NOVEL XTEA BASED AUTHENTICATION PROTOCOL
FOR RFID SYSTEMS
G. N. Khan, F. Yuan, J. Yu, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
RFID
technology has been widely used in logistic, automation and authentication
applications. It still has many potential issues of privacy and security. We
present a novel XTEA encryption based authentication protocol. Analysis of its
security and privacy is performed using FPGA based prototyping. Different
attack models are implemented, and the results show that the protocol is robust
and safe against major attacks. The protocol is analyzed and compared with
other two similar protocols, Analysis of its performance as compared to related
works show its advantages in code size, clock cycle, communication cost and
scalability.
10:40 End of the Session
E01 – EMC Interactions in Complex Systems
Session Chairs: Flavio Canavero, Christopher Holloway
Session E01
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Monday, August 15, 08:00-10:40
Room Galata
08:00 E01.1 DEALING WITH COMPLEXITY IN EMC MODELLING
C. Christopoulos, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
The
paper addresses features of EMC making it a challenging modeling application.
These include the very broadband nature of the interactions encompassing
regions of non-linearity and uncertain parameter values; the inherent
uncertainties in geometrical configurations and dimensions of the multitude of
components; and the ubiquitous presence of multi-scale features. The challenge
is to address complexity without resorting to extremely lengthy computations
which require enormous computational resources and tedious, time consuming
problem definition and input data preparation. The emphasis of this paper is on
the embedding of macromodels to describe complex materials and the treatment of
uncertainties.
08:20 E01.2 MODELING COMPLEX SYSTEMS FOR EMC
APPLICATIONS BY CONSIDERING UNCERTAINTIES
The
objective of this work is to present a new approach to the random modeling of
complex systems in ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC). This contribution aims
to compute high orders statistics and study the impact of parameter
uncertainties on various EMC topics including transmission lines, radiation and
immunity problems. The agreement between results from the Stochastic
Collocation (SC) method and Monte-Carlo (MC) simulations guarantee the SC
accuracy and robustness. The combination of SC with computations from
analytical and tridimensional numerical models (Finite Difference in Time Domain)
underlines its advantages (efficiency, non-intrusive integration).
08:40 E01.3 ON THE USE OF THE MONTE CARLO METHOD FOR
ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD SIMULATION
A. Kreth, O. Doering, E. Genender, H. Garbe, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Hannover, Germany
The
knowledge of electromagnetic interferences plays a significant role in todays
research and development. However, the actual realization of large systems may
vary or even be unknown. Hence, the electromagnetic field of the system has to
be estimated statistically. Therefore this work describes how a statistical
field simulation of the electromagnetic field of the system can be accomplished
by modeling the system with subsystems and varying the parameters of these
subsystems.
09:00 E01.4 STATISTICAL ESTIMATION OF ANTENNA GAIN
FROM MEASUREMENTS CARRIED OUT IN A MODE-STIRRED REVERBERATION CHAMBER
C. Lemoine, E. Amador, P. Besnier, J. Sol, J.-M. Floc'h, IETR / INSA de Rennes, Rennes, France; A. Laisne, DGA - TA, Balma, France
This
paper proposes for the first time a method for estimating the gain of an
antenna in a mode-stirred reverberation chamber. The method is based on the
estimation of the Ricean K-factor which provides the relative transmitting
power level of the line-of-sight path. Experimental results are compared with
anechoic chamber measurements using a set of different antennas.
09:20 Tea/Coffee Break
09:40 E01.5 MEASUREMENT OF SHIELDING EFFECTIVENESS OF
ELECTRICALLY SMALL ENCLOSURES
In
the following we propose a technique for determining the shielding
effectiveness of an electrically small enclosure with an electrically small
aperture. In particular, we use this technique to explore the shielding
characteristics of a rectangular box used to shield devices. Measurement and
simulation results are presented in order to validate the technique and to show
that, when a source is placed inside the box, different aperture shapes on the
face of the enclosure will produce different internal and external field
patterns, and have different shielding characteristics.
10:00 E01.6 NUMERICAL ELECTROMAGNETIC MODELING OF
CHEMICAL PLANTS FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF RADIO FREQUENCY IGNITION HAZARDS
G. Spadacini, S. A. Pignari, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
In
this work, electromagnetic simulation of electrically-large chemical plants is
used to investigate RF ignition hazards. The proposed analysis is aimed at
refining results and procedures detailed in the European Standard CLC/TR 50427,
which foresees the use of elemental antennas (loops and half-wave dipoles) for
the estimation, via closed-form approximated formulas, of the RF power induced
by an impinging electromagnetic field.
10:20 E01.7 MODELING OF THE ELECTROMAGNETIC COUPLING
TO ELECTRO-EXPLOSIVE DEVICES
In
this work, we present a general methodology for modeling the coupling of
electromagnetic fields with electro-explosive devices (EEDs). We discuss the
assumptions and the necessary conditions to achieve the maximization of
electromagnetic response of a canonical EED. The product of the EED (E being
the electric field and the duration) is presented as a means for determining
the electromagnetic environment that could lead to its activation from an
external impinging electromagnetic field.
10:40 End of the Session
F01 – State-of-the-Art Developments in Propagation and Remote sensing
Session Chairs: Madhu Chandra, Roger Lang
Session F01
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Monday, August 15, 08:00-10:40
Room Haliç
08:00 F01.1 RADIOMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING OF THE
ENVIRONMENT
R. H. Lang, George Washington Uniiversity, Washington, Dc, United States
Three
new L band passive satellite missions to measure sea surface salinity and soil
moisture are reviewed. The first is the ESA Soil Moisture Ocean Salinity (SMOS)
satellite. It features the first spaceborne synthetic aperture antenna with
enhanced resolution and multiple incident angle looks. The second is the NASA
Aquarius mission to sense sea surface salinity with a 0.2psu accuracy and an
on-board radar to correct for surface roughnesss. The last is NASAs Soil
Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission to measure soil moisture with a 6m mesh
antenna for increased resolution and a radar to enhance its performance.
08:20 F01.2 RF ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS IN A RURAL
ENVIRONMENT
Radioelectrical
power measurements taken in the 20 MHz - 3 GHz frequency band in a typical
rural environment are presented. They show that the spectrum is very clean
outside frequency band allocated to land, aeronautical and maritime
radiocommunication and more particularly in frequency bands allocated to
radio-astronomy, spatial research, remote sensing, radio navigation. They show
that the site environment does not suffer from strong electromagnetic fields
able to create non linearity in the relevant frequency band. Calculated to the
antenna level, electric fields are weak compared to standard limit values legal
in France and in the European Union.
08:40 F01.3 JOINT ANALYSIS OF RADIO FREQUENCY
INTERFERENCE FROM SMOS MEASUREMENTS AND FROM AIRBORNE OBSERVATIONS
M. Aksoy, J. Park, J. T. Johnson, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
The
Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission has been providing L-band
brigthness temperatures since November 2009. However, SMOS has been affected by
significant levels of radio frequency interference. Since SMOS has a single
frequency channel and low time resolution, RFI mitigation is a challenging problem
especially for low level RFI. In this paper, possible RFI detection strategies
using SMOS full polarimetric data are discussed by utilizing an airborne
campaign called SMAPVEX08. The results suggest that polarimetry can be used as
an indication of some RFI sources although it may not reflect RFI
characteristics in general.
09:00 F01.4 CHARACTERIZATION OF RADAR TARGETS BASED ON
ULTRA WIDEBAND POLARIMETRIC TRANSIENT SIGNATURES
H.-S. Lui, M. Persson, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
Resonance
based target recognition has been well studied for the last three decades. The
purely target dependent natural resonant frequencies are used as a feature set
for target classification. Such technique may fail if the targets of interest
have similar or almost the same resonant frequencies. In this paper, the idea
of using the polarimetric features at the resonant frequencies is investigated
and demonstrated via numerical examples.
09:20 Tea/Coffee Break
09:40 F01.5 GLOBAL MAPPING OF RAINFALL FROM TRMM RADAR
LINKING GROUND BASED RADARS AND IN-SITU OBSERVATIONS
Tropical
Rainfall measuring Mission Precipitation Radar is known to be the first
spaceborne observation platform for mapping precipitation over the tropics.
TRMM measured rainfall is important in order to study the precipitation
distribution. Ground validation is a critical important component in TRMM
system. However, the ground sensing systems have different sampling and
observation characteristics from TRMM. In this paper a novel hybrid Neural
Network model is presented to train ground radars for rainfall estimation using
rain gauge data and subsequently using the trained ground radar rainfall
estimation to train TRMM PR based Neural networks, to create Global maps of
precipitation.
10:00 F01.6 COMPACT SUB MILLIMETER WAVELENGTH
HETERODYNE RADIOMETER FOR ARRAYS
We
present a very compact frontend radiometer at 300-360 GHz, which requires a
local oscillator power at 60 GHz. A single receiver element is developed to fit
n x m element 2D focal plane array, where n and m > 2. This element array is
packaged in a block with a cuboid outline. The attractiveness of this
configuration is that the input/output of the receiver are contained within the
footprint of the antenna, therefore a full two-dimensional array is possible.
10:20 F01.7 REFLECTION ON CURVED SURFACES IN A 2.5D
RAY-TRACING METHOD FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES EXPOSURE PREDICTION IN URBAN AREAS
N. Noe, CSTB, Nantes, France; F. Gaudaire, CSTB, Grenoble, France
Asymptotic
methods are commonly used to predict exposure to electromagnetic waves in large
environments such as urban areas. Specifically 2D beam-tracing is a very
efficient solution in case of GIS 2.5D environments. Nevertheless taking into
account reflection on curved vertical walls or curved ground in such methods is
not straightforward. Indeed curved surfaces are mostly described as meshes and
lead to artificial shadowing and inaccurate electric field estimation. We
explain here how to avoid such problems without modifying existing geometry by
using normal interpolation in a generalized beam-tracing technique, and present
results for some real cases.
10:40 End of the Session
G01 – Open Session and Latest Results I
Session Chairs: Paul Cannon, Michael Rietveld
Session G01
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Monday, August 15, 08:00-10:40
Room Topkapi A
08:00 G01.1 HOW IS THE IONOSPHERE DRIVEN BY THE
MAGNETOSPHERE?
In
the ionospheric community, the electric field is often considered the driver of
the ionospheric motion. We demonstrates from theoretical points of view that
the electric field cannot be the driver of the motion. Instead, the electric
field is a result, not the cause, of the motion. The causal relationship can be
clearly understood in particular in dynamic processes and in heating processes.
We call for a review and correction of the misused concept of electric field
being a driver of motion and in particular the incorrect concept of penetration
electric field.
08:20 G01.2 MULTI-INSTRUMENT OBSERVATIONS OF AN MSTID
OVER ARECIBO OBSERVATORY
The
Penn State All-Sky Imager (PSASI) at Arecibo Observatory provides planar
horizontal context to the vertical ionospheric profiles obtained by the
Incoherent Scatter Radar (ISR). Electric field measurements from the
Communication/Navigation Outage Forecast System (C/NOFS) satellite are mapped
down geomagnetic field lines to the height of the airglow layer, allowing multi-instrument
studies of field-aligned irregularities with radar, imager, and satellite. A
Medium-Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbance (MSTID) was observed during such
a conjunction near the December solstice of 2009.
08:40 G01.3 EQUATORIAL COUNTER ELECTROJETS:- AN
INVESTIGATION USING THE GROUND BASED OPTICAL AND RADIO PROBING TECHNIQUES.
This
study presents the behavior of daytime zonal wind and OH temperature at upper
mesospheric altitudes during afternoon Equatorial Counter Electrojet (CEJ)
events over a dip equatorial station, Trivandrum (8.5oN, 76.5oE, 0.5oN dip
lat.) in India. The measurements were carried out using a unique
Multiwavelength Dayglow Photometer (MWDPM), Meteor Wind Radar and Proton
Precession Magnetometers. It is observed that during the CEJ events: (i) zonal
wind at 98 km exhibits an eastward acceleration and (ii) the mesopause
undergoes a cooling, which in turn is proportional to the strength of CEJ. The
paper discusses these results in detail.
09:00 G01.4 LONG-DISTANCE PROPAGATION EFFECTS IN THE
HF SIGNALS FROM DIFFERENT HEATING FACILITIES OBSERVED WITH USING PASSIVE
DOPPLER SOUNDING EQUIPMENT AT IRKUTSK
We
present the first observation results of long-distance propagation effects of
short radio waves at pump frequency, observed by passive Doppler sounding
equipment at Irkutsk during heating facilities operation. We demonstrate two
effects: dependence of the received signal amplitude on the propagation path
during power-stepping mode and difference between experimental observations and
propagation expectations according to our model.
09:20 Tea/Coffee Break
09:40 G01.5 VARIATIONAL METHODS IN IONOSPHERIC RAY
TRACING
C. J. Coleman, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
Ray
tracing is an important tool in the study of radio wave propagation. In
particular, numerical solutions to the Haselgrove ray equations have proven to
be one of the most useful techniques for ray tracing in the ionosphere.
Haselgrove equations are differential equations that are derived from Fermats
principle which also provides a variational equation for ray tracing. The
present paper will discuss the problems of directly solving Fermats principle and
describe some recent work that has led to a successful variational approach to
ionospheric ray tracing with magneto-ionic effects included.
10:00 G01.6 USE OF A DRM MODULATION TO STUDY THE
IONOSPHERE
The
aim of this article is to introduce a technology of investigation of the
ionosphere based on reception of a numerical broadcasting fixed link at 6.085
MHz using the DRM (Digital Radio Mondiale) modulation properties as an
opportunistic ionospheric sounder. The analysis used tools are Dream and
SpectrumLab software. Observations are accomplished at the same time in narrow
band (2Hz) and in wide band (10 kHz). They are presented by dopplergram.
Different ionospheric characteristic events are observed in narrow band
(typical figures, scattering, absorption, gravity waves) and in large band
(selective fading, scattering, absorption). Different typical examples are
presented.
10:20 G01.7 THE EFFECT OF IONOSPHERIC SCINTILLATION ON
PHASE GRADIENT AUTOFOCUS PROCESSING OF SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR
This
paper considers the effects of scintillation (variations in amplitude and
phase) on a narrow band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) that utilizes the
phase-gradient autofocus (PGA) method that attempts to compensate for the
effects of phase errors across the synthetic aperture. The multiple phase
screen (MPS) technique is used to model the effects of amplitude and phase
scintillation for a spotlight-mode SAR operating in the equatorial region.
Examples are presented of the performance of SAR/PGA for values of the
decorrelation distance and scintillation index that represent natural
ionospheric scintillation at UHF.
10:40 End of the Session
H01 – Nonlinear Waves and Turbulence in Plasmas
Session Chairs: Meers Oppenheim, Hideyuki Usui, David Shklyar
Session H01
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Monday, August 15, 08:00-10:40
Room Topkapi B
08:00 H01.1 SAID-RELATED NONLINEAR WAVE EFFECTS
E. Mishin, Air Force Research Laboratory, Space vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA, United States
We
present recent observations from the Cluster spacecraft that have shown that
excitation of lower hybrid/fast magnetosonic waves plays the fundamental role
in SAID formation. The SAID channel is a turbulent plasmaspheric boundary layer
formed via a short circuit of substorm-injected plasma jets. Nonlinear
wave-particle interactions provide fast magnetic diffusion at the leading front
and define the circuit's anomalous resistivity, similar to the well-documented
plasmoid-magnetic barrier problem. Mainly gradient-drift and current-driven
instabilities operate near the outer boundary of the SAID channel, while
anisotropic ion-driven processes dominate near the inner boundary.
08:20 H01.2 SOLITON MODEL FOR BROADBAND ELECTROSTATIC
NOISE
Generation
of broadband electrostatic noise (BEN) in the plasma sheet boundary layer
(PSBL) by electron-acoustic solitons and double layers is proposed. PSBL is
treated as multi-component magnetized plasma consisting of background
electrons, counter-streaming electron beams and ions. Theoretical model is
based on multi-fluid and Poisson equations and uses Sagdeev pseudo-potential
technique. For PSBL plasma parameters, during BEN event observed by Cluster on
22 September 2004, the model predicts solitons/double layer with electric field
(0.01-30) mV/m. The proposed model can be good candidate for explaining the
generation of BEN in the PSBL.
08:40 H01.3 ELECTRON ACOUSTIC SOLITONS IN THE PRESENCE
OF AN ELECTRON BEAM AND SUPERTHERMAL ELECTRONS
Existence
of arbitrary amplitude electron acoustic solitons is studied in an unmagnetized
plasma having cold electrons and ions, superthermal hot electrons and an
electron beam. Using Sagdeev pseudo potential method, theoretical analysis is
carried out by assuming superthermal hot electrons having kappa distribution.
The results show that inclusion of beam alters the minimum value of spectral
index and Mach number for which electron-acoustic solitons can exist. For the
auroral region parameters, the maximum electric field amplitudes and soliton
widths are found in the range ~ (100-400) mV/m and ~ (314-515) m, respectively.
09:00 H01.4 VLF AND HF PLASMA WAVES ASSOCIATED WITH
SPREAD-F PLASMA DEPLETIONS OBSERVED ON THE C/NOFS SATELLITE
The
C/NOFS spacecraft frequently encounters structured plasma depletions associated
with equatorial spread-F along its trajectory that varies between 401 km
perigee and 867 km apogee in the low latitude ionosphere. We report two classes
of plasma waves detected with the Vector Electric Field Investigation (VEFI) in
the VLF and HF frequency regimes that appear when the plasma frequency is less
than the electron gyro frequency, as is common in spread-F depletions where the
plasma number density typically decreases below 104/cm3.
09:20 Tea/Coffee Break
09:40 H01.5 3D SIMULATIONS OF FARLEY-BUNEMAN
TURBULENCE DEMONSTRATES ANOMALOUS ELECTRON HEATING
M. M. Oppenheim, Y. S. Dimant, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
Field
aligned currents flow from the magnetosphere to the E-region ionosphere where
they drive the intense currents of the auroral electrojet. These currents often
cause Farley-Buneman (FB) instabilities to develop and become turbulent. The
resulting electron density irregularities affect ionospheric conductivity,
temperatures, and radio wave propagation. We will discuss 3-D PIC simulations
showing intense anomalous electron heating due to turbulence, a phenomena
clearly observed by radars. These simulations also show the saturated amplitude
of the waves; coupling between modes; the evolution from by shorter to longer
wavelengths; and dominant phase velocities at close to the acoustic speed.
10:00 H01.6 NONLINEAR, INTERMITTENT E-REGION
IRREGULARITIES: WHAT DO WE REALLY KNOW?
A. M. Hamza, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
One
of the most fundamental challenges of ionospheric physics is to explain why the
largest amplitude structures tend to move at phase speeds that do not exceed on
average the linear theory threshold? To provide a solution one has to rely on
nonlinear theory in order to study the development and evolution of nonlinear
ionospheric structures. We propose to study the development and evolution of
nonlinear, large-amplitude, intermittent E-region plasma structures. We will
set up the analytical model, and compare the predictions of the model to
ionospheric E-region experimental observations.
10:20 H01.7 TOWARDS A POSSIBLE RESOLUTION OF THE
150-KM RIDDLE
High-resolution
incoherent scatter radar Faraday rotation and digital ionosonde data from
Jicamarca indicating the presence of km-scale electron density variations in
the equatorial upper E-region will be presented and discussed in relation to
the generation mechanisms of meter-scale field-aligned density fluctuations known
as 150-km irregularities. The km-scale density variations are likely to be a
consequence of gravity-wave imposed dynamics of the geomagnetically constrained
plasma in the region. This conjecture is supported by the gravity-wave-period
oscillations and downward phase progression of intensity variations of
meter-scale waves observed in the region.
10:40 End of the Session
J01 – Low Frequency Radio Astronomy I – (LOFAR, LWA, MWA, GMRT, any other)
Session Chairs: Colin Lonsdale, Mike Garrett
Session J01
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Monday, August 15, 08:00-10:40
Room Marmara
08:00 J01.1 LONG WAVELENGTH RADIO SCIENCE:
INSPIRATIONS FROM ASTRONOMY
R. Subrahmanyan, Raman Research Institute, Bangalore, India
The
last decade has been witness to precision cosmology via measurements of the
cosmic microwave background. More recently, the window of exploration and
discovery in radio astronomy has moved to long wavelengths where solutions to
frontier problems in many areas of astrophysics have vital clues. A key science
is the detection of trace spatial and spectral signatures in the sky brightness
at long wavelengths arising from events at the cosmic dawn that are associated
with the formation of first stars and galaxies and their impact on the gas. I
review astrophysics that inspires innovation in long wavelength radio science.
08:20 J01.2 CALIBRATION CHALLENGES FOR LOW FREQUENCY
RADIO ASTRONOMY
W. D. Cotton, National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, VA, United Statesj
A
major challenge for all high resolution low frequency radio astronomy is
measuring and removing the effects of the ionosphere. The isoplanatic patch
size for frequencies below a few hundred MHz is generally much smaller than the
field of view. In addition, aperture arrays have beams on the sky which vary
dramatically with observing geometry. These beams require careful calibration
to be stable and known in order to allow imaging. Various approaches to these
problems will be discussed.
08:40 J01.3 SITE REQUIREMENTS AND CHALLENGES FOR LOW
FREQUENCY RADIO OBSERVATIONS
R. P. Millenaar, SPDO, Manchester, United Kingdom
Observing
the early universe, in particular detecting the signature of the EOR is an
important science target for the SKA and other new radio telescopes. These high
redshift observations require excellent performance at low frequencies, as low
as 50 MHz. Observations will be carried out in a crowded part of the radio
spectrum, even at the very radio-quiet sites that are considered. Propagation
of RFI at these frequencies can be highly variable and the influence of the
ionosphere on propagation is felt strongly in this frequency range. An overview
of issues and challenges is presented.
09:00 J01.4 WIDEBAND LOW FREQUENCY ANTENNAS FOR RADIO
ASTRONOMY ARRAYS
Antennas
in the frequency range 10 to 300 MHz are being designed with all-sky coverage,
a low response at the horizon to minimize interference from terrestrial
sources, negligible ground loss and a good low noise match to the low noise
amplifier. Other features include low cost, dual polarization and good performance
over more than an octave bandwidth. Extending the antenna performance over a
wider frequency range and accurate calibration are remaining challenges.
Modeling of the antenna and its associated low noise amplifier shows promise as
a method of improving calibration accuracy.
09:20 Tea/Coffee Break
09:40 J01.5 LOFAR: A POWERFUL AND FLEXIBLE OBSERVATORY
FOR PULSARS AND FAST TRANSIENTS
LOFAR
is a sparse aperture array radio telescope that can observe from 10-240MHz -
i.e. the lowest radio frequencies observable from Earth. Construction of the
LOFAR core is all but complete and regular observations of pulsars and other
rapidly varying radio sources have begun. With it's huge field-of-view,
flexible multi-beaming capabilities, and large collecting area, LOFAR promises
to revolutionize observations of transient radio phenomena with durations of
nanoseconds to years. Here we highlight a few of the most recent LOFAR pulsar
observations, which demonstrate that the system is already producing
science-quality data.
10:00 J01.6 THE LOFAR MAGNETISM KEY SCIENCE PROJECT
The
low frequencies observed by the LOFAR telescope make it a unique probe of weak
magnetic fields in the Universe. I will describe the LOFAR Magnetism Key
Science Project (MKSP) and give an overview of some of the key science drivers
which motivate this KSP. I will describe the observational techniques being
utilised to recover polarization and magnetism information with LOFAR and show
some of the early results from the KSP commissioning.
10:20 J01.7 DETECTING THE EOR WITH LOFAR: STEPS ALONG
THE ROAD
In
December 2010 we started observations with a partially completed LOFAR, to
prepare ourselves for the calibration and processing of deep (hundreds of
hours) integrations in a number of Galactic halo windows. These observations
are aimed at detecting the redshifted 21cm signals from the Epoch of
Reionization using the LOFAR HBA antennas (115-190 MHz, z=11.4 6.3). Two fields
have been observed for about a dozen nights in the Spring of 2011. The data
have been mostly processed on a dedicated EoR-project cluster. Some results and
first conclusions from the analysis of these data is presented.
10:40 End of the Session
Session Chairs: Lluis Mir, P. Thomas Vernier
Session K01
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Monday, August 15, 08:00-10:40
Room Loft
08:00 K01.1 MODELING ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD EFFECTS IN
A BIOCHEMICAL REACTION: UNDERSTANDING REACTIVITY INHIBITION DUE TO THE MAGNETIC
FIELD
In
this work we have used MD simulations combined with quantum mechanical
calculations to model the spin state relaxation of a common biochemical
reaction utilized for an experimental study on magnetic field effects. Data
clearly show that a 0.2T static magnetic field strongly inhibits the spin
relaxation process avoiding the 1 triplet to singlet state transitions. Such a
result sheds light on the atomistic mechanism of the magnetic field effects and
opens the way to further investigations possibly leading to a detailed
description of the complex biochemical-biophysical processes involved in the
interaction between EM-fields and biomolecular systems.
08:20 K01.2 THE ROLE OF WATER NEAR CHARGED INTERFACES:
MOLECULAR DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES IN PRESENCE OF HIGH
INTENSE ELECTRIC FIELDS
Because
of its central role in basically all aspects of science, water is certainly one
of the most extensively investigated substances. Moreover, the characterization
of liquids and solutions under the effect of external electric fields is a long
standing and challenging field of investigation for both theoretical and
experimental approaches. In this work the behavior of water near charged
interfaces has been evaluated considering two different cases: an ion in
aqueous solution and a macromolecule of DNA. The methodology used is based on
atomistic simulations, specifically adapted to account for the presence of
exogenous electric fields.
08:40 K01.3 STRUCTURE AND ELECTROPORATION OF LIPID
BILAYERS: A MOLECULAR DYNAMICS STUDY
Pore
formation in lipid bilayers subjected to a transverse electric field is studied
by means of Molecular Dynamics simulations of
1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DOPC). The physical
characteristics of the lipid membrane are crucial to understand the
electroporation conditions. For example, addition of cholesterol (Chol) causes
a substantial increment of membrane cohesion that results in an increase of the
minimum electric field needed for membrane permeabilization. Instead, dimethyl
sulfoxide (DMSO) is known to produce an opposite effect on membrane properties
by increasing its fluidity and disorder that may open the possibility to
facilitate the membrane electroporation process.
09:00 K01.4 NANOSECOND (GIGAHERTZ) AND MICROSECOND
(MEGAHERTZ) PULSED ELECTRIC FIELD INTERACTIONS WITH CELL MEMBRANES
P. T. Vernier, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
High-intensity
nanosecond pulsed electric fields permeabilize cell membranes, restructure
phospholipid bilayers, cause intracellular calcium release, depolarize
mitochondrial membranes, and induce apoptosis. Molecular simulations reveal the
mechanism for the electric field-driven reorganization of phospholipid head
groups and water molecules that results in the formation of membrane-spanning
water bridges and conductive pores. Progress has been made in taking nanosecond
electric pulses to the clinic for the treatment of skin cancers and other
lesions, but a deeper understanding of the underlying biophysical phenomena
will facilitate the application of this technology in cancer therapeutics
through non-thermal, minimally scarring tumor ablation.
09:20 Tea/Coffee Break
09:40 K01.5 EXPOSURE OF CELLS IN SUSPENSION USING
NANOSECOND DURATION ELECTRIC PULSES - DETECTION OF PERMEABILISATION BY CLONING
EFFICIENCY TESTS: RESULTS AND ARTIFACTS.
A. Silve, L. M. Mir, CNRS UMR 8203, Villejuif, France
Intense
(several MV/m) nanosecond duration electric pulses can induce damages on cells
external membrane which can be detected by direct cell killing or by the uptake
of non permeant molecules. We detail here the methodology to carry out those
experiments, drawing the attention to exposure artifacts that demonstrate the
importance of the implementation of a metrology specific to the ultrashort
pulses.
10:00 K01.6 AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF
TEMPERATURE CHANGES DURING ELECTROPORATION
P. A. Garcia, R. E. Neal II, M. B. Sano, R. V. Davalos, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
Electroporation
uses short, pulsed electric fields to induce a cellular transmembrane potential
that results in increased cellular permeability. When performed irreversibly,
it results in cell death while leaving the extracellular matrix and other
sensitive structures intact. These electric fields result in thermal effects to
the affected tissues due to resistive heating. We measure this heating extent
in an ex-vivo canine brain by recording temperature changes in real time.
Temperatures were measured at three locations near the electrodes. Thermal
damage was evaluated using the Arrhenius equation. This study experimentally
shows that typical electroporation protocols result in negligible thermal
damage.
10:20 K01.7 ELECTROCHEMOTHERAPY
L. M. Mir, CNRS, Villejuif, France
Electrochemotherapy
is a new antitumor strategy based on the delivery of short (100 microseconds)
electric pulses and non-permeant anticancer drugs such as bleomycin. The
electric pulses, which must cover the whole of the tumor volume, make permeable
the cell membrane and allow the unrestricted penetration of the drug.
Electrochemotherapy is a safe, very efficient and cost-effective treatment
which is spreading in the EU for the treatment of cutaneous and subcutaneous
lesions of any histological origin. The bases, indications and present clinical
trials, targeting internal and deep-seated tumors, will be reported.
10:40 End of the Session
Session Chair: Karl Langenberg
Session BT
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Monday, August 15, 09:40-10:40
Room Anadolu Auditorium
09:40 BT.1 PASSIVE AND ACTIVE METAMATERIAL CONSTRUCTS
AND THEIR IMPACT ON ELECTRICALLY SMALL RADIATING AND SCATTERING SYSTEMS
R. W. Ziolkowski, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
In
the last decade, the metamaterials field has enabled numerous exciting
electromagnetic advances. Exotic physics properties have led to the engineering
of metamaterials and metamaterial-inspired structures for a variety of
applications, including the miniaturization of resonators and their use for
improving the performance characteristics of electrically small antennas and
optical scatterers. Active metamaterial constructs have been introduced to
increase the bandwidths at low frequencies and to overcome losses at high
frequencies. The theoretical designs of many of these highly subwavelength
systems and their simulated performance characteristics have been confirmed
experimentally. These concurrences between theory and experiment will be
highlighted.
10:40 End of the Session
Session Chair: Madhu Chandra
Session GL1
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Monday, August 15, 11:00-12:00
Room Anadolu Auditorium
11:00 GL1.1 SMOS: FROM REQUIREMENTS TO RESULTS VIA RADIO SCIENCE
Y. Kerr, CESBIO, Toulouse, France
It
is well established that data on soil moisture and sea surface salinity are
required to improve meteorological and climatic predictions. These two
quantities are not yet available globally or with adequate temporal sampling.
It is within this framework that the European Space Agency (ESA) selected the
Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission as its second Earth Explorer
Opportunity Mission. SMOS is a very novel instrument and is based on a passive
microwave interferometer (as in radioastronomy) operating at L band (1.4 GHz)
Since the 2nd of November, 2009, date of its launch, SMOS observations have
provided an unprecedented maximum spatial resolution of 50 km at L-band over
land, together with multi-angular fully polarized brightness temperatures over
the globe. SMOS has a revisit time of less than 3 days which permits the
retrieval of soil moisture and ocean salinity data in accordance to the
mission’s science objectives. Now, after the commissioning phase and more than
one year of operations, SMOS is entering the phase in which the retrieval
algorithms stabilises and new applications can be derived from the SMOS data
over land, all leading logically to a better management of water resources.
Currently, the main applications tackled are flood monitoring and risks
forecasting, drought monitoring and potential forecasting with associated fire
risks. Using some specific sites, we are also considering applications in terms
of water management (i.e., irrigation monitoring) as well as ways to
disaggregate SMOS data into finer scales. However, the SMOS data is hampered by
radio-frequency interferences (RFI), and the whole team is working to deal with
this issue. During the presentation, an update of the SMOS mission and results
will be presented together with new results and a glimpse of those potential
applications. We will also depict the RFI issue as well as other similar
missions to be launched (Aquarius and SMAP).
12:00 End of the Session
A02 – Fractals - Design and Measurement
Session Chair: William Davis
Session A02
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Monday, August 15, 13:40-15:40
Room Dolmabahçe C
13:40 A02.1 HILBERT CURVE FRACTAL ANTENNA FOR WLAN APPLICATION
R. M. Haridas, J. Chandwani, P. Musale, S. V. Khobragade, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technolgogical University Lonere, Raigad, Mangaon, India; V. R. Anitha, Sree Vidyaniketan College of Engineering Tirupati, Tirupati, India
In
this paper we propose the fractal antenna using Hilbert Curve. The purpose of
this paper is to design the Hilbert curve fractal antenna WLAN application at
5GHz frequency. Theoretical performance of this antenna has been calculated and
presented in the paper. Simulation results show that the antenna have multiband
resonate behavior. The results have shown that this antenna has acceptable
performance that is VSWR ≤ 2 and return loss ≤ -10dB. This feature
provides antenna designer with more degree of freedom and makes the proposed
antenna suitable for use in modern multifunction communication system.
14:00 A02.2 STUDY OF SIERPINSKI CARPET FRACTAL ANTENNA
In
the today‟s world of communication, low cost of fabrication and low
profile features of microstrip antennas, attract many researchers to
investigate the performance of this antenna . Carpet antenna is new member in
the antenna family. They have peculiar properties that make them suitable for
applications where wideband, multiband and frequency independence are important
parameters of the overall performance. Fractal technology allowed us to design
miniature antennas and integrate multiple telecommunication services into a
single device. The design of carpet antenna with multiple bands for the
services viz. WLAN, satellite and Laser communications is studied in this
paper.
14:20 A02.3 TRIPLE BAND FRACTAL UWB ANTENNA USING U
AND C SLOT FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION
Fractal
UWB antenna with triple band for wireless communication system is designed. U
slot is inserted in the original patch to generate second resonant at 5.0
(GHz). Another C-slot is inserted to generate 5.7 (GHz) third band. This system
may include various application such as GPS, wireless local-area network (WLAN)
and Hiper LAN. Four iterations of fractal wide band antenna are arranged and
examined. With this structure the designed antenna has operating frequency of 1.8-GHz,5.0-GHz
and 5.7GHz with acceptable bandwidth of 80%,30%,3% and S11<-10dB
(VSWR<2).
14:40 A02.4 PROXIMITY-COUPLED NOVEL DESIGN OF FRACTAL
TREE ANTENNA MINIATURIZATION
In
this paper, for more antenna miniaturization, we present Novel fractal tree
geometry that allows decrease in resonance frequency without occupying more
space. For improving inherently narrow bandwidth of Fractal antenna
Proximity-coupled feed is implemented. Proposed Fractal Tree antenna is
designed for 2.4 GHz, 3.6 GHz. The -10 dB return loss bandwidth could reach
about 9.5% for 2.4 GHz band and 31.5% for 3.6 GHz band, which meet required
bandwidth specification of 2.4/3.6 GHz WLAN standard. Radiation pattern of
fractal antenna is nearly omnidirectional in azimuth plane throughout operating
frequency.
15:00 A02.5 STUDY OF SIERPINSKI TRIANGLE GASKET BY USING STRIP FEEDING
A. Lale, B. Khiste, G. Burshe, S. Khobragade, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University,Lonere, Maharashtra, India; V. R. Anitha, Sree Vidyaniketan College of Engineering Tirupati, Tirupati, India
A
Sierpinski triangle gasket antenna are developed to achieve a suitable
bandwidth for wireless communication This triangle gasket, having size of
4.732cm 4.732cm 4.732cm which are an equilateral triangle used low dielectric
constant substrates with strip feeds to achieve the required bandwidth. Four
such strip feeds iterations are used to achieve bandwidth with return
loss<-10dB, VSWR<2 One advantage observed here at low frequencies the
triangle gives good radiation pattern The antenna has been designed for
operation at WLAN/WiMAX (2.4GHz) and WiMAX (3.5GHz) and also in RADAR for
ultra-wide bandwidth applications.
15:20 A02.6 STUDY OF KOCH MONOPOLE FRACTAL ANTENNA
In
this work, the design of Koch monopole fractal antenna to be used in wireless
communications at the ISM frequency band is presented. Antenna's shape and
dimensions are optimized to achieve area minimization, by applying the
properties of fractal shapes at the radiating slots. The property of
self-similarity that fractal shapes possess has been successfully applied in
other types of antennas with great success. The effects of fractal
miniaturization in this type of antennas, mainly regarding the radiation
pattern, the antenna efficiency, and applicability of fractal shapes in design
of antenna for wireless communication systems are presented herein.
15:40 End of the Session
Session Chairs: Richard Ziolkowski, Nader Engheta, Christophe Caloz
Session BD1
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Monday, August 15, 13:40-17:20
Room Anadolu Auditorium
13:40 BD1.1 A GENERAL MACROSCOPIC ANISOTROPIC
REPRESENTATION FOR SPATIALLY DISPERSIVE MEDIA
It
is shown that any spatially and temporally dispersive bianisotropic material,
satisfying Maxwell's macroscopic equations for E and H in the Fourier transformed
space, can also be represented as an anisotropic material. Thus, for many
applications, magnetoelectric constitutive parameters can be avoided at the
macroscopic level.
14:00 BD1.2 CONSTRAINTS ON THE TEMPORAL DISPERSION OF
PASSIVE METAMATERIALS
M. Gustafsson, D. Sjoberg, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
Metamaterial
applications such as cloaking, perfect lenses, and artificial permeability are
restricted by the frequency dependence of the permittivity, permeability, and
index of refraction. Here, causality and passivity together with integral
identities for Herglotz functions are used to construct sum rules. The sum
rules relate the frequency dependence of the material parameters with their
high- and low-frequency values. The corresponding physical bounds determine the
minimum variations of the material parameters over a frequency interval. The
results are illustrated with a numerical example for artificial permeability.
14:20 BD1.3 METADISPERSION IN ANISOTROPIC AND
BIANISOTROPIC MEDIA
G. M. Sardi, F. Caminita, E. Martini, S. Maci, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
This
work presents an innovative method for the characterization of metamaterials
dispersion. The attention is focused on structures realized by stacks of planar
periodic surfaces. The analysis procedure subdivides the metamaterial into its
constituent planes, performing a full wave analysis of the single periodic structures,
and uses analytic formulas from Bloch theory to determine the dispersion
characteristics of the overall artificial medium. Physical properties of the
equivalent admittance matrix modeling the single planar sheets are exploited to
analytically describe the dispersion properties of the metamaterial in the
whole first Brillouin zone, starting from a limited number of full-wave
simulations.
14:40 BD1.4 AN EFFICIENT NUMERICAL APPROACH TO THE
ACCURATE ANALYSIS OF PROPAGATION AND RADIATION PHENOMENA IN METAMATERIAL
STRUCTURES
An
overview is presented of a novel implementation for the efficient analysis of
metamaterial structures embedded in layered media. Based on a suitable
mixed-potential integral-equation formulation, ad hoc acceleration procedures
for the periodic potentials (expressed through slowly-convergent series when
source and observation points lie in the same horizontal plane) have been
developed. The approach consists of an asymptotic extraction of
homogeneous-medium terms. Numerical results are shown, proving the
computational efficiency of this method and validating different types of
propagation and radiation features in metamaterial structures. Comparisons are
performed with commercial software and data from the literature.
15:00 BD1.5 AN APPROACH TO FINDING THE CORRECT BRANCH
FROM THE FOREST OF POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS FOR EXTRACTED EFFECTIVE MATERIAL
PARAMETERS
In
the classical Nicolson-Ross-Weir (NRW) electromagnetic material parameter
extraction technique the effective material parameters are obtained through
reflection and transmission measurements of a planar material sample. One of
the advantages of this technique is that it provides the result over a broad
frequency band with just one measurement. This technique, however, does not
provide us unambiguous results of the effective permittivity and permeability
but the correct solution needs to be found through an additional deduction
process. We present a derivative of the NRW extraction technique that can
overcome this problem related to the infinitely many solution branches.
15:20 BD1.6 TRANSFORMATION ELECTROMAGNETICS IN ANTENNA
ENGINEERING: THEORY AND IMPLEMENTATION
Y. Hao, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
Current
designs of electromagnetic cloaks are largely based on the use of metamaterials
and a technique called transformation optics/electromagnetics. Free space
cloaks require materials with extreme properties and, hence, they are difficult
to implement in practice. However, the theory of transformation
optics/electromagnetics offers a useful design tool for antenna engineers, and
enables them to develop novel antennas. In this paper, we will review some
research activities at Queen Mary, University of London, regarding applications
of transformation electromagnetics in the antenna and microwave engineering.
Design examples such as flat reflectors, lenses and sub-wavelength antennas
will be introduced.
15:40 Tea/Coffee Break
16:00 BD1.7 TRANSMISSION LINE BASED METAMATERIALS FOR
ACOUSTIC WAVES
We
present our recent work on a one-dimensional acoustic negative refractive index
metamaterial based on the concept of dual transmission line extensively
investigated in microwave engineering. The proposed structure consists of an
acoustic waveguide periodically loaded with membranes realizing the function of
series capacitances and transversally connected open channels realizing shunt
inductances. It exhibits a negative refractive index band over almost one
octave, from 0.6 to 1 kHz. Using formal analogies, we describe how simple
acoustic circuit models can be used for efficient design of metamaterials both
in terms of dispersion and impedance.
16:20 BD1.8 CHIRALITY AND BIANISOTROPY EFFECTS IN
PLASMONIC METASURFACES AND THEIR APPLICATION TO REALIZE ULTRATHIN OPTICAL
CIRCULAR POLARIZERS
A. Alu, Y. Zhao, X.-X. Liu, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
In
this paper we develop a rigorous analytical theory relating the effective
impedance of plasmonic metasurfaces to a generalized form of polarizability,
which compactly describes the electric, magnetic and magneto-electric response
of the individual inclusions and the overall array coupling. We apply this
theory to the design of plasmonic metasurfaces composed of lithographically
printed planar inclusions, showing that their inherent chiral and bianisotropic
response may be exploited to produce ultrathin optical circular polarizers.
Bianistropic effects, particularly relevant to enhance the response to
circularly polarized light, may be maximized in specific incidence planes, as a
function of the inclusion symmetries.
16:40 BD1.9 FIELD DISPLACEMENT IN A TRAVELING-WAVE
RING RESONATOR META-STRUCTURE
Field
displacement is demonstrated for the first-time in a non-molecular scale
structure, namely a metastructure composed of rings equipped with an isolator.
The structure is explained in terms of rotating magnetic dipole moments and
demonstrated to produce typical gyrotropic field displacement.
17:00 BD1.10 FROM ELECTRONICS TO METATRONICS TO
GRAPHENE METAMATERIALS
N. Engheta, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
We
discuss the concept of optical metatronics, i.e., metamaterial-inspired optical
nanocircuitry, in which the metamaterials and plasmonic optics can bring
together three fields of electronics, photonics and magnetics seamlessly under
one umbrella--a paradigm which I call the Unified Paradigm of Metatronics. We
present an overview of our most recent analytical, numerical and experimental
results in developing the optical metatronics. We also show how this concept
can be merged into the platform of graphene, leading to the possibility of
one-atom-thick infrared metamaterials and transformation optics. Future
directions in these topics will also be forecasted.
17:20 End of the Session
C02 – Advanced Architectures of High-Performance Power Amplifiers for Mobile Communications Systems
Session Chairs: Shoichi Narahashi, Nobuyuki Itoh
Session C02
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Monday, August 15, 13:40-15:40
Room Dolmabahçe A
13:40 C02.1 A CONCURRENT MULTI-BAND POWER AMPLIFIER
WITH COMPACT MATCHING NETWORKS
This
paper presents a novel configuration for a concurrent multi-band power
amplifier (PA). A multi-band matching network comprises a multi-section
impedance transformer that achieves matching in multiple bands. The proposed
impedance transformer provides flexibility in the design of a concurrent
multi-band PA in a wide frequency range. The impedance transformer is compact
since each section comprises a combination of a T-shaped network, a shunt tank
circuit, and a matching element. The proposed 1W-class dual-band PA achieves a
maximum power added efficiency of greater than 53% at 0.8 GHz and 3.3 GHz.
14:00 C02.2 BURST MODE OPERATION AS AN EFFICIENCY
ENHANCEMENT TECHNIQUE FOR RF POWER AMPLIFIERS
B. M. Francois, E. Kaymaksut, P. Reynaert, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
In
this paper, the Burst Mode operation is proposed as an efficiency enhancement
technique for RF power amplifiers. It presents an introduction of the burst
mode operation and the efficiency of Burst Mode RF power amplifiers is
summarily analyzed. The efficiency improvement for a wideband load and a narrow
band filter are both illustrated. To demonstrate the validity of the proposed
Burst Mode operation, a PCB-mounted Burst Mode PA using a LDMOS transistor has
been fabricated. Measurements show a peak efficiency of 78\% and 28.5dBm output
power and an efficiency of 49.5\% at 6dB power back-off.
14:20 C02.3 ASIC IMPLEMENTATION OF FREQUENCY DOMAIN
EQUALIZER FOR SINGLE CARRIER TRANSMISSION
Since
SC-FDE with MMSE operates at lower PAPR than OFDM, SC-FDE with MMSE is a main
candidate for uplink of cellular system such as LTE. In this paper, an ASIC chip
for the SC-FDE is implemented on TSMC 180 nm CMOS. The chip size is 5.86 mm^2.
The power consumption is 200 mW at data rate of 4.86 Mbit/s. In the condition
of 16 paths uniform power delay profile, at a BER of 10^-4, the degradation of
measured Eb/N0 from computer simulation is found to be less than 1 dB.
14:40 C02.4 A 3.5-GHZ BAND 140-W-CLASS WIDEBAND
FEED-FORWARD POWER AMPLIFIER FOR MOBILE BASE STATIONS
Y. Suzuki, J. Ohkawara, S. Narahashi, NTT DOCOMO, INC., Yokosuka, Japan
This
paper analyzes the characteristics when compensating for wideband
intermodulation distortion (IMD) components of a fabricated 3.5-GHz band 140-W
class feed-forward power amplifier (FFPA). The fabricated FFPA achieves the
bandwidths of 160 MHz and 120 MHz when compensating for the IMD components for
LTE signals with the bandwidths of 5 MHz and 20 MHz. Experimental and analysis
results show that the FFPA compensates for the wideband IMD components when the
IMD component compensation level is reduced. This paper shows that the FFPA is
a worthwhile linearizer that compensates for 3.5-GHz band wideband IMD
components.
15:00 C02.5 HAMMERSTEIN PREDISTORTER FOR HIGH POWER RF
AMPLIFIERS IN OFDM TRANSMITTERS
OFDM
(Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing) is a wideband digital modulation
scheme which is critically dependent on linearity in the hardware system, due
to its reliance on Fourier Transformation and its inherently high
peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), and minimization of nonlinearity is thus a
priority. In this paper the effectiveness of a predistortion based on the
Hammerstein model is investigated by measurement of Error Vector Magnitude
(EVM) in AWGN channel and Adjacent Channel Power Ratio (ACPR). Accuracy of
prediction of Power amplifier (PA) nonlinearity with memory effect and baseband
predistorter is investigated by the experimental results.
15:20 C02.6 ADAPTIVE BIAS LINC ARCHITECTURE FOR
WIRELESS TRANSMITTERS
S. Lin, A. E. Fathy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, United States
A
novel adaptive bias LInear amplification with Nonlinear Components (LINC)
transmitter is introduced and simulated. Where predistortion is applied to the
baseband signal; thus the bias of the high efficient power amplifier (PA) is
adaptively changed according to the envelop distribution of the modulated
baseband signal and the PA itself. This novel transmitter can simultaneously
achieve relatively high average efficiency and linearity even with a high
peak-to-average (PAR) signal. A comprehensive simulation framework has been
developed to validate this adaptive bias scheme with 16, 32, and 64 QAM
signals, which have higher than 5 dB PAR levels.
15:40 End of the Session
DB1: Modeling of High Frequency Devices and Circuits
Session Chairs: Peter Russer, Irsadi Aksun
Session DB1
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Monday, August 15, 13:40-17:20
Room Dolmabahçe B
13:40 DB1.1 VESELAGO-PENDRY SUPERLENS IMAGING MODELED
WITH A SPECTRAL WAVEGUIDE APPROACH
A
spectral waveguide model of a superlens imaging system is presented. This model
offers advantages in the analysis of dynamics and reality effects and in
accurate numerical simulation. Insights into the dynamic response of the
superlens, gained from both theoretical and numerical studies, are presented. The
effect of loss on the dynamic properties is investigated. In addition, the
proposed model leverages a wealth of expertise available for the design of
filters, artificial dielectrics and backward wave structures and could possibly
aid in the engineering of practical super-resolution imaging systems that will
be an enabling technology for future nanoelectronics systems.
14:00 DB1.2 LIQUID RF ANTENNAS, ELECTRONICS AND
SENSORS: A MODELING CHALLENGE
A. Traille, M. M. Tentzeris, Georgia Tech, Atlanta, United States
In
this paper we present a novel approach for the modeling of multi-phase liquid
RF electronics and sensors problems. The deployment of level-set based
multi-phase simulation could potentially lead to the development of a new
generation of computationally efficient approaches that could bridge the gap
between Maxwell and solid/liquid-interface equations. Numerous examples of
liquid antennas and solid/liquid wireless biosensors will be presented at the
conference to verify the accuracy and validity of the above approach in a
variety of liquid radio-frequency wearable, implantable and printable
topologies.
14:20 DB1.3 SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL MODELING OF FEW-CYCLE
TI:SAPPHIRE LASERS
In
few-cycle Kerr-lens mode-locked Ti:sapphire lasers, the laser crystal is
exposed to extremely high intensities which can induce crystal damage. Modeling
of the intracavity pulse dynamics can deepen the understanding of the different
phenomena contributing to damage and how to best optimize the laser
performance. We present a one-dimensional laser model based on dispersion
managed mode-locking that accurately captures the temporal and spectral
intracavity dynamics and reproduces the output characteristics in great detail.
Furthermore, a spatiotemporal model is introduced that incorporates plasma formation
to simulate the spatial beam propagation in agreement with experimental
observations.
14:40 DB1.4 ACCURATE PHOTONIC ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL
CONVERSION
Photonic
analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) are attracting significant interest due to
promise of overcoming the problem of aperture jitter and improving ADC
performance level by orders of magnitude. This work examines several critical
factors which define the accuracy of an optically-sampled
wavelength-demultiplexed ADC built on a silicon chip using silicon photonic
technology. These factors are the optical power-dependent shot noise, optical
power-dependent nonlinearities due to two-photon and free-carrier absorption in
silicon, and nonlinear transfer function of a silicon modulator. Ways to reduce
the impact of these factors on ADC accuracy are considered.
15:00 DB1.5 FAST AND ACCURATE DESIGN METHODOLOGY FOR
MILLIMETER-WAVE INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
In
this paper the design of integrated passive and active circuits in silicon by
use of rigorous electromagnetic analysis. A broadband directional coupler has
been designed with large bandwidth at 110 GHz center frequency and measured
from 20 to 140 GHz. The simulation is compared to measurement showing very good
agreement. A VCO has been designed at 116 GHz center frequency. The measurement
of the center frequency is within 1% of simulation. The design methodology for
a 240-GHz power detector also is given showing the design of a L-type matching
network.
15:20 DB1.6 SELF-CONSISTENT SIMULATION OF LOCAL
POTENTIAL IN EXTERNAL-GATE BIASED GRAPHENE NANORIBBONS
We
report on the self-consistent analysis of armchair graphene nanoribbon (GNR)
field-effect transistors (FET), in the case of multi-band coherent carrier
transport. In principle, the same approach can be extended to include the
contribution to charge transport due to different layers of a few-layer
GNR-FET. To the aim of demonstrating the versatility of our simulation tool, we
provide interesting examples about the dependence of charge and self-consistent
potential on the gate voltage, for small drain voltages: these include details
of numerical convergence of the iterative system of Poisson and
Schrӧdinger equations
15:40 Tea/Coffee Break
16:00 DB1.7 AC CONDUCTIVITY OF METALLIC CARBON
NANOTUBES (CNTS) EXPOSED TO A DC FIELD
The
AC conductivity of a carbon nanotube (CNT) is derived and it is shown that it
can become negative when the CNT is exposed to a DC axial field in addition to
the AC field. For this purpose, the Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) is
solved within the relaxation time approximation (RTA) by separating the AC and DC
contributions. The AC carrier distribution and the AC conductivity are found
via a semi-analytical procedure. Absolute negative AC conductivity is found for
a DC field above 10^5 V/m, which is a promising result toward enabling CNT
traveling-wave amplifiers.
16:20 DB1.8 EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT SYNTHESIS FOR
MICROSTRIP STRUCTURES DESIGN AND OPTIMISATION
The
paper suggests network synthesis algorithm used limited band scattering
parameters of microwave devices. Presentation of the model in the form of an
equivalent electric circuit maintains its feasibility as a microwave device
under variation of parameters in the process of optimization. The proposed
approach is based on the simple description of the microwave structures using
lumped element network. The submitted example of synthesis illustrates the
microstrip filter design.
16:40 DB1.9 MICROMACHINED J-BAND RECTANGULAR WAVEGUIDE
FILTER
M. Vahidpour, K. Sarabandi, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
Fully
micromachined waveguide filters are realized based on metal E-plane rods. The
rods make a series of shunt inductors separated by the length of the waveguide.
Two- and three- pole filter designs for 230~245 GHz bands constructed in WR-3
waveguide are introduced. The filters are microfabricated by etching the rods and
waveguides on one silicon wafer which later is bonded with another metal-coated
wafer. The devices are measured using a J-band S-parameter test and the
measurement results are in good agreement with the simulation results.
17:00 DB1.10 INFINITE INTEGRALSWITH THEWEIGHTED
AVERAGES ALGORITHM
J. R. Mosig, A. G. Polimeridis, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
A
new version of the weighted averages (WA) algorithm, called generalized WA, is
introduced. Generalized WA exhibit a more compact formulation, devoid of
iterative and recursive steps, and a wider range of applications. It is more
robust, as it provides a unique formulation, valid for real and imaginary
parameters. The implementation of the new version is easier and more efficient.
Preliminary numerical examples show the promise of the generalized WA that
become the most interesting version among the generic class of WA algorithms,
which are currently recognized as the most competitive algorithms to evaluate
Sommerfeld integral tails.
17:20 End of the Session
E02 – Lightning and Related Effects I
Session Chairs: Vladimir A. Rakov, Z. Kawasaki
Session E02
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Monday, August 15, 13:40-17:20
Room Galata
13:40 E02.1 LIGHTNING RETURN STROKES TO TALL TOWERS:
ABILITY OF ENGINEERING MODELS TO REPRODUCE NEARBY ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS
We
present measurements of nearby vertical and horizontal electric fields from
leaders and return strokes associated with lightning strikes to the 100-m tall
Gaisberg Tower in Austria obtained in 2007 and 2008. The fields were measured
at a distance of about 20 m from the towers vertical axis. Simultaneously with
the fields, return-stroke currents were also measured at the top of the tower.
The measured data are used to test engineering models for the return stroke. In
general, the agreement between measured waveforms and model-predicted ones are
satisfactory.
14:00 E02.2 FDTD SIMULATION OF FIELD-REDUCTION EFFECT
AT GROUND DUE TO CORONA AT LIGHTNING-TRIGGERING WIRE
The
effect of an upward-extending wire used for artificial lightning initiation
from thunderclouds and the corona space charge emanated from this wire on the
close electric field (prior to lightning initiation) on the ground has been
examined using the FDTD method. When the wire-top altitude is 200 m, the
reduction of upward-directed electric field at a horizontal distance of 60 m is
15, 23, 28, and 38% relative to the background value at ground surface of 10
kV/m for corona radii, 0.27, 2, 4, and 10 m, respectively. These calculated
results agree well with measurements.
14:20 E02.3 INFLUENCE OF RETURN STROKE SPEED AND
LEADER LINE CHARGE DENSITY ON LIGHTNING CORONA SHEATH DYNAMICS
Positive
transferred charge inside the lightning channel core during the return-stroke
stage dominates the total charge when the speed of the return stroke current
wave is relatively low and negative leader line charge density is less than
typical values inferred from field measurements. As a result, the positive
charge inside the channel during the return-stroke stage can be temporarily
greater than the negative charge deposited by the preceding leader. This may
explain significant positive overshoots in radial electric fields measured with
a Pockels sensor close to the triggered lightning channel at ground.
14:40 E02.4 LIGHTNING ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS AND
INDUCED VOLTAGES: INFLUENCE OF CHANNEL TORTUOSITY
Models
for calculation of lightning induced overvoltages usually assume a straight and
vertical lightning channel. However, it is well known that the lightning path
is tortuous on scales ranging from 1 m to 1 km. In this paper the tortuosity
effect is analyzed for both lightning-generated electromagnetic fields and
induced voltages. For a schematic representation of tortuous lightning channel,
it is shown that at close and intermediate ranges the predominant effect is due
to the inclination of the lowest channel segment; only for fields at relatively
far ranges the overall tortuosity effect becomes appreciable.
15:00 E02.5 RADIO-PHYSICAL METHODS OF ANALYSIS FOR
THUNDERSTORM FIELD PERTURBATIONS
Complex
field experiments have been undertaken on the basis of the observational set-up
arranged in the Upper-Volga Region during the convective seasons of 2005-2010.
Spectral and statistical characteristics of electric field perturbations in the
vicinity of thunderstorm clouds have been investigated. Statistical analysis
allowed us to relate found peculiarities with different stages of thunderstorm
generator dynamics. We develop our fractal simulation code to take into account
the spatio-temporal dynamics of a cloud discharge, to compare the results with
the observations and to address several actual problems of lightning initiation
physics.
15:20 E02.6 STEPPED LEADER CHARACTERISTICS IN
DEVELOPING HORIZONTALLY WITHIN THUNDERCLOUDS AND IN DESCENDING OUT OF
THUNDERCLOUDS
We
examine VHF and optical images of cloud-to-ground flashes to study IC leaders
that propagated within thunderclouds and CG leaders that descended outside
thunderclouds. It is shown that IC leaders developed smoothly and CG leaders
propagated in a heavily branched manner. We speculate that, in the case of IC
leaders, only the leader tip having the highest charge density in the channel
could propagate in E-field intensified by local positive charge. In the case of
CG leaders, not only leader tips but also lower parts of the leader could
initiate new branches due to higher charge density.
15:40 Tea/Coffee Break
16:00 E02.7 DEVELOPMENT OF THE BROADBAND RADAR NETWORK
WITH HIGH RESOLUTION
A
small-baseline weather radar network consisting of the Ku-band broadband radars
(BBR) for meteoro-logical application is developed. The BBR is a remarkably
high-resolution close-range Doppler radar designed for detecting and analyzing
rapidly evolving weather phenomena such as severe thunderstorms, tornadoes, and
downbursts, which often cause damage to our lives seriously. A radar network
with several BBRs (the BBR network) observes multi-directionally and
simultaneously these severe phenomena with high reso-lution and accuracy. In
this presentation, the concept of the project and the initial observation
results of the BBR network were presented.
16:20 E02.8 A MACROMODEL-BASED ALGORITHM FOR THE
CALCULATION OF LIGHTNING RADIATED ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS AND INDUCED VOLTAGES
IN TRANSMISSION LINES
In
this paper, we propose a fast and efficient algorithm for the calculation of
lightning radiated electromagnetic (EM) fields in the space. These
macromodel-based calculations will be done using a mixed time-frequency domain
method. Vector Fitting algorithm is employed to trace the poles/residues
position of the channel-base current-radiated electromagnetic fields system
transfer function in different points of the space. The spatial representation
of the poles and residues locations will result in efficient calculation of the
induced voltage on the frequency dependent multiconductor transmission lines
(MTL) over a lossy ground.
16:40 E02.9 EVALUATION OF THE COORAY-RUBINSTEIN
FORMULA FOR DISTANCES FARTHER THAN A FEW KILOMETERS USING THE PARALLEL FDTD
METHOD
M. Khosravi Farsani, R. Moini, S. H. H. Sadeghi, Amirkabir university of technology, tehran, Iran
a
parallel finite difference time domain code is developed for the calculation of
the horizontal electric field above ground for three distances of 2 Km, 5 Km
and 10 Km from the return stroke channel. An electromagnetic model of lightning
is adopted for the purpose of simulation. The obtained results are compared
with those simulated by Cooray-Rubinstein formula (CR). The effect of ground's
conductivity on the electric field value is also investigated. The results show
that the accuracy of CR formula decreases as the grounds conductivity decreases
or distance of observation point from the lightning channel becomes larger.
17:00 E02.10 AN IMPROVED DISTANCE FINDING TECHNIQUE FOR
SINGLE-SITE LIGHTNING LOCATION SYSTEM USING REFLECTION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE
ANISOTROPIC IONOSPHERE
M. Ozaki, S. Yagitani, K. Miyazaki, I. Nagano, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
The
distance finding technique for a single-site lightning location system is
evaluated by using theoretical sferics, which are calculated under the effect
of the magnetized ionosphere. The calculated ionospheric reflection
coefficients are stable at smaller incident angles, while they exhibit a poor
reflection at larger incident angles around 70 degrees. The distance finding
accuracy is improved when the 1st reflected pulse of the sferic having the
largest incident angle is excluded in the estimation. The errors of the
improved distance finding technique become less than 5%, while those of the
previous technique using the 1st reflected pulse were 20%.
17:20 End of the Session
F02 – Attenuation and Depolarization in Satellite and Terrestrial Propagation
Session Chair: Bertram Arbesser-Rastburg
Session F02
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Monday, August 15, 13:40-17:20
Room Haliç
13:40 F02.1 STATISTICS OF RAIN ATTENUATION REVISITED
Millimeter
frequency satellite links are prone to variations in attenuation over a large
range, more than 30 dB. This has been considered to be caused by meteorological
conditions. Statistical distributions have been fit-to-data with little or no
physical insight. It is the purpose of this paper to test the hypothesis that
the dynamic variations are Ricean or Rayleigh type fading, caused by multipath
from the rain. This opens the possibility of exact distributions of Doppler
variations and of the recently studied rain fade slope, which follows a
Students t- distribution with the Doppler spread as parameter
14:00 F02.2 PREDICTING THE PROPAGATION LOSS THROUGH A
TREE CANOPY AT MILLIMETER FREQUENCIES FORWARD SCATTERING APPROXIMATION 3-D
VECTOR RADIATIVE TRANSPORT THEORY
The
vector radiative transport theory is used to compute the attenuation produced
by a tree canopy containing random located lossy-dielectric leaves and branches
at millimeter wave frequencies. The forward scattering approximation is used to
simplify the radiative transport equation. The forward scattering approximation
is used since at millimeter frequencies, the leaves and branches are large and
thick compared to the wavelength; hence, a leaf or a branch scatter energy
strongly in the forward direction and weakly in all other directions. Leaves
are modeled as flat-circular lossy-dielectric discs and branches as
lossy-dielectric cylinders with prescribe orientation statistics.
14:20 F02.3 COMPUTATION OF RAIN ATTENUATION IN
TROPICAL REGION WITH MULTIPLE SCATTERING AND MULTIPLE ABSORPTION EFFECTS USING
EXPONENTIAL DROP SIZE DISTRIBUTION
Rain
attenuation causes scattering and absorption of electromagnetic waves and could
be a significant problem in radio propagation, especially in tropical region
which has high rainfall rate. In this paper, raindrop was modeled using
exponential raindrop size distribution and computed with multiple scattering
and multiple absorption effect previously derived. It was assumed that raindrop
shape is spherical and has dielectric constant following the Double Debye
Model. Based on the analysis, rain attenuation effects become significant for
frequencies above 10 GHz and reach the peak at about 125 GHz. Other important
results are also reported.
14:40 F02.4 KU-BAND SIGNAL DEPOLARIZATION OVER
EARTH-SPACE PATH IN RELATION TO SCATTERING OF RAINDROPS AT A TROPICAL LOCATION
A. Maitra, A. Adhikari, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
The
depolarization of a satellite signal due to scattering by rain drops has been
studied at a tropical location. The depolarization phenomenon is observed in
terms of an enhancement of cross-polar component of a horizontally polarized
Ku-band signal. The differential phase shifts, dominantly responsible for
causing depolarization at Ku-band due to scattering by spheroidal raindrops,
are computed by employing the point matching technique and using experimentally
obtained rain drop size distribution (DSD) data. The differential phase shift
is significant for large drops (> 3mm). Consequently, DSD plays an important
role in determining the depolarization of the satellite signal.
15:00 F02.5 TWO YEAR RAIN ATTENUATION STATISTICS OVER A
LINE OF SIGHT TERRESTRIAL MICROWAVE LINK OPERATING AT 30 GHZ IN TROPICAL REGION
AMRITSAR (INDIA)
P. Sharma, Model Institute of Engineering and Technology, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
The
precipitation in path of microwave communication links leads to fading of
signal. The calculation of fade margin for 99.99 % of the time-availability of
such links requires the knowledge of rain rate and attenuation levels for 0.01
% time of year. The ITU-R has given recommendations regarding rain rate and
attenuation levels but it has been found that the recommendations are not
suitable for tropical regions. The paper presents the experimental results of
two year rain attenuation measurement program conducted in a tropical site
Amritsar (India). The experimental results are different from that predicted by
ITU-R.
15:20 F02.6 SOME MELTING LAYER CHARACTERISTICS AT TWO
TROPICAL LOCATIONS IN INDIAN REGION
S. Das, A. Maitra, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
Hydrometeors
pose serious threat to satellite communication operating above 10 GHz. The
designing line-of-sight link usually is based on the ITU-R models, which are
often inadequate for tropical region. ITU-R model uses a yearly averaged
constant rain height for the attenuation calculation, which may not be valid
for tropics. This paper reports the study of rain height based on Micro Rain
Radar and Radiosonde observations at two tropical locations in Indian region.
Results suggest a possible modification in the rain attenuation model taking
into account the melting layer height variation with the season and rain rate.
15:40 Tea/Coffee Break
16:00 F02.7 ANALYSIS OF RAINDROP SIZE DISTRIBUTION
CHARACTERISTICS IN MALAYSIA FOR RAIN ATTENUATION PREDICTION
Variability
of rainfall characteristics in the equatorial regions is a key problem in
estimating adequate fade margin due to rain attenuation in satellite
communication. Based on disdrometer data collected in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,
this paper investigates the characteristics of the raindrop size distribution
(DSD) and the dependence of rain attenuation on the DSD. Its diurnal variation
and the role of critical diameter values on the estimation of specific
attenuation are also discussed. Preliminary results suggest that satellite
links operating in the afternoon and early evening hours should be provided
with an extra fade margin to compensate for rain attenuation impairments.
16:20 F02.8 DIMENSIONAL STATISTICS OF RAINFALL
SIGNATURE AND FADE DURATION FOR MICROWAVE PROPAGATION IN NIGERIA
As
the communication services are increasingly demanding more access for higher
frequencies up to Ka-band and beyond, dimensional statistics of rainfall for
predicting rain induced attenuation is required for estimating the link budget
and the communication performance. Attenuation due to rain restricts the path
length of radio communication systems and limits the usage of higher
frequencies for terrestrial point-to-point microwave links and satellite
communications. In this paper, some results of dimensional statistics of
rainfall signature and fade duration are presented. Rain events are studied to
examine the efficacy of predicting the attenuations from point rain rate
measurements
16:40 F02.9 GENERATION OF AN EMPIRIC PROPAGATION MODEL
FOR FOREST ENVIRONMENT AT GSM900/GSM1800/CDMA2100
This
paper represents a generation of an empiric propagation model for a certain
pine tree environment. An empiric model has been obtained by the addition of
vegetation loss factor L into the free space model by using both forest and
open area measurements. Three different models for different operating band
have been generated. The model error increased with frequency from 900MHz to
1800MHz, but it reached smallest value at CDMA2100. This could be a result of
large (5MHz) bandwidth of CDMA2100. For better models, curve fitting techniques
can be used to determine L as a function of tree number.
17:00 F02.10 TO THE PROBLEM OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
PROPAGATION IN TURBULENT MAGNETIZED PLASMA SLAB
Second
order statistical moment of the ordinary and extraordinary waves scattered by
turbulent magnetized plasma slab with electron density and magnetic field
fluctuations is analytically calculated applying the perturbation method.
Numerical calculations are carried out for the anisotropic Gaussian fluctuation
spectrum at different anisotropy factor and the angle of inclination of prolate
irregularities with respect to the external magnetic field. Phase portraits of
correlation function of the phase and amplitude fluctuations of scattered
radiation are constructed. It is shown that correlation between ordinary and
extraordinary wave decreases in proportion to the anisotropic factor.
17:20 End of the Session
G02 – Measuring and Modeling the Ionospheric Electron Density Profile
Session Chairs: Dieter Bilitza, B Zolesi, Bodo Reinisch
Session G02
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Monday, August 15, 13:40-17:20
Room Topkapi A
13:40 G02.1 OPTIMIZATION OF F2 LAYER PARAMETERS USING
IRI-PLAS AND IONOLAB-TEC
In
this study, the relation of the maximum ionization height (HmF2) and the
critical frequency (FoF2) of F2 layer is examined within their parametric range
through the International Reference Ionosphere extended towards the
plasmasphere (IRI-Plas) model and the IONOLAB-TEC. HmF2 and FoF2 are optimized
using an iterational loop through Non-Linear Least Squares method. HmF2 and
FoF2 are obtained for various locations including Turkey for the same quiet
day. Results are compared with ionosonde data where available. This study
enables the modification and update of empirical and deterministic IRI Model to
include instantaneous variability of the ionosphere.
14:00 G02.2 A NEW VARY-CHAP MODEL OF TOPSIDE ELECTRON
DENSITY PROFILES BASED ON ISIS-2 DATA
A
new model of the topside electron density distribution is developed for IRI.
The new Vary-Chap function is a generalized Chapman profile with a continuously
varying shape function S(h): N/Nm = 1/S^2 {exp[(1-Y-exp-Y)/2]} with Y an
integral function of S(h). This equation is solved for S(h), and S(h) functions
for 80,000 ISIS-2 profiles are calculated. A parameterized function S*(h) is
fitted to each shape function characterizing the shape of the profiles without
direct dependence on hm and NmF2.
14:20 G02.3 INVESTIGATION OF THE BOTTOMSIDE / TOPSIDE
CONTRIBUTION TO THE TOTAL ELECTRON CONTENT AT EUROPEAN MID-LATITUDES
The
electron density profiles, derived from FormoSat-3/COSMIC radio occultation
measurements and European mid-latitude ionosondes Pruhonice and Juliusruh, were
analyzed in order to compare the contribution of bottomside and topside
ionosphere to the GPS-derived total electron content. Analysis was carried out
for different seasonal conditions during period of low solar activity; special
attention was focused on the differences in these parts contribution to total
electron content for night and daytime hours.
14:40 G02.4 MEASUREMENTS AND IRI MODEL PREDICTIONS
DURING THE RECENT SOLAR MINIMUM
Comparisons
of CHAMP and GRACE electron density measurements with predictions of the URSI
International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) have shown significant differences
during the recent extended solar minimum, while ionosonde data do not seem to
show differences of similar magnitude. We have further evaluated the
performance of IRI during this period using C/NOFS PLP data and ionosonde data
from middle and low latitude stations. We also study the impact of
uncertainties in the predictions of solar indices on the IRI densities.
15:00 G02.5 SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIABILITY OF THE
LOW- AND MID-LATITUDE IONOSPHERE AS REVEALED BY MODAL DECOMPOSITION
We
examine two approaches to capture the modes of spatial and temporal variability
observed in the ionosphere: 1. decomposition into modes as functions of local
time and zonal wavenumber and 2. analysis using empirical orthogonal function
decomposition and the corresponding principal component analysis technique. The
spectral analysis of the different time series of reveals how different
mechanisms such as solar flux variation, change of the orbital declination,
nonlinear mode coupling and geomagnetic activity are separated and expressed in
different modes. We also perform similar analysis performed on output from the
TIE-GCM to provide insight on the observed phenomena.
15:20 G02.6 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF IONOSPHERIC
ACTIVITY IN THE PERIOD OF LOW SOLAR ACTIVITY USING DPS-4 IONOSONDE DATA
In
investigation of fundamental problems of ionosphere physics always large
attention was given to the observational data during low solar activity, when
there was a capability to minimize influence of external factors. On the basis
of regular, continuous measurement of the Irkutsk ionospheric sounder the
automated method of researches of ionospheric disturbances was designed.
Statistical analysis of disturbances of an electron concentration during 2004 -
2009 was done. Main problem of the analysis was determination of total number
of perturbed days and determination of total number of wave disturbances
depending on a level of solar activity, season and time.
15:40 Tea/Coffee Break
16:00 G02.7 INTEGRATION OF MULTI INSTRUMENT
IONOSPHERIC PLASMA DIAGNOSTICS USED FOR NEAR EARTH ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING
The
aim of this presentation is to show global distribution of plasma parameters
diagnosed by various measuring techniques as: in situ wave and plasma
diagnostics registered on board of DEMETER satellite, GPS IGS/EPN network, GPS
Antarctic and Arctic IGS observation and the data retrieved from FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC
measurements. We are willing to present and validate the properties of the
ionospheric electron density profiling retrieved from FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC radio
occultation measurements. We would like also to discuss the limitation of
presented diagnose techniques with respect to different geomagnetic condition
and localisation in space.
16:20 G02.8 3-D INVERSION OF IONOSONDE DATA FOR
IONOSPHERIC ELECTRON DENSITY: NEW DEVELOPMENTS AND BENEFITS FOR ASSIMILATIVE
MODELING
N. A. Zabotin, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
Modern
phase-based digital ionosondes have capabilities to measure accurately both the
group time of propagation and the directions of arrival for each ionogram echo.
Inversion algorithm NeXtYZ uses this information to recover locally both true
vertical profile and horizontal gradients of ionospheric plasma density. For
the first time in ionospheric sounding practice this algorithm provides justifiable
profile uncertainties that characterize specific ionogram and obey Gaussian
statistics. Horizontal gradients not only describe the plasma density
distribution directly but also quantify energetics and dynamics of the
ionosphere and thermosphere through characterization of the gravity waves and
of the neutral wind.
16:40 G02.9 MONITORING D-REGION VARIABILITY FROM
LIGHTNING MEASUREMENTS
In
situ measurements of ionospheric D-region characteristics are somewhat scarce
and rely mostly on sounding rockets. Remote sensing techniques employing Very
Low Frequency (VLF) transmitters can provide electron density estimates from
subionospheric wave propagation modeling. Here we discuss how lightning
waveform measurements, namely sferics and tweeks, can be used for monitoring
the D-region variability and day-night transition, and for local electron
density estimates. A brief comparison among D-region aeronomy models is also
presented.
17:00 G02.10 MODELING IONOSPHERIC PROPAGATION OF LOW
FREQUENCY SIGNALS FOR REMOTE SENSING PURPOSES USING CHARGE DENSITY PROFILES
E. D. Schmitter, University of Applied Sciences Osnabrueck, Osnabrueck, Germany
The
use of powerful low frequency transmitter signals is a well established
technique for remote sensing of the lower ionosphere. Standard tools for
calculating propagation conditions like the Long Wave Propagation Capability
(LWPC) code - rely on default procedures for modeling the day-night transition
conditions that do not map reality sufficiently for modeling purposes. We
propose an improved method by making use of the possibility to introduce charge
density profiles into the LWPC that vary appropriately over the day-night cycle
and additionally can model disturbances caused by forcing of the lower
ionosphere from above and below.
17:20 End of the Session
Session Chair: Bertrand Lembège
Session H02
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Monday, August 15, 13:40-17:20
Room Topkapi B
13:40 H02.1 DYNAMICS OF QUASI-PERPENDICULAR SHOCKS:
RECENT RESULTS ISSUED FROM 2D PIC SIMULATION
Cross-scale
coupling between fluid dynamics and particle kinetics at perpendicular
collisionless shocks is an issue of space plasma physics. The influence of
shock-front ripples to the dynamics of shocks is studied by means of a
large-scale two-dimensional (2D) full particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation. The
present simulation has confirmed the transition of shock structures from the
cyclic self-reformation to the quasi-stationary shock front due to rippled
structures at the shock front.
14:00 H02.2 MICROTURBULENCE AT THE FRONT OF
SUPERCRITICAL QUASIPERPENDICULAR SHOCKS
The
drift of the reflected ion beam versus the electrons across the magnetic field
can easily destabilize waves in the electron cyclotron frequency range. Several
Bernstein harmonics can be unstable, depending upon the ion beam's drift and
temperature. With electromagnetic PIC simulations we investigate their
nonlinear characteristics. First, high harmonics develop in agreement with
dispersion properties. Second, an inverse cascade occurs whereby the spectrum
shifts toward lower k-modes to eventually accumulate on the first harmonic. The
late phase showcases a magnetic component to the spectrum and a significant
energy transfer from the ion beam to the electrons.
14:20 H02.3 A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TERRESTRIAL AND
PLANETARY BOW SHOCKS
H. Kucharek, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States
Shocks
are spectacular and energetic events in the Universe. Generated by supernovae,
stellar winds, and the solar wind they have important effects. They are
accelerators and they act on galactic nebula triggering formation of planetary
systems. The Earths bow shock results from the interaction of the solar wind
with the magnetosphere. Being a prime science objective of many missions it has
been studied in detail. We now obtained data from Mercury, Venus, Mars,
Jupiter, and Saturn. In this presentation we will review similarities and
differences of these shocks in shape, topology, solar wind interaction and
highlight key science questions.
14:40 H02.4 NONLINEAR MIRROR MODE STRUCTURES IN
MULTI-DIMENSIONAL MODELS
We
obtain the difference of the mirror mode magnetic structures between 2D and 3D
hybrid simulations. The magnetic dip structure can be found only in the 2D
model with low ion beta conditions. In the 3D model or 2D model with high ion
beta, we obtain the magnetic peak structures. From the pressure balance
condition between the magnetic field and the protons, how the difference of the
magnetic structures in the 2D model between the ion betas occurs is shown.
15:00 H02.5 THEMIS-DOUBLE STAR-CLUSTER OBSERVATIONS OF
RECONNECTION AND DYNAMICS ACROSS THE DAYSIDE MAGNETOPAUSE.
M. W. Dunlop, RAL, STFC, DIDCOT, United Kingdom
Study
of the extent across the Earths magnetopause of magnetic reconnection (MR) has
recently benefitted from an unprecedented growth in complexity of multi-point,
in situ measurements, on the small and meso-scale. Nevertheless, direct
measurements of the small active region are still relatively rare, owing to the
time variable nature of the near-Earth environment. We report direct evidence
of X-line structure resulting from MR at widely separated locations and a full
traversal through a reconnection layer. Observations are taken from conjunctions
of 4-Cluster, 5-THEMIS and the Double Star, TC-1 spacecraft.
15:20 H02.6 MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATIONS OF THE
MAGNETOPAUSES OF SATURN, JUPITER AND THE EARTH
We
use global magnetohydrodynamic simulations to compare the responses of Saturn,
Jupiter and the Earth to the solar wind. We investigate the magnetospheric
boundaries in the presence of dayside reconnection and find waves on the
boundary that are consistent with the Kelvin-Helmholtz (K-H) instability. At
the Earth and Jupiter reconnection erodes the dayside magnetopause but there is
little erosion at Saturn. The waves at Earth are caused by solar wind velocity
shear. At Saturn the solar wind velocity shear combines with rotating Kronian
plasma to create the waves. At Jupiter rotating Jovian flows cause the
instability.
15:40 Tea/Coffee Break
16:00 H02.7 PLASMA TRANSPORT PROCESSES AT THE HIGH
LATITUDE MAGNETOSPHERE OBSERVED BY CLUSTER
Cluster
four spacecraft data is used to study the spatial-temporal characteristics
in/near the high and mid-altitude cusp under northward IMF. In our previous
work a transition layer equatorward of the cusp was observed, which is
suggested to be the entry layer during northward IMF. From event study and a
further survey tailward of the Cusp, some transport processes of sheath-like
ions in the magnetosphere are studied. Possible (dual) lobe reconnection model
in the northward IMF condition are applied to explain these observations.
16:20 H02.8 THE ACCELERATION OF ELECTRONS IN THE
MAGNETOTAIL AND THEIR AURORAL SIGNATURES
By
using data from the THEMIS and Cluster missions together with global
magnetohydrodynamic and large scale kinetic particle simulations, we
demonstrated that electrons were energized by two distinct mechanisms: betatron
acceleration and reconnection processes. The simulation results were validated
by comparing the electron energy flux at the equatorial plane with THEMIS
observations. To determine the auroral signatures of these processes we
calculated the corresponding precipitating electron energy fluxes at different
times. We found a direct correspondence between the earthward movement of the
dipolarization fronts and the location of the precipitating energy flux.
16:40 H02.9 STOCHASTIC FERMI ACCELERATION IN THE
EARTH'S MAGNETOTAIL CURRENT SHEET: NUMERICAL STUDIES
S. Perri, A. Greco, G. Zimbardo, Universita' della Calabria, Rende, Italy
We
show results from 2D and 3D test particle simulations investigating the
acceleration of protons interacting with stationary and time-dependent
electromagnetic fields. In the 2D simulations we mimic a Fermi-like interaction
between particles and randomly positioned oscillating clouds. A constant
dawn-dusk electric field and a constant out of plane magnetic field are also
present. The 3D model studies that process in a more realistic configuration: a
modified Harris profile has also been added. Parametric studies have been
performed and the results discussed also in comparison with spacecraft
observations in both the distant and the near-Earth magnetotail.
17:00 H02.10 CLUSTER OBSERVATIONS OF ELECTROSTATIC
ACCELERATION STRUCTURES ABOVE THE POLAR CAP AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THEIR ORIGIN
IN THE MAGNETOPAUSE BOUNDARY LAYER
D. Fontaine, A. Teste, LPP / CNRS, Palaiseau, France
During
quiet periods of Northward IMF, CLUSTER observed electron acceleration structures
at high altitudes along magnetic field lines connected to the polar and
extended along the magnetopause boundary layers. The electrons are observed to
be successively earthward and outward accelerated, forming current sheets of
opposite polarities. The precipitating electrons are accelerated to
keV-energies in relatively stable and broad structures. The outflowing electron
beams, accelerated to weaker energies (tens of eV), form structures at much
smaller scales. These acceleration structures are suggested to result from
electrostatic structures generated at the interface between the magnetopause
boundary layers and the lobes.
17:20 End of the Session
Session Chair: Subra Ananthakrishnan
Session JT
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Monday, August 15, 13:40-14:40
Room Marmara
13:40 JT.1 EXPLORING THE EPOCH OF REIONIZATION WITH
LOW-FREQUENCY RADIO TELESCOPES
A. R. Parsons, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
The
Epoch of Reonization (EoR) represents a major frontier of cosmic evolution yet
to be explored. Redshifted emission from the 21cm hyperfine transition of
neutral hydrogen provides a unique tracer of the primordial intergalactic
medium. But with foregrounds that exceed the expected EoR signal by more than
five orders of magnitude, the level of calibration needed for detecting this
signal is unprecedented in the 100-200MHz band expected to encompass EoR. We
will discuss the various instrumental approaches underway for achieving the
necessary sensitivity and calibration, and discuss plans for second-generation
antenna arrays that might explore EoR tomographically.
14:40 End of the Session
KBE – Non-ionizing Electromagnetic Breast Imaging
Session Chairs: Susan Hagness, Elise Fear
Session KBE
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Monday, August 15, 13:40-17:00
Room Loft
13:40 KBE.1 TOWARDS A PLANAR MICROWAVE TOMOGRAPHY
SYSTEM FOR EARLY STAGE BREAST CANCER DETECTION
The
advantages of planar Microwave Tomography applied to early stage breast cancer
detection are presented. The breast is compressed between two dielectric plates
in a configuration similar to that of X-ray mammography. This approach would
allow the future implementation of a dual modality imaging system where the
advantages of both techniques can be exploited. The research eff
orts for the development of a planar MT system are described, as well as, the
key features of the latter. A numerical validation is used to show how the
breast compression can lead to an enhancement of the reconstructed images.
14:00 KBE.2 DESIGN OF A MICROWAVE BREAST IMAGING ARRAY
COMPOSED OF DUAL-BAND MINIATURIZED ANTENNAS
We
present a compact dual-band patch antenna array designed for use in a 3-D
microwave tomography system for breast imaging. The array is designed for
operation within the interstitial space of an MRI patient support platform.
This configuration permits scattered-field data acquisition with the breast in
the same position as a benchmark MRI scan, thereby enabling precise
co-registration with breast MRI. We investigate operating characteristics of
the antenna array elements contained in the array using numerical simulations.
We demonstrate that dual-band operation of the array is maintained in the
presence of an ellipsoidal breast phantom.
14:20 KBE.3 MICROWAVE IMAGING FOR BREAST CANCER
DETECTION: COMPARISON OF TOMOGRAPHIC IMAGING ALGORITHMS USING SINGLE-FREQUENCY
AND TIME-DOMAIN DATA
Still
more research groups are promoting microwave imaging as a viable supplement or
substitution to more conventional imaging modalities. A widespread approach for
microwave imaging of the breast is tomographic imaging in which one seeks to
reconstruct the distributions of permittivity and conductivity in the breast.
In this paper two nonlinear tomographic algorithm are compared - one is a
single-frequency algorithm and the other is a time-domain algorithm.
14:40 KBE.4 ONGOING DEVELOPMENT OF MICROWAVE BREAST
IMAGING SYSTEM COMPONENTS
We
present ongoing work at the University of Michigan toward the goal of
developing a microwave inverse scattering system for breast cancer imaging. The
algorithm is built around the Born Iterative Method with a modified cost
function allowing inclusion of a priori information. The calibration is based on
a new formulation for S-parameter measurements. The liquid matching medium is
an oil-water emulsion with high dielectric constant and moderate loss. Last, we
designed a wide-band, linear-phase antenna for both frequency and time-domain
applications. Finally, we present numeric studies of a CW microwave breast
cancer therapy system.
15:00 KBE.5 EFFECTS OF NOISE ON TOMOGRAPHIC BREAST
IMAGING
X. Zeng, A. Fhager, M. Persson, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
Breast
tumor detection using microwaves has attracted considerable interests in the
last few years. Two main approaches for microwave breast imaging are microwave
tomography and radar based imaging. In both approaches, microwave signals are
used to illuminate the breast and scattered signals are received at numerous
locations. The microwave measurements are subject to noise, which may influence
the detection of breast tumor. In this paper, we study the effect of noise on tomographic
breast imaging by numerical simulations. A high contrast breast model is
considered and the image reconstructions are carried out in time domain using a
nonlinear inversion algorithm.
15:20 KBE.6 SAFETY ASSESSMENT OF MICROWAVE BREAST
IMAGING TECHNIQUES: A COMPARISON BETWEEN TWO DIFFERENT APPROACHES
Safety
assessment of ultra-wideband (UWB) microwave breast imaging (MBI) techniques is
examined in this contribution. Specifically, two different approaches have been
applied to evaluate the specific energy absorption (SA) produced by UWB
antennas inside realistic breast models. The adopted power levels and pulse
repetition periods of the tissue sensing adaptive radar (TSAR) system have been
considered to be representative of frequency-swept MBI techniques. Three
different unit voltage UWB pulses have been instead envisaged for MBI systems
directly based on time-domain measurements. Results indicate that the evaluated
SA is below limits prescribed by safety standards.
15:40 Tea/Coffee Break
16:00 KBE.7 FEASIBILITY STUDY OF TUMOR SIZE CLASSIFICATION
VIA CONTRAST-ENHANCED UWB BREAST IMAGING A COMPLEX-DOMAIN ANALYSIS
In
this paper, we study the feasibility of contrast-agent-aided ultra-wideband
(UWB) microwave imaging for breast lesion size classification by studying
received signals in the complex domain. A finite-difference time-domain (FDTD)
numerical phantom is employed to simulate electromagnetic (EM) wave propagation
inside the breast and extract the reflected waveforms with and without
microbubbles in the tumor site. The complex-domain transfer function of
differential response is then used to draw the poles-zero plots (PZPs) and Bode
plots (BPs), which demonstrate the viability of the proposed method for lesion
size categorization.
16:20 KBE.8 IMPROVED CONFOCAL MICROWAVE IMAGING OF THE
BREAST USING PATH-DEPENDENT SIGNAL WEIGHTING
Ultra
Wideband radar is one of the most promising emerging technologies for the
detection of breast cancer. Confocal Microwave Imaging was developed with the
assumption that the breast is dielectrically homogeneous, allowing for the
constructive addition of all returns from tumours within the breast. In a dielectrically
homogeneous breast, each additional signal adds coherently, resulting in an
improved image of tumours present. However, in dielectrically heterogeneous
breasts, not all channels are equal. Therefore, the traditional CMI beamformer
must be redesigned to reward channels with an unobscured view of a particular
voxel within the breast, while also preserving antenna spatial diversity.
16:40 KBE.9 AN EXPERIMENTAL MICROWAVE IMAGING SYSTEM
FOR BREAST TUMOR DETECTION ON LAYERED PHANTOM MODEL
In
this paper, the microwave imaging system currently being developed and realized
at the Scientific and Technological Research Council-BILGEM, is introduced. A
stacked patch antenna has been designed, fabricated and tested in operation in
the experimental setup consisting of a spectrum analyzer (with vector network
analysis option) and a planarly layered breast phantom model with tumor. Images
are successfully obtained by using scattering electromagnetic waves from the
tumor (S11). We were able to detect the elastic tumor model with 2 cm diameter
by using so many frequency and position dependent raw datas.
17:00 End of the Session
J02 – Low Frequency Radio Astronomy II
Session Chairs: Joe Lazio, Yashwant Gupta, Anthony Beasley
Session J02
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Monday, August 15, 14:40-17:20
Room Marmara
14:40 J02.1 THE LONG WAVELENGTH ARRAY: RESULTS FROM
THE FIRST STATION AND FUTURE PROSPECTS
G. B. Taylor, UNM, Albuquerque, NM, United States
The
Long Wavelength Array (LWA) will be a new multi-purpose radio telescope
operating in the frequency range 10-88 MHz. Scientific programs include
pulsars, supernova remnants, general transient searches, radio recombination
lines, solar and Jupiter bursts, investigations into the "dark ages"
using redshifted hydrogen, and ionospheric phenomena. The first LWA station,
LWA1, has just come-on line demonstrating the success of the LWA design
concept. Additional information about the LWA is online at http://lwa.unm.edu.
Partners in the LWA project include LANL, JPL, NRAO, NRL, UNM, NMT, and
Virginia Tech.
15:00 J02.2 LOFAR: LESSONS FROM ITS DESIGN AND
CONSTRUCTION
LOFAR
is a new radio telescope with 40 stations in the Netherlands and a further 8 in
Germany, France, Sweden and the UK. It operates in the 30-240 MHz frequency
range using unique and innovative techniques, many of which will find their way
in future telescopes such as the SKA. With the construction of LOFAR almost
complete we look back at its design and construction as well as the ongoing
commissioning phase, and draw some conclusions on both successes and
disappointments encountered along the way.
15:20 J02.3 THE EXPANDED VERY LARGE ARRAY LOW BAND
UPGRADE
The
EVLA upgrade will enable full frequency coverage between 1 and 50 GHz. The
legacy 74 and 330 MHz low frequency receivers have been largely decommissioned
by compatibility issues with the new EVLA digital electronics. We describe an
EVLA Low Band initiative to replace the existing narrow band receivers with a
new low-noise, broadband system covering 66 to 470 MHz. The bandwidth at 74 MHz
will increase by more than an order of magnitude while the 330 MHz bandwidth
increases by a factor of 6. The initial deployment of the system will use the
current limited bandwidth feeds.
15:40 Tea/Coffee Break
16:00 J02.4 LOW FREQUENCY APERTURE ARRAY DEVELOPMENTS
FOR PHASE 1 SKA
Aperture
Arrays (AA) mark a new era in radio astronomy combining high sensitivity with a
large field-of-view, enabling very high survey and imaging speeds. This paper
describes the development of low frequency aperture arrays leading up to SKA
phase 1 within the Aperture Array Verification Program (AAVP) as part of the
SKA program.
16:20 J02.5 DEEP LARGE AREA SKY SURVEYS AT METRE
WAVELENGTHS USING GMRT - SOME CHALLENGES
We
have been studying several fields (like ELAIS-N1, GOODS-N/S, AKARI deep field)
and making their deep images at metre wavelengths using the GMRT. We are also
carrying out, TIFR GMRT Sky Survey (TGSS). TGSS is radio continuum survey at
150 MHz, covering about 32000 sq. deg of the sky north of declination of -30
degrees and with typical rms noise of 7 mJy/beam at an angular resolution of
about 20 arcsec. We describe some challenges and ways we tackle them for making
these deep large area sky surveys at metre wavelengths using GMRT.
16:40 J02.6 THE MURCHISON WIDEFIELD ARRAY: A STATUS
REPORT
The
Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) is a low-frequency radio array under
construction in Western Australia by a collaboration of U.S., Australian and
Indian institutions. Science goals require a wide field of view, a large
collecting area, and many antenna elements. The design involves 500 small,
dipole phased arrays ('tiles") with about 10,000 square meters of
aggregate collecting area, and cross-correlation of all pairs. A 32-tile
prototype array is currently in operation at the Murchison Radio Observatory in
the radio-quiet environment of the Western Australian outback. Initial
scientific observations with the prototype are in progress.
17:00 J02.7 A NEW HELIOGRAPH OF THE UTR-2 RADIO
TELESCOPE: DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE
A. A. Koval, A. A. Konovalenko, A. A. Stanislavsky, Institute of Radio Astronomy, Kharkiv, Ukraine
A
new instrument dedicated to observations of the outer corona of the Sun has
been put in operation since 2010. It is based on the antenna system of UTR-2
radio telescope (Institute of Radio Astronomy, Kharkov, Ukraine). This
radioheliograph is capable of producing two-dimensional brightness distribution
images of the solar corona in the frequency range 8 - 33 MHz. At present this
is the only instrument of its kind in the world in the above-mentioned
frequency range for regular observations of the Sun. Included in this report is
a description of the instrument construction and its some features.
17:20 End of the Session
CD – Advanced RF Integrated Circuits
Session Chairs: Nobuyuki Itoh, Shoichi Narahashi
Session CD
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Monday, August 15, 16:00-17:20
Room Dolmabahçe A
16:00 CD.1 A MICROSTRIP AMPLIFIER DESIGN SUBJECT TO
THE TRANSISTOR PERFORMANCE LIMITATIONS
F. Gunes, S. Demirel, Yýldýz Technical University, Istanbul, TURKEY
This
paper presents synthesis of the microstrip matching circuits to be used at the
input and/or output ports of the low-noise transistor. In this synthesis, input
matching circuit matches the given generator impedance to the optimum noise
impedance of the transistor while the output matching circuit matches the
receiver impedance to the load impedance of the transistor which provides the
available maximum gain within the maximum potential bandwidth at the expense of
the minimum mismatching at the input port. A worked example is given all the
details.
16:20 CD.2 EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT OF POWER AMPLIFIERS
WITHOUT DEGRADED LINEARITY USING A NEW TOPOLOGY AND CONTROL METHOD
A. Ronaghzadeh, &. Demir, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
This
paper presents a medium-power amplifier design method with two transistors of
the same type in parallel. Using this technique two amplifiers were designed in
class AB at 2.4 GHz. It is demonstrated that by careful selection of the
transistor and dynamically tuning the gate bias of the individual devices and
output matching of the whole amplifier according to input drive level, an
increase of about 40% in PAE is achieved at 7 dB back-off from the P1dB of the
class AB amplifier employing a fixed bias and matching network and giving the
same maximum output power.
16:40 CD.3 DESIGN OF HIGH POWER S-BAND GAN MMIC POWER
AMPLIFIERS FOR WIMAX APPLICATIONS
This
paper reports two different S band GaN MMIC PA designs for WiMAX applications.
First PA has a 42.6 dBm output power with a 55%PAE @ 3.5 GHz and 16 dB small
signal gain in the 3.2-3.8 GHz frequency range. When two of these MMICs were
combined by using off-chip Lange Couplers, 45.3 dBm output power with a 45%PAE
@3.5Ghz and 16 dB small signal gain were obtained with less than 0.2 dB gain
ripple in the 3.3-3.8 GHz frequency range.
17:00 CD.4 ON FURTHER DISCUSSION OF BARKHAUSEN
CRITERION
It
has been pointed out that Barkhausen criterion cannot be used as a general
oscillation condition, to evaluate (1) growth of oscillation, (2) steady state
amplitude of oscillation in terms of circuit and active device parameters and
(3) to as certain amplitude and frequency stability of oscillation, (4) to
audit the nature of oscillation whether it is soft-self or hard-self excited.
Here it has been shown that all these limitations can be over come through
clubbing of quasi-state and quasi-linearization techniques and modified
Barkhausen criterion can also be applied to four terminal and two terminal
oscillators.
17:20 End of the Session
Session Chair: P. Tavella
Session A03
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Tuesday, August 16, 08:00-12:00
Room Dolmabahçe C
F. Arias, G. Panfilo, G. Petit, BIPM, Sevres, France
This
article presents how timescales are established and maintained at the
International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM), on the basis of
international cooperation. We describe the characteristics of International
Atomic Time (TAI) and Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and the main features of
the methods used for their calculation.
08:20 A03.2 THE ROLE OF THE ITU-R IN TIME SCALE
DEFINITION
R. L. Beard, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington,D.C., United States
The
ITU is the leading United Nations agency for Radio and Telecommunications
coordination worldwide. Frequency spectrum utilization is managed through Radio
Conferences and Study Groups. An important aspect of spectrum utilization is
the underlying coordination established by the broadcast international time
scale used throughout the world. This international time scale is Coordinated
Universal Time (UTC) defined by the International Telecommunication Union
(ITU-R) as a stepped atomic time scale enabling UT1 to be recovered from UTC.
Todays systems utilize continuous timing consequently deliberations have been
ongoing within the ITU-R on modifying UTC to be a continuous time scale.
08:40 A03.3 OVERVIEW OF JAPAN STANDARD TIME GENERATION
National
Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT) generates and
supplies Japan Standard Time (JST). JST is made from an average atomic time
which is calculated by using 18 commercial Cs atomic clocks. In this
calculation, there are some original methods in estimating clock rate and clock
weighting. The actual signal of JST is generated by realization of this average
atomic time. In this process, frequency control method was optimized recently
and frequency stability of JST has been largely improved.
09:00 A03.4 MERGING MASER AND CESUIM CLOCKS IN
TIMESCALES
D. Matsakis, US Naval Observatory, Washington, DC, United States; G. Panfilo, BIPM, Paris, France
A
variety of ways exist to combine clocks with different characteristics in a
timescale. A Kalman Filter could assign different phase, frequency, and
frequency drift process noises to the different clock types. In this paper we
use an ensemble of cesium and maser clocks to construct a timescale that is
based upon an average of masers that are detrended against a cesium-only
frequency scale, and also one which is based upon an average of masers being
steered to the cesium timescale. Different ensemble algorithms will be
compared.
09:20 Tea/Coffee Break
09:40 A03.5 REAL-TIME GENERATION OF THE SIM TIME SCALE
(SIMT) FROM INTERNATIONAL CLOCK COMPARISONS
The
Sistema Interamericano de Metrologia (SIM) is one of the worlds five major
regional metrology organizations (RMOs). It includes the national metrology
institutes (NMIs) of the 34 nations of the Organization of American States
(OAS). The SIM time network (SIMTN) continuously compares the time standards of
SIM NMIs and produce measurement results in real-time by utilizing the Internet
and the Global Positioning System (GPS). The SIMTN data are used for the
real-time generation of an international time scale called SIMT. This paper
provides a brief overview of the SIMTN and the SIMT.
10:00 A03.6 CURRENT STATUS OF THE FRENCH ATOMIC TIME
SCALES TA(F) AND UTC(OP)
P. Uhrich, M. Abgrall, D. Valat, LNE-SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, Paris, France
Two
atomic time scales are currently generated by LNE-SYRTE: the French Atomic Time
TA(F) and UTC(OP). TA(F) has been recently improved by the steering on Primary
Frequency Standards, remaining close to the SI second within 1.8 x 10-15. A new
UTC(OP) will be based on one Hydrogen Maser, steered on an ensemble clock, in
addition to a steering on the laboratory PFS. First operational results are
showing that staying within 30 ns from UTC should be feasible.
10:20 A03.7 ALGORITHM AND PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS OF
NEW TIME SCALE OF NPLI
P. P. Thorat, P. Banerjee, National physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India
National
Physical Laboratory, New Delhi (NPLI) has been maintaining time scale UTC
(NPLI) with only one cesium atomic clock. NPLI has recently developed an
automatic intercomparison system for the development of better time scale
combining all its five clocks. A new algorithm has also been developed for this
purpose. Using this algorithm, the analysis has been done based on the
preliminary measurement data. Algorithm seems to produce encouraging results.
This paper elaborates the algorithm and presents the analytical observations
10:40 A03.8 TIMING IN TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS
J. Levine, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado, United States
I
describe the statistical considerations used to design systems whose clocks are
compared using dial-up telephone lines or the Internet. The comparison is
usually used to synchronize the time of a client system to the time of a server
or to a national time scale. The design includes a dynamic estimate of the
system performance and a comparison between the performance and the required
stability based on external considerations. The algorithm adjusts the
parameters of the algorithm to realize the specified performance at minimal
cost, where the cost is proportional to the inverse of the polling interval.
11:00 A03.9 THE NEW TIME AND FREQUENCY LABORATORY FOR
THE SARDINIA RADIO TELESCOPE
A
time laboratory was established at the Astronomical Observatory of Cagliari
more than one century ago, aimed for time-tagging scientific observations. At
present, this laboratory is facing up a deep refurbishment in order to cope with
the much tighter specifications on phase noise, time resolution, and frequency
stability required by the new scientific applications planned for the Sardinia
Radio Telescope. As a result of the participation to millimeter Very Long
Baseline Interferometry and pulsar timing experiments of SRT, the new Time and
Frequency laboratory will be called to provide extremely low phase noise and
highly stable frequency references.
11:20 A03.10 A DIGITAL TIME SCALE AT THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE
OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY
S. Romisch, S. R. Jefferts, T. E. Parker, NIST, Boulder, CO, United States
An
integrated time scale has as primary data a unit of duration (time interval)
defined by atomic standards according to the definition of the SI second. The
availability of more than one atomic standard allows for averaging, thereby
improving the performance of the time scale with respect to each of the atomic
standards (clocks). The measurement of time differences between the different
clocks is at the core of a time scale. A novel approach to the measurement of
time differences has been developed at NIST and will be compared with the
present commercial state-of-the-art.
11:40 A03.11 SATELLITE CLOCKS CHARACTERIZATION AND
MONITORING FOR GLOBAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEMS
In
Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) the users position is determined
measuring the time of flight of the signals broadcast from satellites and
therefore it is fundamental to have precise and stable atomic clocks on board.
The clock behaviour has hence to be continuously monitored and any
malfunctioning has to be detected immediately to ensure the adequacy to the
positioning service. This paper will describe the main methodologies for
validation of on board clocks and their implementation in a robust software
used at INRIM in the framework of the European project Galileo.
12:00 End of the Session
B03 – Hybrid Methods (in memory of Robert G. Kouyoumjian)
Session Chairs: Prabhakar Pathak, Giuliano Manara
Session B03
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Tuesday, August 16, 08:00-12:00
Room Anadolu Auditorium
08:00 B03.1 THE CONTRIBUTION OF PROF. ROBERT
KOUYOUMJIAN TO EDGE DIFFRACTION AND FIELD TRANSITION AT AND NEAR SHADOW
BOUNDARIES USING UTD
The
development of the Kouyoumjian & Pathak UTD diffraction coefficient will be
summarized. Applications of the UTD on basic and complex structures (from
ground planes to airframes), based on my own personal experience, will be
presented and the impact of the K & P UTD diffractions coefficient will be
highlighted.
08:20 B03.2 A UNIFORM GEOMETRICAL THEORY OF
DIFFRACTION (UTD) FOR CURVED EDGES ILLUMINATED BY ELECTROMAGNETIC BEAMS
A
UTD is presented for an arbitrary curved perfectly conducting wedge when it is
illuminated by an electromagnetic (EM) complex source beam or even an
astigmatic Gaussian beam. The UTD solution is developed from a generalization
of the asymptotic high frequency solutions to appropriate canonical problems
involving the diffraction of complex source beams by a straight wedge with
planar faces that are perfect electrical conductors (PECs). Here, one cannot
simply assume, apriori, the use of analytic continuation of the well known UTD
for curved edges given previously for real sources to directly furnish the
result for complex sources (beams).
08:40 B03.3 THE JOY OF UNDERSTANDING RAY TECHNIQUES
AND UNIFORM THEORIES IN EM SCATTERING: I OBSERVED THE KELLERS CONE AT A HOTEL!
Y. Rahmat-Samii, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), LosAngeles, United States
It
is with utmost gratitude that I present this invited paper at this 2011 General
Assembly session dedicated to the memory and professional life of Prof.
Kouyoumjian. He touched the technical life of almost everyone who dealt with
the high frequency diffraction techniques. His work on UTD has secured his
position as one our most celebrated researcher in our community. In this
presentation I would like to re-visit Kellers diffraction theory and various
uniform theories. Additionally, I would like to share an interesting recent
experience on the observation of Kellers cone.
09:00 B03.4 A SURVEY ON THE EXTENSION OF THE UTD TO
THE ANALYSIS OF INHOMOGENEOUS PLANE WAVE DIFFRACTION
G. Manara, P. Nepa, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
The
extension of the Uniform Geometrical Theory of Diffraction (UTD) to the
analysis of inhomogeneous plane wave diffraction is reviewed. The
two-dimensional solution for the scattering of inhomogeneous plane waves by a
perfectly conducting wedge in a lossless medium is introduced. This solution is
then extended to account for dissipative losses in the medium surrounding the
wedge, as well as non perfectly conducting wedges. Suitable expressions for the
fields are also found in the more general three-dimensional case, for arbitrary
polarization. Finally, suitable UTD expressions for calculating electromagnetic
scattering from polygonal cylinders buried in lossy media are provided.
09:20 Tea/Coffee Break
09:40 B03.5 CONVERGENCE OF A FULLY OVERLAPPING DOMAIN
DECOMPOSITION METHOD
T. Peng, K. Sertel, J. L. Volakis, ElectroScience Laboratory, Columbus, OH, United States
A
fully overlapping domain decomposition method (DDM) is proposed for finite
element modeling of small features within large domains. The approach decouples
the fine mesh associated with antenna details from that of the background
domain. This allows for unstructured meshing, providing great flexibility in
designing in situ antennas. Another advantage of this algorithm is its faster
convergence as compared to traditional non-overlapping domain decomposition
methods of the same order. This is due to the smaller iteration matrix
eigenspectrum. In this paper, the accuracy of the fully overlapping domain
decomposition method is presented with h-refinement analysis.
10:00 B03.6 RECENT ADVANCES IN THE INCREMENTAL THEORY
OF DIFFRACTION FOR COMPLEX SOURCE POINT ILLUMINATION
We
discuss some recent advances in the incremental formulation for the field
diffracted by edges in perfect electric conductor (PEC) objects illuminated by
a CSP expansion, with application to the analysis of large reflectors. A
significant augmentation of the CSP PO estimate is achieved by including along
the structure's edges both a line integration of an incremental fringe field
and an incremental double-diffraction field. The addition of these incremental
field terms provides the correct estimation of the radiated field.
10:20 B03.7 HYBRID METHODS BASED ON GENERALIZED
SCATTERING MATRICES
E. Martini, C. Della Giovampaola, A. Toccafondi, S. Maci, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
A
general hybrid technique based on generalized scattering matrices is presented.
The analysis domain is decomposed into separate subdomains, which are
independently studied and characterized by a generalized scattering matrix,
where ports are associated with a set of wave objects. The interactions among
subdomains are described by proper subdomain connections. Two particular
implementations are illustrated, where wave objects are complex point source
beams (CPS) and spherical waves, respectively. The first choice leads to an
efficient numerical procedure due to the angular selectivity of the CPS beams,
the second one has the advantage of direct interfaceability with spherical
near-field measurements
10:40 B03.8 NUMERICAL COMPUTATION OF CORNER
DIFFRACTION COEFFICIENTS FOR A PLANE ANGULAR SECTOR
A. K. Ozturk, ASELSAN Inc., Ankara, Turkey; R. Paknys, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
Numerical
diffraction coefficients are derived for vertex-diffracted currents on a
semi-infinite plane angular sector. The currents are defined as the difference
between the exact and PTD currents. The difference current is formulated as a
wave traveling away from the vertex with unknown amplitude and decay factors. The
unknown factors are calculated by using least squares fit. The discontinuities
of the current density along the shadow boundaries are removed by the
vertex-diffracted currents. It is also demonstrated that vertex-diffracted
currents provide a remarkable improvement in the accuracy of the RCS pattern in
the low level regions.
11:00 B03.9 LAST PHD SUPERVISED BY PROFESSOR
KOUYOUMJIAN: EXTENDED UTD BY DR. BUYUKDURA
A. Altintas, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
While
he is a Professor Emeritus at Ohio State, Professor Kouyoumjian supervised a
thesis work by Merih Buyukdura. They first derived a dyadic Greens function for
a PEC wedge using spherical wave functions and employed asymptotic approximation.
They also derived the extended UTD in which higher order terms in the
diffraction matrix are predicted. The thesis was defended in 1984. In this
presentation, a brief discussion of edge waves as derived from the asymptotic
expansion of dyadic Greens function in terms of spherical functions will be
made and afterwards the derivation of extended UTD diffraction coefficients
will be given.
11:20 B03.10 EXACT RADIATION BY A LINE SOURCE LOCATED
INSIDE A CONFOCAL ELLIPTIC LAYER OF DNG METAMATERIAL
The
two-dimensional problem of radiation from a line source encased inside an
elliptic-cylinder confocal sheath of DNG metamaterial is solved exactly by
separation of variables, utilizing series expansions of Mathieu functions. The
radiation pattern is studied as a function of frequency, location of the line
source along the major axis of the elliptical cavity, and thickness of the
confocal sheath. A comparison of the exact solution with the geometrical optics
solution of the problem is performed.
11:40 B03.11 A STOCHASTIC EXTENSION OF THE UNIFORM
THEORY OF DIFFRACTION ACCOUNTING FOR GEOMETRICAL UNCERTAINTY OR SURFACE AND
EDGE ROUGHNESS
F. Puggelli, G. Carluccio, G. Minatti, M. Albani, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
We
present a stochastic extension of the Uniform Theory of Diffraction (UTD) which
is capable to account for some uncertainty in the objects position or geometry,
including roughness of surfaces or edges. Namely, we derive a solution for the
electromagnetic field scattered by a perfectly conducting wedge whose faces are
described as a statistical perturbation of a standard flat wedge. We give a
uniform closed form expressions for the evaluation of the main statistical
moments of the total electric field. The proposed statistical UTD formulation
is suitable for engineering applications which involve UTD ray based codes.
12:00 End of the Session
CB – Antenna Channel Interactions for Future Wireless Communications
Session Chairs: Buon Kiong Lau, Koichi Ogawa
Session CB
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Tuesday, August 16, 08:00-10:20
Room Dolmabahçe A
08:00 CB.1 DESIGN OF WIDE ANGLE REFLECTION
REFLECTARRAY USING MULTI-LAYER MUSHROOM STRUCTURE TO IMPROVE PROPAGATION
T. Maruyama, K. Furuno, Y. Oda, J. Shen, N. Tran, H. Kayama, NTT DOCOMO, INC., Kanagawa, Japan
This
paper proposes a multi-layer mushroom reflectarray to achieve a wide angle of
reflection (AOR) reflectarray at a super high frequency that can be used to
improve the Multiple-In-Multiple-Out capacity in a line-of-sight environment.
The paper also presents a detailed design chart to satisfy the desired AOR by
applying LC resonant circuit theory. A 70 degree-AOR reflectarray at 11 GHz is
designed and the proposed reflectarray exhibits good performance based on
Finite Element Method calculations.
08:20 CB.2 PRACTICAL MULTI-ANTENNA TERMINALS IN LTE
SYSTEM PERFORMANCE SIMULATIONS
F. Athley, L. Manholm, J. Friden, A. Stjernman, Ericsson AB, Gothenburg, Sweden
In
cellular radio network simulations the modeling of terminal antennas is often
extremely simplified. In this paper the impact of using realistic terminal
antennas in LTE system simulations is investigated. Simulation results using
measured radiation patterns of a number of typical multi-antenna terminals are
compared with results using an ideal antenna model. The results show that the
impact is weak in a scenario with high intercell interference while a
substantial performance degradation can be observed in a scenario with low
interference. An analysis of relations between antenna properties and system
performance is also presented.
08:40 CB.3 EFFECTS OF HANDS ON THE 4-BRANCH MRC
DIVERSITY GAIN FOR TERRESTRIAL DIGITAL BROADCASTING PORTABLE TV
K. Ogawa, K. Honda, Toyama University, Toyama, Japan
This
paper studies on effects of hands on the diversity gain for a 4-branch MRC
implemented in terrestrial digital broadcasting TV. Firstly, using a
four-element dipole array, the relationship between decrease in the diversity
gain and reduction of the receive power, and decrease in the diversity gain and
the number of branches to be reduced received power, was investigated. Then, a
simple method of predicting the diversity gain under the power imbalance
condition is given. Finally, the proposed method is confirmed by the analysis
using a model of a portable digital broadcasting TV set held with both hands.
09:00 CB.4 ANGLE AND POLARIZATION DIVERSITY IN
COMPACT DUAL-ANTENNA TERMINALS WITH CHASSIS EXCITATION
For
multiple antennas on a compact terminal chassis, chassis current excitation can
severely increase mutual coupling between the antennas. This is because the
same characteristic mode of the chassis may be strongly excited by more than
one antenna. Here, we propose to use one antenna that exploits chassis
excitation and introduce a second antenna that minimizes chassis excitation. In
this way, angle and polarization diversity can be realized. The concept is
illustrated and verified through the design of a practical dual-antenna
prototype at 920 MHz, which achieves an isolation of over 30 dB and total
efficiencies of above 80%.
09:20 Tea/Coffee Break
09:40 CB.5 MULTI-ANTENNA DECOUPLING TECHNIQUE EXPLOITING
MISO CHANNEL ON NEIGHBORING ANTENNAS
In
this paper, a novel decoupling technique suitable for a compact array antenna
is proposed. In this technique, an orthogonal excitation weight in MISO channel
between 2x1 antennas are utilized. The simulation results demonstrate the
excellent isolation and matching characteristics can be obtained when the proposed
decoupling technique is applied to a compact three inverted-F array. Also, the
proposed technique offers high radiation efficiency over the broad bandwidth.
10:00 CB.6 DESIGN OF COMPACT SINGLE-SECTION
DIRECTIONAL COUPLER FOR BUTLER MATRIX BEAM-FORMING MIMO
This paper demonstrates a new design of 3-dB coupler
operating between 3.1 GHz and 10.6 GHz. Together with UWB phase shifter, this
coupler is claimed to be one of the key factors in designing a Butler Matrix
for a beamforming network. The arrangement between beamforming and
multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) can broaden the coverage and capacity
of users for wireless communication system. The proposed coupler design was
accomplished in multilayer microstrip-slot technology by employing broadside
coupling technique which offers a very tight coupling of 3 dB over the
designated frequency band.
10:20 End of the Session
Session Chairs: Alphan Sennaroglu, U. Morgner
Session D03
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Tuesday, August 16, 08:00-12:00
Room Dolmabahçe B
08:00 D03.1 GENERATION OF FEW-OPTICAL-CYCLE PULSES
TUNABLE FROM THE NEAR TO THE FAR IR BY OPTICAL PARAMETRIC AMPLIFIERS
We
exploit different optical parametric amplification schemes to generate
ultra-broadband pulses with J-level energy broadly tunable from the near to the
far-IR spectral region. In all cases we approach the single optical cycle limit
with suitable compression techniques. Such pulses enable ultrafast spectroscopy
on a variety of systems with unprecedented temporal resolution.
08:20 D03.2 NONLINEARITY ENGINEERING OF MODE-LOCKED
FIBER LASERS: SIMILARITON AND SOLITON- SIMILARITON LASERS
F. O. Ilday, B. Oktem, C. Ulgudur, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
Fiber
lasers are attractive with their simplicity, high powers and low cost. However,
propagation of short pulses in optical fiber leads to nonlinear effects, which
limit the technical performance. These effects drive rich dynamics, which is
interesting from a fundamental perspective. The nonlinear waves community has
unraveled the fascinating world of solitons and similaritons through experiments
in fibers. This paper overviews the recent development of the
soliton-similariton laser. The original similariton laser was the first to work
with nonlinear effects, rather than minimizing or compensating them. In the
soliton-similariton laser, the propagation is strongly nonlinear everywhere.
08:40 D03.3 FEMTOSECOND SOURCES FOR OPTICAL ARBITRARY
WAVEFORM GENERATION
Advances
in high repetition-rate femtosecond laser technology for optical arbitrary
waveform generation will be described. Combs spanning two octaves, from 500nm
to 2mm, based on GHz modelocked Ti:sapphire and
erbium-fiber lasers, have been carrier-envelope stabilized and frequency
referenced.
09:00 D03.4 RECENT PROGRESS IN CARBON NANOTUBE SATURABLE
ABSORBERS FOR ULTRAFAST BULK SOLID-STATE LASERS
F. Rotermund, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea, South Korea
Carbon
nanotubes are one of the most investigated nanomaterials due to their unique
electric and optical properties. In recent years, the nonlinear optical
characteristics were intensively investigated not only for electronic, but also
for photonic applications. In this work, recent progress in novel saturable
absorbers based on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) applicable for
passive mode-locking of ultrafast bulk solid-state lasers is reviewed.
Important linear and nonlinear optical characteristics of SWCNT saturable
absorbers and their application as ultrafast mode-locking devices for different
bulk lasers in the spectral range between 800 and 2000 nm will be shown.
09:20 Tea/Coffee Break
09:40 D03.5 ASYNCHRONOUS OPTICAL SAMPLING WITH GHZ
REPETITION RATE FEMTOSECOND LASERS FOR HIGH PRECISION TERAHERTZ SPECTROSCOPY
T. Dekorsy, G. Klatt, R. Gebs, C. Janke, A. Barteks, University Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
We
report a terahertz time-domain spectrometer with 6THz spectral coverage and
1GHz resolution based on high-speed asynchronous optical sampling (ASOPS).
ASOPS employs two femtosecond lasers with 1GHz repetition rate which are
stabilized to a repetition rate off-set frequency of 2kHz. The time delay
between pump pulses exciting a photoconductive THz emitter and probe pulses is
scanned without a mechanical delay stage. The timing jitter between pump and
probe pulses is reduced to 40fs over the full scan range. We demonstrate the
capabilities of ASOPS for gas spectroscopy and the characterization of
frequency selective surfaces.
10:00 D03.6 ULTRASHORT PULSE AMPLIFICATION IN FIBERS:
CHALLENGES, STATUS AND POTENTIAL
J. Limpert, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
The
recent demonstration of rare-earth-doped fiber lasers with a continuous-wave
output power approaching the 10 kW-level with diffraction-limited beam quality
has proven that fiber lasers constitute a power-scalable solid-state laser
concept. To generate intense pulses from a fiber several fundamental limitations
have to be overcome. Nevertheless, novel experimental strategies and fiber
designs offer an enormous potential towards ultrafast laser systems with high
average powers (>kW) and high peak power (>GW). The challenges,
achievements and perspectives of ultrashort pulse generation and amplification
in fibers will be reviewed.
10:20 D03.7 FEMTOSECOND NON-DIFFRACTING BESSEL BEAMS
AND CONTROLLED NANOSCALE ABLATION
J. M. Dudley, FEMTO-ST, Besancon, France
We
review our recent results applying the stable nonlinear propagation of
nondiffracting Bessel beams to femtosecond laser ablation in dielectric
materials. We describe our spatial light modulator setup that allows for
flexible and reconfigurable beam profile synthesis, we interpret the physics in
terms of the formation of a steady plasma channel, and we present results of
both multishot and single shot machining.
10:40 D03.8 TRIPLE PHOTONS : FROM NONLINEAR GENERATION
TO QUANTUM CORRELATIONS
We
implemented an experiment using a KTP crystal pumped at 532 nm that allowed the
first generation of triple photons. It corresponds to the creation of three
correlated photons from the splitting of a single photon from a pure third
order down conversion parametric process. We gave prominence to the experimental
and theoretical demonstrations of quantum correlations of these triple photons.
We considered several protocols, including the recombination of the three
photons and the three possible recombinations by pairs. These original results
open the way to new fundamental quantum optics studies that should have
applications in quantum information and cryptography.
11:00 D03.9 OPTICAL PHENOMENA AND DYNAMICS IN ORGANIC
MICROCAVITY LASER
Formalism
for the interaction of organic molecules with a microstructure cavity is
presented. We study the effect of emission and absorption properties of organic
molecules in a micro-structured cavity on lasing condition. The formalism is
based on coupled-mode theory and provides analytical expression for steady
state operation. This study suggests routes to obtain an ultra-low threshold
organic laser that can ultimately pave the way to development of an
electro-luminescent solid-state organic laser device.
11:20 D03.10 A TABLETOP MID-IR LIGHT SOURCE FOR THE
GENERATION OF SUB-1-NM COHERENT ULTRAFAST X-RAYS
We
demonstrate a compact 20-Hz-repetition-rate mid-IR OPCPA system operating at
the central wavelength of 3900 nm with an FWHM bandwidth of 600 nm and
delivering 8-mJ pulses that are compressed to 83 fs (< 7 optical cycles).
Because of the long optical period (~13 fs) and a high peak power, the system
opens a range of unprecedented opportunities for tabletop ultrafast science and
is particularly attractive as a driver for a highly efficient generation of
ultrafast coherent X ray continua for bio-molecular and element-specific
imaging. In a preliminary experiment, we extend the spectral region of a fully
phase-matched higher order harmonic generation to 1.6 keV which provides a
significant photon flux inside and beyond the X-ray water window, including the
fingerprint region of magnetic Ledges. This is the most extreme documented
nonlinear frequency conversion corresponding to the harmonic order of >5000
and the broadest continuum reported to date for any laser source.
11:40 D03.11 CARBON NANOTUBES BASED PHOTONICS: TOWARDS
THE LASER
Semiconducting
single wall carbon nanotubes (s-SWNTs) have generated a growing interest for
several years due to their extraordinary optical properties. A strong
enhancement of the photoluminescence properties has been obtained thanks to the
extraction of s-SWNTs. These advances led to the first demonstration of optical
gain in carbon nanotubes and are a precursor to obtain nanotube-based laser.
Finally, we will present the integration of s-SWNT in silicon photonic
structures, and experimentally demonstrate light emission in silicon
waveguides. These results constitute a significant milestone towards the
development of carbon nanotube based laser sources in silicon.
12:00 End of the Session
E03 – High Power and Intentional EMI (in memory of Carl E. Baum)
Session Chairs: Frank Sabath, Karl Langenberg, William Radasky
Session E03
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Tuesday, August 16, 08:00-12:00
Room Galata
08:00 E03.1 REMEMBERING CARL E. BAUM - TRIBUTE TO A
DISTINGUISHED SCIENTIST
This
contribution is a tribute to a completed career that has spanned more than four
decades. Dr. Carl E. Baum was a remarkably creative engineer who has introduced
innumerable new concepts in mathematics, electromagnetic theory, and system
design, many of which remain the standards of excellence today. From his
earliest designs in electromagnetic pulse (EMP) sensors and simulators to the
latest developments in high-power microwave and ultra- wideband antenna and
system design, his research has remained ever on the forefront of technology.
08:20 E03.2 ELECTROMAGNETIC DETECTION IN NATURAL AND
MAN-MADE DISASTERS
Previously
the authors developed a theory for detecting objects through a complex
dielectric interface using the mathematical structure of the dyadic Green's
function to improve upon existing approximations for predicting the
electromagnetic fields generated by and onto canonical structures such as loops
and dipoles. By restructuring the dyadic Green's function formalism we have
derived simple expressions for scattering objects embedded in the same complex
dielectric as the sensor, as well as objects at the dielectric interface and
those outside the sensor dielectric region. Examples are given for detection
over a conducting surface and for an embedded object.
08:40 E03.3 ENERGY PATTERNS OF THE PROTOTYPE
IMPULSE-RADIATING ANTENNA
In
this paper we consider a reflector-type of an Impulse Radiating Antenna (IRA)
as an example of a hyperband antenna. The radiation pattern of an IRA is a
strong function of frequency. The lower frequencies of the input pulse have
lower gain and large beam-widths, while the higher frequencies have a higher
gain and smaller beam-widths. We describe an energy pattern of the IRA, as a
simple and unique descriptor of the transient antenna.
09:00 E03.4 DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF A COAXIAL
EXPONENTIAL TRANSMISSION LINE FOR A HALF IMPULSE RADIATING ANTENNA
This
paper describes the simulation and design of a coaxial exponential matching
transmission line for the connection of a 50-Ohm generator to a Half Impulse
Radiating Antenna (HIRA) having an input impedance Za= 100 Ohm. The frequency
band of adaptation is defined between 50 MHz and 1 GHz. The principles of
design and the simulation of the performance of the adaptor in time and
frequency domain are presented and discussed.
09:20 Tea/Coffee Break
09:40 E03.5 GENERATION AND RADIATION OF HIGH-POWER
MESOBAND WAVEFORMS USING QUARTER-WAVE SWITCHED OSCILLATORS
In
the late 1990s and early 2000s, Carl Baum proposed the idea of generating
moderate bandwidth electromagnetic waveforms using quarter-wave switched
oscillators. After his initial conceptual proposition, it took several years to
realize these systems, and many lessons were learned along the way. This
article captures the details of the modeling and design methodologies that we
have developed over the years in order to obtain oscillators with specific
characteristics. The design methodology consists of a delicate balance among
the pulsed power, electrodynamic, and mechanical considerations, each of which
often work against each other in practice.
10:00 E03.6 A SWITCHED OSCILLATOR AS AN ANTENNA FOR
HIGH POWER THZ GENERATION
This
paper presents an approach to high power THz generation that uses a Switched
Oscillator (SwO) as a photoconductively-switched antenna. A simplified model is
used to demonstrate the SwO as an effective THz radiator. Numerical simulations
are used to optimize various parameters of interest with the primary objective
of maximizing the radiated energy and minimizing lossess. The radiation Q and
resonant frequency are obtained as function of each parameter.
10:20 E03.7 USING THE HALF FOURIER TRANSFORM FOR SEM
ANALYSIS OF BOTH EARLY AND LATE TIME RESPONSES IN THE PRESENCE OF NOISE
A
technique for estimating the SEM parameters of damped sinusoids utilizing both
early and late time transient scattering data contaminated by noise is
described using the Half Fourier Transform (HFT). The importance of this novel
methodology is how to simultaneously exploit both early time and late time data
as for a practical system it is difficult to separate them and still be able to
identify the late time poles along with the early time specular type of
returns.
10:40 E03.8 STATISTICAL DESCRIPTION OF SHIELDING
PROBLEMS USING MULTIPOLE ANALYSIS
K. Koerber, L. Klinkenbusch, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
The
paper describes the influence of small statistical variations in the physical
parameters on the shielding behavior of an enclosure. The varying parameters
are given in terms of the first few statistical moments of their distributions.
From these the amplitudes of a spherical-multipole expansion are derived
analytically. These multipole amplitudes contain the statistical properties of
the electromagnetic field valid not only in a single point but in a spherical
region around the center of the expansion inside of a shield. Two first
examples demonstrate the validity of the approach.
11:00 E03.9 WHAT CAN BE LEARNED FROM DOCUMENTED
INTENTIONAL ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE (IEMI) ATTACKS?
F. Sabath, Federal Ministry of Defence, Bonn, Germany
The
existing threat by criminal (intentional) use of electromagnetic tools is
investigated. Reported Intentional Electromagnetic Interference (IEMI) attacks
and similar incidents will be analyzed and discussed in regard to aspects like
motivation and technical skills of the culprits, characteristics of the
generated IEMI environment as well as effects on the target systems. Concluding
common characteristics will lead to a discussion of the technological challenge
of recognition and identification of an IEMI attack as well as backtracking of
observed malfunction and destructions to an external IEMI environment.
11:20 E03.10 COMBINATION OF THE FAILURE PROBABILITY
WITH A RANDOM ANGLE OF INCIDENCE OF THE RADIATED INTERFERENCE
Electronic
devices exposed to high level electromagnetic interference will fail with a
certain probability. Knowing this failure probability is essential when a
system is being designed to withstand intentional electromagnetic interference
(IEMI). In previous investigations failure probability was analyzed for the
case where a device was illuminated from one direction only. If the device is
illuminated from other directions, then the failure probability will change. In
this contribution it is discussed how the failure probability determined for
one direction can be extended in order to include a random angle of incidence
of the interference.
11:40 E03.11 AUTOMATED AND ADAPTIVE RF EFFECTS TESTING
Testing
electronics for vulnerability to radio frequency (RF) radiation is
time-consuming, due to the large number of source variables of interest,
including center frequency, pulse width, pulse repetition frequency, number of
pulses, and bandwidth. One must intelligently select the source parameters most
likely to expose the greatest vulnerability. We do so here using standard
techniques from minimization theory. Within a space of two or more variables,
we search for the combination that upsets the system at the lowest power or
field level. We investigated the vulnerability of media converters to pulsed RF
fields, by pinging a remote computer.
12:00 End of the Session
F03 – Tropospheric Modeling for Radiowave Propagation and Radar Remote Sensing
Session Chairs: Robert Watson, Marlene Pontes
Session F03
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Tuesday, August 16, 08:00-12:00
Room Haliç
08:00 F03.1 COMPARISON OF RADAR REFLECTIVITY
CALCULATIONS TO SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS ACROSS THE MELTING LAYER OF PRECIPITATION
Calculations
of the radar reflectivity factor across the melting layer of precipitation,
based on the eccentric spheres model for melting ice particles, successfully
reproduce measured data provided by the Precipitation Radar (PR) of the
Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) satellite. Our model follows TRMM
measurements best if the raindrops beneath the melting layer are sized
according to the Marshall-Palmer distribution and the rain rate is low. The
Gamma size distribution is more appropriate for high rain rates. The
comparisons bring to the light cases of incorrect information about the height
and width of the melting layer in TRMM data.
08:20 F03.2 FADE DURATION AND FADE SLOPE STATISTICS
DERIVED FROM LONG-TERM ANIK-F2 SATELLITE BEACON MEASUREMENTS IN OTTAWA-CANADA
C. Amaya, T. Nguyen, Communications Research Centre Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Fade
duration and fade slope provide essential information to design fade mitigation
techniques. Statistics for 2006-2009 from the 20-GHz beacon of Telesats Anik F2
satellite are presented. The impact of data filtering is discussed. Four fade
duration models are tested using Anik F2 distributions. Slope PDFs show
symmetry between positive and negative values; a clear dependence on fade level
is verified. General agreement was observed between measured CDFs and the ITU-R
model. Finally, the comparison of distributions from the 20- and 30-GHz beacons
of NASA ACTS satellite confirms the frequency-independent behaviour of fade
slope.
08:40 F03.3 STUDIES ON RAIN STRUCTURE BASED ON GROUND
BASED DROPSIZE DISTRIBUTION AND RAIN ATTENUATION MEASUREMENTS OVER AN EARTH
SPACE PATH
A. Bhattacharya, A. Maitra, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
The
drop size distribution (DSD) of rain in tropical region shows the
characteristic features of different types of rain, namely, stratiform,
transitional and convective. This is also indicated in behaviors of the rain
decay parameter, obtained from the measurements of rain rate and attenuation
over an earth-space path. The DSD parameters and rain decay parameter give
similar clustering indicating the feature of convective and stratiform rain. To
predict rain attenuation from rain rate, the decay parameter is modeled for
different rain rate regions that provides a good matching between the predicted
and measured values.
09:00 F03.4 THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN EMPIRICAL MODEL FOR
SINGLE TREE TRUNK RE-RADIATION PATTERN FOR DRET MODEL APPLICATIONS
This
paper presents the work carried out in an effort of modelling the scattering
and absorption effects of single tree trunks with application to the discrete
Radiative Energy Transfer (dRET) based model applications. The assessment of
the proposed empirical model was performed against measurements of both
metallic and dielectric cylinders, mimicking tree trunks, at several micro- and
millimetre wave frequencies, i.e. 9.4, 18.8 and 37.6 GHz. These were carried
out in a controlled environment, i.e. an anechoic chamber, so that frequency
dependent effects could be evaluated.
09:20 Tea/Coffee Break
09:40 F03.5 POLARIMETRIC SCATTERING AND RADAR ECHOES
FROM INHOMOGENEOUS SCATTER MEDIA WITH ROUGH INTERFACES
Y.-Q. Jin, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
A
theoretical model of stratified lunar regolith media with scatterers and rough
interfaces for numerical simulation of polarimetric radar pulse echoes are
developed. The lunar layer consists of the low lossy regolith layer with
randomly rough top and bottom interfaces, and a layer of random
stone-scatterers (spatially oriented oblate spheroids are assumed) is embedded
and overlays the underlying rock media. The time domain Mueller matrix solution
derived from vector radiative transfer formulations contains seven scattering
mechanisms of the stratified media: surface scattering from the rough top and
bottom interfaces, volumetric scattering from random stone scatterers, and
their multi-interactions.
10:00 F03.6 ON THE USEFULNESS OF SELECTED RADIO WAVES
PROPAGATION MODELS FOR DESIGNING MOBILE WIRELESS SYSTEMS IN CONTAINER TERMINAL
ENVIRONMENT
S. J. Ambroziak, R. J. Katulski, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
Modelling
of basic transmission loss in container terminal is difficult, so it is
important to determine which propagation model is the most usefulness for it.
At the outset of the paper the applied research methodology have been
presented. Next, the selected propagation models have been shortly
characterized. These models are: ITU-R P.1411-4, COST231 Walfisch-Ikegami and
empirical model for fixed radio networks in the container terminal. The main
part of the paper presents results of verification, based on mean error and
standard error of estimate. Future research aimed at developing new propagation
model have been shortly presented.
10:20 F03.7 PREDICTION OF DIFFRACTION EFFECTS DUE TO
IRREGULAR TERRAIN ON RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION IN THE VHF AND UHF BANDS
Many
models have been proposed to represent diffraction effects on the propagation
of radio waves over irregular terrain in the VHF and UHF bands. Predictions
from these models have been compared with results from field-strength
measurements available in extensive databases that also incorporate the
technical parameters of thousands of VHF and UHF links. Possible sources of the
still high values of the standard deviations of errors between predictions and
measurements will be identified and discussed, with particular attention to
uncertainties on digital elevation models and on the effective Earths radius,
as well as to effects from lateral propagation.
10:40 F03.8 RADIO WAVE DIFFRACTION BY TERRAIN
IRREGULARITIES
M. S. Assis, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
This
paper deals with the problem of diffraction by terrain irregularities. To avoid
the difficulties associated to the general solution, which is given by an
integral equation, simplified methods for the evaluation of radio wave
attenuation are available. However, the accuracy of these methods depends on
restrictions imposed by frequency, link parameters (path distance and antenna
heights) and terrain profile. In this paper emphasis is given to the work that
is being carried out in the Study Group 3 (Radiowave Propagation) of ITU-R
(Radiocommunication Sector of the International Telecommunication Union).
11:00 F03.9 COMPUTING THE INFLUENCE OF WIND TURBINES
ON RF SYSTEMS TAKING INTO ACCOUNT TERRAIN.
E. H. Van Lil, J.-W. De Bleser, A. R. Van de Capelle, K.U.Leuven, Heverlee, Brabant, Belgium
Previous
studies have focused on the influence of moving objects such as wind turbines
on aeronautical and maritime radars, usually working in the L/S band and in the
X-band respectively. Here, we will not only take into account terrain
properties, but also compute systems very close to each other and at lower
frequencies, where UTD is no longer valid. In addition, particular attention
will be paid to the computations of systems that are in the near-field of the
antenna.
11:20 F03.10 THE JOINT INVERSE FILTERING AND PARAMETRIC
IDENTIFICATION FOR COMPLEX RADAR IMAGE
The
paper suggests combining the inverse filtering and the parametric
identification in the post-processing sequence of the complex radar image. The
image can be modeled assuming the superposition of the identical partial
responses from the effective target point-scatterers. Their positions
correspond to the geometrical profile of target in the image coordinate plane.
The proposed algorithm of radar image post-processing consists of the
parametric and the non-parametric procedures which are used to improve the
image resolution and to identify geometrical form of the target. The presented
simulated results illustrate the main steps of radar image post-processing.
11:40 F03.11 COMPARISON OF HYDROMETEOR ATTENUATION ON
PARALLEL TERRESTRIAL PATHS AT 58 GHZ AND 93 GHZ
The
results of 3-year experimental research of attenuation due to hydrometeors at
58 GHz and 93 GHz parallel terrestrial paths are given. The obtained cumulative
distributions of attenuation due to all the hydrometeors combined, monthly
cumulative distributions of attenuation due to all the hydrometeors combined,
cumulative distributions of attenuation due to the individual hydrometeors
separately, and cumulative distributions of rain intensities are given. The
influence of individual hydrometeors on attenuation is analysed. The obtained
cumulative distribution of attenuation due to rain only is compared with the
calculated one in accordance with the relevant ITU-R recommendations.
12:00 End of the Session
G03 - Recent Developments in and Coordinated Studies with Incoherent Scatter Radars
Session Chairs: Anja Strømme, Ian McCrea, Ingemar Haggstrom
Session G03
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Tuesday, August 16, 08:00-12:00
Room Topkapi A
08:00 G03.1 GLOBAL SCALE IONOSPHERIC MONITORING -
FUTURE DEVELOPMENT
Incoherent
scatter radars have developed considerably in recent years with the deployment
of multiple new systems (Poker Flat, Alaska, Resolute Bay, Canada, and in
development in China, Argentina, Antarctica, and Scandinavia, as well as a
second system at Resolute Bay) and operational changes to support continuous
and remote measurements. We will discuss plans to add further observational
sites, built around phased array incoherent scatter radars, to cover a complete
geomagnetic meridian; plans to further integrate the routine operation of many
radars around the globe; and the potential for hardware collaboration for
future incoherent scatter radar systems.
08:20 G03.2 COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF HEATING AND ION
UPFLOW AT SONDRE STROMFJORD AND EISCAT
Although
the Sondrestrom radar is at a lower geographic latitude than any of EISCATs
mainland radars, its geomagnetic latitude and dip angle are comparable to those
of the EISCAT Svalbard Radar. In this study, we compare the statistics of ion
upflows observed at Sondrestromfjord with those obtained at EISCAT (Tromso and
Svalbard) during comparable periods. We will also look at the underlying
variations in ion and electron temperature which play a role in driving these
outflow events, and discuss the extent to which the relationship between
geomagnetic and geographic latitude might contribute to the differences
observed.
08:40 G03.3 POLAR CAP ELECTRIC FIELD OBSERVATIONS FROM
THE RESOLUTE BAY INCOHERENT SCATTER RADAR
H. Bahcivan, M. J. Nicolls, C. J. Heinselman, SRI International, Menlo Park, United States
The
new incoherent scatter radar in Resolute Bay (RISR) is providing first-time
observations of fine-scale spatial and temporal electric potential structures
in the polar cap ionosphere. The sub-minute resolution ionospheric convection
response can be intimately tied to solar wind magnetic pulses measured by the
ACE and WIND spacecraft. Furthermore, we present estimates of electric
potential maps (over ~ 500x500 km latitudinal and longitudinal extent)
constructed using simultaneous multi-beam position line-of-sight velocity
measurements and new inversion techniques. The electric field divergence
averaged over the mapped region shows diurnal variation consistent with a
two-cell convection pattern.
09:00 G03.4 DETERMINATION OF PRECIPITATING ELECTRON
FLUXES FROM INVERSION OF COORDINATED ALIS/EISCAT OBSERVATIONS.
In
March 2008, discrete stable auroral arcs were investigated during a coordinated
observational campaign between the European Incoherent Scatter Radar (EISCAT)
and the Auroral Large Imaging System (ALIS). The two sets of data are inverted
to retrieve fluxes of precipitating electrons. Both results are matching in
energy and shape with a typical average precipitation energy of a few keV.
Finally, by using the average energy spectrum of electrons deduced from ALIS
data as input for the TRANS4 kinetic/fluid electron transport 1D model,
computed auroral emissions are compared to ALIS observations and electron
density profiles are compared to EISCAT profiles.
09:20 Tea/Coffee Break
09:40 G03.5 EISCAT_3D: EUROPES NEXT-GENERATION RADAR
FOR STUDIES OF THE UPPER ATMOSPHERE AND GEOSPACE
I. W. McCrea, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
EISCAT
is leading a Preparatory Phase project for EISCAT_3D, a new multistatic phased
array system, to replace its radars in Scandinavia. EISCAT_3D will be the most
advanced IS radar yet constructed, combining multiple beams, advanced imaging,
flexible signal processing and greatly improved resolution and sensitivity. The
Preparatory Phase will resolve the technical, financial, logistical and
political issues to be clarified before construction. It began in October 2010
and continues until September 2014. We will review the objectives of the study,
summarise its current status, look ahead to future challenges, and report on
the supporting actions contributing to EISCAT_3D development.
10:00 G03.6 MULTISCALE SOFTWARE RADAR NETWORKS AND THE
GEOSPACE ARRAY
F. D. Lind, MIT Haystack Observatory, Westford, MA, United States
Ground
based Incoherent Scatter Radar has provided a sustained record of observation
and scientific discovery. However, these systems are limited by the ad-hoc and
incremental nature of their creation, the diverse technologies used, and the
costs associated with maintenance and operations. It is difficult to break free
of these limitations and addressing them requires a paradigm change. We will
discuss how multi-scale software radar arrays could result in a global array
for observation of the Geospace environment. We will also highlight how the
development of EISCAT 3D radar system is a major step in this direction.
10:20 G03.7 THE EISCAT_3D ARBITRARY WAVEFORM EXCITER
AND POLYPHASE CONSTANT AMPLITUDE CODES FOR EISCAT VHF AND ESR D/E LAYER
EXPERIMENTS
The
AD9957 fast digital up-converter has been found to possess most of the
qualities required to implement the beam-steering and arbitrary waveform
capabilities of the EISCAT_3D radar system. An exciter system based on the
AD9957 is now under construction. As an integral part of this programme, two
constant-amplitude polyphase experiments with excellent D- and E-region
properties have been developed. One of these will be tested on the existing
EISCAT radars during the 2011 PMSE season. The AD9957, the exciter and the
polyphase codes will be presented; results and conclusions from the test
experiments will be reported.
10:40 G03.8 THE EFFECTS OF COULOMB COLLISIONS ON H+
AND HE+ PLASMAS FOR TOPSIDE INCOHERENT SCATTER RADAR APPLICATIONS AT JICAMARCA
To
continue the work of Milla and Kudeki [2011] on Coulomb collisions, we have
recently started the development of a multi-component collisional incoherent
scatter spectrum model that considers O+, H+, and He+ plasmas as needed for
topside perpendicular-to-B observations at Jicamarca. The spectrum model is
being developed based on simulations of particle trajectories in magnetized
plasmas where collision effects are modeled by friction and diffusive forces
with expected values taken from the Fokker-Planck equation of Rosenbluth et al.
[1957]. In this presentation, we will report on our advances on the development
of this new spectrum model.
11:00 G03.9 EISCAT APERTURE SYNTHESIS IMAGING (EASI_3D)
FOR THE EISCAT_3D PROJECT
C. La Hoz, V. Belyey, University of Tromso, Tromso, Norway
Aperture
Synthesis Imaging Radar (ASIR), code-named EASI_3D, is the technology adopted
by the EISCAT_3D project to give imaging capabilities in 3-dimensions including
sub-beam resolution. Complemented by pulse compression, it will provide
3-dimensional images of certain types of incoherent scatter radar targets
resolved to about 100 metres at 100 km range. This ability will open new research
opportunities to map small structures associated with non-homogeneous, unstable
processes such as aurora, summer and winter polar radar echoes (PMSE and PMWE),
Natural Enhanced Ion Acoustic Lines (NEIALs), structures excited by HF
ionospheric heating, meteors, space debris, and others.
11:20 G03.10 THE D-REGION IONOSPHERE DURING THE SOLAR
MINIMUM AS SEEN BY THE EISCAT SVALBARD CONTINUOUS 1-YEAR IPY RADAR EXPERIMENT
The
EISCAT Svalbard Radar (ESR) was operated in a continuous mode during the
International Polar Year (IPY), starting on 1 March 2007 and ending on 29
February 2008. The radar experiment was dedicated to ensure good coverage also
in the ionospheric lower E and D regions, in addition to covering the more
standard experiment target, the ionospheric F peak, and reaching into the
topside ionosphere. By using this unique continuous dataset gathered during the
solar minimum, we show that anomalous variability of the quiet daytime electron
density in the D region can be explained by the varying NO concentration.
11:40 G03.11 RADIO AURORA EXPLORER TO PROVIDE COHERENT
SCATTER CAPABILITY FOR UHF INCOHERENT SCATTER RADARS
The
Radio Aurora Explorer Cube-Sat mission is a ground-to-space bi-static radar
experiment utilizing UHF incoherent scatter radars (PFISR, RISR, Millstone,
ESR, and Arecibo) to measure plasma turbulence from mid-to-high latitudes in
the altitude range 80-500 km. The experiment provides common-volume
measurements of (1) ionospheric irregularities with high spatial/angular
resolution and (2) quiescent plasma parameters using incoherently scattered
signals. RAX I was launched in 11/2010 and conducted a successful radar
experiment with PFISR; however, it is currently experiencing power issues.
Meanwhile, RAX II is to be launched in 10/2011.
12:00 End of the Session
H03 – Wave-particle Interactions and Their Effects on Planetary Radiation Belts I
Session Chairs: Jacob Bortnik, Craig Rodger, Bruce Tsurutani, Richard Horne
Session H03
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Tuesday, August 16, 08:00-12:00
Room Topkapi B
08:00 H03.1 MODELING PITCH ANGLE SCATTERING OF
RADIATION BELT PARTICLES BY THE INJECTION OF LOW FREQUENCY WAVES WITH F-REGION
HF-DRIVEN IONOSPHERIC CURRENTS
Injection
of EMIC and Alfven waves into Earths inner radiation belt to pitch-angle
scatter energetic electrons and protons provides active means to study the
physics of the inner radiation belt. We present a new concept of generating
ionospheric currents in the ULF/ELF range with modulated F-region HF heating
using ground-based transmitters even in the absence of electrojet currents that
is applicable to the Arecibo ionospheric heater. A numerical model is used to
simulate the generation and injection of Alfven waves by the Arecibo heater and
their interaction with the trapped protons and suggest future experiments.
08:20 H03.2 ELECTROMAGNETIC ION CYCLOTRON WAVES AND
GEOMAGNETIC STORMS: GOES AND CRRES OBSERVATIONS
B. J. Fraser, A. J. Halford, University of Newcastle, allaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
In
situ observations in the magnetosphere were undertaken to further pursue the
relationship between geomagnetic storms and electromagnetic ion cyclotron
(EMIC) waves using GOES and CRRES satellite data. Thirteen of 22 storms showed
EMIC waves occurring during the main phase. With CRRES storms were divided into
three phases: pre-onset, main, and recovery. The majority, 56%, of storm time
EMIC waves were found to occur during the main phase, while 36% were observed
in the recovery phase.
08:40 H03.3 ION HEATING BY FAST MAGNETOSONIC WAVES AND
RING CURRENT-ELECTRON RADIATION BELT COUPLING
We
present fast magnetosonic waves observed by CLUSTER and study their effects on
the ion distribution and the excitation of EMIC waves. By modelling the narrow
spectral features of the waves we show that ion energy diffusion is more than
two orders of magnitude larger than pitch angle diffusion. The waves fill in
the ion ring distribution and heat the ion tail creating a large anisotropy at
high energies which may be unstable to EMIC waves. The waves can couple the
ring current to the electron radiation belt directly via electron diffusion,
and indirectly via excitation of EMIC waves.
09:00 H03.4 THE THEORY AND NUMERICAL MODELLING OF NON
LINEAR WAVE PARTICLE INTERACTIONS IN OBLIQUE WHISTLERS
This
work reports on a one dimensional fully nonselfconsistent relativistic code
that computes nonlinear resonant electron trajectories in an obliquely
propagating arbitrary VLF wavefield. By defining a generalised phase for the
nth resonance the distribution function of resonant electrons is computed for
any order n by backward trajectory integration and using Liouvilles theorem.
Each resonance order n obeys the trapping equations. A detailed chorus
wavefield model showed strong trapping with a phase space hole for n=1
resonance and a phase space hill for the n=0 resonance. One pass resonant
particle energisation up to 0.4keV were found.
09:20 Tea/Coffee Break
09:40 H03.5 TRIGGERING PROCESS OF WHISTLER-MODE CHORUS
EMISSIONS IN THE MAGNETOSPHERE
Y. Omura, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan; D. Nunn, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K.
Chorus
emissions are triggered from the linear cyclotron instability driven by temperature anisotropy
of energetic electrons. They grow as an absolute nonlinear instability near the
equator due to an electron hole in velocity space. The transition process from
the linear growth to the nonlinear growth with a rising tone frequency is due
to formation of a resonant current anti-parallel to the wave magnetic field.
The rising-tone frequency introduces a phase shift to the electron hole,
resulting in a resonant current anti-parallel to the wave electric field, which
causes the nonlinear growth. Theory and simulations are presented.
10:00 H03.6 THEORY AND SIMULATIONS OF DISCRETE VLF
EMISSIONS IN THE MAGNETOSPHERE
We
consider the results of theoretical and numerical studies of the of generation
discrete VLF emissions in the Earth's magnetosphere. The physics of cyclotron
wave-particle interactions will be reviewed and current ideas on the mechanism
forming the discrete spectrum of whistler-mode waves will be discussed. Two
most important classes of the discrete emissions, i.e., triggered and chorus
signals will be considered, and their common and specific features will be analyzed.
We discuss the relationship between the model results and observations, and
also possible application of similar mechanisms to the phenomena in the
ion-cyclotron frequency range.
10:20 H03.7 PARTICLE-WAVE-PARTICLE INTERACTIONS
INVOLVING WHISTLER-MODE WAVES IN THE MAGNETOSPHERE.
D. R. Shklyar, Space Research Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
Search
for and understanding of mechanisms for particle energization is a key problem
in physics of the Earths radiation belts. A good deal of suggested mechanisms
is related to resonant interactions between waves and energetic particle. In
the plasmaspheric region of the magnetosphere, energy density variation of resonant
particles is often much larger than the wave energy density. By examples of
whistler-mode wave-electron interactions we emphasize that, in many cases, the
energy increase (decrease) of resonant particles is related to energy transfer
from (to) other group of resonant particles, while the wave basically mediates
the energization process.
10:40 H03.8 CHORUS VARIATION DURING THE COMPRESSION OF
MAGNETOSPHERE
Chorus
is important in space science due to its role in generation of relativistic
electrons in the Van Allen radiation belts, which are hazardous to satellites
and astronauts. Although chorus has been studied for several decades and many
theories have been proposed, its generation and growth mechanisms are still not
well understood. In this manuscript, we show an unexpected observation, based
on measurements from the NASA THEMIS satellites, that chorus can be
significantly amplified when an interplanetary shock that originates from Sun
hits Earths magnetosphere. The shock-induced anisotropic distribution of
energetic electrons leads to the growth of chorus.
11:00 H03.9 UNUSUAL OBSERVATION OF CHORUS AT L=2.6
On
the 4th August 2010, chorus was observed on Marion Island (L=2.6). A similar
event was observed at Palmer Station, Antarctica (L=2.44) during the Halloween
Storms of 2003. The spatial extent of the 2010 event is discussed and data from
several systems, including DEMETER VLF, GPS particle and AARDVARK precipitation
data are analysed. We investigate the location of the plasmapause with
satellite data. Preliminary analysis of low resolution VLF data from other mid
and high latitude stations show that a similar emission was observed at these
sites, but at different times.
11:20 H03.10 DIFFUSION-ADVECTION MODELING OF
WAVE-PARTICLE INTERACTIONS IN THE RADIATION BELTS
J. M. Albert, Air Force Research Laboratory, Hanscom AFB, MA, United States
Properly
treating wave-particle interactions is crucial to modeling and predicting the
behavior of radiation belt electrons. The usual quasi-linear theory alone
cannot capture the effects likely to be caused by nonlinear interactions with
coherent waves, particularly chorus. Detailed analytical estimates of nonlinear
particle motion in a specified wave have been developed, and and combined with
detailed wave models can be used to formulate a combined diffusion-advection
equation for the electron phase space density. Quasi-linear diffusion is
recovered for small amplitude waves, but phase bunching and phase trapping,
caused by larger amplitude waves, can also be included.
11:40 H03.11 RELATIVISTIC MICROBURST STORM
CHARACTERISTICS: COMBINED SATELLITE AND GROUND-BASED OBSERVATIONS
We
report a comparison of SAMPEX detected relativistic electron microbursts and
short-lived subionospheric VLF perturbations termed FAST events, observed at
Sodankyl Geophysical Observatory, Finland, during 2005. The observed FAST event
perturbation decay times were consistent with ionospheric recovery from bursts
of relativistic electron precipitation. Our study strongly suggests that the
region over which microbursts occur during storm event periods can be at least
~90 in longitude (~6 hours in MLT). This confirms earlier estimates of
microburst storm size, suggesting that microbursts could be a significant loss
mechanism for radiation belt relativistic electrons during geomagnetic storms.
12:00 End of the Session
J03 – Technology Development for the SKA Program
Session Chairs: Ken Kellermann, Richard Schilizzi
Session J03
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Tuesday, August 16, 08:00-12:00
Room Marmara
08:00 J03.1 POWER CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE SQUARE
KILOMETRE ARRAY (SKA) RADIO TELESCOPE
The
SKA will be the world's most sensitive radio telescope and is expected to be
fully operational below 10 GHz by 2023. It will extend over more than 3000 km
but over half its collecting area will be located at one of two remote,
radio-quiet sites in either Australia or South Africa. The instrument will
collect and process vast amounts of information, and the provision of reliable,
affordable electrical power over a 30-50 year operational lifetime is a major
challenge. This paper outlines some of the issues and a few exemplar
innovations in the SKA power area.
08:20 J03.2 THE SKA RFI AND TROPOSPHERIC SITE TESTING
PROGRAM
R. P. Millenaar, SPDO, Manchester, United Kingdom
The
Square Kilometre Array project will soon decide upon where this new large radio
telescope will be located, on the basis of a range of criteria. Two
environmental aspects are examined for maximum scientific return through
measurements at candidate sites: the radio frequency interference (RFI) and
tropospheric environments. High sensitivity as well as high speed measurements
will make an inventory of the RFI at the core sites and at a selection of
remote sites. Tropospheric phase stability will be investigated using two
identical interferometer systems pointed to geostationary satellites, in a
campaign lasting at least one year. A report.
08:40 J03.3 SIGNAL TRANSPORT AND NETWORKS FOR THE SKA
R. McCool, The SKA Programme Development Office, Manchester, United Kingdom
The
signal transport and networks of the SKA are the backbone of the telescope;
they interface with almost every aspect of the system. They provide services,
fundamental to the operation of the SKA as an aperture synthesis
interferometer, such as timing and synchronisation and the transmission of data
from receptors to a correlator. Signal transport and networks provide
communication links both internally to the telescope and externally to the SKA
regional centres around the world. This paper will describe the requirements
placed on these networks by the telescope and the technical progress in
developing solutions to deliver this required functionality.
09:00 J03.4 REFLECTOR ANTENNAS (DISHES) FOR THE SQUARE
KILOMETRE ARRAY (SKA)
P. E. Dewdney, N. Roddis, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
Parabolic
reflectors (dishes) are the most general purpose, flexible antennas used in
radio astronomy, typically able with multiple feeds to cover two orders of
magnitude in frequency. The SKA requirements will push the limits of dish
design for decimetre wavelengths beyond that of any existing dishes. The SKAs
sensitivity as well as its wide-field imaging requirements push performance
limits, while the need to produce and deploy thousands of dishes in an array
spanning continental baselines push cost and fabrication limits. This paper
will discuss SKA requirements and a combination of techniques being brought to
bear on this design problem.
09:20 Tea/Coffee Break
09:40 J03.5 THE SYSTEM DESIGN FOR THE SQUARE KILOMETRE
ARRAY (SKA)
K. Cloete, P. E. Dewdney, SKA Program Development Office, Manchester, United Kingdom
As
a global project the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) engineering activities are
conducted in parallel at many levels and within many global institutions and
companies. While the SKA will offer huge science impact, the myriad of
potential solutions to its technical challenges put forward and the sheer
complexity of the telescope system indicate a rigorous systematic approach. In
projects of this scale, the discipline of system engineering has been found to
be the key to a successful, focussed design. This paper will present the
approach, progress, status and challenges of the system design effort of the
SKA.
10:00 J03.6 GENERIC CONFIGURATIONS FOR THE SKA
We
have developed generic layouts for both Phase 1 and Phase 2 of the Square
Kilometre Array. We present these layouts here and show some examples of their
sensitivity performance in the uv domain. These layouts are useful for
providing comparisons between "ideal" layouts and those that meet the
siting constraints arising in reality where geography and human activity limit
the accessible terrain.
10:20 J03.7 MEASUREMENT OF A 10 METRE COMPOSITE RADIO
DISH SURFACE SHAPE BETWEEN 2008 AND 2010
G. Lacy, A. Gray, National Research Council, Penticton, BC, Canada
A
composite radio reflector (the MkII) was molded at the Dominion Radio
Astrophysical Observatory (DRAO) in 2008. The MkII was built as a demonstrator
for the International Square Kilometre Array (SKA). Since 2008, the MkII has
been used to test a prototype Phased Array Feed (PHAD). This PHAD demonstrator
puts a substantial load on the structure. The MkII telescope has also been used
to investigate composite thermal and weathering issues. The surface shape of
the main reflector were recorded in 2008 and again in 2010 using a laser
scanner. These data are compared. Some interesting results are presented.
10:40 J03.8 PHASED ARRAY FEEDS FOR THE SQUARE
KILOMETRE ARRAY
A
novel method to form multiple instantaneous beams on the sky with a reflector
antenna is to employ a dense Phased Array Feed (PAF). This technology is
currently being developed to greatly increase the survey speed of existing and
future radio telescopes. This paper reviews the current state of PAF
development projects at several international radio astronomy institutes, the
particular challenges and the potential for incorporation of PAFs into the
ultimate radio survey instrument: the Square Kilometre Array.
11:00 J03.9 DENSE APERTURE ARRAYS FOR THE SQUARE
KILOMETRE ARRAY
A. J. Faulkner, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
Aperture
phased arrays operating up to 1.4 GHz are an exciting technology for the Square
Kilometre Array, SKA. Phased array stations bring major scientific
opportunities including high survey speeds, flexible searching for transient
phenomena, and multi-beaming capability not possible with other collectors. The
technological requirements of high frequency phased arrays are severe with the
channel count and required digital processing. Roadmapping shows that technical
developments make a system realistic from 2018. The Aperture Array Verification
Program, AAVP, is working on a sparse low frequency array and a dense array
from 400MHz to 1450MHz for the SKA.
11:20 J03.10 WIDEBAND FEEDS AND LOW NOISE AMPLIFIERS
FOR LARGE ARRAYS
S. Weinreb, A. Akgiray, D. Russell, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
The
state of the art for feeds and LNAs with frequency ranges approaching one
decade will be presented. These components reduce the cost of receivers
required to cover a given frequency range and enable observations requiring
large bandwidth such as spectral index measurements, search for spectral lines
with unknown red shift, and detection of transient events. An example of a 2 to
12 GHz feed will be given and compared in efficiency with an octave band feed.
Low noise amplifiers for the 0.5 to 12 GHz range utilizing HEMT and SiGe
bipolar transistor will be desribed.
11:40 J03.11 PATHFINDERS AND PRECURSORS FOR THE SKA
J. M. Cordes, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States
I
will discuss pathfinding activities in science, technology development and
cyber-infrastructure that are relevant to the Square Kilometre Array.
Technology development includes work on dish antennas, wideband dipole arrays,
wideband feed antennas, and widefield phased array feeds. Science applications
include time-domain exploration, deep continuum imaging, and high-rate surveys.
The implied data volumes are growing exponentially and need to be matched with
data management and mining systems.
12:00 End of the Session
K03 – Environmental EMF Exposure Assessment
Session Chairs: Yngve Hamnerius, Georg Neubauer
Session K03
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Tuesday, August 16, 08:00-10:40
Room Loft
08:00 K03.1 ASSESSMENT OF THE REAL LIFE EXPOSURE TO 2G
AND 3G BASE STATIONS OVER A DAY FROM INSTANTANEOUS MEASUREMENT
In
this paper, the general public daily exposure to mobile telephony is
investigated. The considered signals are GSM900, GSM1800, UMTS and HSDPA. The
study focus on the assessment of the maximal real electric field received over
the day from an instantaneous measurement performed any time during the day. An
extrapolation factor is presented to extrapolate an instantaneous measurement
for any signal to the maximal possible value received by this signal over the
day. This factor is also given to extrapolate the total electric field received
to his possible maximum value over the day.
08:20 K03.2 DISTRIBUTION OF ELF MAGNETIC FIELDS IN
SWEDISH DWELLINGS
The
distribution of ELF magnetic fields in randomly selected Swedish dwellings has
been assessed. The results show that 89 % of the measured houses have average
magnetic fields below 0.2 uT with mean value of 0.11 uT and median value 0.05
uT. Comparing villas and apartments show that the median magnetic fields value
for apartments is 0.07 uT compared to 0.04 uT for villas. The dominating
frequency of the magnetic field was 50 Hz. The total harmonic distortion (THD)
of the magnetic field was measured; the median value of THD was 10.3 %.
08:40 K03.3 A EUROPEAN INITIATIVE TO DEVELOP
PROCEDURES AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR WORKER'S ELECTROMAGNETIC SAFETY (WEMS)
A
project is described that is developing procedures and instrumentation to
demonstrate compliance with EU Directive 2004/40/EC. In 2012, the directive
will pose new requirements on employers in the European Union to evaluate the
exposure of workers to electromagnetic fields (EMF). Implementation of these
requirements is a significant challenge to employers, many of whom lack the
resources and expertise required to demonstrate compliance with EMF limits.
Some industries that use high-current or high-voltage equipment in the
workplace are particularly affected, such as the automotive, railway and metal
fabrication industries. Simple and reliable tools are necessary for employers
in these industries.
09:00 K03.4 A NEW WEB BASED SYSTEM TO EVALUATE WORKERS
EXPOSURE ACCORDING TO REQUIREMENTS OF THE DIRECTIVE 2004/40/EC
H. Molla-Djafari, Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria
The
Directive 2004/40/EC of the European Commission has the purpose to protect
workers against adverse affects from electromagnetic fields (EMF). To achieve
this several requirements are imposed on employers that can be hardly managed
by them. It was therefore decided to develop a software system dedicated to
enable employers to evaluate the exposure of their employees without having any
specific expertise on EMF. This Austrian system called EMES has a database with
distance depending exposure data from about 1.000 electromagnetic sources. The
exposure arising from all selected sources is calculated and compared to the
limits .
09:20 Tea/Coffee Break
09:40 K03.5 ELECTROMAGNETIC SOURCE MODELING USING
PHASE RETRIEVAL METHODS
Modeling
of the field distributions from electromagnetic sources is of interest for
various applications for example electromagnetic compatibility investigations,
near-field to far-field transformations, antenna diagnostics and
electromagnetic dosimetry. In order to determine whether exposure safety
guidelines, such as the EU directive 2004/40/EC, are complied with, source
modeling methods are important. Methods for determining the total field,
including phase information, when only field amplitudes have been measured on a
set of planes in front of an electromagnetic source have been developed.
Promising results have been obtained both for numerical test cases and for
measured field.
10:00 K03.6 EXPOSURE CHAMBERS FOR VERIFICATION OF
MICROWAVE INFLUENCE ON BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS
J. Vrba, L. Visek, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
The
main aim of our work is to design and simulate an exposure chamber in order to
analyze the influence of electromagnetic field on mice which can simulate
mobile phone emission patterns. We use two types of structures and compare
their properties to find the best design for our future work.
10:20 K03.7 RESEARCHING OF FERROMAGNETIC INCLUSIONS
INFLUENCE ON PROTECTING PROPERTIES OF SHIELDING COMPOSITE MATERIALS WITH
DIELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC STRUCTURE ELEMENTS
H. Pukhir, BSUIR, Minsk, Belarus
The
effect of ferromagnetic impurities in electromagnetic absorbers is studied. It
has established that a small amount of magnetic powder in composite structure
influence on attenuation and reflection characteristics of shielding material.
These magnetic inclusions can increase the attenuation at 15 dB and reflection
coefficient at 2,5 dB in comparison with dielectric samples. The compound with
powders of silica and nickel-zinc ferrite as a base of shielding composite has
investigated. The dependence of the shielding characteristics of the composite
is shown. The use of these composite materials for creation of electromagnetic
shielding constructions are considered.
10:40 End of the Session
C05 – Radio Science for Information Security and Social Safety
Session Chairs: Takashi Ohira, Satoru Aikawa, Masamune Takeda
Session C05
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Tuesday, August 16, 10:20-12:00
Room Dolmabahçe A
10:20 C05.1 A KEY GENERATION TECHNIQUE USING ARRAY
ANTENNA BEAM SELECTION
S. Aikawa, Graduate school of Engineering, University of Hyogo, Himeji, Hyogo, Japan
Recently,
secret key generation schemes for wireless communication systems using
propagation performance are researched. RSSI, signal strength indications
received at AP (Access Point) and UT (User Terminal) are same value in TDD
systems because of reciprocity theorem, and are controlled by the array antenna
pattern. However, RSSI at TP (Tapping Point) is not same as RSSI at AP or UT
that depend on their location. The secret keys are generated from binarized
RSSIs. This paper describes a method for improving the probability of key
agreement between AT and UT by using array antennas control.
10:40 C05.2 EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION OF WIRELESS SECRET
KEY AGREEMENT USING ARRAY ANTENNAS
T. Shimizu, N. Otani, T. Kitano, H. Iwai, H. Sasaoka, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan
This
paper considers the problem of wireless secret key agreement based on radio
propagation characteristics, where two legitimate parties generate and share a
secret key by exploiting the radio propagation characteristics between them in
the presence of an eavesdropper. We developed an experimental system using
array antennas to implement the wireless secret key agreement. In this paper,
we present the experimental system and validate basic characteristics that are
fundamental for the wireless secret key agreement, such as the reciprocity and
position dependence of radio propagation characteristics, with the developed
system.
11:00 C05.3 IMPACT OF DIRECT-PATH WAVE ON IMAC IN
SECRET KEY AGREEMENT SYSTEM USING ESPAR ANTENNAS
Current
cryptography may be potentially decrypted by an extremely high performance
computer. More secure key sharing schemes are expected. One possible solution
is secret key agreement system which makes use of Electrically Steerable
Parasitic Array Radiator (ESPAR) antenna. In this scheme ideally, by using wave
propagation characteristics, eavesdropper cannot guess secret key from regular
terminals. Actually however, eavesdropper has chances to guess the key if he is
located on the line of direct-path wave between regular terminals. In our
study, we evaluate the impact of direct-path wave on Information mutual
anti-tapping condition (Imac) under a noisy channel.
11:20 C05.4 NOVEL TECHNIQUE FOR IMPROVING BLUETOOTH
NETWORKS SECURITY THROUGH SVD-BASED AUDIO WATERMARKING
The
Paper improves the security over IEEE 802.15.1 networks. It proposes a new
approach for audio watermarking using the singular value decomposition (SVD)
mathematical technique. This approach is based on embedding the encrypted image
in the singular values of the audio signal after transforming it into a 2-D
format. After watermark embedding, the audio signal is transformed again into a
1-D format. At the receiver the watermark signal is reconstructed and
extracting the image. The proposed audio watermarking approach maintains the
high quality of the audio signal and that the watermark extraction and
decryption are possible.
11:40 C05.5 DETECTION OF LANDSLIDE USING WIRELESS
SENSOR NETWORKS
Wireless
sensor networking is one of the emerging areas which are extensively being used
for development of real-time monitoring systems. This paper discusses the
development of a wireless sensor network (WSN) to detect landslides, which
includes design and development of WSN for real time monitoring system. A
laboratory trial has been performed using wireless sensor networking with the
integration of different sensors to detect the landslide.
12:00 End of the Session
KT – Epidemiology of RF and Cancer
Session Chair: Emilie Van Deventer
Session KT
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Tuesday, August 16, 11:00-12:00
Room Loft
11:00 KT.1 EPIDEMIOLOGY OF RF AND CANCER
J. Schüz, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
There
is still an ongoing scientific controversy whether exposure to electromagnetic
fields is associated with an increased cancer risk in humans. Epidemiological
studies have shown a consistent association between exposure to extremely
low-frequency (ELF) magnetic fields and the risk of leukemia in children, but
even after decades of investigations it is unclear whether the observed
association is causal or due to bias and limitations of the studies. The
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has therefore classified ELF
magnetic fields as possible carcinogenic to humans. Several studies of
different designs investigated the association between radiofrequency (RF)
electromagnetic fields related to the use of mobile phones and the risk of
brain tumors. While short-term use of mobile phones of less than ten years was
not related to any increased tumor risk, uncertainty remains particularly for
longer term heavy users. Mobile phone studies are methodologically challenging
and future study protocols need to reduce limitations observed in studies
available today.
12:00 End of the Session
Session Chair: Sedki Riad
Session A04
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Tuesday, August 16, 13:40-15:40
Room Dolmabahçe C
13:40 A04.1 AN OVERVIEW OF THE TECHNIQUES FOR
MEASURING THE DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
O. V. Tereshchenko, F. J. K. Buesink, F. B. J. Leferink, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
In
Power Electronics devices, such as modern power supply, EMI filters occupy a
substantial portion of the volume. To achieve a breakthrough an innovative
production process is needed with lower cost, higher reliability, controlled
EMI, controlled quality and a higher level of circuit integration. One of the
most promising approaches in current research is the modification of embedded
electromagnetic interference filters (EMI) through the improvement of their
design and choosing material with the required qualities at an acceptable cost.
To achieve this an overview of the techniques for measuring the dielectric
properties of materials has been done.
14:00 A04.2 ELECTROSTATIC MEASUREMENTS OF LOW
CAPACITANCE CHANGES IN A PARALLEL PLATE CAPACITOR
This
paper describes an electrostatic experimental setup to measure the capacitance
change when an uncharged object of arbitrary shape is inserted into a parallel
plate capacitor. The employed measurement technique is discussed in detail, and
measurements on two conducting spheres and two conducting circular cylinders of
finite height are presented and compared with numerical simulations. It is
concluded that the experimental setup is capable of detecting capacitance
changes down to 10 aF.
14:40 A04.4 DIELECTRIC MATERIAL MEASUREMENTS SUPPORTED
BY ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD SOLVERS
E. Kilic, U. Siart, C. H. Schmidt, T. F. Eibert, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany
An
iterative transmission line technique for the determination of complex
permittivity of non-magnetic, isotropic materials is addressed. The method is
based on minimizing the objective function measuring the error between
simulated and measured scattering parameters by classical Newton's method. An
Electromagnetic field solver is used to solve the forward problem which is
repeated in the application of Newton's method at each iteration. Since
full-wave simulation is carried out, the method has no strict limitations on
the geometry of the samples. For validation, proposed method is tested against
partially loaded waveguide measurements at K-band.
15:00 A04.5 MULTI-SCALE ELECTROMAGNETIC BAND GAP
STRUCTURES AND ANTENNA APPLICATIONS
Multi-scale
rectangular mushroom structure, high impedance ground plane (HIGP), is designed
to achieve large band gap. By suppressing surface waves, the structure becomes
eligible for antenna applications. The HIGPs are composed of three different
sized rectangular patch mushroom elements for different resonance frequencies.
The characterizations of the three scaled HIGP with varying all dimensions are
observed for GHz frequency range. Some antenna designs for free space
application and the effect of the multi-scale HIGP on these antennas are also
presented.
15:20 A04.6 RADIO-FREQUENCY TRANSPORT OF SINGLE
ELECTRONS IN SUPERCONDUCTOR-NORMAL-METAL TUNNEL JUNCTIONS AND THE QUANTUM
METROLOGICAL TRIANGLE
We
are developing a single-electron turnstile based on a nanoscale superconductor-insulator--normal-metal--insulator-superconductor
(SINIS) structure. The goal is to obtain the frequency to current conversion
I=ef with a relative uncertainty <10^-8 which would be sufficient for a
quantum-based standard of electric current. Finally, the quantum current
standard will be compared against the quantum standards of voltage and
resistance via Ohm's law in the quantum metrological triangle experiment.
15:40 End of the Session
B04 – Electromagnetic Field Transformations for Measurements and Numerical Methods
Session Chair: Thomas Eibert
Session B04
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Tuesday, August 16, 13:40-15:40
Room Anadolu Auditorium
13:40 B04.1 SEPARATION OF RADIATION FROM TWO SOURCES
FROM THEIR KNOWN RADIATED SUM FIELD
This
paper presents a technique for complete and exact separation of the radiated
fields of two sources (at the same frequency) from the knowledge of their
radiated sum field. The two sources can be arbitrary but it must be possible to
enclose the sources inside their own non-intersecting minimum spheres so that
the closest distance between the surfaces of the two spheres is of the order of
at least a few wavelengths.
14:00 B04.2 PLANE WAVE BASED NEAR-FIELD FAR-FIELD
TRANSFORMATION WITH ADAPTIVE FIELD TRANSLATIONS
C. H. Schmidt, M. A. Qureshi, T. F. Eibert, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany
Near-field
transformation algorithms compute the antenna radiation pattern from a
measurement in the radiating near field. The plane wave based near-field
transformation algorithm has a low numerical complexity while achieving full
probe correction and it is applicable to arbitrary measurement grids giving a
huge flexibility for near-field probing. The transmission equation for a set of
measurement points is evaluated in a multilevel fashion and the field
translations are now carried out on different levels depending on the distance
of the measurement point from the antenna. The adaptive field translations allow
to enhance the accuracy of the transformation.
14:20 B04.3 AN IMPROVED IMAGE-BASED
NEAR-FIELD-TO-FAR-FIELD TRANSFORMATION FOR CYLINDRICAL SCANNING SURFACES
An
improved image-based circular NFFFT developed recently for smaller measurement
facilities and for targets with pronounced scattering centers offset from the
center of the imaging area is extended to a cylindrical scanning surface.
Scanning over a surface instead of a circle permits RCS estimations for targets
whose size in the direction perpendicular to the measurement plane is
comparable to their extension in the measurement plane.
14:40 B04.4 NEAR-FIELD ESTIMATION USING A REDUCED
BASIS EXPANSION OF INDUCED MODES IN A HUMAN HEAD MODEL FROM EQUIVALENT SOURCES
A
new approach to evaluate near-field induced by a cellular phone in a human head
model using an E-field expansion into a basis is proposed. This technique is
first based on Huygens principle using equivalent currents on a closed surface
which makes it valid for any cellular phone. Then, using Singular Value
Decomposition, the generated induced E-field by any cellular phones would be
expanded with the orthonormalized modes excited by the equivalent sources in a
human head model. Finally, we estimate the error reconstruction of E-field
using a reduced number of modes.
15:00 B04.5 REFLECTION/TRANSMISSION MEASUREMENT SYSTEM
FOR PLANAR MATERIALS AND VERIFICATION BY THIN WIRE GRIDS
This
paper describes a measurement system to evaluate the reflection and
transmission (R/T) properties of planar materials have been constructed within
the Open-Range EM Laboratory (ASEMLAB) of Gebze Institute of Technology. This
manuscript describes this measurement system, calibration process, and the
results of an application - measurement of the R/T coefficients of a thin wire
mesh. In order to check the measured R/T coefficients of the thin wire mesh a
periodic method of moments (PMM) code has been developed. The currents that
leave one periodic cell and enter the next are handled in a novel way.
15:20 B04.6 METHOD OF MOMENTS ANALYSIS OF AN
AXISYMMETRIC CHIRAL RADOME
An
axisymmetric chiral radome has been analyzed numerically by using the method of
moments. The chiral body is illuminated by a plane wave and the surface
equivalence principle is used to replace the body by equivalent electric and
magnetic surface currents. The scattered fields outside and the total internal
fields are computed with a Matlab computer program that is developed for
axisymmetric chiral radome. Examples of numerical calculations are given for a
chiral spherical radome and chiral Von Karman radome. Numerical results of the
chiral spherical radome are in excellent agreement with the exact ones obtained
by the eigenfunction solution.
15:40 End of the Session
B05 – Theoretical and Numerical Issues in Electromagnetics
Session Chairs: Roberto Graglia, Levent Gurel
Session B05
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Tuesday, August 16, 13:40-15:40
Room Loft
13:40 B05.1 WELL CONDITIONED HIERARCHICAL NEDELEC
ELEMENTS FOR SURFACE AND VOLUMETRIC CELLS
New
families of hierarchical vector bases for the most commonly used two- and
three-dimensional cells are directly constructed from orthogonal scalar
polynomials to enhance their linear independence, which is a simpler process
than an orthogonalization applied to the final vector functions. These
functions span the mixed-order (or reduced) spaces of Nedelec and can be used
to deal with structures meshed by a mixture of cells of tetrahedral,
hexahedral, and prism shapes. This presentation reviews recent developments of
curl-conforming functions and provides an extension to the
divergence-conforming case.
14:00 B05.2 MATERIAL REALIZATIONS OF EXTREME
ELECTROMAGNETIC BOUNDARY CONDITIONS AND METASURFACES
A. Sihvola, H. Wallen, P. Yla-Oijala, J. Markkanen, I. V. Lindell, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
The
paper discusses the correspondence between electromagnetic boundary conditions
and interface conditions. In particular, the focus is on the synthetic approach
where the interest is in finding material realizations for given boundary
conditions. Material realizations are approximative but not unique because,
especially if anisotropic and bianisotropic materials are allowed, there are
different material classes with which any given boundary condition can be
mimicked. As examples, the PEC, PMC, PEMC, and DB boundary conditions are
discussed. By comparing the scattering characteristics, it is demonstrated how
well certain extreme-parameter material realizations are able to simulate the
boundary effect.
14:20 B05.3 MOM ANALYSIS OF APERTURES IN CHIRAL BODIES
OF REVOLUTION
A
chiral BOR partially covered by a conducting shield is analyzed using MOM. The
problem is solved using the equivalence principle. Scattered fields outside are
produced by two equivalent surface currents on the BOR surface that radiate in
the unbounded external medium. Internal fields are produced by two surface
currents on the BOR surface. These two currents radiate in the unbounded
internal medium. Boundary conditions at the surface results in a set of coupled
integral equations for unknown currents. They are solved using MOM. Computed
results for the partially shielded spherical chiral body are in excellent
agreement with other data.
14:40 B05.4 MODEL ORDER REDUCTION METHODS FOR
MULTIVARIATE PARAMETERIZED DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS
Electrodynamic
field simulations in the frequency domain typically require the solution of
large dynamical systems. Model order reduction (MOR) techniques offer a fast
approach to approximate the system impedance with respect to the frequency
parameter. During the design process, it is desirable to vary specified
parameters like the frequency, geometry details or material parameters, giving
rise to multivariate dynamical systems. In this work, multivariate MOR methods
are presented for multivariate parameterized systems based on the finite
integration technique. The methods are applied to numerical examples with both
geometrical and material variations.
15:00 B05.5 RIGOROUS SOLUTIONS OF LARGE-SCALE
DIELECTRIC PROBLEMS WITH THE PARALLEL MULTILEVEL FAST MULTIPOLE ALGORITHM
We
present fast and accurate solutions of large-scale electromagnetics problems
involving three-dimensional homogeneous dielectric objects. Problems are
formulated rigorously with the electric and magnetic current combined-field
integral equation (JMCFIE) and solved iteratively with the multilevel fast
multipole algorithm (MLFMA). In order to solve large-scale problems, MLFMA is
parallelized efficiently on distributed-memory architectures using the
hierarchical partitioning strategy. Efficiency and accuracy of the developed
implementation are demonstrated on very large scattering problems discretized
with tens of millions of unknowns.
15:20 B05.6 ANALYSIS OF METAMATERIALS USING ANALYTIC
PROPERTIES
L. Vietzorreck, T. Kim, HFT, Munich, Germany
It
is investigated, how metamaterial structures with a finite number of repeated
cells can be analyzed efficiently. The method of lines, a semi-analytical
method is utilized. As the propagation in propagation direction is described
analytically, Floquet`s Theorem can be used to transform fields at input and
output of one cell into a set of Floquet modes. The propagation of these modes
through N periods can easily be calculated by the phase difference. Thus the
computation time is independent from the period number. Results for a CRLH
transmission line are compared with results of commercial tools and measured
results.
15:40 End of the Session
Session Chair: Jacques Palicot
Session C06
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Tuesday, August 16, 13:40-15:20
Room Dolmabahçe A
13:40 C06.1 RF POWER SOURCE AND ESTIMATION DIVERSITY
IN DISTRIBUTED SENSING WITH PASSIVE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS
A. O. Bicen, O. B. Akan, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
Sensor
nodes constitute a distributed wireless sensing architecture, such that,
multiple sensors report their observations. However, sensor networks are
comprised of energy-constrained nodes. Recently, to mitigate battery depletion
problem and extend network lifetime, wireless passive sensor networks (WPSN)
have become a new field of interest. Modulated backscattering is an important
communication technique in WPSN to alleviate reaching unlimited lifetime for
sensor nodes. In this paper, we theoretically analyze event distortion in WPSN
that is employing modulated backscattering for communication. The objective of
this work is to reveal the impact of RF source diversity on event estimation
distortion in WPSN.
14:00 C06.2 A COST FUNCTION EXPRESSION FOR SDR
MULTI-STANDARD SYSTEMS DESIGN USING DIRECTED HYPERGRAPHS
The
design of future multi-standard systems is very challenging. Flexible
architectures exploiting commonalities of different set of standards cohabiting
in the device offer promising solutions. In this paper, graph theory aspects
are introduced with the stress on the notion of directed hypergraphs. These
definitions will be helpful in presenting the theoretical version of the graph
structure of the software-defined radio multi-standard system as a directed
hypergraph, as well as in providing a formal representation of a certain
proposed cost function which computes the cost of any one of the alternatives
which can implement the multi-standard system.
14:20 C06.3 DEVELOPMENT OF 24 GHZ RECTENNAS FOR FIXED
WIRELESS ACCESS
We
need electricity to use wireless information. If we reduce amount of batteries
or electrical wires with a wireless power transmission technology via microwave
(MPT), it is a green communication system. We Kyoto University propose a Fixed
Wireless Access (FWA) system with the MPT with NTT , Japan. In this paper, we
show mainly development results of 24GHz rectennas, rectifying antenna, for
FWA. We developed some types of the rectennas. Finally we achieve 65% of RF-DC
conversion efficiency with output filter of harmonic balance.
14:40 C06.4 HOW TO OPTIMIZE THE SPECTRUM: THE OIL EXPERIENCE
J. Palicot, SUPELEC, Cesson-Svign, France
Since
several years, sustainable development (SD) has become an important issue in
many technical domains. One of the main contributors in CO2 emission is
undoubtly petrol engine. This explains why car industry was the first
interested in finding solutions to decrease oil consumption and to optimize car
usage. Starting from the idea that spectrum is a natural and public resource
which should be carefully used and shared, in this paper we apply to spectrum
usage at every levels (standards, equipments, usage, etc.) analogies coming
from oil experience.
15:00 C06.5 NON UNIFORM SAMPLING FOR POWER CONSUMPTION
REDUCTION IN SDR RECEIVER BASEBAND STAGE
In
this paper, authors point out the effect of non uniform sampling (NUS) on the
power consumption in SDR receiver baseband stage. This feature is drawn by
theoretical formulas regarding spectrum shape and power estimation of different
baseband components. An example is drawn to focus on NUS ability to reduce
anti-aliasing filter (AAF) consumption by 25%.
15:20 End of the Session
DBC – Signal Processing Antennas
Session Chairs: Smail Tedjini, Alain Sibille, H. Chaloupka
Session DBC
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Tuesday, August 16, 13:40-15:40
Room Dolmabahçe B
13:40 DBC.1 ON THE DIVERSITY PERFORMANCE OF COMPACT
ANTENNA ARRAYS
M. T. Ivrlac, J. A. Nossek, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Muenchen, Germany
In
contrast to common belief, compact antenna arrays are able to deliver excellent
diversity performance provided that a multiport network is connected between
the array and the receiver which decouples the antenna ports. It turns out that
the diversity performance does not change much as the antenna separation is
reduced below half a wavelength. In fact, the diversity performance even
increases somewhat with reduced antenna spacing. In an isotropic noise
environment, and in the absence of heat loss, excellent diversity performance
can be maintained even as the antenna separation is made arbitrarily small.
14:00 DBC.2 RFID TAGS LOCALIZATION ALONG AN AXIS USING
A TUNABLE NEAR-FIELD FOCUSED CIRCULAR-PHASE ARRAY ANTENNA
A
novel concept for RFID tag localization using a tunable near-field focused
circular-phase array antenna working at 5.8 GHz is presented. It serves as the
reader antenna and focuses the power into a small region, in the tag vicinity.
By scanning the focal spot along one axis and monitoring the differential
scattered power by a tag, its position along the axis is easily computed with
good accuracy. This simple localization scheme is well adapted for specific
localization scheme, for example for objects placed over a conveyor belt.
14:20 DBC.3 COMPACT TWO-ELEMENT RECONFIGURABLE ANTENNA
SYSTEM FOR THE 470-702 MHZ BAND
This
paper presents a miniature reconfigurable dual-antenna system addressing the
UHF band. This system has been introduced for small mobile terminals, where
form factor is very important. The whole structure respects some design rules
in order to optimize antenna performances from diversity performances point of
view. A specific active capacitive load has allowed the impedance
reconfigurability and antennas miniaturization. Antenna miniaturization is used
to combine radiating structures in an electrically small volume. The use of two
antennas could bring good diversity gain to mitigate the fast fading effect
introduced by multipath in mobility.
14:40 DBC.4 PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF A RECONFIGURABLE
MULTIMODE PIXELED ANTENNA IN INDOOR CLUSTERED MIMO CHANNELS
This
paper investigates the performance evaluation of a reconfigurable multimode
pixeled antenna in wireless communication systems employing antenna
pattern/polarization diversity techniques. Simulations have been conducted
using an indoor clustered MIMO channel model.
15:00 DBC.5 PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT OF BI-SCALAR
BEAMFORMERS IN PRACTICAL PHASED ARRAY FEED SYSTEMS
We
assess the sensitivity and polarimetric performance of a phased array feed
(PAF) system in which the two sets of nominally orthogonally polarized elements
are beamformed separately. Out simulations of an actual PAF system indicate
that such bi-scalar instead of full-polarimetric beamforming results in about
4% sensitivity loss and an XPD of about 45 dB. Our measurements confirm the
sensitivity loss, but indicate worse polarimetric performance than the
simulations. We indicate how the performance of a PAF system with bi-scalar
beamforming can be improved by beamforming the cross-polarization signals and
polarimetric corrections to the beamformer outputs.
15:20 DBC.6 ON ANTENNAS FOR COGNITIVE RADIOS
Cognitive
Radios (CR) are a concept of radios endowed with an intelligence that allows
them to perceive changes in their environment and adapt their parameters to
maintain a quality of Service (QoS). While the parameters concerned by the
adaptation enclose theoretically all of those of a radio (modulation, coding,
...etc.), it is certainly the change of the operating frequency that is the
most characteristic of CR. In light of this new requirement, the present paper
analyzes the features that CR antennas can have. Then, examples of frequency
reconfigurable antennas developed by our group for CR will be presented.
15:40 End of the Session
EGH – Terrestrial and Planetary Electromagnetics
Session Chairs: Masashi Hayakawa, Yurdanur Tulunay, Colin Price
Session EGH
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Tuesday, August 16, 13:40-15:40
Room Galata
13:40 EGH.1 OVERVIEW OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES DUE TO
THUNDERSTORM ACTIVITY AND OBSERVED BY DEMETER
M. Parrot, LPC2E/CNRS, Orleans, France
DEMETER
is a low orbiting satellite (660 km) which recorded wave and plasma parameters
all around the Earth (except in the auroral zones) at two different local times
(10.30 and 22.30 LT). This paper will present the emissions observed in
relation with the thunderstorm activity. Many different phenomena have been
registred. It includes: - various whistlers, - particle precipitation by
whistlers, - interaction with the lower hybrid frequency, - observations of MF
pulses, - interaction between thunderstorm activity and man-made activity, -
triggered emissions by whistlers, and - emissions observed at the time of very
powerful lightning strokes
14:00 EGH.2 DETERMINATION OF THE IONOSPHERIC
TRANSMISSION LOSS OF THE LOW FREQUENCY EM WAVES BY SIMULTANEOUS MEASUREMENTS OF
SATELLITE AND GROUND-BASED EXPERIMENTS
The
ionospheric transmission loss has been obtained for different latitudes and
local times by comparing the Poynting flux at the lightning source by the
ground-based ELF transient measurements with lightning whistlers above the
ionosphere observed by DEMETER satellite. As a result, the ionospheric
penetration loss increases with decreasing the magnetic latitude and with
increasing wave frequency. The penetration loss is much larger in daytime rather
than night time. The experimentally obtained results are in good agreement with
those from theoretical calculations.
14:20 EGH.3 ELF Q-BURST CAUSED BY EXTRAGALACTIC GAMMA
RAY BURST
Experimental
results are presented on electromagnetic pulse associated with the abrupt
change in the Earthionosphere cavity caused by the intense gamma ray burst of
December 27, 2004. Parameters of observed extremely low frequency pulse
correspond to expectations: the source bearing points to the epicenter of ionosphere
modification, the waveform is similar to that computed, its amplitude exceeds
by a few times the level of regular Schumann resonance background. The ELF
pulse onset at the Karymshino observatory (52.8 N, 158.3 E) is ~0.16 s prior to
the published time of modification in the VLF records.
14:40 EGH.4 A.C./D.C. ATMOSPHERIC GLOBAL ELECTRIC
CIRCUIT PHENOMENA
We
review the global circuit driven by thunderstorms and electrified rain clouds.
With the ionosphere at an equipotential of ~ +250 kV with respect to the Earth,
the load in the circuit is the fair weather atmosphere; its conductivity is
mainly determined by the flux of galactic cosmic rays. The circuit exhibits
variability in both space and time by more than fifteen orders of magnitude. We
discuss results produced by a new electrical engineering analogue model of the
circuit constructed using the PSpice software package. Finally, we consider
several interesting new experimental observations relating to the topic.
15:00 EGH.5 A VHF BROADBAND INTERFEROMETER FOR
LIGHTNING OBSERVATION
A
VHF broadband interferometer is a system to locate sources of the radiation
events at VHF band by extracting the differences of phases at various frequency
components of Fourier spectra between a pair of antennas. Lightning images are
derived by sensing the electromagnetic waves from lightning discharge process
such as negative stepped leader. Using the system, lightning observations have
been carried out firstly for rocket triggered lightning experiment, then, in
Darwin Australia, and so on. Based on the successful results, the
interferometer system is deployed on the ISS to detect and locate the VHF
impulses emitted by lightning from space.
15:20 EGH.6 SEISMOGENIC ULF MAGNETIC ACTIVITY -
PECULIARITIES OF REGISTRATION
V. Korepanov, F. Dudkin, Lviv Centre of Institute for Space Research, Lviv, Ukraine
A
big number of publications confirm that ultra low frequency (ULF) magnetic
precursors were recorded from few weeks up to few hours before earthquakes
(EQs). For the detection of magnetic precursors at the background of more
powerful sources it is necessary to have magnetic field sensors with wide
dynamics and minimum possible spectral noise density. The newly developed
technology of EQ-related ULF signals selection is presented. The attempts of
this technology application in order to select the candidates for EQ precursors
are discussed, basing on the natural ULF signals, collected in India by
multi-point synchronized magnetometer network.
15:40 End of the Session
F04 – Active and Passive Remote Sensing of Vegetation (in honor of Roger H. Lang)
Session Chairs: Simonetta Paloscia, Martti Hallikainen
Session F04
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Tuesday, August 16, 13:40-15:40
Room Haliç
13:40 F04.1 REMOTE SENSING OF SALINITY: THE DIELECTRIC
CONSTANT OF SEA WATER
Global
monitoring of sea surface salinity from space requires an accurate model for
the dielectric constant of sea water as a function of salinity and temperature
to characterize the emissivity of the surface. Measurements are being made at
1.413 GHz, the center frequency of the Aquarius radiometers, using a resonant
cavity and the perturbation method. The cavity is operated in transmission mode
and immersed in a liquid bath to control temperature. Multiple measurements are
made at each temperature and salinity. Error budgets indicate a relative
accuracy for both real and imaginary parts of the dielectric constant of about
1%.
14:00 F04.2 EM DISCRETE APPROACH FOR RAINFALL
ATTENUATION OF PROPAGATION
S. S. Seker, A. Y. Citkaya, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
Electromagnetic
propagation through sparse distribution of lossy dielectric particles in a rain
is investigated. Mathematical model is developed to aid in the interpretation
of the interactions data obtained by electromagnetic remote probing of rain.
Attenuation is computed, for waves passing through raindrops specified size,
shape and distributions. Computer simulation which is based on the model
proposed with different shapes was compared with the experimental data, and
excellent agreement was obtained.
14:20 F04.3 POTENTIALS OF X-BAND ACTIVE AND PASSIVE
MICROWAVE SENSORS IN MONITORING VEGETATION BIOMASS
In
this paper the potentials of both emissivity and backscatter at X-band for the
monitoring of plant parameters are investigated and the interrelations between
these two quantities are discussed. Remote sensing data collected in agricultural
surfaces and for different crop types in Italy have been analyzed and compared
with vegetation parameters (mainly plant water content and leaf area index)
measured on ground . A discrete element radiative transfer model tuned for both
active and passive cases was used to perform a sensitivity analysis. A direct
comparison of measured emissivity and backscattering is carried out.
14:40 F04.4 BACKSCATTER MEASUREMENTS OVER VEGETATION
BY GROUND-BASED MICROWAVE RADARS
M. Kurum, P. O'Neill, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States
In
the study of radar backscattering from vegetated terrain, it is important to
understand how the electromagnetic wave interacts with vegetation and
underlying ground. In this paper, an expression of backscattering from a
vegetation canopy in the case of spherical wave illumination is derived. Such
an expression might apply to the practical case of a ground-based scatterometer
overlooking vegetation. The relative importance of the beamwidth as well as
platform height on backscattering from vegetated terrain is studied.
Preliminary results indicate that the discrepancy with plane wave illumination
can be rather significant, and therefore should not be overlooked.
15:00 F04.5 CALCULATION OF THE DOUBLE SCATTERING FROM
LOSSY DIELECTRIC CYLINDERS
Q. Zhao, R. H. Lang, The George Washington University, Washington,DC, United States
A
numerical Fresnel Double Scattering (FDS) method is presented in this paper to
accurately calculate the bistatic cross sections due to double scattering
between two lossy dielectric cylinders in the Fresnel zone of each other. The
cylinders have a comparable size to the wavelength for L band frequencies. It
is demonstrated that the FDS results reduce to the far field results when the
scatterers are sufficiently far apart. The FDS method can be employed to study
the double scattering effects between tree branches in microwave forest
scattering models.
15:20 F04.6 COHERENCE EFFECTS IN L-BAND ACTIVE AND
PASSIVE REMOTE SENSING OF QUASI-PERIODIC CORN CANOPIES
Due
to their highly random nature, vegetation canopies can be modeled using the
incoherent transport theory for active and passive remote sensing applications.
Agricultural vegetation canopies however are generally more structured than
natural vegetation. The inherent row structure in agricultural canopies induces
coherence effects disregarded by the transport theory. The objective of this study
is to demonstrate, via Monte-Carlo simulations, these coherence effects on
L-band scattering and thermal emission from corn canopies consisting of only
stalks.
15:40 End of the Session
G04 – Practical Applications and Techniques for the Use of Ionosonde Data
Session Chairs: Paul Cannon, Lee-Anne McKinnell
Session G04
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Tuesday, August 16, 13:40-15:40
Room Topkapi A
13:40 G04.1 PRINCIPLES OF DYNASONDE NAVIGATOR
Dynasonde
is an ideology of precision ionospheric radio sounding based on rigorously
taking into account phase characteristics of a radio echo. Unique products of
phase ionosondes intended for various Space Weather-related applications
include: echo recognition and noise discrimination, echo classification into
traces, scaling of standard ionospheric parameters, 3-D plasma density
inversion (NeXtYZ) including true vertical profile with error bars, small-scale
irregularity diagnostics, and vector velocities, all obtained autonomously from
ionogram data. Our report describes details of implementation of Dynasonde
principles in operation of the web portal Dynasonde Navigator
(http://dynserv.eiscat.uit.no) hosted by EISCAT.
14:00 G04.2 GLOBAL IONOSPHERIC RADIO OBSERVATORY
(GIRO): STATUS AND PROSPECTIVE
The
Global Ionospheric Radio Observatory (GIRO), http://giro.uml.edu, acquires and
disseminates HF ionospheric sounding data from 64 Digisonde locations in 27
countries. GIRO publishes its 30+ million record holdings over Internet,
provides interactive environment to data interpretation experts, and forwards
real-time data for assimilation and forecast of radiowave propagation and space
weather. Of importance to the ionospheric community are the long-term holdings
of manually validated electron density profiles for modeling, studies of the
autoscaling uncertainty, and validation of alternative measurement techniques.
Real-time GIRO feeds will be used to build an assimilative International
Reference Ionosphere model.
14:20 G04.3 HIGH PERFORMANCE IONOSPHERIC SOUNDING
T. W. Bullett, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
The
application of digital receivers, digital signal processing and other advanced
electronics and antenna technologies have become sufficiently mature and cost
effective to be implemented into High Frequency radars for ionospheric
sounding. When these technologies are used to improve the performance of the HF
radar, new observational modes with greater resolution, sensitivity and
precision are possible, which allow for discovery, research and renewed
investigation of the ionosphere. This paper presents unique data from high
performance ionosondes.
14:40 G04.4 THE SOUTH AFRICAN IONOSONDE NETWORK: PAST
AND PRESENT
The
South African ionosonde network has played an extensive role in African Space
Physics studies since 1973, and continues to do so with a four ionosonde site
network. This paper will describe the growth of this network, and the various
practical projects that the network has been involved in, and indeed, made
possible over the past decade. Future planned projects will also be discussed,
and will include endeavors to grow the network into Africa. In addition, the
South African ionospheric map will be used as an example of successful practical
applications for the data collected from this network.
15:00 G04.5 ON THE USE OF IONOSONDE PROFILES IN THE
ELECTRON DENSITY ASSIMILATIVE MODEL (EDAM)
The
Electron Density Assimilative Model (EDAM) assimilates disparate ionospheric
measurements into a background ionospheric model in order to produce 3D
representations of ionospheric electron density. Previous tests using EDAM and
ground based slant total electron content data have demonstrated that this type
of data contains limited information on the vertical structure of the
ionosphere. By assimilating data from ionosondes into the model, information
regarding the profile peak below the F2 layer can be obtained. This paper
describes an assimilation test scenario in the Republic of South Africa and
reports on the benefits of including ionosonde data in EDAM.
15:20 G04.6 THE PROJECT OF MONITORING THE IONOSPHERE
OVER RUSSIAN FEDERATION BY MEANS OF DIGITAL FMCW IONOSONDES NETWORK
For monitoring the current ionospheric conditions over
Russian Federation area in quasi real-time we offer to use modern digital FMCW
vertical incidence ionospheric stations capable to receive oblique incidence
signals during vertical sounding session. Newness of such ionospheric network
consists in combining capabilities of vertical incidence and oblique incidence
ionosondes. It becomes possible because of operative technique for
reconstruction ionospheric parameters at path midpoint and appearance of modern
digital multichannel receivers which were examined by few continuous
experimental works in Russian Federation.
15:40 End of the Session
HT – Major developments in our understanding of electric antennas in space plasmas
Session Chair: Yoshiharu Omura
Session HT
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Tuesday, August 16, 13:40-14:40
Room Topkapi B
13:40 HT.1 MAJOR DEVELOPMENTS IN OUR UNDERSTANDING OF
ELECTRIC ANTENNAS IN SPACE PLASMAS
G. James, Communications Research Centre Canada, Ottawa, Canada
Salient
points in the history of the science of dipoles as an important part of space
radio science methodology are reviewed. From its earliest days, the study of
spontaneous radio emissions of geospace has required accurate measurements of
wave electric fields. This review starts with the work done early in the space
age on distributed dipole behaviour in cold magnetoplasmas. Evidence of the
effects of hot-plasma wave modes and of the response of space plasma excited by
active antennas led to a broadening of the dipole theory to include the
generation and detection of electrostatic waves. The observations of plasma
nonlinearities during the operation of active dipoles required further
explanation. Indications of nonlinearity included spectra implying parametric
processes and the RF- pumping of ambient ions and electrons, both in the dipole
near fields. The challenge today of understanding the inherent complexity of
dipoles in magnetoplasmas may be met by recourse to particle-in-cell methods to
predict classic antenna properties such as impedance, radiated field or
effective length.
14:40 End of the Session
J04 – Space and Moon-based radio astronomy: science and technology
Session Chair: Leonid Gurvits
Session J04
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Tuesday, August 16, 13:40-15:40
Room Marmara
13:40 J04.1 THE PLANCK MISSION
H.-U. Norgaard-Nielsen, Danish Space Research Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
Planck
is an astronomical satellite part of the Scientific Programme of the European
Space Agency, which is designed to image the anisotropies of the Cosmic
Microwave Background (CMB) over the whole sky, with unprecedented sensitivity
and angular resolution. Planck was launched together with Herschel on 14 May
2009. By August 2011, it will have completed almost three full sky surveys. In
January 2011 the first data products and scientific results were released to
the public. I will present an overview of the Planck mission, its scientific
objectives, the key elements of its technical design, current status, and first
scientific results
14:00 J04.2 SPACE-BASED ULTRA-LONG WAVELENGTH RADIO
ASTRONOMY AN OVERVIEW OF TODAYS INITIATIVES
Space
based ultra-long wavelength radio astronomy has recently gained interest. The
need for large effective apertures spread over long ranges implies that
advanced technologies are required, which is in reach at this moment. This
together with the unexplored frequency band below 30 MHz makes these
initiatives very interesting. Due to a combination of ionospheric scintillation
below ~30MHz, its opaqueness below ~10MHz, and man-made RFI, earth-bound radio
astronomy observations are either severely limited in sensitivity and spatial
resolution or entirely impossible. In this paper we will present current
initiatives to reach this new and unexplored low frequency band.
14:20 J04.3 STATUS AND MAIN PARAMETERS OF THE SPACE
VLBI MISSION RADIOASTRON
M. Popov, Astro Space Center of the Lebedev Physicxal institute, Moscow, Russian Federation
The
RadioAstron project is an international collaborative mission to launch a
free-flying satellite carrying a 10-m space radio telescope (SRT) into an
elliptical orbit around the Earth. The aim of the mission is to use the space
telescope for radio astronomical observations using VLBI (Very Long Baseline
Interferometry) techniques in conjunction with ground-based VLBI networks. We
explain basic parameters of the on-board scientific equipment as was measured
during the final tests. Peculiarities of RadioAstron moon-perturbed orbit will
be discussed. We will describe satellite operations, experiment scheduling, and
science access to the mission
14:40 J04.4 PRECISION RADIO SCIENCE FOR PLANETARY
GRAVITY, ATMOSPHERIC AND SURFACE INVESTIGATIONS
S. Asmar, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, United States
Radio
Science techniques, microwave links between spacecraft and ground stations,
have produced numerous discoveries. SNR and geometrical limitations require new
instrumentation such as spacecraft-spacecraft links that require special
open-loop receiver. One is on GRACE/GRAIL for gravitational measurements;
another onboard New Horizons for uplink occultation. One on MRO demonstrated
the method with Odyssey. A new receiver designed to meet Radio Science
requirements has been prototyped for the Europa and Ganymede orbiters
scientific objectives of occultations of the atmosphere and ionosphere of
Jupiter and its satellites, as well as the rings, and bistatic scattering from
surfaces of the satellites.
15:00 J04.5 INTRODUCTION OF PROMOTING VERY LONG
BASELINE INTERFEROMETRY FOR DEEP SPACE TRACKING IN CHINA
J. Ping, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, CAS, Shanghai, China
VLBI
has been developed in China near 30 years. Since 2003, the astronomical VLBI
technique was adapted for tracking and orbiting the Chinese ChangE 1 & 2
missions, and played important role on positioning the orbit injection and hard
landing. Since 2007, the concepts of open loop Doppler, DOR and DOD have been
accepted by Chinese VLBI system for Martian missions. In the near future, same
beam VLBI technique will also be applied by this system for tracking dual
Martian mission Phbos-Grunt and Yinghuo-1, as well as positioning the
ChangE-3/4 landers & rovers.
15:20 J04.6 VLBI TRACKING OF THE SOLAR SAIL MISSION
IKAROS
H. Takeuchi, ISAS/JAXA, Sagamihara, Japan
IKAROS
is the world's first solar sail spacecraft which was launched in 2010. To
determine the orbit under the continuous big influence of solar radiation
pressure, VLBI observation is effective because sky plane position of the
spacecraft can be directly determined by VLBI observables without a priori
assumption for solar radiation pressure model. In order to effectively perform
VLBI measurements, Delta-DOR multi-tone generator was installed to the
spacecraft. A total number of 24 VLBI experiments among 8 agencies were
performed during July and August in 2010. Data processing algorithm and initial
results of orbit determination are presented.
15:40 End of the Session
H04 – Wave-particle Interactions and Their Effects on Planetary Radiation Belts II
Session Chairs: Jacob Bortnik, Craig Rodger, Bruce Tsurutani, Richard Horne
Session H04
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Tuesday, August 16, 14:40-15:40
Room Topkapi B
14:40 H04.1 CONJUGATE STUDIES OF WHISTLER-MODE WAVES
IN THE VAN ALLEN RADIATION BELTS
Whistler-mode
waves, especially chorus, can influence energetic electrons in the Van Allen
radiation belts. These electromagnetic waves propagate over long distances in
the magnetosphere. It has been previously shown that chorus can propagate from
its equatorial source down to the subauroral ionosphere. We investigate cases
where whistler-mode waves were simultaneously measured by the Cluster
spacecraft in the magnetosphere and by the low-orbiting Demeter spacecraft.
Multicomponent measurements of both these spacecraft missions allow us to
investigate the wave-vector directions and Poynting flux. We can therefore show
conjugate propagation properties of the waves in two different magnetospheric
regions.
15:00 H04.2 DETECTION OF MAGNETOSPHERICALLY DUCTED VLF
SIGNALS GEOMAGNETICALLY CONJUGATE TO A RUSSIAN ALPHA TRANSMITTER AT L=1.9
The
Russian 'Alpha' transmitters broadcast alternating pulses between 11-15 kHz for
navigation. A fraction of the VLF energy escapes into the magnetosphere, is
guided by ducts, amplified by interaction with radiation belt particles, and
observed at the geomagnetic conjugate point. We analyze VLF data from Adelaide,
Australia, conjugate to Komsomolsk transmitter. An automated detection scheme
separates the subionospheric and magnetospheric signals. We track availability
of ducts at L=1.9 and find them present often. We correlate to geomagnetic
conditions and assess the role of wave growth and triggering from wave-particle
interactions, and compare to DEMETER satellite measurements.
15:20 H04.3 ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES OBSERVED BY DEMETER
DURING SUSTAINED MAGNETIC ACTIVITY
M. Parrot, LPC2E/CNRS, Orleans, France
DEMETER
is a low polar orbiting satellite (660 km) which was operating for more than
six years. This paper will present an overview of the electromagnetic waves
observed during sustained magnetic activity, and then enhanced by a
wave-particle interaction. It includes: - waves such as hiss, chorus, QP (Quasi
Periodic) emissions, triggered emissions, EMIC (ElectroMagnetic Ion Cyclotron)
waves in the equatorial region, - emissions at the lower hybrid frequency, -
man-made waves such as PLHR (Power Line Harmonic Radiation) and MLR
(Magnetospheric Line Radiation), and - specific waves recorded during very
intense magnetic activities or in particular regions (SAA, sub-auroral zones).
15:40 End of the Session
Session Chair: William Davis
Session AB1
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Wednesday, August 17, 08:00-10:40
Room Dolmabahçe C
08:00 AB1.1 TOWARD ACCURATE ANTENNA MEASUREMENTS USING
MULTI-PROBE SYSTEMS
A
few important aspects related to spherical multi-probe antenna measurements and
their future research and development needs are discussed. In particular, the
significance of the test zone field compensation technique as an enabler for
accurate antenna measurements with multi-probe systems is addressed.
08:20 AB1.2 RAPID MILLIMETER-WAVE ANTENNA MEASUREMENTS
USING A NOVEL TABLE-TOP BIPOLAR PLANAR NEAR-FIELD TECHNIQUE
Bipolar
planar antenna measurements have been used as an alternative to other planar
scanning techniques such as plane-rectangular or plane-polar scanning. Bipolar
scanning features important advantages such as the elimination of linear motion
in measurement, increased stability, compact footprint, and a variety of data
acquisition modes. These advantages mitigate many of the issues of measuring
small antennas operating at millimeter-wave frequencies. This paper describes
and elaborate on the advantages of the bipolar scanner for millimeter-wave
antenna measurement, including at introduction of new scanning modes that can
help dramatically reduce measurement time over previously implemented scanning
modes.
08:40 AB1.3 DESIGN AND REALIZATION OF A PLANAR NEAR
FIELD ANTENNA MEASUREMENT SYSTEM
Radiation
pattern measurement is one of the major issues in antenna characterization.
This measurement is performed in the far field range, which can be several tens
of meters for the case of directive antennas. Near field approach renders these
measurements possible inside a small laboratory. Nevertheless, since the design
and the realization of near field antenna measurement systems require detailed
engineering, they are fairly expensive. For obtaining a low-cost, maintainable
and native near field antenna measurement system, an engineering activity was
conducted and a near field measurement system was developed. Here we present
antenna patterns measured by this system.
09:00 AB1.4 A DIRECT MATRIX APPROACH TO 3-D ANTENNA
RADIATION-PATTERN ESTIMATION FROM PARTIALLY-SCANNED SPHERICAL NEAR-FIELD DATA
T. Yang, W. A. Davis, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
Far-field
radiation-pattern estimation is explored for partially-scanned, spherical
near-field data resulting from physical limitations of antenna under test or
associated measurement systems. A direct matrix approach, based on
spherical-wave expansions, is found to be simple and effective for constructing
the 3D pattern from partially-scanned near-field data. Criteria on the minimum
near-field data for full 3D pattern reconstruction is explained. The concept of
the direct matrix approach is demonstrated for mobile and horn antennas. A
reduction of the scan time is an added benefit of this antenna measurement
method.
09:20 Tea/Coffee Break
09:40 AB1.5 THE ENGINEERING IMPLEMENT OF ANTENNA
TIME-DOMAIN NEAR-FIELD MEASUREMENT SYSTEM
B. Cui, Z. Xue, N. Wang, W. Ren, W. Li, X. Xu, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
At
present, a complete measurement system has been built up successfully by our
laboratory, besides its engineering implement has been accomplished also. We
can show an antennas radiation field in a form of 3D animation dynamically with
this measurement system, which demonstrates the time-domain near-field
measurement theory and the time-domain near-field measurement system are
practical. The present paper will introduce the basic principles, the
components of the system and the essential techniques. The screenshots of the
dynamic 3D animation will be shown in the part of conclusion at last.
10:00 AB1.6 AN INNOVATIVE AND EFFICIENT METHOD TO
MEASURE SMALL ANTENNAS IN WATER CONDUITS
D. Trinchero, R. Stefanelli, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
Wireless
Sensor Networks have been recently proposed for applications in many systems.
Among all, the possibility to insert a node inside a liquid has attracted
attention by few authors. The paper presents the design and construction of a
test bench for experimental characterization of antennas inside liquids. The
design has involved the classification of a large variety of pipelines, among
which three different samples have been selected. The pipeline has consequently
been configured in order to host fixed or mobile antennas, which can be wired
towards the external part of the conduit, to facilitate their connection to a
network analyzer.
10:20 AB1.7 A MODIFIED VERSION OF THE RADIATION
PATTERN INTEGRATION METHOD FOR THE MEASUREMENTS OF THE RADIATION EFFICIENCY OF
ELECTRICALLY SMALL MAGNETIC ANTENNAS
R. Stefanelli, D. Trinchero, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
The
radiation efficiency of an antenna is always critical to characterize
experimentally. In this paper four methods are reviewed and analyzed: the
Wheeler method, Q method, radiometric method and radiation pattern integration
method. Among them, a modified version of the last is introduced, in order to
obtain a more efficient and faster measurement procedure, applicable to the
characterization of small magnetic antennas. The simulation results demonstrate
that using this method an improvement of 70% of the time and calculation effort
can be reached. Nevertheless, the method introduces an acceptable uncertainty,
never larger than 0.5 dB.
10:40 End of the Session
B06 – Multiscale Modeling and Applications to Composite Materials
Session Chairs: Niklas Wellander, Daniel Sjoberg
Session B06
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Wednesday, August 17, 08:00-10:40
Room Anadolu Auditorium
08:00 B06.1 ANTI-RESONANT RESPONSE OF RESONANT
INCLUSIONS?
When
retrieving the material parameters of a metamaterial with resonant inclusions,
the expected Lorentz-like resonance in one parameter typically yields an
unexpected and unphysical so-called antiresonance in the other effective
parameter. Using a simple model problem with plasmonic cylinders, we discuss
some explanations for the antiresonance-problem and argue that the fundamental
reason is that the assumed homogeneous model with sharp boundaries is
insufficient when the retrieval fails to produce physically reasonable results.
Some promising paths towards a better model are also briefly discussed.
08:20 B06.2 CHARACTERIZATION OF THE OPTICAL MODES IN
3D-PERIODIC ARRAYS OF METALLIC NANOSPHERES
Complex
optical modes in 3D-periodic arrays of metallic nanospheres are analyzed at
optical frequencies for both longitudinal and transversal (with respect to the
mode traveling direction) polarization states. Each nanosphere is modeled to
act as a single dipole by using the single dipole approximation approach, and
the metal permittivity is described by the Drude model. Complex mode dispersion
diagrams, the figure of merit and effective refractive index versus frequency
are shown and compared with those obtained with Maxwell Garnett homogenization
theory. Comparison with effective permittivity retrieved by scattering
parameters of finite-thickness structures will be shown during the
presentation.
08:40 B06.3 HOMOGENIZATION OF A NONLOCAL ELECTROSTATIC
EQUATION
We
find the effective (homogenized) properties of a composite (a heterogeneous
material) supplied with spatially non-local constitutive relations. We homogenize
an electrostatic equation in a periodic setting. The current density is given
as a spatial convolution of the electric field with a conductivity kernel. It
turns out that the homogenized equation also has a nonlocal constitutive
relation if we do not scale the non-localness. However, if we decrease the
neighborhood which influence the current density simultaneously as we make the
fine structure scale finer and finer then we obtain a constitutive relation
which is local.
09:00 B06.4 TRANSFORMATION MEDIA FOR FINITE ELEMENT
SOLUTION OF MULTI-SCALE ELECTROMAGNETIC BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS
We
present coordinate transformation techniques for solving multi-scale
electromagnetic boundary value problems involving fine geometrical features.
The purpose is to eliminate fine mesh and to allow uniform and easy-to-generate
meshes in the finite element solution of multi-scale problems by introducing
metamaterial regions into the computational domain. The approaches are based on
the form-invariance property of Maxwells equations. The medium where the coordinate
transformation is applied is equivalent to an anisotropic medium whose
constitutive parameters are determined by the Jacobian of the transformation.
Several numerical simulations are illustrated in the context of electromagnetic
scattering problems.
09:20 Tea/Coffee Break
09:40 B06.5 SCATTERING MEASUREMENTS IN A PARALLEL
PLATE WAVEGUIDE - FIRST RESULTS
This
paper describes a parallel plate waveguide for scattering and material
measurements. The setup can for certain scatterers be considered as a 2D radar
cross section (RCS) range. Measurements on metallic circular cylinders are
performed, and the forward RCS and the extinction cross section are determined.
Two different calibration methods are used, and it is found that the method
employing a calibration object is the most accurate. It is concluded that the
2D RCS in the forward direction can be measured with +-1 dB accuracy at the 10
cm level and with +-3 dB accuracy at the 1 cm level.
10:00 B06.6 ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELD DYADIC GREENS
FUNCTIONS AND DEPOLARIZING DYAD FOR A MAGNETIC CURRENT IMMERSED IN A UNIAXIAL
DIELECTRIC-FILLED PARALLEL PLATE WAVEGUIDE
M. J. Havrilla, Air Force Institute of Technology, WPAFB, OH, United States
The
principal and reflected electric and magnetic field dyadic Greens functions for
a magnetically-excited PEC parallel-plate waveguide filled with a uniaxial
dielectric are derived. It is shown that the source maintains TEz and TMz field
sets that don't couple at the PEC boundaries. A relatively simple formulation
for computing the magnetic field Greens function is developed. A Leibnitz rule
methodology for computing the depolarizing dyad is also presented, resulting in
Greens functions that are valid outside and inside the source region. Future
research involving these Greens functions in characterizing uniaxial materials
is discussed.
10:20 B06.7 ACHERS CONSTRAINT ON THE HIGH-FREQUENCY
MAGNETIC PERFORMANCE OF COMPOSITES
K. N. Rozanov, ITAE, Moscow, Russian Federation
The
paper generalizes the results available from the literature on the constraint
on the high-frequency permeability of magnetic composites, with the stress made
on the opportunities for obtaining of materials with high microwave
permeability. The rigorous derivation is presented of the integral constraint
on the permeability. A simple estimation of the effect of eddy currents is
given. The applicability limits and opportunities to over-come the constraint
are discussed. That the constraint is believed to be invalid in flake particles
with hard mag-netic axis perpendicular to the flake plane and in tiny magnetic
particles possessing exchange resonance modes.
10:40 End of the Session
CBD – Vehicular Communications
Session Chair: Alain Sibille
Session CBD
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Wednesday, August 17, 08:00-09:20
Room Dolmabahçe A
08:00 CBD.1 PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF VEHICLE-TO-VEHICLE
TUNNEL MEASUREMENTS AT 5.9 GHZ
In
this contribution, we discuss and analyze results from real-world performance
measurements for IEEE 802.11p along motorway A22 near Vienna, Austria. More
specifically, we evaluate the frame success ratio and goodput of the IEEE
802.11p physical layer for a vehicle-to-vehicle scenario in a tunnel. We report
and discuss the observed frame success ratios and goodputs for radio channels
between the transmit and the receive antenna with and without a line-of-sight
component, and investigate the impact of the propagation environment and the
traffic situation inside the tunnel.
08:20 CBD.2 ADAPTIVE MIMO ALGORITHMS FOR
TRAIN-TO-WAYSIDE TRANSMISSIONS IN TUNNELS
This
paper presents enhancements of train-to-wayside transmission systems, based on
MIMO with and without channel state information at transmitter to increase
performance without increasing the number of modems and power. The channel in
tunnel with a masking train is modeled with the Kronecker model obtained with a
3D ray tracing tool. The MIMO schemes considered are: SM, STBC, max-dmin and
P-OSM at 5.8 GHz with a targeted Frame Error Rate of 3.10-2 for a frame length
of 100 bytes. They are compared in terms of signal to noise ratio (SNR) versus
spectral efficiency.
08:40 CBD.3 DISTRIBUTED MIMO INTERFERENCE ALIGNMENT IN
PRACTICAL WIRELESS SYSTEMS
G. W. K. Colman, T. J. Willink, Communications Research Centre Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
In
order for interference alignment (IA) techniques to be implemented in future
generation mobile multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications systems,
they must be shown to be robust to system limitations such as quantisation and
delay. Current IA algorithms in the literature assume global and instantaneous
channel knowledge. In this paper, a novel IA algorithm is proposed which uses
limited feedback and local channel information. Simulations using realistic
channel models show that this algorithm can provide viable communications in
the overloaded MIMO interference channel.
09:00 End of the Session
Session Chairs: Frédérique de Fornel, Nader Engheta
Session DB2
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Wednesday, August 17, 08:00-10:40
Room Dolmabahçe B
08:00 DB2.1 NANOPLASMONICS: NEW DESIGN CONCEPTS FOR
NANOSCALE OPTICAL CAVITIES
A. Fernandez Dominguez, S. A. Maier, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
The
design of nanoplasmonic cavities exploiting coherent processes such as sub- and
superradiance as well as Fano-type interactions will be discussed. In such
cavities, interactions between bright and dark localized plasmon modes lead to
a complex mode spectrum, which can be visualized using electron energy loss
spectroscopy. First implementations fabricated using electron beam lithography
will be presented. Furthermore, it will be shown how the concept of
transformation optics can be utilized for the design of nanoresonators with a
broadband absorption spectrum, showing high promise for light harvesting over
the whole visible and infrared range of the spectrum.
A. V. Zayats, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
We
will discuss various plasmonic approaches for controlling photonic signals on
subwavelength scales. Plasmonic crystals, plasmonic waveguiding components as
well a new plasmonic platform based on metamaterials will be presented. Particular
emphasis will be given to achieving active functionalities using various
control stimuli such as electronic and magnetic fields and all-optically.
Amplification of plasmonic signals and dispersion management will also be
addressed. Active and tuneable plasmonic components are required for
development of integrated photonic circuits, in high-density data storage as
well as bio- and chemo-sensing lab-on-a-chip systems, to name a few.
08:40 DB2.3 NONLINEAR PLASMONICS
F. Capasso, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
Surface
Plasmon Polaritons (SSPs) can achieve concentration of light into
sub-wavelength regions thus opening up rich new directions in physical optics
and photonics. We present experiments on plasmonic nanocavities patterned on the
surface of metals and semiconductors and designed to concentrate light in
nanoscale volumes. This has led us to the observation of large enhancements of
nonlinear optical phenomena such as four wave mixing in gold.
09:00 DB2.4 CONTROLLING SINGLE-MOLECULE EMISSION WITH DIELECTRIC AND PLASMONIC ANTENNAS
V. Sandoghdar, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Erlangen, Germany
Modification
of the radiative properties of atoms has been an exciting topic of research in
quantum optics for about three decades. While the usual approaches to this
problem have used microcavities for molding the available modes, more recent
developments have exploited the concept of antennas in the near field. In this
talk, I will give a brief overview of our theoretical and experimental
achievements in inducing directed emission by single molecules and enhancing
their spontaneous emission rates. We will also discuss future prospects of this
line of research and its applications
09:20 Tea/Coffee Break
09:40 DB2.5 DIAMOND NANOPARTICLES AS SURFACE-PLASMON
LAUNCHERS: TOWARDS A DETERMINISTIC QUANTUM PLASMONICS
S. Huant, A. Cuche, O. Mollet, A. Drezet, Institut Neel/ CNRS & UJF Grenoble, Grenoble, France
A
nanodiamond hosting two NV centers is attached to the apex of an optical
fiber-tip and illuminated by a laser light guided by the fiber itself. Gold
films are dipped into the optical near field of this tip. The fluorescence
light generated by the NVs launches surface plasmons that are imaged by
near-field microscopy. Since the nanodiamond is a quasi single-photon source,
we argue that single surface plasmons form the experimental images. This is a
first step towards a deterministic quantum plasmonics where quantum plasmons
can be launched at any freely chosen position in a plasmonic receptacle.
10:00 DB2.6 INTEGRATED PLASMONIC SYSTEMS FOR
ULTRASENSITIVE SPECTROSCOPY AND BIODETECTION
Plasmonics,
by localizing light to the sub-wavelength volumes and dramatically enhancing
local fields, is enabling myriad of exciting opportunities for construction of
novel photonic devices and integrated nanophotonic systems. In this talk, I
will present our recent work on integrated on-chip plasmonics, nanofluidics,
and metamaterials and their applications in ultrasensitive spectroscopy and
biodetection.
10:20 DB2.7 FROM NEAR-FIELD TO FAR-FIELD: RADIATIVE
COUPLING OF PARTICLE PLASMON RESONANCES IN THREE-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRIES
R. Taubert, H. Giessen, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
We
demonstrate superradiant-like eects in a three-dimensional arrangement of
particle plasmonic oscillators at Bragg distance. In a Bragg-stacked multilayer
structure we observe the formation of a very broad photonic band gap that spans
almost one octave in the optical frequency range.
10:40 End of the Session
Session Chairs: Terje Tjelta, R. Struzak
Session E05
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Wednesday, August 17, 08:00-10:40
Room Galata
08:00 E05.1 PHYSICAL, TECHNICAL, PRACTICAL,
ECONOMICAL, AND REGULATORY ASPECTS OF SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT
The
radio spectrum is a highly value resource that call for efficient utilisation.
This includes robust interference tolerant radio equipment and cost-effective
spectrum management regimes. The pressure on suitable spectrum is high,
particularly for mobile data services. The management at all levels meets new
challenges: either it is traditional command and control methods or liberalised
market mechanisms. Spectrum for specified radio services and systems is
challenged by free utilisation of spectrum commons. The way forward is an
evolutionary path where laws of physics must be respected, but advance
technology allowed and more flexible regulatory regimes put into work.
08:20 E05.2 SPECTRUM CONSIDERATIONS FOR GLOBAL
BROADBAND ACCESS
C. Langtry, International Telecommunication Union, Geneva, Switzerland
ITU
plays a leading role in establishing the standards and spectrum arrangements
for the current IMT-2000 (3G) systems and for IMT-Advanced, which provides the
global platform for the next generations of mobile broadband services. It is
now timely to review the initial forecasts of spectrum requirements that were
made and to assess what further actions may be required to realize global
mobile broadbands vast potential to connect the world. This review is being
addressed in the ITU-Rs Study Group and Conference activities.
08:40 E05.3 FLEXIBLE SPECTRUM USAGE FOR THE FUTURE
BROADBAND MOBILE AND FIXED CONVERGENCE
L. Sun, Huawei, Beijing, China
To
meet the tremendous increase of user ever-increasing demands of on the global
market, it is necessary to find more available spectrum resources for the
future broadband mobile and fixed convergence. Under the current circumstance,
it is more important to strengthen sharing broadband applications with other
radio services. Instead of only calculating the deficiency of resources, we
need to try to find a solution through spectrum sharing with other services. we
provide two solutions of flexible spectrum usage for the mobile broadband
applications, from the operational and regulatory perspective.
09:00 E05.4 PERSPECTIVES AND PROBLEMS OF OPPORTUNISTIC
AND DYNAMIC SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT
M. R. Fitch, BT, Martlesham Heath, United Kingdom
Changes
in regulation are allowing secondary users to share spectrum with primary
users, for free subject to the condition that they do not interfere with the
primary users. Cognitive Radio (CR) is an enabling technology that allows such
sharing. It opens the way for opportunistic and dynamic spectrum management,
where wireless equipment is required to interface with cognitive algorithms,
sensing mechanisms and databases. The paper discusses the challenges and opportunities
that arise with such spectrum management.
09:20 Tea/Coffee Break
09:40 E05.5 OPPORTUNISTIC SECONDARY SPECTRUM ACCESS -
OPPORTUNITIES AND LIMITATIONS
J. Zander, K. W. Sung, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden
Dynamic
spectrum sharing technique (Cognitive Radio) where secondary users
opportunistically utilize temporarily or locally unused spectrum has emerged as
a promising technology to relieve the perceived spectrum shortage. The QUASAR
project aims at a realistic assessment of the amount of spectrum available for
secondary use. Result show that it's fundamentally difficult to reliably
determine which part of the spectrum is available, which leads to large safety
margins consequently to poor spectrum utilization. Further, future business
success depends on the scalability of the secondary access techniques. Also,
the vast majorities of spectrum opportunities defy common models for spectrum
trading
10:00 E05.6 CONSERVATION OF SPECTRUM FOR SCIENTIFIC
SERVICES,- THE RADIO ASTRONOMICAL PERSPECTIVE
A. Jessner, Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy, Bonn, Germany
Scientific
services are indispensable for a technical society, but by their nature they
have more stringent protection requirements. These have also changed in the new
digital era. Scientific services are efficient in their use of allocated
bandwidth and utilise the highest possible detection sensitivity, but any
detectable man-made signal in their band jeopardizes their operation. There is
no free choice of frequencies, these are given by natural molecular transition
frequencies. As a consequence, only the scrupulous regulatory protection of
core frequencies for science can ensure the viability of scientific use of
radio spectrum for the benefit of all.
10:20 E05.7 MITIGATION OF EXTERNAL INTERFERENCE ON AN
EGSM NETWORK
T. U. Haq, wi-tribe, Islamabad, Pakistan; A. Iqbal, wi-tribe, Lahore, Pakistan
Wireless
Technologies are being used extensively for telecommunication services,
increasing possibility of inter-system interference. Interference management
becomes a challenge if same spectrum is allocated to different network
operators in neighboring countries. ITU and Regional Regulatory bodies provide
guidelines for coordinated spectrum allocations across international borders;
however, some scenarios are not addressed. One such problem is faced by an EGSM
operator in Pakistan which is facing interference from CDMA operators in India.
Coordinated frequency planning is not possible in this cross-technology
interference scenario. This paper describes analysis and mitigation of the
unique interference problem of the Pakistani EGSM operator.
10:40 End of the Session
F05 – Radar Applications: Polarimetric Interferometry, Smart Systems and Propagation Impairment
Session Chairs: Alberto Moreira, Eric Pottier
Session F05
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Wednesday, August 17, 08:00-10:40
Room Haliç
08:00 F05.1 SUBSURFACE TOPOGRAPHY MAPPING IN DESERTS
USING TWO FREQUENCY SAR INTERFEROMETRY
K. Sarabandi, A. Elsherbini, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
The
progress in the development of a new two frequency InSAR system for mapping the
subsurface topography in deserts and arid regions is presented. The proposed
system consists of a Ka-InSAR for mapping the top interface topography and a
VHF-InSAR for mapping the subsurface topography. The required modifications in
conventional InSAR inversion to allow for height estimation in the presence of
the top layer are then presented. Some of the image distortions that occur in
the SAR images are also presented. Scaled model measurements were performed to
verify the operation of the proposed system.
08:20 F05.2 MILLIMETER-WAVE GROUND BASED SYNTHETIC
APERTURE RADAR MEASUREMENTS
In
this study, applications of millimeter wave ground based synthetic aperture
radar (GB-SAR) experiments are studied. GB-SAR setup is constructed and
measurements of different objects are carried out in the semi-anechoic chamber
room. Measurements from targets at the millimeter wave regions are collected by
the newly constructed measurement setup. Also, real SAR measurement from metal
targets is taken. Then, the millimeter wave GB-SAR images are reconstructed by
using a matched filtering type algorithm and the performance of the setup is
quantified from the resultant images by evaluating the accuracy and quality
metrics.
08:40 F05.3 ESTIMATING AMBIGUITY NUMBER OF RADIAL
VELOCITY FOR GROUND MOVING TARGETS FROM A SINGLE SAR SENSOR
S. Zhu, G. Liao, Xidian University, xi'an, China
This
paper addresses an ambiguity number estimation approach of cross-track velocity
for ground moving targets from a single synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensor.
We first transform the target signatures into range frequency domain and then
compress it for each range frequency. The resulting compressed envelope
exhibits a straight line with its slope just proportional to the ambiguity
number of the induced Doppler centroid. The true radial velocity can be
completely retrieved. For dim moving targets, an improved estimation strategy
is introduced. The effectiveness of this approach is demonstrated by the
theoretical analysis and real measured SAR data
09:00 F05.4 DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN AUTOMATIC
CRUISE CONTROL RADAR FOR SMART VEHICLE
S. Bera, D. Bhaskar, R. Bera, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Technology, Rangpo, Sikkim, India
Smart
vehicles are evolving for collision avoidance after the success stories of
airborne SAR for air traffic detection and control. Efforts for the development
of such vehicular radar using spread spectrum waveform are attempted by
authors. Model based design and simulation of the radar system along with
target modeling and ISAR imaging are successfully completed. Baseband and IF
portion of the radar model are realized by uploaded and downloaded to Arbitrary
waveform generator and Vector signal generator respectively. The total radar
system with ISAR Imaging are successfully tested at the open range of the
authors premises with multiple standard targets.
09:20 Tea/Coffee Break
09:40 F05.5 GENERALIZED ISAR IMAGING OF SEA TARGET
A. D. Lazarov, Burgas Free University, Burgas, Bulgaria
A
GISAR approach to solve SAR problem for ship target imaging is considered.
Definition of three dimensional SAR scenario is suggested. Analytical
geometrical approach to define apparent Yaw, Pitch and Roll angle of a ship
target at sea is implemented. The target is presented as an assembly of point
scatterers. Mathematical expressions to calculate distance to each point
scatterer are derived. SAR signal model based on a linear frequency modulated
signal and reflectivity function of the target is derived. Image reconstruction
includes Fourier range and azimuth compressions. To verify GISAR models and
image reconstruction concept a numerical experiment is performed.
10:00 F05.6 INFERENCE OF SPATIAL CORRELATION
CHARACTERISTICS OF RAINFALL INTENSITY FROM THE DATA OF SATELLITE-BORNE
PRECIPITATION RADAR AND GROUND-BASED RAIN GAUGES
T. Manabe, R. Jozaki, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
Spatial
correlation characteristics of rainfall are crucial in predicting rain attenuation
statistics for wireless links above 10 GHz. In this paper, we propose a method
for estimating the spatial correlation characteristics of rainfall from the
data measured by a satellite-borne radar and a ground-based raingauge. By
applying this method to the data measured by the Precipitation Radar aboard the
TRMM satellite and those of ground-based raingauges provided by Japan
Meteorological Agency, estimated spatial correlation characteristics are found
to be consistent with those reported in literatures around Tokyo and to show
regional dependence in central and western Japan.
10:20 F05.7 SOUNDING SIGNALS LIBRARY FOR
RECONFIGURABLE POLARIMETRIC FM-CW RADAR PARSAX
G. Babur, O. Krasnov, A. Yarovoy, TU Delft, Delft, Netherlands
Diversity
of sounding signal waveforms for polarimetric FM-CW radar is studied. Each
signal represents a pair of mutually orthogonal wavelets which can be
transmitted via two orthogonal polarizations. The signals compose a waveform
library which has been implemented in the operational polarimetric
software-defined radar PARSAX. This paper presents a sounding signals library
for polarimetric FM-CW radar. All the considered in this paper waveforms have
been implemented in the operating polarimetric radar (in its FM-CW mode),
namely in the PARSAX radar system developed in Delft, The Netherlands.
10:40 End of the Session
G05 – New Science Initiatives on Irregularities and Scintillation using Beacon Satellites
Session Chairs: Patricia Doherty, Paul Bernhardt
Session G05
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Wednesday, August 17, 08:00-10:40
Room Topkapi A
08:00 G05.1 THE TANDEM INSTRUMENTED CUBESATS
EXPERIMENT (TICE) IN LOW EARTH ORBIT FOR CONTINUOUS OCCULTATION OBSERVATIONS OF
THE IONOSPHERE
A
new concept, called the Tandem Instrumented CubeSats Experiment (TICE), has
been developed using a pair of cubeSats orbiting in tandem in an a common orbit
plane. With a ~4000 km range between the satellites, the propagation path will
have constant tangent height around 80 km altitude well below the E- and
F-layer ionospheres. The radio link between the transmitter CubeSat and
receiver cubesat will be continuous so that there will be no data gaps in the
ionospheric measurements. Ionospheric irregularities will be triangulated from
the tandem satellite observations to provide both location and scintillation
strength.
08:20 G05.2 EQUATORIAL SCINTILLATION PREDICTIONS FROM
C/NOFS PLANAR LANGMUIR PROBE ELECTRON DENSITY FLUCTUATION DATA
Data
from the Planar Langmuir Probe onboard Communication/ Navigation Outage
Forecasting System will be combined with coherent scatter radar and
scintillation measurements to analyze the performance of different propagation
models of satellite signals. This work characterizes: (i) the prediction
capability of a purely space-based phase-screen scintillation model in
comparison with another that represents the variation of the irregularity
strength along ray paths in detail; and (ii) how early in time it is possible
to detect irregularity structures, estimate their temporal and spatial
evolution and predict their effects on propagation through different
ionospheric regions at later instants of time.
08:40 G05.3 C/NOFS IN SITU AND BEACON MEASUREMENTS
DURING THE MAIN PHASE OF THE FIRST MAGNETIC STORMS WITHIN SOLAR CYCLE 24
The
study utilizes the high resolution PLP and the beacon on the C/NOFS satellite
to determine the impact on the equatorial ionosphere of two moderate magnetic
storms during solar cycle 24. These two storms perturb various SCINDA sites at
dusk. The in-situ C/NOFS data allows the tracking of the plasma bubbles on a
global scale. The spectral analysis of the PLP data shows interesting variation
in the spectral shapes depending on its location with respect to the bubbles.
Current analysis is ongoing to determine the impact of the spectral shapes on
UHF scintillations from C/NOFS.
09:00 G05.4 GNU RADIO BEACON RECEIVER (GRBR)
OBSERVATIONS OF LARGE-SCALE WAVE STRUCTURE (LSWS) AND EQUATORIAL SPREAD F (ESF)
GNU
Radio Beacon Receiver (GRBR) is a new digital receiver based on GNU Radio and
USRP (Universal Software Radio Peripheral) [Yamamoto, 2008]. In this paper, the
GRBR observations of large-scale wave structure (LSWS) and the subsequent
development of equatorial spread F (ESF) using total electron content (TEC)
derived from the ground based reception of signals from the radio beacon on
board C/NOFS (Communications/Navigation Outage Forecasting System) satellite
are presented. The other evidences of LSWS include the satellite traces observed
in ionograms. These observations show that LSWS appears to play an important
role in the development of ESF.
09:20 Tea/Coffee Break
09:40 G05.5 GLOBAL S4 INDEX OBSERVED BY
FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC DURING 2006-2011
The
global FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC S4 index are subdivided and examined in various
latitudes, longitudes, altitudes, and seasons. The F-region scintillations in
the equatorial and low-latitude ionosphere start around post-sunset period and
often persist till post-midnight hours during the March and September equinox
as well as December Solstice seasons. The E-region scintillations reveal a
clear solar zenith effect and yield pronounced intensities in mid-latitudes
during the Summer Solstice seasons, which are well correlated with occurrences
of the sporadic E-layer. There is no obvious scintillation activity observed in
the high-latitude ionosphere.
10:00 G05.6 SCINTILLATIONS ON LEO POLAR ORBITING
BEACON SIGNALS IN PRESENCE OF SPORADIC E LAYERS RECORDED BY EISCAT
Ionospheric
plasma density irregularities may cause rapid fluctuations in the intensity and
phase of radio waves propagating through. Usually, scintillation events are
modelled in the diffractive scattering approach which is valid for weak scattering
conditions. Strong scintillation events are better modelled in the refractive
scattering approach, which includes weak scattering conditions. Two EISCAT
measurement campaigns were set up in order to calculate all those parameters
useful for numerical modelling of scintillation events. The radar measurement
results are compared with transionospheric radio signals at VHF, UHF, and L
band in order to understand the feasibility and appropriateness of the two
approaches.
10:20 G05.7 INVESTIGATION OF TEC VARIATION AND
IONOSPHERIC SCINTILLATION AT THE TWO HEMISPHERES OVER THE POLAR REGION USING
GPS MEASUREMENTS
The
main of the presented work is to investigate the generation of polar plasma
patches and ionospheric scintillations over Maitri, Antarctica [70.43N, 11.43E]
and Himadri, Arctic [78.55N, 11.56E]. To explore the difference between the
behaviour of day and nighttime polar region ionosphere, the data during
June-July 2008 have been used. The results show that the ionospheric irregularities
were observed at both the stations and it is seen that the scintillation are
associated with these patches. The irregularities caused strong Total Electron
Content fluctuations which are horizontally drifted from east to west
10:40 End of the Session
HG1 – Radio Sounding in Ionospheres and Magnetospheres and Associated Plasma Phenomena I
Session Chairs: Robert Benson, Bodo Reinisch, Gordon James, Vikas Sonwalkar
Session HG1
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Wednesday, August 17, 08:00-10:40
Room Topkapi B
08:00 HG1.1 RADIO SOUNDING FROM IMAGE: NEW
PERSPECTIVES ON FIELD ALIGNED DENSITY IRREGULARITIES, Z AND WHISTLER MODE
DIAGNOSTICS, AND PROTON CYCLOTRON HARMONIC ECHOES, PART 1
The
wide operating frequency range of the Radio Plasma Imager (RPI) instrument on
the IMAGE satellite made possible wave injection in the whistler-mode and
Z-mode domains as well as free-space O and X mode sounding. We review new
findings in four areas: (i) density irregularities in the PBL and within the
plasmasphere; (ii) upward Z-mode probing along geomagnetic field lines; (iii)
downward probing from 4500-7000 km altitude using whistler-mode waves that
undergo two fundamentally different types of reflection; (iv) strong coupling
of RPI pulses to the proton plasma in the vicinity of the spacecraft.
08:20 HG1.2 RADIO SOUNDING FROM IMAGE: NEW
PERSPECTIVES ON FIELD ALIGNED DENSITY IRREGULARITIES, Z AND WHISTLER MODE
DIAGNOSTICS, AND PROTON CYCLOTRON HARMONIC ECHOES, PART 2
The
wide operating frequency range of the Radio Plasma Imager (RPI) instrument on
the IMAGE satellite made possible wave injection in the whistler-mode and
Z-mode domains as well as free-space O and X mode sounding. We review new
findings in four areas: (i) density irregularities in the PBL and within the
plasmasphere; (ii) upward Z-mode probing along geomagnetic field lines; (iii) downward
probing from 4500-7000 km altitude using whistler-mode waves that undergo two
fundamentally different types of reflection; (iv) strong coupling of RPI pulses
to the proton plasma in the vicinity of the spacecraft.
08:40 HG1.3 WHISTLER MODE RADIO SOUNDING FROM THE RPI
INSTRUMENT ON THE IMAGE SATELLITE
Whistler
mode (WM) sounding experiments from the RPI instrument on IMAGE have led to the
observations of magnetospherically reflected (MR), specularly reflected (SR),
and back scattered (BS) echoes. The observed dispersion of MR and SR echoes is
used to infer the electron density, ion effective mass, and the ion composition
along the geomagnetic field line, including the important transition region
from the O+ dominated ionosphere to the H+ regime above. The observed spread in
time delays of echoes is used to determine the scale sizes (10 m -100 km) and
locations of field aligned irregularities along WM echo paths.
09:00 HG1.4 SPECTRAL INTERPRETATION OF
RADIO-SOUNDER-STIMULATED MAGNETOSPHERIC PLASMA RESONANCES IN TERMS OF KAPPA
DISTRIBUTIONS
Magnetosphere
sounders stimulate plasma resonances between the harmonics of the electron
cyclotron frequency and above the upper-hybrid frequency. More than three
decades ago they were recognized as equivalent to ionospheric
topside-sounder-stimulated resonances, designated as Qn resonances a decade
earlier, with one important difference: the magnetospheric Qn frequencies often
indicated that the background electron-velocity distribution was
non-Maxwellian. Interpretations based on bi-Maxwellian and kappa distributions
have been proposed. Here we expand on the latter, which requires fewer free
parameters, by comparing kappa-derived Qn frequencies with observations from
the Radio Plasma Imager on the IMAGE satellite.
09:20 Tea/Coffee Break
09:40 HG1.5 DAYTIME VLF MODELING OVER LAND AND SEA,
COMPARISON WITH DATA FROM DEMETER SATELLITE
A
model based on Wait's mode theory and ionospheric parameters is developed to
investigate subionospheric VLF wave propagation. Although the bulk of VLF
energy reflects off the lower ionosphere, a small portion leaks into space.
This leaves a fingerprint of the modal interference pattern. This pattern can
be detected by spacecraft and is a good method of observing the field's spatial
variation and the effects of different propagation conditions. Simulations are
compared to averaged data taken over a year from the DEMETER satellite over the
NWC transmitter.
10:00 HG1.6 REFRACTIVE INDEX OF SPHERICAL WAVES IN
MAGNETOPLASMA
The
electromagnetic field excited by an arbitrary current source embedded in a
uniform cold magneto-plasma is investigated in this paper. The Greens function
method for solving the radiation equation is used, and the solutions we
obtained are valid for any cold plasma parameters. There are always two wave
modes excited, and in the far field each mode is a spherical wave. A refractive
index of spherical waves is introduced to describe the propagation. The
properties of these excited spherical waves are discussed in this paper.
10:20 HG1.7 A NEW TYPE MULTI-FUNCTION IONOSPHERIC
SOUNDING SYSTEM
G. Yang, Z. Zhao, C. Zhou, Y. Zhang, G. Chen, Y. Hu, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
This
paper introduces a new type Multi-Function Ionospheric Sounding System (MFISS),
which bases on the PXI bus. The capabilities of ionospheric vertical sounding,
ionospheric oblique sounding and ionospheric oblique backscattering sounding
were integrated in a single MFISS, it overcomes the disadvantages of the
original ionospheric sounding equipments which have the feature with less
function, limited coverage, less obtaining parameters, it also can achieve the
function of acquiring the omnibearing geophysical characteristics, the ionosphere
channel propagation characteristics and the radio environment characteristics.
10:40 End of the Session
J05 – Sun and Solar System Science
Session Chairs: Pierre Kaufman, Noah Brosch
Session J05
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Wednesday, August 17, 08:00-10:20
Room Marmara
08:00 J05.1 MUSAR A NOVEL SAR MISSION TO VENUS
The
science community is currently considering new missions to explore Venus,
focusing on key measurements that will answer the major outstanding questions
for Venus that will remain after the current Venus Express mission. A new
lightweight X-band SAR mission is being proposed as a Discovery class mission
to Venus. This mission will utilize an X-band synthetic aperture radar capable
of acquiring imagery at high (~1 m) resolutions for specifically targeted
sites. The sensor is based on the Israel Aerospace Industry (IAI) TecSAR sensor
that is already orbiting Earth and acquiring spectacular images.
08:20 J05.2 THE UNUSUAL SOLAR CYCLE 23: THE VANISHING
SOLAR WIND, ITS CAUSE AND IMPACT
Solar
cycle 23 was very unusual, in many ways, with polar magnetic fields showing a
steady decline throughout the cycle and with the sunspot minimum being the
deepest that we have experienced in a century. Apart from this cycle 23 had
several instances when the solar wind apparently ``disappeared" for
periods exceeding 24 hours. We examine these solar wind disappearance events
which correspond to density decreases, at 1 AU, by over two orders of magnitude
for extended periods of time and show that these events, though not associated
with explosive solar phenomena, produce observable space weather effects at 1
AU.
08:40 J05.3 SOLAR PHYSICS AT NANCAY RADIO OBSERVATORY
(FRANCE) : RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
K.-L. Klein, Observatoire de Paris, Meudon, France
The
Nancay station of Paris Observatory operates two key instruments for solar
physics: the Decametre Array (dynamic spectra, 20-70 MHz) and the
Radioheliograph (images in the 150-450 MHz range). A new spectrograph (130-1000
MHz) is under construction for scientific and space weather purposes. This
contribution summarises performances of the instruments and illustrates recent
results on the quiet Sun, quasi-continuous particle acceleration in active
regions (noise storms) and coronal mass ejections and solar energetic particle
events. Such observations will be an essential support in future investigations
of the Sun-Heliosphere connection with Solar Orbiter and Solar Probe.
09:00 J05.4 THE RADIOSICENCE EXPERIMENT ON NEW
HORIZONS
REX
is the Radioscience Experiment in the payload on the New Horizons spacecraft
en-route to its encounter with Pluto in July of 2015. REX will obtain the
temperature and pressure profiles of Pluto's tenuous atmosphere while measuring
radiometric temperature, gravitational moment and ionosphere density. For all
but the radiometry, these measurements take advantage of a high power, X-band
uplink transmitted from the earth, received on the spacecraft with an
ultrastable oscillator as a frequency reference. This combination enables REX
to sense Pluto's atmosphere with precision of <0.1 Pa (1 microbar), and
<3 K.
09:20 Tea/Coffee Break
09:40 J05.5 SOLAR SYSTEM STUDIES WITH THE ARECIBO
PLANETARY RADAR SYSTEM
The
305 m Arecibo telescope equipped with a 1 MW 2.38 GHz transmitter is used for
studies of the terrestrial planets, planetary satellites including the Moon and
small bodies in the solar system. Much of the recent program emphasis has been
on astrometric and characterization observations of near-Earth objects for
which the Arecibo radar system has capabilities not matched by any other
Earth-based telescope. However, studies of the surfaces of Mercury, the Moon
and Mars continue and renewed observations of Venus are planned.
10:00 J05.6 PROGRESS ON CHINESE SPECTRAL
RADIOHELIOGRAPH－CSRH CONSTRUCTION
The
Chinese Spectral Radioheliograph (CSRH) with 40 antennas of 4.5 m covering 400
MHz 2 GHz (CSRH-I) and 60 antennas of 2 m covering 2-15 GHz (CSRH-II) has been
supported and is under construction in a radio quiet region in Inner Mongolia
of China. The array of CSRH-I has been assembled and is tested now. The array
of CSRH-II will be established during 2011-2013. The progress about the project
is introduced.
10:20 End of the Session
K04 – Biomedical Applications: Diagnostic Sensing
Session Chairs: James Lin, Jan Vrba
Session K04
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Wednesday, August 17, 08:00-10:40
Room Loft
08:00 K04.1 WIRELESS SENSING AND MONITORING OF
PHYSIOLOGICAL MOVEMENTS AND VOLUME CHANGES
J. C. Lin, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, United States
There
has been growing interest in the use of low-power wireless technology for
contact and remote detection and monitoring of physiological movements and
volume changes. Remote or non-contact sensing of body movements associated with
the expansion and contraction of the circulatory and respiratory systems.
Wireless techniques provide an approach for detecting physiological and
pathological movements and volume changes without compromising the integrity of
the physiological substrates. Non-invasive measurements can provide sensing and
monitoring for apex cardiograms, respiration rate, peripheral blood pulse wave,
pressure pulse characteristics, arterial wall movement, and life sign (heart
rate and respiration rate) detection.
08:20 K04.2 DESIGN AND REALIZATION OF ULTRA WIDE-BAND
IMPLANT ANTENNA FOR BIOTELEMETRY SYSTEMS
The
aim of this study is to design of a small size implantable antenna involving
Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) (2.4 GHz-2.48 GHz) band. The goal of
designing antenna is to obtain physiological information pertaining to person.
Simulation measurements of antenna were obtained in body ambient by making the
design of antenna with CST Studio Suite programme. Then, in vitro measurements
were performed on antenna by making an artificial material, which shows
electrical features of human skin tissue, to verify measurement results.
Obtained measurement results and simulative results are in accordance.
08:40 K04.3 MICROWAVE IMAGING FOR MEDICAL DETECTIONS
G. G. Cheng, Y. Zhu, J. A. Grzesik, Allwave Corporation, Torrance, CA, United States
We
introduce an efficient microwave imaging technique for medical applications,
especially suited for breast cancer detection. The imaging system consists of a
fixed source for transmit on one end, and a planar receiving sensors on the
other, with the target placed in between. The image of the internal organ
tissue under examination is thus obtained across a three-dimensional region,
based upon the data collected from these sensors, using our field mapping
algorithm (FMA). Six test cases, including analytic examples, FDTD simulation
runs, and hardware measurements, are given for verification, with promising
results evident throughout.
09:00 K04.4 COMPACT RESONATORS FOR PERMITTIVITY
RECONSTRUCTION OF BIOLOGICAL TISSUES
T. Yilmaz, Y. Hao, Queen Mary College, University of London, London, United Kingdom
In
this paper, a patch resonator is proposed for non-invasive measurement of
dielectric properties of biological tissues. Resonator is operating at 2.4 GHz
when placed on tissue. The patch resonator is simulated in HFSS with four
layered tissue mimicking material (skin, fat, blood, muscle) placed on top. The
electrical properties of blood layer is decreased and the change in S
parameters is tracked. Effective dielectric properties of the tissue is
reconstructed from simulated S parameter response of the resonator.
09:20 Tea/Coffee Break
09:40 K04.5 BIORADAR FOR MONITORING OF HUMAN ADAPTIVE
CAPABILITIES
This
paper sums up the results of bioradiolocation experiments dedicated to the
monitoring of human adaptive capabilities, which were conducted at Remote
Sensing Laboratory (Bauman Moscow State Technical University) during last two
years. The main task of bioradiolocation is remote or non-contact measurement
of movement, breathing and pulse parameters of biological objects behind an
obstruction or in open space at some distance. This method can be used in sleep
medicine, functional diagnostics, pharmacology, zoo-psychology, restorative
medicine and disaster medicine. Description of the bioradar experimental
procedure is given.
10:00 K04.6 THROUGHPUT OF OPTIMAL AND SUBOPTIMAL
LOW-POWER IR-UWB COHERENT RECEIVERS FOR WIRELESS BODY-AREA-NETWORKS (WBANS)
Impulse
radio ultra wide band (IR-UWB) systems have the potential for low-power
consumption as well as high data-rates over short distances. This makes them an
attractive candidate for emerging wireless body-area-network (BAN)
applications. In this paper, we investigate the performance of low-power
suboptimal real sinusoidal-template based detectors for M-ary
pulse-amplitude-modulation (PAM) and M-ary equally-correlated
pulse-position-modulation M-ary (EC-PPM) modulation techniques in multipath
channels. Furthermore, we provide numerical results in the UWB-based IEEE
802.15.6a channels, and evaluate the corresponding attainable throughput.
10:20 K04.7 GLUCOSE-DEPENDENT DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF
BLOOD PLASMA
In
this study, we show a correlation between electrical properties (relative
permittivity and conductivity) of blood plasma and plasma glucose
concentration. In order to formulate that correlation, we performed electrical
property measurements on blood samples collected from 10 adults between the
ages of 18 and 40 at University of Alabama Birmingham (UAB) Children's
hospital. The measurements are conducted between 500 MHz and 20 GHz band. Using
the data obtained from measurements, we developed a single-pole Cole-Cole model
for permittivity and conductivity as a function of plasma blood glucose
concentration.
10:40 End of the Session
CT – Six-port Wave Correlator Theory and Practical Application to RF Network Analysis
Session Chair: Takashi Ohira
Session CT
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Wednesday, August 17, 09:40-10:40
Room Dolmabahçe A
09:40 CT.1 SIX-PORT WAVE CORRELATOR THEORY AND
PRACTICAL APPLICATION TO RF NETWORK ANALYSIS
T. Yakabe, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
This
tutorial lecture is intended to introduce the basic concept and principle of
the six-port wave correlator, and to present the latest advancements in its
theory and techniques. The lecture starts with some fundamentals on the
six-port reflectometer. Next, the concept is extended to a six-port wave
correlator on which we focus from the viewpoint of establishing a new scheme
for characterizing the S matrix. Finally, we explore some specific microwave
applications of the six-port network. The lecture is full of interesting ideas
and techniques for a variety of applications in microwave and millimeter-wave
fields.
10:40 End of the Session
Session Chair: Michael Rietveld
Session GL2
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Wednesday, August 17, 11:00-12:00
Room Anadolu Auditorium
11:00 GL2.1 THE RADIO PHYSICS OF METEORS: HIGH RESOLUTION RADAR METHODS OFFERING NEW INSIGHTS
A. Pellinen-Wannberg, Umeå University and Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden
The
introduction of the high-power large-aperture (HPLA) radar method has
rejuvenated meteor radiophysics. Operating at much shorter wavelengths and with
orders of magnitude higher power densities than meteor radars, HPLA radars
record head echoes throughout the meteor region. Parameters like meteoroid
orbital elements, astronomical origin, meteor velocity, deceleration,
composition, fragmentation, breakup, echo polarization and plasma physics can
be studied with unprecedented accuracy, often in microsecond time resolution,
adding important new elements to our knowledge of the solar system dust
population. The development from 1990 to the present will be reviewed and some
recent breakthroughs highlighted.
12:00 End of the Session
Session Chair: William Davis
Session AB2
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Wednesday, August 17, 13:40-17:20
Room Dolmabahçe C
13:40 AB2.1 DESIGN OF WIDEBAND DUAL-POLARIZED
MICROSTRIP ANTENNAS
J. S. Jeon, KT Mobile R&D Laboratory, Seoul, South Korea
This
study investigates wideband dual-polarized microstrip antennas. These antennas
are used to prevent deterioration of transmission quality caused by terminal
interference or multipath fading, which usually occur when many terminals are
used in limited space such as hot-spot zones. The experimental results showed
that the impedance bandwidth (SWR<2) of 33.24 % and the peak gain of 8.44
dBi (at 2.11 GHz) were obtained by the frequency band under 2.5 GHz. Designed
originally for triple service band, the proposed antenna, with its simple
structure, may easily be mass-produced and may have various commercial
applications.
14:00 AB2.2 DUAL FREQUENCY RECONFIGURABLE MICROSTRIP
ANTENNA USING VARACTOR DIODES
N. M S, A. C K, M. Pezholil, V. Kesavath, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, India
A
varactor controlled electronically reconfigurable dual frequency microstrip
antenna is presented. Dual frequency operation is realized by embedding an
X-slot in a rectangular patch. High tuning ranges of 26.3% and 15.3% are
realized for the two resonant frequencies respectively, when the bias voltage
is varied from 0 to 16V. This design has an added advantage of size reduction
up to 77% and 64% for the two resonant frequencies compared to standard
rectangular patch. A maximum band width of 2.26% and 2.36% respectively for the
two frequencies is observed.
14:20 AB2.3 A BROADBAND DESIGN OF H-SHAPED MICROSTRIP
ANTENNA WITH CAPACITIVE FEEDING
A
H-shaped Microstrip patch antenna with capacitive feed is presented here,
overcome various problems in other feeding, capacitive feeding scheme has used
which consist of radiator patch and feed strip. The design of antenna
incorporates capacitive feed strip which is fed by coaxial probe. Slot is used
in the radiating patch along radiating edges of the proposed design to attain
the improved bandwidth. Constant radiation pattern with improved VSWR bandwidth
of nearly 46%, for operating frequency of 5.1GHz is easily achieved. The
effects of key design parameters like air gap between substrate and ground
plane etc. are studied.
14:40 AB2.4 U-SLOT STACKED PATCH ANTENNA USING HIGH
AND LOW DIELECTRIC CONSTANT MATERIAL COMBINATIONS IN S-BAND
K. Surmeli, TUBÝTAK-BÝLGEM, Kocaeli, Turkey
In
this study a uslot stacked patch antenna design is presented. The antenna
consist of high and low dielectric materials combination in S band. Materials
are commercially available microwave substrates (Rogers TMM3 and Rohacell HF71
foam). The antenna return loss bandwidth is about 52.94%, centered about 3.4
GHz and the fabrication of the antenna is more easier.
15:00 AB2.5 CIRCULARLY POLARIZED MICROSTRIP PATCH
ARRAY FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION APPLICATIONS
In
recent years, great interest was focused on Microstrip antennas for good
integration and good performance. With the continuous growth of wireless
communication service and the constant miniaturization of communication
equipment, there are higher demands for the volume of antennas, integration and
working band. This paper presents A circular polarized (CP ) Circular
Microstrip antenna array with multi- band for wireless communications system
application which are suitable for 2.92GHz, 4.3GHz, 5GHz triple-band operations.
These systems include various combinations of WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability
for Microwave Access) and wireless local-area network (WLAN, 2.8 GHz for
wireless video operation).
15:20 AB2.6 CAPACITIVE FEEDING FOR SLOTTED MICROSTRIP
PATCH
A
Microstrip patch antenna having slotted sides with small capacitive feed has
studied. Slots on the proposed patch can be used to increase the bandwidth of
antenna. It has observed that VSWR bandwidth nearly 45% is easily achieved with
the novel patch. A constant radiation pattern with improved bandwidth, for an
operating frequency of 4.8 GHz is achieved. The given patch is radiating patch
while feed strip couples the energy to radiating patch by capacitive mean.
Effect of various parameters such as air gap between substrate and ground
plane, probe diameter etc on performance of the antenna has studied .
15:40 Tea/Coffee Break
16:00 AB2.7 LINEARLY POLARISED MICROSTRIP ANTENNA FOR
WLAN APPLICATIONS
A
novel compact linearly polarized square microstrip antenna with four slits and
rectangle notches at four corners is proposed . The center frequency of the
microstrip antenna operates at 6GHz and it has about 4% bandwidth with
VSWR<2. The design and performance of a linearly polarized microstrip patch
antenna, for the application in Wireless Local Area Network, are reported here.
The aim is to design and fabricate an inset fed rectangular Microstrip Antenna
and study the effect of antenna dimensions length,, width and relative
dielectric constant, substrate thickness on radiation parameters of band width.
16:20 AB2.8 SIMULATION OF A RECTANGULAR SPIRAL SHAPED
MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA
A. Aoad, E. Korkmaz, Fatih University, Istanbul, Turkey
For
some applications it is required to design antennas operating at lower
frequencies, have relatively low lateral size and a narrow beam broadside
radiation pattern. To that end a new rectangular spiral shaped microstrip
antenna is designed and simulated by using of commercial software CST Microwave
Studio. The parameters are optimized to have an operation frequency around
1-3.5 GHz, maximum lateral size of 3.5 cm, a minimum directivity of 6 dBi and a
HPBW less than 90. The achieved results are promising and are tunable to
specific parameters.
16:40 AB2.9 A NEW EFFECTIVE ANTENNA FOR MOBILE
HEADSETS
M. Bank, M. Haridim, HIT, Holon, Israel; S. Tapuchi, J. Gavan, SCE, Beer Sheba, Israel
The
main problems concerned with the design of mobile headsets antennas treated in
this paper are low efficiency and the difficulty of installing two antennas or
more for Multiple Input-Multiple Output (MIMO) applications. This paper
proposes a radical solution to the mentioned problems by avoiding the use of
special antennas as radiating elements. The proposed efficient radiating
element is the mobile headset printed circuit board. The proposed solution is
compared with other classical solutions.
17:00 AB2.10 COMPACT COPLANAR WAVEGUIDE FED GROUND
MEANDERED ANTENNA FOR WIRELESS APPLICATION
A
compact Co-Planar Waveguide (CPW) fed antenna operating at 2.4GHz with 300MHz
2:1 VSWR bandwidth is presented. Compared to a conventional quarter wavelength
CPW fed monopole antenna, the aperture area reduction of the present antenna is
85%. The prototype antenna fabricated on a substrate of εr = 4.4 and
thickness 1.6mm is only 22x10x1.6mm3. This much size reduction and impedance
matching is achieved by adjusting the signal to ground plane separation and
meandering the ground plane of a 50Ω CPW transmission line
17:20 End of the Session
Session Chairs: Tapan Sarkar, Magdalena Salazar-Palma
Session B07
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Wednesday, August 17, 13:40-17:20
Room Anadolu Auditorium
13:40 B07.1 THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF A VARACTOR-LOADED
HALF-WIDTH LEAKY-WAVE ANTENNA
Maintaining
a narrow beamwidth is difficult for a linear phased array antenna comprised of
wide beamwidth antenna elements with peak gain direction normal to the axis of
the array as the beam is steered close to end-fire. Rather, use of near
end-fire antennas, either singly or arrayed, offer the potential for achieving
reasonably narrow beamwidth even as the beam is steered near endfire. For
applications requiring wide bandwidth as well, half-width leaky-wave antennas
offer a potential element. Unfortunately, the beam direction is dispersive. In
this paper, a method is presented using varactors to overcome these challenges.
14:00 B07.2 DESIGN AND OPTIMIZATION OF ANTENNA ARRAYS
FOR 60 GHZ HYBRID SMART ANTENNA SYSTEMS WITH CONSIDERATION OF INTER-ELEMENT
ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERACTIONS
Use
of directive elements, element tilting, and using subarrays are proposed to
reduce computational complexity and cost of smart antennas. This approach,
namely the Hybrid Smart Antenna System combines advantages from both the
adaptive and switched beam approaches. A genetic algorithm based array
optimization procedure that determines the element tilt angles to uniformly
cover a given angular range by adaptive beamsteering has also been proposed for
60 GHz wireless applications. In this paper, additional considerations, namely
the electromagnetic interactions between the array elements are considered and
a more realistic implementation and optimization of the hybrid smart antenna
technique is discussed.
14:20 B07.3 GEODA-GRUA: ADAPTIVE MULTIBEAM CONFORMAL
ANTENNA FOR SATELLITES COMMUNICATIONS
GEODA-GRUA
is a conformal adaptive antenna array for satellite communications. Operating
at 1.7 GHz with circular polarization, it is possible to track and communicate
with several satellites at once being able to receive signals in full azimuth
and within the range of 5 to broadside elevation thanks to its adaptive beam.
Its complex structure has 2700 radiating elements based on a set of 60 similar
triangular arrays that are divided in 15 subarrays of 3 radiating elements. A
control module governs each transmission/receiver module associated to each
cell in order to manage beam steering by shifting phases.
14:40 B07.4 USE OF A SINGLE SNAPSHOT BASED ADAPTIVE
PROCESSING USING A DIRECT DATA DOAMIN APPROACH
T. Sarkar, Syracuse University, Syracuse, United States; M. Salazar, Univ Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
The
objective of this presentation is to describe a general methodology for
adaptive processing using conformal arrays for a single snap shot of data and
without any statistical assumption on the noise and the interferences. The
antenna elements in a conformal array can be unequally spaced and they need not
be situated over a planar surface. In addition the antenna elements can have a
directive gain. The goal is to present a signal processing methodology coupled
with electromagnetic physics that can deal with non-uniformly spaced directive
antenna elements over a conformal surface.
15:00 B07.5 ANALYSIS OF THE ELECTROMAGNETIC DEGREES OF
FREEDOM IN MULTI-ANTENNAS COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS
M.-F. Wong, A. Gati, J. Wiart, Orange labs, R&D, Issy Moulineaux, France
The
channel capacity enhancement is of great interest in broadband wireless
communications. The spatial dimension is being investigated with the use of
multi-antennas systems. The role of the antennas, their numbers and their
positions are to be understood through an electromagnetic analysis. The degrees
of freedom of an electromagnetic system are related to the capacity of a
transmission channel. In this paper, we investigate all these notions through
different case studies using full-wave electromagnetic simulations. The
capacity of a multi-antennas system is thus being analyzed on a physical
ground.
15:20 B07.6 TOWARD SYSTEM MODELING DEDICATED TO
FREQUENCY RECONFIGURABLE ANTENNAS
With
the recent evolution of wireless systems such as cognitive radio, new antennas
have to be developed to provide large bandwidth, compact size and especially
adaptive parameters for changing environments. The antennas are become more
again an essential part of wireless systems. They play a fundamental role both
in the propagation and also at a system level. New antennas models must be
developed being radically different from those currently available. The
potential of linear invariant time models associated to parametric approaches
to describe antennas is presented. Based on these approaches, a new method for
modeling reconfigurable antennas is proposed.
15:40 Tea/Coffee Break
16:00 B07.7 A LOW-PROFILE OMNIDIRECTIONAL PLANAR
ANTENNA WITH VERTICAL POLARIZATION
K. Sarabandi, J. Oh, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
A
novel low-profile miniaturized antenna with vertical polarization and
omnidirectional radiation pattern employing two in-phase elements is presented.
The antenna operation is accomplished by substituting an impedance inverter
capacitor which produces the required 180 degree phase shifter with an open
stub. In this way, no conduction current in opposite direction to the radiating
pins is generated. The lateral dimension and height of the proposed antenna are
λ/8 and λ/40, respectively. A very high antenna gain of 0.5dBi is
obtained. Using the proposed design procedure, the performance of further
miniaturized antennas will be presented.
16:20 B07.8 MINIATURIZED TUNABLE MEANDERLINE LOADED
ANTENNA WITH Q-FACTOR APPROACHING THE LOWER BOUND
Having
a high-efficiency tunable antenna to cover wide band with good match is an
interesting topic, especially in the case when the physical size of the antenna
is too small. A novel spherical monopole antenna which has been miniaturized
through a couple of Meanderline sections has been presented in this paper. This
antenna, with maximum dimension of 0.05λ, has dual band operation with
independent frequency-tunable capability in 30 88 MHz frequency band. Thanks to
antenna geometry and Meanderline miniaturization technique, the exact Q-factor
of the antenna approaches the Thal lower bound.
16:40 B07.9 DESIGN AND OPTIMIZATION OF ULTRA-WIDEBAND
TEM HORN ANTENNAS FOR GPR APPLICATIONS
A. A. Jamali, R. Marklein, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
This
paper presents the design and optimization of UWB TEM horn antennas for GPR
applications. The numerical simulations of electromagnetic wave propagation are
performed in the time domain for a preliminary and modified TEM horn antenna.
The antennas have some properties which are not suitable for GPR applications.
These effects are reduced by optimization. The characteristic of the antennas
are computed. The optimized TEM horn antenna is then modeled with the typical
GPR environment with earth, and the hidden object inside the earth. The
presented antenna can be used in the GPR systems to detect and image buried
objects.
17:00 B07.10 GSM/UMTS DUAL POLARIZATION BASE STATION
ANTENNA DESIGN
Base
station antenna array is designed to cover frequency range from 1710 MHz to
2170 MHz. An entirely different antenna feed structure which consists of an
L-plate capacitive feed, is developed and a parasitic patch is optimized to
meet target design specifications. The antenna is +/- 45o dual polarization
with dedicated channels for each polarization. A prototype of the antenna
element is built and measured to corroborate simulation results. The antenna
array for BSA is designed to have an 18 dBi system gain with a VSWR less than
1.5 over the entire frequency band.
17:20 End of the Session
CHGBDJK – Solar Power Satellites and Wireless Power Transmission
Session Chairs: Naoki Shinohara, Kozo Hashimoto, Kristian Schlegel
Session CHGBDJK
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Wednesday, August 17, 13:40-17:20
Room Dolmabahçe A
13:40 CHGBDJK.1 IMPROVEMENT OF A UBIQUITOUS POWER SOURCE
Ubiquitous
power source can wirelessly transmit power anywhere in a space. In order to
realize this system, we have examined an efficient power transmission system
which sends power to necessary places only based on direction of arrival
measurement. A simple in-phase transmission array is proposed and evaluated as
useful and efficient. This system can send power to multiple receivers. In
order to send the power to only necessary points, a pilot signal is sent from a
receiver. A low power system is manufactured and evaluated.
14:00 CHGBDJK.2 MICROWAVE ENERGY TRANSMISSION PROGRAM FOR
SSPS
Institute
for Unmanned Space Experiment Free Flyer, USEF, has been studying SSPS as
future electricity alternative energy source, which use 5.8GHz microwave energy
transmission technology. From 2009, USEF started new research and development
project of the Microwave Ground Wireless Power Transmission. This project
includes the study for high efficient and thin structured phased array antenna,
and the study for high efficient rectenna element. Also this project plans to
test ground wireless power transmission as a previous stage to the next space
experiment of SSPS. Outline and progress of this project are introduced.
14:20 CHGBDJK.3 MEETING THE CHALLENGES OF IMPLEMENTING
PORTABLE SPACE-BASED SOLAR POWER
F. E. Little, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States
A
space-based solar power system to supply power for disaster relief,
humanitarian aid or other temporary local electric power needs using a hybrid
laser/microwave wireless power transmission system is briefly described. A
space-to-ground experiment to validate retrodirective control of laser and
microwave power transmission beams that would use the International Space
Station as the in-space platform for the experimental apparatus is described.
14:40 CHGBDJK.4 ARRAY ANTENNA ARCHITECTURES FOR SOLAR
POWER SATELLITES AND WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION
G. Oliveri, P. Rocca, A. Massa, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
An
analytical technique for the synthesis of planar arrays for wireless power
transmission is proposed whose aim is to maximize the ratio between the power
collected at the receiver to the total transmitted power. The array weights are
optimized through an analytical methodology which formulates the synthesis
process as a generalized eigenvalue problem. The methodology can be applied for
arbitrary geometries of the transmitter array and whatever the rectenna shape.
A preliminary numerical validation is presented to assess the flexibility and
potentialities of the method.
15:00 CHGBDJK.5 ON THE MINIMIZATION OF SIDE-LOBES IN LARGE
ANTENNA ARRAYS FOR MICROWAVE POWER TRANSMISSION
Various
interesting properties a large antenna arrays with randomly, uniformly and
combined spacing of elements have been studied, especially the relationship
between the required number of elements and their appropriate spacing from one
viewpoint and the desired SLL, the aperture dimension, the beamwidth and TE
from the other. We propose a new unified approach in searching for reducing SLL
by exploiting the interaction of deterministic and stochastic workspaces of
proposed algorithms.
15:20 CHGBDJK.6 EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON ONE-DIMENSIONAL
PHASED ARRAY ANTENNA INCLUDING LOSSY DIGITAL PHASE SHIFTERS FOR TRANSMITTING
POWER MAXIMIZATION
T. Mitani, Kyoto University, Uji, Japan; S. Tanaka, Y. Ebihara, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
A
large-scale phased array antenna will be adopted as a microwave power
transmitter of solar power satellites. The objective of the present study is to
maximize transmitting power of a large-scale phased array antenna including
lossy digital phase shifters. In the present paper, we describe a newly
developed algorithm for transmitting power maximization, and demonstration
experiments of a one-dimensional 12-elements phased array antenna including
4-bit lossy digital phase shifters. We confirmed effectiveness of the developed
algorithm through the demonstration experiments as well as numerical
simulations.
15:40 Tea/Coffee Break
16:00 CHGBDJK.7 NEW RESEARCH FACILITIES OF PHASED ARRAY
AND ANECHOIC CHAMBER FOR SPS
N. Shinohara, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
A
Space Solar Power Satellite/Station (SPS) requires high efficiency and low cost
phased array for a microwave power transmission from the SPS to ground. For the
phased array of the SPS, we have developed new phased array research facility,
new rectenna (rectifying antenna) array research facility, and a special
anechoic chamber for the SPS experiment in Kyoto University in FY2010. In this
paper, I show the characteristics of the new phased array and rectenna array. I
also introduce the new anechoic chamber for the SPS in Kyoto University.
16:20 CHGBDJK.8 MW WPT FOR HAPS AND SPS: CONCEPTS, EMI AND
BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS ISSUES
J. Gavan, S. Tapuchi, SCE, Ashdod, Israel
The
long distances Microwave (MW) Wireless Power Transmission (WPT) concepts are
followed by the presentation of high Altitude Platforms (HAPS) principles.
Stratospheric HAPS operation requiring up to a few hundreds kW of electrical
power is limited by long sun eclipses. The realization of terrestrial MW WPT
systems feeding HAPS could be useful for their long duration operation and for
the preliminary tests of more complex and power demanding Solar Power
Satellites (SPS) systems. Electro Magnetic Interference (EMI) and biological
hazards issues will be discussed for selected frequencies and compared for
terrestrial, HAPS and SPS long range MW WPT systems.
16:40 CHGBDJK.9 IMPACT TO THE RADIO ASTRONOMY BY THE
INTERFERENCE CAUSED BY THE SOLAR POWER SATELLITE SYSTEMS
M. Ohishi, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Tokyo, Japan
We
have conducted a preliminary study to assess interference caused by a SPS to
radio astronomy observations, and show that the SPS that is currently planned
is highly unlikely to coexist with radio astronomy observations.
17:00 CHGBDJK.10 CYLINDRICAL DIELECTRIC RESONATOR ANTENNAS
FED BY A STAIR SLOT IN THE GROUND PLANE OF A MICROSTRIPLINE
A
novel coupling scheme to cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna is proposed
and investigated. In particular, coupling to the resonator is achieved by
simple slot firstly and a stair slot secondly exited by a microstrip line. The
objectives of this change are to maximize the coupling, increase a gain and
miniaturize the structure antenna, achieve resonance at the desired frequency.
An approximate and quick design approach is given followed by more accurate
design and analysis using commercial software. The antenna was fabricated and
tested. Measurements match well with simulation results.
17:20 End of the Session
DT – RFID Technology and Applications
Session Chair: Franz Kaertner
Session DT
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Wednesday, August 17, 13:40-14:40
Room Dolmabahçe B
13:40 DT.1 INKJET-PRINTED PAPER/POLYMER-BASED RFID
AND WIRELESS SENSOR NODES
In
this talk, inkjet-printed flexible antennas, RF electronics and sensors
fabricated on paper and other polymer (e.g.LCP)substrates are introduced as a
system-level solution for ultra-low-cost mass production of UHF Radio Frequency
Identification (RFID) Tags and Wireless Sensor Nodes (WSN) in an approach that
could be easily extended to other microwave and wireless applications. Plus, we
will discuss issues concerning the power sources of "near-perpetual"
RF modules and the first examples of the integration of inkjet-printed
nanotechnology-based (e.g.CNT) sensors on paper and organic substrates.
14:40 End of the Session
EB – Electromagnetic Modelling for EMC
Session Chairs: Levent Gurel, A. Tijhuis
Session EB
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Wednesday, August 17, 13:40-17:20
Room Galata
13:40 EB.1 MULTI-SCALE MODELLING IN THE TIME-DOMAIN
FOR EMC STUDIES
C. Christopoulos, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
The
paper addresses a particular feature of EMC, namely the presence of multi-scale
objects, which make it a challenging modelling problem. By a multi-scale
problem we mean the presence in the same solution space of features which are
electrically small (relatively to the wavelength) and electrically large. The
brute force approach requiring faster and larger computers has its limits. An
innovative modelling approach based on hybrid techniques is needed. The
embedding of local solutions around fine features in the form of macro-models
and the hybridization of structured and unstructured meshes are described.
14:00 EB.2 EFFICIENT STOCHASTIC EMC/EMI ANALYSIS
USING HDMR-GENERATED SURROGATE MODELS
This
paper presents an extension to generalized polynomial chaos (gPC) based
stochastic collocation methods (SC) for statistically characterizing EMC/EMI
phenomena. The proposed extension leverages high dimensional model
representation (HDMR) expansions to approximate EMC/EMI observables in terms of
finite sums of component functions. The HDMR expansion is constructed by
iteratively selecting significant component functions, each of which is
approximated by an h-adaptive SC-gPC method. The proposed extension is capable
of statistically characterizing rapidly varying/smooth observables pertinent to
EMC/EMI analysis characterized by a large number of uncertain parameters.
14:20 EB.3 EMI/EMC MODELING OF PACKAGED ELECTRONICS:
CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
A. C. Cangellaris, J. Russer, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
The
complexity of EMI/EMC modeling at the system level of multifunctional
electronics necessitates the use of approximations in the development of a
manageable computer model. Such approximations can be interpreted in terms of
geometric, material, and layout variability. This variability calls for
methodologies and tools for predictive component and system performance and
functionality assessment in the presence of uncertainty. Such modeling
capability is not available today. This paper explores the opportunities for
and potential benefits from the development of such modeling capability in
support of EMI/EMC modeling for noise-aware computer-aided integration of
multi-functional electronic systems.
14:40 EB.4 HIGHER ORDER FULLY OVERLAPPING DOMAIN
DECOMPOSITION METHOD FOR EMI/EMC MODELING
T. Peng, K. Sertel, J. L. Volakis, The Ohio State University, Columbus, United States
We
propose a fully overlapping domain decomposition method for the analysis of
small radiating/receiving features situated in large enclosures for EMI/EMC
analysis. The proposed method decouples the relatively dense finite element
mesh (representing the small scale RF environment with high fidelity), from the
coarse background mesh modeling propagation and coupling effects with
enclosures and nearby cable bundles. This overlapping decomposi- tion allows
for unstructured meshing of the small features within large domains, providing
great flexibility in modeling multi-scale electromagnetic environments. We also
demonstrate a higher-order version of the proposed method to further improve
computational efficiency.
15:00 EB.5 A WIDEBAND FAST INTEGRAL EQUATION SOLVER
COMBINING MULTILEVEL FAST MULTIPOLE AND MULTILEVEL GREENS FUNCTION
INTERPOLATION METHOD WITH FAST FOURIER TRANSFORM ACCELERATION
D. T. Schobert, T. F. Eibert, TU Muenchen, Munich, Germany
A
wideband fast integral solver employing a fast Fourier transform accelerated
multilevel Greens function interpolation method (MLIPFFT) combined with the
multilevel fast multipole method (MLFMM) is presented. On fine levels of the
employed oct-tree structure, the low frequency stable MLIPFFT is utilized. At a
certain wavelength dependent threshold for the box size, the interpolation
point based representation of the MLIPFFT is converted into its k-space
representation suitable for an MLFMM. On the coarser levels, MLFMM translations
are used then, where the MLIPFFT becomes less efficient. The functionality of
this hybrid algorithm is demonstrated in an example.
15:20 EB.6 A LARGE DOMAIN COMPLETE BASIS FUNCTION SET
FOR CURVED SURFACES
This
paper presents a new set of complete basis functions for curved scatterers
derived by the generalization of the recently introduced Linear Phase Functions
in the parametric space. This set is able to represent the field radiated by
any current on a curved surface in a nonredundant way. The procedure has been
validated through comparison with standard RWG based MoM solution.
15:40 Tea/Coffee Break
16:00 EB.7 ON ANALYTIC EXPRESSIONS FOR FAST
ESTIMATION OF COUPLING BETWEEN ELECTRICALLY SHORT THIN-WIRE ANTENNAS WITHIN
CAVITIES
F. Gronwald, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany
Method
of moment solutions for thin-wire antenna currents can turn to analytic
solutions if the antennas are electrically small. This observation is useful
for the analysis of interior problems of Electromagnetic Compatibility when
transmitting and receiving thin-wire antennas serve to model electromagnetic
sources and victims within a resonating environment. The analytic solutions allow
fast evaluation of corresponding couplings but also are of limited accuracy.
This is exemplified by the example of two coupled antennas within a rectangular
cavity where coupling results between an analytical solution and an actual
method of moment solution are compared.
16:20 EB.8 TOWARDS A FIRST TIME RIGHT DESIGN OF THE
COMMON MODE CHOKE
There
is a need for an analytical model of the EMI filter relating its designable
parameters to its final performances in the circuit. The final goal of the
model is to support a first time right design of the common mode choke. A new
equivalent circuit is proposed where impedances are related to the designable
parameters of the choke. The actual performances of the choke can be evaluated
via a modification factor of the common mode current. Sensitivities and deviation
studies give additional insight on the behavior of the filter once it is placed
in the practical system.
16:40 EB.9 A SHORT INVESTIGATION IN THE OLD WALL
STIRRING METHOD FOR REVERBERATING CHAMBERS
J. Nijenhuis, Comtest, Zoeterwoude, Netherlands
An
old method of stirring a reverberating chamber, shifting a wall, has been
simulated and compared with the common stirring methods. The main advantage is
that there is no stirrer that has to be placed away from the walls and so in e
ect is placed in the middle of the chamber. A stirred volume of 10 % can easily
be achieved with only one stirrer, so only one actuator and maintaining a large
working volume. The chamber is well shielded by building the moving wall inside
the shielded box and no stirrer means less surface so a higher Q factor.
17:00 EB.10 TIME-DOMAIN INVESTIGATION ON RIBBON
CABLE-INDUCED TRANSIENT COUPLING INTO ENCLOSURE
A
hybrid time-domain method is proposed for characterizing electromagnetic
interference (EMI) signals in some composite structures with two-wire ribbon
cable transmission lines, metallic enclosures, and even lumped active devices
involved. In order to fast capture the inner EMI signals induced, Finite
Difference Time-Domain (FDTD), and multi-conductor transmission lines (MTL)
methods are combined together and implemented successfully. Numerical
investigation is carried out to show the induced current, voltage, and
enclosure shielding effectiveness of some practical geometry with metallic
enclosure and ribbon cables, and even a cable networks.
17:20 End of the Session
F06 – Remote Sensing of Oceans, Cryosphere and Related Topics
Session Chair: Albin Gasiewski
Session F06
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Wednesday, August 17, 13:40-17:20
Room Haliç
13:40 F06.1 SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF MICROWAVE
BACKSCATTERING AND EMISSION TO SNOW WATER EQUIVALENT: SYNERGY OF DUAL SENSOR
OBSERVATIONS
A
sensitivity analysis of emission and backscattering to snow water equivalent
(SWE) is performed using a two-layer Dense Medium Radiative Transfer Model
implemented for both active and passive case. To evaluate the potential of the
Cosmo-Skymed mission, the study is focussed on X band sensors. Simulations have
shown an appreciable sensitivity of X-band backscattering/emission to dry snow
for SWE higher than 70-100 mm and relatively high values of snow density and
crystal dimensions. Experimental data from CosmoSkymed and ground based
radiometers confirmed these results. Synergetic combination of active/passive
sensors is suggested for operational use.
14:00 F06.2 A UNIFIED MICROWAVE RADIATIVE TRANSFER
MODEL WITH JACOBIAN FOR GENERAL PLANAR STRATIFIED MEDIA
M. Tian, A. J. Gasiewski, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, United States
A
unified microwave radiative transfer (UMRT) model is presented for computing
the thermal radiation from geophysical media comprised of planar multilayer
spherical scatterers of arbitrary electrical size and density. UMRT employs
discrete ordinate-eigenanalysis to solve the vector radiative transfer
equation. Importantly, UMRT inherits the symmetrization, analytical
diagonalization, and factorization techniques from the discrete ordinate
tangent linear radiative transfer (DOTLRT) model devised by Voronovich et al.,
to ensure accuracy, numerical stability, and computational efficiency, along
with Jacobian capability. However UMRT extends the applicability of DOTLRT by
including the dense media radiative transfer theory and linear temperature
profiles within slabs.
14:20 F06.3 ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING FROM
TWO-SCATTERERS USING THE EXTENDED PROPAGATION-INSIDE-LAYER EXPANSION METHOD
In
this paper, the electromagnetic scattering from two scatterers is analyzed from
a rigorous integral formulation solved by the method of moments (MoM). G.
Kubicke has recently developed the E-PILE (Extended Propagation-Inside-Layer
Expansion) method to calculate the scattering from an object above a rough
surface for a two-dimensional problem. This method allows us to calculate
separately and exactly the interactions between the object and the rough
surface. The purpose of this paper is to extend the E-PILE method to a
three-dimensional problem.
14:40 F06.4 MODELING OF 2D RADAR BACKSCATTERING FROM
OIL FILMS ON SEA SURFACES
This
paper presents the modeling of the radar backscattering from clean and
contaminated seas for two-dimensional (2D) problems. Contaminated seas considered
here are made up of homogeneous oil films on sea surfaces. In practice, these
films being thin, they are assumed to form two parallel interfaces. In order to
deal with this two-layer problem, a so-called "thin-layer" approach
is tested and compared with a reference numerical method. Also, a more basic
approach is tested for comparison. Last, by comparison with the clean sea case,
the contaminated sea detection is tested with respect to the observation angle.
15:00 F06.5 VHF RADAR STUDIES OF THE MIGRATING AND
NONMIGRATING DIURNAL AND SEMIDIURNAL TIDES OVER A TROPICAL AND AN EQUATORIAL
STATION
VHF
radar measurements of winds are utilized to study the diurnal and semi-diurnal
tides over Gadanki and Kotatabang. The tidal amplitudes exhibit maxima in UTLS
region during June-September (Gadanki) and during March and September
(Kotatabang). The vertical wavelength is 3-5km (Gadanki) and 25-30km
(Kotatabang), which reveal the existence of nonmigrating and migrating tides,
respectively. Brightness temperature shows that over Gadanki(deep) and
Kotatabang (shallow) convective clouds. Latent-heat release by deep-clouds is
found to be the main source mechanism for nonmigrating tides. This study brings
out the differences in tides over equator and low latitude.
15:20 F06.6 ANALYTICAL PREDICTION OF THE POLARIZED
DOPPLER SPECTRUM FROM NONLINEAR OCEAN SURFACE AT MICROWAVE FREQUENCY
This
poster depicts the use of combined hydrodynamic and electromagnetic analytical
models for the simulation of the polarized ocean Doppler spectrum at microwave
frequencies. We consider linear and weakly nonlinear sea surfaces after the
Choppy Wave Model and incorporate them in the Weighted Curvature Approximation
surface scattering method. Statistical expressions are derived, for the Doppler
spectrum as well as for its central frequency and width. Results compare
favorably with rigorous numerical computations for one-dimensional surfaces
published in the literature. The simplicity of the analytical models provide a
valuable tool for the Doppler analysis of two-dimensional sea-surfaces.
15:40 Tea/Coffee Break
16:00 F06.7 A METHOD OF CALCULATION OF ELECTRON
DENSITY PROFILES FROM H'(F) TRACES OF VERTICAL SOUNDING
O. A. Laryunin, V. I. Kurkin, Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Irkutsk, Russian Federation
In
this paper we describe a method developed at ISTP SB RAS to calculate the
electron density profile in the anisotropic ionosphere from vertical sounding
data. The input data in the problem provided are magnetic inclination and h(f)
traces for ordinary and extraordinary wave. The output data are the electron
density profile (or the plasma frequency profile). The program implementing
this algorithm has been tested for a great number of model profiles, and the
profiles calculated provide a coincidence accurate enough with the original
ones except a valley region discrepancy inevitable for any approximating
method.
16:20 F06.8 COMPARISON OF NO2 VERTICAL PROFILES FROM
SATELLITE AND GROUND BASED MEASUREMENTS OVER ANTARCTICA
The
Intercomparison of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) vertical profiles, derived from the
satellite based HALogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) measurements and from
the ground based UV-VIS spectrometer GASCOD (Gas Analyzer Spectrometer
Correlating Optical Differences) observations at the Mario Zucchelli Station
(MZS), in Antarctica, are done for the first time. It is shown here that both
datasets are in good agreement showing the same features in terms of magnitude,
profile structure, and temporal variations.
16:40 F06.9 INVESTIGATION OF RADIO FREQUENCY
INTERFERENCE AT L-BAND USING DATA FROM AIRBORNE HUT-2D RADIOMETER AND
SPACEBORNE SMOS RADIOMETER
Aperture
synthesis technique in L-band radiometry is effective in producing good quality
data with reasonable ground resolution. However, since the technique is based
on using numerous individual receivers, from which the output signals are
correlated, the technique is sensitive to man-made interfering signal sources.
It is important to identify existing sources of Radio Frequency Interference
(RFI) to ensure good quality data. This paper describes the work done in Aalto
University using available SMOS data and Aalto University's L-band aperture
synthesis airborne radiometer (HUT-2D) data collected during the SMOS rehearsal
campaigns and national campaigns.
17:00 F06.10 SIMULTANEOUS RETRIEVAL OF SEA SURFACE WIND
SPEED AND SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE FROM A MULTI-FREQUENCY SCANNING MICROWAVE
RADIOMETER
D. Swain, National Remote Sensing Centre, ISRO, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
Derivation
of geophysical parameters from satellite measured brightness-temperature (TB)
is an important aspect of satellite remote sensing. In this work, an Artificial
Neural Network model has been attempted to simultaneously obtain sea surface
wind speed (WS) and sea surface temperature (SST) utilizing 8 channels TB
(including dual polarizations) of Multifrequency Scanning Microwave Radiometer
on board Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS-P4) and deep sea ocean buoys in
the North Indian Ocean. The ANN obtained values are then compared with actual
in situ observations, concluding that the ANN model provides good estimates of
WS and SST, within acceptable errors.
17:20 End of the Session
G06 – Distributed Ground and Space-based Observatories for Space Weather Studies
Session Chairs: Patricia Doherty, Anthea Coster, Lee-Anne McKinnell
Session G06
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Wednesday, August 17, 13:40-17:00
Room Topkapi A
13:40 G06.1 COORDINATED ARRAYS OF DISTRIBUTED
INSTRUMENTS: A NEW WINDOW ON GEOSPACE SCIENCE AND SPACE WEATHER EFFECTS
J. C. Foster, MIT Haystack Observatory, Westford, MA, United States
MIT
Haystack Observatory, Westford, MA, United States Geospace is a complex coupled
system, and arrays of ground and space-based instrumentation are needed to
monitor and understand geospace characteristics and dynamics on a global,
real-time basis. Several geospace research topics requiring a system
perspective and coordinated distributed observations are discussed. Both the
CEDAR 2010 Strategic Plan and the DASI initiative (Distributed Arrays of
Scientific Instruments) embrace these concepts. A phased approach to DASI,
combining existing instrument arrays to address system-science research topics,
is an initial step toward providing the needed global geospace coverage.
14:00 G06.2 IDENTIFICATION OF TIDS AND PLASMA
DEPLETIONS USING THE LISN OBSERVATORY
C. E. Valladares, P. H. Doherty, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, United States
The
Low-latitude Ionospheric Sensor Network (LISN) is a distributed observatory
that includes GPS receivers, magnetometers and ionosondes deployed in South
America. Continuous values of TEC measured by 127 GPS receivers over South
America have been used to construct maps of TEC. And, to identify TEC
perturbations that are associated with the passage of traveling ionospheric
disturbances (TID) and plasma depletions. This presentation will show initial
results on the seasonal/longitudinal distributions of TEC depletions over South
America and the relationship of these distributions with the variability of TEC
and the occurrence of TEC perturbations associated with gravity waves.
14:20 G06.3 CO-LOCATED SPACE WEATHER RADAR STUDIES
OVER SOUTHERN AFRICA
Recently
attention has been given to increasing the geophysical infrastructure within
the African region with particular emphasis on data collection for the
enhancement of our knowledge of events that result from adverse Space Weather.
South Africa continues to contribute to this effort by expanding its own
networks, assisting networks in other African countries, and training young
researchers from Africa. At least 4 field sites in South Africa host co-located
radar systems. This paper will demonstrate the ability to enhance scientific
investigation of Space Weather events over South Africa using co-located radar
systems.
14:40 G06.4 HIGH-LATITUDE GPS TEC CHANGES ASSOCIATED
WITH SUDDEN MAGNETOSPHERIC COMPRESSION
Using
ionospheric total electron content (TEC) measured by Global Positioning System
(GPS) receivers of the Canadian High Arctic Network (CHAIN), we provide clear evidence
for a systematic and propagating TEC enhancement produced by the compression of
the magnetosphere due to a sudden increase in the solar wind dynamic pressure.
Application of a GPS triangulation technique revealed that the TEC chnages
propagated with a speed of ~ 6 km/s near noon and ~ 7 km/s in the pre-noon
sectors. This is consistent with the scenario of increased ionospheric
convection due to the magnetospheric compression.
15:00 G06.5 CONCURRENT OBSERVATIONS OF UPPER
THERMOSPHERIC NEUTRAL WIND AND PLASMA CONVECTION AT HIGH LATITUDES OF BOTH
HEMISPHERES
We
present statistical studies of both the high-latitude ionospheric convection
and the upper thermospheric circulation patterns obtained from almost a decade
of measurements starting in 2001 of the electron drift instrument (EDI) on
board the Cluster satellites and an accelerometer on board the CHAMP spacecraft,
respectively. We obtained both regular upper thermospheric wind vorticity and
ionospheric plasma drift pattern according to the various IMF conditions in a
statistical average sense. The results show some prominent asymmetries between
the two hemispheres, which are mainly due to different geographic-geomagnetic
offsets and can partly be attributed to differing ionospheric conductivities
15:20 G06.6 INTERCEPTED SIGNALS FOR IONOSPHERIC
SCIENCE
The
Intercepted Signals for Ionospheric Science (ISIS) Array is a coherent software
radio network that has recently been deployed. Nodes of this array are
installed along the northern United States, and the array is well positioned
for the observation of Space Weather in the mid-latitude Geospace environment.
We will describe the design of the array, its status, and give examples of
observations. We will present coherent scatter observations of E-region
irregularities during the Geomagnetic storm of August 3-5, 2010. To conclude we
will provide an overview of future directions for distributed software radio
sensor networks.
15:40 Tea/Coffee Break
16:00 G06.7 THE SOUTH AMERICA VLF NETWORK (SAVNET):
PROVIDING NEW GROUND-BASED DIAGNOSTICS OF SPACE WEATHER CONDITIONS
J.-P. Raulin, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, So Paulo, SP, Brazil
Wereport
recent results obtained by the South America VLF Network (SAVNET). The use of
the VLF technique by tracking subionospheric propagation anomalies appears as a
very promising tool to study various aspects of Space Weather disturbances. On
long timescales it is possible to indirectly monitor the solar Lyman-a
radiation along the solar cycles. Short time phenomena like solar explosive
events can be observed with 100% probability, even for the small intensity
events. Finally, the same technique is relevant to study the low ionospheric
perturbations caused by geomagnetic storms on typical timescales of a day to
few days.
16:20 G06.8 EQUATORIAL SCINTILLATION CHARACTERISTICS
DURING SOLAR MINIMUM: OBSERVATIONS FROM THE SCINDA NETWORK
The
Communication/Navigation Outage Forecast System (C/NOFS) satellite was launched
in April 2008 for the purpose of specifying and forecasting equatorial
ionospheric scintillation. For the first two years on orbit the satellite
operated in a period of very low solar flux and observed a significant
occurrence of irregularities in the post-midnight timeframe while detecting an
unexpectedly low level of disturbances in the post-sunset sector prior to
midnight. Here we investigate the occurrence of irregularities as observed from
the SCINDA network of ground sensors, comparing and contrasting differences and
similarities.
16:40 G06.9 GROUND-BASED INSTRUMENTATIONS IN AFRICAN
AND THEIR SCIENTIFIC AND SOCIETAL BENEFITS TO THE REGION
E. Yizengaw, Institute for Scientific Research, Chestnut Hill, United States
Satellites
observations indicated that the equatorial ionosphere in the African sector
responds differently than other sectors. To investigate in detail, during the
past couple of years very limited instruments have been either deployed in the
region or in process. However, to understand the most dynamic ionospheric
irregularities in the region, those few instruments are far from enough. By
combining the multi instrument independent observations, this paper will show a
cause and effect space weather impact in the region for the first time. The
paper will present the ongoing extensive activities on the possibilities of
placing an equatorial ISR in Africa.
17:00 End of the Session
HG2 – Radio Sounding in Ionospheres and Magnetospheres and Associated Plasma Phenomena II
Session Chairs: Robert Benson, Bodo Reinisch, Gordon James, Vikas Sonwalkar
Session HG2
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Wednesday, August 17, 13:40-17:20
Room Topkapi B
13:40 HG2.1 VARIATION OF THE ELECTRON DENSITY IN THE
HIGH-LATITUDE TOPSIDE IONOSPHERE DURING LARGE MAGNETIC STORMS
We
investigate the response of the high latitude topside ionosphere to large
geomagnetic storms. We employ electron-density profiles, derived from the
Alouette and ISIS topside sounder satellites, available from http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/space/isis/isis-status.html
which also describes a recent data restoration project. The focus was on the
20-yr interval from 1965 to 1985 when both solar-wind and Alouette/ISIS
topside-sounder data are potentially available. Several case studies were
investigated and some showed significant Ne enhancements in the high-latitude
topside ionosphere. We present and discuss these cases in detail.
14:00 HG2.2 GETTING NEW SCIENCE FROM OLD TOPSIDE
SOUNDER DATA WITH NEW ANALYSIS TECHNIQUE
The
Alouette/ISIS topside sounder satellites recorded a great wealth of information
about the topside ionosphere during their long period of operations from 1962
to 1990. So much though that only a small percentage was analyzed during the
mission lifetime. A data restoration effort first digitized the analog data and
then developed the TOPIST software for automated inversion of the ionograms to
electron density profiles. We present the data base established by this data
restoration project and discuss science results obtained with these data. The
ISIS project homepage is at
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/space/isis/isis-status.html.
14:20 HG2.3 SPACE PLASMA ENVIRONMENT AT HIGH AND POLAR
LATITUDES BY THE COSMOS 1809 SATELLITE TOPSIDE SOUNDER DATA
The
paper presents results of Cosmos 1809 satellite topside sounder data
processing. Analogous records of topside ionograms collected during the
icebreaker Sibir cruise to the North Pole in 1987 are transformed in the
digital ionograms dataset for the more than 100 cross-pole passes (more than
8000 ionograms). For different plasma conditions (fp>fhe and fp<fhe) we
demonstrate the power of topside sounding using not only traditional critical
frequency and vertical profile parameters but also the plasma resonances
distribution, natural emissions registered both on ionograms and on dynamic
spectrograms created from AGC records which permit to map magnetospheric structures.
14:40 HG2.4 SPACE-BORNE RADIO-SOUNDING INVESTIGATIONS
FACILITATED BY THE VIRTUAL WAVE OBSERVATORY (VWO)
The
goal of the Virtual Wave Observatory (VWO) is to provide user-friendly access
to heliophysics wave data. While the VWO initially emphasized data from passive
receivers, it can also be used to access active sounder data sets. Here we use
examples from some half-million Alouette-2, ISIS-1, and ISIS-2 digital
topside-sounder ionograms to demonstrate the desirability of such access to the
actual ionograms for investigations of both natural and sounder-stimulated
plasma-wave phenomena. By this demonstration, we wish to encourage
investigators to make other valuable space-borne sounder data sets accessible
via the VWO.
15:00 HG2.5 HIGH FREQUENCY DIAGNOSTICS ON THE
CORONAS-I SATELLITE
A. Kiraga, Space Research Center PolishAcadamy of Science, Warsaw, Poland
Quasi
simultaneous data on High Frequency (HF) noise, antenna impedance and topside
sounder were registered onboard the CORONAS-I satellite which operated in a
nearly circular orbit of 500 km altitude and 82.5 deg inclination. Relevant
details of the instrument operation are presented. We show the relevance of the
equivalent circuit approach for identification of plasma density signatures in
the noise and impedance data. Examples of onboard reduction of topside sounder
data are presented. Examples of electron-density signatures extracted by
onboard processing of impedance data and topside sounder data are shown. The
advantages of integrated diagnostics for monitoring the plasma density are
pointed out.
15:20 HG2.6 EMISSION AND RECEPTION OF BERNSTEIN WAVES
IN THE OEDIPUS-C EXPERIMENT
G. James, Communications Research Centre Canada, Ottawa, ON K2H 8S2, Canada
The
amplitudes of electron cyclotron waves (ECWs, Bernstein waves) transmitted near
twice the electron gyrofrequency during the OEDIPUS-C two-point experiment were
computed under particular assumptions. The current in the emitting dipole was
determined by the impedance for simultaneously emitted cold-plasma ordinary-
and extraordinary-mode waves. The Bernstein electric-field radiation patterns
of that dipole were based on the dispersion surfaces from the hot-plasma theory
for magnetoplasmas. These patterns were found to have maxima close to the
magnetic field axis. Computations of the receiving dipole voltages were based
on an assumption about the dipole effective length.
15:40 Tea/Coffee Break
16:00 HG2.7 OVERVIEW OF THE PLASMA ENVIRONMENT OF MARS
AS SEEN BY THE RADAR SOUNDER ON MARS EXPRESS SPACECRAFT, PART 1
F. Duru, D. A. Gurnett, D. D. Morgan, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
MARSIS
(Mars Advanced Radar on Subsurface and Ionospheric Sounding) on the Mars
Express Spacecraft is in its 6th year of operation around Mars. MARSIS provides
both local and remote measurements of electron densities and in some cases the
magnitude of the magnetic field in the Martian ionosphere. Here, we give an
overview of the plasma environment of Mars as seen by the radar. Both local and
remote electron density profiles are reported, including density fluctuations
and gradients, magnetically controlled structures, interaction between the
ionosphere and the solar wind, and holes and other structures in the nightside
ionosphere.
16:20 HG2.8 OVERVIEW OF THE PLASMA ENVIRONMENT OF MARS
AS SEEN BY THE RADAR SOUNDER ON MARS EXPRESS SPACECRAFT, PART 2
F. Duru, D. A. Gurnett, D. D. Morgan, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
MARSIS
(Mars Advanced Radar on Subsurface and Ionospheric Sounding) on the Mars
Express Spacecraft is in its 6th year of operation around Mars. MARSIS provides
both local and remote measurements of electron densities and in some cases the
magnitude of the magnetic field in the Martian ionosphere. Here, we give an
overview of the plasma environment of Mars as seen by the radar. Both local and
remote electron density profiles are reported, including density fluctuations
and gradients, magnetically controlled structures, interaction between the
ionosphere and the solar wind, and holes and other structures in the nightside
ionosphere.
16:40 HG2.9 LESSONS LEARNED FROM WHISPER RELAXATION
SOUNDER IN TEN YEARS OF CLUSTER MISSION
The
four WHISPER instruments on board the multi satellite CLUSTER mission, include
a relaxation sounder aimed to measure accurately the electron plasma frequency
(Fp), and the electron gyro-frequency (Fce). Those quantities give access to
electron density (Ne) and intensity of magnetic field, key parameters defining
local plasma regime. We present few examples of WHISPER instrument behaviour
and results, in particular in magnetosheath, polar cap, outer and inner
plasmasphere. In the latter region, the lower hybrid frequency, Flh, shows up
as a clear resonance triggered by the sounder and allows measurement of Ne
whenever Fp/Fce < 1.
17:00 HG2.10 SHALL WE CARRY RELAXATION SOUNDERS ONBOARD
FUTURE MAGNETOSPHERIC MISSIONS? LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE ESA/NASA CLUSTER
MISSION.
A. Masson, M. G. G. T. Taylor, H. Laakso, P. Escoubet, European Space Agency, Noordwijk, Netherlands
Since
2000, the four ESA/NASA Cluster satellites orbit the Earth from 20 Re down to 1
Re. Each spacecraft is equipped with the same set of 11 plasma instruments,
among which a relaxation sounder named WHISPER. Scientific highlights where
WHISPER data played a key role will be first presented. Then, we will
illustrate how WHISPER is key to estimate the electron density in various
magnetospheric regions (sometimes unforeseen), on its own and in conjunction
with other plasma instruments. These lessons learned from Cluster will help to
answer a practical question: shall we carry relaxation sounders onboard future
magnetospheric missions?
17:20 End of the Session
J06 – Signal Processing, Calibration and Imaging in Radio Astronomy
Session Chairs: Tim Cornwell, Sanjay Bhatnagar
Session J06
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Wednesday, August 17, 13:40-17:20
Room Marmara
13:40 J06.1 INTEGRATING HPC INTO RADIO-ASTRONOMICAL
DATA REDUCTION
A. Wicenec, K. Vinsen, C. Harris, D. Gerstmann, ICRAR, Perth, WA, Australia
The
construction of the SKA and its pathfinders puts significant computational and
power consumption constraints on the design of computer hardware. However, hardware
is only one aspect of the problem space, even if we had extremely fast and
power efficient computers today, we still could not process the data coming
from the SKA due to its volume and time critical nature of the results. This
talk outlines the challenges in the areas of: data flow; storage design and
optimization; database integration into HPC; and touches on low-latency
scheduling for ultrascale visualisation on HPC systems.
14:00 J06.2 IMAGING AND CALIBRATION ALGORITHMS FOR
HERA
S. M. Ord, International Centre for Radio Astrononomy Research, Perth, WA, Australia
Hydrogen
Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA) is a road-map for the construction of a
large radio-wavelength array to study the Epoch of Reionization via
measurements of the red-shifted 21 cm Hydrogen spectral line. The HERA I
constituent instruments are generating data and addressing the calibration and
imaging problem in different ways. I will briefly describe the real-time imaging
and calibration techniques pioneered in the MWA. The HERA II instrument is an
order of magnitude larger than HERA I. The ramifications of scaling the number
of stations will also be outlined.
14:20 J06.3 IMAGING AND CALIBRATION ALGORITHM FOR GMRT
We
present the imaging and calibration of the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope
(GMRT) visibility data through an analysis pipeline developed in GLISH using
the framework of AIPS++. Starting with initial visibility data this analysis
pipeline can be run in a completely automated fashion resulting in final data
products, namely image along with the source catalogue. The pipeline has been
used for making close to thermal noise limited images at all bands of operation
of the GMRT, producing some of the high quality. A good source model building
along with other tasks of AIPS++, essentially automates the complete analysis
procedure.
14:40 J06.4 MEQTREES AND DIRECTION-DEPENDENT EFFECTS
O. M. Smirnov, G. de Bruyn, ASTRON, Dwingeloo, Netherlands
Direction-dependent
effects (DDEs) represent a major challenge both for calibration of new radio
telescopes, and for advancing the state of the art of existing ones. Various
approaches to the problem are currently in development. This paper describes
several WSRT observations where a pointing error -- commonly thought to be a
major contributor to DDEs at higher frequencies -- was deliberately introduced.
These observations were reduced using the MeqTrees package, using two different
approaches to correct for DDEs: differential gain solutions, and a direct
solution for pointing errors. The results of this are analysed and compared.
15:00 J06.5 MULTI-FREQUENCY-SYNTHESIS AND WIDE-FIELD
IMAGING WITH THE EVLA
U. Rau, S. Bhatnagar, K. Golap, National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Socorro, NM, United States
Broad-band
receivers are used on radio interferometers to increase their continuum-imaging
sensitivity. However, the interferometer sampling function, the sky-brightness
distribution, and the array-element response functions change with frequency.
Imaging algorithms need to account for all these effects, and reconstruct both
spatial and spectral structure over the wide fields-of-view allowed by the
element response functions, while also achieving the full sensitivity offered
by the large instantaneous bandwidths. In this talk, we will describe the
algorithms used for wide-field wide-band imaging with the EVLA, and show
imaging results that demonstrate our current capabilities.
15:20 J06.6 SHAPELETS AND RELATED TECHNIQUES IN
RADIO-ASTRONOMICAL IMAGING
S. Yatawatta, Kapteyn Institute, University of Groningen and ASTRON, Groningen, Netherlands
We
present the use of orthonormal basis functions, in particular, shapelets and
prolate spheroidal wave functions, in radio astronomical imaging. By using such
methods, it is possible to overcome some limitations of traditional pixel based
image deconvolution. Therefore, such techniques will enable us to increase the
achievable imaging dynamic range thus paving the way for novel scientific
results. We give an overview of the current state of the art of such methods
and provide examples of its use.
15:40 Tea/Coffee Break
16:00 J06.7 THE APPLICATION OF COMPRESSED SENSING
TECHNIQUES IN RADIO ASTRONOMY
I
will describe the implication of sparsity constraints in image reconstruction
and how these can be implemented using compressed sensing. I will give an
overview of how this method can be applied to interferometric data and examples
of where it may be optimally used. I will illustrate these arguments using data
from currently operating telescopes and describe the importance of this method
for the next-generation radio telescopes currently under construction.
16:20 J06.8 INTRINSIC ADVANTAGES OF THE W COMPONENT
AND SPHERICAL IMAGING FOR WIDE-FIELD RADIO INTERFEROMETRY
Incorporating
wide-field considerations in interferometric imaging is of increasing
importance for next-generation radio telescopes. Compressed sensing techniques
for interferometric imaging have been extended to wide fields recently,
recovering images in the spherical coordinate space in which they naturally
live. We review these techniques, highlighting: (i) how the effectiveness of
the spread spectrum phenomenon, due to the w component inducing an increase of
measurement incoherence, is enhanced when going to wide fields; and (ii) how
sparsity is reduced by recovering images directly on the sphere. Both of these
properties act to improve the quality of reconstructed images.
16:40 J06.9 INTERFERENCE CANCELLATION FOR RADIO
ASTRONOMICAL IMAGES
R. Levanda, A. Leshem, Bari Ilan University, Ramet Gan, Israel
We
present a new interference cancellation technique for radio astronomical images.
The technique significantly reduces the interfering sources effect in the
image. The resulted (dirty) image can then be further processed by
deconvolution algorithms like CLEAN or MEM. The technique produces a dirty
image with higher resolution and better clarity compared to commonly used
methods. Performance enhancement is significant for scenarios with strong
interfering sources inside and outside the field of view (i.e., confusing
sources and terrestrial sources). Performance is demonstrated over both
simulated and radio astronomical data.
17:00 J06.10 APPLICATION OF REDUNDANCY CALIBRATION TO
PHASED ARRAYS AND SOME LIMITATIONS
In
new phased array instruments, a fundamental question is whether the
geometrically redundant baselines in a regularly arranged phased array are
really redundant. Based on real and simulated data, we demonstrate that for a
phased array station, a regular arrangement of station elements is necessary
but not sufficient to satisfy redundancy calibration requirements. This is due
to the electromagnetic interaction between closely spaced antenna elements.
This introduces a bias on the estimated calibration results. Understanding the
nature of these effects has helped us to determine the limits of applicability
of redundancy calibration for a given phased array.
17:20 End of the Session
K05 – Interactions with Human Body and Implanted Systems
Session Chairs: Niels Kuster, Koichi Ito
Session K05
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Wednesday, August 17, 13:40-17:20
Room Loft
13:40 K05.1 EXPERIMENTAL PHANTOMS FOR THE ASSESSMENT
OF MEDICAL IMPLANT LEADS INDUCED SAR UNDER A LINEAR-PHASE INCIDENT FIELD
CONDITION
The
induced SAR at the lead tip of medical implant leads can exceed the value
reached under resonance conditions if the phase of the incident electric field
tangential to the lead is varied even if the field amplitude remains constant.
An approximately linear-phase incident field condition is found to maximize the
energy deposition at the tip. We develop experimental phantoms for the
assessment of induced SAR on medical implant leads under a constant-amplitude
and linear-phase incident field condition. The incident fields along the lead
paths in the phantoms are numerically validated prior to construction of the
phantoms.
14:00 K05.2 MRI SAFETY ASSESSMENT OF A GENERIC DEEP
BRAIN STIMULATOR
The
radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic field of magnetic resonance (MR) scanners
can result in significant tissue heating due to the RF coupling with medical
implants. The objective of this paper is to assess the safety of a generic deep
brain stimulator (DBS) during MRI scans based on a combined numerical and
experimental procedure. The evaluation is performed for 1.5\,T MR scanners
using a generic model of a deep brain stimulator with a helical lead. The results
show that the approach is technically feasible and provides sound and
conservative information on the potential heating of implants.
14:20 K05.3 MAGNETIC RESONANCE (MR) SAFETY TESTING OF
IMPLANTS USING NUMERICAL SIMULATION FOR WORST-CASE DETERMINATION
MR
safety and compatibility are important issues for all devices used within an MR
environment. MR testing of medical devices is required for device approval by
the regulatory agencies worldwide. Besides basic testing also computer modeling
of electromagnetic fields and SAR distribution of passive devices has been
established. Further methods for numerical analysis and testing are currently
under development for active implantable medical devices. The methods will be
published soon as an ISO Technical Specification listing such as RF- and
gradient-induced voltages, heating, vibration and device malfunction by
exposure to the static magnetic, switched gradient magnetic and electromagnetic
field.
14:40 K05.4 CALCULATION OF HEATING OF PASSIVE IMPLANTS
BY THE RF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD IN MRI
J. A. Nyenhuis, C. R. Miller, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
The
temperature rises during MRI for a passive implant in the form of a metal rod
of 8 mm diameter and 118 mm length in the humerus were calculated with FDTD and
the heat equation. In-vitro rises were calculated in media with different
electrical properties. For a patient in the MRI coil with landmark in the torso
and a whole body SAR of 2 W/kg, the calculated temperature rise after six
minutes of RF power deposition was 1.3C for 64 MHz and 2.4C for 128 MHz.
Heating for other implants can be calculated with these methods.
15:00 K05.5 IMPROVING RF SAFETY IN MRI BY MODIFYING
THE ELECTRIC FIELD DISTRIBUTION
Y. Eryaman, E. Atalar, National Magnetic Resonance Research Center(UMRAM), Ankara, Turkey
In
this work we demonstrate that the radiofrequency (RF) electric field in
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be modified in order to enhance patient
safety. The heating of metallic devices in MRI is directly related to electric
field distribution. On the other hand the MR image homogeneity is related to
forward polarized component of the magnetic field (transmit sensitivity). In
order to prevent heating, electric field-free zones should be generated in the
body without significantly altering the transmit sensitivity.
15:20 K05.6 NUMERICAL ESTIMATION METHODOLOGY FOR
RFID/ACTIVE IMPLANTABLE MEDICAL DEVICE-EMI BASED UPON FDTD ANALYSIS
T. Hikage, Y. Kawamura, T. Nojima, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
A
numerical estimation methodology for RFID /Active Implantable Medical Device
(AIMD) EMI based upon FDTD analysis is presented. This methodology can be
applied to low-band RFID. In this paper, an example for RFID interrogator in
the frequency band of 13.56 MHz is shown. It assumes that RFID interrogators
operating in low frequency band might cause EMI on the AIMDs through the
interference voltage induced by the magnetic flux excited by the interrogator.
Calculated interference voltage was compared with the EMI characteristics
obtained by in-vitro experiments to validate the analysis result.
15:40 Tea/Coffee Break
16:00 K05.7 SAFETY OF ACTIVE ELECTRONIC IMPLANTS
OPERATED NEARBY TETRA-TRANSMITTERS
The
purpose of this work is to investigate potential dangers for people carrying
active electronic implants such as cardiac pacemakers resulting from the
emissions of TETRA transmitters. The emitted electromagnetic fields of
transmitters have the potential to influence the proper function of active
electronic implants. The most common cardiac pacemakers and implantable
defibrillators in Austria were selected to investigate their vulnerability
against emissions from TETRA transmitters. 33 % of the investigated electronic
implants were influenced by the TETRA-devices. The definition of safety distances
between active electronic implants and TETRA-devices is recommended.
16:20 K05.8 EMF INTERFERENCE DETECTION UTILIZING THE
RECORDING FEATURE OF CARDIAC PACEMAKERS
Electromagnetic
interference with cardiac pacemakers occur in various work environments. In the
case of interfering external signals, the pacemaker may misinterpret the signal
as a heart-related problem and initiate treatment procedures unnecessarily. We
evaluated the applicability of the recording feature of pacemakers to identify
the interfering sources. The pacemakers were exposed to a wide variety of
magnetic fields. When a pacemaker experienced interference, the time of
interference was compared with the magnetic field exposure schedule. The
interference recordings can be linked together with the exposure correctly, and
so differentiate the EMF-induced pacemaker interference from other types of
interference.
16:40 K05.9 DEVELOPMENT OF UHF IMPLANTED RFID ANTENNA
FOR MEDICAL/HEALTH-CARE APPLICATIONS
H.-Y. Lin, M. Takahashi, K. Saito, K. Ito, Chiba university, Chiba, Japan
Radio-frequency
identification (RFID) is a developed technology and useful for several fields;
moreover, it has promising for reducing medical error and receiving the
patients information without connecting cable lines in hospitals. In this paper,
we present an implanted RFID antenna with 50-ohm system for medical/health-care
applications. The antenna is designed for one of the UHF band (951956 MHz) and
implanted into a three-layer phantom which represents human upper arm. Some
characteristics including the S11 and the radiation pattern are calculated by
use of the FDTD method and measured with the three-layer phantom.
17:00 K05.10 IN-BODY PATH LOSS MODEL FOR HOMOGENEOUS
AND HETEROGENEOUS HUMAN TISSUES
L. Martens, D. Kurup, W. Joseph, G. Vermeeren, IBBT - Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
An
in-body path loss model in homogeneous human tissues is proposed based on 3D
electromagnetic simulations and validated with measurements. Simulations are
further extended for different relative permittivity and conductivity
combinations spanning a range of human tissues at 2.45 GHz, and the influence
of the dielectric properties on path loss is investigated and modelled.
Finally, path loss in homogeneous medium is compared with the path loss in a
heterogeneous human phantom.
17:20 End of the Session
DB3 – Metamaterial Applications
Session Chairs: Richard Ziolkowski, Nader Engheta, Christophe Caloz
Session DB3
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Wednesday, August 17, 14:40-17:20
Room Dolmabahçe B
14:40 DB3.1 THE DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE OF AN ISOTROPIC
NEGATIVE-REFRACTIVE-INDEX METAMATERIAL LENS
S. M. Rudolph, A. Grbic, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
In
this paper, a three-dimensional, fully-isotropic, broadband
negative-refractive-index (NRI) medium is proposed. The structure has a NRI
bandwidth of 23.5% and a simulated loss of 0.063dB/cell at the operating
frequency of 1.51GHz (where μ_r ≈ -1). The metamaterial is used to
realize a NRI lens, the fabrication of which is described in detail. Analytical
methods are used to predict the focusing capabilities of this lens at different
frequencies based on the material parameters obtained from full-wave
simulations.
15:00 DB3.2 PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS OF SOME
PERMEABILITY-NEAR-ZERO STRUCTURES
It
is shown that when a source is surrounded by a dielectric split ring with a gap
opened inside a permeability-near-zero shell the electromagnetic energy
generated by the source is forced to propagate through the gap. When the gap is
narrow, the energy stream density becomes very large and makes the magnetic
field enhanced drastically in the gap. It is also shown that the radiation of a
line current can be greatly enhanced by choosing appropriately the dimension of
a dielectric domain (inside which the source is located) and the dimention of
the permeability-near-zero shell.
15:20 DB3.3 METAMATERIAL WAVEGUIDE WITH LOSS
COMPENSATION
This
paper presents a silicon-based waveguide structure employing split ring
resonators (SRRs) and distributed loss compensation mechanism suitable for
fabrication. Higher phase constant is obtained by periodically loading
waveguide (WG) with SRRs in sub-wavelength dimensions at the cost of extra
large amount of losses. To relieve the losses problem, a circuitry is
introduced in each SRR to compensate the loss while retaining the high phase
constant achieved around the resonant frequency. This proposed waveguide with
SRRs whose losses are compensated shows higher phase constant, lower
attenuation constant and additional tunability compared to common waveguide.
15:40 Tea/Coffee Break
16:00 DB3.4 POWERED AND ACTIVE RF METAMATERIALS
S. A. Cummer, B.-I. Popa, A. Katko, Duke University, Durhan, NC, USA
We
report techniques for the design of active and tunable RF metamaterials and
measurements of their novel properties, including frequency agile metamaterials
in which each element is individually computer controlled with a nonvolatile
state memory, powered active metamaterials containing embedded amplifiers, and
parametrically pumped nonlinear active metamaterials.
16:20 DB3.5 METAMATERIAL APPLICATOR FOR MICROWAVE
HYPERTHERMIA
M. C. Velazquez-Ahumada, M. J. Freire, R. Marques, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
This
work studies the application in hyperthermia of a microwave focusing device
based on metamaterials. It consists of an array of split-ring resonators placed
between two parallel metallic plates and it is fed by a small loop antenna
which excites the split-rings. The device is modelled as an homogeneous
uniaxial slab of negative permeability placed between two metallic plates. Both
the fields and the temperature distribution in model of breast tissue and a
tumor are numerically obtained. The field produced by the fabricated device
inside a phantom resembling the breast tissue was measured to check the
theoretical predictions.
16:40 DB3.6 RECENT PROGRESS IN APPLICATIONS OF CRLH
STRUCTURE FOR ACTIVE MICROWAVE CIRCUITS
Over
the last decade, the composite right/left-handed (CRLH) transmission line
structures have received great interest in the microwave community due to their
unique physical characteristics that have been exploited for a number of
applications, mostly for antennas and passive components. CRLH structures can
also be applied to active circuits. This paper reviews some of the examples of
active circuit applications of the CRLH structures.
17:00 DB3.7 EXPERIMENTAL DEMONSTRATION OF SPECTRAL
NON-RECIPROCITY AND UNIDIRECTIONALITY IN VOLUMETRIC AND PRINTED MAGNETIC
PHOTONIC CRYSTALS
K. Sertel, L. Zhang, N. Apaydin, J. L. Volakis, The Ohio State University, Columbus, United States
We
present experimental confirmation of spectral non-reciprocity and
unidirectionality in magnetic photonic crystals. The dispersion properties of
such periodic anisotropic/magnetic media were also emulated on printed
structures. We outline two designs that exhibit non-reciprocal dispersion
diagrams in volumetric and printed magnetic photonic crystals. Due to spectral
non-reciprocity, unidirectional propagation properties were experimentally
observed. These designs can also be tuned such that a stationary inflection
point is achieved within the propagation band. Correspondingly, a significantly
longer group delay is observed in experiments. These measurements constitute
the first experimental demonstration of the unique properties of magnetic
photonic crystals.
17:20 End of the Session
AGJ – Pulsar
Timing and Time Transfer
Session Chairs: Demetrios Matsakis, Michael Kramer, Susan Skone, W. Lewandowski, P. Banerjee
Session AGJ
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Thursday, August 18, 08:00-11:00
Room Dolmabahçe C
08:00 AGJ.1 TIMING OF OPTICAL PULSARS WITH TWO HIGH
TIME RESOLUTION PHOTOMETERS AT ASIAGO AND NTT
We
have built two single photon very high speed photometers (Aqueye for the Asiago
1.8m telescope and Iqueye for the 3.5m ESO NTT). The two photometers are the
most accurate time machines available to optical astronomy. Under the control
of a GPS receiver and a Rubidium clock, the arrival time of each detected
photon is referenced to UTC with a precision better than 500 picoseconds, for
hours of data acquisition. Light curves for three optical pulsars will be
reported. Simultaneous observations of the Crab pulsar with the Jodrell Bank
RadioTelescope will also be reported.
08:20 AGJ.2 MAGNETAR ASTEROSEISMOLOGY WITH
MAGNETO-DIPOLE RADIATION
The
radiative activity of quaking magnetar undergoing Lorentz-force-driven
torsional seismic vibrations with monotonically decaying background field is
described. It is shown that depletion of internal magnetic field pressure is
accompanied by the loss of vibration energy of the star that causes its
vibration period to lengthen at a rate proportional to the rate of magnetic
field decay. Particular attention is given to the magnetic-field-decay induced
conversion of the energy of differentially rotational Alfv\'en vibrations of
magnetar into the energy of oscillating magneto-dipole radiation with
elongating periods.
08:40 AGJ.3 ISM MONITORING OF NANOGRAV PULSARS
W. Majid, J. Lazio, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Caltech, Pasadena, CA, United States
NANOGravs
goal is to make a direct detection of gravitational waves taking advantage of
the extraordinary rotational stability of millisecond pulsars. The project has
identified 80 pulsars for regular timing over the next decade. The timing
precision necessary for detection of gravitational waves imposes strict
requirements on understanding and correcting for systematic errors. A major
source of systematic error is the changing interstellar medium density, which
manifests itself in the dispersion correction applied to each observation. In
this presentation we describe a new program to monitor a subset of NANOGrav
pulsars using a large radio telescope in Goldstone, CA.
09:00 AGJ.4 ISSUES IN THE DETECTION OF NANO-HERTZ
GRAVITATIONAL WAVES USING PULSARS: SPIN, JITTER AND SCINTILLATIONS
We
assess detection of a nano-Hertz gravitational wave background using
millisecond pulsars by considering red and white noise in timing residuals from
the neutron star, magnetosphere, and interstellar medium. We evaluate how many
MSPs are needed in a high-cadence, 5-year timing program. Unless a sample of 20
super-stable millisecond pulsars can be found (those with non-GW contributions
less than 20 ns) a much larger program on 50 to 100 MSPs will require
substantial fractions of time on existing telescopes, MeerKAT, and any
deployment of the Square Kilometer Array that covers the 1-3 GHz range.
09:20 Tea/Coffee Break
09:40 AGJ.5 HOW CAN MILLISECOND PULSARS TRANSFER THE
ACCURACY OF ATOMIC TIME?
G. Petit, BIPM, Sevres, France; I. Cognard, LCP2E/CNRS, Orleans, France
Atomic
time scales like TAI and TT(BIPM) get their accuracy from primary frequency
standards which realize the SI second. The rotation period of some millisecond
pulsars is so regular that these may provide information on the long-term
stability of time scales. As frequency standards continuously improve, atomic
time progressively outperforms the rotation of pulsars. Nevertheless
millisecond pulsars could be used as a flywheel to transfer the accuracy of
newly developed standards to the past. We study the factors that may limit this
transfer and estimate the accuracy that could be reached, with examples based
on real pulsar data.
10:00 AGJ.6 TIME AND FREQUENCY ACTIVITIES OF THE US
NAVAL OBSERVATORY
D. Matsakis, US Naval Observatory, Washington, DC, USA
The
U. S. Naval Observatory (USNO) has provided timing for the Navy, DoD, and USA
since 1830.The data used to generate UTC(USNO) are based upon about 70 HP5071
cesium and over 25 hydrogen maser frequency standards. The USNO disseminates
time via voice, telephone modem, Network Time Protocol (NTP), GPS and Two-Way
Satellite Time Transfer (TWSTT). We will describe some of the changes being
madeto meet the anticipated needs of our users. While we aim to increase our
accuracy and precision, we deem robustness equally important. Further details
can be found at http://usno.navy.mil/usno.
10:20 AGJ.7 PRECISE FREQUENCY TRANSFER EXPERIMENTS
USING VLBI AND OTHER TECHNIQUES
We
carried out inter-comparison experiments between VLBI, GPS, TWSTFT and DMTD in
order to demonstrate that VLBI can measure the correct time difference. The
frequency stability of VLBI reached up to 5X10^-14 at an averaging time of
several hundreds seconds. In the experiments, we also evaluated the accuracy of
each technique by inserting an artificial delay change into the path of the
reference signal cable. The results reveal that the artificial delay changes
measured by VLBI and DMTD show good agreement. From these experiments, we
confirmed the capability of the geodetic VLBI technique for time transfer
application.
10:40 AGJ.8 PRECISION TIMING AND RF SIGNAL
DISSEMINATION FOR XFEL BY DELIVERING OPTICAL FREQUENCY COMB THROUGH
LENGTH-STABILIZED FIBER
M. Musha, T. Ryuo, K. Nakagawa, K.-I. Ueda, University of electro-communications, Tokyo, Japan
We
have developed the precision timing and rf signal dissemination system for a
X-ray free electron laser (XFEL), under construction in Japan. The optical
frequency comb was transmitted through a 1-km length-stabilized optical fiber
for disseminating both rf and timing signals. The phase fluctuations of the rf
signals at 5.712GHz was suppressed down to 0.0042 radian that is used for
synchronizing linear accelerators, and the timing jitter between optical pulses
are suppressed down to 50fs that is used for providing X-ray trigger timing to
users, both of which satisfy the requirement of the XFEL.
11:00 End of the Session
BD2 – Numerical Techniques for Multi-Physics Electromagnetics
Session Chairs: Peter Russer, Andreas Cangellaris
Session BD2
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Thursday, August 18, 08:00-12:00
Room Anadolu Auditorium
08:00 BD2.1 MULTIPHYSICS MODELING OF PLASMONIC
NANODEVICES
E. Li, Institute of High Performance Computing, Singapore, Singapore
Plasmonic
devices are modeled and simulated by incorporating a Lorentz-Drude model for
the metallic materials and a multi-level multi-electron quantum model for the
semiconductor materials into Maxwells equations. Some novel plasmonic devices
such as a detector consisting of a dipole nanoantenna and a metal-semiconductor-metal
detector, and a ring resonator based on a hybrid dielectric loaded waveguide
are investigated with developed multiphysics modeling method. Simulation
results show that the devices are very promising and can be combined with nanoelectronic
integrated circuits to further improve their performance.
08:20 BD2.2 A SPECTRAL INTEGRAL METHOD FOR THE
ANALYSIS OF NANO WIRES
This
work presents a spectrally accurate method for electromagnetic scattering from
objects with complex permittivity embedded in a layered medium. Two-dimensional
(2D) layered medium Green's functions are computed adaptively by using Gaussian
quadratures. The singular terms in the Green's functions and the non-smooth
terms in their derivatives are handled appropriately to achieve exponential
convergence. Numerical results, compared with the ones obtained by using other
methods, demonstrate the spectral accuracy and high efficiency of the proposed
method.
08:40 BD2.3 ANALYSIS OF THE ELECTROMAGNETIC/COHERENT
TRANSPORT PROBLEM IN GRAPHENE NANORIBBONS
The
combined quantum and electromagnetic analysis of graphene nanoribbons (GNR),
often required for describing applications to practical devices, constitutes a
difficult task. Our goal is to develop a multiphysics investigation of the
electromagnetic field dynamics together with the quantum coherent transport in
nanoscale environment. In this contribution, we show the dynamics of a charge
wavepacket from source to drain electrodes in a graphene nanoribbon transistor
configuration
09:00 BD2.4 RADIATION EFFICIENCY ASSESSMENT OF BUNDLED
CARBON NANOTUBE
K. Sarabandi, S. Choi, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
The
radiation efficiency of bundled carbon nanotubes for the fabrication of
antennas in the terahertz frequency range is evaluated. The behavior of BCNTs
is modeled by an anisotropic thin resistive sheet with parameters extracted
from the single wall carbon nanotube equivalent circuit. Conventional half-wave
strip antennas are designed to resonate from 1 THz to 50 THz and the MoM is
utilized to calculate radiation efficiencies of the BCNT and thin gold film
antennas. The result shows that if equivalent density values above 10000
[CNTs/m] could ever be achieved, BCNTs can outperform thin gold film above 1
THz.
09:20 Tea/Coffee Break
09:40 BD2.5 A MULTIPHYSICS COMPUTATIONAL TECHNIQUE FOR
THZ-FREQUENCY CHARACTERIZATION OF SEMICONDUCTORS AND METALS
K. Willis, I. Knezevic, S. C. Hagness, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
We
present a multiphysics computational technique for calculating the
THz-frequency conductivity in semiconductors and metals. This novel technique
combines the ensemble Monte Carlo (EMC) simulation of carrier transport with
the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) solver of Maxwells curl equations and
the molecular dynamics (MD) technique for describing short-range Coulomb
interactions between particles with finite radii and the exchange interaction
between indistinguishable electrons. The calculated complex conductivity of
doped bulk silicon shows excellent agreement with experimental data. This work
represents the first comprehensive computational technique for THz-regime
characterization of materials with relatively high carrier densities.
10:00 BD2.6 VACUUM ELECTRON TUBES FOR THZ APPLICATIONS
C. Paoloni, M. Mineo, A. Di Carlo, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
Vacuum
electron devices for THz regime, represent a new challenge in vacuum
electronics. Structures with dimensions in the range of microns are required to
optimize the energy transfer from an electron beam to the RF field. The
availability of codes to accurately analyze slow-wave structures at THz frequencies
is fundamental for a reliable and fast design. A procedure to design a THz
backward-wave oscillator based on an analytical code to compute the cold
parameters in backward-wave mode and 3-D electromagnetic codes for device
performance is presented. Output power of 190 mW is demonstrated at 1027 GHz.
10:20 BD2.7 TRANSIENT ANALYSIS OF DISTRIBUTED
ELECTROMAGNETIC SYSTEMS EXHIBITING STOCHASTIC VARIABILITY IN MATERIAL
PARAMETERS
A. C. Cangellaris, A. Rong, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
The
framework of polynomial chaos is used to develop an FDTD-based model for
transient electromagnetic wave interaction with stochastic media. Making use of
orthogonal polynomials for the expansion of the stochastic material quantities
and the unknown electromagnetic fields in the probability space of interest, a
model is put forward that, in principle, allows for the direct calculation of
the resulting stochastic electromagnetic response through a standard FDTD
integration of a deterministic system with state variables the coefficients in
the polynomial chaos expansion of the stochastic electric and magnetic field
time histories at the nodes of the finite difference grid.
10:40 BD2.8 REDUCED-ORDER MODELING FOR CO-SIMULATION
OF CIRCUIT AND ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERACTIONS
C. S. Saunders, M. B. Steer, North Carolina State University, Raligh, NC, United States
Accurately
modeling the interaction of circuits and electronic devices within an
electromagnetic environment is critical to the analysis and design of their
constituent systems. Creating a rational macromodel of a distributed
circuit-field element is a reliable and effective method for describing these
interactions in a manner which can be incorporated into a circuit simulator.
Due to limitations present in rational modeling algorithms, further processing
of these models is necessary to confirm whether a model is passive, and to
correct any non-passivity which is present. A class of iterative inverse
algorithms is utilized to create a complete passive macromodel.
11:00 BD2.9 CIRCUIT MODELS IN QUANTUM ELECTRODYNAMICS
J. A. Russer, P. Russer, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
Network
methods are applied to establish quantum mechanical models of distributed
circuits. Based on the Hamiltonian description of the Foster equivalent
circuits a quantization of the equivalent circuits is performed. The quantum
mechanical interaction of the modes via nonlinear elements is discussed. As an
example the DC--pumped Josephson parametric amplifier is treated quantum
mechanically.
11:20 BD2.10 ANALYSIS OF PERIODIC STRUCTURES WITH
DISPERSIVE MATERIAL USING THE FDTD TECHNIQUE
K. ElMahgoub, A. Elsherbeni, F. Yang, The University of Mississippi, University, United States
A
dispersive periodic boundary condition (DPBC) is developed for the
finite-difference time-domain method to analyze periodic structures with
dispersive media on the boundaries of a unit cell. The formulation is based on
the auxiliary differential equation (ADE) with two-term Debye model and the
constant horizontal wavenumber approach. The developed formulation is easy to
implement and is efficient in both memory usage and computational time. The
validity of this formulation is verified through a numerical example of an
infinite dispersive slab.
11:40 BD2.11 GENERALIZED PARAMETER EXTRACTION MODEL FOR
HIGH-SPEED INTERCONNECTS WITH ARBITRARY BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
Accurate
interconnect model for planar transmission line interconnects with arbitrary
boundary conditions is presented. Based on the unified approach, we develop new
SPICE-compatible parameter extraction algorithm that can be used in performance
driven computer-aided-design applications. A range of multilayered
interconnects with arbitrary boundaries are analyzed. Different ground configurations
with respect to the interconnect line are considered for verification of the
model. Results are obtained for admittance, line parameters and delay giving
physical insights on the effect of boundary conditions. Compared with industry
standard field-solvers, our proposed model demonstrates more than 10X speedup
within 2% accuracy.
12:00 End of the Session
CA – Propagation Measurement Based Performance Evaluation of Advanced MIMO Systems
Session Chairs: Reiner Thomä, Koichi Ogawa
Session CA
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Thursday, August 18, 08:00-11:40
Room Dolmabahçe A
08:00 CA.1 ANALYSIS OF MISMATCHED DOWNLINK
BEAMFORMING OVER NON-STATIONARY CHANNELS WITH INTERFERENCE
Inter-cell
interference is the limiting factor in next generation cellular networks. A
promising approach to mitigate interference is the use of downlink transmit
beamforming. We study the performance of inter-cell interference-limited
networks based on channel measurements at 2.53 GHz in an urban macrocell
scenario. A non-cooperative and two cooperative beamforming techniques are used
and their robustness to the non-stationarity of the channel is evaluated. The
cooperative techniques are far less robust to the non-stationarity of the
channel. Furthermore, an approximation of the MI is evaluated; it is more
accurate for the cooperative techniques.
08:20 CA.2 COMPARISON OF TIME- AND ANGULAR DISPERSION
BETWEEN CHANNEL SOUNDING MEASUREMENTS AND RAY TRACING IN COMP-MIMO CHANNELS
C. Jandura, J. Voigt, Actix GmbH, Dresden, Germany
A
verification of angular domain characteristics of MIMO radio channel models
requires dedicated high-resolution measurements to estimate according channel
parameters and is rarely done. This contribution presents such an analysis in
the 2.53 GHz range. Our analysis of simulated and measured angular domain
channel characteristics in a real MIMO cellular network proves an acceptable
fit under LOS propagation conditions, but shows some unreliability of
deterministic ray tracing simulation data under NLOS conditions. This result
suggests to use more reliable capacity- or eigenvalue ratios for spatial
multiplexing probability analysis instead of angular spreads in MIMO network
planning and optimization.
08:40 CA.3 A CRITICAL REVIEW OF MIMO OTA TEST
CONCEPTS - LESSONS LEARNED FROM ACTUAL MEASUREMENTS
W. L. Schroeder, Y. Feng, Hochschule RheinMain, Ruesselsheim, Germany
MIMO
OTA performance testing of UE has become an important issue in connection with
the roll-out of LTE. Its purpose is to assure that UE will provide satisfactory
user experience and will not compromise network efficiency. A brief summary of
current status around the topic is presented in this contribution. Based on the
ongoing round robin measurement campaign, essential problems that have been
observed during the measurement are reviewed and discussed. Accordingly,
suggestions are made to help the further development of measurement methods.
09:00 CA.4 NEW LABORATORY FOR OVER-THE-AIR TESTING
AND WAVE FIELD SYNTHESIS
In
Ilmenau, Germany, a new laboratory is under construction for testing mobile
communication equipment, both satellite and terrestrial. This contribution
focuses on Over_The_Air testing of terrestrial mobile terminals and on
applications of Wave Field Synthesis in this laboratory. The terrestrial
research in the lab will mainly serve scientific purposes, as research into OTA
test methodologies, also meant to actively engage in standardisation of OTA
practices. Research into Wave Field Synthesis is another. A clear application
is to study real-time antenna characteristics of mobile terminals in an OTA
setting. With the projected equipment, a state_of_the_art OTA installation will
become available.
09:20 Tea/Coffee Break
09:40 CA.5 OVER-THE-AIR TEST STRATEGY AND TESTBED FOR
COGNITIVE RADIO NODES
In
this paper, an over-the-air test strategy for evaluating cognitive radio nodes
is presented. This technique allows to emulate the activities of primary and
secondary users with respect to received power spectral densities, and the
spatial structures of their radio channels. This enables an experimental
evaluation of cognitive devices with directional and spectral sensitivity. This
type of testing is more realistic than conducted tests, as it includes all antenna
effects involved in the perception of the radio environment. A multi-level test
procedure is proposed, which implements different levels of complexity. A
proof-of-principle experiment is presented.
10:00 CA.6 PREDICTION OF IEEE802.16 PERFORMANCE FOR
EMERGENCY VEHICLES TO INDOOR FROM RADIO CHANNEL MEASUREMENTS IN THE 4.9 GHZ
BAND
Work
reported herein contributes to the prediction of achievable performance of the
IEEE 802.16 standard using time series of 50 Mchps PN channel sounder
measurements at 4.9 GHz on radio channels in a scenario in which emergency vehicles
are parked outside a building and operate as a centre for communications with
rescue crews and equipment inside the building.
10:20 CA.7 MODELING OF THE INFLUENCE OF BODY-WORN
ANTENNAS UPON THE PATH LOSS VARIABILITY IN UWB WBAN SCENARIOS
C. Roblin, A. Sibille, TELECOM ParisTech, PARIS, France
A
statistical analysis of WBAN scenarios with a parametric approach with respect
to various UWB frequency sub-bands, antennas and distance from the body is
presented. Parametric models extracted for various bands, are provided. The
main objective of a parametric approach is to reduce the variances of the
resulting statistical models. It is fully in line with the spirit of the
scenario-based approach which is also, wide sense, a sort of parametric
modelling. It can also facilitate the interpretation of the results and
sometimes help to better understand the underlying physics of the phenomena.
10:40 CA.8 INDOOR TO OUTDOOR PROPAGATION MODEL
IMPROVEMENT FOR GSM900/GSM1800/CDMA-2100
This
paper presents a modified indoor to outdoor propagation model based on
empirical techniques. The proposed model improves the accuracy of the COST 231
model [8] and valid for GSM 900, GSM 1800 and CDMA 2100. While generated model
deviates from measurements by at most 8dB, theory and measurements are in good
track. Generated model includes building structures as well as frequency
dependence.
11:00 CA.9 ANALYSIS OF UWB RFID TAG BACKSCATTERING IN
THE PRESENCE OF SCATTERERS
The
modulation of the tag backscattering is a possible solution to assess a
communication in ultra wide band (semi-)passive Radio Frequency Identification
(RFID), which represents now the most promising solution in terms of cost, size
and power consumption. In this paper we try to characterize the tag backscattered
response in a scenario where scatterers are included, using the superposition
principle. Results obtained both from measurements and simulations are analyzed
and compared to the ones obtained using the superposition principle.
11:20 CA.10 PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF 60 GHZ WLAN
ANTENNAS UNDER REALISTIC PROPAGATION CONDITIONS WITH HUMAN SHADOWING
In
this paper a different approach for the evaluation of antennas is presented. We
combine deterministic channel modeling including antenna characteristics with
link budget calculations for modulation and coding schemes of the IEEE802.15.3c
standard. As a figure of merit, being more suitable than just the range of a
system, we evaluate the coverage of a whole room in terms of achievable BERs.
The advantage of our approach over other studies is that we also take into
account human blockage, which is an important issue at such high frequencies
11:40 End of the Session
D07 – Micro and Nano Photonics
Session Chair: Mike Watts
Session D07
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Thursday, August 18, 08:00-12:00
Room Dolmabahçe B
08:00 D07.1 NANOPHOTONICS FOR SUSTAINABLE ENERGY
J. Liu, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
Sustainable
energy has become a critical challenge for modern society. Energy efficiency
and renewable energy are twin pillars of sustainability. In this paper we
present applications of nanophotonics in both aspects: (1) Electronic-photonic
synergy for Green Information Technology by combining the merits of photons in
ultralow energy data transmission with those of electrons in high capacity data
processing on a single silicon microchip; (2) Self-assembled nanophotonic
structures for light-trapping in thin-film solar cells to improve
performance/cost ratio of photovoltaics. Efficiently manipulating radiated
electromagnetic energy, nanophotonics will "light up" the future of
energy sustainability.
08:20 D07.2 SILICON NANOPHOTONICS AND SILICON-ORGANIC
HYBRID (SOH) INTEGRATION
Silicon
nanophotonics is considered a key enabler of future photonic-electronic
information processing systems. Driven by substantial research investments,
photonic integration on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrates has reached a
degree of maturity that already permits industrial adoption. Silicon-organic
hybrid integration (SOH) is a viable extension of the SOI material system for
efficient electro-optic modulation and ultrafast all-optical signal processing.
08:40 D07.3 ELECTRONIC-PHOTONIC INTEGRATED CIRCUITS IN
SILICON-ON-INSULATOR PLATFORMS
Electronic-photonic
integrated circuits (EPICs) are a promising technology for overcoming
bottlenecks of traditional integrated circuits. Silicon is a good candidate for
building such devices, due to high-index contrast and low propagation loss at
telecom wavelengths. This work presents recent advances in demonstrating
discrete components on silicon-on-insulator platforms, around 1550 nm, that can
be used as building blocks for future EPIC systems. The work covers
microring-based structures suitable for wavelength-division multiplexing
applications, such as hitless single-ring filters, multi-channel tunable
filterbanks, reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers, and dynamical slow
light cells for delay lines.
09:00 D07.4 ULTRA-DENSE MONOLITHIC INTEGRATION OF
OPTICAL AND ELECTRICAL FUNCTIONS ON SILICON FOR OPTICAL INTERCONNECTS
CMOS
Integrated Nanophotonics which allows dense monolithic integration of optical
and electrical functions on the same chip can enable future Exaflops
supercomputers by connecting racks, modules, and chips together with ultra-low
power massively parallel optical interconnects.
09:20 Tea/Coffee Break
09:40 D07.5 SILICON MICROSPHERES FOR OPTOELECTRONICS
Optoelectronic
properties of silicon microspheres are explored. The IV characteristics show an
electrical response similar to two back-to-back Schottky diodes. Optical resonances
with Q-factors of 100000 are observable in the elastic scattering spectra.
10:00 D07.6 THERMAL INFRARED PLASMONICS
We
examine a new class of infrared (IR) plasmonic devices that convert thermal
radiation into bound surface plasmon polaritons (SPP's). The coupling of these
SPP's into nanometer scale metal insulator metal (MIM) channels is investigated
both theoretically and experimentally. A new mechanism for detection of the IR
radiation is examined that is based on direct rectification of a traveling MIM
surface plasmon mode.
10:20 D07.7 INTERFACE ENGINEERING FOR IMPROVED LIGHT
TRANSMITTANCE THROUGH PHOTONIC CRYSTAL FLAT LENSES
we
present photonic crystal flat lenses with interfaces engineered to improve the
light transmittance thanks to a broad angles impedance matching. The interface
engineering consists in the realization of antireflection gratings on the edges
of the lenses which are designed to reduce the propagative waves reflectivity
over a wide range of incident angles. The fabricated structures were measured
in optical near-field and a four times enhancement of the light transmission
efficiency is reported.
10:40 D07.8 OPTICAL INTERFERENCE FOR MULTIPLEXED,
LABEL-FREE, AND DYNAMIC BIOSENSING: PROTEIN, DNA AND SINGLE VIRUS DETECTION
S. M. Unlu, Boston University, Boston, United States
We
developed a new method - Interferometric Reflectance Imaging Sensor (IRIS) -
for label-free, high throughput, high sensitivity and dynamic detection of
molecular binding on a solid surface. IRIS has demonstrated protein-protein
binding and DNA-protein binding in real time, label-free, and in a
high-throughput format with high-sensitivity. We have recently advanced IRIS
for high spatial resolution imaging and demonstrated ability to detect single
nanoscale particles. We have successfully detected 35 nm and 50 nm radius
particles and H1N1 viruses with accurate size discrimination and demonstrated
shape recognition by measuring the aspect ratio of gold nanoparticles.
11:00 D07.9 MEMS FOURIER TRANSFORM SPECTROMETER
A
comb actuated lamellar grating interferometer based MEMS Fourier Transform
Infrared (FTIR) Spectrometer device is designed, fabricated and characterized.
The device operates at out-of-plane resonant mode which will allow ultra
miniaturized, sensitive, robust, and fast spectrometers. Optical simulations
are conducted to analyze performance in terms of spectral resolution and
signal-to-bias ratio (SBR). In the light of simulations and experiments, the
grating geometry is optimized for the region of wavelengths of interest (2.5-16
m). Maximum peak to peak mechanical deflection of 478 m is acquired with 50 V
p-p input voltage in ambient pressure.
11:20 D07.10 HIGH-THROUGHPUT SIZE DETERMINATION OF
NEARLY SPHERICAL GOLD NANOPARTICLES
A. Yurt, G. G. Daaboul, B. B. Goldberg, S. Unlu, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
This
paper demonstrates a wide-field interferometric imaging technique for
determining the size of nearly spherical gold particles. Investigation of
interferometric response as a function of polarization angle of illumination
reveals the morphology and lateral orientation angle of the nanoparticles
immobilized on a precisely designed reflective layered substrate. We
demonstrate the sensitivity, precision and multiplexing capability of the
method by studying a solution of gold nanoparticles with 45nm in diameter.
11:40 D07.11 HIGH-THROUGHPUT WHOLE-ORGANISM IMAGING AND
OPTICAL MANIPULATION AT CELLULAR RESOLUTION
We
demonstrate high-throughput technologies for cellular-resolution in vivo
pharmaceutical and genetic screens on vertebrates and invertebrates. These
technologies automatically load animals from plates, and position and orient
them for high-speed multifocal confocal imaging and ultrafast laser
manipulation of both superficial and deep organs within 20sec without damage.
Using femtosecond laser microsurgery and our high-throughput technologies, we
injured single neurons in thousands of animals, treated the animals with
chemical libraries, and identified chemicals that enhance regeneration
significantly. Our technology permit large-scale in vivo drug screens on organ
development, neural degeneration/regeneration, stem cell proliferation,
cardiovascular, immune, and endocrine systems, pathogenesis, and cancer.
12:00 End of the Session
E07 – EMC in Wire and Wireless Communication Systems
Session Chairs: Ahmed Zeddam, Farhad Rachidi
Session E07
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Thursday, August 18, 08:00-11:20
Room Galata
08:00 E07.1 TOWARDS POWER LINE COMMUNICATION IN
VEHICLE
F. Nouvel, P. Tanguy, IETR, RENNES, France
This
paper is a review of Power Line Communication (PLC) in vehicle studies. The
ECUs require buses to exchange information between sensors and actuators.
Considering them, we observe that each solution uses its specific wires and
communication system. An attractive solution to reduce wires is the power line
communication using the power lines to transmit both the power and messages
without functional barriers domain. The channel characterizations of the PLC
lines, the impact of the noise, and the data rate are presented. We have a
focus on CP length optimization and choice of bandwidth. Numerical results show
the significant improvements.
08:20 E07.2 POWER LINE COMMUNICATION BETWEEN AN
INVERTER AND A MOTOR: NOISE CHARACTERIZATION IN THE TIME DOMAIN AND IN THE
FREQUENCY DOMAIN
Power
Line Communication using the three phase cable may be used to transmit
information from the sensors distributed on a motor to the electronic command
of the converter feeding this motor. However, impulsive noise generated by the
converter is of large amplitude and covers a wide frequency band. Three
different configurations of Inverter/Motor with different power supplies and
switching frequencies are studied. The main objective of this paper is to
characterize and analyze the impulsive noise both in the time and frequency
domain. Lastly, the impact of such pulses on a high bit rate communication is
outlined.
08:40 E07.3 STUDY OF THE COEXISTENCE OF VDSL2 AND PLC
BY ANALYSING THE COUPLING BETWEEN POWER LINE AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS CABLE IN
THE HOME NETWORK
PLC
(Power Line Communications) and VDSL2 (Very high bit-rate Digital Subscriber
Line) allow high bit-rate transmissions, through power line and copper pair
respectively. Nevertheless the both technologies share the same frequency band
up to 30 MHz. In the customer premises, power line cables are nearby telephone
cables and consequently unwanted couplings could occur.This paper describes a
theoretical analysis of the electromagnetic coupling between PLC and VDSL2
links. The effects of different parameters such as copper pair characteristics
distance between the power line and the copper pair are presented.
09:00 E07.4 VULNERABILITY OF ZIGBEE TO IMPULSIVE NOISE
IN ELECTRICITY SUBSTATIONS
The
vulnerability of Zigbee technology to noise in an electricity substation
environment is assessed. Substation noise obtained from a measurement campaign
is modelled as a Symmetric Alpha-Stable process. The parameters of the model
are estimated from the measurements and the resulting model is used to
investigate the likely BER performance of Zigbee technology deployed in a
substation.
09:20 Tea/Coffee Break
09:40 E07.5 MITIGATION TECHNIQUES FOR ENHANCING MOBILE
RADIO EMC PERFORMANCES
J. Gavan, S. Tapuchi, SCE, Ashdod, Israel
The
number of mobile Radio equipments has increased tremendously which enhance
harmful mutual interference and people exposed to non ionized radiation. The
levels of Electromagnetic field effects from base stations affecting people are
significantly lower than from headsets due to the separation distances and far
field propagation conditions.Are presented main mitigation techniques for
enhancing base station performances and a thorough analysis of near field
mobile headsets EMF effects. Main headsets mitigation techniques are discussed:
Using an auxiliary antenna, distancing the headset radiating parts from their
users, space polarization diversity and meta-material antennas. Simulation and
computation results are added.
10:00 E07.6 A LOW-NOISE TIME-DOMAIN EMI MEASUREMENT
SYSTEM FOR MEASUREMENTS UP TO 26 GHZ
C. Hoffmann, A. Boege, P. Russer, TU Muenchen, Munich, Germany
A
low-noise time-domain EMI measurement system for the frequency range from
9kHz-26GHz is presented. It combines ultra-fast analog-to-digital-conversion
and real-time digital signal processing on a FPGA with broadband down-conversion.
System noise figure is decreased to 6-9.5 dB, yielding an ultra-low noise floor
of typically below -120dBm. The high system sensitivity allows for the
characterization of broadband, low-level signals near the noise floor (UWB).
System IF dynamic range exceeds CISPR 16-1-1 by over 20 dB. A scan from 9kHz to
26GHz is completed in under 200s.
10:20 E07.7 SPECTRUM ANALYZER MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUE
FOR SAFETY EVALUATION ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
M. E. Sahin, Y. Karan, N. As, Rize University, Rize, Turkey
In
this paper, general information about, unionized radiation, wireless
communication systems and electromagnetic fields are given. The safety of
mobile phones has been evaluated in terms of specific absorption ratio (SAR).
This SAR values have been defined discussing among international standard
organizations. Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) measurements are made with a
compact spectrum analyzer device, measure 400 MHz- 6 GHz bandwidth, and a
triaxial antenna. Electromagnetic fields and power flux density values are
measured and compared with the SAR values and ICNIRP standard curve. These
values are observed for different times a day
10:40 E07.8 ELECTROMAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF CO-ZR
SUBSTITUTED BA-SR FERRITE-PARAFFIN WAX COMPOSITE FOR EMC/EMI APPLICATIONS
C. Singh, Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar, Amritsar Punjab, India
This
manuscript investigates electromagnetic properties of Co-Zr substituted Ba-Sr
ferrite-paraffin wax composite. Ferrites which, in general, are magnetic
materials exhibit dielectric character with enhanced dielectric properties in
comparison to magnetic properties. These improved dielectric properties in
present composites open up the possibility for use in EMC/EMI applications,
whereas various researchers have reported for modifying magnetic properties for
same applications. The high temperature causes formation of Fe2+ ions which
further increases electron hopping between Fe2+ ions and Fe3+ ions leading to
increase in dielectric properties. The relationship is established between
microstructure and dynamic properties.
11:00 E07.9 EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF PROXIMITY
EFFECT IN THE CALCULATION OF THE INTERNAL IMPEDANCE OF CYLINDRICAL CONDUCTORS
In
this paper we discuss how the inclusion of proximity effect influences the
evaluation of the internal impedances of cylindrical conductors. After
recalling the classical analytical formulation used for calculating internal
impedance, we use a Finite Element Method (FEM) code, in order to take into
account the proximity effect. We show that in a low voltage cable, at frequency
higher than the industrial ones, and particularly above the kilohertz range,
the impact of proximity effect is rather relevant and cannot be neglected when
dealing with EMC issues related to cable networks.
11:20 End of the Session
Session Chairs: Antonio Martellucci, Ondrej Fišer
Session F07
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Thursday, August 18, 08:00-12:00
Room Haliç
08:00 F07.1 CLASSIFICATION METHOD FOR REFLECTION AND
DUCT PROPAGATION OF FM RADIO WAVES OBSERVED AT HIROSHIMA AND ASO IN JAPAN
K. Shin, M. Nishi, T. Yoshida, Hiroshima City University, Hiroshima, Japan
Electromagnetic
waves in the FM broadcasting frequency band have been observing at our eleven
observatories in Japan. We have been frequently observed anomalous FM radio
waves due to reflection by the ionospheric sporadic-E layer, and due to the
tropospheric duct propagation. For large amounts of data observed in years, it
is important to classify them automatically. Thus, we propose a method to
classify above two FM radio waves based on their propagation characteristics.
We evaluated the method using data observed at Hiroshima and Aso from 2005 to
2010. As a result, we confirmed that the classification method worked
correctly.
08:20 F07.2 MULTIPLE SIGNAL CLASSIFICATION ALGORITHM
FOR NON-DESTRUCTIVE IMAGING OF REINFORCEMENT BARS AND EMPTY DUCTS IN CIRCULAR
CONCRETE COLUMNS
K. Agarwal, X. Chen, L. Pan, S. P. Yeo, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
Multiple
signal classification has been applied to inverse scattering problems. Here, we
present a practical application of multiple signal classification related to
civil engineering. The problem is to detect reinforcement bars and empty ducts
in circular columns. With appropriate experimental design, multiple signal
classification can be applied directly to detect reinforcement bars. However,
it is extremely difficult to detect the empty ducts because of their small
scattering strengths. We propose a simple two-stage MUSIC scheme capable of
detecting empty ducts as well. The MUSIC shows good imaging results even in
very high noise levels, upto 31%.
08:40 F07.3 TRADE-OFF BETWEEN VERTICAL RESOLUTION AND
ACCURACY IN WATER VAPOR RETRIEVALS FROM GROUND-BASED MICROWAVE BRIGHTNESS
TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS
Observations
of vertical gradients of water vapor and temperature with high vertical
resolution and accuracy are key to improving weather prediction. However,
state-of-the-art retrievals from radiometric measurements are known to have
coarse vertical resolution. Therefore, an elevation-angle scanning strategy
based on Backus-Gilbert theory was devised to increase the vertical resolution.
Simulations show that increased resolution can be achieved with the trade-off
of increased errors in water vapor retrieval. This trade-off can be adjusted
based on the needs of thermodynamic profiles to improve weather prediction.
09:00 F07.4 MODIS AND CAIPEEX DATA ANALYSES TO STUDY
THE MICROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CLOUDS DURING CONTRASTING MONSOON DAYS AND
EVALUATION OF THE CLOUD SYSTEM RESOLVING SIMULATION BY WRF
K. Chakravarty, S. Taraphder, P. Mukhopadhyay, Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune, India
Clouds
play a dominant role in the radiative balance of the atmosphere. The
representation of clouds in general circulation models can be improved by
better understanding of cloud processes through a good time series data at
cloud scale. This is addressed in the "Cloud Aerosol Interaction and
Precipitation Enhancement Experiment ", over the Indian region during
2009. The objective of this paper is to bring out the microphysics of clouds
during two contrasting days of Indian Monsoon and to study the extent a
mesoscale model simulation at cloud permitting resolution (9-3 km), could
capture the observed cloud types and properties.
09:20 Tea/Coffee Break
09:40 F07.5 CLOUDSAT OBSERVATIONS OF MULTI LAYERED
CLOUDS ACROSS THE GLOBE
S. V. Kandula, K. K. Karanam, Space Physics Laboratory (SPL), Trivandrum, India
Detection
of multilayered clouds using satellite observations is important for
climate-related applications. The present results provide the quantitative
information about the percentage of occurrence of one to five-layered clouds
across the globe using CloudSat observations. Multilayered clouds occur most
frequently in Tropics. Double- and triple-layered clouds account for about
one-third and one-ninth of the total frequency-of-occurrence respectively. The
probability of occurrence of five-layered cloud is high during the period JJA
over Asian monsoon region. The present results also quantified the thickness of
each cloud layer across globe by identifying cloud vertical dimensions.
10:00 F07.6 DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNALLY-CALIBRATED,
MMIC-BASED MILLIMETER-WAVE RADIOMETERS TO ENABLE CORRECTION OF WET-TROPOSPHERIC
DELAY FOR COASTAL ZONE ALTIMETRY
Critical
microwave component and receiver technologies are under development to reduce
the risk, cost, volume, mass, power and development time for a high-frequency
microwave radiometer to enable wet-tropospheric correction in the coastal zone
and over land as part of the NRC Decadal Survey-recommended Surface Water and
Ocean Topography (SWOT) Mission. This work is to enable the addition of 90-170
GHz high frequency channels to the traditional 18-37 GHz microwave radiometers
on future ocean altimetry missions. These new components will be integrated
into a MMIC-based low-mass, low-power, small-volume demonstration prototype
radiometer.
10:20 F07.7 THE DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF MST RADAR
AT WUHAN, CHINA
The
basic configuration of the Wuhan MST (Mesosphere-Stratosphere-Troposphere)
radar, which is currently designed and constructed by School of Electronic
Information, Wuhan University, is preliminarily described in this paper. The
Wuhan MST radar operates at VHF band preoccupied with the real-time
characteristics of turbulence and wind field vector in the height range 1-100km
with a high temporal and spatial resolution. This all solid state, all coherent
pulse Doppler radar is the Chinas first independently development of MST radar
focusing at atmospheric observation.
10:40 F07.8 DISTRIBUTION OF UPPER TROPICAL CIRRUS IN
RELATION TO TROPICAL EASTERLY JET
S. K. Das, J. B. Nee, C. W. Chiang, National Central University, ChungLi, Taiwan
The
role of redistribution of the tropical upper tropospheric humidity (UTH) in the
formation of tropical cirrus (TC) is studied using three years (2006-2008) of
data from the CALIOP, MLS and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis. Results show that the
redistribution of UTH from a highly convective zone to the Indian peninsular
region leads to the formation of the TC. Advection of upper layer humidity is
caused by the tropical easterly jet (TEJ) associated with the Asian Summer
Monsoon. Thus for the first time, the role of TEJ in redistribution of UTH and
consequently in the formation of TC is investigated.
11:00 F07.9 ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL PROPERTIES MEASURED AT
VARANASI LOCATED IN INDO-GANGETIC BASIN
S. Tiwari, S. Kumar, A. K. Singh, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
Aerosols
particles are dominant particles in study of climate change. Its
characteristic, composition, distribution and boundary layer dynamics are
poorly known. Aerosols optical depth (AOD) is an important parameter for study
of aerosols. At Varanasi, a station located in the heart of Indo-Gangetic basin
(IGB), we are using Micro Pulsed LIDAR, MicroTOPS sunphotometer and Portable
laser Aerosol spectrometer for measuring aerosol physical parameters during
winter of 2010-2011. The results of the variability of aerosol physical
properties over the IGB and concentration of dust particles in different
locations at Varanasi are presented and discussed.
11:20 F07.10 CASE STUDIES OF DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF
ATMOSPHERIC PLANETARY WAVES DURING STRATOSPHERIC WARMINGS IN WINTER 2008
This
paper offers a method for investigating characteristics of propagation of
wave-like temperature disturbances were observed at the height range of 20-100
km during development of the sudden winter stratospheric warmings in January -
February 2008. Satellite data on vertical temperature distribution obtained by
the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) aboard the spacecraft EOS Aura were used. In
an approaching of two wave model the propagation directions of disturbances
were calculated. Vorticity-like behavior of horizontal wave numbers structure
was shown. Periods of disturbances vary from 11 to 27 days. Vertical wave
numbers range is 35-80 km.
11:40 F07.11 A MARKOV CHAIN APPROACH IN THE PREDICTION
OF SEVERE PRE-MONSOON THUNDERSTORMS THROUGH ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK WITH
DAILY TOTAL OZONE AS PREDICTOR
Purpose
of the present paper is to examine the predictability of the occurrence of the
severe pre-monsoon thunderstorm over Gangetic West Bengal, India. Instead of
considering various meteorological predictors, daily total ozone concentration
is chosen as the predictor because of the influence of tropospheric as well as
stratospheric ozone on the genesis of meteorological phenomena. Considering the
occurrence/non-occurrence of thunderstorm in the pre-monsoon season as the
dichotomous time series that realizes 0 and 1 for non-occurrence and occurrence
of thunderstorm respectively, a first order two state (FOTS) Markov dependence
is revealed within this time series.
12:00 End of the Session
G07 – Ionospheric Research for Radio Systems Support
Session Chairs: Hal Strangeways, Iwona Stanislawska
Session G07
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Thursday, August 18, 08:00-12:00
Room Topkapi A
08:00 G07.1 INVESTIGATIONS INTO SMALL-SCALE
DISTURBANCES IN THE IONOSPHERE USING SPICE
T. J. Harris, M. A. Cervera, Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Edinburgh, SA, Australia
Ionospheric
disturbances observed by bottom-side soundings appear at many temporal and
spatial scales. SpICE, for Spatial Ionospheric Correlation Experiment, is an
experimental program to investigate the smaller spatial scale disturbances
which are often uncorrelated at ranges beyond 500km or timescales exceeding 15
minutes. SpICE uses the latest digital receiver technology and continuous wave
transmissions received at near-vertical incidence. High time and frequency
resolution ionograms are produced. This paper will discuss program goals and
some of the disturbances observed so far. The temporal behaviour of medium and
small scale disturbances will be explored and measures of disturbance features
discussed.
08:20 G07.2 LOW LATITUDE SCINTILLATIONS: A COMPARISON
OF MODELING AND OBSERVATIONS WITHIN THE CIGALA PROJECT
Ionospheric
scintillations can seriously jeopardize the reliability of the GNSS signals and
consequently can cause significant error on precise positioning applications.
The threat is most acute at low latitudes where ionospheric irregularities are
more likely to occur resulting in L-band signal scintillations. This paper
describes the effort made to model the ionospheric scintillations over the
Latin American region in the frame of the CIGALA project funded by the European
GNSS Supervisory Authority within the 7th Framework Programme of the European
Commission. Comparisons between the low-latitude model of scintillations and
observations are presented and discussed within the project perspectives.
08:40 G07.3 STUDY OF EQUATORIAL LOW-LATITUDE
IONOSPHERIC IRREGULARITIES DURING A RECENT GEOMAGNETIC
S. Priyadarshi, A. K. Singh, Atmospheric Research Laboratory, BHU, Varanasi, India
In
the past decade there has been growing interest in the investigation of plasma
bubble (PB), associated irregularities, which often profoundly impact satellite
communication and navigation systems and produce ionospheric scintillations.
The basic mechanism of generation and development of equatorial spread F (ESF)
is the gravitational Rayleigh-Taylor instability. The trans-ionospheric signal
scintillation causes considerable communication hazards at a wide range of
frequencies and hence is of much practical interest. In the present study we
have investigated the effect of geomagnetic storm on the low latitude
ionospheric scintillation for the 03 August 2010 storm at Varanasi India.
09:00 G07.4 PLASMA BUBBLE MONITORING BY HF
TRANS-EQUATORIAL ARRIVAL ANGLE AND PROPAGATION DISTANCE MEASUREMENTS
Demand
for plasma bubble monitoring for global navigation satellite system users is
increasing. Large-scale ionospheric structures associated with plasma bubbles
are studied by measuring trans-equatorial propagation of HF radio waves from
Australia to Japan. Propagation distance of the radio waves are simultaneously
measured with two digital radio receiver, one near the radio transmitting site
in Australia and the other at receiver site in Japan. The study shows that
off-great circle trans-equatorial propagation of HF radio wave corresponds to
plasma bubble and useful for wide-area plasma bubble monitoring. Propagation
distance measurement helps improving the monitoring performance.
09:20 Tea/Coffee Break
09:40 G07.5 IONOSPHERIC SCITILLATION ACTIVITY MEASURED
IN THE AFRICAN SECTOR
A. Susnik, B. Forte, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
A
sample of ionospheric scintillation activity measured in the African sector
(Douala, magnetic latitude 5.36 N) is analysed, using measurements provided by
a dual frequency GPS Ionospheric Scintillation and TEC monitor (GSV4004).
Measurements referring to quiet and disturbed conditions occurring between 4
November 2004 and 15 November 2004 were considered in this analysis. An
overview of the scintillation activity in that event is presented (also in
comparison with simultaneous measurements collected in the Brazilian sector).
The importance of this type of analyses relies on the need to understand the
potential threats to GNSS based applications.
10:00 G07.6 CHARACTERIZATION OF IONOSPHERIC
SCINTILLATION AT HIGH LATITUDE IN THE EUROPEAN
S. Tiwari, R. Tiwari, H. J. Strangeways, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, United Kingdom
This
work studies the characteristics of high latitude ionospheric scintillation
over the European region by an extensive data set of GPS observations between
50˚ to 75˚N latitude for year 2003 in Northern Europe. The analysis
shows that, during nighttime, electron precipitation near the auroral oval
boundary extends equatorward causing phase scintillation. By contrast, in the
polar region, scintillation activity is driven by the direct interaction of
solar flares into the Earths atmosphere. The results enhance understanding of
different mechanisms responsible for scintillation and will be utilised in the
construction of a scintillation prediction tool for this region.
10:20 G07.7 MODELLING THE EFFECTS OF IONOSPHERIC
DISTURBANCES ON VERTICALLY INCIDENT IONOGRAMS USING 3D RAYTRACING
M. A. Cervera, T. J. Harris, Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Edinburgh, SA, Australia
Ionospheric
disturbances manifest over a large range of spatial and temporal scales.
Currently DSTO has a good understanding of these disturbances at scales >
1000 km and temporal resolutions > 15 minutes through its network of vertical
incident sounders. However, as we are interested in investigating these
disturbances at much smaller scale sizes (< 150 km and temporal resolutions
< 1 minute), DSTO has initiated an experimental programme viz. Spatial
Ionospheric Correlation Experiment (SpICE). In this paper we use 3D
magneto-ionic raytracing to model and understand the various ionospheric
disturbances giving rise to the effects we observe in our data.
10:40 G07.8 TWO POSSIBLE APPROACHES FOR IONOSPHERIC
FORECASTING TO BE EMPLOYED ALONG WITH THE IRI MODEL
Ionospheric
forecasting is a popular research area required by telecommunication and
navigation system planners and operators. The problem is challenging because
ionospheric processes are nonlinear. Data-driven techniques are of particular
interest since they overcome most of these difficulties. In this work, two
possible ionospheric forecasting approaches have been considered to be employed
along with the IRI model. The authors reported these approaches previously.
Ionospheric critical frequency values have been forecast using Fuzzy inference
and Neural Networks considering the two possible approaches, METU-FNN and
METU-NN. In parallel, the foF2 values have been calculated based on the IRI
model.
11:00 G07.9 MAGNETIC ETA INDEX AND IONOSPHERIC
DISTURBANCES IN THE E LAYER DURING SOLAR MINIMUM.
We
analysed the correlation of the changes of the magnetic vertical component with
the ionospheric deviations from monthly median of the E layer characteristics.
In all analysed daily cases the eta index correlates in time with the
appearance within two hours of the sporadic E layer. An advantage of the eta is
that eta index bring independent and meaningful information on the system of
current in the ionosphere. Hence, the eta index could be an important element
of the ionosphere monitoring and can be used to predict such local phenomenon
like the appearance of the sporadic E layer.
11:20 G07.10 IONOSPHERIC F2 LAYER BEHAVIOR DURING
PROLONGED SOLAR MINIMUM
The
prolonged solar activity minimum gives a possibility to explore ionospheric
behaviour under long-lasting low solar ultraviolet irradiance conditions. This
paper presents results of the analysis of the ionospheric F2 layer main
parameters foF2 and hmF2 variation over middle latitudes. The paper focuses on
ionospheric response to occasional minor-to-moderate geomagnetic disturbances
preceded by significant enhancement in Dst index. The results show that the
departure of foF2 and hmF2 from their 27-days running means during such events
was comparable with the differences observed under strong ionospheric storm
conditions. Observations are compared with the IRI 2007 model outputs.
11:40 G07.11 MAPPING OF IONOSPHERIC IRREGULARITY AND
SCINTILLATION SPECTRAL INDICES FOR NORTHERN EUROPE
H. J. Strangeways, R. Tiwari, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, United Kingdom
In-situ
satellite observations have been employed to map the global morphology of
electron density irregularities which produce scintillation. In particular the
exponent of the inverse spatial spectrum of the irregularities pi can be
determined which will yield the slope p of the psd of the scintillation. The in
situ measurement has the advantage of good temporal and spatial coverage but
the disadvantage that a satellite is required. We present a method of
determining p and also pi from just scintillation indices thus obviating the
need for in-situ measurements or the determination of the fading frequency
spectrum.
12:00 End of the Session
HG3 – Active Experiments in the Ionosphere and Magnetosphere I
Session Chairs: Bo Thidé, Todd Pedersen
Session HG3
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Thursday, August 18, 08:00-12:00
Room Topkapi B
08:00 HG3.1 HF-DRIVEN CURRENTS IN THE POLAR IONOSPHERE
Ionospheric
heaters located in polar-regions generate waves in the LF range by modulating
the auroral electrojet at D/E region altitudes. We present
theoretical/computational results indicating that modulated HF heating can
generate ionospheric currents in the ULF/ELF range without electrojet currents.
The new concept relies in using HF heating of the F-region to modulate the electron
temperature and is termed as Ionospheric Current Drive. We will examine the
scaling and limitations of the concept and suggest experiments using the HAARP
ionospheric heater. This implies freeing the ionospheric ULF/ELF generation
from requiring electrojet availability and strength.
08:20 HG3.2 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GEOPHYSICAL
CONDITIONS AND ELF AMPLITUDE IN MODULATED HEATING EXPERIMENTS AT HAARP:
MODELING AND EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
Extremely
Low Frequency (ELF) wave generation using the ionospheric heater at the High
Frequency Active Auroral Research Program facility in Gakona, Alaska depends on
electrojet currents. We use diagnostics from a radar, riometer, ionosonde, and
magnetometer chain to understand how natural conditions affect ELF generation.
We then present results of statistical models that show ELF amplitude is
proportional to magnetometer measurements for a fixed value of riometer
absorption, and that the proportionality constant decreases as riometer
absorption increases. Numerical simulations using several ionospheric density
profiles verify that denser profiles result in smaller gains for ELF generation
than for electrojet current.
08:40 HG3.3 APPLICATIONS OF BROADBAND RADIO SIGNALS
FOR DIAGNOSTICS OF ELECTRON DENSITY PROFILE DYNAMICS AND SPATIAL PLASMA MOTION
IN THE HF-PUMPED IONOSPHERE
A
technique for studying inhomogeneous structure and motions in the ionosphere by
measurements of wideband pulse radio signal amplitude and phase characteristics
is developed and tested in investigations of the HF-pumped ionospheric volume
above the Sura facility. For the electron density profile reconstruction with
high altitude and temporal resolution, an algorithm of inverse problem solving
using phase sounding data is implemented. Horizontal velocity data are obtained
by means of correlation analysis of reflected pulses received by diversity
technique. Experimental results on electron density profile behavior and on 3D
velocity field reconstruction during HF pumping of the ionosphere are
presented.
09:00 HG3.4 THE CONTRIBUTION OF ARTIFICIAL D-REGION
DISTURBANCES TO THE IONOSPHERIC VLF WAVE ENVIRONMENT
Artificial
ionospheric disturbances are created by intense HF radiation from ground-based
facilities and VLF radiation from Navy transmitters. We apply Stanford
Full-Wave Method (SFWM) to scattering of the VLF waves propagating in the
Earth-ionosphere waveguide (EIW) by such ionospheric disturbances, using Born
approximation. The waves are scattered both into the EIW (in the forward
direction) and into the ionosphere (both forward and upward into a whistler
"column"). In the case of HF heating, the upward-scattered wave
intensity may significantly exceed the waveguide leakage into the ionosphere,
while for the VLF-heated ionosphere, it is relatively small.
09:20 Tea/Coffee Break
09:40 HG3.5 HF STIMULATED ELECTROMAGNETIC EMISSIONS
AND RADAR OBSERVATIONS OF IONOSPHERIC HEATING FROM HAARP
High
power radio waves excite electrostatic waves in the ionosphere. Electrostatic
waves can be detected either by mode conversion into Stimulated Electromagnetic
Emission (SEE) or scatter of radar signals. We present the results of SEE
observations conducted through high-power HF heating experiments at the
High-Frequency Active Auroral Research Program. Multiple receiving instruments
have been used to observe many low frequency electrostatic modes from a high
power electromagnetic pump. These modes are not well characterized. Our
ionospheric heating experiments are attempts to understand the process by which
an electromagnetic pump wave is converted into high and low-frequency modes.
10:00 HG3.6 OBSERVATIONS AND THEORY OF ION
GYRO-HARMONIC STRUCTURES IN THE STIMULATED RADIATION SPECTRUM DURING SECOND
ELECTRON GYRO-HARMONIC HEATING
Recent
observations of Stimulated Electromagnetic Emissions SEE for heating near the
second electron gyro-harmonic frequency at the HAARP facility are discussed
that show previously unobserved structures ordered by harmonics of the ion
gyro-frequency. An analytical model is presented that shows for pump wave
frequencies near the second electron gyro-harmonic, a band of upper
hybrid/electron Bernstein waves separated by harmonics of the ion
gyro-frequency can be destabilized. A new 2-D computational model using the PIC
method is also used to investigate nonlinear processes involved in producing
these spectral features.
10:20 HG3.7 1ST OBSERVATIONS OF SPEAR (SPACE PLASMA
EXPLORATION BY ACTIVE RADAR) INDUCED PLASMA LINE SPECTRAL ENHANCEMENTS IN A
NATURALLY OCCURRING SPORADIC E-REGION.
We
present the 1st observations of sporadic E-layer heating at high latitudes
(78N) using the SPEAR heating facility and the EISCAT Svalbard Radar (ESR).
Results show distinct heating enhancements in the plasma line spectra,
corresponding to the SPEAR heater frequency of 4.45MHz. High spatial resolution
(100m) plasma line data indicate simultaneous enhancements at both the top and
bottom side of the layer respectively (located at ~107.5 and 109km altitude
respectively). The nature of these enhancements will be discussed in detail.
10:40 HG3.8 ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC ANTENNA AS REAL
TRANSMISSION LINES IN PLASMA AND THE MIRACLE OF SELF-FOCUSING OF WHISTLER MODE
PROPAGATION
K. Bibl, Univ. of Mass. Lowell, Center for Atmospheric Research, Lowell, MA, United States
When
one considers the losses in an antenna impedance measurement of the Very-low
Frequency RPI experiment in space mostly caused by local electrons and ions
flowing into the antenna and the spacecraft, instead of radiation, because
these losses were non-linear with voltage, and can explain the excellent
recordings of multi-bounce whistler mode echoes as self-focused in spite of low
power, the search for new antenna configurations is required if high-power transmission
is necessary. Understanding the antenna in plasma as a real transmission line,
leads to a magnetic-electric antenna, end-loaded with capacity.
11:00 HG3.9 25 YEARS OF IONOSPHERIC MODIFICATION WITH
SPACE SHUTTLE OMS BURNS
P. A. Bernhardt, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, United States
The
Space Shuttle Orbital Maneuver Subsystem (OMS) is the largest engine fired in
the F-region ionosphere. The vector addition of the exhaust velocity and the
orbit velocity provides possible injections speeds of between 4.7 and 10.7
km/s. A ten second burn of two OMS engines deposits over 1 Giga-Joule of energy
into the upper atmosphere. The ionosphere reacts to an OMS burn by exciting a
large number of plasma wave modes and field aligned irregularities. These
phenomena were obtained first in July 1985 and for the next 25 years 18 flights
of the Space Shuttle.
11:20 HG3.10 EXCITATION, PROPAGATION AND RECEPTION OF WAVE
PULSES IN THE VICINITY OF THE LOWER OBLIQUE RESONANCE IN THE OEDIPUS-C
EXPERIMENT
The
observations in the OEDIPUS-C two-point experiment of pulses of 100-kHz wave
trains are presented. The waves propagate near the lower oblique resonance cone
over a distance slightly higher than one kilometer in the auroral ionosphere
between the emitting and receiving payloads. The interpretation of these data
requires an innovative approach that takes into account both the excitation and
reception of these waves under resonance conditions as well as the spreading of
pulses during propagation.
11:40 HG3.11 INVESTIGATION OF SPACECRAFT TRANSMITTER
VHF SIGNAL PROPAGATION THROUGH EXHAUST BURNS OF APPROACH AND CORRECTION ENGINE
USING THE GROUND-BASE INTERFEROMETER
In
this paper we study features propagation of VHF radiowaves through the
ionospheric disturbances generated by exhaust jets of Transport Spacecraft
(TSC) "Progress" Approach and Correction Engine (ACE). For solving
this problem was created the ground-based interferometric complex comprising of
4 zenith reception antennas. The results of ground-based interferometric
measurements showed the effect of ACE run on the onboard transmitter VHF signal
characteristics.
12:00 End of the Session
Session Chair: Justin Jonas
Session J07
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Thursday, August 18, 08:00-11:50
Room Marmara
08:00 J07.1 PRESENT STATUS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS OF
ONSALA SPACE OBSERVATORY, SWEDEN
M. Lindqvist, H. Olofsson, Onsala Space Observatory, Onsala, Sweden
Onsala
Space Observatory (OSO), the Swedish National Facility for Radio Astronomy,
operates a 20m-diameter millimetre-wave telescope and a 25m-diameter cm-wave
telescope at Onsala, Sweden. OSO is also responsible for the Swedish
involvement in the Atacama Pathfinder Experiment (APEX), an excellent
sub-millimetre telescope on an exceptionally good site, Llano Chajnantor in
Chile. Furthermore, OSO is involved in several international projects such as
EVN, IVS, LOFAR, ALMA, Herschel and SKA. We will describe the present status of
the observatory and outline some of the planned future directions
08:10 J07.2 PROGRESS WITH EVLBI IN THE EVN AND
CORRELATORS AT JIVE
H. H. J. van Langevelde, JIVE, Dwingeloo, Netherlands
The
European VLBI Network has been offering real-time capabilities for a couple of
years with a primary objective to allow observations of transients on the time
scales at which they occur. The technical, operational and scientific aspects
of this has been recognized to be relevant for the development of the SKA. As a
next step, it is the aim to include an eVLBI aspect to all user experiments,
resulting in a more senstive, fexible and robust network. Combined with new
correlators, currently under construction, this will result in an astronomical
facility complementary with other SKA-pathfinder radio observatories.
08:20 J07.3 ASTRON OBSERVATORY REPORT
M. A. Garrett, ASTRON, Dwingeloo, Netherlands
I
will present the latest results associated with the major activities of ASTRON
(the Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy). These will include (i) the
latest commissioning results from the International LOFAR Telescope, (ii) new
results from APERTIF (the focal plane array system being developed for the
WSRT) and (iii) the latest news regarding our participation in the Aperture
Array Verification Programme (including recent results from the SKA pathfinder,
EMBRACE). Key scientific results obtained by ASTRON staff will also be
described, together with news on our technology valorization programme.
08:30 J07.4 HARTEBEESTHOEK RADIO ASTRONOMY OBSERVATORY
REPORT
M. J. Gaylard, Hartebeesthoek Radio Astronomy Observatory, Krugersdorp, South Africa
The
26m radio telescope of the Hartebeesthoek Radio Astronomy Observatory (HartRAO)
suffered a failure of the main bearing in the polar shaft in 2008 October. This
was replaced in 2010 and the telescope returned to service. Very Long Baseline
Interferometry (VLBI) restarted in 2010 August. The internet link to other
continents operates at 1 GB/s, permitting e-VLBI at this data rate with the
European VLBI Network (EVN).
08:40 J07.5 OBSERVATORY REPORT FOR THE UK
R. J. Davis, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
As
UK representative for commission J I will give a report on radio astronomy in
the UK. This will be centred on eMERLIN and JBO with further reports from
Lord's Bridge Cambridge and SKA reports from Manchester, Cambridge and Oxford.
If time permits then there will be a report on millimeter astronomy.
08:50 J07.6 ASTROMERY ACTIVITIES WITH THE MIZUSAWA
VLBI OBSERVATORY, JAPAN
N. Kawaguchi, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Tokyo, Japan
The
Mizusawa VLBI observatory of the National Astronomical Observatory, Japan has
currently been making astrometric observations on stars in the Milky Galaxy by
using a VLBI network formed by four 20-m radio telescopes deployed over
Japanese islands (VERA). The annual parallax measured with the VLBI array makes
clear the distance to the star, which is essentially imprtant to know the
absolute mass of the star. The distance and the infinitesimal motion on the sky
are also important to elucidate the galaxy dynamics and the structure. I will
report the recent astrometric results and new astrophysical discoveries made by
VERA.
09:00 J07.7 THE NANCAY RADIO OBSERVATORY
G. Theureau, Paris Observatory, Nancay, France
The
Decimetric Radio Telescope, the Radioheliograph and the Decametric Array are
operational with renovated instrumentations. The french LOFAR station is
installed and connected to the ILT. The CODALEMA experiment of cosmic shower
radio detection has deployed 60 new autonomous antennae and the EMBRACE
SKA-demonstrator is in its final phase of calibration and testing. R&D
activity is growing rapidly with new developments in integrated receivers,
focal plane array design and RFI mitigation techniques for SKA. The concept of
an extended LOFAR station at 20-80 MHz is under study, for an area 20 times
that of a single station.
09:10 J07.8 THE INTERNATIONAL LOFAR TELESCOPE (ILT)
R. C. Vermeulen, M. van Haarlem, ASTRON, Dwingeloo, Netherlands
LOFAR
is the Low Frequency Array, with 30-240 MHz receivers for radio astronomy. The
International LOFAR Telescope (ILT) foundation has recently been formed to
operate collectively, under a joint scientific policy, all LOFAR facilities
owned by various parties in the Netherlands, Germany, France, Sweden, and the
United Kingdom. Plans to join the ILT exist in several other European
countries. Here, we describe the governance and report on the initial
operations, which focus on joint shared-risks early science and commissioning projects.
Future observing will have a mixture of reserved access and Open Skies
projects.
09:20 Tea/Coffee Break
09:40 J07.9 OBSERVATORY REPORT: MIT HAYSTACK
OBSERVATORY
C. Lonsdale, MIT Haystack Observatory, Westford, MA, United States
Haystack
Observatory engages in a wide variety of technical and scientific activities
under the unifying theme of radio science. In this presentation, an overview of
the Observatory facilities and capabilities will be given, along with a
description of the major areas of work. The recent major upgrade of the
37-meter telescope will be described. Finally, a summary of the recent major
research accomplishments in astronomy and atmospheric sciences will be presented.
09:50 J07.10 RADIO ASTRONOMY AND VLBI IN NEW ZEALAND
S. Gulyaev, T. Natusch, S. Weston, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
New
Zealand's location and geophysical attributes carry unique opportunities for
radio astronomy and VLBI: a compact cluster of 12-m and 30-m antennas at the
Warkworth Radio Astronomical Observatory can provide a vital element of the
global and regional VLBI networks, both astronomical and geodetic. The radio
telescopes' characteristics and the observatory basic equipment specifications
are outlined. Recent developments in radio astronomy, VLBI and eVLBI
capabilities for astrophysics, astrometry and geodesy are presented. IRASR
development towards SKA, as well as involvement in educational activities is
summarized.
10:00 J07.11 SHANGHAI 65M RADIO TELESCOPE
Z.-Q. Shen, The 65m Project Team, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Shanghai, China
The
Shanghai 65m radio telescope is a new general purpose, fully steerable radio
telescope currently being built. It will have a main reflector of 65-m in
diameter with a shaped Cassegrain configuration. It will operate in a wide
frequency range (from 1.4 GHz to 43 GHz). The primary active surface will be
installed to improve the efficiency at high frequencies. It will be in full
operation in 2015 with the first commissioning observations in 2012-2013. Some
updates of the construction and other related topics of the Shanghai 65m radio
telescope project will be reported.
10:10 J07.12 THE AUSTRALIA TELESCOPE NATIONAL FACILITY
D. C. C-J. Bock, CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science, Epping, NSW, Australia
The
Australia Telescope National Facility (ATNF) consists of the Australia
Telescope Compact Array, Parkes Telescope, Mopra Telescope, and the Long
Baseline Array. Users also have access to NASA's 70m antenna in Tidbinbilla,
near Canberra. Following its completion in 2013, the Australian SKA Pathfinder
(ASKAP) will also become part of the ATNF. The ATNF is now part of CSIRO
Astronomy and Space Science. This new CSIRO division joins the ATNF and the
Canberra Deep Space Communication Complex (part of the NASA Deep Space
Network). CSIRO's programs of astrophysics research and radio astronomy
technology development are also in the division.
10:20 J07.13 ARECIBO OBSERVATORY
D. B. Campbell, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States
During
the program year ending on September 30, 2010, the Arecibo 305 m radio
telescope was used for approximately 4,000 hours for astronomical observations
with about 60% of the time devoted to large surveys primarily utilizing the
ALFA 7-horn array. A structural problem limited telescope motion for most of
the year but, as of early February, 2011, has been repaired. A 12 m antenna was
installed as a phase reference antenna to improve the efficiency of VLBI observations.
Feasibility studies are underway for a 40-beam cooled phased array system as a
successor to the ALFA system.
10:30 J07.14 NANTEN2 SUB-MM OBSERVATORY
T. Okuda, T. Hayakawa, Y. Fukui, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
NANTEN2
is a 4m sub-mm/mm telescope installed in Atacama, Chile. The telescope is
equipped with heterodyne receivers at four frequency bands [100, 200, 500 and
800GHz]. The high frequency bands are used to probe high excitation molecular
gas in star forming regions etc. and the lower frequency bands to observe
extended molecular gas in the Galaxy. Recent results on the central molecular
zone and the Magellanic Clouds will be presented in the talk. NANTEN2
consortium includes ten universities around the world.
10:40 J07.15 NEW TECHNICAL AND SCIENTIFIC DEVELOPMENTS
AT THE ARIZONA RADIO OBSERVATORY
Astronomical
observations in the millimeter and sub-millimeter regions are performed at two
facilities operated by the Arizona Radio Observatory. The Sub-Millimeter
Telescope utilizes 3 heterodyne SIS receivers to cover 3 of the 4 atmospheric
windows from 210 to 720 GHz and soon a new receiver will cover the remaining
window. The 12-Meter telescope uses 3 heterodyne SIS receivers to the cover the
2 windows from 68 to 180 GHz. All receivers detect orthogonal polarization and
soon 4 will utilize wideband sideband separating mixer technology. Presented
here are new instrumentation developments and recent scientific results from
the ARO.
10:50 J07.16 OBSERVATORY REPORT FROM JAPAN
R. Kawabe, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Nobeyama, Minamisaku, Nagano, Japan
Recent
three major activities of radio astronomy in National Astronomical Observatory
of Japan (NAOJ) are presented. One is ALMA construction; NAOJ is constructing
Atacama Compact Array (ACA), and ALMA band-4, -8, and -10 receiver cartridges.
The others are activities for operating Nobeyama Radio Observatory (NRO) and
Mizusawa VLBI observatory. Toward ALMA science, NRO is operating the 45 m
telescope and ASTE (Atacama Submillimeter Telescope Experiment) 10 m telescope
in Chile. Mizusawa is operating VERA (VLBI Exploration of Radio Astronomy)
dedicated to phase referencing VLBI for Galactic astronomy. Other activities
led by Japanese universities are also reported.
11:00 J07.17 RADIO ASTRONOMY DATA TRANSFER USING KAREN
NETWORK
S. Weston, T. Natusch, S. Gulyaev, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
The
Kiwi Advanced Research and Education Network (KAREN) has been used to transfer
large volumes of radio astronomical data between the Radio Astronomical
Observatory at Warkworth, New Zealand and various international organizations
involved in joint projects and VLBI observations. Here we report on current
status of connectivity and results of testing data transfer protocols. We
investigate UDP protocols (tsunami and UDT) and demonstrate that the UDT is
more efficient than tsunami and ftp. We also report on tests of direct data
streaming from the radio telescope receiving system to a correlation centre
without intermediate buffering or recording (real-time eVLBI).
11:10 J07.18 OBSERVATORY REPORT FOR THE GMRT
Y. Gupta, National Centre for Radio Astrophysics, Pune, India
The
Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT), consisting of 30 antennas of 45 m
diameter spread out over a 30 km region, is today a major international
facility for research in low frequency Radio Astronomy (150 MHz to 1500 MHz).
We describe the current operational status of the GMRT, and highlight some of
the recent discoveries. We also present some recent improvements, including the
GMRT software back-end, improved RFI mitigation techniques, VLBI capability
etc. Furthermore, we present details about the major upgrade of the GMRT that
is presently underway, which will significantly enhance its capabilities.
11:20 J07.19 A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF ACTIVITIES AT THE
RAMAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE (RRI)
N. Udaya Shankar, Raman Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
In
this presentation, I will give a brief overview of the ongoing activities at
RRI. The present focus at RRI is on aperture arrays for low frequency radio
astronomy. I will describe the ongoing efforts related to its verification
program, possibly leading to A Low Frequency All Sky Transient Telescope, with
a 10% collecting area of SKA,targeting a frequency range 0.1 to 1 GHz. I will
also describe the activities related to the development of digital receiver
systems for MWA, a sub-millimetrewave telescope and an X-ray polarimeter for
small satellite mission.
11:30 J07.20 A REPORT FROM THE MAURITIUS RADIO
TELESCOPE
The
Mauritius Radio Telescope (MRT) was built with an objective of imaging the
southern sky at 150 MHz.The main objective of the telescope has been achieved
and a survey covering the declination range -10 degrees < DEC < -70
degress and 24 hours in RA with a resolution of 4 x 4.6 sec (delta + 20.14
degrees) has been completed. The detection limit (5 sigma) of the survey is 1
Jy/beam. We present some interesting images chosen from the survey covering 4
steradians and highlights of imaging with this non-coplanar array.
11:40 J07.21 ACTIVITIES OF THE DOMINION RADIO
ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY
The
Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory (DRAO) carries out world-class
research in radio astronomy science and engineering, with a focus on science
and technologies relevant to the planned International Square-Kilometre Array
(SKA). DRAO staff operate three on-site telescopes, and participate in
international science projects, with recognized expertise in the theory and
practice of wide-field imaging and polarimetry. Active engineering programs
include digital signal processing (correlators and beam-forming), phased-array
feeds, and high performance composite reflector antennas.
11:50 End of the Session
K06 – Biological Effects of EMF: Cellular, Animal
Session Chairs: Rafi Korenstein, Anne Perrin
Session K06
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Thursday, August 18, 08:00-11:40
Room Loft
08:00 K06.1 EFFECTS OF EXPOSURE TO INTERMEDIATE
FREQUENCY MAGNETIC FIELDS ON GENE EXPRESSION OF ESTROGEN-REGULATED GENE IN
MCF-7 CELLS
To
evaluate biological effects of intermediate frequency magnetic fields (IF-MF),
estrogen-regulated gene expression under magnetic fields were studied.
Genetically modified MCF-7 cells that transformed with ERE-luc fusion gene was
used. Cells were exposed to 21 kHz IF-MF for 24 hr. Then, luciferase activity
was measured as estrogen-regulated gene expression. In this study, we have
observed no significant difference in luciferase activity between exposed and
sham-exposed cells by 21 kHz, up to 3.9mT, IF-MF for 24hr. These results
suggest that IF-MF is unlikely to affect directly on estrogen-regulated gene
expression.
08:20 K06.2 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF INTERMEDIATE
FREQUENCY MAGNETIC FIELDS -DEVELOPMENT OF EXPOSURE SYSTEM AND EVALUATE GENOTOXICITY
IN VITRO-
To
evaluate biological effects of intermediate frequency magnetic fields (IF-MFs),
we developed an exposure system for in vitro study. This system is able to
generate up to 3.9mT, 21kHz IF-MF under controlled culture condition. Toxicity
and effect on frequency of micronucleus in CHL/IU cells by exposure to IF-MFs
were investigated. As the results, we have not observed any significant effects
by exposure to up to 3.9 mT, 21 kHz IF-MF in both experiment. This suggests
that IF-MF is unlikely to cause adverse biological effects.
08:40 K06.3 MICROARRAY ANALYSIS OF HUMAN-DERIVED CELLS
EXPOSED TO INTERMEDIATE FREQUENCY MAGNETIC FIELDS GENERATED BY AN INDUCTION
HEATING (IH) COOKTOP
There
is public concern regarding the potential health effects of induction heating
(IH) cooktops in Japan. From IH cooktops, intermediate frequency (IF) magnetic
fields at 20 to 90 kHz leak out. However, there have been very few studies of
the biological effects of IF magnetic fields. In this study, we evaluated the
effects of magnetic fields at 23 kHz and 100 μT from the perspective of
gene expression by microarray analysis using human-derived cells. We
demonstrate that exposure to IF magnetic fields for up to 6 h did not cause any
significant alterations in gene expression.
09:00 K06.4 ESTIMATION OF MUTAGENIC EFFECTS OF
INTERMEDIATE FREQUENCY MAGNETIC FIELD USING MAMMALIAN CELLS
Since
the opportunities that people are exposed to intermediate frequency (IF)
magnetic fields (MF) are increasing, the health risk assessment of IF-MF has
now become important. Because there have been few studies about long-term
exposure to IF-MF with high magnetic flux density, we have developed a new
apparatus capable of IF-MF exposure up to 3.9 mT for in vitro study. In this
study, we found out that IF-MF did not affect both cell growth and mutagenicity
using the mammalian cell line CHO-K1 and its DNA repair deficient derivatives.
09:20 Tea/Coffee Break
09:40 K06.5 CHROMOSOMAL STUDIES OF HUMAN AMNIOTIC
CELLS EXPOSED TO GSM-900: KARYOTYPING AND FISH.
The
possible effects of radiofrequency (RF) exposure on the genetic material of
cells are very important to determine since DNA damage of somatic cells may be
linked to cancer development. The first objective of our studies was to study
the complete R-banded karyotype of cultured human amniotic cells exposed to RF
similar to those emitted by mobile phones of second generation (GSM). Our
second objective was to investigate whether the GSM-exposure may induce
aneuploidy by FISH (Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization) using the same probes as
those used by Mashevich et al. (2003) and Mazor et al. (2008).
10:00 K06.6 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF RADAR TYPE 3 GHZ
MICROWAVE EXPOSURE ON WISTAR RATS
The
aim of this work was to simulate human exposure to high power pulsed microwave
emitted by radars. Navy staff exposure may be occasional, prolonged or
repeated. A special emitting experimental device was developed in order to
reproduce these exposure conditions with an experimental model of adult rat.
Results obtained for 29 days after a single 3 GHz exposure (mean SAR 15 W/kg)
will be presented. At day 30, animals were sacrificed. Parameters related to
central nervous system, haematological and endocrine system were studied. The
condition of rats was followed up by regular body weighing and clinical
check-up.
10:20 K06.7 EPIGENETIC CHANGES ARE INDUCED FOLLOWING
EXPOSURE OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD CELLS TO CW 800MHZ RADIATION
R. Korenstein, R. Mazor, A. Barbul, A. Korenstein-Ilan, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
Genetic
and epigenetic changes are involved in initiation and progression of cancer. We
exposed PBL from volunteers to CW 800MHz radiation at SAR of 2.9 and 4.1 W/kg
for 24 hours (n=5) and 72 hours (n=10). Control experiments were carried out in
the range of 33.5-40C. Epigenetic changes were monitored by analysis of FISH
patterns of centromeres of chromosomes 11 and 17 reflecting alteration in their
replication timing and synchrony. The results demonstrate radiation induced
non-thermal effect on asynchronous replication in both chromosomes following
exposure to the higher SAR level.
10:40 K06.8 BIOMARKERS INDUCING CHANGES DUE TO
MICROWAVE EXPOSURE EFFECT ON RAT BRAIN
K. K. Kesari, S. Kumar, J. Behari, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
Animals
were exposed for 2hr/day for 45 days (power density 0.21 mW/cm2; SAR 0.038
W/Kg). Pineal gland and whole brain tissues were separated for the study of
melatonin, creatine kinase and caspase 3. Result showed a significant decrease
(P<0.05) in melatonin level in exposed group as compared with sham-exposed.
A significant increase (P<0.05) in creatine kinase and caspase 3 was also
observed in exposed group of whole brain as compared with sham exposed. The
study concludes the chronic exposure to these radiations may be an indication of
possible tumor promotion.
11:00 K06.9 INVESTIGATION OF ACUTE OCULAR INJURY
THRESHOLD BY 76 GHZ BAND EXPOSURE IN RABBITS
Acute
ocular injury threshold of 76 GHz millimeter wave (MMW) exposure was
investigated. Rabbits were exposed to 200, 100, 75, 50, 10 mW/cm2 76 GHz MMW
for 6 min with a lens antenna. Corneal opacity, epithelial injury were present
up to 2 days after exposure at a dose of 200 mW/cm2. No ocular changes other
than reversible corneal epithelial injury were seen following exposure at 100,
75 mW/cm2. There were no ocular changes after exposure at doses of 50, 10
mW/cm2. Six-minute exposure to 76 GHz 10 mW/cm2 did not induce any ocular
damage.
11:20 K06.10 AN INVESTIGATION OF THE HEAT TRANSPORT
MECHANISM UNDER THE MILLIMETER-WAVE EXPOSURE CONSIDERING THE CONVECTION IN THE
ANTERIOR CHAMBER OF RABBIT'S EYE
The
experiment exposing the millimeter-waves (MMWs) is performed to investigate the
relation between the temperature elevation at the ocular tissue and MMW
exposure. The temperature and velocity distributions in front part of the eye
are simultaneously measured by using Micro-Encapsulated Thermo-chromic Liquid
Crystal and Fluoroptic Thermometer. It is found that the flowing patterns of
aqueous humor depend on the incident power density, and these patterns affect
the heat transport mechanism.
11:40 End of the Session
AT – Single Electron Tunneling (SET)
Session Chair: P. Banerjee
Session AT
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Thursday, August 18, 11:00-12:00
Room Dolmabahçe C
11:00 AT.1 ELECTRON PUMPS AND RE-DEFINITION OF THE SI
UNIT AMPERE
S. Giblin, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, UK
The
upcoming 2011 general conference on weights and measures (CGPM) will consider a
proposal to re-define the SI unit ampere by assigning a fixed value to the
electron charge e, while simultaneously releasing the permeability of free
space μ0 to become a measured parameter. This review provides the
background to the proposed re-definition and describes research into electron
pumps aimed at supporting it. Particular emphasis is given to recent results on
semiconductor electron pumps, which are currently the most promising candidates
for metrological current standards.
12:00 End of the Session
BJ – Very Large Antenna Arrays for Radio Astronomy
Session Chairs: Amir Zaghloul, William Imbriale
Session BJ
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Thursday, August 18, 13:40-15:40
Room Anadolu Auditorium
13:40 BJ.1 ASKAP: PROGRESS TOWARDS 36 PARABOLIC
REFLECTORS WITH PHASED ARRAY FEEDS
A. P. Chippendale, A. Schinckel, CSIRO, Sydney, NSW, Australia
On
behalf of the ASKAP team, this paper reviews the goals and status of the
Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP). ASKAP demonstrates key
concepts for the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) radio telescope including: phased
array feeds, high performance computing, and a radio quiet site suitable for
the most sensitive radio telescope. ASKAP is being deployed to the Murchison
Radio-astronomy Observatory in Western Australia. Six antennas have been
installed and 30 more will be installed this year. As of February 2011, the
first phased array feed had been assembled and integration with downconversion
and beamforming systems was commencing.
14:00 BJ.2 ARECIBO FOCAL PHASED ARRAY: FEASIBILITY STUDY
AND INSTRUMENT CONCEPT DESIGN
G. Cortes-Medellin, D. B. Campbell, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
We
are developing the next generation instrumentation for the Arecibo
radiotelescope: an L-band focal phased array feed (PAF) with an effective field
of view (FOV) of approx 20 arcmin. As part of this development, we made a
feasibility study to address two issues necessary to implement this technology:
to determine the available FOV of a PAF system with the Arecibo shaped optics,
and the development of a cryogenic concept with the potential of reaching a
receiver temperature of 35K. We are presenting the results of this study and
the system concept design for the Arecibo cryogenic PAF.
14:20 BJ.3 TOWARDS A HIGH SENSITIVITY, CRYOGENIC
PHASED ARRAY FEED ANTENNA FOR THE GREEN BANK TELESCOPE
Efforts
have been underway for the last several years to develop phased array feed
antennas for large reflectors such as the Green Bank Telescope (GBT) as well as
mid-size reflectors for Square Kilometer Array demonstration instruments. We
report on recent work on a cryogenic L-band phased array feed with the goal of
reducing the beam equivalent system noise temperature so that it is competitive
with that of traditional horn type feeds.
14:40 BJ.4 PHOTONIC MILLIMETER-WAVE/MICROWAVE SIGNAL
GENERATION AND TRANSMISSION TECHNIQUES FOR A HIGH-FREQUENCY RADIO
INTERFEROMETER AND A VERY LARGE ANTENNA ARRAY
In
the field of large scale radio interferometers, there is a growing need for the
photonic highly-stable signal generation and distribution system. In order to
maintain signal coherency of the distributed reference-frequency signal, we
have developed a photonic millimeter-wave generator and a photonic transmission
signal phase stabilizer to transmit a reference signal in the form of frequency
difference between two coherent light waves.
15:00 BJ.5 EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS OF THE APERTIF PHASED
ARRAY FEED
W. A. van Cappellen, L. Bakker, T. A. Oosterloo, ASTRON, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
APERTIF
(APERture Tile In Focus) is a Phased Array Feed (PAF) system that is being
developed for the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope (WSRT) to increase its
survey speed with a factor 20. This paper presents an overview of APERTIF and
measurement results that demonstrate the unique capabilities of PAFs in
practice: Wide field of view (scan range), low system temperature, excellent
illumination efficiency, synthesis imaging and a significant reduction of the
reflector feed interaction.
15:20 BJ.6 A MODIFIED MILLS CROSS WITH ELEMENTS
SPACED ONE WAVELENGTH APART
R. H. MacPhie, L. Yuan, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
This
modified Mills Cross uses elements spaced one wavelength apart beginning at one
half wavelength on the positive x-axis and at zero on the negative. In the
y-direction are two subarrays one half wavelength on each side of the y-axis.
On the positive side, elements spaced one wavelength apart begin one half
wavelength above and below the x-axis. On the negative side they begin at y =
0. Two product patterns are formed from the x-axis array and the two
sub-arrays. Their sum equals that of a square array's power pattern.
15:40 End of the Session
C10 – Wireless Communication Technologies for Standardization
Session Chairs: Kenjiro Nishikawa, Naoki Honma
Session C10
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Thursday, August 18, 13:40-15:40
Room Dolmabahçe A
13:40 C10.1 LTE AND LTE-ADVANCED: RADIO TECHNOLOGY
ASPECTS FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS
T. Nakamura, FUJITSU LIMITED, Kawasaki, Japan
The
paper presents history of radio communication technologies for mobile communications
briefly followed by introduction of LTE (Long Term Evolution) or LTE-Advanced
radio technologies. Activities in 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project)
are also touched where latest radio communication standards are developed.
Afterwards as examples of key radio technologies used in LTE or LTE Advanced,
its operating frequency bands and Carrier Aggregation (CA) feature are covered.
Also several promising technologies are explained which will be an essential
element in order to realize coming mobile phone terminals.
14:00 C10.2 WHITE SPACES COMMUNICATIONS IN EUROPE
A. J. Morgado, N. B. Carvalho, IT-Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
Cognitive
Radio Communications and the switch off of analog TV in Europe is creating a
strong and viable solution for testing new approaches to the implementation of
Cognitive Radios in an effective way. In this paper the concept of White Spaces
and specially the approaches that are thought to be developed in Europe will be
studied and analyzed. It is expected that this work will be the basis for more
focus on the white space communication protocols.
14:20 C10.3 COMBINED SIGNAL PROCESSING IN
INFORMATION-MEASURING INTEGRATED SYSTEMS
A. B. Shmelev, Radiotechnical Institute by Academician A.L.Mints, Moscow, Russian Federation
Optimal
joint processing problem in information-measuring systems including several
receivers is considered. Optimization purpose consists in minimization of
common information parameter estimation error at the expense of combined
processing of signals embedded in Gaussian noise. The consideration presented
is based on Markovian approach developed in respect to assigned problem for the
case of linear a priori stochastic equations generating information parameters
under estimation. The integrated systems general structure synthesized includes
units for innovation processes formation, their weight summation and low-pass
filtration. Combined estimation of single information process transmitted via
three different type channels is studied in detail.
14:40 C10.4 RESOURCE ALLOCATION ALGORITHM FOR
HETEROGENEOUS SERVICES IN DECODE-AND-FORWARD OFDM RELAY SYSTEM
This
paper studies the resource allocation problem for heterogeneous services in
decode-and-forward orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system. A
resource allocation algorithm is proposed to maximize the data rate of
non-realtime service (NRTS) while satisfying realtime service (RTS) requirements.
The problem to be solved is decomposed into two sub-problems: power allocation
for RTS and NRTS. The problem of RTS is solved with Lagrangian method. A
two-step method is proposed for NRTS. Simulation results show that the proposed
algorithm has a much better performance than the fixed algorithm and its
complexity is less than the exhaustive algorithm.
15:00 C10.5 NONLINEAR ESTIMATION OF PHASE IN THE
PRESENCE OF PHASE DISTORTIONS
V. A. Potapov, Radiotechnical Institute by Academician A.L.Mints, Moscow, Russian Federation
We
study the phase estimation problem in the presence of white noise and phase
distortions on the basis of the Markovian technique of nonlinear processing of
random fields. The emphasis is on the processing error dependence of the number
of receivers.
15:20 C10.6 BROADBAND CIRCULARLY POLARIZED ANTENNAS
FOR UHF SATCOM
Novel
circularly polarized (CP) antenna configurations derived from Moxon type
antenna (bent dipole element over a ground plane) for broadband UHF SATCOM
applications. A sequence of topologies starting from a single vertical element
to two vertical elements, widened strip arm elements extended to bowtie
structures with bents were investigated. The logic in this evolution was to
obtain highest gain based on Fano-Chu limits, which suggests that in an
electrically small antenna with maximized metallization. Fabricated antennas
coupled to a hybrid coupler yielded excellent bandwidths, low
cross-polarization and low back lobes on the finite ground planes.
15:40 End of the Session
D08 – Nonlinear Optics and Guided Wave Devices
Session Chairs: F. Ömer Ilday, G. Steinmeyer
Session D08
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Thursday, August 18, 13:40-15:40
Room Dolmabahçe B
13:40 D08.1 HIGHER-ORDER KERR EFFECT IN ULTRASHORT
LASER PULSE PROPAGATION AND LASER FILAMENTATION
We
discuss the contribution of the higher-order Kerr effect (HOKE) to the
propagation of ultrashort laser pulses in several contexts. We show that their
consideration is necessary to adequately reproduce experimental data about
harmonics generation, propagation in hollow-core fibers, and laser
filamentation. In the latter case, our results show that the HOKE play a key
role for short pluses and/or long wavelengths, while the plasma contributes
more for long pulses and/or short wavelengths.
14:00 D08.2 OPTICAL ROGUE WAVES AND LOCALIZED
STRUCTURES IN NONLINEAR FIBER OPTICS
We
review our recent work in the field of optical rogue wave physics. Beginning
from a brief survey of the well-known instabilities in optical fiber, we trace
the links to recent developments in studying the emergence of high contrast
localized breather structures in both spontaneous and induced nonlinear
instabilities.
14:20 D08.3 MID-INFRARED NONLINEAR OPTICS IN SILICON
NANOSTRUCTURES
We
report continuous-wave wavelength conversion from the telecom band to the
mid-infrared via four-wave mixing in silicon nanowaveguides. We convert a
1636-nm signal to produce a 2384-nm idler, demonstrating a parametric bandwidth
of 748 nm.
14:40 D08.4 ADVANCES IN QUASI PHASE-MATCHED OPTICAL
FREQUENCY CONVERTERS
Recent
advances in the growth of ferroelectric crystals with low optical losses and
good structural consistency in particular KTiOPO4 and stoichiomethic Mg:LiTaO3
allowed a vast extension of applicability of quasi-phase-matched frequency
converters. In this paper we overview recent advances in structuring these
materials enabling high-energy pulse generation, extremely broadband parametric
gain, and some unique applications in the quasi phase-matched crystals
containing submicron-periodicity 1D structures as well as in 2D-structured
crystals.
15:00 D08.5 MANIPULATING LIGHT BY LIGHT
We
propose and verify a new concept of an all-optical transistor based on
cross-phase modulation between a signal pulse (SP) and a control pulse (CP). An
effective interaction is achieved if the CP is temporally locked to the SP in
an optical event horizon. This enables modification of carrier frequency,
energy, and pulse duration of a SP by a considerably weaker CP.
15:20 D08.6 SIMILARITON GENERATION IN FIBRE OPTIC
AMPLIFIERS AND LASERS
J. D. Harvey, C. Aguergaray, V. Kruglov, Univesity of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
Self
similar solutions of nonlinear partial differential equations have been found
with applications in many areas of Physics. The techniques used to find these
solutions have been recently been applied to develop solutions of the Nonlinear
Schrodinger Equation (NLSE) governing optical pulse propagation, where they are
known as similaritons. This talk will discuss not only the well known parabolic
and hyperbolic similaritons but also self similar solutions appropriate to
amplifiers with gain saturation, together with their applications in high power
amplifiers, and similariton lasers.
15:40 End of the Session
E08 – Surveys of the Electromagnetic Environment
Session Chairs: Frank Leferink, Mark Bentum
Session E08
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Thursday, August 18, 13:40-15:20
Room Galata
13:40 E08.1 SOUTH AFRICAN SKA DEMONSTRATOR SYSTEMS:
EVOLVING RFI MITIGATION INVESTIGATIONS
The
South African SKA demonstrator is founded on the Karoo Array Telescope (KAT). A
holistic approach to radio frequency interference (RFI) mitigation has been
adopted from the outset. We describe our groups contribution to this evolving
effort. We consider the RFI beginning from the 100 km powerlines, through to
the site base equipment and continue right up to the KAT-7 telescopes. A site
survey was conducted with systems initially deactivated and then individually
switched on to determine signature characteristics. More detailed studies
include analysis of telescope pedestal shielding interfaces and cable transfer
impedance.
14:00 E08.2 LOW FREQUENCY ASTRONOMY THE CHALLENGE IN A
CROWDED RFI ENVIRONMENT
Low
frequency radio astronomy is a hot topic at the moment. Many large arrays of
antennas are built to facilitate the astronomical research on low frequencies.
Building an instrument for the frequency band below 30 MHz on Earth will run
into some problems. One of the issues is the instable and sometimes even opaque
ionosphere at low frequencies. Another issue is man-made RFI at low frequencies.
In this paper we will address the later one. An overview will be given of
propagation models at lower frequencies; we will present measurements and will
summarize the impact of RFI .
14:20 E08.3 ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCES FROM
ELECTRIC/HYBRID VEHICLES
F. Silva, M. Aragon, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
Using
high-power electronics to drive the electrical engines of the new electric and
hybrid vehicles produces high-level low-frequency EMI. In hybrid cars, this new
emission is added to the ignition system one. In this paper, some EMI
measurements including current, near and far electric and magnetic field in
three different vehicles are presented. Some issues in the standards and tests
setups must be updated: cars cannot be measured in idle state, new LISNs must
be used in the high-power network, magnetic field evaluation for safety is
mandatory in some vehicles or to consider radiated transient measurements.
14:40 E08.4 INTERACTION OF A MW AM BROADCAST
TRANSMITTER WITH A LARGE CRANE AND THE ANALYSIS OF THE WORKERS SAFETY
F. Ustuner, TUBÝTAK BÝLGEM UEKAE, Kocaeli, Turkey
During
the construction phase of a wind power plant in Turkey, an electromagnetic
interaction was observed with a large crane and an AM broadcast transmitter.
The interaction resulted in large current levels which poses health hazards to
the workers. Initial grounding measures were not sufficient. In order to
quantify the current levels, to assess the degree of the hazard and to find a
practical remedy to the problem, the phenomenon is modeled and different cases
with different worker configurations are analyzed. The analysis results
emphasize the importance of the insulation and local grounding.
15:00 E08.5 STUDY OF EQLS IN LIMA, DURING THE 2007
PISCO, PERU EARTHQUAKE AND POSSIBLE EXPLANATIONS
J. A. Heraud, J. A. Lira, Pontificia Universidd Catolica del Peru, Peru, Peru
The
Mw8.0 earthquake of 2007 in Peru, produced EQLs, observed , 150 km from the
epicenter. Video from a camera was used to study luminous activity, highly
correlated with the earthquake. Additional videos and accelerometer data was
used. The video was analyzed for color and intensity information which time
correlates well with ground acceleration. Qualified witnesses reports were used
to create images showing lights on hill tops and islands near the coast, whith
inexistent electrical man made activity. Possible explanations are discussed:
local electric charge migration and radon gas. Two videos showing complete
earthquake lights will be presented
15:20 End of the Session
FT – Remote Sensing, Systems and Applications: Present and Future
Session Chair: Madhu Chandra
Session FT
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Thursday, August 18, 13:40-14:40
Room Haliç
13:40 FT.1 THE MISSIONS TERRASAR-X AND TANDEM-X:
STATUS, CHALLENGES, FUTURE PERSPECTIVES
S. Buckreuss, M. Zink, German Aerospace Center, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
The
advent of SAR (synthetic aperture radar) marks a major milestone in the field
of radar remote sensing. The application of aerospace SAR systems has opened up
diverse applications in the observation of Earth and its environment. Likewise,
the SAR method has prompted phenomenal developments in the area of radar signal
processing and radar-system design. In this tutorial talk, the state of the art
developments in the field will be presented.
14:40 End of the Session
G08 – Open Session and Latest Results II
Session Chairs: Paul Cannon, Michael Rietveld
Session G08
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Thursday, August 18, 13:40-15:40
Room Dolmabahçe C
13:40 G08.1 UNDERDENSE, OVERDENSE, AND BRAGG
SCATTERING IN RADAR METEORS
J. D. Mathews, Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States
Many
models have been proposed to interpret the radar scattering represented in
radar meteor head- and trail-echoes. These models often invoke the concepts of
overdense versus underdense (relative to plasma frequency) scattering and of
Bragg scattering or filtering in describing details of the scattering
structure. We argue that, while appropriate to incoherent scattering, Bragg
scattering is of limited use in interpretation of radar meteors. We also
present a stricter definition of underdense versus overdense scattering in
terms of the net scattered E-field in the plasma relative to the incident
E-field. We give modeling examples supporting this approach.
14:00 G08.2 ON THE POSSIBLE EFFECT OF SIGNAL PROCESSING
IN THE METEOR-HEAD RADAR REFLECTIONS FROM JICAMARCA
We
report the analysis of a peculiar signature present in Signal to Noise Ratio
plots from meteor-head radar returns. These reflections were collected with the
High-Power Large-Aperture radar at Jicamarca in Lima, Peru. The signature
appears to be systematic, being caused by the combined effect of meteor-head
properties and signal processing in the radar receiver. We describe a model to
support this hypothesis. Our studies reveal that at least 15% of the meteor population
exhibit this signature. Therefore, the understanding of this feature is
critical to differentiate them from actual physical processes present in meteor
returns.
14:20 G08.3 BRAMS: THE BELGIAN RADIO METEOR STATIONS
BRAMS
(Belgian RAdio Meteor Stations) is a new facility currently developed in
Belgium to detect and study meteors with radio forward scattering techniques.
The transmitter is a dedicated beacon and 25 receiving stations (including one
interferometer) are spread all over Belgium. The characteristics of BRAMS and
the scientific goals of the project will be discussed. Preliminary results for
the automatic detection and counting of meteor echoes will be presented as well
as initial results obtained with the interferometer. The methods planned to
calculate meteoroid flux densities and trajectories of individual meteoroids will
be discussed.
14:40 G08.4 FIRST VLF DETECTIONS OF IONOSPHERIC
DISTURBANCES DUE TO SOFT GAMMA RAY REPEATER SGR J1550-5418
We
report the detection of sudden ionospheric disturbances (SIDs) due to a Soft
Gamma Ray Repeater (SGR) SGR J1550-5418. This detection was made with receiving
stations of Indian Centre for Space Physics which were monitoring Very Low
Frequency signals (VLFs) from the VTX transmitter located near the southern tip
of Indian sub-continent. This positive detections add to the list of a handful
of similar detections of other GRBs and SGRs throughout the world.
15:00 G08.5 EQUATORIAL TRAVELLING IONOSPHERIC
DISTURBANCES (TIDS) COMPARED WITH MIDLATITUDE TIDS.
A
spaced radio experiment for measuring the motions of F-region TIDs has been
operated in Brazil since March 2010. The location is near the easternmost tip
of Brazil at 7 deg. south latitude or about -11 deg. geomagnetic lat. These are
the first systematic measurements of TIDs near the equator. The results are
notably different from similar measurements at midlatitudes. It was originally
expected that the TIDs in Brazil might be associated with weather disturbances
in the Amazon region. However, the measurements do not seem to point to this or
to any other obvious source during these measurements.
15:20 G08.6 OBSERVATIONS OF TRAVELING IONOSPHERIC
DISTURBANCES ASSOCIATED WITH GEOMAGNETIC STORMS.
Z. T. Katamzi, L.-A. McKinnell, Hermanus Magnetic Observatory, HERMANUS, South Africa
Although
TIDs have been observed for many years, most of the studies have been conducted
in the Northern Hemisphere largely due to data limitation in the Southern Hemisphere.
Therefore TID observations over the Southern Hemisphere will provide additional
and complementary information on the characteristics of these structures. For
this goal, studies of TIDs observed using at least three ionosondes in South
Africa during and after several geomagnetic storms in 2005, 2006, 2010 and 2011
are presented. The ionosonde observations from the 2011 geomagnetic storms are
further compared to HF Doppler Radar measurements.
15:40 End of the Session
GHE1 – Lightning Induced Effects in the Ionosphere and Magnetosphere, I
Session Chairs: Martin Fullekrug, Victor Pasko, Farhad Rachidi
Session GHE1
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Thursday, August 18, 13:40-15:40
Room Topkapi A
13:40 GHE1.1 DETAILED OBSERVATIONS OF LIGHTNING FLASHES
AND PROCESSES ASSOCIATED WITH TERRESTRIAL GAMMA RAY FLASHES
We
describe recent coordinated observations of lightning and terrestrial gamma ray
flashes (TGFs) that provide new insight into the detailed processes that
generate this thunderstorm-driven high-energy radiation. These observations
include lightning mapping array measurements of the structure and development
of a lightning flash that produced a TGF, and high time resolution observations
of the specific lightning processes associated with three TGFs.
14:00 GHE1.2 TERRESTRIAL GAMMA-RAY FLASH INTENSITY
DISTRIBUTION
The
most probable source lightning discharges associated with TGFs detected by
RHESSI are determined from WWLLN data. Of the 972 TGFs considered, matches were
found for 93 events. For these the causative lightning was found to occur at
distances between 51 and 769 km, with a mean distance of 314 km. The average
delay between the matched WWLLN events and the corresponding TGFs was found to
be Δt = -0.773 s, indicating that the TGFs preceded the lightning peak
power. The distribution of matched TGFs indicates that WWLLN is more likely to
identify lightning strokes associated with weaker TGFs.
14:20 GHE1.3 CONFINING THE ANGULAR DISTRIBUTION OF TGF
EMISSION.
We
present the first constraints on the TGF emission cone, based on accurately
geolocated TGFs. The distribution of the observation angles for 106 TGFs are
compared to Monte Carlo simulations. We find that TGF emissions within an
isotropic half angle >30deg can generate the observations. In addition, 36
events are used for spectral analysis. The result is a significant softening of
the TGF energy spectrum for large observation angles, which is consistent with
a TGF emission half angle <40deg. The constraints 30-40deg indicates that
the electrons which produce TGFs are accelerated in nearly vertical electric
fields.
14:40 GHE1.4 THE FREQUENCY OF TERRESTRIAL GAMMA-RAY
FLASH ELECTRON BEAM OBSERVATIONS
B. E. Carlson, T. Gjesteland, N. Ostgaard, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Terrestrial
gamma-ray flashes (TGFs) are brief bursts of gamma-rays detected by satellites.
Electrons associated with TGFs are also sometimes observed, though much less
frequently as electrons are confined into narrow beams by the geomagnetic
field. We present simulations of electron beam production and propagation and
estimate the likelihood of satellite detection of electron beams. A Monte Carlo
average comparing satellite detection frequencies indicates that electron beams
overall account for ~1% of TGF observations though the average likelihood of
detection varies strongly with source latitude.
15:00 GHE1.5 TARANIS - SCIENTIFIC PAYLOAD AND MISSION
STRATEGY
On
December 2010 the implementation phase of the TARANIS micro-satellite was
authorized by the French space agency. TARANIS is dedicated to the study of
impulsive transfers of energy between the Earth atmosphere and the space
environment, and more precisely to the physics of the Transient Luminous Events
(TLEs) and of the Terrestrial Gamma ray Flashes (TGFs). By 2015 TARANIS will
provide combined Nadir observations of TLEs and TGFs, high resolution
measurements of energetic electrons, and wave field measurements. The strategy
adopted to maximize the scientific return of the data is presented.
15:20 GHE1.6 EARLY VLF EVENTS. A LOWER IONOSPHERE VLF
PROPAGATION SIGNATURE COINCIDENT WITH SPRITES
C. Haldoupis, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
Early
VLF events are unique VLF propagation signatures associated with ionospheric
D-region perturbations caused by tropospheric lightning. The presentation
summarizes findings which establish a cause for the Early VLF phenomenon.
Following a brief introduction on the topic, convincing evidence is presented
showing that sprites are accompanied by Early VLF perturbations in a one-to-one
correspondence. This implies that sprite generation is also capable of
producing always electron density increases in the D-region which cause VLF
scattering and Early VLF events. Some consequences of the results will be
emphasized and hints for further research will be discussed.
15:40 End of the Session
HG4 – Active Experiments in the Ionosphere and Magnetosphere II
Session Chairs: Bo Thidé, Keith Groves
Session HG4
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Thursday, August 18, 13:40-15:40
Room Topkapi B
13:40 HG4.1 ELECTRON ACCELERATION AND IONIZATION
PRODUCTION IN HIGH-POWER HEATING EXPERIMENTS AT HAARP
E. Mishin, Air Force Research Laboratory, Hanscom AFB, MA, United States
Recent
experiments at HAARP led to discovery of artificial ionization descending from
the nominal interaction altitude in the background F‐region
ionosphere by 60 km. We present a physical model of an ionizing wavefront
(Mishin and Pedersen, GRL, 2011). The artificial plasma sustaining interaction
with the transmitted HF beam is created via enhanced ionization by suprathermal
electrons accelerated by the HF‐excited plasma
turbulence near the critical altitude. As soon as the interaction region is
ionized, it shifts toward the upward‐propagating HF beam,
thereby creating an ionizing wavefront, which resembles the observed descending
artificial ionospheric layers.
14:00 HG4.2 HF PROPAGATION CHARACTERISTICS OF
ARTIFICIAL IONOSPHERIC LAYERS
We
analyze remote oblique ionosonde echoes from artificial ionospheric layers
produced by high-power HF heating and find the remote echoes to be
qualitatively similar to direct echoes received at the transmitter site, for
several different locations of the artificial structure. The artificial layers
can have higher critical frequencies and maximum useable frequencies (MUF) than
the background ionosphere, and echo amplitudes can be significantly stronger
even accounting for the difference in propagation path lengths.
14:20 HG4.3 DOWNWARD PROPAGATING IONIZATION STRUCTURES
OBSERVED BY UHF RADAR SCATTERING OF HF-ENHANCED ION-LINES AT THE HAARP
IONOSPHERIC-MODIFICATION FACILITY
B. Watkins, C. Fallen, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States
The
MUIR UHF radar at the HAARP ionospheric modification facility has been operated
in a number of experiments where the HF-enhanced ion-line has been used to
monitor the ionospheric density variations. The altitude of the enhanced
ion-line signals moves downward in response to increasing electron density
variations that result from temperature-dependent ion chemistry, and for the
special gyro-resonant case additional ionization is produced due to local
electron acceleration near the altitude of the ion-line signals. The
characteristics of these signals and their relation to optical emissions and
model results will be presented.
14:40 HG4.4 AN ANALYSIS OF PUMP-INDUCED ARTIFICIAL
IONOSPHERIC ION UPWELLING AT EISCAT
Ion
outflow from the high-latitude ionosphere is an important source of plasma for
the magnetosphere. Pumping the ionosphere with high-power high-frequency radio
waves causes electron heating, sometimes accompanied by ion upwelling. The
pump-enhanced electron temperatures reached ~4000 K above 350 km, and ion
velocity reached ~300 m/s above 500 km altitude. Between 450 and 600 km the
electron pressure gradient correlates equally with ion acceleration and ion
velocity, which represents the transition altitude to free ion acceleration.
The electron gas pressure gradient can explain ion upwelling, at least up to
600 km altitude.
15:00 HG4.5 GPS-TEC VARIATIONS, GENERATED IN
MIDLATITUDE AND HIGHLATITUDE IONOSPHERE BY POWERFUL HF-HEATING
In
this work we report on the results of the ionospheric heating experiments,
which were carried out at the Sura (Russia) and EISCAT/Heating (Norway)
facilities during several heating campaigns in 2009 and 2010. We present
experimental evidences for the influence of the electron density perturbations,
induced by HF-heating in the midlatitude and highlatitude ionosphere, on the
GNSS radio signals. Variations in the total electron content (TEC),
proportional to the reduced phases of navigational signals, were studied.
Examples of the identification of the heating-induced variations in TEC,
including determination of the amplitudes and temporal characteristics are presented.
15:20 HG4.6 THE EISCAT HIGH POWER HF RADAR CAPABILITY
The
EISCAT HF facility (ionospheric heater) near Tromso, Norway, has been upgraded
to function as a radar. One antenna array has been converted for receiving use,
covering 5.5-8 MHz. With the new HF receiver the facility is capable of
operating simultaneously as a heater and a radar. The experiments to be
performed are probing of the mesosphere and ionosphere using the artificial
periodic irregularity (API) technique where the facility is used both as heater
and as a radar, mesospheric sounding while actively modulating polar
mesospheric summer echoes (PMSE), and sounding the magnetosphere for coherent
echoes associated with aurora.
15:40 End of the Session
J08 – Spectrum Management Issues and RFI Mitigation
Session Chair: Anastasios Tzioumis
Session J08
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Thursday, August 18, 13:40-15:20
Room Marmara
13:40 J08.1 IUCAF ACTIVITY IN 2008 - 2011
M. Ohishi, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Tokyo, Japan
IUCAF
activity between 2008 and 2011 is reported. IUCAF members actively participate
in relevant studies conducted in the International Telecommunication Union
towards protection of radio astronomy, Earth observations, and other passive
radio sciences. IUCAF members also attended to and presented papers in
international, regional, and national URSI and COSPAR meetings. IUCAF held the
3rd Summer School on Spectrum Management in Tokyo, Japan.
14:00 J08.2 RADIO ASTRONOMY AT THE WORLD
RADIOCOMMUNICATION CONFERENCE 2012
T. E. Gergely, National Science Foundation, Arlington, VA, United States
World
Radiocommunication Conferences revise the Radio Regulations. The next WRC, to
be held in January, 2012, will deal with some items of interest to the radio
astronomy community, e.g. the revision of footnote 5.565 that deals with
spectrum uses above 275 GHz. Other agenda items that deal with allocations of
certain bands to active services are also of interest, as these may result in
increased interference into radio astronomy bands unless mitigated by
regulatory measures. I discuss the agenda items of interest to the radio
astronomy community and what action can be expected on these at the WRC.
14:20 J08.3 RFI MITIGATION IN RADIO ASTRONOMY
W. A. Baan, ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Dwingeloo, Netherlands
Changing
observing strategies and the increased sensitivity of radio astronomy
observatories have made radio frequency interference an important operational
factor. All interference entering the data will result in data loss and
observing inefficiency. This paper presents the mitigation methods to be
implemented in observational systems to combat interference and to reduce its
impact.
14:40 J08.4 INTERFERENCE DETECTION RESULTS WITH LOFAR
The
AOFlagger interference detection strategy, a completely automated pipeline, was
extensively tested on LOFAR data, and it was shown that it is faster and more
accurate than other existing flaggers on LOFAR data. Early results of the epoch
of reionisation (EoR) project confirm the performance and stability of the
AOFlagger. Statistics of the first LOFAR EoR data show a relatively benign
radio environment for astronomy, where only a few per cent of the data is
flagged due to interference. An interference monitoring observation was
recorded to make an inventory on the current interference situation of LOFAR.
15:00 J08.5 RADIO QUIET ZONES AND THE SQUARE KILOMETRE
ARRAY
W. van Driel, Paris Observatory, Meudon, France
The
goal of the Square Kilometre Array is to increase the sensitivity of radio
telescopes a hundred-fold in the frequency range of ~70 MHz to 10 GHz. In order
to exploit its tremendous scientific capabilities it should be made as robust
as possible against Radio Frequency Interference (RFI). An essential step is
the establishment of a Radio Quiet Zone, in which regulatory and other
legislative measures will ensure acceptable levels of unwanted emissions. An
overview will be given of the principles underlying the establishment of Radio
Quiet Zones in general, and their application to the Square Kilometre Array
case.
15:20 End of the Session
K07 – Biomedical Applications: Imaging and Brain Mapping
Session Chairs: Frank Prato, Shoogo Ueno
Session K07
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Thursday, August 18, 13:40-15:40
Room Loft
13:40 K07.1 RECENT ADVANCES IN TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC
STIMULATION: FROM FIRST PRINCIPLES TO MEDICAL APPLICATIONS
S. Ueno, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
Transcranial
magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a tool to stimulate the brain transcranially by a
coil positioned on the surface of the head. By using a figure-eight coil,
localized area of the brain can be stimulated, which enables us to study
dynamic neuronal connectivity in the brain non-invasively. The EEG measurements
just after TMS reveal the dynamic propagation of exciting fronts in the human
brain. This paper reviews the principles of magnetic stimulation of nerve
tissues and brain, and discusses the usefulness and problems of the TMS for
cognitive science and treatments of brain diseases such as depression.
14:00 K07.2 IMAGING CONDUCTIVITY USING ELECTRIC
PROPERTIES TOMOGRAPHY INITIAL CLINICAL RESULTS IN GLIOMA PATIENTS
T. Voigt, Philips Research, London, United Kingdom
This
work shows that conductivity distributions can be reconstructed from phase
images of the RF transmit field obtained in standard magnetic resonance
imaging. Three-dimensional in vivo conductivity maps of the human brain are
obtained in 6 min with 1.8 mm in-plane resolution. We report first practical
experiences of conductivity imaging in patients with brain glioma in a real-world
clinical environment. In vivo conductivity of glioma is measured for two
patients and quantitative values are compared with white matter conductivities
of healthy volunteers. Glioma conductivity was found to be significantly higher
than healthy white matter conductivity.
14:20 K07.3 SIMULTANEOUS EEG/EMG/FMRI: A POWERFUL
HYBRID-IMAGING WINDOW ON BRAIN ACTIVATION PATTERNS DURING AND FOLLOWING
TIME-VARYING MAGNETIC STIMULI
Bioelectromagnetics
is a rapidly expanding research domain investing the interaction between
electromagnetic stimuli and biological systems. Hybrid functional imaging is a
growing domain with promising developments, opening new multidimensional
windows on brain processing. Our group started to use functional Magnetic
Resonance Imaging (fMRI) in counter-balanced blinded studies to investigate the
effects of magnetic field exposure on brain activation in specific tasks.
Results showed modulations of task-induced brain activation associated with
exposure, suggesting increased haptic sensitivity. We are now proceeding to the
next step by integrating electroencephalography, electromyography and fMRI to
study exposure levels generating magnetophosphenes in healthy volunteers.
14:40 K07.4 ULTRA-LOW-FIELD MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
COMBINED WITH MAGNETOENCEPHALOGRAPHY
Human
brain activity can be monitored with magnetoencephalography (MEG) by measuring
the femtotesla-level extracerebral magnetic fields with SQUID magnetometers. On
the other hand, the structure of the brain can be determined with magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI), where the fields may be 15 orders of magnitude higher,
ruling out simultaneous MEG. Recently, simultaneous MRI and MEG has been
demonstrated: the trick is prepolarization at about 0.1 tesla and MRI at about
0.1 mT. A hybrid multichannel helmet-shaped MEG-MRI device under development,
which will be capable of simultaneous ultra-low-field MRI and MEG, will be
described.
15:00 K07.5 HYBRID BRAIN IMAGING WITH MRI/PET
Hybrid
imaging and mapping of the brain has been a growing area. This has been driven
by: a) the complimentary information provided by different technologies and b)
the growing awareness that functional, metabolic and molecular events often
occur in times too short to be captured by sequential imaging by different
modalities. To address these needs Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) have been integrated into one platform. To
achieve this PET technology had to be significantly modified and MR technology
appropriately adapted. The technical challenges that have been met and the
future benefits anticipated will be presented.
15:20 K07.6 ADVANCES IN NEURO DIAGNOSTICS BASED ON
MICROWAVE TECHNOLOGY, TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION AND EEG SOURCE
LOCALIZATION
Advances
in neuro diagnostics based on microwave technology, transcranial magnetic
stimulation and EEG source localization is presented. The first example is
neuro diagnostics based on a microwave antenna system in terms of a helmet
including a set of broad band patch antennas. It is demonstrated that classification
algorithms can be used to detect internal bleeding in stroke patients. The
second example deals with transcranial magnetic stimulation, with the help of
integrated image guidance. The third example is deals with
electroencephalography and the associated model based diagnostics as a
non-invasive tool.
15:40 End of the Session
F08 – System Aspects: Antennas, Calibration, and Interference
Session Chairs: Saul Torrico, Madhu Chandra
Session F08
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Thursday, August 18, 14:40-15:40
Room Haliç
14:40 F08.1 PARABOLIC TORUS REFLECTOR ANTENNA WITH
ASYMMETRIC MULTIPLE BEAMS
This
paper describes the preliminary design and construction of a development model
of antennas proposed to be installed on satellites as microwave radiometers
(MWR, Microwave Water Radiometer), at K and Ka bands. These instruments will be
dedicated to study the global water cycle while analyzing geophysical
parameters. Several antennas have been studied between the 23.8 GHz and 36.5
GHz frequencies to obtain a design which fulfills the technical requirements.
An optimal result was obtained with multiple beam torus reflector antennas with
an asymmetric feed array. The measured results are shown.
15:00 F08.2 ELECTROMAGNETIC ANALYSIS OF RADIOMETER
CALIBRATION TARGETS USING FINITE DIFFERENCE TIME DOMAIN METHOD
Precise
calibration of radiometers for many Earth remote sensing applications require
knowledge of the brightness temperature when viewing a calibration target to
within a precision of 100 mK or better. The targets are typically periodic
arrays of wedges or pyramids constructed of a thermally-conductive substrate
coated with a thin layer of microwave absorbing material. To study calibration
target emission a general three dimensional FDTD engine was developed. The
performance of calibration target configurations of varying coating thickness,
base width, height and base to height ratio is examined. Results important for
radiometer calibration obtained from this work will be presented
15:20 F08.3 INCREASING OF THE EFFICIENCY OF
INTERFERENCE SUPPRESSION IN MM-BAND DOPPLER RADARS
The
statistical characteristics of terrain clutters backscattering in mm-band are
presented. It is shown that the signals, reflected from deciduous trees are
nonstationary in most cases. This phenomenon is due to high spatial resolution
of mm-band radars. The influence of signal, reflected from vegetation, on MTI
systems operation is analyzed.
15:40 End of the Session
Session Chairs: William Davis, Ozlem Kilic
Session AB3
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Friday, August 19, 08:00-10:40
Room Dolmabahçe C
08:00 AB3.1 CORRUGATED DUAL BAND WAVEGUIDE AND EM
SIGNAL GENERATORS AN OVERVIEW FOR FUTURE SATELLITE COMMUNICATION POSSIBILITIES
We
present an overview of work carried out to design, manufacture and test a
corrugated waveguide section for a feedhorn, suitable for a reflector antenna
to receive digital satellite television. A system has been designed to carry
circularly polarized waves in a two concentric waveguide system. Waveguide
transitions are also designed, constructed and tested in linear polarization to
permit the testing of the corrugated section. Initial results show that the
signal generators measured performance is comparable to simulation results.
08:20 AB3.2 ANALYSING OF THE FEED LINE AND THE SHROUD
EFFECTS ON A REFLECTOR ANTENNA PERFORMANCE
M. E. Grcan, E. Baþaran, B. Tretken, TBÝTAK BÝLGEM UEKAE, Kocaeli, Turkey
If
the design of the reflector antenna is made without considering the
implemantation stage, high gain, low sidelobe and backlobe level criterions can
not be provided. To manage this performance reduction, some improvements should
be added to the design in the theoretical design stage. This paper propose two
analysis for increasing the performance of the reflector antenna. The first
analysis is choosing the feedline mechanism and the second one is the effect of
shroud usage. These analysis are made for an X-band waveguide fed prime focus
reflector antenna. Numerical results and chosen design configuration are also
presented.
08:40 AB3.3 A NEW REFLECTOR ANTENNA DESIGN PROVIDING
TWO DIFFERENT PATTERNS
This
work is proposed to design a reflector antenna that provides both fan beam and
cosecant squared pattern by using a FSS. For the simulation and optimization of
the antenna, high frequency simulation software (HFSS) and SUPERNEC antenna
simulation programs are used.
09:00 AB3.4 INVESTIGATIONS INTO HEM12δ MODE
RADIATING FROM A CYLINDRICAL DIELECTRIC RESONATOR ANTENNA
There
are many resonant modes are known in a cylindrical dielectric resonator (CDR),
where only two could be used for antenna or radiation purpose. The HEM12δ
mode other than those (HEM11δ and TM01δ) conventionally excited and
used in a cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna (CDRA) has been examined
with a view to using it as a new radiating mode using an innovative technique.
In this paper a complete study is given about the possibilities of using this
HEM12δ mode as a radiating mode and its limitations.
09:20 Tea/Coffee Break
09:40 AB3.5 A COMPARISON OF A FINITE AND AN INFINITE
ANTENNA ARRAY WITH CYLINDRICAL DIELECTRIC RESONATOR ELEMENTS
A. Motevasselian, A. Ellgardt, B. L. G. Jonsson, KTH, Stockholm, Sweden
In
this paper we compare radiation patterns and mutual coupling in finite and
infinite arrays of dielectric resonator antenna. It is observed that the degree
of the mutual coupling for non-edge elements is close to the mutual coupling
between the corresponding elements in the infinite array. However, a large
difference is observed in the mutual coupling between the center element and
corner elements in the finite array with respect to the corresponding elements
in the infinite array. The coupling is strongest in the E-plane and it is shown
how it changes the embedded element patterns in the array.
10:00 AB3.6 SOME CONSIDERATIONS OF AN ANTENNA IN A
HIGH GAIN CONFIGURATION
S. Weiss, US Army Research Lab, Adelphi, MD, United States
Planar
antenna structures may be configured to realize high gain with appropriate
layering including a Superstrate layer of high permittivity. Such antennas were
first understood in terms of transmission line theory optimizing gain using a
quarter-wave transformer argument. When an actual antenna is constructed, the
planar surface can significantly affect the high gain calculations. The high
gain of the antenna must then be reconciled with the fundamental concept of
aperture size versus directivity.
10:20 AB3.7 MEASUREMENT OF BALANCED ANTENNAS USING
MIXED-MODE NETWORK PARAMETERS
N. Yang, C. Caloz, K. Wu, Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal, Montreal, Canada
Balanced
antennas are conventionally measured using probe-integrated or external baluns
between the unbalanced port of instrument and their balanced ports. This paper
proposes a new measurement method based on mixed-mode parameters to
experimentally characterize balanced antennas. With this method, the balanced
antenna is measured as a single-ended two-port device and the need for baluns
is suppressed, which increases the accuracy, enhances the frequency range, and
reduces the cost and complexity of the measurement setup.
10:40 End of the Session
Session Chair: Timor Melamed
Session B10
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Friday, August 19, 08:00-10:20
Room Anadolu Auditorium
08:00 B10.1 TRANSIENT PLANE-WAVE DECOMPOSITION OF
REFLECTED TE GAUSSIAN-BEAM FROM MOVING DIELECTRIC-MAGNETIC PLANAR INTERFACE
T. Melamed, I. Adar, B. Shetzer, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
This
paper is concerned with applying transient plane-wave decomposition for
scattering of a pulsed-beam from a fast moving planar dielectric discontinuity
under the frame work of Special Relativity.
08:20 B10.2 ERROR ANALYSIS OF THE GAUSSIAN BEAM
SUMMATION METHOD FOR ULTRA WIDE-BAND RADIATION IN INHOMOGENEOUS MEDIUM
Y. Kaganovsky, E. Heyman, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
We
address issues related to the accuracy of the beam summation method (BSM) for
ultra wide-band radiation in inhomogeneous medium. In the BSM, the field is
expanded using a lattice of beam propagators that are tracked locally in the
medium. As a test bed for the accuracy of the BSM, we derive a solution for a
beam in a general plane stratified medium which is valid beyond the paraxial
regime. We then use it to derive bounds on the error away from the beam axis,
and to obtain rules for optimizing the choice of the parameters in the BSM.
08:40 B10.3 FIELD EXPANSIONS IN TERMS OF CONICAL AND
LOCALIZED BEAMS
M. Casaletti, E. Martini, S. Maci, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
This
paper compares some methods for computing aperture radiated fields by means of
localized and conical (non localized) beams. All types of beams can be
generated in a simple way starting from the spectral-domain radiation integral,
by expanding the aperture electric field spectrum in a sum of complex
exponentials using the Generalised Pencil-of-Function (GPOF) method. This
operation provides a closed-form representation of the radiation integral. Two
different beam expansions are derived from the same spectral GPOF process,
which possess different properties with respect to the number of beams required
to get a certain accuracy.
09:00 B10.4 GAUSSIAN-BEAM TRANSMISSION FORMULA
T. Hansen, Seknion Inc, Boston, MA, United States
An
exact Gaussian-beam transmission formula is presented for the output of a
receiving transducer due to the field of a transmitting transducer. The field
of the transmitting transducer is expressed in terms of a Gaussian-beam
transmitting characteristic and Gaussian beams propagating in all directions.
The output of the receiving transducer is expressed in terms of a Gaussian-beam
receiving characteristic and the output of Gaussian-beam receivers. The
branch-cut disks for both transmission and reception are centered at the
reference point of the transducer. The transmission formula provides an
efficient way of computing near-field interactions.
09:20 Tea/Coffee Break
09:40 B10.5 PRACTICAL REALIZATION OF A MICROWAVE
BESSEL BEAM LAUNCHER
An
experimental setup is realized to practically generate Bessel beams in the
microwave regime. The setup, which consists of a series of circular loop
antennas inserted coaxially inside a circular metallic waveguide, excites the
waveguides transverse-electric modes such that their superposition forms a
Bessel beam at the open-end of the waveguide. The excitation currents are
calculated from the needed excitation coefficients of each guided mode, which,
in turn, are calculated from the modal decomposition of the beam. The
efficiency of the setup is evaluated and the obtained experimental results are
compared to the theoretical estimates.
10:00 B10.6 CIRCULAR ANTENNA ARRAY FOR MICROWAVE
BESSEL BEAM GENERATION
A
circular antenna array (CAA) is proposed and demonstrated for the generation of
optimal pseudo-Bessel beams at millimeter-wave frequencies. Numerical
simulations show that a 91-element array produces a Bessel beam of a 7 lambda
main lobe width over a distance of 180 lambda. Based on this report, it is suggested
that Bessel beams may provide a unique solution to millimeter-wave
quasi-optical systems by providing highly focused beams with small-sized
antennas.
10:20 End of the Session
C11 – Power Amplifier Considerations for Software Radio Systems
Session Chair: Yves Louët
Session C11
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Friday, August 19, 08:00-10:40
Room Dolmabahçe A
08:00 C11.1 JOINT SPECTRUM ACCESS SCHEME FOR PEAK
POWER CONTROL IN COGNITIVE RADIOS
S. Hussain, NUST, Rawalpindi, Pakistan; Y. Louet, J. Palicot, SUPELEC, Rennes, France
High
Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) causes signal distortions at PA stage. This
phenomenon is studied in Cognitive Radio context where secondary users access
the free spectrum in order to transmit data as well as specifically optimized
carriers in order to tackle the high PAPR problem.
08:20 C11.2 BEHAVIOURAL ANALYSIS OF WIRELESS OFDM
SIGNAL AMPLIFICATION THROUGH NONLINEAR POWER AMPLIFIERS
M. S. O'Droma, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Y. Lei, Peking University, Beijing, China
Four
signal representation approaches are combined with a Bessel-Fourier PA envelope
behavioural model of a GaN memoryless nonlinear power amplifier (PA) to reveal
insights into the nonlinear amplification of multicarrier OFDM signals.
Isolating and analyzing different orders of intermodulation product (IMP)
impairment, the impact of higher order IMPs on ACPR degradation in the second
and higher adjacent channel bands and how that is the determining factor for
the PAs upper limit operating point and power conversion efficiency, rather
than the ACPR in the first adjacent band or the inband EVM degradation, may be
shown.
08:40 C11.3 ON THE LINKS BETWEEN PEAK TO AVERAGE POWER
RATIO FOR CONVENTIONAL RF POWER AMPLIFIERS AND PEAK TO AVERAGE DURATION RATIO
FOR SWITCHING MODE POWER AMPLIFIERS
For
conventional RF power amplifier (PA), the power efficiency depends on the peak
to average power ratio (PAPR) of the input signal, or more precisely on the
statistical distribution of the input signal amplitude. In this paper we show
that, in a similar way, the power efficiency of switching mode PA driven by
ΣΔ or PWM signals depends on the statistical distribution of input
signal the states and on a parameter equal to the Peak to Average Duration
Ratio. This parameter is related to the PAPR in a way depending on the type of
encoding of PA input signals.
09:00 C11.4 JOINT STUDY OF PAPR REDUCTION AND DIGITAL
PREDISTORTION
A. Gouba, Y. Louet, IETR/SUPELC, Rennes, France
Within
the issue of transmission of signals with no constant envelope as OFDM for
example, the Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) reduction and the linearization
are nowadays the two solutions proposed to deal the effects of the
nonlinearities of the power amplifiers. In spite of their interdependence,
these two solutions are separately studied. This can degrade their common
performance once stakes together because of opposite effects. In this paper,
based on Rapp's memoryless amplifier, we demonstrate that predistortion
increase the signal's PAPR and then proposed a joint combination scheme of
"clipping and filtering" and polynomial predistortion.
09:20 Tea/Coffee Break
09:40 C11.5 DOHERTY POWER AMPLIFIERS IN SOFTWARE RADIO
SYSTEMS
F. Ghannouchi, K. Rawat, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
Power
amplification in software defined radio needs reconfigurabilty as well as
optimum performance in terms of linearity and efficiency to handle different
modulation standards (and hence carrier and modulation bandwidth). Since
digital predistortion is now widely accepted as highly suitable solutions for
linearization in a reconfigurable perspective. Hence, this technique in
conjunction with multi-band Doherty power amplifiers finds a potential solution
for reconfigurable-multi-band software defined radio transmitter. This paper
demonstrates the current state-of art for such transmitters, including a brief
discussion about the available design methodology for the dual-band Doherty
power amplifier.
10:00 C11.6 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS OF A 10 GHZ HELIX
TWT
This
paper discusses the design considerations of a 10 GHz helix traveling wave tube
using commercial electromagnetic simulation software CST-PIC/MWS. The
dispersion characteristics of the TWT have been analyzed by modeling of a
single turn electron-free slice in eigenmode solver. The return loss
optimization of the input-output couplers is performed by using of transient
solver. The complete model has been simulated and analyzed in particle in cell
solver and the results are presented.
10:20 C11.7 DIGITAL PREDISTORTION CHALLENGES IN THE
CONTEXT OF SOFTWARE DEFINED TRANSMITTERS
S. Boumaiza, F. Mkaddem, M. Ben Ayed, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
This
paper discusses the challenges associated with the application of the digital
predistortion (DPD) technique in the context of software defined transmitters.
Given the importance of the DPD technique for compensating for the sources of
distortions, and consequently improving the tradeoff between the linearity and
the power efficiency, this paper examines the sensitivity of two DPD schemes,
namely Memory Polynomial and the Two Hidden Layer Artificial Neural Networks,
to the frequent changes in the characteristics (such as the modulation
bandwidth, probability density function, peak-to-average ratio) of the
software-defined transmitters input signals.
10:40 End of the Session
DAF1 – Enabling Technologies for Millimeter and THz Wave Applications
Session Chairs: Rene Beigang, Nachappa Gopalsami, Hakan Altan, Tadao Nagatsuma
Session DAF1
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Friday, August 19, 08:00-10:40
Room Dolmabahçe B
08:00 DAF1.1 PERIODIC ARRAY OF CHIRAL
METAMATERIAL-DIELECTRIC SLABS FOR THE APPLICATION AS TERAHERTZ POLARIZATION
ROTATOR
C. Sabah, H. G. Roskos, J. W. Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
This
study proposes a stratified chiral metamaterial as a polarization rotator for
terahertz regime. Combination of chiral constituent with dielectrics permits
optimization of spectral filter and polarization rotation properties. The lack
of suitable wave-plates for terahertz region opens the way for novel
component/devices enabling polarization control. With the aid of a new class of
metamaterials, the capability of the fabrication of multilayer structures for
polarization rotator realization can be increased. We can generate either
polarization-rotation combs or narrow rotation bands with very good and broad
sideband suppression, of interest for example for data transmission or sensing
purposes.
08:20 DAF1.2 METAMATERIAL-BASED
OPTICAL COMPONENTS FOR THZ RADIATION
We
present different metamaterial-based optical components that open exciting new
ways to deliberately manipulate the spatial or spectral properties of terahertz
(THz) radiation. As specific examples we discuss the design, fabrication and
optical characterization of a 3-layer gradient index (GRIN) lens that allows
one to focus THz radiation to a spot diameter in the order of one wavelength.
Other optical THz components include bandpass filters, wave plates and
plasmonic near field sensors.
08:40 DAF1.3 TERAHERTZ WAVE APPLICATIONS USING PHOTONIC
TECHNOLOGIES
We
present a potential of photonic technologies originally developed for
fiber-optic communications for use in contemporary terahertz-wave applications
and demonstrate several examples, including a high-precision timecontinuous
terahertz-wave signal and terahertz-wave band noise generators, sensing and
imaging with CW and noise signals, and wireless communications. In addition,
recent progress of uni-travelling photodiodes, key component of this work, is
also presented.
09:00 DAF1.4 TERAHERTZ WAVE EMISSION FROM LAYERED
SUPERCONDUCTORS: INTERFEROMETER MEASUREMENTS
Rectangular
Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ (Bi2212) mesa structures were fabricated on as-grown
Bi2212 single crystal superconductors using standard photolithography and Ar
ion beam etching techniques. We have performed c-axis resistance versus
temperature (R-T), current-voltage (I-V) characteristics and bolometer
measurements. Furthermore, in contrast to previous studies, the emission
frequency was determined using interferometer set up instead of FTIR. The
interference patterns were detected outside the cryostat after traveling long
way through ambient space. The emission frequency calculated by Fourier
transform of interference data is consistent with Josephson frequency-voltage
relation.
09:20 Tea/Coffee Break
10:00 DAF1.6 NONLINEAR OPTICAL WAVEGUIDE FOR THZ
TOMOGRAPHY
K. Kawase1,2; 1Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; 2RIKEN, Sendai, Japan
We
proposed a prism-coupled Cherenkov phase-matchingmethod, in which a prism with
a suitable refractive index at THz frequencies was coupled to a crystal. We
demonstrated THz wave generation using the DAST crystal to prove the principle
of PCC-PM. We obtained THz wave radiation with wide-tunability without deep
absorption features. We also demonstrated spectral flat broadband THz pulse
generation using LiNbO3 plate under PCC-PM condition pumped by a fs fiber
laser. The obtained temporal THz waveform was an ideal half cycle pulse which
is suitable for reflection tomography.
10:20 DAF1.7 TERAHERTZ LIGHT AMPLIFICATION OF
STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION IN OPTICALLY PUMPED GRAPHENE
The
gapless and linear energy spectra of electrons and holes in graphene lead to
nontrivial features such as negative dynamic conductivity in the terahertz
spectral range. This paper reviews recent advances in theoretical and
experimental study on terahertz light amplification by stimulated emission of
radiation in optically pumped graphene.
10:40 End of the Session
E09 – Lightning and Related Effects II
Session Chairs: Vladimir A. Rakov, Z. Kawasaki
Session E09
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Friday, August 19, 08:00-09:20
Room Galata
08:00 E09.1 INTERCONNECTIONS IN BUILDINGS IMPROVE
LIGHTNING PROTECTION
A. P. J. van Deursen, G. Bargboer, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
Two
simplified models for a large building are compared for their lightning
protection properties, one without and one with interconnecting conductive
elements. The dimension is 69 x 19 m. At frequencies below 10 MHz, the
additional elements provide a skin-effect like protection of the building
interior. The benefits of the interconnections at high frequencies are the
suppression of resonances and shifting these to still higher frequencies where
lightning is less prominent.
08:20 E09.2 KAROO ARRAY TELESCOPE: LIGHTNING
PROTECTION ISSUES AND RFI
P. G. Wiid, H. C. Reader, R. H. Geschke, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
A
computational electromagnetic (CEM) code and a reduced scale model were used to
characterize the design of the Karoo Array Telescope (MeerKAT), South Africa's
demonstrator for the Square Kilometer Array (SKA). Different excitation
techniques were used in the CEM code and are compared to actual scale model
measurements in an anechoic chamber. With verified computational modeling, the
optimized lightning down conductor layout and earth termination system
interconnections were investigated, keeping cost and RFI in mind.
08:40 E09.3 EXAMINING LIGHTNING CHANNEL ELECTRICAL
PROPERTIES WITH TIME DOMAIN FRACTAL LIGHTNING MODELING
The
electrical properties of the lightning channel are complex and
poorly-understood. The Time Domain Fractal Lightning model (TDFL) connects
these electrical properties to the resulting electromagnetic signals for
realistic lightning channels. We present preliminary results from applying the
TDFL to a simple model of negative leader stepping and compare the results to
observations. The comparison shows qualitative agreement but demonstrates that
more complex behavior such as the leader corona sheath must be included to
construct an accurate model. This suggests that leader physics can be
profitably studied with electromagnetic simulations such as the TDFL.
09:00 E09.4 SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL PATTERNS IN LIGHTNING
DISCHARGES AS A PROXY OF THUNDERSTORM CHARACTERISTICS
Lightning
is nature's way of destroying electrical buildup in thunderclouds. Thus, the
pattern of lightning activity is inherently a proxy measure of the timescales
for charge separation and the lateral extent of the charge reunification in a
flash. Using data from lightning stroke geolocation networks such as NLDN and
GLD360, we deduce statistically the charge buildup time by observing the
suppression of the probability of two nearby flashes (an effect which fades
away). We characterize this suppression effect for different storms, and as a
function of storm phase and lightning parameters such as peak current and
polarity.
09:20 End of the Session
Session Chairs: Orhan Altan, Jean Isnard
Session F09
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Friday, August 19, 08:00-10:40
Room Haliç
08:00 F09.1 KEY SCIENTIFIC ISSUES OF PRESENT DAY
DISASTER MANAGEMENT SCENARIO
O. Altan, ITU-ISPRS, Istanbul, Turkey
Governments,
international organizations and research institutions worldwide have set to
work to improve disaster management in all its phases: mitigation,
preparedness, relief and response, and recovery and reconstruction. Many
governments have put the formation of a hazard-resistant and disaster coping
society on their political agenda as an important factor of sustainable
economic development and better quality of civil life. In this respect, the
awareness of new geospatial technologies and their successful utilization in
disaster management is becoming crucial. These technologies are emerging very
fast. Meteorological and earth observation satellites, communication satellites
and satellite-based navigation and positioning systems may help to improve
prediction and monitoring of potential hazards, risk mitigation and disaster
management, contributing in turn to reduce losses of life and property. Global
navigation satellites and earth observation satellites have already
demonstrated their flexibility in providing data for a broad range of
applications: weather forecasting, vehicle tracking, disaster alerting, forest
fire and flood monitoring, oil spill detection, desertification monitoring, and
crop and forestry damage assessment. Monitoring and management of recent
natural disasters have greatly benefited from satellite imagery, such as the
Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004, floods (Austria, Romania, Switzerland, and
Germany in 2005), hurricanes (USA in 2005), forest fires (Portugal, France,
Greece, Australia in 2005, 2008), earthquakes (Pakistan in 2005, Indonesia in
2006, Haiti 2010) and lastly in Japan. With this presentation the presenter
will try to demonstrate how Space Technology (Geoinformation Technology) can be
efficiently integrated into disaster management, encompassing data collection
(remote sensing, sensor networks, and mobile systems), data processing, and
production of maps, which are further integrated, analyzed and visualized in
GIS/Web-GIS.
08:20 F09.2 TROPOSPHERIC PROPAGATION EFFECTS IN SAR IMAGING AND WEATHER OBSERVATION
M. Chandra, Technische Universitaet Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Germany; J. Isnard, URSI France, Paris, France
Applications
of Radar Remote Sensing continue to play a vital role in the areas of earth
observation, weather monitoring, and disaster management. Contrary to the
general belief, radar measurements are, indeed, affected by propagation through
clouds and weather. Such propagation effects can seriously distort radar images
used for remote sensing purposes and thus reduce their usefulness. The aim of
this contribution is to show how tropospheric propagation and scattering can
impair radar imagery. In general, propagation and scattering through the
troposphere cause attenuation, phase shift, and depolarization of the very
radar signals used for imaging purposes. Additionally, backscattering from
random media can generate distortions in estimates of Doppler moments. In this
contribution, all these issues will be addressed and detailed with examples
from polarimetric SAR and weather radar weather radar measurements. The
contribution will also emphasize the limitation and ‘possible reuse’ afforded
by these propagation effects. The treatment will highlight the polarimetric and
the frequency dependence of the tropospheric propagation effects.
08:40 F09.3 SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC NOISE RELATED TO SEISMIC ACTIVITY
M. Parrot, University of Orléans, Orléans, France
Electromagnetic
phenomena linked to seismic activity are known since old times, but there are
exactly 30 years that two papers published on ground-based observations have
given a renewed interest to this topic. They have shown short-term
electromagnetic precursors of earthquakes. Soon after, observations performed
with low altitude satellites have been presented in the literature. This paper
gives a review of all these satellite observations of unusual ionospheric variations
of the electromagnetic noise at various frequencies which could be attributed
to the seismic activity. But all these satellites were not devoted to this
topic and the amount of data in each set was far to be enough to perform
statistical analysis. In fact, the ionosphere is highly variable and in order
to demonstrate the characteristics of this precursory phenomenon, it is
necessary to process a lot of events. DEMETER was the first satellite launched
especially for this purpose. The duration of the mission was 6.5 years and the
paper resume the many observations performed during this time.
09:00 F09.4 GROUND-BASED MEASUREMENT OF THE
SEISMO-ELECTROMAGNETIC SIGNALS
Y. Hobara, M. Hayakawa, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
An
earthquake is one of the most serious natural disasters leading to the death
toll exceeding two million in the last century. As we see from the recent super
earthquake near Japan triggered the complex disaster such as catastrophic huge
Tsunami and damage to the nuclear power plant. Despite the incomplete
understanding of the origin of earthquakes, short time warning must be an
urgent issue of human beings. Recently new approach to study the seismic activities
by using electromagnetic phenomena reported both by ground-based and satellite
measurement has emerged in addition to the traditional seismological
investigation since 1990s. This is we call it ‘Seismo-electromagnetics’, and is
a study of short-term process of the earthquake sequence. One of the key
advantages of the seismo-electromagnetic phenomena is their precursory nature.
In this paper we introduce various ground-based radio physical measurements to
study seismo-electromagnetic signals and review the major results of both case
and statistical studies for last 10 years from different frequency ranges such
as VLF, LF, HF transmitters to identify the ionospheric perturbations, and ULF
emissions in relation with seismic activities. Updated results from VLF
transmitter signals concerning super earthquake (Off the Pacific coast of
Tohoku EQ) will be presented together with our statistical study on the basis
of long-term observations.
09:20 Tea/Coffee Break
09:40 F09.5 EXTREME SEISMICITY: FROM BASIC SCIENCE TO PREVENTIVE DISASTER MANAGEMENT
A. Ismail-Zadeh1,2,3; 1Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Karlsruhe, Germany; 2Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; 3Institut de Physique du Globe, Paris, France
Extreme
seismic events (e.g., 1755 Lisbon, 1906 San Francisco, 1960 Chile, 2004
Aceh-Sumatra, 2008 Wenchuan, 2011 East Japan earthquakes) are a manifestation
of complex behavior of the lithosphere structured as a hierarchical system of
blocks of different sizes. Driven by mantle convection these lithospheric
blocks are involved into relative movement, resulting in stress localization
and earthquakes. We will discuss how extreme seismic events can be studied
using various scientific approaches, how the extreme events can be modeled and
predicted. Although the lithosphere behaves as a large non-linear system, some
integral empirical regularities emerge indicating possibilities for earthquake
prediction. Large earthquakes are surprising, and society, as a matter of fact,
is poorly prepared to deal with them. Protecting human life and property
against earthquake disasters requires an uninterrupted chain of research and
civil protection tasks: from understanding of physics of earthquakes, their
analysis and monitoring, through interpretation, modeling, seismic hazard
assessment, and earthquake prediction, to delivery the scientific forecasts to
local authorities, public awareness, preparedness, and preventive disaster
management.
10:00 F09.6 THE GLOBAL PRECIPITATION MAP PRODUCED BY
SPACEBORNE MICROWAVE RADIOMETERS AND IT'S APPLICATION-OVERVIEW OF THE
GSMAP(GLOBAL SATELLITE MAPPING OF PRECIPITATION) PROJECT
The
research project, The Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP) aimed
at developing microwave radiometer rain rate retrieval algorithms and producing
high-precision and high-resolution global precipitation maps solely from
satellite data. In the GSMaP project, the surface rain rates were retrieved
from the brightness temperature data of spaceborne microwave radiometers such
as TRMM TMI and so on. The GSMaP project is also developing algorithms which
combine microwave radiometer data with geostationary orbit infrared radiometer
data. Evaluations of GSMaP and various international groups high resolution
precipitation maps around Japan has been made by using radar-AMeDAS
precipitation maps.
10:20 F09.7 EARLY WARNING FOR VOLCANIC ACTIVITY
INVESTIGATED FROM THE 2008 CHAITEN ERUPTION BASED ON LONG-TERM OBSERVATION BY MICROWAVE
RADIOMETER
A
microwave radiometer can observe thermal emission from the ground with less
contamination by clouds than an infrared radiometer. However, because its
spatial resolution is large, if an analysis method to compensate the
disadvantage is developed, it should be more suitable to issue an alert for a
volcanic activity in the early stage before an eruption. We have investigated
an analysis method to detect local changes from the data of a satellite-borne
microwave radiometer. We then applied this method for the Chaiten volcano in
Chile, which was severely erupted in 2008. In this paper, the analysis results
are presented.
10:40 End of the Session
G09 – CAWSES-2 Ionospheric and Thermospheric Campaigns and Results
Session Chairs: Christian Hanuise, Jorge Chau
Session G09
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Friday, August 19, 08:00-10:20
Room Topkapi A
08:00 G09.1 COUPLING BETWEEN THE
STRATOSPHERE/MESOSPHERE AND IONOSPHERE DURING
Abstract
Coupling between the stratosphere/mesosphere and ionosphere during the January
2010 stratospheric warming event is analyzed using ground-based ionosonde, SATI
from Alma-Ata [43.25oN, 76.92oE) and COSMIC/FORMOSAT-3 GPS observations.
08:20 G09.2 LONGITUDINAL SIGNATURES IN GLOBAL ELECTRON
TOTAL CONTENT ASSOCIATED WITH STRATOSPHERIC WARMINGS
Significant changes in the ionosphere associated with
stratospheric warming events have been clearly demonstrated in the analysis of
global total electron content (TEC) maps that utilize measurements from
networks of ground-based GPS receivers. In the American longitude sector,
studies of the equatorial region show increases in the TEC of 50-150% over the
background during the morning sector and decreases of approximately 50% in the
afternoon sector. We have extended this study to include all longitude sectors
with the addition of COSMIC and JASON TEC to allow for better global TEC
coverage, especially over the oceans.
08:40 G09.3 EQUATORIAL AND LOW LATITUDE IONOSPHERIC
EFFECTS DURING SUDDEN STRATOSPHERIC WARMING EVENTS
The
low-latitude and equatorial ionospheric variability during quiet time periods,
for years has been attributed to forcing coming from lower altitudes. However
such forcing has been difficult to identify and understand. In this work we
present clear evidence that the low latitude ionosphere is affected during
sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) events. Such effects are evident in the daytime
ExB drifts and therefore in the electron density (and TEC) distributions. Since
SSWs are large meteorological events that can be predicted with few days in
advance, this connection might allows us to forecast ionospheric disturbances.
09:00 G09.4 THE ELECTRIC FIELD AND DENSITY ANOMALIES
IN THE EQUATOR-LOW-LATITUDE UPPER E REGION INDUCED BY THE ACOUSTIC GRAVITY WAVE
OF TROPOSPHERIC ORIGIN
In
this work, the acoustic gravity wave (AGWs) induced electric field and density
anomalies in the upper E region is investigated. The acoustic gravity waves are
launched to the thermosphere during intense tropospheric convection. Their
dynamics is examined using three dimensional fully time-dependent nonlinear
simulation model of AGW that solves the wave equation for the wind associated
with the AGW. This model is coupled with the three dimensional ionopsheric
model that solves the continuity equation for the ionospheric number density
and the current continuity equation for the electrostatic potential.
09:20 Tea/Coffee Break
09:40 G09.5 SIMILAR WAVE-LIKE VELOCITY MODULATIONS
WITHIN THE IRREGULAR BOTTOM-TYPE F LAYER AND IRREGULAR E LAYER PRIOR TO THE F
REGION PLUME
Using
Sao Luis equatorial radar, Doppler variations within the irregular bottom-type
F layer and the underlying irregular E layer are presented prior to the
occurrence of F region plume. A plume event is selected when a distinct
irregular bottom-type F layer is observed. The Doppler velocity within the
irregular bottom-type F layer exhibits wave-like modulation with time. The
similar wave-like Doppler modulation is observed within the underlying
irregular E layer. These characteristics suggest that the irregular bottom-type
F layer and the irregular E layer are coupled by similar kind of wave dynamics.
10:00 G09.6 DC ELECTRIC FIELDS, ASSOCIATED PLASMA DRIFTS,
AND IRREGULARITIES OBSERVED ON THE C/NOFS SATELLITE
An
overview is presented of observations gathered from the Vector Electric Field
Investigation (VEFI) on the US Air Force Communication/Navigation Outage
Forecasting System (C/NOFS) satellite, a mission designed to understand, model,
and forecast the presence of equatorial ionospheric irregularities.
10:20 End of the Session
H09 – Laboratory Simulation of Space and Dust-related Phenomena
Session Chairs: Bill Amatucci, Toshiro Kaneko
Session H09
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Friday, August 19, 08:00-10:40
Room Topkapi B
08:00 H09.1 VERY LOW FREQUENCY OSCILLATIONS IN ECR
PRODUCED PLASMAS OF THE MAPLE DEVICE
S. Biswas, R. Pal, A. N. S. Iyengar, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India
Study
of floating potential in the plasma produced by electron cyclotron resonance
method in the MaPLE device of Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics reveals the
presence of a very low frequency (300 Hz) oscillation and its harmonics. While
moving outward radially from the axis of the cylindrical device the fluctuation
changes from chaotic to periodic and then quasiperiodic at the edge. A radial
phase shift of these oscillations is also observed. The oscillations are
described using predator-prey model for neutral depletion during ionization
process.
08:20 H09.2 EMERGING ASPECTS IN A PLASMA-METAMATERIAL
COMPOSITE
O. Sakai, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
When
plasmas are immersed in a metamaterial structure, such a composite shows
various properties which are not expected in an ordinary metamaterial. Plasmas
are either generated by external powers or present in nature as a space plasma,
and composites of metamaterials and such plasmas serve as elements of
electromagnetic wave controllers as well as negative-refractive-index
materials. This report describes the fundamental properties of the composites
with specific examples, and some fields of potential applications for human
space activities are surveyed.
08:40 H09.3 THE ROLE OF SHEATH AND ACCEPTANCE ANGLE IN
FRONT OF A RETARDING FIELD ENERGY ANALYZER FOR PLASMA FLOW ANALYSIS.
A. Fredriksen, W. J. Miloch, N. Gulbrandsen, M. N. Lekha, University of Tromso, Tromso, Norway
Measurements
of plasma flow are of key interest in a number of plasma environments. In this
study, we perform 3D PIC simulations of ion velocity distributions in the
vicinity of a negatively biased object in a collision-less plasma with and
without flow. The simulations allow us to study how the grounded probe housing
of a retarding field energy analyzer (RFEA) affects the distribution of ions
and their collection at different angles with a flowing plasma, and how plasma
flow can best be obtained from RFEA measurements. Comparisons are made with
RFEA measurements in an inductively coupled helicon plasma.
09:00 H09.4 DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRODELESS ELECTRIC
PROPULSION SYSTEMS USING HIGH-DENSITY HELICON PLASMAS: THE HEAT PROJECT
In
order to develop a completely electrodeless next generation plasma thruster for
deep space missions, we have initiated the HEAT (Helicon Electrodeless Advanced
Thruster) project. In our scheme, source plasmas are generated by means of the
highly efficient helicon-wave discharge; they are then electromagnetically
accelerated using external antennas to give a thrust. The entire process can be
achieved without using any eroding electrodes, leading to plasma thrusters of a
limitless lifetime. In this presentation, the characteristics of various helicon
plasma sources along with some novel ways to electromagnetically accelerate
plasmas will be discussed.
09:20 Tea/Coffee Break
09:40 H09.5 EXCITATION OF WHISTLER WAVES IN A
MAGNETOPLASMA CONTAINING A NONUNIFORM DENSITY DEPLETION DUCT
Whistler
wave excitation in a laboratory magnetoplasma containing a cylindrically
symmetric density depletion duct is studied. Using a rigorous solution for the
total source-excited field, the radiation resistance of a circular loop antenna
located in such a duct is determined. Conditions are found under which the
radiation resistance of the loop antenna in a nonuniform density depletion duct
can be notably greater than that in a homogeneous magnetoplasma whose
parameters coincide with those near the duct axis or outside the duct.
10:00 H09.6 SPONTANEOUS ELECTROMAGNETIC EMISSION FROM
A STRONGLY LOCALIZED PLASMA FLOW
Laboratory
observations of electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves generated by a localized
transverse dc electric field are reported. The experiments indicate that these
waves result from a strong ExB flow inhomogeneity in a mildly collisional
plasma with sub-critical magnetic field-aligned current. The wave amplitude
scales with the magnitude of the applied radial dc electric field. The
electromagnetic signatures become stronger with increasing plasma beta, and the
radial extent of the wave power is larger than that of the electrostatic
counterpart. The near-Earth space weather implications of the results are
discussed.
10:20 H09.7 EFFECTS OF EB VELOCITY SHEAR ON HIGH AND
LOW FREQUENCY FLUCTUATIONS EXCITED BY ELECTRON TEMPERATURE GRADIENT
T. Kaneko, C. Moon, R. Hatakeyama, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
Electron
temperature gradient (ETG) perpendicular to magnetic field lines is formed by
superimposing high-temperature electrons of an electron cyclotron resonance
(ECR) plasma upon low-temperature thermionic electrons emitted from a tungsten
hot plate. The formed ETG is found to excite a high-frequency fluctuation,
i.e., ETG mode, and also, to enhance a low-frequency fluctuation originally
caused by an EB velocity shear. Furthermore, the strong EB velocity shear is
demonstrated to suppress the ETG mode experimentally.
10:40 End of the Session
Session Chair: Subra Ananthakrishnan
Session JRA
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Friday, August 19, 08:00-09:20
Room Marmara
08:00 JRA.1 GROTE REBER MEDAL PRESENTATION TO PROF. JOCELYN BELL BURNELL
;
08:20 JRA.2 REFLECTIONS ON THE DISCOVERY OF PULSARS
J. Bell Burnell, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
09:20 End of the Session
K08 – Biomedical Application: Healing and Therapy
Session Chairs: Ruggero Cadossi, James Lin
Session K08
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Friday, August 19, 08:00-10:40
Room Loft
08:00 K08.1 LOW-FREQUENCY PULSED ELECTROMAGNETIC
FIELDS IN ORTHOPEDIC PRACTICE: BONE AND CARTILAGE REPAIR
R. Cadossi, S. Setti, IGEA SpA, Carpi, Mo, Italy
A
subject of contemporary interest is represented by the regulation of skeletal
repair by low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields. The capability of them
to enhance endogenous bone repair has been demonstrated in randomized,
prospective, double-blind study and confirmed in clinical experiences, supporting
the usefulness of them in patients that may avoid surgical procedure. The use
of low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields have been proposed to control
inflammation and stimulate articular cartilage anabolic activities. Clinical
biophysics investigates the mechanisms of action and the effects of
non-ionizing low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields in clinical settings
for bone and cartilage repair.
08:20 K08.2 SENSORY MOTOR BEHAVIOR, HISTOLOGICAL,
BIOCHEMICAL EVIDENCES INDICATE REVERSAL OF OSTEOPOROSIS IN SPINAL CORD INJURY
MODEL
To
evaluate the effect of extremely low frequency and intensity magnetic field in
the development of SCI induced sublesional osteoporosis. Rats were equally
divided into SCI, SCI + MF, sham exposed groups. Complete transaction of spinal
cord (T11 vertebra) was surgically performed after laminectomy. Femur and tibia
bones were removed at the end of study for evaluation of BMD, BMC, SEM, DEXA
and other biochemical evidences. MF rats received 17.9mT field intensity. The
bone histological, radiological and the neurochemical profile of spinal cord
and bone supports the recovery of sensory, motor and bone deficits by MF.
08:40 K08.3 POLARIMETRIC TECHNIQUE FOR THE
IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL MATERIALS THROUGH
THEIR OPTICAL ACTIVITY: VISUALIZATION OF RESULTS
E. Bahar, S. Velipasalar, M. C. Gursoy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
A
polarimetric technique to identify biological and chemical materials based on
the measurement of select elements of the (4x4) Mueller matrix is presented.
The Mueller matrix relates the reflected to the incident Stokes vectors that
characterize the polarization states of the reflected and incident waves. The
optical activity of the materials manifests itself by the cross-polarized
components of the reflected waves at a free space chiral planar interface.
Thus, linearly polarized incident waves are reflected as elliptically polarized
waves. The optical activity is characterized by optical rotation and circular
dichroism or ellipticity. Visualizations of the analytical results are
presented.
09:00 K08.4 PRECISE QUANTIFICATION AND CONTROL OF
SURFACE IMMOBILIZED DNA ORIENTATION
We
utilize spectral self-interference fluorescent microscopy (SSFM) to measure
fluorophore height with sub-nm precision to precisely quantify DNA orientation
and conformation. A novel polymeric 3D scaffold is used to functionalize the
sensor surface and permits controlled orientation of the surface anchored DNA.
09:20 Tea/Coffee Break
09:40 K08.5 DEVELOPMENT OF NEW CANCER TREATMENT USING
APPROVED MRI CONTRAST AGENT AND INDUCTION HEATING DEVICE
In
recent years, various types of medical applications of microwaves have widely
been investigated and reported. Among them, microwave thermal therapy is one of
the useful applications and is modality for cancer treatment. The authors have
been studying thin coaxial antenna for intracavitary microwave heating aiming
at the treatment of bile duct carcinoma. In this study, the authors have an
experience on animal experiment using a swine. In the experiment, temperature
rises around the antenna inserted into the bile duct were measured. From the
results of this experiment, cooling effect by blood circulation was cleared.
10:00 K08.6 APERTURE RESONANCES OF MICROWAVE
APPLICATORS FOR THERMOHERAPY
J. Vrba, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
This
paper deals with our new results in the field of external applicators used for
local microwave thermotherapy, like e.g. cancer treatment, physiotherapy, etc.
We will focus here on a very special problem of aperture and water bolus
resonances - a phenomenon, which can significantly deteriorate SAR and
temperature distribution in the treated area and so significantly complicate
the treatment of cancer patient.
10:20 K08.7 EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF TIME-REVERSAL
MICROWAVE HYPERTHERMIA SYSTEM
In
this contribution, we illustrate the performance of the developed UWB microwave
hyperthermia system in combination with the treatment planning tool based on
time-reversal algorithm. The experiment comparing the temperature distribution
in muscle-equivalent phantom with the predicted SAR pattern was carried out at
the ISM radio frequency 434 MHz. The obtained results have shown an excellent
agreement between planned and measured data in terms of the correct focusing
and iso-SAR countours.
10:40 End of the Session
ET – EMC Measurements in the Time-Domain
Session Chair: Christos Christopoulos
Session ET
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Friday, August 19, 09:40-10:40
Room Galata
09:40 ET.1 EMC MEASUREMENTS IN THE TIME-DOMAIN
P. Russer, Institute for Nanoelectronics, Munich, Germany
Time-domain
EMI measurement systems are based on broad-band analog-to-digital conversion
and subsequent real-time digital processing. This allows us to reduce the
measurement times by several orders of magnitude. Modern time-domain EMI
measurement systems for frequency bands up to 18~GHz and their principles of
operation are presented. Like conventional EMI receivers, time-domain EMI
measurement systems facilitate the measurement of average-, rms, peak-, and
quasi-peak values of the EMI. Additionally, time-domain electromagnetic
interference measurement systems allow measuring phase-spectra, short-time
spectra and to performing statistical analysis of the measured signals.
10:40 End of the Session
JG – Ionospheric Calibration for Radio Astronomy (in memory of William E. Gordon)
Session Chairs: Anthea Coster, Richard Perley
Session JG
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Friday, August 19, 09:40-10:40
Room Marmara
09:40 JG.1 ON THE ESTIMATE AND ASSESSMENT OF THE
IONOSPHERIC EFFECTS AFFECTING LOW FREQUENCY RADIO ASTRONOMY MEASUREMENTS
The
development of LOFAR has posed a serious issue on the calibration of those
measurements in the presence of the Earth's ionosphere. Radio frequencies as
low as VHF expose LOFAR to a number of ionospheric phenomena, capable of
deteriorating the accuracy of the measurements and subsequently of the sky
imaging. The ionosphere is normally treated at signal processing level, where
various efforts attempt to remove possible errors introduced by it. Here, a
close look at particular ionospheric features and their possible consequence to
radio astronomy measurements is given from a point of view of the ionospheric
radio wave propagation.
10:00 JG.2 THE EFFECTS OF VARIABLE IONOSPHERIC AND
PLASMASPHERIC FARADAY ROTATION ON LOW FREQUENCY RADIO ARRAYS
Low
frequency arrays such as the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA), which use fixed
dipoles operating at meter wavelengths and longer, have large fields of view
and exhibit strong cross-polarization response due to geometric effects, as
well as the characteristics of the electronics. The linearly polarized sky at
these frequencies is bright and complex in structure, demanding accurate
polarimetric calibration for high fidelity imaging. This calibration is made
more challenging by high-amplitude time- and direction-dependent ionospheric
and plasmaspheric Faraday rotation. In this contribution we describe the
relevant ionospheric behaviors, and discuss approaches for dealing with the
resulting effects.
10:20 JG.3 FREQUENCY MANGEMENT IN LOW FREQUENCY RADIO
TELESCOPES
The
ionosphere can be a major impediment to the operation of low frequency radio
telescopes such as LOFAR (low frequency array). At frequencies in the HF band,
signal paths from extraterrestrial sources can be severely distorted when
traversing the ionosphere and even be reflected back into space before reaching
the ground. It is the purpose of the following paper to investigate the effect
of the ionosphere, and ionospheric variations, upon the operation of radio
telecopes at low frequency. Further, to develop techniques for predicting what frequencies
might be available, at a given time and season, for astronomical observations.
10:40 End of the Session
Session Chair: Umran Inan
Session GL3
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Friday, August 19, 11:00-12:00
Room Anadolu Auditorium
11:00 GL3.1 SATELLITE NAVIGATION: PRESENT AND FUTURE
P. K. Enge, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
The
Global Positioning System serves one billion civil users with applications
including: navigation for cars, aircraft, ships, spacecraft, pedestrians and
emergency services; time transfer for telecommunications, finance and power
delivery; and a breadth of scientific uses. Cognizant of this utility, the
Russians are rejuvenating their satellite navigation system, and new systems
are being fielded by China, Japan, India and Europe. Taken together, this
Global Navigation Satellite System will provide geometric diversity with over
one hundred navigation satellites all with triple frequency diversity for civil
use. This talk will describe this technology with a focus on aviation
applications.
12:00 End of the Session
AD – Optical Frequency Metrology
Session Chairs: Feng-Lei Hong, Thomas Schibli
Session AD
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Friday, August 19, 13:40-17:20
Room Dolmabahçe C
13:40 AD.1 OPTICAL LATTICE CLOCK WITH NEUTRAL MERCURY
S. Bize, S. Mejri, J. J. McFerran, L. Yi, SYRTE-Observatoire de Paris, Paris, France
Optical
lattice clocks offer the possibility to combine accuracy in the 1e-18 range
together with exquisite short term stability, 1e-16 at 1s or lower. Among atoms
considered for optical lattice clocks, mercury is interesting notably because
of its insensitivity to the blackbody radiation shift and because its
relatively high sensitivity to a variation of the fine structure constant. We
will report on our work toward the realization of a mercury lattice clock.
Notably, we have recently trapped mercury in a lattice trap, observed
spectroscopy of a trapped atoms and performed the first experimental
determination of the magic wavelength.
14:00 AD.2 OPTICAL FREQUENCY METROLOGY WITH YTTERBIUM
AND STRONTIUM OPTICAL LATTICE CLOCKS
We
report on the development of an ytterbium (171Yb) and a strontium (87Sr)
optical lattice clock at the National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ). The
result of absolute frequency measurement of the 171Yb lattice clock is shown.
We also report on narrow-linewidth fiber-based frequency combs that are used
not only to measure the absolute frequency of the optical lattice clocks but
also to servo control the frequency of the lasers for cooling and trapping Yb
and Sr atoms.
14:20 AD.3 IMPROVED MEASUREMENT OF THE 40CA+ CLOCK
TRANSITION FREQUENCY TOWARDS AN UNCERTAINTY OF 10-15 LEVEL
Our
improved frequency measurement of a single 40Ca+ optical clock towards an
uncertainty of 10^-15 level is reported. In contrast with our previous
measurement, in which accuracy was limited by the magnetic field fluctuation,
the use of a magnetic shield decreased the observed linewidth of the clock
transition by one digit. From a frequency comparison between the Ca+ clock and
a Sr lattice clock, an Allan deviation of 7 x 10^-16 at averaging time of 1000
seconds was measured. We now measure the absolute frequency of the clock
transition with respect to the SI definition of the second.
14:40 AD.4 SYNCHRONOUS FREQUENCY COMPARISON OF
OPTICAL LATTICE CLOCKS TO APPROACH THE QUANTUM LIMIT
We
demonstrate a synchronous frequency comparison of two optical lattice clocks
operated using 87Sr and 88Sr atoms, whose Allan standard deviation achieved 1
10−17 in an averaging time of 1,600 s by cancelling out the Dick effect
to approach the QPN limit. The scheme manifests an advantage of using a large
number N ≈ 2,000 of atoms in optical clocks and paves the way to
investigate clocks inherent uncertainties and relativistic geodesy on a time
scale of tens of minutes.
15:00 AD.5 DEVELOPMENTS OF OPTICAL FREQUENCY
STANDARDS AT NICT AND ALL-OPTICAL COMPARISON
AGAINST A REMOTE CLOCK IN UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO USING 60KM FIBER LINK
At
National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, we have lately
developed a lattice clock using 87Sr atoms as well as a single ion clock based
on 40Ca+. Besides the comparison of the two atomic standards inside the
institute, all-optical fiber-link to transfer frequency standards to the
University of Tokyo has been developed to evaluate the uncertainty and
stability between two frequency standards at those sites. The initial
evaluations have resulted in the relative stability of 10^(-16) level, clearly
showing the differential frequency of 4-5Hz mainly caused by the 45m difference
of the elevation.
15:20 AD.6 A FEMTOSECOND-PRECISION, FIBER-OPTIC
TIMING TRANSFER SYSTEM WITH LONG-TERM STABLE, POLARIZATION MAINTAINING OUTPUT
J. A. Cox, F. X. Kaertner, MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States
A
fiber-based, all-optical system for femtosecond-precision, long-term, timing
transfer and synchronization of electronics and lasers at the kilometer scale
is presented. The system incorporates a fiber polarization controller for
long-term synchronization of remote lasers, and uses an optical timing detector
based on balanced optical cross-correlation. We demonstrate continuous, unaided
timing distribution over 168-hours with 5 fs rms precision over 340 m of fiber.
Also, timing transfer from local to remote laser for 5 hours with 4 fs rms
precision is shown. A study of linear and non-linear effects impacting
performance is presented.
15:40 Tea/Coffee Break
16:00 AD.7 FREQUENCY COMB METROLOGY AT PHZ
FREQUENCIES: PRECISION IN THE EXTREME ULTRAVIOLET
The
capability of frequency-comb (FC) lasers to precisely measure optical
frequencies is extended to the multiple-PHz domain. This frequency region, the
extreme ultraviolet (XUV, wavelengths < 100 nm), was previously not
accessible to these devices. Frequency comb generation is shown for 51-85 nm by
amplification and coherent up-conversion of a pair of pulses from a infrared
femtosecond FC laser. Moreover, Ramsey-like signals with up to 61% contrast are
observed when the XUV comb is scanned over transitions in argon, neon and
helium, resulting in an 8-fold improved determination of the helium ground
state ionization energy.
16:20 AD.8 DUAL COMB-BASED CHARACTERIZATION OF RAPIDLY
TUNED LASERS
We
demonstrate a coherent dual-comb-based spectrometer capable of measuring the
instantaneous frequency of cw optical waveforms up to chirp rates of 1500 THz/s
over a span of 5 THz with time-bandwidth limited precision. Provided there is a
brief (< 1 ms) period of low laser chirp (<160 GHz/s) during the waveform
measurement, the absolute frequency accuracy can be calibrated to an accuracy
within 2.5 kHz. This approach should enable optimized waveforms for sensing
applications including multi-species gas detection, coherent laser radar, and
optical metrology.
16:40 AD.9 OPTICAL GENERATION OF MICROWAVE REFERENCE
FREQUENCIES
L. Maleki, A. B. Matsko, OEwaves, Inc., Pasadena, CA, United States
Microwave
photonics is promising for generation of spectrally pure high frequency RF
signals. We review recent advances in photonic methods of generation of X-W
band microwave references focusing on properties and capabilities of opto-electronic
oscillators and optical frequency comb-based RF oscillators.
17:00 AD.10 UPDATE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF CESIUM ATOMIC
FOUNTAIN AT NPL, INDIA
National
Physical Laboratory India (NPLI) has been developing a cesium atomic fountain
primary frequency standard. We have succeeded in trapping about 107 Cs atoms,
cool them to about 5 K by both magneto-optical trap (MOT) and polarization
gradient cooling (PGC) and launch them up by moving molasses method. We have
demonstrated the fountain action by launching the atoms up to 72.9 cm up and
detection of the return signal by measuring the fluorescence. Work is underway
to interrogate the launched atoms with microwaves and observe Ramsey fringes.
17:20 End of the Session
B11 – Inverse Scattering and Imaging
Session Chairs: Christian Pichot, Toru Sato
Session B11
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Friday, August 19, 13:40-17:20
Room Anadolu Auditorium
13:40 B11.1 ENHANCING SUBSPACE-BASED INVERSIONS
THROUGH AN EFFICIENT MULTI-SCALING SCHEME
A
microwave imaging approach based on the integration of a subspace-base
optimization method (SOM) and a multifocusing procedure is proposed. The
scattering equations are expressed within the contrast source formulation of
the electromagnetic inverse problem and then solved by a nested procedure which
includes an outer multiresolution loop (dealing with the identification of the
regions of interest), a spectrum analysis step (devoted to the reconstruction
of the deterministic components of the contrast sources) and an inner
optimization loop (aimed at the retrieval of their 'ambiguous parts). A
numerical analysis is presented to preliminarily assess the features of the approach.
14:00 B11.2 CSI-CFI FORMULATIONS OF THE
MULTIRESOLUTION INEXACT NEWTON METHOD - A NUMERICAL COMPARISON
A
numerical comparison of two innovative microwave imaging strategies is
presented. To effectively tackle the non-linearity and ill-posedness arising in
the inversion process, the techniques integrate a multi-resolution approach
with two different Inexact-Newton methods developed either within the contrast
source or within the contrast field formulations of the inverse scattering
problem. A set of preliminary numerical results is presented to compare the
features and potentialities of the methods.
14:20 B11.3 ESTIMATION OF THE PARAMETERS OF 2D DEBYE
DISPERSIVE MEDIA USING A TIME-DOMAIN INVERSE SCATTERING TECHNIQUE
T. G. Papadopoulos, I. T. Rekanos, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
A
time-domain inverse scattering method for the reconstruction of inhomogeneous
dispersive media described by the Debye model is presented. The estimation of
the parameters characterizing the scatterer is based on the minimization of a
cost function, which describes the discrepancy between measured and estimated
values of the electric field. Applying the calculus of variations, we derive
the Frechet derivatives with respect to the scatterer properties, which can be
utilized by any gradient-based optimization technique. Numerical results for
the reconstruction of two-dimensional Debye scatterer using the Polak-Ribiere
algorithm exhibit the efficiency of the proposed method.
14:40 B11.4 BEYOND THE LSM AS QUALITATIVE MWI METHOD:
A PHYSICAL INSIGHT INTO THE FAR-FIELD EQUATION AND NEW CHALLENGES
The
Linear Sampling Method (LSM) is commonly exploited as a qualitative imaging
method by solving the far-field linear equation, and by plotting the energy of
the solution over an arbitrary grid of points which sample the investigated
domain. Starting from the physical interpretation of the LSM as a focusing
strategy, this contribution shows how this method can implicitly provide
additional information about the scattering phenomenon and how to employ it for
quantitative reconstruction by means of a novel hybrid imaging approach.
15:00 B11.5 LOCATION AND DENSITY DETERMINATION FOR A
SOURCE WITH IMPULSE DERIVATIVE TIME VARIATION
The
aim of this work is to determine the source density fo(x) which appears in the
right-hand side of the four dimentional scalar wave equation. In the problem to
be considered here, fo(x) which is the coefficient of the derivative of the
classical delta-Dirac distribution with respect to time t is assumed to be a
function of bounded support Vo. One assumes that the wave function is known (by
measurements) during certain time interval on the boundary S of a convex domain
which involves the region Vo inside, and tries to determine the source density
function.
15:20 B11.6 RECONSTRUCTION OF A ROUGH SURFACE PROFILE
WITH AN ITERATIVE METHOD BASED ON A RIGOROUS DIRECT WAVE SCATTERING MODEL
G. Soriano, S. Arhab, K. Belkebir, Aix-Marseille Universite, Marseille, France
In
this talk, we numerically demonstrate that an iterative inverse method based on
a rigourous wave scattering model can be used to retrieve the profile of a
rough interface from the complex scattering amplitude in far-field. The method
of moments, that is a numerical resolution of the boundary integral equations,
is chosen as direct model, so that large profiles, with tens of wavelength, can
be reconstructed. The two polarization cases are addressed and finally
combined. Sub-wavelength resolution is reached, especially when multiple
scattering occurs.
15:40 Tea/Coffee Break
16:00 B11.7 POSITIONING OF OBJECTS BEHIND CORNERS
USING X-BAND RADAR
M. Gustavssson, Swedish Defence Research Institute, Linkping, Sweden
In
this paper we present an algorithm for location of stationary objects behind
corners using an X-band radar. A street-like scenario is considered. The
algorithm relies on the estimation of a reference signal calculated with
Geometrical Optics and diffraction theory. By using multipath propagation, we
show by means of simulations that it is possible to locate objects behind
corners using an X-band radar.
16:20 B11.8 ACCURATE 3-DIMENSIONAL IMAGE EXPANSION
ALGORITHM USING RANGE DERIVATIVE OF DOUBLE SCATTERED SIGNALS FOR UWB RADARS
S. Kidera, T. Kirimoto, University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
UWB
radar with high resolution has a great promise to near field sensing, such as
robotic sensor. We have already proposed the SAR method using double scattered
signals to enhance a reconstructible range of radar imagery. However, it is
based on the multiple integration of the received signals, that requires an
intensive computation. As a solution for this, we propose a novel expanded 3-D
imaging algorithm based on a range derivative of double scattered signals.
Examples in numerical simulations verify that our method remarkably enhances
the visible range of radar imagery, and extremely decreases the calculation
amount.
16:40 B11.9 THREE-DIMENSIONAL POLARIMETRIC DIFFRACTION
TOMOGRAPHIC ALGORITHM FOR REAL-TIME THROUGH-THE-WALL RADAR IMAGING
W. Zhang, A. Hoorfar, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, United States
A
three-dimensional (3D) diffraction tomographic (DT) algorithm is proposed for
real-time through-the-wall radar imaging (TWRI). The 3D polarimetric TWRI is
investigated using the proposed DT algorithm for the enhanced target detection
as well as mitigation of the wall effect in the cross-polarization. A novel
frequency domain wall mitigation technique is also presented for the removal of
the wall ringing effect in the co-polarization. Numerical results are presented
to show the effectiveness and high efficiency of the proposed DT algorithm for
3D real-time TWRI. Experimental results will be given in the presentation.
17:00 B11.10 ADVANCES IN TWO-DIMENSIONAL AND
THREE-DIMENSIONAL LASER IMAGERY MODELING
G. Berginc, thales, Elancourt, France
Laser
radar technology has enjoyed significant advances over the past decade. Novel
focal plane areas, compact laser illuminators and advanced signal processing
have enabled the construction of 2-D and 3-D laser imagery systems. In this
paper, we present the simulation of a 3D ladar sensor including physics based
modeling of laser backscattering from complex rough targets, reflectance
modeling of porous occluders, development of 3D scenes and reconstruction
algorithms for identification. This paper addresses tomography algorithms for
reconstructing optical three-dimensional scenes. This includes a review of the
physics and phenomenology that can be modeled and examples of reconstruction.
17:20 End of the Session
C12 – Multiple Antenna Technologies for Communication Systems and Radar
Session Chair: Sana Salous
Session C12
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Friday, August 19, 13:40-17:00
Room Dolmabahçe A
13:40 C12.1 EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS ON MULTICARRIER MIMO
HF COMMUNICATIONS
Achieving
reliable communication over HF channels is known to be challenging due to the
particularly hostile propagation medium. To address this problem, diversity
techniques were shown to be promising. In this paper, we demonstrate through
experimental results the benefits of different diversity strategies when
applied to multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) multicarrier systems. The
performance gains of polarisation, space and frequency diversities are quantified
using different measurement campaigns.
14:00 C12.2 USING FREQUENCY-ORTHOGONAL PSEUDONOISE
(FOPN) SOUNDING SEQUENCES TO IDENTIFY SIGNALS FROM MULTIPLE TRANSMIT ANTENNAS
IN MOBILE DOUBLE-DIRECTIONAL AND RELAY CHANNEL SOUNDING SYSTEMS
A
method previously reported by the authors for identifying simultaneous signals
from different Tx antennas is applied for double-directional channel sounding
between a channel sounder base station and a channel sounder mobile station,
and for single input single output channel sounding on urban relay channels.
Using the so-called FOPN sounding method, the frequency spectra of sounding
signals are interleaved, but the spectral lines from different transmitters are
separable using Fourier analysis. Examples are given of double-directional FOPN
channel sounding, involving closely spaced Tx antennas and of FOPN relay
channel sounding, with widely separated Tx antennas.
14:20 C12.3 HF MIMO MEASUREMENTS USING SPATIAL AND
COMPACT ANTENNA ARRAYS
This
paper describes compact antenna arrays for multiple input multiple output MIMO
capacity studies in the HF band. These include a three-element receiver array
with active electronics to provide broadband non-tuned operation across the
entire HF band and a two-channel resonant magnetic loop array for transmitter
applications capable of rapid tuning across greater than two octaves. MIMO
measurements over a 255 km sky-wave link in the UK using these compact arrays
and spatial arrays were performed to estimate the correlation coefficients
between the different elements and the resulting MIMO capacity.
14:40 C12.4 PRELIMINARY ANTENNA SYSTEM DESIGN FOR FMCW
AVALANCHE RADAR
Preliminary
design of microstrip array antenna is presented for an FMCW avalanche radar at
5.3 GHz. The antenna design which composed of an array of 4 X 2 patches could
achieve the high gain of 15.6 dB with a wideband of 90%. This is achieved by
separating the feed network and increasing the height of the antenna
substrates.
15:00 C12.5 CYLINDRICAL MULTIUSER BEAM-FREE ACTIVE
PHASED ARRAY AND COMPARISON WITH THE STANDARD MULTISECTOR ANTENNAS FOR MOBILE
COMMUNICATION
А
multiuser beamfree cylindrical adaptive active array is considered. Such
antennas can be used instead of standard multisector antennas. The multiuser
beamfree method implies that coverage area is not divided into cells with
different frequencies. Instead, all the users can use all the frequencies and
active array selects signals by their position. The comparison of the standard
multisector antennas with the beam-free array consisting of the same number of
elements shows that the capacity (number of users operating on the same
frequency) increases up to 2 times as against 6-sector antenna and 3 times as
against 3-sector.
15:20 C12.6 PERFORMANCE OF MULTIMODE ANTENNA ARRAYS IN
DOUBLE DIRECTIONAL FINITE SCATTERING CHANNEL MODEL
M. Ali, A. Burr, A. Marvin, University of York, York, United Kingdom
In
this paper we analyse the performance of multimode antenna arrays using a
double directional finite scattering channel model with or without mutual coupling
and estimate the spatial correlation of signals as a function of separation for
a Laplacian power azimuth spectrum. The spectrum efficiency comparison clearly
shows that multimode antenna array outperforms the Omni-directional antennas in
a double directional finite scattering channel model for Omni-directional
scattering. Spatial correlation comparison as a function of separation for a
Laplacian power azimuth spectrum at the receiver showed that, multimode antenna
array can exploit the scattering in the channel more effectively.
15:40 Tea/Coffee Break
16:00 C12.7 DESIGN AND COMPARISON OF LTCC BASED
FRACTAL ANTENNAS
The
paper presents design of three different fractal antennas in LTCC substrate. An
aperture coupled feeding technique has been used in all the three designs which
is highly suitable for multi-layer SoP concept. The three fractal designs
demonstrated are Sierpinski carpet, Sierpinski gasket and Koch snowflake
fractal antennas. Bandwidths of greater than 6.5% has been achieved from these
designs at a centre frequency of 24 GHz in comparison to the typical aperture
coupled patch antenna bandwidth of 2%. In addition to their large bandwidths
the designs have demonstrated a size reduction of greater than 20%.
16:20 C12.8 RECONFIGURABLE FRACTAL TREE ANTENNA FOR
MULTIBAND APPLICATIONS
H. Altun, E. Korkmaz, Fatih University, Ýstanbul, Turkey; B. Turetken, TUBITAK, Gebze, Turkey
This
paper evaluates reconfigurable specification of the fractal tree antenna.
Fractal tree antenna fed by a 50 ohms round coax from its middle. Making
PIN-diodes on or off state, the characteristic of antenna changes and it
results changes in the operation frequency and radiation pattern. The proposed
antenna demonstrates reconfigurable frequency range from 1.51 GHz up to 8.6
GHz. Analysis of the antenna has been done by means of commercial software CST
Microwave Studio to discuss the impression of different dimensional parameters
by controlling the PIN diode switches on radiation pattern, directivity and
operational frequency.
17:00 End of the Session
Session Chairs: Rene Beigang, Nachappa Gopalsami, Hakan Altan, Tadao Nagatsuma
Session DAF2
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Friday, August 19, 13:40-17:20
Room Dolmabahçe B
13:40 DAF2.1 ADIABATIC COUPLING INTO TERAHERTZ
PARALLEL-PLATE WAVEGUIDES
We
report on the coupling process of broadband terahertz radiation into metal
parallel-plate waveguides with sub-wavelength gaps. Starting from well known
quasi-optic coupling using silicon lenses, we developed a coupling scheme based
on adiabatic coupling using metal flares. The metal surfaces change their shape
slowly and smoothly with respect to the wavelength of terahertz radiation. The
undistorted pulse shape and dispersion-free propagation is maintained in the
TEM geometry. The obtained coupling efficiencies for different waveguide
geometries exceed previous values. For an optimized layout, spectroscopic
results of polycrystalline molecular samples are presented revealing high
resolution absorption lines.
14:00 DAF2.2 OPTIMIZATION OF WIDE-BANDPASS FILTER
WITHIN THE TERAHERTZ FREQUENCY REGIME
Passband
filters are among the most useful applications of metamaterials to cover the so
called THz gap. A design procedure based on a Periodic Method of Moments is
proposed to obtain THz filters with a broad transmission bandwidth. The design
is optimized by adopting a genetic algorithm to reach the target filter
performance at a passband frequency centered at 1.25 THz. Two different
solutions based on a single and a double frequency selective surface based on
low cost mylar substrate are compared. To demonstrate the excellent performance
of our design we have fabricate prototypes by applying UV-photolithography
process.
14:20 DAF2.3 NONDESTRUCTIVE MEASUREMENT OF CARRIER
MOBILITY IN CONDUCTIVE POLYMER PEDOT:PSS USING TERAHERTZ AND INFRARED
SPECTROSCOPY
Novel
method to evaluate the density and mobility of carriers in conductive polymers
is presented. Terahertz-time domain spectroscopy revealed that the strong
carrier scattering induced the weakly localized carrier behavior in conductive
polymer PEDOT:PSS thin films. We successfully determine the mobility of carriers
in PEDOT:PSS thin films by the simultaneous fitting of THz conductivity and
infrared reflectivity spectra. Under the assumption of the effective mass
m*=0.3, the obtained carrier mobility of PEDOT:PSS thin film with and without
the secondary dopant of ethylene glycol are 9.77 and 0.77 cm2/Vs, respectively.
14:40 DAF2.4 IMAGING AT A STAND-OFF DISTANCE WITH
TERAHERTZ FMCW RADAR
We
have developed a radar based terahertz imaging system for high resolution
through-clothes imaging at stand-off distances. The system uses a 675 GHz
transmit/receive system in a frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar
mode working at room temperature. The imager has sub-centimeter range
resolution by utilizing a 30 GHz bandwidth. It has comparable cross-range
resolution at a 25m stand-off distance with a 1m aperture mirror. A fast
rotating small secondary mirror rapidly steers the projected beam over a 50 x
50 cm target at range to produce images at frame rates exceeding 1 Hz.
15:00 DAF2.5 THE MILLIMETER-WAVE ISAR IMAGING OF
CONCEALED OBJECTS
The
detection of concealed objects like weapon, explosives, and other dangerous
items became very important problem for defending people against terrorist
attacks. The main aim of research programs are devoted to the detection of
concealed dangerous objects by increasing sensitivity and resolution in
obtained images. In this paper we propose to use inverse synthetic aperture
radar technology for the detection of hidden items in millimeter-wave length. The
theorical backgorund employed for measurement results is briefly described. The
millimeter-wave ISAR measurement setup is presented. Then, measurements
performed for different scenarios are explained. Finally, the reconstructed
results are shown.
15:20 DAF2.6 NON DESTRUCTIVE OBSERVATION OF DEFECTS IN
DIELECTRIC MATERIALS AND PROSPECTS FOR DIAGNOSTICS OF INFRASTRUCTURE AND
CULTURAL HERITAGE
Terahertz
(THz) spectroscopy and THz imaging techniques are expected to have great
potential for carrying out the non-invasive and non-contact observation of
defects in dielectric materials. THz waves can penetrate opaque materials and
they can perform three-dimensional material mapping non-destructively by
spectroscopic imaging. We have proved that THz imaging can detect defects in
multi-layer objects, such as artworks, and the results can be used to develop
algorithms of ageing diagnosis, failure prediction and lifetime estimation of
various infrastructure constructions as well as cultural heritage.
15:40 Tea/Coffee Break
16:00 DAF2.7 THZ WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS: 2.5 GB/S ERROR-FREE
TRANSMISSION AT 625 GHZ USING A NARROW-BANDWIDTH 1 MW THZ SOURCE
L. Moeller, Bell Labs, Holdmel, United States; J. Federici, K. Su, NJIT, Newark, United States
THz
wireless communications has established itself as a self-contained research
field within THz technology. Following the fields general trend to enhance
system transport capacity by increasing the formats carrier frequencies and
payloads, we report a novel scheme for generating a 2.5 Gb/s data signal on a
625 GHz carrier, its transmission, and error-free detection. Duobinary baseband
modulation on the transmitter side generates a signal with a sufficiently
narrow spectral bandwidth to pass an up-converting frequency multiplier chain.
Power, bit-error rate, and signal-to-noise ratio measurements on the receiver
side describe the signal.
16:20 DAF2.8 MILLIMETER-/TERAHERTZ-WAVE MEASUREMENTS
FOR BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS USING PHOTONICALLY GENERATED CONTINUOUS WAVES
H. Ito, H. Yamamoto, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
This
paper describes two promising millimeter-/terahertz-wave measurement techniques
suitable for biological substances. For the reflection-geometry imaging, a
planar circulator circuit is developed and integrated into a photonic
transceiver module operating in the J-band. The fabricated module is applied to
in-vivo imaging of a human finger at 270 GHz. For obtaining more qualitative
information, a photonic millimeter-wave ellipsometry system is developed for
measuring the complex relative dielectric constant of the sample. It is
successfully applied to in-vivo measurement of human skin in the F-band.
16:40 DAF2.9 SILICON CMOS DETECTORS AND FOCAL-PLANE
ARRAYS FOR THZ RADIATION
The
application of field-effect transistors for the detection of terahertz radiation
(submillimeter-wave radiation), which for a long time has only been a subject
of academic study, is currently in the process of becoming a viable technology
for the realization of focal-plane arrays of room-temperature-operated imaging
systems, and has the potential to be of interest also for other applications
such as data communications. This development has been triggered on one hand by
the fact that the detectors can be implemented entirely in silicon CMOS process
technology, with all the advantages of cost-effectiveness, high yield and high
reliability, and ease of integration of additional functions, for which CMOS
technology stands. The second decisive factor is that the relevant figures of
merit - the responsivity and the noise-equivalent power – are comparable to, if
not better than, those of other well-established terahertz detectors operated
at room temperature. This paper presents a summary of recent results which
demonstrate the capability of the technology.
17:00 DAF2.10 ANTENNA DESIGN AND CHANNEL MEASUREMENTS
FOR ON-BODY COMMUNICATIONS AT 60 GHZ
X. Y. Wu, Y. Nechayev, P. S. Hall, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
On-body
communication is of increasing interest for a number of applications, such as
medical-sensor networks, emergency-service workers, and personal
communications. This paper reviews 60 GHz on-body communication and its
benefits and challenges. Two novel low profile high gain, end-fire wearable
antennas are then described. Measurements with an experimental phantom and real
human body are presented. Results show antennas achieve good performance close
to a phantom. Shadowing effects and polarisation issues for on-body
communications at 60 GHz are discussed.
17:20 End of the Session
E10 – Stochastic Techniques in EMC
Session Chairs: Luk Arnaut, Sergio Pignari
Session E10
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Friday, August 19, 13:40-17:00
Room Galata
13:40 E10.1 THE ANALYSIS OF STOCHASTIC EMC PROBLEMS
USING THE CONCEPT OF DIFFUSE FIELD RECIPROCITY
R. S. Langley, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
There
has been much progress in recent years in the analysis of complex random
vibro-acoustic systems, and general analysis methods have been developed which
are based on the properties of random diffuse wave fields. It is shown in the
present paper that such methods can also be applied to high frequency EMC
problems, avoiding the need for costly full wave solutions to Maxwells
equations in complex cavities. The theory behind the approach is outlined and
then applied to the relatively simple case of a wiring system which is subject
to reverberant electromagnetic wave excitation.
14:00 E10.2 MULTI-FREQUENCY AMPLITUDE PROBABILITY
DISTRIBUTION MEASUREMENT SYSTEM AND ITS APPLICATION FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC
INTERFERENCE ANALYSIS
Y. Matsumoto, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Tokyo, Japan
Successful
development of FFT-based amplitude probability distribution (APD) measurement
system has enabled multi-frequency and real-time measurement of amplitude
statistics for fluctuating signals. This opens up new possibilities for
measurement in a range of areas, including the nonlinear effect on wide-band
stochastic signals, and interference in multi-carrier communication systems.
This paper presents an overview of the measuring system and its applications,
and provides examples.
14:20 E10.3 THE USE OF UNSCENTED TRANSFORMS IN
MODELING THE STATISTICAL RESPONSE OF NONLINEAR SCATTERER IN A REVERBERATION
CHAMBER
The
use of the Unscented Transform technique for the estimation of the statistical
response of nonlinear EUTs in reverberating chambers is examined. The method
involves choosing a few selected discrete points (sigma points) to approximate
the probability distribution of random functions. The field within
reverberation chambers is represented by a Rayleigh distribution. The method
for choosing the sigma points for a Rayleigh distribution is described and the
results are compared with Monte Carlo simulations and analytical solutions of
scattering from nonlinear EUTs. It is shown that the Unscented Transform
technique is more accurate and efficient than the Monte Carlo approach. .
14:40 E10.4 PHYSICAL CONSIDERATIONS ON COMPLEX
CAVITIES IN UNDERMODED REGIME
In
this paper, a theoretical investigation about undermoded mode-stirred
reverberation chambers is presented and discussed. We extend the plane-wave
angular spectrum to include a sinc-correlated scenario and find an integral
representation for the total field coherency. This clearly exhibits spatial
inhomogeneity and agrees with both Sommerfeld's far-field radiation condition
and Berry's conjecture for chaotic scattering. Finally, we find a closed-form
solution for the coherency at the center of the reference frame, serving as a
normalization factor to compare with measurements in complex inhomogeneous
environments. Several physical considerations arise from this novel analytic
representation.
15:00 E10.5 A STATISTICS-BASED DEFINITION OF THE
OVERMODED CONDITION FOR REVERBERATION CHAMBERS
A. Cozza, SUPELEC, Gif sur Yvette, France
Current
understanding of reverberation chambers is firmly funded upon their being
operated as overmoded cavities. A proper definition of this condition has been
lacking for a long time, while being regarded as automatically satisfied as
soon as a large (and unspecified) number of normal modes are set to resonate at
the frequency of operation of the chamber. This paper summarizes the most
important steps needed to introduce in a formal way a proper definition of the
overmoded condition, showing how, from a strict mathematical viewpoint, it is
not related to any threshold frequency, but rather requires a statistical
framework.
15:20 E10.6 STATISTICAL METHODS FOR RADIO FREQUENCY
INTERFERENCE WHEN ESTIMATING THE PERFORMANCE DEGRADATION OF DIGITAL RADIO
RECEIVERS
K. C. Wiklundh, Swedish Defence Research Agency FOI, LINKPING, Sweden
The
radiated interference environment can significantly degrade a radio
communication system. To foresee the degradation, the performance of radio
communication systems needs to be analyzed. When estimating the impact from
radio frequency interference on digital radio systems, a statistical approach
is to prefer. By using the amplitude probability distribution of an
interference source, its impact can be determined. Another successful approach
is based on the impulsiveness correction factor, , to avoid serious
underestimations of the bit error probability. These two approaches are
suitable methods to achieving accurate performance estimates of a digital radio
receiver.
15:40 Tea/Coffee Break
16:00 E10.7 COMPARISON OF STOCHASTIC METHODS FOR THE
VARIABILITY ASSESSMENT OF TECHNOLOGY PARAMETERS
P. Manfredi, M. Fontana, I. S. Stievano, F. G. Canavero, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
This
paper provides and compares two alternative solutions for the simulation of
cables and interconnects with the inclusion of the effects of parameter
uncertainties: Polynomial Chaos (PC) method and Response Surface Modeling
(RSM). The problem formulation applies to the telegraphers equations with
stochastic coefficients. The proposed methods offer accuracy and improved
efficiency in computing the parameter variability effects on system responses
with respect to the conventional Monte Carlo approach. These approaches are
validated by means of the analysis of a commercial multiconductor flat cable.
This analysis allows us to highlight the respective advantages and
disadvantages of the presented methods.
16:20 E10.8 ON DISTRIBUTIONS OF FIELDS AND POWER IN
UNDERMODED MODE-STIRRED REVERBERATION CHAMBERS
We
derive sampling probability density functions (pdfs) of a nonlocal
spatio-temporal random electromagnetic field and its intensity in an undermoded
mode-stirred cavity, i.e., a statistically inhomogeneous time-varying
environment generated by a stochastic process. The inhomogeneous field is
represented as a subset (sample) of a homogeneous field (ensemble). The sample
statistics of the inhomogeneous field are governed by the number of spatial
degrees of freedom and the number of temporal (stir) degrees of freedom. The
results are also of interest in nonergodic mesoscopic dynamical systems and
quantum/wave chaos in mixed billiards beyond the semiclassical approximation.
16:40 E10.9 INFLUENCE OF TWIST-PITCH RANDOM
NON-UNIFORMITY ON THE RADIATED IMMUNITY OF TWISTED-WIRE PAIRS
S. A. Pignari, G. Spadacini, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
A
numerical model is used to investigate the response of a twisted-wire pair
(TWP) with non-uniform twisting, illuminated by a plane-wave electromagnetic
field. Unlike in previous works, where non-uniform TWPs were modeled by
cascading helical twists with different pitch, here the TWP is represented as a
bifilar helix with continuous deformation, which is consistent with the actual
physical structure. It is shown that twist-pitch non-uniformity does not affect
the common-mode voltage induced by the external field, whereas it influences
the differential-mode voltage, whose sensitivity is analyzed by resorting to a
statistical approach.
17:00 End of the Session
FG – Ionospheric and Tropospheric Effects in Precision GNSS
Session Chairs: Achim Hornbostel, Manuel Hernández-Pajares
Session FG
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Friday, August 19, 13:40-17:20
Room Haliç
13:40 FG.1 IONOSPHERIC AND TROPOSPHERIC MODELLING AND
MONITORING FOR GNSS AT THE EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY
B. Arbesser-Rastburg, ESA, Noordwijk, Netherlands
This
paper summarizes recent activities in the area of tropospheric and ionospheric
research undertaken by ESA in support of the development and qualification of
EGNOS and GALILEO. Experimentation is needed to verify and validate the models
used for describing the temporal and spatial variability of atmospheric
conditions influencing the propagation conditions. Propagation effects may
impact user accuracy, integrity, availability or continuity of service. One of
the key propagation effects is the tropospheric and ionospheric group delay.
But also the presence of ionospheric scintillations can impact on the
performance and continuity of navigation services and need to be well
understood.
14:00 FG.2 ANALYSIS OF THE PLL PHASE ERROR IN
PRESENCE OF IONOSPHERIC SCINTILLATION
The
functioning of standard phase locked loops (PLL), including those used to track
GNSS signals, is based on a linear approximation valid in case of small phase
errors. However, in presence of a fading channel the phase error may become
large and the PLL is expected to operate in a non-linear regime. The phase
error and the performance of a PLL embedded into a commercial
multi-constellation GNSS receiver was analysed in the presence of ionospheric
scintillation. The limitations posed by a fading channel consist of an
increased phase dynamics together with power fading.
14:20 FG.3 THE IMPACT OF IONOSPHERIC SCINTILLATION ON
THE GNSS RECEIVER SIGNAL TRACKING PERFORMANCE AND MEASUREMENT ACCURACY
Ionospheric
scintillation effects are investigated regarding GNSS modernization which
provides new signal frequencies and satellites that allow more accurate methods
of monitoring, modelling and mitigating ionospheric effects on GNSS signals.
Scintillation effects are analysed through a simulation-based approach by
perturbing the signals using Cornell Scintillation Model. Receiver signal
tracking performance is evaluated based on tracking loop errors using
scintillation-sensitive tracking models of Conker et al (2003) and Kim et al
(2003) which are limited to weak-to-moderate scintillation levels. UERE on
receiver-satellite links are investigated to understand the impact of
scintillation on (code-based) range measurements.
14:40 FG.4 WBMOD ASSISTED PLL GPS SOFTWARE RECEIVER
FOR MITIGATING SCINTILLATION AFFECT IN HIGH LATITUDE REGION
The
phase scintillation induces excess carrier phase jitter in the phase lock loop
(PLL) of the GPS receiver, and strong scintillation can cause a PLL to lose
phase lock resulting in no GNSS signal available from the satellite path(s)
affected. This study uses a novel WBMod (Wide Band Modeling) assisted PLL for
robustness of availability of GPS services with lower introduction of extra
phase noise. At the initial stage, an optimal PLL bandwidth is predicted using
WBMod to stabilize PLL during strong phase scintillation. A FAB (Fast Adaptive
Bandwidth) PLL is used to minimize the phase error.
15:00 FG.5 IONOSPHERIC IRREGULARITIES AND
POTENTIALITIES OF MULTIFREQUENCY CORRECTION IN GLOBAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE
SYSTEMS
M. V. Tinin, E. V. Konetskaya, Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk, Russia
Measurements
of propagation time or phase of a signal at two frequencies enable us to
eliminate the first ionospheric correction and improve accuracy of the Global
Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) from tens of meters to centimetres. This
paper explores possibilities of eliminating higher-order ionospheric errors in
going to measurements at more frequencies. It is shown that the second-order
correction, associated with the geomagnetic field effect on the refractive
index, may be taken into account already in dual-frequency measurements.
Further improvement of accuracy in the triple-frequency GNSS in view of phase
scintillations is complicated by diffraction effects.
15:20 FG.6 NUMERICAL CALCULATION OF RESONANT
FREQUENCIES AND MODES QUALITY OF IONOSPHERIC-MAGNETOSPHERIC ALFVEN RESONATOR
The
model of environment close to a reality is considered. This model supposes only
a numerical solution of a problem. The numerical integration of ODE for the
spherical impedance is executed. Eigenfrequencies IMAR are found by Newton's
method. Resonant frequencies and quality modes of ionospheric-magnetospheric
Alfven resonator (IMAR) are resulted in a range [0, 1] Hz at magnetic latitude
30 degrees.
15:40 Tea/Coffee Break
16:00 FG.7 DIURNAL, SEASONAL AND GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION
EFFECTS ON TEC VARIATION OVER MALAYSIA
This
paper presents the diurnal, seasonal and geographic location effects on TEC
variation over Malaysia using PPP technique based on GPS data obtained from 50
stations. The diurnal analysis shows the mean TEC reaches its maximum during
post local noon. The mean TEC during the equinox months is higher than during
the solstice. During equinox, TEC maximum in the daytime is located at southern
Malaysia but changes to the north during nighttime. During solstice, TEC maximum
is located at northern Malaysia during both day and nighttime. These results
can be used as a reference for ionospheric characterization over Malaysia.
16:20 FG.8 FORECASTING OF IONOSPHERIC DELAY USING THE
HOLT-WINTERS METHOD
This
paper studies the application of the Holt-Winters method in forecasting
ionospheric delay over three GPS stations namely Parit Raja, Malaysia,Seattle
and New York, USA. Results over the three stations show that the error between
the forecast and the real ionospheric delay value is in the range 2% to 6% for
the three months of analysis. The results gave a small error for all three
stations; therefore, it can be concluded that the Holt-Winters method is
effective and can be used in forecasting ionospheric delay.
16:40 FG.9 CO-SEISMIC IONOSPHERIC DISTURBANCES
FOLLOWING THE 2008 MW8.0 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE FROM GPS OBSERVATIONS
S. Jin, R. Jin, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
The
devastative Mw 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake occurred at the Longmen Shan Fault in
southwestern China on May 12, 2008. In this paper, coseismic ionospheric
disturbances on this event are investigated from national GPS network
observations. It has found an intensive N-shape shock-acoustic wave propagating
south-eastward at about 600 m/s. The wave front of the N-shape is parallel with
the earthquake rupture direction (from NE to SW). It is almost consistent with
seismometer, indicating the co-seismic ionospheric TEC disturbances were mainly
derived from the main shock.
17:00 FG.10 SPACE-TIME INTERPOLATION AND AUTOMATIC
MAPPING OF TEC USING TNPGN-ACTIVE
Turkish
National Permanent GPS Network (TNPGN) is the Reference Station Network of 146
continuously-operating GNSS stations o which are distributed uniformly across
Turkey and North Cyprus Turkish Republic since May 2009. IONOLAB group, formed
by researchers and students in Hacettepe University, Bilkent University and
General Command of Mapping is currently investigating new techniques for
space-time interpolation, and automatic mapping of TEC through a TUBITAK
research grant. This study presents the developments in monitoring of space
weather, and correction of geodetic positioning errors due to ionosphere using
TNPGN.
17:20 End of the Session
GT – Sprites and Energetic Radiation Above Thunderstorms
Session Chair: Michael Rietveld
Session GT
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Friday, August 19, 13:40-14:40
Room Topkapi A
13:40 GT.1 SPRITES AND ENERGETIC RADIATION ABOVE
THUNDERSTORMS
M. Fullekrug, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
The
discovery of transient airglows above thunderstorms, known as sprites and jets,
shed a new light on 'terra incognita' in the Earth's atmosphere, the area above
thunderstorms. The fast discovery pace of novel phenomena has spurred studies
of energetic radiation, relativistic particles and anti-matter emanating from
inside thunderclouds and above thunderlcouds. These observations mark a
profound advance in our understanding of the Earth's atmospheric electrodynamic
behaviour. Namely, the discoveries mandate the inclusion of cosmic rays,
relativistic electron beams, and energetic feedback processes in our thinking
about the Earth's atmosphere, perhaps best summarised as relativistic
atmospheric electrodynamics.
14:40 End of the Session
H10 – Waves as Signatures of Inflowing Plasma Interaction with Solar System Bodies
Session Chairs: Christian Mazelle, Yoshiya Kasahara
Session H10
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Friday, August 19, 13:40-17:00
Room Topkapi B
13:40 H10.1 LARGE AMPLITUDE COHERENT STRUCTURES IN
PLASMA NEAR MARS
Observations
carried out by the ASPERA-3 experiment on board the Mars Express spacecraft
show that plasma environment at Mars is strongly disturbed. Large-amplitude
coherent structures arising upstream from the bow shock due to the interaction
with extended hydrogen corona decompose the magnetosheath into a set of strong
solitary compression pulses which impact the Martian ionosphere. A possible
role of these structures on ionospheric heating/energization and escape is
discussed.
14:00 H10.2 THE ASYMMETRIC GEOMAGNETIC PULSATIONS
EXCITED BY THE INTERPLANETARY SHOCK
This
paper studied the asymmetric geomagnetic pulsations excited by sharp variations
of solar wind dynamical pressure (Psw). The sharp decrease of Psw can excite a
global pulsation in the period range 100 200 s at both low and sub-auroral
latitudes due to the oscillation of magnetopause around its new equilibrium
position after abrupt displacement. The frequencies of pulsations at the
morning and afternoon stations are 9.8 mHz and 5.0 mHz respectively. Therefore
the radius of afternoon magnetopause is about 1.16 times that of morning
magnetopause, which is consistent with the observation of low latitude H
components.
14:20 H10.3 WAVE EXCITATION IN THE LUNAR WAKE
ASSOCIATED WITH SOLAR-WIND PROTON ENTRY
We
review wave excitation in the lunar wake accompanied by solar wind (SW) proton
entry, which was recently discovered by SELENE (Kaguya). The proton entry into
the wake forms proton-governed region (PGR) to drastically change the
electromagnetic environment there. Broadband electrostatic noise found in the
PGR is manifestation of electron two-stream instability, which is attributed to
the counter-streaming electrons attracted from the ambient SW to maintain the
quasi-neutrality. This is a general phenomenon in the lunar wake, because PGR
does not necessarily require peculiar SW conditions for its formation.
14:40 H10.4 ELECTROSTATIC SOLITARY WAVES (ESWS) OBSERVED
BY KAGUYA NEAR THE MOON
In
KAGUYA (SELENE), a Japanese lunar orbiter, LRS/WFC-L observed waveforms of
plasma waves in 100Hz-100kHz and a lot of ESWs have been observed due to the
interaction between the solar wind and the Moon. Some results have been
reported. Although orthogonal dipole antennas are generally used in the
observations, sometimes a pair of monopole antennas were used. We reports
observations mainly by the latter antennas.
15:00 H10.5 STATISTICAL STUDY OF THE NTC PLASMASPHERIC
PATCHES: A DIRECT LINK BETWEEN WAVE OBSERVATION IN THE INNER MAGNETOSPHERE AND
MAGNETIC ACTIVITY
Variations
in the solar wind are responsible of reconfiguration of the whole
magnetosphere. The plasmapause is located in the inner magnetosphere and a
direct link between its characteristics and the magnetic activity has been
shown. NTC is believed to be emitted at the plasmapause and near the magnetic
equator. The changes of the plasmapause due to solar wind variations may be
reflected in the wave signature. Using three years of Cluster data we perform a
statistical study. We show that their observation is linked with a compression
of the plasmapause, and an increasing of the magnetic indices.
15:20 H10.6 VERTICAL PLASMA EXTENT ABOVE THE LUNAR
SURFACE DERIVED FROM INTERFERENCE PATTERN OF AURORAL KILOMETRIC RADIATION
The
existence of the lunar ionosphere had been neither experimentally proved nor
disproved because observation data on circumlunar plasma were very scarce. In
the present study, we estimated vertical electron density profiles above the
lunar surface using interference patterns on AKR spectrograms observed by the
KAGUYA spacecraft and examined whether or not the high-density layer actually
existed. Because the interference pattern results from superposition of directly
arrived waves and waves reflected near the lunar surface, reflection altitudes
which correspond to the density layers can be estimated from the pattern.
15:40 Tea/Coffee Break
16:00 H10.7 ROLE OF THE SURFACE CHARGING IN THE SOLAR
WIND INTERACTION WITH A SMALL, NON-MAGNETIZED, ELECTRICALLY NON-CONDUCTING BODY
STUDIED IN A TWO-DIMENSIONAL ELECTROMAGNETIC FULL PARTICLE SIMULATION
T. Nakagawa, Tohoku Institute of Technology, Sendai, Japan
The
solar wind interaction with a small, non-magnetized, electrically
non-conducting body is studied using a two-dimensional electromagnetic full
particle simulation. The solar wind magnetic field is introduced into the
simulation scheme as an initial condition together with the electric field
generated by the motion of the solar wind. The magnetic field controls the
direction of flow of thermal electrons, causing an asymmetry of the negative
charging of the downstream side surface. In the absence of the photoelectrons,
the solar wind electrons are expelled by the negative charging at the
terminator, and behave differently from traditional theory.
16:20 H10.8 PLASMA WAVES RELATED TO
MINI-MAGNETOSPHERES OVER LUNAR MAGNETIC ANOMALIES OBSERVED BY LRS/WFC ONBOARD
KAGUYA
Although
the moon has basically an unmagnetized body, there are number of magnetic
anomalies and presence of mini-magnetosphere is suggested over the anomalies.
The LRS/WFC onboard KAGUYA, a Japanese lunar orbiter, frequently observed
intense wave activities below several kHz over these magnetic anomalies at
altitude range below 100 km. It was found that the spatial distribution of
plasma wave clearly corresponds to the magnetic anomalies and also depends on
the solar wind parameters. We also introduce characteristics of the plasma
waves and relationship between wave and particle features.
16:40 H10.9 WAVES AT THE PROTON CYCLOTRON FREQUENCY AT
MARS
C. Mazelle, IRAP / Univ. of Toulouse - CNRS, Toulouse, France
The
presence of waves measured by Mars Global Surveyor at the local proton
cyclotron frequency in the solar wind revealed the presence of an extended
exosphere at Mars. These waves can have large amplitude even at large
distances. We present new analyses of high resolution measurements of Mars
Global Surveyor magnetometer and electron spectrometer during the aerobraking
hiatus. Comparison with observations by Mars Express SPICAM instrument will
help to obtain new insights in the connection between the spatial distribution
of these waves and the geometry of the Martian hydrogen exosphere. Implications
for the future Maven observations are discussed.
17:00 End of the Session
J10 – Mm and Sub-mm Science and Technology with a Special Focus on ALMA
Session Chairs: Richard Hills, Goutam Chattopadhyay, Shep Doleman
Session J10
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Friday, August 19, 13:40-17:20
Room Marmara
13:40 J10.1 CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS, PLANET FORMATION, AND
ALMA
S. M. Andrews, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Boston, MA, United States
The
ALMA project will dramatically advance our observational understanding of the
planet formation process by providing unprecedented high angular resolution and
sensitive measurements of the birth sites of planets, the gas and dust disks
around young stars. I will present an overview of a few key ALMA experiments
that will address some fundamental issues related to the structure and
evolution of these protoplanetary disks, as well as a new technique that may
provide unique, new access to extremely young exoplanet systems.
14:00 J10.2 THE ALMA 64-ANTENNA CORRELATOR: MAIN
TECHNICAL FEATURES AND SCIENCE MODES
The
ALMA 64-antenna correlator with digital hybrid XF architecture processes data
from up to 64 antennas for 16 GHz bandwidth in two polarizations. Each 2 GHz
baseband is divided into 32 frequency agile sub-bands prior to correlation.
Baseband division is accomplished in a 3-stage digital filter implemented in
large FPGAs. The basic building block in the correlator card is a 256-lag
circuit implemented in a 4096-lag ASIC. All 4 correlator quadrants have been
constructed and two are commissioned for ALMA Early Science. The observing
modes are described and operational flexibility is underlined.
14:20 J10.3 SCIENCE WITH THE HETERODYNE INSTRUMENT FOR
THE FAR-INFRARED (HERSCHEL-HIFI) AND OUTLOOK
F. P. Helmich, SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Groningen, Netherlands
HIFI,
the Heterodyne Instrument for the Far-Infrared, is the high resolution
spectrometer on board of Herschel. The instrument is designed to be electronically
tuneable over a wide and continuous frequency range in the Far Infrared, with
velocity resolutions better than 0.1 km/s with a high sensitivity. This will
enable detailed investigations of a wide variety of astronomical sources,
ranging from solar system objects, star formation regions to nuclei of
galaxies. I will briefly introduce the instrument and show high-lights from the
science. Overlaps with ALMA will be indicated as well as follow up by
SPICA-SAFARI.
14:40 J10.4 THE ALMA PHOTONIC LOCAL OSCILLATOR SYSTEM
The
Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) Central Local Oscillator (LO) system
generates and distributes the LO and timing references for ALMA. These are used
by the Front End and Back End Systems at the antenna, and by the Correlator in
the central building. Due to the combination of high sky frequencies (up to 950
GHz) and long baselines of up to 15km, the ALMA 1st LO requirement is
particularly stringent, with extremely precise timing and synchronization
needed down to ~10 femtosecond level. This paper focuses on the ALMA 1st LO
reference distribution, which is implemented by the Photonic LO system.
15:00 J10.5 1 MM DUAL-POLARIZATION SCIENCE WITH CARMA
C. L. H. Hull, R. Plambeck, G. Engargiola, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
We
have constructed dual polarization 1mm receivers for the CARMA array. A key
science goal for these receivers is to map the linearly polarized thermal
emission from dust grains in interstellar clouds, which may be used to infer
the magnetic field morphologies in these regions. To observe circular
polarization, we install a waveguide polarizer between the feed horn and the
OMT (orthomode transducer), at a temperature of 4 K, to convert incoming
circularly polarized signals into linearly polarized signals. The receivers use
waveguide OMTs (orthomode transducers), SIS (superconductor-insulator
superconductor) mixers, and WBA-13 LNAs (low-noise amplifiers).
M. Saito, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
The
Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) is a millimeter and submillimeter
astronomical observatory being built in northern Chile. The array consists of a
12-m array (50 12-m antennas) and of the Atacama compact array (4 12-m antennas
and 12 7-m antennas). The ALMA antennas are required to meet very stringent
technical specification such as pointing/tracking accuracy, fast motion
capability, and surface accuracy etc. under operating conditions. The paper
describes the design features and summarizes major performance of the ALMA
antennas.
15:40 Tea/Coffee Break
16:00 J10.7 DESIGN FOR CCAT, A 25 M DIA TELESCOPE
OPERATING FROM 200 GHZ TO 1.5 THZ
CCAT
(Cerro Chajnantor Atacama Telescope) will be a 25 m diameter telescope
operating in the 0.2-2 mm wavelength range. It will be located at an altitude
of 5600 m in northern Chile. The key performance challenges for CCAT are a half
wavefront error <10 microns rms, pointing error <0.2". Meeting these
requirements at an affordable cost has required pushing the state-of-the-art
for the reflector segments, CFRP truss with a uniform 0.2 ppm/C CTE, truss to
steel connection and closed loop control of the surface using innovative low
cost edge sensors.
16:20 J10.8 ATMOSPHERIC PHASE CORRECTION FOR ALMA WITH
183 GHZ WATER VAPOUR RADIOMETERS
One
of the great challenges for ALMA is overcoming the natural limits set by the
turbulence in the atmosphere to achieve resolutions as fine as ten
milli-arcseconds. A critical component toward achieving this are mm-wave
radiometers on ALMA telescopes that observe the emission from the atmospheric
water vapour line at 183GHz. The information from these radiometers can be used
to compute the fluctuations in total water vapour and path along the line of
sight of each telescope. Here we review the design of the radiometers, describe
the software processing steps and show some results from the ALMA site.
16:40 J10.9 (SUB)MILLIMETER VLBI SCIENCE WITH ALMA
V. L. Fish, MIT Haystack Observatory, Westford, MA, United States
ALMA
will be one of the most powerful (sub)millimeter ground-based observatories for
many years to come. Its sensitivity and location make it an excellent candidate
site for very long baseline interferometry with existing millimeter VLBI
networks, including the VLBA, Global Millimeter VLBI Array, and Event Horizon
Telescope. An international team is proposing to construct a phased-array
processor to enable ALMA participation in these VLBI networks. This
presentation will focus on the broad science impact of millimeter VLBI with
phased ALMA on the high-resolution study of supermassive black holes, pulsars,
AGN jets, and other astronomical objects.
17:00 J10.10 PROGRESS WITH COMMISSIONING AND SCIENCE
VERIFICATION OF ALMA
S. A. Corder, National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, VA, United States
Construction
and commissioning of the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA) is
progressing rapidly. In this paper I report on the progress of array
commissioning and science verification (CSV). I summarize the current
performance of the array including noise temperatures, calibration accuracy and
available observing modes. At the time of presentation of this paper, ALMA
science verification observations will likely be available to the public. I
will present the results and comparison data as well as update and detail the
array status.
17:20 End of the Session
KAE – Anatomical Human Models Development and Exposure Assessment
Session Chairs: Yoon Myoung Gimm, Soichi Watanabe
Session KAE
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Friday, August 19, 13:40-17:20
Room Loft
13:40 KAE.1 RESEARCH OF TISSUE/ORGAN SPECIFIED SAR
WITH CHINESE FEMALE ANATOMICAL MODEL ON 12 FREQUENCIES
Wide-band
EMF exposure is very popular in modern society. People could be simultaneously
exposed by EMF with multiple frequencies from several incident directions. This
work utilizes the Chinese female anatomical model to perform FDTD simulation
with frequencies from 20MHz to 3GHz. SAR has been calculated for each
tissue/organs on 12 frequencies. For each tissue/ organ, the maximal and
minimal normalized SARs have also been compared. Results show that the tissue/
organ SAR change drastically with the frequencies and incident configurations.
Simplified simulation protocols should be studied to comprehensively evaluate
the human exposure by wide-band EMF.
14:00 KAE.2 WHOLE-BODY AVERAGE SARS IN KOREAN MALE
MODELS
A.-K. Lee, H.-D. Choi, ETRI, Daejeon, South Korea
Compliance
of the reference level (electric field strength) to the basic restriction
(whole-body average SAR) was examined for Korean male models at the ages of 1,
3, 5, 7 and 20. We considered the standing postures with arms up and down. The
results show that the current exposure limits are not conservative in frequency
regions of lower than 200 MHz and higher than 1 GHz. The lowest safety factor,
which is the ratio of the WBA SAR to 4 W/kg, the threshold for adverse effects
for the ICNIRP reference levels was calculated as between 30 and 3.
14:20 KAE.3 JAPANESE VOXEL-BASED COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
AND THEIR APPLICATIONS
Recent
years have seen development of various high-resolution human computational
models using advanced computer performance, and their frequent usage in electromagnetic
dosimetry for the human body. The National Institute of Information and
Communications Technology (NICT) in Japan used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
data to develop anatomically realistic whole-body computational models of adult
males and females, pregnant females and children of average Japanese body
types. In this paper, we detail the Japanese computational models and describe
various approaches to modeling and simulation with human computational models.
14:40 KAE.4 FEM BASED MORPHING OF WHOLE BODY HUMAN
MODELS
D. Szczerba, E. Neufeld, M. Zefferer, B. Bhlmann, N. Kuster, Zeughaustr. 43, Zurich, Switzerland
The
requirements for virtual anatomical models are constantly growing due to the
rapidly developing market for medical devices. It is important to provide
optimal coverage of the potential population with anatomical models (with
regard to height, pose, body mass index, etc.). The Virtual Population project
already provides several "base" models, some of them poseable. In
this study we demonstrate the applicability of the finite element method (FEM)
to achieve realistic body poses and to predict changes in body appearance
following volume increase or decrease of body fat parameterizing the body mass
index (BMI) up to a factor of two.
15:00 KAE.5 STATISTICAL APPROACH FOR EXPOSURE
ASSESSMENT TO IEEE 802.11 BASE STATIONS IN INDOOR ENVIRONMENTS
The
paper presents a methodology developed and implemented for the experimental
assessment of human exposure to Indoor Base Stations compliant with the IEEE
802.11 Standards. An efficient procedure that combines simulations and
measurements has been introduced and verified in selected and controlled
environments. The procedure is based on a precise simulation of the
electromagnetic ambience where the access points are deployed, by means of a
combination of physical and ray optics. Data have been statistically analyzed
and compared to measurements, to identify conservative exposure coefficients
that minimize the number of measuring points, without introducing an excessive
overestimate.
15:20 KAE.6 FETUS RF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS. PRELIMINARY
RESULTS BASED ON THREE REALISTIC 3D DIGITAL MODELS
WHO
has recommended studies dedicated to fetus exposure. The exposure assessment of
fetuses is facing 3 major challenges. The first challenge is the limited number
of existing anatomically corrects models of mother and fetus. The second
challenge is the lack of tools allowing deforming the fetus and mother models .
The third challenge is the management of the complexity of this problem to
assess the statistical distribution of the exposure. The FETUS project, granted
by ANR in France and JST in Japan, is dealing with these ambitious challenges.
In this paper we present the works performed within this project
15:40 Tea/Coffee Break
16:20 KAE.8 VARIABILITY OF TEMPERATURE ELEVATION IN
ANATOMICALLY-BASED HUMAN BODY MODELS
A. Hirata, O. Fujiwara, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Japan
Temperature
elevation is a dominant factor inducing potential health effects, although
specific absorption rate (SAR) is used as a metric for human protection. This
paper reviews computational techniques for calculating temperature elevation in
anatomically-based human models for microwave exposures. Then, variability of
temperature elevation in different human models is investigated. Dominant
factors influencing temperature elevation are also discussed.
16:40 KAE.9 COMPARISON OF INDUCED ANKLE CURRENTS OF
THE HUMAN-BODY EQUIVALENT ANTENNAS AND ANATOMICALLY HUMAN MODELS EXPOSED TO
NEARBY MONOPOLE ANTENNAS
In
this paper, the induced ankle currents of the liquid-type human-body equivalent
antennas are compared to those of their corresponding Japanese anatomical
models when exposed to nearby monopole antennas. The purpose is to determining
if they will be in good agreement like the case of plane wave exposure from
which they were designed. We obtain good agreement in induced current for the
frequencies above 45 MHz This is because at frequencies above 45 MHz,
equivalent antennas appear to be at far fields of the monopole antennas, at
which the fields becomes similar to those of the plane wave.
17:00 KAE.10 PEOPLE AND PLANES: DEVELOPMENT OF
BROADBAND EMC MODELS OF BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS IN AIRCRAFT
M. P. Robinson, I. D. Flintoft, G. C. R. Melia, University of York, York, United Kingdom
At
microwave frequencies, an aircraft can be modelled as a multi-mode, reverberant
EM environment. The presence of people on board will damp its resonances, thus
lowering their Q-factors and increasing the propagation loss between two
points. The relevant parameter is the mean absorption cross section of the
body, which is of the order of one sixth of body surface area. For EM
simulations of aircraft it is necessary to develop broadband numerical phantoms
to represent the people on board. These should be at an appropriate level of
detail somewhere between millimetre-resolution dosimetry phantoms and
homogeneous dielectric spheres.
17:20 End of the Session
GHE2 – Lightning Induced Effects in the Ionosphere and Magnetosphere, II
Session Chairs: Martin Fullekrug, Victor Pasko, Farhad Rachidi
Session GHE2
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Friday, August 19, 14:40-17:20
Room Topkapi A
14:40 GHE2.1 ISUAL MULTI-BAND OBSERVATIONS OF ELVES
The
Imager of Sprites and Upper Atmospheric Lightning (ISUAL) experiment on the
FORMOSAT-2 satellite inferred the global occurrence rates of sprites, halos and
elves to be ~1, ~1 and 35 events/min, respectively [Chen et al., 2008; Hsu et
al., 2009]. Hence, elve is the most abundant type of transient luminous events
(TLEs). From analyzing brightness observed by ISUAL Imager through different
filters (1PN2, 762, 630, 557.7, 427.8 nm), the relative intensity of the OH
(9,3), O1D, O1S, 1NN2+ and O2 Atmosphere band (0,0) emissions in elves will be
discussed.
15:00 GHE2.2 SPRITE HALO STRUCTURES AND STREAMER ONSET
Imaging
of sprites at 16,000 frames per second indicates that streamers may be spawned
from spatial structure in the preceding sprite halo. The halo structures
descend rapidly with the sprite halo, but slow down and stop to form the
stationary glow seen in the vicinity region of the streamer onset. The
streamers emerge suddenly from the halo structure propagating downwards at
~10^7 m/s. The velocities during the rapid descend of the halo are similar to
those of the streamers. The luminous halo structures last longer than the main
halo, which fades prior to streamer formation.
15:20 GHE2.3 MULTIPLE ION SPECIES FLUID MODELING OF
SPRITE HALOS
N. Liu, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, United States
Sprite
halos are brief descending glows appearing at the lower ionosphere boundary,
following strong cloud-to-ground lightning discharges. In this talk, we report
a modeling study of sprite halos by using a recently developed 2D fluid model
of multiple ion species. The model species include electrons, O-, light
positive and negative ions, and positive and negative cluster ions. The O- ions
are treated separately from other light negative ions, because electron
detachment of O- can proceed very fast under certain conditions. We present
modeling results of time variations of ion densities and the resulting dynamics
of atmospheric conductivity profile.
15:40 Tea/Coffee Break
16:00 GHE2.4 OBSERVATIONS OF LIGHTNING FLASH
DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATED WITH GIGANTIC JETS
We
report the observations of two gigantic jets, one during daytime over sea and
one at nighttime over land, in the context of detailed associated observations
of lightning flash and discharge evolution provided by a variety of radio
measurements, including lightning mapping array measurements that document the
overall flash morphology and temporal dynamics.
16:20 GHE2.5 MODELLING CHANGES OF THE IONOSPHERIC
POTENTIAL DUE TO LIGHTNING AND SPRITES
An
analog electrical engineering model of the global atmospheric electric circuit
has been constructed with thunderstorms and electrified rain clouds as
generators. It has been used to estimate changes to the ionospheric potential
(~ +250 kV) due to lightning and sprites. It has been found that this is: (i)
+3.7V for a negative cloud-to-ground (CG) discharge having a typical return
stroke current of 30 kA, (ii) - 43 V for a typical positive CG discharge with a
2 kA continuing current lasting 90 ms, (iii) -2.3V for an intra-cloud
discharge, and (iv) -1.0V for a sprite.
16:40 GHE2.6 TLE PRODUCING IONOSPHERIC DISTURBANACES: OBSERVATION
AND NUMERICAL MODELING
This
paper reports on the direct comparison between experimental and numerical
results of the ionospheric disturbances associated with red sprites in the
mesosphere. The ionospheric disturbances due to the sprite ionization column is
observed by monitoring of the amplitude and phase of distant VLF transmitter
signals at several locations in Japan, whilst the numerical computation to
calculate the spatio-temporal dependence of the observed VLF waves is performed
by using a two-dimensional FDTD method. As a result, the observed maximum
scattered amplitude and phase changes are in close agreement with the numerical
results both for carrot and column sprites.
17:00 GHE2.7 WAVEFORMS OF NIGHTTIME ATMOSPHERICS AS A
MEASURE OF THE LOWER IONOSPHERIC ELECTRON DENSITY PROFILES OVER UK AND FRANCE
ON AUGUST 31, 2008
We
use FDTD modeling to perform time domain analysis of night-time atmospherics
observed near Bath UK on August 31st 2008. The electric field waveforms of CG
lightning located at 330+-5 km and 530+-5 km away from the radio receiver are
averaged to produce one waveform for each distance that are subsequently used
for comparison with FDTD modeling. The results indicate that the observed
averaged waveform at 530 km can be best represented by the electron density
profile with height h'=87 km and sharpness beta=1 km-1, using notations of Wait
and Spies [1964].
17:20 End of the Session
Session Chairs: Ozlem Kilic, P. Murphy
Session AC
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Saturday, August 20, 08:00-10:40
Room Dolmabahçe C
08:00 AC.1 THE REVIEWS AND PROSPECTS FOR RADIOMETER
CALIBRATION RESEARCH OF BIRMM
The
reviews and prospects for radiometer calibration research of BIRMM (Beijing
Radio Institute of Metrology and Measurement) are presented in this paper. The
papers interests are concentrated on three principal parts as follows. Firstly,
the timetable about research for radiometer calibration target is shown in a
figure according to time sequence since 1995. Second, the traceability link for
calibration targets, including their operational theory, is introduced in the
section III and section IV concisely. Finally, the discussion about two key
points of radiometer calibration and summary based on content above are
presented in the end.
08:20 AC.2 BATTERY BASED VERTICAL HANDOVER BETWEEN
WIMAX AND WLAN TECHNOLOGIES
Nowadays,
the battery life time becomes one of the most important challenges of the next
generation wireless networks especially for mobile equipments that support more
than wireless technologies. Different wireless technologies have different
battery energy consumption levels. In this paper we propose a methodology for
triggering the handover process among different wireless technologies based on
the user terminal battery level status. Our study will efficiently saves the
battery life time of the user terminal based on its surrounding wireless access
technologies and its mobile terminal capabilities.
08:40 AC.3 INTERMODULATION BEAM SPREADING IN
DISTRIBUTED COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
In
active multiple-beam distributed communication systems, power amplifiers are
shared between different beams, creating conditions of multi-tone operation of
the amplifiers. Amplifier nonlinearities result in the creation of undesirable
intermodulation components within transmit and receive bands. Coherent
radiations of the intermodulation components follow certain beam patterns with
special distributions that are different from the main beams in the system. The
formation of the intermodulation beams and their spread over the coverage area
are such that the interference caused by the intermodulation products occurs at
reduced values and contributes minimally to the reduction in the system S/N
ratio.
09:00 AC.4 VARIATION OF RADIO REFRACTIVITY GRADIENT
AND EFFECTIVE EARTH RADIUS FACTOR (K-FACTOR) OVER AKURE, SOUTH WESTERN NIGERIA
Measurements
of atmospheric pressure, temperature and relative humidity were made in Akure,
South Western Nigeria using Wireless weather stations positioned at different
height levels beginning from the ground surface and at intervals of 50m to an
altitude of 200m on a TV tower. From the data collected, radio refractivity,
its gradient and effective earth radius factor (k-factor) was calculated. The
results show that refractivity values were high during the rainy season. The
average refractivity gradient is -52.8N/km and the average value of k-factor is
1.51 for the two years of this report.
09:20 Tea/Coffee Break
09:40 AC.5 AN IMPROVED SCHEME TOWARDS FAST HANDOVER
IN A HIERARCHICAL MOBILE NETWORK
R. Chaki, N. Guhaniyogi, West Bengal University of Technology, Kolkata, W.B., India
Network
mobility support is a matter of great concern in mobile IPv6. The authors have
proposed an innovative scheme for handling the delay due to handover. The
proposed scheme aims to free Mobility Anchor Point (MAP) from overload, while
guaranteeing low latency due to handoff.
10:00 AC.6 3.3 - 3.7 GHZ 1800 HYBRID COUPLER DESIGN
O. Kizilbey, O. Palautcuogullari, TUBITAK BILGEM, Kocaeli, Turkey
This
paper presents a microstrip coupler, composed of two parts. The first one is a
Wilkinson divider which provides separation between the two output ports. The
second is phase shifter composed of two filters consisting of 3 dB 180 degree
hybrid couplers, the coupled and transmitted port being short circuited or open
circuited on the bottom and top surfaces of printed circuit board. The
simulation results are valid over the 3.3-3.7 GHz band and contain the coupling
between input and output ports as well as phase shift isolation 3.3 dB and 178
degree and 20 dB.
10:20 AC.7 A COMPACT SIZE RECONFIGURABLE PIFA ANTENNA
FOR USE IN MOBILE HANDSET
A
planar inverted-F type reconfigurable antenna with slot is presented. The
antenna can cover frequency bands which include Digital Cellular Service (DCS:
17101880 MHz), Personal Communication Service (PCS: 18501990 MHz), and
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS: 19002200 MHz). Initially, the
reconfigurability of the proposed antenna is achieved by attaching lumped
capacitor over the slit of the radiator with values range from 1.5- 4pf. The
measured and simulated results reveal that the fabricated proposed antenna is
capable of obtaining tunable frequency ratio from 1850MHz to 2200MHz with
overall size of 2113.55 mm3.
10:40 End of the Session
B12 – Novel Mathematical Methods in Electromagnetics
Session Chairs: Yury Shestopalov, Kazuya Kobayashi
Session B12
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Saturday, August 20, 08:00-10:40
Room Anadolu Auditorium
08:00 B12.1 ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING AND RADIATION
OF WAVES BY A THIN TOROIDAL TUBE WITH SEMI-TRANSPARENT WALLS
The
work deals with a scalar model of wave scattering and radiation by a thin
toroidal tube with the varying longitudinal ``conductivity''. The walls of the
toroidal tube are assumed to be semi-transparent for the waves. The
corresponding boundary conditions represent a direct scalar analog of the electromagnetic
boundary conditions describing electromagnetic properties of carbon nanotubes
(CNTs) recently discussed in the literature. The length of the tube is much
greater than its thickness. The leading term of the formal asymptotics is
developed and analyzed. The scattering amplitude is then considered and its
resonant properties are discussed.
08:20 B12.2 1/R^2-KERNEL CANCELATION IN CLASSICAL
MARCHING-ON-IN-TIME SCHEMES
A. Geranmayeh, W. Ackermann, T. Weiland, Technische Universitaet Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
Cancelation
of 1/R^2-associated integrals in numerical solution of the magnetic field
integral equations are explained to halve the computational costs of the
classical marching-on-in-time (MOT) schemes in which the delay time is
approximated by the barycentric distance of the patches. The new technique
improves the accuracy of the MOT as the resulting interpolation coefficients
for calculation of impedance matrices became independent of the electrical
distance of surface elements. Additionally, the analytical closed-form
expressions for calculation of the remaining 1/R^3-associated integrals allow
the fast calculation of the retarded matrices on demand.
08:40 B12.3 EIGENCURRENT EXPANSION AND LINEAR
EMBEDDING VIA GREENS OPERATORS APPLIED TO DESIGN OPTIMIZATION OF DEVICES IN
ELECTROMAGNETIC BAND-GAP STRUCTURES
An
efficient formulation based on the linear embedding via Green's operators
(LEGO) and the eigencurrent expansion method (EEM) to optimize composite wave
interaction structures is presented. In LEGO a composite structure is chopped
in bricks that are characterized through scattering operators and the
interaction among them is capture with transfer operators. To efficiently deal
with large structures, LEGO is endowed with the EEM. We show how any optimization
can be performed using a operator defined over few bricks enclosing the space
where the fields are sampled. This operator naturally separates the domain to
be optimized from the fixed one.
09:00 B12.4 SCATTERING OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES BY
INHOMOGENEOUS DIELECTRIC GRATINGS LOADED WITH PARALLEL PERFECTLY CONDUCTING
STRIPS
T. Yamasaki, R. Ozaki, T. Hinata, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan
In
this paper, we have proposed a new method for the scattering of electromagnetic
waves by inhomogeneous dielectric gratings loaded with parallel perfectly
conducting strips using the combination of improved Fourier series expansion
method and point matching method. Our approach also can treat periodic configurations
having arbitrary combinations of dielectric, metallic, and perfectly conducting
components. Numerical results are given for the transmitted scattered
characteristics for the case of frequency loaded with parallel perfectly
conducting strips for TE and TM waves.
09:20 Tea/Coffee Break
09:40 B12.5 THE CAPACITY CHANGE OF A BOUNDED OBJECT IN
A PARALLEL PLATE CAPACITOR
G. Kristensson, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
The
change in capacitance, if an object is introduced in a parallel plate
capacitor, is analyzed. The integral representation of the potential is
exploited in a systematic way to solve the potential everywhere inside the
capacitor. In particular, the change in capacitance is extracted. The method
shows similarities with the null field approach to solve dynamic problems.
10:00 B12.6 SEM-BASED ANALYSIS OF ANTENNA RADIATION
PROPERTIES
D. Caratelli, A. Yarovoy, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
A
novel analytical singularity-expansion-method-based approach to the modeling of
transient antenna radiation is presented. Any electromagnetic field prediction
model can be used to derive a minimal spherical harmonic expansion of the
equivalent currents excited along a Huygens surface enclosing the antenna under
analysis. In this way, the time-domain electromagnetic field radiated in the
Fraunhofer region is evaluated analytically in terms of a newly introduced
class of incomplete modified Bessel functions as the superposition of
non-uniform spherical wave contributions which account for the natural resonant
processes occurring in the structure.
10:20 B12.7 SPECTRAL PROPERTIES OF THE QUARTER-PLANE
PROBLEM USING THE WIENER-HOPF METHOD
V. Daniele, G. Lombardi, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
This
paper reviews the two dimensional spectral formulation of the quarter-plane
problem using the Wiener-Hopf method. Properties of this representation are
investigated and an approximate method for the solution is proposed using the
Fredholm factorization method together with recursive equations.
10:40 End of the Session
C13 – Signal Processing Advances for Cognitive Radio
Session Chairs: Vinod Prasad, Jacques Palicot
Session C13
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Saturday, August 20, 08:00-10:40
Room Dolmabahçe A
08:00 C13.1 AUTOMATIC MODULATION CLASSIFICATION FOR
COGNITIVE RADIOS USING CUMULANTS BASED ON FRACTIONAL LOWER ORDER STATISTICS
Blind
classification of the received signal finds an important application in
software defined radio (SDR) and cognitive radio (CR) systems. The challenging
task in AMC is to classify the received signal into a modulation type without
any prior information about the transmitted signal. This becomes even more
difficult when the received signal is corrupted by adverse channel conditions
such as noise and fading. This paper presents a method for the automatic
classification using cumulants derived using fractional lower order statistics.
The performance of the classifier is presented in the form of probability of
correct classification under noisy and fading conditions.
08:20 C13.2 HIGHER ORDER STATISTICS CLASSIFICATION OF
MULTI-USER CHIRP MODULATION SIGNALS USING CLUSTERING TECHNIQUES
DIGITAL
SIGNAL CLASSIFICATION USING CLUSTERING HAS MANY APPLICATIONS IN THE CIVILIAN
AND MILITARY DOMAINS. MOST OF THE PROPOSED CLASSIFIERS CAN ONLY RECOGNIZE A FEW
TYPES OF DIGITAL SIGNALS. THIS PAPER PRESENTS A NOVEL TECHNIQUE THAT DEALS WITH
THE CLASSIFICATION OF THE MULTI-USER CHIRP MODULATION SIGNALS USING CLUSTERING
TECHNIQUES. IN THIS TECHNIQUE, A COMBINATION OF HIGHER ORDER MOMENTS AND
CUMULANTS ARE PROPOSED AS THE EFFECTIVE FEATURES. SIMULATION RESULTS SHOW THAT
THE PROPOSED TECHNIQUE IS ABLE TO CLASSIFY THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF CHIRP SIGNALS
IN ADDATIVE WHITE GAUSSIAN NOISE CHANNEL AND FUZZY C-MEANS CLUSTERING
OUTPERFORM FUZZY K-MEANS CLUSTERING.
08:40 C13.3 ENHANCED HYBRID SPECTRUM SENSING
ARCHITECTURE FOR COGNITIVE RADIO EQUIPMENT
Z. I. Khalaf, A. Nafkha, J. Palicot, Supelec/IETR, Rennes, France
Spectrum
sensing is an important process in cognitive communication and must be
performed accurately. In this paper we propose a low complexity detector based
on a combination of two well-known and complementary spectrum sensing methods:
energy and cyclostationary detection. The cyclostationary detector is used to
estimate the noise level N0, which is then used to fix the threshold of the
energy detector. Simulation results show promising performances of the proposed
detector in low Signal to Noise Ratio.
09:00 C13.4 DTV SPECTRUM SENSING WITH PILOT TONE
FILTERING
In
cognitive radio communication technique, unlicensed users monitor the existence
and availability of licensed (primary) users spectrum and attempt to exploit it
when the primary users do not use their spectrum. In this technique, an
effective spectrum sensing is very crucial for not to disturb primary user. One
of the most effective spectrum sensing approaches is pilot tone detection. In
this paper, an effective pilot tone detection method is proposed. In the
proposed method, Goertzel Algorithm is used in this pilot tone detection and
pilot tones have been detected correctly on actual DTV signal records.
09:20 Tea/Coffee Break
09:40 C13.5 A SPATIAL AND SPECTRAL DETECTION APPROACH
FOR PRIMARY USER INTERFERENCE
W. T. E. Lee, A. P. Vinod, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
The
objective of cognitive radio is to allow utilization of unused frequency bands
allocated to Primary Users by Secondary Users while maintaining negligible
interference to PUs. This paper proposes a method for interference avoidance to
PUs by combining beamforming based spatial signal processing and compressed
sensing technique with Fast Filter Bank based spectral signal processing.
Simulation results show that if a frequency band for SU is selected such that
it is adjacent to a PU, with the aid of diversity gained from spatial signal
processing, the interference by SUs to PUs can be further reduced by at least
20dB.
10:00 C13.6 ENERGY DETECTION LIMITS UNDER NOISE
UNCERTAINTY AND LOG-NORMAL APPROXIMATION OF CHI-SQUARE DISTRIBUTIONS
W. Jouini, D. Le Guennec, C. Moy, J. Palicot, SUPELEC, Cesson Sevigne, France
We
reconsider the case of Log-Normal approximated noise uncertainty. Thus, we
suggest and analyze a LogNormal approximation of Chi-square distributions. We
evaluate this approximation and compare it to the usually suggested Normal
approximation. We show that the introduced Log-Normal approximation of
Chi-square distributions offers a better fit than the Normal approximation.
Moreover, we apply this approximation to analyze energy detection limits under
LogNormal approximated noise uncertainty. The considered model and the
mathematical approximation enable us to present a new expression of the
\textit{SNR-wall} that depends on the desired detection performances and the
noise uncertainty.
10:20 C13.7 A COOPERATIVE RESOURCE ALLOCATION STRATEGY
FOR MULTI-RATE TRANSMISSIONS IN WIRELESS NETWORKS.
This
paper proposeS a cooperative bandwidth allocation strategy for conventional
multi-rate transmission in wireless networks. It efficiently assigns the
available bandwidth according to the transmission rate without additional power
consumption. The low rate users cooperate with the high rate users by
dedicating a part of their bandwidth to either relay the data or send a part of
it. A thorough performance assessment is performed to evaluate the proposed
strategy against conventional management that fairly share the bandwidth
regardless of the transmission rate. The cooperative strategy illustrates
enhanced performances and remarkable capability to support higher rates under
different transmission conditions.
10:40 End of the Session
DF – Hyperspectral Sensing and LIDAR
Session Chairs: Emile Schweicher, Maurus Tacke
Session DF
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Saturday, August 20, 08:00-10:40
Room Dolmabahçe B
08:00 DF.1 OPEN FIELD TRIALS OF LIDARS & HS
(HYPERSPECTRAL SENSORS), PART 1
E. Schweicher, RMA (Royal Military Academy), Brussels, Belgium
Two
kinds of sensors will be highlighted (and shortly explained whenever
necessary): 1. 3-D lidars (or laser radars) 2. Hyperspectral Sensors (HS).
Using results recorded during the NATO field trials SCI-145, it will be shown
that both previous sensors are able to defeat most CCD (Camouflage, Concealment
& Deception) measures.
08:20 DF.2 OPEN FIELD TRIALS OF LIDARS & HS
(HYPERSPECTRAL SENSORS), PART 2
E. Schweicher, RMA (Royal Military Academy), Brussels, Belgium
Two
kinds of sensors will be highlighted (and shortly explained whenever
necessary): 1. 3-D lidars (or laser radars) 2. Hyperspectral Sensors (HS).
Using results recorded during the NATO field trials SCI-145, it will be shown
that both previous sensors are able to defeat most CCD (Camouflage, Concealment
& Deception) measures.
08:40 DF.3 HYPERSPECTRAL SENSING FOR DETECTION OF
IMPROVISED EXPLOSIVE DEVICES, PART 1
M. Tacke, Fraunhofer IOSB, Ettlingen, Germany
NATO
under a variety of technology groups has been involved in the Development and
Applications of Lasers for the last 5 decades. This presentation will recap the
history of this laser development and testing for military applications.
09:00 DF.4 HYPERSPECTRAL SENSING FOR DETECTION OF
IMPROVISED EXPLOSIVE DEVICES, PART 2
M. Tacke, Fraunhofer IOSB, Ettlingen, Germany
NATO
under a variety of technology groups has been involved in the Development and
Applications of Lasers for the last 5 decades. This presentation will recap the
history of this laser development and testing for military applications.
09:20 Tea/Coffee Break
09:40 DF.5 HYPERSPECTRAL ANOMALY DETECTION: A
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF METHODS
Anomaly
detection methods in hyperspectral data have received a lot of attention for
various applications. Their aim is to detect pixels in hyperspectral data whose
spectra differ significantly from the background spectra. Anomaly detection
methods estimate the spectra of the background and then detect anomalies as
pixels with a large spectral distance w.r.t. these background spectra. The aim
of this paper is to compare the results of different types of anomaly detection
when they are applied to scenes with different complexity: urban scenes with
different complexity and rural scenes with sub-pixel anomalies.
10:20 DF.7 SPREADING OF RADIAL GAUSSIAN BEAM ARRAY IN
TURBULENT ATMOSPHERE
The
laser beam array is often encountered and widely used in many fields, and its
propagation through the turbulent atmosphere is a very important subject in the
case of remote sensing, imaging and communication systems. We investigate the
spreading of radial Gaussian beam array under non-Kolmogorov model. The results
indicate that the beam spreading width depends greatly on the beam number and
the generalized exponent of the non-Kolmogorov model. The optimum ring radius,
which leads to a minimum beam spreading width, is suggested. When the
turbulence is strong, the optimization effect by the ring radius is weakened.
10:40 End of the Session
E11 – EMC and Signal Integrity
Session Chair: Rodolfo Araneo
Session E11
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Saturday, August 20, 08:00-10:40
Room Galata
08:00 E11.1 TRANSIENT ANALYSIS OF CROSSTALK IN PCB
INTERCONNECTS INCLUDING PROCESS VARIATION
P. Manfredi, I. S. Stievano, F. G. Canavero, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
This
paper addresses the generation of an enhanced transmission line model for the
transient analysis of long bus-like interconnects with the inclusion of
parameters uncertainties. The proposed approach is based on the expansion of
the well known frequency-domain telegraph equations in terms of orthogonal
polynomials and on the back conversion to time domain via Fourier
superposition. An application example involving the crosstalk analysis of a PCB
coupled-microstrip interconnect with uncertainties in the relative dielectric
permittivity and trace separation concludes the paper.
08:20 E11.2 NOISE COUPLING FROM SINGLE-ENDED OR
DIFFERENTIAL SIGNALING TO NEARBY POWER TRACE
F. Xiao, Y. Kami, University of Electro-Communications, Chofu_city, Tokyo, Japan
Power
and ground planes in the multilayer PCB exhibits cavity resonance. Replacing
the power supply planes by traces can considerably reduce the noise in the
reference or ground. The power trace, however, may be coupled by nearby
single-ended or differential signaling. The noise coupling from a single-ended
or differential signaling to a nearby power trace is investigated in this work.
First, the telegrapher's equations for multiconductor lines are applied. The
analysis and results of the noise coupling are obtained by using the mode
decomposition technique. The results will be used as guidelines in the future
interconnect design.
08:40 E11.3 INFLUENCE OF THE TRAPEZOIDAL CROSS-SECTION
OF SINGLE AND COUPLED INVERTED EMBEDDED MICROSTRIP LINES ON SIGNAL INTEGRITY
D. Vande Ginste, D. De Zutter, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
The
influence of the shape of the cross-section of metallic conductors on the
signal integrity behavior of on-chip interconnects is investigated. It is shown
that, thanks to an advanced modeling technique based on the Dirichlet to
Neumann boundary operator, this influence can be accurately predicted. As a
case study, a single inverted embedded microstrip (IEM) line and a pair of
coupled IEMs are considered. These structures are first described in terms of
their resistance, inductance, capacitance, and conductance transmission line
parameters. Second, a signal integrity study is performed in terms of time
domain transmission eye diagrams and crosstalk.
09:00 E11.4 MEASUREMENT OF SPURIOUS INTERFERENCE
EFFECTS DUE TO THE EXCITATION OF LOW FREQUENCY LEAKY MODES IN A COVERED
MICROSTRIP
For
a sufficiently small top cover height a leaky mode can be excited on a covered
microstrip structure at low frequencies. The interference between this leaky
mode and the bound mode of the structure can cause spurious effects in the signal
transmitted by the line. In this work we have designed and fabricated an
experimental prototype of a covered microstrip line. For that structure our
numerical analysis predicts an important destructive interference effect in the
transmitted signal at a given (low) frequency. This will be verified by using a
commercial electromagnetic simulator and by experimental measurements.
09:20 Tea/Coffee Break
09:40 E11.5 AN EMC EXPERIMENTAL KIT FOR DEMONSTRATING
THE EFFECT OF PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD LAYOUT ON THE RADIATED EMISSIONS
F. Ustuner, E. Baran, TBÝTAK BÝLGEM UEKAE, Kocaeli, Turkey
An
EMC experimental kit is developed to illustrate the fundamental mechanisms of
radiated emissions from printed circuit boards. The kit is then expanded to
cover and demonstrate some of the EMC design techniques such as shielding and
filtering that are useful for reducing radiated emissions. In this paper, the
experimental kit and the experiment configurations are described.
Representative results are given in order to show the PCB layout effect on the
differential and common mode radiated emissions. Moreover, the need for
integral application of shielding and filtering is emphasized as the outcome of
the experiments.
10:00 E11.6 ON THE MODELING OF COMPLEX CIRCUITS USING
BEHAVIORAL COMPONENT DESCRIPTIONS EMBEDDED INTO THE FULL-WAVE TLM METHOD
The
simulation of modern microwave circuits is achieved using a variety of tools,
chief amongst these are full-wave field solvers and behavioral circuit
simulators. While the latter has the advantage of simplicity, field phenomena
such as multiple random noise sources, and complex device coupling are
difficult to include. A full-wave model on the other hand incorporates these
effects, but is computationally expensive. This paper demonstrates the application
of behavioral models embedded into a full-wave field solver, which removes the
computational overhead of simulating complex ICs using field solvers, while
maintaining the generality of the behavioral model.
10:20 E11.7 AN AFFECT OF THE APERTURE LENGTH TO
APERTURE WIDTH RATIO ON BROADBAND SHIELDING EFFECTIVENESS
I. B. Basyigit, P. D. Tosun, S. Ozen, S. Helhel, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
In
this study, the effect of an aperture area (between 2λ2 and 11λ2) on
the Shielding Effectiveness of metallic enclosures has been measured and
wavelength dependent SE measurements are introduced. Measurement setup was
established operating from 6GHz to 13GHz. While the width/ length ratio varies
from 1 to 16, shielding effectiveness improves by about 6.5dB at low level
frequencies, reaches about 10dB at higher frequency band, and results get
closer at resonance frequencies.
10:40 End of the Session
FCA – Channel Modeling, Measurements and Characterization in Communications and Remote Sensing
Session Chair: Ian Glover
Session FCA
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Saturday, August 20, 08:00-10:20
Room Haliç
08:00 FCA.1 INVESTIGATION OF A TIME-VARIANT DRET MODEL
IN VEGETATION
In
this paper, the discrete Radiative Energy Transfer is investigated as an
effective mean to model wind induced time-variant vegetative radio channels.
The investigated model will make use of the input parameters time-variation
properties to achieve channel dynamics modeling. Analysis of both the foliated
channel statistics and model performance against measured data, at 20 GHz, will
be presented.
08:20 FCA.2 FPGA IMPLEMENTATION OF A LOW-COMPLEXITY
FADING FILTER
A
low-complexity high performance Rayleigh fading simulator and its Field
Programmable Gate Array implementation are presented. This proposed method is a
variant of the method of filtering of the white Gaussian noise where the filter
design is accomplished in the analog domain and transferred into digital
domain. The proposed method outperforms AR(20) filter and modified Jakes
generators in performance. Although IDFT method achieves the best performance,
it brings a significant cost in storage. The proposed method achieves high
performance with the lowest complexity, and its performance has been verified
on commercially available FPGA platforms.
08:40 FCA.3 OPTIMIZATION OF 3D RAY TRACING FOR MIMO
INDOOR CHANNEL
In
this paper, an optimization of 3D ray tracing for MIMO indoor channel is
presented. First, the evolution of the predicted wideband parameters with the
number and type of interactions of the simulated channel is analyzed and the
relevant phenomena to take into account during simulations are specified. Then,
an efficient approach to consider the diffuse scattering is presented. It
extends 3D ray tracing by associating a scattering cluster with each
interaction point of the ray. Comparisons with measurements show that adding
scattering into simulations substantially improves the accuracy of the
prediction of spatio-temporal channel parameters.
09:00 FCA.4 DEVELOPMENT OF 4X4 FULL-MIMO CHANNEL
SOUNDER OPERATING AT 11 GHZ WITH 400 MHZ BANDWIDTH UTILIZING SOFTWARE RADIO
ARCHITECTURE
This
paper reports the development of MIMO channel sounder operating at 11 GHz with
400 MHz bandwidth. The sounder utilizes the software radio architecture to
measure the full MIMO channels simultaneously, since the same hardware can be
also used to test the real-time data transmission.
09:20 Tea/Coffee Break
09:40 FCA.5 EXPERIMENTAL THROUGHPUT ANALYSIS FOR
802.11N SYSTEM AND MIMO INDOOR PROPAGATION PREDICTION
This
paper presents an analysis of a commercial 802.11n MIMO 2x3 dual band (2.4
& 5 GHz) system focusing on the operational throughput performance over an
indoor environment with Line of Sight and NLOS scenarios. Although many authors
have provided evidence on the effectiveness of this technology in field
strength distribution, throughput or propagation-simulation environments,
efforts on all parameters combined is limited. This paper also intends to
elucidate the comparison of these metrics by evaluating the system, focusing on
physical measurements of the operational performance, in comparison with
simulations of the field strength distribution over an indoor environment.
10:00 FCA.6 EMPIRICAL MODEL OF A 802.11 AB/G CHANNEL
CAPACITY IN HOME ENVIRONMENT
H. Sizun, URSI-France, Lannion, France; V. Guillet, S. Durieux, Orange Labs, Belfort, France
The
knowledge of the transmission channel allows to apprehend the optimal location
of WIFI access points and to determine hoped throughputs. In this
communication, after describing the experimental set-up, the studied
environment and the realized measurements, we present models of transmission
channel capacity vs field strength and distance in home environment for
different services (voice, data, video) en 802.11 ab/g context.
10:20 End of the Session
GHE3 – Electromagnetic Effects in Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere Coupling
Session Chairs: Masashi Hayakawa, Sergey Pulinets
Session GHE3
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Saturday, August 20, 08:00-10:40
Room Topkapi A
08:00 GHE3.1 IONOSPHERIC PERTURBATIONS OBSERVED BY
DEMETER IN RELATION WITH THE SEISMIC ACTIVITY
M. Parrot, LPC2E/CNRS, Orleans, France
DEMETER
is a low orbiting satellite (660 km) which was operating for more than six
years to study ionospheric perturbations in relation with seismic activities.
For this purpose, it recorded wave and plasma parameters all around the Earth
(except in the auroral zones) at two different local times (10.30 and 22.30
LT). This paper will present examples of events observed prior to earthquakes.
As the ionosphere is highly variable, the paper will also show statistical
analysis performed on the ionospheric parameters during night time.
08:20 GHE3.2 A STATISTICAL STUDY ON THE CORRELATION
BETWEEN LOWER IONOSPHERIC PERTURBATIONS AS SEEN BY SUBIONOSPHERIC VLF/LF
PROPAGATION AND EARTHQUAKES
An
extensive period of data over seven years from January 2001 to December 2007
and a combination of different propagation paths in and around Japan are used
to examine the statistical correlation between the VLF/LF propagation anomaly
(average nighttime amplitude, dispersion and nighttime fluctuation) and
earthquakes with magnitude greater than 6.0. It is then found that the
propagation anomaly exceeding the 2σ (standard deviation) criterion
indicating the presence of ionospheric perturbation is significantly correlated
with earthquakes with shallow depth (<40km). Finally some comments on the
mechanism of seismo-ionospheric perturbations are discussed.
08:40 GHE3.3 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE ULF MAGNETIC
FIELD DATA DURING EARTHQUAKE SWARM
Y. Hobara, T. Kamoi, M. Hayakawa, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
In
this paper, we intend to extract the statistical properties of seismo-ULF
signatures and to address their physical mechanism. The statistical properties
are calculated by using a number of frequency bands ranging from 1mHz to 2Hz
for the time period of about three years around Izu Island earthquake swarm.
The statistical analysis has been performed during the year of the swarm, one
year before and after the swarm. As a result, the remarkable change in the
shape of cumulative probability distribution starts about one month before the
swarm particularly at the frequency band around 0.01Hz.
09:00 GHE3.4 ULF ELECTROMAGNETIC PHENOMENA INDUCED BY
UNDERGROUND ACTIVITIES IN IZU AND BOSO PENINSULA, JAPAN DURING 2000 2010
In
this study, we have investigated ULF (Ultra Low Frequency) electromagnetic
phenomena possibly associated with underground activities in Izu and Boso
Peninsula, Japan during 2000 2010. Daily average energy of geomagnetic signals
at the frequency around 100Hz has been examined, and geomagnetic diurnal
variation at each station has been investigated. It is found that there are
highly confirmed anomalous electromagnetic signals during the 2002 and the 2007
slow slip events in Boso Peninsula. And geomagnetic diurnal variations observed
at Boso Peninsula also exhibit unusual behaviors before the 2005 M6.1 and M6.0
earthquakes.
09:20 Tea/Coffee Break
09:40 GHE3.5 SEISMO-IONOSPHERIC PRECURSORS AND
DISTURBANCES OF TOTAL ELECTRON CONTENT INDUCED BY THE 12 MAY 2008 M8.0 WENCHUAN
EARTHQUAKE
The
GPS total electron content (TEC) of the global ionospheric map (GIM) is
employed to simultaneously observe seismo-ionospheric anomalies during the 12
May 2008 M8.0 Wenchuan earthquake. It is found that TEC above the forthcoming
epicenter anomalously decreases in the afternoon period of day 6 to 4 and in
the late evening period of day 3 before the earthquake, but enhances in the
afternoon of day 3 before the earthquake. On the other hand, a network of 6
ground-based GPS receivers in China is employed to study traveling ionospheric
disturbances triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake (TIDEs).
10:00 GHE3.6 RADIOPHYSICAL TECHNIQUES OF SHORT-TERM
EARTHQUAKE PRECURSORS AND THEIR CONGRUENCE. THE CASE OF L'AQUILA EARTHQUAKE OF
06 APRIL 2009
We
studied six different parameters derived from three different radiophysical
techniques used to monitor area over the central Italy around the time of
LAquila M6.3 earthquake 6 April 2009. Namely VLF monitoring, ground based
ionospheric sounding and GPS vertical TEC. The parameters derived from these
data are: variations of amplitude of VLF signal on different propagation
passes, critical frequency foF2 variations, cross-correlation coefficient for
different pairs of ground based ionosondes, vertical GPS TEC time series, local
variability index for the network of GPS receivers, and GPS TEC map. High
congruence of techniques in time and space is found.
10:20 GHE3.7 ELECTROMAGNETICALLY EQUIVALENT DYNAMIC
MODEL OF SEISMIC AND ATMOSPHERIC AND IONOSPHERIC CONJOINED NETWORK OF TURKEY:
THE STATE SPACE APPROACH
T. Sengor, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
This
research concerns itself with modeling the seismicity-related geo-data as the
self-optimization process of an electromagnetically equivalent device and
developing a less accurate but fast model. The electromagnetically equivalent
device model is extended as considering the whole Earth like a complete system.
The variations at the geo-data taken at any port of the electromagnetically
equivalent device model of the complete system of Earth give some functional
relationships on the electromagnetic characteristics of the distributed complex
network explained above. The approach is applied to Marmara and Aegean Regions
of Anatolia.
10:40 End of the Session
Session Chair: O. Santolik
Session H11
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Saturday, August 20, 08:00-10:40
Room Topkapi B
08:00 H11.1 ACTIVE ELIMINATION OF SMALL-SCALE ORBITAL
DEBRIS *
G. Ganguli, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington DC, United States
Accumulation
of space debris, approximately 19,000 man-made objects larger than 10 cm and
numerous smaller objects, resulting from decades of space utilization by human
beings have rendered the space environment hazardous. We discuss a concept for
de-orbiting small-scale debris (~ 10 cm or less) from the highly populated sun
synchronous orbit region by injecting micron scale dust grains in this region
to artificially increase drag on the debris. Our concept is designed to target
small-scale debris in orbits with perigee above 900 km where the natural debris
lifetime can be very long.
08:20 H11.2 MODEL OF PLASMA DYNAMICS AND
ELECTROMAGNETIC PULSES ASSOCIATED WITH HYPERVELOCITY PARTICLE IMPACTS ON
SATELLITES
A. Fletcher, S. Close, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
We
present the first results from a model that describes the interaction of a
hypervelocity particle with a spacecraft, which can result in electrical
damage. A hypervelocity impact will result in the vaporization and ionization
of the meteoroid and part of the spacecraft, forming a plasma that rapidly
expands into the surrounding vacuum. We propose a mechanism for the generation
of an electromagnetic pulse by this plasma. We also present a model of the
impact process and plasma expansion. We use this model to predict the total
charge generated, plasma temperature, density, expansion speed, and the
spectrum of radiation.
08:40 H11.3 PLASMA PARTICLE SIMULATIONS ON ELECTRIC
ANTENNA AND SPACECRAFT ENVIRONMENT
Self-consistent
simulations based on the particle-in-cell technique are applied to analysis of
the plasma environment around an electric antenna on scientific spacecraft. In
the analysis, we consider plasma inhomogeneity due to photoelectron emission
and resulting antenna and spacecraft charging. Some modern electric antennas,
such as one designed for the BepiColombo/MMO spacecraft, have distinctive
devices: e.g., a photoelectron guard electrode, which greatly complicates the
surrounding photoelectron distribution. We report the latest status of the
modeling of such modern antennas, simulation results on antenna-plasma
interactions, and their influences on electric properties of the antennas.
09:00 H11.4 REMOTE SENSING SPACE WEATHER EVENTS
THROUGH IONOSPHERIC RADIO: THE AARDDVARK NETWORK
The
Antarctic-Arctic Radiation-belt (Dynamic) Deposition - VLF Atmospheric Research
Konsortium (AARDDVARK) provides a network of continuous long-range observations
of the lower-ionosphere in the polar regions. The network of sensors detect
changes in ionisation levels from ~30-90 km altitude, globally, continuously,
and with high time resolution, with the goal of increasing the understanding of
energy coupling between the Earth's atmosphere, Sun, and Space. We use the
upper atmosphere as a gigantic energetic particle detector to observe and
understand changing energy deposition from space weather events.
09:20 Tea/Coffee Break
09:40 H11.5 AUTOMATIC RETRIEVAL OF PLASMASPHERIC
ELECTRON DENSITIES: FIRST RESULTS FORM AUTOMATIC WHISTLER DETECTOR AND ANALYZER
NETWORK
There
is an increasing 'demand' for electron density data for plasmasphere models in
Space Weather related investigations, particularly in modeling charged particle
accelerations and losses in Radiation Belts. The global Automatic Whistler
Detector and Analyzer system network detects millions of whistlers in a year.
An automatic analyzer algorithm was also developed for complex analysis of
multiple-path propagation whistler groups., a practical implementation of such
a system on a PC cluster is done. The prototype of AWDA runs on this cluster in
quasi-realtime mode. We present here the first results of test runs processing
whistlers from our archive database.
10:00 H11.6 APPLICATIONS OF GENERALIZED MHD RAY
TRACING EQUATIONS
A. D. M. Walker, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
Generalized
ray tracing allows for propagation in a slowly-varying medium changing in space
and time. This is relevant in media which have velocities comparable with the
wave velocity as is the case for solar wind and magnetosheath MHD waves. We
show that the cumulative error in the phase is small. Even in a medium changing
by 30% per wavelength, the phase error is less than 1/20 radian per wavelength.
Thus the method is useful in considering Pc3 interference effects in the
magnetosphere. Results of a number of computatuions are presented to illustrate
the use of the method.
10:20 H11.7 FORTHCOMING MEASUREMENTS OF PLASMA WAVES
BY THE EMFISIS INVESTIGATION ON THE RBSP SPACECRAFT
C. A. Kletzing, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
Radiation
belt particle acceleration and loss is intimately connected to wave-particle
interactions. To measure these interactions, NASA will launch the two-satellite
Radiation Belt Storm Probes (RBSP) mission in 2012. The Electric and Magnetic
Field Instrument Suite and Integrated Science (EMFISIS) investigation on RBSP
is an integrated set of instruments consisting of DC magnetic field
measurements from DC to 30 Hz and AC electric and magnetic fields from 10Hz to
400 kHz. Examples of key wave science such as VLF hiss, magnetosonic equatorial
noise, electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves, and chorus are presented along with
the mission and instrument complement.
10:40 End of the Session
J11 – New Observations and Results
Session Chairs: Subra Ananthakrishnan, Richard Schilizzi
Session J11
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Saturday, August 20, 08:00-10:40
Room Marmara
08:00 J11.1 INTERSTELLAR SCATTERING AS A COSMOLOGICAL
PROBE
Radio
waves from astrophysical sources are scattered as they propagate through the
inhomogeneous, ionized interstellar medium of our Galaxy, resulting in the
distortion of the original signals from the source. However, we use
interstellar scattering as a cosmological probe with a resolution two orders of
magnitude finer than that possible through terrestrial radio interferometers.
By studying changes in the scattering effects for compact sources located at
increasing cosmological distances, we are able to explore the curvature of
space-time, scatter broadening in the ionized intergalactic medium and the
evolution of regions close to supermassive black holes in distant active
galaxies.
08:20 J11.2 MURCHISON WIDEFIELD ARRAY: TRACING SOLAR
DISTURBANCES FROM THE SUN TO THE EARTH
The
unique and powerful diagnostic capabilities of low radio frequencies for solar,
heliospheric, and ionospheric science have long been recognized, but the
challenges associated with high-fidelity low frequency radio imaging have
limited their exploitation. The Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) is a pioneering
new interferometer, currently under construction in the radio-quiet Western
Australian outback, which exploits the recent advances in digital signal
processing to rise to this challenge. We present an overview of the exciting
new solar, heliospheric, and ionospheric science which this instrument will
enable, along with early results from a prototype array.
08:40 J11.3 MODELING RADAR SCATTERING FROM ICY LUNAR
REGOLITHS
To
understand the radar signatures of lunar polar ices, an empirical two-component
model with specular and diffuse components was developed. This model estimates
scattering differences associated with surface roughness, thin regolith over
ice, and patches of ice. This predicts that scattering from near-surface ices
covered by a thin regolith can be separated from rocks if the enhancement is
twice the average or more. If the lunar ice is dispersed throughout the
regolith as ice filling the pores, then scattering differences might be too
small to detect.
09:00 J11.4 DEVELOPMENTS IN THE RADIO SEARCH FOR
EXTRATERRESTRIAL INTELLIGENCE
We
present developments in the search for engineered radio emissions from advanced
extraterrestrial life . Our group is currently engaging in both targeted and
sky survey searches for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI), covering a wide
variety of narrow-band and pulsed signal types. We are also developing new SETI
instrumentation, designed to be flexible, modular and to employ commodity
components that lower cost and enhance upgradability. Here we will discuss the
status of these observational and engineering projects, as well as prospects
for future radio SETI endeavors.
09:20 Tea/Coffee Break
09:40 J11.5 GATED INTERFEROMETRIC IMAGING OF PULSARS
TO DETECT OFF-PULSE EMISSION
We
used the GMRT as a high time resolution gated interferometer to create
off-pulse and on-pulse emission of two pulsars, B0525+21 and B2045-16. We
detected off-pulse emission at the level of a few percent in both objects. The
long period of the pulsars and their low spin-down energies, and consequently
the highly atypical values of the required ISM particle densities make it
unlikely that our detections arise in pulsar wind nebulae. The alternative
explanation of magnetospheric emission raises important questions for pulsar
emission models.
10:00 J11.6 AN ACCURATE FLUX DENSITY SCALE FROM 1 TO
50 GHZ
R. A. Perley, B. J. Butler, National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Socorro, NM, United States
We
develop an accurate flux density scale for cm-wavelength radio astronomy by
determining the flux density ratios of nine small-diameter radio sources to the
planet Mars at six frequency bands between 5 and 50 GHz. These ratios,
determined by the VLA with an accuracy generally better than 1%, are converted
to flux density by utilizing the Mars emission model of Rudy, adjusted by the
recently published absolutely calibrated WMAP observations. We present
polynomial expressions for the spectral flux densities from 1 to 50 GHz or
three compact non-varying sources, 3C196, 3C286 and 3C295.
10:20 J11.7 RRI-GBT MULTI-BAND RECEIVER AND
PULSAR-EMISSION-CONE TOMOGRAPHY
A. A. Deshpande, Raman Research Institute, Bangalore, Bangalore, India
We
report the development of a self-contained multi-band dual-polarization
receiver system, simultaneously sampling signal voltages in 10 tunable bands
across 100-1500 MHz wide spectral span. The primary motivation is to use this
receiver with a single large aperture to enable full-Stokes tomographic probe
of the pulsar emission cone, also opening attractive possibilities for other
astronomical investigations. The tests and observations carried out using this
system at the Green Bank Telescope (GBT), and the preliminary results from
pulsar observations using GBT will be presented. (On behalf of the RRI-GBT
Multi-Band Receiver Team)
10:40 End of the Session
KB – Uncertainty Management in Numerical Calculation and EM Field Dosimetry
Session Chairs: Joe Wiart, Man-Fai Wong
Session KB
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Saturday, August 20, 08:00-10:20
Room Loft
08:00 KB.1 EVALUATION OF THE ERROR INDUCED BY AN
INCORRECT POSITIONING OF THE HANDSET AGAINST THE SAM PHANTOM FOR SAR
CALCULATIONS
Inter-laboratory
comparisons of Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) calculations sometimes show
discrepancies between the results. An incorrect positioning of the handset may
be a possible cause of the observed discrepancies. In order to evaluate the
error induced by an incorrect positioning, two commercially available mobile
phones with different antenna configurations are herein selected for SAR
calculations using the SAM (Specific Anthropomorphic Mannequin) head phantom.
Using the initial handset/phantom position defined by international dosimetric
standards as the reference configuration considered to be correct, several
incorrect but nonetheless acceptable handset/phantom configurations are
generated and the computed SAR values compared.
08:20 KB.2 ANALYSIS OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF SPECIFIC ABSORPTION
RATE INDUCED BY FIVE PLANE WAVES WITH A FAST AND NEW METHOD IN VISIBLE HUMAN
In
this paper, we analyze the variation of Whole Body Specific Absorption Rate
induced in Visible Human by five plane waves with random parameters.
Considering a finite set of 36 azimuth angles, the Latin Hypercube Sampling is
used to design an experiment plan and perform a statistically study. Two
distributions of amplitudes are used to design the plan and the different
results of WBSAR for each case are compared. A simply model of WBSAR modeled as
a combination of the surface projected is proposed and analyzed. The influence
of inputs variables of the function is analyzed.
08:40 KB.3 SCATTERED ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD VARIATIONS
DUE TO BUILDING FACADE PROPERTIES
A
computation method based on the Greens functions associated with the interface
between two semi-infinite media is used to obtain the scattered electric field
in the near and far zones of a building. A simplified model taking account of
the inhomogeneities on the building facade is considered. Different sources of
uncertainty for the scattered electric field related to the building facade are
presented, such as the main material property, the size, type and distribution
of windows. An appropriate statistical distribution is attributed to each
varying parameter and the influence on the scattered field from the facade is
quantified.
09:00 KB.4 ANALYSIS OF SAR PROBE PERFORMANCE IN
PRESENCE OF WIDEBAND SIGNALS
The
introduction of new digital signals with spread spectrum modulation has
generated the necessity to evaluate the behavior of the available traditional
instruments, which are historically used to assess the field for human body
exposure. For this reason, SAR probes have been tested, in order to evaluate
the uncertainties introduced on their output in presence of a set of wideband
signals. A proper experimental set-up has been designed and pre-characterized.
09:20 Tea/Coffee Break
09:40 KB.5 STATISTICAL DOSIMETRY ANALYSIS IN
WHOLE-BODY EXPOSURE SETUP BASED ON RATS ACTIVITY BEHAVIOR
In
order to determine the SAR variation during the entire exposure period in a
whole-body exposure setup of rats,, a statistical analysis for the rat activity
behavior is necessary. In this study, we divide the rat cage in the exposure
box into nine small areas, and derive the stay frequency of rat in each area
based on the classification of the documentary photos of rat activity. Using
the stay frequency as a weighting factor, we calculate the statistical
characteristics of the whole-body average SAR for the rats during the entire
exposure period.
10:00 KB.6 ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE POSITION
OF THE MOBILE ON SAR INDUCED USING POLYNOMIAL CHAOS DECOMPOSITION
A. Ghanmi, J. Wiart, A. Hadjem, E. Conil, Y. Pinto, Orange Labs, Issy les moulineaux, France
The
numerical analysis of the uncertainty of the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR)
induced by a mobile phone requests large number of simulations. Today the FDTD
is still time consuming even if large efforts have been to improve it.. In
order to overcome these difficulties, statistical process has been introduced
to develop a metamodel technique which parameterizes the SAR 10g. The
appropriate stochastic metamodel and the PC coefficients are estimated by
ordinary least-square regression. This recent metamodelling technique appears
to be a relevant approach in order to reduce the number of models evaluations.
10:20 End of the Session
Session Chair: Hamit Serbest
Session PL
Type Oral Presentation
Schedule Saturday, August 20, 11:00-12:00
Room Anadolu Auditorium
11:00 PL.1 LIGHTNING-INDUCED EFFECTS IN THE IONOSPHERE
AND THE RADIATION BELTS
U. S. Inan, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
Intense
electromagnetic and quasi-electrostatic fields released as a result of
lightning discharges are now known to significantly disturb the lower
ionosphere, as evidenced in the form of high-altitude luminous glows known as
sprites, elves, and gigantic jets, as well as terrestrial gamma-ray
flashes. The highly nonlinear physical
mechanisms of the production of such high altitude optical emissions have been
under study for the last decade, or so, with steady progress made in uncovering
the highly complicated and variable observed properties. With the basic mechanisms of the phenomena
understood, current research aims at determination of the effect of these
phenomena on the lower ionosphere on a global scale, by using extensive ground-
and satellite-based observations to assess global occurrence rates. Especially important in this context is the
lack of understanding of the properties of the parent lightning discharges that
lead to the different high-altitude manifestations.
12:00 End of the Session
Session Chair: Karl Langenberg
Session BP1
Type Poster Presentation
Schedule Tuesday, August 16, 16:00-19:00
Room Poster Area
BP1.1 LOW-PROFILE WEARABLE UHF ANTENNA FOR
PORTABLE RADIOS AND RADAR APPLICATIONS
Y.-J. Ren, Research In Motion, Irving, TX, United States
A
low profile, electrically small wideband array antenna suitable for portable
radios and radar applications has been developed. The availability of low loss
high-permittivity ceramic materials ensures that the antenna element can be
designed to cover lower UHF band in 300-1000 MHz, with only 0.11 wavelength
(longest) in length, while providing very stable radiation characteristics.
Composite ceramic material based, wide instantaneous operational bandwidth,
omni-directional radiation pattern, high-power handling, antenna diversity
capability, light weight, and simple manipulate and maintenance, are the
highlighted features of the proposed portable antenna technology.
BP1.2 ELECTROMAGNETIC OSCILLATIONS IN A
CYLINDRICAL CAVITY RESONATOR FILLED WITH A NONLINEAR NONDISPERSIVE MEDIUM
A. V. Kudrin, E. Y. Petrov, University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
A
new method for deriving exact axisymmetric solutions of the Maxwell equations
in a nonlinear nondispersive medium lacking a center of inversion is proposed.
Using this method, an implicit solution that describes free electromagnetic
oscillations in a cylindrical cavity resonator filled with such a medium is
found. Implications of the results obtained and their further generalization to
more complex cases are discussed.
BP1.3 NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF
EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT MODELS FOR COMPLEMENTARY OMEGA-LIKE STRUCTURES LOADED
MICROSTRIP LINE
In
this work, equivalent circuit models for a microstrip line loaded with single
and two unit cells of complementary omega-like structure (COLS) are proposed.
In each case, full wave electromagnetic as well as electrical simulation
results are presented. Reasonable agreement has been obtained between them. The
models have been found to provide a very good description for the COLS and its
coupling to the host microstrip transmission line.
BP1.4 ABNORMAL PHENOMENON ON SHIELDING
EFFECTIVENESS OF METALLIC ENCLOSURES WITH ONE APERTURE AT NORMAL AND OBLIQUE
INCIDENCES
C. Fang, Q. Liu, S. Zheng, Q. Zhang, China ship development and design center, wuhan, China
Abnormal
phenomenon on shielding effectiveness (SE) of metallic enclosures with one
rectangular aperture when illuminated by the oblique and normal incidence has
been studied. The work shown the usual assumption about the normal incidence
being the worst-case scenario for SE values may not be valid when there is even
only one aperture in the cavity. In addition, the SE of normal incidence is
perfectly able to exceeds that of oblique incidence. The paper emphasizes the
extension of the existing cognition of SE problem of metallic enclosures with
apertures about oblique and normal incidence.
BP1.5 THE CONCAVE PARABOLIC MIRROR
P. L. E. Uslenghi, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
The
diffraction of a plane electromagnetic wave axially incident on the concave
side of a perfectly conducting parabolic reflector is solved exactly and in
closed form in frequency domain. The method of solution follows the technique
originally proposed by Horace Lamb in 1906 who, however, was unable to solve
the problem addressed herein. The present solution is obtained by matching the
left- and right-propagating fields at the focal line of the mirror.
BP1.6 APERTURE FIELD ESTIMATION IN
WAVEGUIDE CIRCUITS FOR NON-SINUSOIDAL, PERIODIC EXCITATION
S. Das, R. K. Gayen, Indian School of Mines - Dhanbad, Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India
In
this paper an attempt has been made to analyze waveguide circuits for
non-sinusoidal, periodic excitations. The excitation functions, taken as
example, are trapezoidal and clipped sine wave in nature and the waveguide
circuit, that has been considered, is two interacting thick inductive irises.
The excitation functions have been expressed in terms of Fourier series. The
circuit has been analyzed using Multiple Cavity Modeling Technique and finally
the normalized electric field distribution at the apertures have been
calculated and plotted. The VSWR data obtained with the present method have
been compared with literature available data to validate the analysis.
BP1.7 MODELING OF THE HOLLOW WAVEGUIDES BY
ANALYTICAL REGULARIZATION: TE-MODES
Mathematically
strong and numerically efficient approach for the simulation of the waveguides
and the cylindrical resonators of arbitrary profile in the case of H-(TE-)
polarized waves is suggested. The approach is based on the new implementation
of the Analytical Regularization Method. Special attention is drawn to the
infinitely smooth profiles, which gives a possibility to achieve a
super-algebraic (faster than any algebraic) rate of the methods convergence.
BP1.8 NONUNIFORM CURRENTS FLOWING ON A
PERFECTLY CONDUCTING CYLINDER
H. D. Basdemir, Cankaya University, Ankara, Turkey
In
this paper, we applied physical theory of diffraction (PTD) method to the
perfectly electric conducting (PEC) cylinder for investigation of the
scattering fields. Physical optics (PO) method was used to gain the uniform
scattering field producing by the induced current from the incident wave on the
tangential plane of the perfectly electric conducting cylinder. Nonuniform
current and scattered field will be obtained by applying PTD method to the
problem. Nonuniform currents and nonuniform scattering fields were obtained
with the assistance of the exact solution of the scattering waves from the
cylinder. The scattering fields and currents are plotted numerically.
BP1.9 ANALYSIS OF METAMATERIAL ABSORBER
BLUEPRINTS FOR OPTICAL `BLACK HOLES'
We
discuss the derivation of metamaterial blueprints for (near-) reflectionless
absorbers and their integration into optical pseudo-black hole devices.
Fundamental theoretical constraints on truly reflectionless absorption models
at convex surfaces are pointed out and explained by studying the analyticity of
the associated constitutive tensors in the complex frequency plane. In view of
such constraints, `tweaked' near-reflectionless absorbers blueprints are
proposed. Simulation results of such absorber models are shown to illustrate
their effectiveness in suppressing backscattering. Some basic trade-offs in the
absorber performance are also pointed by examining the residual backscattering
produced by different conductivity profiles.
BP1.10 CALCULATION OF SCATTERED TMZ WAVES
FROM A CYLINDRICAL DIELECTRIC SCATTERER BURIED INSIDE A LOSSY GROUND
S. Makal, A. Kizilay, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
A
new numerical solution method is summarized for the problem of electromagnetic
scattering from a cylindrical object of arbitrary cross-section buried in a
lossy dielectric half-space that is considered to be flat. The surface
equivalence principle and a decomposition method are employed to form a set of
electric field integral equations (EFIEs) for the currents on the object and
the portion of the surface most strongly interacting with the object. The
Method of Moment (MoM) is used to solve the EFIEs in the frequency domain to
obtain the scattered electric field.
BP1.11 ON THE SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF THE
ANTENNA ELECTROMAGNETIC NEAR FIELD
S. M. Mikki, Y. Antar, RMC, Kingston, ON, Canada
We
presents a general theory of the antenna near field in the spatial domain. The
approach uses the Wilcox expansion to define a set of asymptotic spherical
regions covering the entire exterior space of the antenna problem. The
multipole expansion is utilized to construct nonrecursively the full near field
in the exterior region starting from the far field only. The analysis led to
interesting theorems regrading energy exchange processes in the near zone and
also to a completely analytical evaluation of the antenna reactive energy in
terms of the TE and TM modes of the antenna system.
BP1.12 GENERALIZATION OF FOCK FUNCTION FOR
DIFFRACTION BY ELONGATED BODIES
I. V. Andronov, University of St.Petersburg, St.Petersburg, Russian Federation
High-frequency
asymptotics of electromagnetic field diffracted by an elongated body gives an
accurate approximation only at very high frequencies. A new special function
describing induced currents on the surface of an elongated body is introduced.
It is defined as an inverse Mellin transform of an expression containing
Coulomb wave functions. The new asymptotics gives a much better approximation
and can be used at sufficiently lower frequencies than the well known Fock
asymptotics. This is checked by comparison with numerical results in many test
examples. When the body becomes less elongated the new special function reduces
asymptotically to Fock function.
BP1.13 MEIXNER'S EDGE CONDITION REVISITED FOR
NEGATIVE PERMITTIVITY MATERIALS
A. N. Askarpour, M. Saviz, R. Faraji-Dana, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
The
work disclosed herein investigates the edge conditions for a perfect
electrically conducting wedge in a medium with negative permittivity. A typical
structure has been assumed in accordance with previous works for ordinary
media, and an optimization technique has been used to solve the problem
numerically. Special cases of importance have been explored mathematically.
BP1.14 REFLECTION AND TRANSMISSION AT
ISOTROPIC-BIAXIAL INTERFACE
J. W. Graham, J. K. Lee, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States
The
problem of wave reflection and transmission at the interface between an
isotropic (air) medium and biaxially anisotropic medium is solved and analyzed.
We observe behavior that differs from the typical behavior at an
isotropic-isotropic interface. It is seen that rotating the permittivity tensor
of the biaxial medium with respect to the reference coordinate system
significantly affects the reflection and transmission behavior.
BP1.15 ROOF-MOUNTED VEHICLE SINGLE-ARM SPIRAL
ANTENNA WITHOUT A BALUN CIRCUIT
H. Nakano, R. Satake, K. Takeuchi, J. Yamauchi, Hosei University, Tokyo, Japan
The
deterioration in the antenna characteristics that are observed when a
single-arm spiral antenna is located in front of a shallow conducting cavity
can be mitigated by using an absorbing strip (ABS), which is placed behind the
outer arm filaments. The use of lumped resistor elements connected to the arm end
results in wideband antenna characteristics similar to those of the spiral with
the ABS. A comparison between the spiral with the ABS and with the resistors
shows that the former provides antenna characteristics in the lower frequency
region that are more stable than the characteristics of the latter.
BP1.16 WIRE-CLOTH-MESH METAMATERIALS FOR GHZ
AND THZ FREQUENCY REGIME
Wire-cloth-mesh
structures are introduced as metamaterials. They are experimentally
investigated in terms of their metamaterial properties. It is shown that they
exhibit pronounced pass-band characteristics in GHz and THz bands. Transmission
minima are explained in terms of Rayleigh-Wood anomaly. While slow-light
propagation occurs in pass-band region, fast-light outside the mentioned
region. This allows us to investigate abnormal propagation effects in these
materials. These meshes are commercially available as precisely fabricated
chemical particle filters and come in many sizes which facilitate their
application as metamaterials in optical devices, antennas, multilayer
structures, and so on.
BP1.17 ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING FROM
ARBITRARY FLAT PLATES: ANALYSIS OF THE PROBLEM BY USING METHOD OF MOMENTS WITH
DIFFERENT SINC TYPE BASIS FUNCTIONS
3D
electromagnetic scattering problem is solved by using pulse-sinc type basis
functions in the MoM procedure. MoM is applied to the scattering problems of a
plane wave illuminated flat arbitrary geometries. The radar cross section
results for co-polarized and cross polarized cases based on the developed
pulse-sinc formulation are compared with those of the sinc-sinc based MoM
formulation and with the ones obtained from SuperNEC. The results of pulse-sinc
formulation are in good agreement with SuperNEC. The CPU in filling the MoM
matrix elements is decreased by reducing the number of integrals to be
computed.
BP1.18 METAMATERIAL SLAB EXCITED BY AN
ARBITRARILY ORIENTED DIPOLE
A
double negative metamaterial slab with material parameters perturbed from the ideal
case n=-1 and excited by an arbitrarily oriented Hertzian dipole is considered.
An arbitrarily oriented dipole excites both TE and TM modes, and depending on
the degree of perturbation of the material constants the modes are transmitted
unequally through the slab. Approximations in the electrostatic limit fail to
predict this phenomenon. A tool for evaluating the field intensities in the
focal region is developed and the imaging characteristics of the slab are
investigated in the spectral domain. Differences between two types of
excitation are pointed out.
BP1.19 DETECTING ELECTROMAGNETIC CLOAKS USING
BACKWARD-PROPAGATING WAVES
M. A. Salem, H. Bagci, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
A
novel approach for detecting transformation-optics invisibility cloaks is
proposed. The detection method takes advantage of the unusual
backward-propagation characteristics of recently reported beams and pulses to
induce electromagnetic scattering from the cloak. Even though waves with
backward-propagating energy flux cannot penetrate the cloaking shell and
interact with the cloaked objects (i.e., they do not make the cloaked object
visible), they provide a mechanism for detecting the presence of cloaks.
BP1.20 COMPUTATION OF THE DYADIC GREEN'S
FUNCTION FOR ELECTRICALLY AND MAGNETICALLY ANISOTROPIC MEDIA
A
homogeneous non-dispersive electrically and magnetically anisotropic media,
characterized by a symmetric positive definite permittivity and permeability
tensors are considered. An analytic method for deriving the time-dependent
dyadic Green's function (DGF) in these anisotropic media is suggested. This
method consists of the following: equations for each column of the DGF are
reduced to symmetric hyperbolic system; using the Fourier transform with
respect to space variables and matrix transformations we obtain formulae for
Fourier images of the DGF columns; finally, the DGF is computed by the inverse
Fourier transform. Computational examples confirm the robustness of the
suggested method.
BP1.21 NEAR-FIELD OF ANTENNAS AND ITS
IMPLICATIONS FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS
Traditionally
near-field zone of antenna is characterized based on the maximum dimension of
the antenna. However this does not happen to be the case when the antenna is
radiating over ground plane, where the height of the antenna above the ground
does play a crucial role. The goal of this paper is to demonstrate the
near-field behavior of antenna radiating over an imperfectly conducting ground.
We first discuss the field variation with distance from the transmitter.
Finally we make some observations regarding the variation of the field strength
and channel capacity with the height of transmitter and receiver.
BP1.22 A TWO-DIMENSIONAL SINGLE-FIELD FDTD
FORMULATION FOR OBLIQUE INCIDENT ELECTROMAGNETIC SIMULATIONS
A
set of general purpose two-dimensional single-field finite-difference
time-domain updating equations for solving oblique incidence electromagnetic
problems is derived. The traditional FDTD updating equations are based on
Maxwell's curl equations whereas the single-field FDTD updating equations are
based on the vector wave equation. Performance analyses of the singlefield
formulation in terms of CPU time and memory requirement are presented along
with numerical validation. It was observed that the single-field method is more
efficient than the traditional FDTD formulation in terms of speed and memory
requirements for oblique incident problems.
BP1.23 TEMPERATURE EFFECT ON CAVITY ANTENNA
PARAMETERS
The
effect of the thermodynamic strain-deformed states of a cavity antenna on its
pattern and matching with a feeder are investigated. The low single-mode
cylindrical resonator with the aperture in the form of partially transparent
flat surface is excited through coupling holes by the second resonator placed
inside the first one. It is supposed that the wall with the radiating holes is
heated up by an outer source. The rest antenna part is cooled by the air free
convection. The thermodynamic problem is solved by the FEM, and the
electrodynamic one is solved by the FIT.
BP1.24 SCATTERING OF A GAUSSIAN BEAM FROM THE
END-FACE OF A WAVEGUIDE SYSTEM
A. Komiyama, Osaka Electro-Communication University, Neyagawa, Osaka, Japan
The
scattering of a Gaussian beam from the end-face of a waveguide system composed
of a large number of cores is treated by the volume integral equation for the
electric field and the first term of a perturbation solution for TE and TM wave
incidence is analytically derived. The far scattered field does not almost
depend on the polarization of an incident wave. Some numerical examples are
shown.
BP1.25 AN EFFICIENT, LOW-PROFILE ANTENNA
EMPLOYING LOSSY MAGNETO-DIELECTRIC MATERIALS
J. McLean, R. Sutton, TDK R&D Corp., Cedar Park, United States
It
has been shown that a magnetic core in a loop antenna excludes energy from the
interior reducing radiation Q and that a core with magnetic losses still
provides this reduction of stored energy without excessive dissipation if the
magnitude of the complex permeability is sufficiently large. We present a
broadband, low-loss, low-profile antenna based on a lossy magneto-dielectric
material, a Ni-Zn ferrite operating in its dispersion region. The antenna
behaves as a magnetic dipole. A radiation efficiency of 90% is obtained at a
frequency for which the magnetic loss tangent is greater than 10.
BP1.26 A COMPARISON OF IMPLEMENTATIONS OF A
COMBINED CHARGE AND CURRENT FORMULATION OF THE METHOD OF MOMENTS
Problems
and solutions for implementing a combined charge and current formulation of the
method of moments will be discussed. Different forms of point matching will be
examined, and the stability and accuracy compared. Methods will be proposed for
handling the singular integral, and results using the most accurate will be
shown. It will be shown that a point-matched charge and current formulation can
produce accurate results (analytical solution of a sphere used as a reference)
when appropriate functions and methods are used.
BP1.27 A MODIFICATION OF THE KUMMER'S METHOD
FOR EFFICIENT COMPUTATION OF THE 2-D GREEN'S FUNCTIONS FOR 1-D PERIODIC
STRUCTURES
S. P. Skobelev, Radiophyzika, Moscow, Russian Federation
A
new modification of the Kummer's method of M-th order is proposed for efficient
computation of the 2-D Green's function for 1-D periodic structures. It
consists in transformation of the auxiliary series constructed of asymptotic
terms of the original spectral series into a new series which allows its
summation in closed form. The new representation of the Green's functions
consists of a rapidly converging difference series whose terms decay as 1/q in
the (M+1)-th power, as well a new rigorous expression for the sum of the
transformed auxiliary series.
BP1.28 SUPPRESSION OF SPURIOUS FREQUENCIES IN
MICROWAVE DUAL-BAND BANDSTOP FILTERS
M. Saed, S. Vegesna, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, United States
This
paper proposes design methods for suppressing spurious responses in single and
dual-band bandstop filters. Popular methods used to suppress spurious responses
in bandpass filters, such as cascading filters with different characteristics,
do not work for bandstop filters. Two techniques are presented in this paper;
the first method pushes the spurious response to a higher frequency while the
second method suppresses it. Using the first method, the first spurious
resonance was pushed from about double the resonance frequency to about three
times the resonance frequency. In the second method, the spurious resonance was
suppressed by more than 20 dB.
BP1.29 A PREDICTOR-CORRECTOR SCHEME FOR
SOLVING THE VOLTERRA INTEGRAL EQUATION
The
occurrence of late time instabilities is a common problem of almost all time
marching methods developed for solving time domain integral equations. Implicit
marching algorithms are now considered stable with various efforts that have
been developed for removing low and high frequency instabilities. On the other
hand, literature on stabilizing explicit schemes, which might be considered
more efficient since they do not require a matrix inversion at each time step,
is practically non-existent. In this work, a stable but still explicit
predictor-corrector scheme is proposed for solving the Volterra integral
equation and its efficacy is verified numerically.
BP1.30 MICROWAVE HOLOGRAPHY IN DETECTION OF
HIDDEN OBJECTS UNDER THE SURFACE AND BENEATH CLOTHES
Proposed
in the article design of a continuous wave radar with programmable frequency
switching and quadrature receiver is targeted as base component to a variety of
radars: ground penetrating radar, body scanner, and bio-radar. Algorithms of
reconstructing holograms are outlined for planar and circular apertures. High
achievable resolution is demonstrated in experiments involving measurements and
reconstruction of holograms in air and opaque media.
BP1.31 DOUBLE WEIGHTED FOURIER TRANSFORM FOR
THE WAVE FIELD IN INHOMOGENEOUS MEDIUM: SOME RESULTS AND PROSPECTS
This
paper discusses results of the application of double weighted Fourier transform
(DWFT) to problems of communication and diagnostics of inhomogeneous media. An
agreement is noted between DWFT results and results of geometrical optics,
Rytov, and phase screen approximations. A relation has been found between DWFT
and path integrals. Numerical simulation has been used to demonstrate the
possibility of spatial signal processing based on inverse DWFT with resolution
exceeding the Fresnel one during strong field fluctuations. The numerical
simulation has also shown the potential applicability of this processing for
reducing wave intensity fluctuations in inhomogeneous random media.
BP1.32 REFLECTION AND TRANSMISSION OF
FULL-VECTOR X-WAVES NORMALLY INCIDENT ON DIELECTRIC HALF SPACES
M. A. Salem, H. Bagci, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
Reflection
and transmission of full-vector X-Waves incident normally on a planar interface
between two dielectric half-spaces are investigated. Full-vector X-Waves are
obtained by superimposing transverse electric and magnetic polarization
components, which are derived from the scalar X-Wave solution. The analysis is
carried out via a straightforward but yet effective method: First, The X-Wave
is expanded into vector Bessel beams. Then, the reflection and transmission
coefficients of the beams are obtained. Finally, the transmitted and reflected
X-Waves are obtained via an inverse transform over the X-wave spectrum weighted
with the corresponding coefficient.
BP1.33 GENERALIZED REGRESSION NEURAL NETWORK
BASED PHASE CHARACTERIZATION OF A REFLECTARRAY EMPLOYING MINKOWSKI ELEMENT OF
VARIABLE SIZE
In
this paper, a simple, accurate and fast Generalized Regression Neural Network
(GRNN) model is carried out to determine the phase characterization of a
reflectarray unit cell employing Minkowski shape element for the different
geometry parameters within the range 10-12 GHz. The recent aim of reflectarray
antenna design is to have a slower slope of the reflected wave phase by varying
the elements size and substrate thickness. The efficient relationship is
achieved between the actual and reconstructed data with this model. This model
can provide a fast, accurate interface between the antenna design and global
optimization algorithms.
BP1.34 WAVE REFLECTION FROM AN INHOMOGENEOUS
LAYER WITH RANDOM IRREGULARITIES
M. V. Tinin, Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk, Russian Federation
The
problem of wave reflection and scattering from an inhomogeneous layer with
random irregularities has been solved using the double weighted Fourier
transform and the Fock proper-time method. The solution obtained in a
small-angle approximation agrees with the geometrical optics approximation, the
Rytov approximation and the phase screen method. However, this approach can be
exploited without small-angle approximation conditions. And finally, the
results of the proposed approach take the form of strict results for the layer
with the linear permittivity profile and enable us to account for random
inhomogeneities in such a layer.
BP1.35 WAVELET ANALYSIS FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC
FIELD
M. S. Sidorenko, St-Petersburg State University, St-Petersburg, Russian Federation
We
obtain an exact integral representation of the free electromagnetic field as a
superposition of localized elementary solutions. The representation involves
the continuous wavelet transform. The results can be used for studying
electromagnetic fields with multiscale structure.
BP1.36 ACCURATE SHADOW REGION IMAGING
ALGORITHM USING ELLIPSE EXTRAPOLATION BASED ON DISTORTED HYPERBOLA FITTING FOR
UWB RADARS
Y. Abe, S. Kidera, T. Kirimoto, University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
Ultra-wideband
pulse radars have a definitive advantage in high-range resolution imaging and
are suitable for near-field measurements. Although we have already proposed an
accurate imaging algorithm called Range Points Migration (RPM), the
reconstructible area of RPM is too small to identify an object shape when the
object is far from the observation site in the case of limited aperture size.
To resolve the problem, this paper proposes a novel image expansion method
based on ellipse extrapolation, which is converted to distorted hyperbola
fitting in the data space to enhance extrapolation accuracy.
BP1.37 SIMULATION OF ULTRASOUND HARMONIC
IMAGING AS AFFECTED BY TISSUE PROPERTIES
J. Yu, Y. Wang, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; J. Tan, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
Ultrasound
harmonic imaging was simulated by numerically solving nonlinear acoustic
equations for a given medium field and mimicking the B-mode scan procedures
used in medical ultrasound imaging systems. The linear acoustic equations were
extended to include relaxation dissipation and nonlinearity in compressibility.
Pressure waves were induced by multiple transducer elements at the medium
boundary and echoes from the medium field were simulated by using the finite
difference time domain algorithm with absorbing boundary conditions. Simulation
experiments showed the potential of simulation in analyzing ultrasound harmonic
imaging process.
BP1.38 FAST AND ACCURATE IMAGING ALGORITHM
FOR TARGETS BURIED IN DIELECTRIC MEDIUM FOR UWB RADARS
K. Akune, S. Kidera, T. Kirimoto, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
UWB
pulse radar with high range resolution and dielectric permeability is promising
as an internal imaging technique for non-destructive testing. Various imaging
algorithms for UWB radar techniques have been proposed, such as aperture
synthesis. However, it has high computational cost in obtaining a full
three-dimensional image. To overcome these difficulties, this paper proposes an
accurate fast imaging algorithm for targets buried in a uniform dielectric
medium by advancing the RPM(Range Points Migration) algorithm. Numerical
simulation shows the proposed algorithm achieves imaging accuracy of around
1/20 λ with less computation time by specifying boundary extraction.
BP1.39 MODELING AND RECONSTRUCTION IN A 3D
MICROWAVE IMAGING SYSTEM
A. Fhager, J. Koster, T. Rubaek, M. Persson, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
In
this paper we discuss the design and modeling of a 3D system for microwave
imaging. The antenna system consists of 32 monopoles in a cylindrical
configuration. A FDTD model of the system is used in the imaging reconstruction
algorithm. Here we show a comparison of the data generated from the numerical
FDTD model with measured data, as well as imaging of a simple target using this
system. The agreement in the model is good and the imaging of a test object is
successful.
BP1.40 BACK-PROJECTION ALGORITHM FOR ISAR
IMAGING OF NEAR-FIELD CONCEALED OBJECTS
In
this study, the detection of metal objects concealed under clothes is
investigated through millimeter-wave inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR)
imaging. A metallic gun is selected as the target and W-band ISAR measurements
for a two-dimensional scanning geometry are carried out in our anechoic chamber
measurement facility. The ISAR images of concealed object are reconstructed
using the near-field back-projection algorithm. The obtained images indicate
the efficient detection and identification of the gun covered with different
textile types.
BP1.41 WAVE TOMOGRAPHY OF TIME-VARYING DISORDERED
STRUCTURES
G. Samelsohn, Holon Institute of Technology, Holon, Israel
An
original model based on the first principles is constructed for the temporal
correlation of wave fields propagating in random scattering media. The
predictions of this model are consistent, in general, with those of the
diffusing-wave spectroscopy. It is shown that considering the wave vector as a
free parameter that can vary at will, one can provide an additional dimension
to the data, which results in a tomographic-type reconstruction of the full
space-time dynamics of a complex structure, instead of a plain spectroscopic
technique.
BP1.42 SHORT- AND LONG-RANGE PASSIVE IMAGING
IN MILLIMETER-WAVE-BAND
The
millimeter-wave passive radiometric imaging systems based on the single channel
design are developed. The systems are intended for disclosure of dangerous
objects concealed under persons' clothing in short distances and for passive
visualization of remote targets. The low-noise compact receiver (noise factor
4.5dB for 90-100GHz) involving four stages was designed. Antenna systems based
on aspheric lens and parabolic reflector were adopted. The radiometric imaging
peculiarities of building materials were investigated. The systems successfully
recognize the metallic weapon hidden under outer clothing at a distance about
10m and visualize remote targets at a distance of 170m.
BP1.43 A TOMOGRAPHY APPROACH TO THROUGH WALL
MICROWAVE AND MILLIMETER-WAVE IMAGING
H. Cetinkaya, A. Kaya, A. Unal, A. Vertiy, TUBITAK-Marmara Research Center (MRC), Kocaeli, Turkey
The
detection and imaging of concealed objects like spy technologies behind a wall
are important problems. For this reason, we investigate a surface tomography method
used in subsurface applications in the context of through wall imaging for
small objects. Through wall imaging at microwave and millimeter-wave were
studied for different objects. Theoretical background is briefly described. The
microwave and millimeter-wave tomography setups are presented. Measurements and
are explained. The 2D and 3D reconstructed images are illustrated for all
measurements in section 3. Conclusion is given in section 4.
BP1.44 RIGOROUS APPROACH TO ANALYSIS OF 2-D
ELECTROSTATIC-FIELD PROBLEMS FOR MULTI- CONDUCTOR SYSTEMS
G. Safonova, E. Vynogradova, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia
The
two-dimensional body potential problem is rigorously solved with emphasis on
electrostatics. By the Method of Analytical Regularization, the solution is
obtained from coupled second kind infinite systems of linear algebraic
equations that are effectively solved numerically by a truncation method. A
combination of the fast convergence with fast and accurate computation of the
matrix elements makes the computational routine extremely efficient: in most
cases the computational time measures a few seconds. As an example, the
developed algorithm is applied to a calculation of the capacitance matrix for N
arbitrary profiled charged cylinders surrounded by a grounded cylindrical
shield.
BP1.45 SPURIOUS RESULTS OF EFIE AND CFIE
APPLIED TO DIELECTRIC/OPTICAL WAVEGUIDES
The
surface Electric Field Integral Equation (EFIE) has a non-unique solution when
applied to a dielectric waveguide. MoM is used to numerically solve the EFIE
applied to an optical fiber. The fiber consists of a dielectric core surrounded
by a cladding. The results for the fiber verify the existence of spurious
results. However, no spurious results were observed when the surface Combined
Field Integral Equation (CFIE) was used to calculate the modes of the fiber.
Spurious results may exist when CFIE is applied to a fiber with air holes. This
is proven for a circular coaxial dielectric waveguide.
BP1.46 ON THE CLASS OF A1 NUMBERS:
DEFINITION, NUMERICAL MODELING, DOMAIN OF EXISTENCE AND APPLICATION
The
class of positive real numbers A1 is advanced by means of the ones A1-, A1+.
The latter are defined with the help of the positive purely imaginary zeros of
a complex Kummer function of specially picked out parameters. A method is
elaborated for counting their values. Tables and graphs illustrate the outcomes
of computations. The limits of the existence domains of each of the three kinds
of numbers are found, too. A formula for calculation of the differential phase
shift produced by the circular waveguide with azimuthally magnetized ferrite
which sustains normal TE01 mode is suggested, employing the A1.
BP1.47 A NOVEL APPROACH FOR FAST EVALUATION
OF 1-D AND 2-D INFINITE SUMMATIONS
A
novel computational method is proposed to evaluate 1-D and 2-D infinite
summations that are relatively difficult to compute numerically. The method is
based on a subspace algorithm, which uses a set of partial sums to approximate
the trend of these sums in terms of complex exponentials. For a convergent
summation, it is expected that one of the exponential terms will turn out to be
with vanishingly small exponent (ideally zero), corresponding to the result of
the summation. Since the procedure requires the evaluation of relatively small
number of terms, the computational cost is significantly reduced.
BP1.48 A LAGRANGE POLYNOMIAL CHEBYSHEV PSEUDO
SPECTRAL TIME DOMAIN METHOD IN ONE DIMENSIONAL LARGE SCALE APPLICATIONS
Pseudo
Spectral Time Domain method based on Discrete Fourier series has been widely
used in computational electromagnetics. However, this method has disadvantages
such as, Gibbs phenomena, source conditioning and errors due to interpolation
and staircase modeling. To overcome these limitations, a Lagrange Polynomial
Chebyshev Pseudo Spectral Time Domain method has been proposed. In this work,
the efficiency of this method for large scale problems is examined in the sense
of numerical dispersion errors by solving one dimensional wave equation. The
numerical results are compared with the analytical solution and standard Finite
Difference Time Domain method solution.
Session Chairs: Takashi Ohira, Marco Luise
Session CP
Type Poster Presentation
Schedule Tuesday, August 16, 16:00-19:00
Room Poster Area
CP.1 A FAST ICA BASED ITERATIVE BLIND
DECONVOLUTION ALGORITHM
Successful
blind image deconvolution algorithms require the exact estimation of the Point
Spread Function size, PSF. In the absence of any priori information about the
imagery system and the true image. This paper, presents an exact estimation of
the PSF size that yields the optimum restored image quality. The paper also
describes a least squares PSF estimation, instead of the slowly iterative
update, that is commonly used in Iterative Blind Deconvolution software, IBD.
Moreover, a technique is also proposed to improve the sharpness of the
de-convolved images using Independent Component Analysis techniques (ICA).
Simulation examples are given.
CP.2 A LOW COMPLEXITY ULTRA-WIDEBAND,
ORTHOGONAL FREQUENCY DIVISION MULTIPLEXING COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
E. Novakov, IMEP-LAHC, Grenoble, France
The
paper describes an Ultra-Wideband (UWB) communication system based on the
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) modulation scheme. The system
uses a small number of sub-carrier frequencies which allow the straightforward
implementation of the OFDM modulator and demodulator. An experimental RF
transceiver based upon the proposed method was tested. An RF band ranging from
4.2-4.8GHz was used. The transceiver has a demonstrated operational
line-of-sight communication range of 3m for a data rate of up to 40Mbit/s. This
system is well adapted for implementation in a low-complexity and low-power
integrated circuit.
CP.3 SATELLITE TERRESTRIAL INTEGRATED
MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM AS A DISASTER COUNTERMEASURE
Creating
a safer society requires communication methods available during disasters. This
need has prompted the start of research and development to build a mobile
satellite communication system for the satellite terrestrial common terminal.
The system is called STICS (Satellite/Terrestrial Integrated mobile
Communication System). A dual communication function that can connect to both
the terrestrial system and the satellite system is formed by using a common
terminal with a portable, handheld shape. This paper discusses the research and
development and the current status of STICS.
CP.4 A COST-EFFECTIVE LOCATION
MANAGEMENT STRATEGY BASED ON MOVEMENT PATTERN OF ACTIVE USERS IN A
HETEROGENEOUS SYSTEM
D. De, A. Mukherjee, West Bengal University of Technology, kolkata, West Bengal, India
This
paper proposes a cost effective location management method for location update
and paging in heterogeneous wireless systems. The proposed location update
method generates dynamic location area list. It provides accurate and
up-to-date location information of each user and their probabilities of
visiting each LA and cells within a LA. This list is updated according to user
movement. Probable short term traffic in each LA can be forecasted using the
probabilistic information in the LA list. The proposed selective paging minimizes
call delivery cost. Overall 48%-65% improvement in total cost in location
management has been achieved.
CP.5 LINEARITY AND EFFICIENCY
PERFORMANCE OF A MODIFIED ENVELOPE ELIMINATION AND RESTORATION TRANSMITTER
ARCHITECTURE
T. Nesimoglu, Middle East Technical University, Northern Cyprus Campus, Guzelyurt, Turkey
In
this paper, linearity and efficiency degrading mechanisms within envelope
elimination and restoration transmitters are explained and demonstrated through
simulations. A modified transmitter architecture is proposed to overcome these
shortcomings. The proposed and conventional envelope elimination and
restoration transmitter performances are compared and it is demonstrated that
the proposed architecture provides better linearity and efficiency.
CP.6 A NOBLE COST OPTIMIZED LOCATION
MANAGEMENT SCHEME FOR FREQUENT VISITORS IN MOBILE NETWORK
D. De, M. Mondal, West Bengal University of Technology, kolkata, West Bengal, India
This
paper proposes a cost optimized location management scheme based on replicated
databases utilizing the advantage of short term events and update only the
replicas of users frequently visited location area. This method updates HLR
database after every 24 hours whereas in case of VLR database is updated after
every 1 hour. It reduces database overloading problems and the total location
management cost. Comparison of this scheme with that of GSM shows that the proposed
scheme performs better and in general 14% to 25% improvement in total cost in
Location Management has been achieved than previous schemes.
CP.7 CREST FACTOR REDUCTION THROUGH
SCALING AND RECOVERING BY FRAME IN OFDM COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
W. Jang, N. B. Carvalho, Institute of Telecommunications, Aveiro, Portugal
A
new scheme for reducing crest factor in orthogonal frequency division
multiplexing communication systems has been proposed. All necessary operations
are conducted by adding simple functions in baseband. The major advantage is
that there is no extra information to be sent to the receiver. Also, the scheme
does not degrade adjacent channel power ratio and error vector magnitude at all.
The scheme achieves about 2.5dB of crest factor reduction. For validation of
the scheme, the processes in baseband and in RF have been conducted with
Simulink and measurement with a power amplifier respectively.
CP.8 METHODS TO SUSTAIN CELLULAR
CHANNEL AVAILABILITY IN HIGH TRAFFIC LOCATION
D. De, S. Chakraborty, West Bengal University of Technology, kolkata, West Bengal, India
This
paper concerns GSM cellular network where congestion problem is common
resulting in insufficient capacity of high interference level. One of the most
efficient techniques is cell breathing where the coverage will shrink when more
users are supported. Further, we propose a new approach that is intersystem
handoff for congested network where the handoff takes place from one network to
another network. It is analyzed that proposed approach Intersystem handoff in
congested area is approximately 89% more cost effective than cell breathing
approach.
CP.9 DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF GAN HEMT
BALANCED CLASS E POWER AMPLIFIER FOR WIMAX APPLICATIONS
O. Kizilbey, O. Palamutcuogullari, TUBITAK BILGEM, Kocaeli, Turkey
In
this paper, the design of a balanced Class E power amplifier being
symmetrically driven by two Class E circuits is studied. The balanced Class E
circuit, under nominal operating conditions, has lower harmonic distortions,
and the design of the impedance matching network for harmonic filtering becomes
less critical. Practical design equations for Class E operation are given and
simulation results graphically presented. It has been found that the proposed
balanced GaN HEMT class-E amplifier can deliver the higher power, higher
efficiency performances and lower harmonic distortion than single ended
topologies for WiMax applications.
CP.10 A FADING GENERATOR USING ROTATED
SCATTERING SLOTS
R. Yamaguchi, NTT DOCOMO, Inc., Yokosuka, Japan
MIMO-OTA
(Over-the-air) measurement methods of mobile terminals have been recently
studied and developed for mobile communications. However, the methods like
these for base station antenna have not been often reported. A fading generator
using rotated scattering objects has been proposed in my previous study in
order to establish an OTA measurement method for MIMO base station emulating
radio environment around the base station. In this paper, slots on the metal
disc are newly adopted as scattering objects in order to get the Rayleigh
waves. The validity of the proposed generator is clarified by experiments using
a prototype.
CP.11 ENHANCING THE THROUGHPUT EFFICIENCY
OF JPEG IMAGE TRANSMISSION OVER LOW-POWER MOBILE IEEE 802.15.1 NETWORK USING
EDR PACKETS
Throughput
is one of the most important factors in wireless communication. This paper
studies the throughput efficiency of mobile Bluetooth network. It a proposes
efficient error control schemes to improve the throughput of Bluetooth systems.
The simulation experiments are carried over correlated Rayleigh fading channel.
Our experiments reveal that the proposed convolutional code with constraint
length K=3 and 7 improves the throughput efficiency at low SNR values. The
convolutional codes are good over correlated fading channel more than the
traditional Bluetooth error correction scheme. At higher SNR values
(SNR>28dB) the standard uncoded 2DH3 packets gives a good throughput.
CP.12 THE CONVERGENCE OF BROADCASTING AND
HETEROGENEOUS WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS OVER FIBER NETWORK AN EXPERIMENT OF FIELD
TRIAL -
This
paper describes on application of Radio-on-Fiber, for the digital divide
solution by utilizing CATV optical fiber network. We have been demonstrated RoF
repeater system for heterogeneous wireless infrastructure by using in-door
experiment, however field trial is required. Now, the radiation inspection have
been done as an experiment bureau in the mountainous area at the Nosegawa
village in Nara prefecture, Japan aiming evaluating the correspondence with the
link budget design, and clarifying wireless coverage of the proposed system. In
this paper, the SCM RoF transmission of multiple radio services and result of
the field trial is reported.
CP.13 A DVB-H TESTBED FOR WIRELESS
BILLBOARD CHANNEL SIMULATION
This
paper describes the design and implementation of a digital video broadcasting
handheld (DVB-H) physical-layer testbed simulator. The objective is to simulate
the broadcasting of service advertisements over the newly defined wireless
billboard channels (WBCs). Initial performance evaluation results obtained from
the testbed are provided and discussed.
CP.14 A NOVEL LOW PHASE NOISE POSITIVE
FEEDBACK TYPE PUSH-PUSH OSCILLATOR
T. Tanaka, H. Hashiguchi, M. Aikawa, Saga University, Saga, Japan
A
novel method for phase noise reduction in a push-push oscillator is described.
The push-push oscillator consists of two positive feedback type push-push
oscillators and two RF multipliers used for the noise reduction. The phase
noise of the oscillator can be improved because the multipliers fix the phase
difference between the oscillation signals of the push-push oscillators. The
second harmonic oscillator is designed and fabricated in K-Band. The output
power is +5.83 dBm at 25.6 GHz with the phase noise of -115.5 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz
offset frequency.
CP.15 TWO LAYERS SUBSTRATE INTEGRATED
WAVEGUIDE POWER DIVIDER
In
this paper a novel two layers power divider based on Substrate Integrated
Waveguide (SIW) is proposed. It includes two layers of SIW with a slot in each
layer. The electromagnetic wave is coupled from lower layer to upper layer
through slot. Simulation shows the return loss about -16dB and insertion loss
about -3.6dB at 10 GHz. This SIW power divider is fabricated and measured. Due
to some problems the measurement results will be reported later. The coupling
is mainly controlled by slot dimensions. Total size of this structure is
56mm*18mm.
Poster: RFID and Signal Processing Antennas
Session Chairs: Smail Tedjini, H. Chaloupka, Alain Sibille
Session DP1
Type Poster Presentation
Schedule Tuesday, August 16, 16:00-19:00
Room Poster Area
DP1.1 SIZE-REDUCTION OF MAGNETIC RADIATORS
FOR RFID-BASED TECHNOLOGY
M. Marroncelli, D. Trinchero, R. Stefanelli, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
Innovative
compact geometries suitable for the realization of loop antennas for RFID
applications are proposed in this paper. The radiators have been simulated
using common commercial tools and measurements have been performed to validate
their usability. All the design procedures and the choice in the manufacturing
phase are discussed in details through the paper. The antennas characteristics
have been analyzed focusing on important characteristics, such us the return
loss value, the radiation pattern and the antenna efficiency.
DP1.2 PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS AND MEASUREMENT
RESULTS OF AN ULTRA-LOW POWER WAKEUP RADIO IN THE PRESENCE OF INTERFERENCE
N. F. Kiyani, Y. Zhang, P. Harpe, X. Huang, G. Dolmans, IMEC-NL/Holst, Eindhoven, Netherlands
Wakeup
radios (also referred to as event-driven radios) is a paradigm for lowcost,
lowenergy identification radios to assist the main radio for continuous channel
monitoring without sacrificing the latency requirements. In this paper, we
present the design, and measurement results of an ultra low-power wakeup radio.
The designed wakeup radio achieves excellent performance in terms of
probability of miss & false alarm. The designed radio is also analyzed in
the presence of co-channel CW and modulated interferer in a wide variety of
deployment scenarios. The performance is considerably better than other
low-power implementations available in the market.
DP1.3 DC POWER PATTERN OF
RECTIFIER-ANTENNAS
E. A. Falkenstein, CU Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
This
paper addresses calculations and a measurement procedure for rectifier-antenna
DC power patterns. The pattern of a rectifier-antenna is dependent on the
antenna gain G(theta,phi) and the rectifier RF to DC efficiency (eta). This
makes the pattern dependent not only on the angles theta and phi‑ but
also on frequency, RF input power to the rectifier and the DC load. Example of
a 1.96GHz patch rectifier-antenna is presented in the paper. It is shown that
measured patterns of the integrated rectifier-antenna match theoretical
predictions at different incident power density levels.
DP1.4 ELECTROMAGNETIC ANALYSIS OF UHF
NEAR-FIELD RFID TAG ANTENNA
M. Dhaouadi, M. Mabrouk, Higher School of Communication of Tunis(SUPCOM/CIRTACOM), Ariana, Tunisia
In
this paper, the performance of Near-Field UHF RFID systems is investigated by
means of electromagnetic analyses. A novel antenna is presented for ultra high
frequency (UHF) near-field radio frequency identification (RFID) applications.
The reactance component of tag antenna considered chip impedance (-193j) is
conjugated and matched for maximum power transmission. The antenna is fabricated
by using Polyester (PET) dielectric substrate with permittivity 3.2.The antenna
Return Loss is of 14.0 dB for the worst case in the middle of UHF range, better
than 31.4 dB at 900 MHz.
DP1.5 HIGH-RESOLUTION MICROWAVE PHOTONIC
NOTCH FILTER WITH LOW-NOISE AND LOW GROUP DELAY RIPPLE PERFORMANCE
E. H. Chan, R. A. Minasian, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
A
high-resolution microwave photonic notch filter having a wide passband and a narrow
notch, is presented. It is based on a WDM multiple double-pass modulation
approach using Bragg grating reflectors. The WDM laser powers are optimised to
flatten the filter passband and to improve the filter group delay performance.
The filter operates over a wide frequency range. Experimental results
demonstrate a microwave photonic notch filter with a wide and flat passband, a
narrow notch at GHz frequency and a high signal-to-noise ratio performance.
Tunable coherence-free operation of the notch filter is also shown.
DP1.6 DETECTION OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS
USING SURFACE PROXIMITY ANTENNAS
E. Topsakal, T. Karacolak, N. Younan, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, USA
The
objective of this study is to detect and identify radioactive materials using
surface proximity antennas. To do so, we first developed a simulation model of
earth as seen in Fig 1a. We have then designed microstrip patch antennas
propagating (-z -direction) towards earth surface to understand the effects of
earth and buried objects on the antenna performance (Fig. 1b). Various types of
objects (pec, radioactive materials, glass, etc.) were placed at different
depths and simulations were carried out to detect changes in antenna parameters
such as return loss.
DP1.7 THEORY OF THE L4 NUMBERS: EXISTENCE
THEOREM AND PHYSICAL INTERPRETATION
A
new class of real positive numbers (the L4 numbers), consisting of three
subclasses is defined, using the purely imaginary zeros of special functions,
constructed through combinations of given complex Kummer and Tricomi confluent
hypergeometric and real ordinary or modified Bessel ones. A direct physical
corollary of this fact is the appearance of envelope curves in the phase
diagrams for normal TE0n modes of the circular waveguide, containing an
azimuthally magnetized ferrite toroid and a dielectric cylinder with relative
permittivity, smaller than that of the ferrite, restricting the characteristics
for both signs of magnetization from the side of higher frequencies.
Poster: High frequency Devices and Multiphysics Techniques
Session Chairs: Peter Russer, Andreas Cangellaris, Irsadi Aksun
Session DP2
Type Poster Presentation
Schedule Tuesday, August 16, 16:00-19:00
Room Poster Area
DP2.1 A NUMERICAL TEST OF KING'S GREEN
FUNCTIONS IN THIN WIRE SCATTERING PROBLEMS
O. Zor, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey; B. Polat, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
R.W.P.
King's Green functions which are derived under high contrast approximation and
valid for arbitrary range are tested in formulating scattering problems for
metallic thin wire structures located over a planar lossy dielectric
half-space. For a verification of the developed MATLAB codes, which employ a
Method of Moments formulation with pulse basis functions, the current
distributions obtained under plane wave illumination on the arms of crossed
thin wire structure are compared to the same results obtained by the commercial
software SNEC. The formulation also provides it possible to include terrain
features into any scattering scenario.
DP2.2 FLEXIBLE, WIDEBAND, DUAL-BAND &
RECONFIGURABLE DIRECT-WRITE FOLDED-SLOT ANTENNAS
D. E. Anagnostou, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD, United States
A
design methodology that advances the capabilities of coplanar folded-slot
dipole antennas (CFSA) is described. The methodology can transform single-band
CFSAs by using symmetric and asymmetric radiation modes, to broadband,
dual-band and reconfigurable (or tunable). This paper develops the theory for
antenna operation, corrects an erroneous assumption that had been used since
1995 and presents design guidelines. A transmission-line model determines the
tunable second resonance or bandwidth enhancement condition. Next, a reliable
uni-planar reconfigurable CFSA without bias lines is inkjet-printed on flexible
Kapton. Theoretical results are validated through measurements of prototypes
developed at SDSMT.
DP2.3 PHASE REDRESS FOR THE BEND ON
DIFFERENTIAL MICROSTRIP LINES
C.-F. Huang, C.-L. Wu, C.-F. Shih, Tatung University, Taipei, Taiwan
The
bend is often encountered in routing the differential microstrip lines on PCB
layers for high-speed transmission. In addition to generating unwanted
electromagnetic wave in air, a bend of differential transmission line also
causes random ultra phase difference other than 180 degree for the original odd
mode. In this paper, the effect caused by the bend of differential microstip
line is demonstrated and analyzed. Importantly, a technique for redressing the
ultra phase difference is proposed. Both of simulation and measurement results
are presented in this work.
DP2.4 YIELD ANALYSIS OF A STRIPLINE
WILKINSON POWER DIVIDER USING MONTE CARLO SAMPLES OF INTERPOLATED FULL WAVE
SIMULATION DATA USING SONNET
B. Souid, S. Arvas, Sonnet Software, North Syracuse, NY, United States
In
this paper, the use of Monte Carlo samples of interpolated data from a linearly
spaced grid of electromagnetic simulation data for yield analysis is
investigated. The motivation for this approach stems from a desire to have
accurate yield metrics without the need to fabricate a large number of circuits
or run a large number of full wave simulations. The approach presented in this
paper provides a means to estimate circuit yield values with relatively little
computational effort. This paper will use a Wilkinson power divider designed
with Sonnet as a simple example.
DP2.5 DESIGN OF QUADRUPLE-PASSBAND
MICROWAVE FILTERS USING FREQUENCY TRANSFORMATION
This
paper describes a synthesis method for quadruple-passband microwave filters. A
frequency transformation method is developed for finding the locations of poles
and zeros of the filter response. An eight-pole microstrip quadruple-passband
filter is synthesized for validation, with designed pass bands at 1.85-1.88,
1.943-1.97, 2.03-2.057, and 2.12-2.15 GHz. The filter is realized in microstrip
and the measured results show good agreement with the theoretical ones.
DP2.6 COMPACT CROSS-COUPLED
COPLANAR-WAVEGUIDE BANDPASS FILTERS WITHOUT BONDWIRES
Y.-S. Lin, T.-P. Kao, National Central University, Chungli, Taiwan
Two
types of compact cross-coupled coplanar-waveguide (CPW) bandpass filters, which
are the dual of each other, are proposed. They are based on the three-line
coupled CPW along with lumped-element K- or J-inverters. Due to the symmetrical
filter structure, no bondwires are required for filter implementation, which
greatly simplifies the fabrication process. Their filter sizes are about 50% of
the conventional parallel-coupled filter with no spurious passbands at even
harmonics. In addition, by introducing the cross-coupling effect, two
transmission zeros at the upper and lower stopbands may be created, which
improve the filter selectivity.
DP2.7 A LOW-COST UWB GAUSSIAN, MONOCYCLE
AND DOUBLET GENERATION BASED ON THE TRANSIENT RESPONSE OF BAND PASS FILTERS
This
paper describes low-cost architectures for Gaussian, Monocycle and Doublet
generation of short pulses for UWB applications based on the transient response
of passive band pass filters. Three prototypes are developed to demonstrate
experimentally this approach. The first one for the Gaussian waveform, the
second one for the Monocycle waveform and the third one for the Doublet
waveform. In these three cases, we obtain subnanosecond pulses with large
spectral densities. A pulse repetition frequency of about 1 GHz could be generated
without interference between successive short pulses. This approach can lead to
a simple architectures for UWB applications.
DP2.8 SQUARE SPLIT RING RESONATOR BACKED
COPLANAR WAVEGUIDE FOR FILTER APPLICATIONS
In
this paper, we present a design of a coplanar waveguide loaded with square
split ring resonators for filter applications. A theoretical formulation to
estimate the resonant frequency of the square split ring resonator is also
proposed. Experimental verification of the proposed theory is reported and the
computed data are also compared with simulation results revealing good
agreement.
DP2.9 BUILT-IN-SELF-TEST (BIST) PROBING
FOR WIRELESS NON-CONTACT MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF INTEGRATED
CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS
This
paper discusses concept and feasibility of wireless BIST probing for
non-contact measurement and characterization. Inter-Chip noise interferences as
function of wireless coupling-path attributes (wireless separation distance
between emitter and receiver chips, injected power levels, Charge-Pump-Current)
are characterized. Study of BIST for reconfigurability of on-chip functions is
investigated based on design of programmable automatic oscillation amplitude
control of PLL reference oscillators. Impacts of BIST circuits on system performances
are evaluated based on simulation analysis and experimental verifications.
DP2.10 NONLINEAR PHOTONICS OF BACKWARD WAVES
Several
nonlinear-optical coupling schemes in double domain positive/negative index
metamaterials are proposed, which include ordinary and backward electromagnetic
waves. One of them is investigated in the context of the applications to
compensating strong losses inherent to plasmonic metamaterials and to design of
novel ultracompact photonic devices for optical sensing and data processing.
Each of the schemes provides different distribution of the coupled fields (hot
zones) across the originally strongly absorbing metamaterial slab and exotic
output behavior compared with the counterparts in ordinary materials. The
outlined possibilities are illustrated with the numerical simulations.
Session Chair: Christos Christopoulos
Session EP1
Type Poster Presentation
Schedule Tuesday, August 16, 16:00-19:00
Room Poster Area
EP1.1 APPROXIMATE SURFACE-CURRENT
DISTRIBUTIONS OF RECTANGULAR DIPOLE ANTENNAS
Q. Wu, D. Su, S. Xie, Beihang University, Beijing, China
An
approximate surface-current distribution of rectangular dipole antennas,
composed of two linear-currents along the antenna edges and a uniform
surface-current within the antenna bodies, is proposed. It presents some new
insights to planar dipole antennas, and could also be used for fast, explicit
and Ultra-wideband predictions of their radiation patterns. The averaged errors
between the calculated results based on the proposed distributions and the
full-wave results are respectively 0.075 dB on the H-plane and 2.95 on the
E-plane. From the explicit results, some design considerations for stable
radiation patterns are presented.
EP1.2 A TUNABLE EBG ABSORBER FOR
RADIO-FREQUENCY POWER IMAGING
A
tunable EBG absorber is designed for radio-frequency (RF) power imaging.
Incident RF power is absorbed by lumped resistors interconnecting the
mushroom-type surface patches, and tunability of the resonance (absorption)
frequency is achieved by varactor diodes. The amounts of RF power consumed by
the individual resistors are directly measured to obtain the incident RF power
distribution. The absorption characteristics at normal incidence are evaluated
based on an equivalent circuit model which exactly explains the frequency
behavior of the surface impedance of the tunable EBG absorber observed in EM
simulation. A means to improve the absorption performance is examined.
EP1.3 PROPOSAL OF A GENERAL METHOD TO
STUDY WAVE PROPAGATION
We
propose a new approach to obtain the expression of the wave on any port of a
complex network made of junctions and ports. Based on a definition of the
topology of the network, we create a S matrix for the whole network and a
propagation matrix G which manage the exchange of waves between the ports. Once
on an input port of a junction, the application of a product with the S matrix
implies the transmission of the wave. The product GS is applied as many times
as it is necessary to reproduce propagation phenomenon in the whole network.
EP1.4 DEVELOPMENT OF WEAK RADIATION POWER
MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUE
A
Measurement system for very week radiation such as from Ultra Wide Band(UWB)
devices or ZigBee, PLC, and so on. This system covers from 0.8GHz to nearly
30GHz with three individual receivers with 32MHz or 512MHz I/Q IF output to
8bit samplers, K5/VSSP32 or ADS3000+, controlled by PC. Receivers are equipped
two Dicke switches operated by the PC, one for dummy load in room temperature
and another for noise diode for gain calibration in signal integration time,
which are aimed for so weak level of noise as -90dBm/MHz.
EP1.5 ELECTROMAGNETIC SHIELDING AND
ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYURETHANE ACRYLATE/E-GLASS COMPOSITES IN THE 3-13
GHZ FREQUENCY RANGE
A. Gungor, I. Usta, M. Ugur, Z. Yildiz, E. Sancak, C. Macit, marmara university, Istanbul, Turkey
The
electromagnetic shielding effectiveness and surface resistivity of UV-cured
polyurethane acrylate (PUA) / copper wire / E-glass fabric composites in the
frequency range of 3-13 GHz were investigated using a free space measurement.
The effect of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) binder on the shielding and electrical
properties were searched by using a range of PVB concentrations 2.5, 5, 7.5 %
and without PVB. The best EMSE value of 25 dB was obtained in the frequency
range of 5-9 GHz by adding 2.5 % PVB. When the addition of PVB was more than
2.5 %, the shielding effect decreased.
EP1.6 ELECTROMAGNETIC PROFILING OF A
DOUBLE DECKED BUS USING A SCALE MODEL
This
paper introduces the study of electromagnetic profiling for electrically large
structures using scale models and outlines the study and use of radio frequency
propagation and power distribution internally from a double decked bus to an
external receiver. A scale model study of a double decked bus, examining the
effect of antenna placement and internal structures within the bus on the
propagation and power distribution of an omni-directional source is performed.
Measurements on the scaled bus model were performed in a fully automated near
field scanner and the results are compared.
EP1.7 EXTREME ELECTROMAGNETIC ANOMALIES IN
THE IONOSPHERE AND THEIR FUTURE IMPLICATIONS.
S. Lawrence, University of Cambridge and Sci-Tech(South), Cambridge, United Kingdom
The
electromagnetic environment shows many anomalies in its' activity especially in
the ionosphere.The ionosphere is a region where changes take place in physical
conditions which can be related to the reaction of the particles of the
ionosphere to more extreme reactions in the further reaches of space. This means
that the ionosphere is a true electromagnetic environment and can show to
observers that repeating patterns can be interpreted for the near future as
well as for the longer term
EP1.8 NATURAL ELF/VLF ATMOSPHERIC NOISE
STATISTICS IN THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN
ELF/VLF
electromagnetic transient signals and noise are generated by various natural
and anthropogenic processes. This atmospheric "noise", originating
essentially from lightning discharges, is the main source of interference for
VLF/LF telecommunications. One of the statistical measures that are used to
define the properties of low-frequency radio noise is the voltage deviation Vd,
being a measure of the impulsiveness of the noise. For the first time we
present analysis of the statistical parameters of Vd from continuous broadband
VLF measurements for a period extending more than one year.
EP1.9 DYNAMICAL EVOLUTION OF SCHUMANN
RESONANCE FREQUENCY SPECTRA DURING SOME STRONG Q-BURSTS
S. Paul, S. S. De, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
Schumann
resonances observations from a tropical region near Kolkata at the estuary of
the river Ganges merging into the Bay-of-Bengal (21.48 N, 88.61 E) are being
made. Several Q-bursts spectra are observed. The dynamic evolution of the
Q-bursts will be presented here. Time series evolutions of signals of several
Q-bursts are analyzed. Q-burst amplitudes from 1 to 300 Hz of Q-bursts spectra
for 1 sec FFT reaches about -47 dB near the first mode of SR frequency. This
shows that Q-burst has the tendency to dominate within 1 - 300 Hz.
EP1.10 CNN COMPUTING OF THE INTERACTION OF
FLUXONS
In
this paper we shall study the interaction of the physical object - quantum of
magnetic flow, called fluxon. Fluxons arise in the well known Josephson
Junction (JJ) which is used in many applications in superconductor
electronics.In this paper we shall consider the interaction of the solutions of
modified sin-Gordon equation called fluxons. We shall present Cellular Neural
Network (CNN) computing for the interactions of fluxon-antifluxon and a pair of
two fluxons. We shall construct CNN model of the modified sin-Gordon equation.
Finally we shall provide the simulation results and discuss the obtained
results.
EP1.11 DEVELOPMENT OF AN EFFICIENT NUMERICAL
SET-UP TO PREDICT THE PERFORMANCE OF GROUND-PENETRATING-RADAR SYSTEMS FOR
ON-SITE EARTH AND PLANETARY APPLICATIONS
The
aim of this study is to assess the features of a numerical tool able to predict
in an efficient and accurate way the performance of Ground Penetrating Radars
in many typical on-site Earth and planetary applications. Suitable
implementation of a computer-aided-design package is carried out by accounting
for the most critical aspects of the GPR behavior (e.g., antenna elements,
signal waveforms, physical characteristics of host media and scatterers).
Representative examples of different application scenarios have been developed
and tested. Full validation is achieved by means of appropriate comparisons
derived through ad-hoc experimental set-up.
FP1 – Poster session 1 – Focus: Remote Sensing
Session Chairs: Mahta Moghaddam, Madhu Chandra
Session FP1
Type Poster Presentation
Schedule Tuesday, August 16, 16:00-19:00
Room Poster Area
FP1.1 STUDIES ON THE EFFECTS OF AILA-2009
ON VLF INTEGRATED FIELD INTENSITY OF ATMOSPHERICS
Remarkable
effects on the records on Integrated Field Intensity of Atmospherics (IFIA)
over Kolkata (latitude: 22.56 N, longitude: 88.5 E) at 3 kHz and 9 kHz are
observed due to severe electrical activity in a thunderstorm, AILA, followed by
severe thundershowers and lightning. The analyses and evaluation of the
recorded data have been presented here.
FP1.2 L-BAND H POLARIZED MICROWAVE
EMISSION DURING THE CORN GROWTH CYCLE
From
a combined active/passive microwave remote sensing campaign conducted in 2002,
hourly L-band H polarized TB measurements are available over the corn growth
cycle. A ground characterization took place weekly around the footprints and
automated instruments were available to support the microwave data sets. In
this investigation, the soil moisture and temperatures measured have been
utilized as input for the (Tau-Omega) model to reproduce the measured TB
cycles. Via calibration of the model’s vegetation and roughness
parameterizations, the impact of the changing canopy structure throughout the
season and soil moisture dependence of the hr are evaluated.
FP1.3 SCHUMANN RESONANCE: A LATEST WONDER
FOR CLIMATE FORECAST !
The
variability of the intensity of the Schumann Resonances (SR) is related to the
variability of global lightning activity which is dependent on Upper
Tropospheric Water Vapour (UTWV). Monitoring of SR would provide a tool for
time-tracking of UTWV changes. The correlation between troposheric water
content and Schumann Resonance field can be explored. From the nature of
correlation, a model will be built which will be used to forecast the water
vapour content from the observed value of SR. Climatic condition would be
forecasted using SR data with the sequence below: SR data -> Water vapour
content-> climate forecasting
FP1.4 COMPARISON BETWEEN REMOTE ANTENNA
UNITS WITH DETACHABLE ANTENNAS AND PHOTONIC ACTIVE INTEGRATED ANTENNAS FOR
INDOOR APPLICATIONS
Measurements
are presented for the performance evaluation of two distinct Radio over Fiber
(RoF) architectures for indoor applications that can be employed in a Power
over Fiber scenario (PoF). One is a discrete component based remote antenna
system with detachable antennas and the second is a system which features
Photonic Active Integrated Antennas with lossless matching circuits. Both
systems show extremely good performance in the distribution of 802.11b signals
in terms of throughput and EVM. The integrated approach suffers from RF
cross-talk issues which limit its performance considerably when distributing
802.11g signals.
Session Chairs: John Mathews , Frederic Pitout
Session GP1
Type Poster Presentation
Schedule Tuesday, August 16, 16:00-19:00
Room Poster Area
GP1.1 EFFECTS OF THE PENETRATION OF
MAGNETOSPHERIC CONVECTION ELECTRIC FIELD AT EQUATOR ON IONOSPHERIC PARAMETERS
N. M. Mene, University of Cocody, UFR SSMT, Laboratory of Atmospheric Physic, ABIDJAN, Cote d'Ivoire
The
penetration of magnetospheric electric field at equator influences the
ionospheric parameters. To investigate the effects of this penetration on the
F2-layer peak height (hmF2) and the total electron content (TEC), we study the
variations of those parameters during the magnetic storm of 17 February 1993,
using ionosonde data of an equatorial station. We have an increase and a
decrease of the hmF2 at equator respectively during the prompt penetration and
overshielding events. Few minutes after the prompt penetration and the
overshielding we have respectively high and low TEC values compared to those of
a quiet day.
GP1.2 SOLAR FLUX INFLUENCE ON PROPAGATION
OF DISTURBANCE DYNAMO TO EQUATORIAL IONOSPHERE
Ionosonde
data recorded at Trivandrum (77E, 8.5N, dip0.5N) from 1990-2003 is scaled to
obtained LT variation of base height of F layer (hF) in the post sunset hours.
An attempt is made to identify the effects associated with DD alone, which are
causing upward movement of F layer in the post sunset hours and studied
separately for low and high solar flux. Mainly the delay time required by DD to
show its maximum effect on hF in the post sunset hours are estimated for low
and high solar flux along with corresponding Joule energy budget.
GP1.3 AN INVESTIGATION OF IONOSPHERIC
DISTURBANCES OVER SOUTH AFRICA DURING THE MAGNETIC STORM ON 15 MAY 2005
This
paper reports on the first investigation of travelling ionospheric disturbances
(TIDs) over mid-latitude South Africa during the magnetic storm on 15 May 2005.
Using GPS-derived total electron content (TEC) variations, two TEC enhancements
were observed: the first associated with the poleward movement of the
equatorial ionisation anomaly and the passage of a TID, and the second
associated with a second TID. In addition, the F-region critical frequency
(foF2) values observed show that the ionospheric response as seen by ionosondes
was different from that of the TEC response. The dissimilarity suggests that
two competing drivers existed.
GP1.4 DISTURBANCE DAY-TO-DAY VARIATIONS IN
THE EQUATORIAL F LAYER
O. S. Oyekola, Private, Etobicoke, Ontario, M8V 3C8, Canada
Observations
of made by the ionosonde located near equatorial station, Ibadan (7.4oN, 3.9oE;
GMLat: 9.4oN) during the International Geophysical Year of 1958, a period of
solar maximum, were used to investigate the variability of ionosphere,
emphasizing its dependence on diurnal, seasonal, and geomagnetic activity. The
variability showed strong local time dependence, with evening and nightside
(1800-0500 LT) variability always stronger than on the dayside (0600-1700 LT).
The amplitude of day-to-day variability of between two consecutive undisturbed
and disturbed days can change by more than 20% and 60%, respectively.
GP1.5 STUDY OF THE EQUATORIAL ELECTROJET
STARTING FROM THE ELECTRODYNAMICS PARAMETERS OF THE EQUATORIAL IONOSPHERE
O. F. D. Grodji, University of Cocody, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire
We
are study of the equatorial electrojet (EEJ) by using the ionospherics
electrodynamics parameters for a period of two years, 1993 and 1994. The data
using from ionosonde IPS-42 of the station of Korhogo. As result we are founded
a average value of electron drift vertical velocity in order of 5m/s in
E-region. From the velocity, we calculated the zonal and polarization electrics
fields. Which have respectively as average values 0.19 mV/m and 3.5mV/m. we finally
determined the density and the intensity in center of EEJ.
GP1.6 EMPIRICAL MODEL OF VERTICAL PLASMA
DRIFTS ABOVE JICAMARCA TO STUDY THEIR DEPENDENCE ON SOLAR ACTIVITY.
We
have developed an empirical model for vertical drifts in order to study their
seasonal variability and dependence on solar activity. The model was developed
using measurements from the 150km region. We have only considered quiet time
data (Kp<3). The behavior of the drifts is modeled as a function of local
time, day of year, and solar flux (f10.7cm). We show that our empirical model
captures the complicated seasonal structure of the drifts, for instance it
shows the enhancement of the drift magnitudes during equinoxes, as well as, the
decrement of the magnitudes during solstices.
GP1.7 CHARACTERISTICS OF LOW LATITUDE
NOCTURNAL IONOSPHERIC IRREGULARITIES OVER INDIA-ARAB LONGITUDES DURING SOLAR
MAXIMUM
This
study investigated the low latitude nocturnal ionospheric irregularities at
India-Arab longitudes using phase fluctuations of the global positioning system
during solar maximum. The results showed that the low latitude irregularities
in this region develop easier in equinoctial months and December-solstice
months than in June-solstice months. In addition, the low latitude
irregularities mainly come from the magnetic equator. Moreover, at the crest of
equatorial anomaly the irregularities in June-solstice months maybe come from
middle latitudes. Many details are discussed.
GP1.8 RESPONCE OF THE EQUATORIAL IONOSPHERE TO THE TOTAL SOLAR ECLIPSE OF 22 JULY 2009 AND ANNULAR ECLIPSE OF 15 JANUARY 2010 AS OBSERVED FROM A NETWORK OF STATIONS SITUATED IN THE INDIAN LONGITUDE SECTOR
T. Das1,2, A. Paul1,2, A. Das1,2, S. Ray1,2, D. Bhowmick2, A. DasGupta2; 1Institute of Radio Physics and Electronics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India; 2S. K. Mitra Centre for Research in Space Environment, University of Calcatta, KOLKATA,WEST BENGAL, INDIA
Dual-frequency
GPS TEC monitors have been used to study the response of the ionosphere to the
solar eclipses of 22 July 2009 and 15 January 2010. The receivers were located
at three stations, Calcutta, Kharagpur and Baharampore which are situated
outside the umbra zone in the Indian longitude sector with each baseline being
~200 Km. Effects of obscuration of the solar disc and series of depletions in
TEC along the track were noted at the three stations.The effect contaminated by
magnetic storm. A short burst of VHF scintillation possiblely by a thin layer
sporadic-E was also observed.
GP1.9 EFFECTS OF GEOMAGNETIC DISTURBANCES
ON LINEAR GROWTH RATE OF COLLISIONAL RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY DURING SOLAR
MAXIMUM
C.-C. Lee, GEC, CYU, Taiwan, Zhongli, Taiwan
This
study chooses 3 cases under geomagnetic disturbed conditions to investigate the
effects of geomagnetic disturbance on local linear growth rate (γ) of
collisional Rayleigh-Taylor (CR-T) instability. In the case at 30 July 1999,
the γ value is 2.6 times the associated quiet-condition reference value.
In contrast, at 12 September 1999, the γ value is obviously smaller than
the associated quiet-condition reference value. In addition, the growth rates
in the case of 26 September 1999 are not affected by the geomagnetic
disturbances. The γ values are close to the associated quiet-condition
reference value.
GP1.10 A STATISTICAL STUDY OF MEDIUM-SCALE
IONOSPHERIC DISTURBANCES GENERATED BY SOLAR TERMINATOR REGISTERED OVER JAPAN IN
2008
A
statistical study of wave packets of terminator origin using GEONET GPS data
for 87 days in 2008 was done. There were some seasonal and latitudinal features
in occurrence of the packets. In spring packets are registered 1.7 times more
often in the south region than in the north one and in summer 1.3 times more
often in the north than south region. Autumn packets registration rate have two
maxima: 4 hour after and at the same time as terminator appears over the
registration point. Similar distribution maxima are registered in summer in the
south of Japan.
GP1.11 THE OBSERVATIONS OF IONOSPHERIC
FLUCTUATIONS AT MIDLATITUDES DURING NOVEMBER 2004 MAGNETIC STORM
The
midlatitude fluctuations are rather weakly relative to high latitude ones. The
most intensive midlatitude TEC fluctuations are related with irregularities
generated during strong geomagnetic storms. It was analyzed TEC fluctuations
activity for quiet November 6, 2004 and disturbed days November 8-9. At November
9 the intensity of TEC fluctuations was higher 0.25 TEC/min near 20 UT at
midlatitude GPS stations. At the same time ionospheric irregularities were
registered by midlatitude incoherent scatter radar. The storm time midlatitude
TEC fluctuations are phenomena associated with strong ionospheric gradients
near the main ionospheric trough when it shifted to midlatitudes.
GP1.12 MESO-SCALE OBSERVATIONS OF JOULE
HEATING NEAR AN AURORAL ARC
We
report on meso-scale combined ionospheric and thermospheric observations from
Svalbard in the polar cap on 2 February 2010. The EISCAT Svalbard radar
employed a novel scanning mode in order to obtain F- and E-region ion flows
over an annular region centred on the radar. A co-located Scanning Doppler
Imager observed the E-region neutral winds and temperatures around 110 km
altitude. The E-region Joule heating was estimated with an azimuthal spatial
resolution of ~64 km at a radius of ~163 km from the radar. The spatial
distribution of Joule heating shows significant meso-scale variation.
GP1.13 SPREAD F OBSERVATIONS DURING LOW SOLAR
ACTIVITY OVER CYPRUS
P. Vryonides, H. Haralambous, M. Frangoudi, Frederick University, Nicosia, Cyprus
The
temporal variations of the low-latitude spread-F (SF) observed by DPS-4D
digisonde at Nicosia during low solar activity from January 2009 to December
2010 are studied. The spread F incidents were classified into two types, i.e.,
mixed SF (MSF) and range SF (RSF). The statistical results show that the MSF
and RSF are notable irregularities in Cyprus which occur in all three seasons (
equinox, summer, winter). Both types have a diurnal peak before midnight and
usually appear during 20:00-06:00 UT.
GP1.14 COMPARISON OF COSMIC RADIO OCCULTATION
EELECTRON DENSITY MEASUREMENTS OVER EUROPE WITH IONOSONDE AND INCOHERENT
SCATTER RADAR DATA
The
COSMIC/FORMOSAT-3 occultation mission providing essential information about
height electron density distribution in ionosphere. It is important to verify
occultation profiles with other techniques and to obtain experience in the
reliability of their derivation. For comparison we used the measurements
provided by DIAS ionosonde network and midlatitude Kharkov incoherent scatter
radar. The comparison indicates that usually COSMIC RO profiles are in a good
agreement with ionosonde in F2 layer peak electron density and with IS radars
profiles both in the F2 layer peak electron density and the shape of profiles.
GP1.15 SPACED RECEIVER MEASUREMENTS OF THE
HIGH-LATITUDE IONOSPHERIC DRIFTS
In
September 2007 we started at the Polish Polar Station ( CGM latitude: 74.11N) on
Spitsbergen the spaced receiver measurements of GPS signals scintillation. The
receiver set up consists of the three antennae forming the right-angled
triangle with one of the sides in the magnetic meridian plane. The full
correlation analysis was applied to determine the drift velocity and anisotropy
of irregularities. We will present the preliminary results of the diurnal and
latitude variations of drifts and anisotropy of irregularities using a large
amount of collected data.
GP1.16 STUDY OF THE IONOSPHERIC SCINTILLATION
AND TEC CHARACTERISTICS AT SOLAR MINIMUM IN A WEST AFRICAN EQUATORIAL REGION
USING GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS) DATA
The
data used for this study are S4 index and TEC recorded at the SCINDA GPS
station of Abidjan from 2008 to 2009 epoch of low solar activity including
multipath phenomenon. The results show that scintillation is not intense with
S4 values lower than 1. However, from 2000 to 0200 LT there are high values of
S4 confirming scintillation is primarily a nighttime observed phenomenon. The
scintillation shows a seasonal effect characterized by intense values in
equinoctial months. TEC exhibits a diurnal variation as a function of the solar
zenith angle and have the same seasonal variation as S4.
GP1.17 POSSIBILITIES AND SOME RESULTS OF THE
IONOSPHERE REGIONAL MONITORING BY GPS RADIO-INTERFEROMETRY
In
this work there were considered ionospheric displays of atmosphere and
lithosphere interactions detected during February-March of 2010 above South
America. With the use of GPS-interferometry methods there were revealed
spectrum changes of non-uniform structures connected with time and period of
seismic activity in monitoring region. Probable interpretation of observed
phenomena was suggested and analysis of geographical binding dedicated by
claster analysis of waves structures was conducted.
GP1.18 THE USE OF GLONASS DATA IN IONOSPHERIC
IMAGING OVER THE ANTARCTIC
Due
to the satellite orbit inclination of 55deg, ground-based GPS measurements are
less available for ionospheric imaging at high latitudes than at middle/low
latitudes, when removing lower elevation ray paths. In this study, efforts are
made to assimilate GLONASS measurements of a greater orbit inclination of 65deg
into the tomographic algorithm, to reconstruct the ionosphere over the
Antarctic. Through validating with independent ionospheric Total Electron
Content (TEC) estimations from the Doppler Orbitography and Radio positioning
Integrated by Satellite (DORIS) system and the LEO CHAMP, the influence of the
use of GLONASS data on the inversion is also discussed.
GP1.19 GPS PHASE SCINTILLATION AND HF RADAR
BACKSCATTER OCCURRENCE IN THE HIGH-LATITUDE IONOSPHERE
The
Canadian High Arctic Ionospheric Network (CHAIN) of ten dual-frequency GPS
receivers has been operating since 2008. Phase scintillation index and total
electron content (TEC) are computed from data sampled at 50 Hz. As a function
of magnetic local time and geomagnetic latitude, the phase scintillation predominantly
occurs in the cusp and the nightside auroral oval. TEC depletions are
identified with the statistical high-latitude and mid-latitude troughs.
Scintillation-causing irregularities may coexist with small-scale field-aligned
irregularities detected by HF radars. The occurrence climatology of phase
scintillation and HF backscatter at high latitudes are compared.
GP1.20 COMPARISON OF GPS-DERIVED VTEC OVER
CYPRUS WITH IRI-2007
This
paper presents a comparison of ionospheric vertical total electron content
(vTEC) values evaluated from Nicosia (35.1 N, 33.4 E) ground-based GPS station
in Cyprus and the corresponding predictions with the latest version of the IRI
model (IRI-2007) during periods of low (2008), and high (2001) solar activity
for different seasons.
GP1.21 THE OCCURRENCES OF SPREAD F AND GPS
PHASE FLUCTUATIONS AS WELL AS MEDIUM-SCALE TRAVELING IONOSPHERIC DISTURBANCES
OVER WUHAN
In
this study, we analyzed the data from the digisonde and the GPS receiver at
Wuhan, China to study spread F, GPS phase fluctuations, and Medium-Scale
Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances (MSTIDs) at nighttime in 2000. The
variations of seasonal and nighttime occurrence rate and the one-to-one
correspondences of these phenomena were examined. The results reveal that
irregularities over Wuhan mainly relate to MSTIDs. Moreover, the strength of
irregularities related to MSTIDs is weaker than that of equatorial plasma
bubbles. Finally, smaller scale irregularities may only appear in some phase of
MSTIDs.
GP1.22 THE METHOD OF TID CHARACTERISTICS
RECONSTRUCTION FROM SIMULTANEOUS MEASUREMENTS BY OBLIQUE INCIDENCE AND VERTICAL
INCIDENCE IONOSONDES
The
radiophysical complex of the Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics for
ionospheric investigations consists of ionosonde DPS-4, Irkutsk incoherent
scatter radar and chirp-ionosonde. On account of its capabilities the complex
can be used as diagnostic tool for investigation of travelling ionospheric
disturbances (TID). The work is devoted to the method for reconstruction of TID
propagation characteristics by means of cross-correlation and spectrum analysis
of simultaneous measurements data obtained by Digisonde and oblique incidence
chirp-ionosonde. The N(h)-profiles for spaced-apart points are reconstructed
from vertical and oblique incidence data according to the Reinisch-Huang
method.
GP1.23 TID SELECTION AND RESEARCH OF ITS
CHARACTERISTICS ON IONOGRAMS
The
various manifestations of TID in ionograms received with minute periodicity by
Kazan (55N, 48 E) ionosonde during winter time are considered. Besides a
U-shaped TID trace traditionally observable in ionogram and corresponding
intensive inhomogeneity are revealed focusing TID which corresponding
low-intensity inhomogeneity. The focusing TID detection became possible owing
to a gain choice which excludes restriction of amplitude of the reflected
signal. Use of a three-dimensional array of amplitudes of F-region echoes has
allowed to determine a basic parameters of TID such as periodicity and descent
time.
GP1.24 VIRTUAL IONOSONDE NETWORK IN CONJUGATE
HEMISPHERE
International
Reference Ionosphere extended to the plasmasphere (IRI-Plas) is an important
tool in estimation of ionospheric parameters. IRI-Plas performance in GPS-TEC
assimilation mode is used to produce F2 layer critical frequency at magnetic
conjugate locations for eight ionosondes in East Asea comparing results with
foF2 observations. The ionospheric weather W index indicating ratio of
instantaneous foF2 to the median is computed and consistent results are obtained
in conjugate hemispheres varying from quiet state to intense storm. The online
implementation of proposed technique simulates a virtual ionosonde network at
magnetic conjugate locations where ionosondes are absent or sparse.
GP1.25 INVESTIGATING MORPHOLOGICAL
PECULIARITIES OF THE SPORADICAL LAYER ES USING HIGH FREQUENCY RADIO SOUNDING
DATA
In
this work we carry out the morphological analysis of Es-layer registration data
during oblique-incidence and weak-incidence ionospheric sounding experiment on
July, 2010. For our analysis we used data obtained over three paths in the
Russian East-Siberian region. We study Es-layer maximum frequency variations in
dependence of time. The probabilities of Es-layer registration over different
paths are calculated. Peculiarities of anomalous Ea-layer registration over
weak-incidence sounding path are considered.
GP1.26 FIRST RESULTS OF THE GROUND-BASED
MEASUREMENTS OF THE IME-HF ANALYSER
The
scientific instrument IME-HF is a high-frequency broad-band analyzer for the
future satellite mission TARANIS. The device is intended to study radiation
from transient luminous events occurring above thunderstorms. The analyzed
frequency band is from a few tens of kHz to 35 MHz. In the survey mode regular
snapshots of the waveform will be transmitted. In the event mode 120 ms of
waveform data will be recorded. We have build the first model of the analyzer
for coordinated ground-based measurements of emissions from thunderstorms. We
present the first results of these measurements.
GP1.27 SIMULTANEOUS OBSERVATIONS OF D-, E- AND
F-REGIONS OF THE IONOSPHERE DURING THE SOLAR ECLIPSE OF 22 JULY 2009 OVER SOUTH
KOREA : FIRST RESULTS
A
Solar eclipse event occurred on 22 July 2009 over South Korean Peninsula with
maximum obscuration of ~84% investigated to study mid-latitude ionosphere.
Study of solar eclipse effect on different ionospheric regions (especially
D-region) has been limited till today, although few studies concentrated on
electron density variations and GPS TEC measurements in ionosphere. Present
study aims to investigate the effect of solar eclipse on all ionospheric
regions including D-, E-, and F-regions simultaneously by conducting a campaign
in South Korea. The observations reported here therefore should shed some light
on solar eclipse induced mid-latitude ionospheric dynamics.
GP1.28 MODELLING OF RELATIVE MODE POWER
RECEIVED ON RRI EXPERIMENT ON EPOP SATELLITE MISSION
The
enhanced Polar Outflow Probe (ePOP) satellite is to be launched in 2011. The
satellite is comprised of eight scientific instruments, and one instrument, the
Radio Receiver Instrument (RRI) will be used to receive HF transmissions from
ground radio transmitters such as the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network
(SuperDARN) array. Magnetoionic polarization and propagation theory has been
used to model the relative power that SuperDARN will deliver to the Ordinary
and Extraordinary modes of propagation. The latitudinal range over which signal
will be received has also been investigated. The modelled results will be
presented and discussed.
GP1.29 REGIONAL IONOSPHERIC TEC MODELLING;
WORKING TOWARDS MAPPING AFRICA'S IONOSPHERE
The
forecasting of ionospheric variability over long term is a complicated task.
However modelling ionospheric total electron content (TEC) changes over the
short term is feasible especially during quiet conditions. In order to work
towards generating ionospheric TEC maps to represent Africa's ionosphere, we
have undertaken a feasibility study by using the South African Global
Positioning System (GPS) receiver network to construct a regional model. This
paper will present an overview of regional GPS TEC modelling over Southern
Africa and give a future direction towards continental TEC mapping.
GP1.30 A NEW PERSPECTIVE TO THE DAYTIME H'F
VARIATIONS AND ITS ROLE IN MODULATING THE MESOPAUSE ENERGETICS OVER EQUATORIAL
LATITUDES
S. G. Sumod, T. K. Pant, C. Vineeth, M. M. Hossain, Space Physics Laboratory, Trivandrum, India
This
study reports unique observations, illustrating the vertical coupling between
the daytime mesopause and F region of the ionosphere over a magnetic dip
equatorial station Trivandrum, India. For the first time, it has been shown
that the temporal variations in the mean daytime mesopause temperatures (MPT),
during geomagnetically quiet days corroborate well with that of the base height
changes (hF) of the ionosphere. However, there exist some characteristic time
delays between these two, which vary from 0 to 90 minutes. The observed time
delays are attributed to the role of chemistry/dynamics in modulating atomic
oxygen at these altitudes.
GP1.31 EXPERIMENT ON SPATIAL EFFECT OF HF
MULTIPLE SCATTERING IN THE IONOSPHERE
The
theory of multiple scattering of MF/HF radio waves by intermediate-scale (0.1-5
km) ionospheric irregularities predicts a very distinctive spatial distribution
of the relative integral intensity of a signal reflected from the ionosphere in
the vicinity of a ground-based transmitter. It is significantly reduced within
a distance of about several tens of kilometers and a growth occurs at a greater
distance. The effect of anomalous attenuation has been confirmed earlier. This
paper presents results of the first successful experimental campaign to track
the intensity features at the larger distances, conducted in 2009 near Boulder,
CO.
GP1.32 RADAR MEASUREMENT OF IONOSPHERIC
SCINTILLATION IN THE POLAR REGION
D. L. Knepp, NorthWest Research Associates, Monterey CA, United States
Simulated
radar returns that have been processed to remove those with low SNR are utilized
to compare estimators of the scintillation index that describes ionospheric
scintillation. We compare the performance of a direct estimator based on the
definition of S4 to a maximum likelihood estimator that assumes Nakagami-m
statistics. Using a variant of the latter estimator, one-way S4 is measured
from 5000 horizon-to-horizon tracks of large calibration satellites during a
two-year period after solar maximum in May 2000. The results are summarized to
quantify the exceedance, or the level of scintillation experienced at various
probabilities.
GP1.33 ADAPTIVE MODELING OF EQUATORIAL
IONIZATION ANOMALY CREST PARAMETERS BY USING MULTISTATION IONOSONDE DATA OVER
THE INDIAN REGION
The
paper explores the new technique to study the temporal and spatial variation of
Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA) by using limited number of observing
stations. The technique involved the use of Gaussian fitting over the
multi-station F2-region critical frequency data. Results suggest that EIA crest
exhibits the feature of latitudinal shifting and expansion in coverage area
with increasing solar activity. An attempt is made to derive the relationship
between EIA crest parameters and solar activity. The predicted values are
better than the IRI predictions; hence the technique can be used for the
adaptive modeling of EIA crest parameters.
GP1.34 LOW-LATITUDE STORM-TIME IONOSPHERIC
CORRECTION CONSIDERING THE DISTURBANCE ELECTRIC FIELD
S. Sun, China Research Institute of Radiowave Propatation, Qingdao, China
The
equatorial electric field plays an important role in low-latitude ionospheric
plasma distribution. In this study, we propose an empirical model for real-time
ionospheric correction during storm time, based on that the ionospheric
disturbances during the main phase are mainly caused by the zonal electric
field disturbances. The performance of the model during three intense storms is
evaluated and compared with another empirical correction model, STORM. The
results show that some sharp increase of foF2 could be captured by our model.
This indicates that the disturbance field should be included in low-latitude
storm-time ionospheric corrections.
GP1.35 ON IONOSPHERIC PRE-STORM PHENOMENA
V. U. Chukwuma, Olabisi Olabanjo University, Ago Iwoye, Nigeria, Ago Iwoye, Nigeria
A
study of the ionospheric pre-storm phenomena is presented using global
ionosonde and geophysical data obtained during November 20-21, 2003. The
results show that pre-storm phenomena dont originate from local time effect.
Also a probable role by the magnetospheric electric fields as the main drivers
of pre-storm phenomena could not be confirmed by the analysis of hmF2 from the
ionosonde stations. Furthermore, investigation of solar flare effects on the
pre-storm phenomena didnt reveal them as the main drivers. The present results
appear to suggest that pre-storm ionospheric phenomena exist but remain an
unresolved problem.
GP1.36 PLANETARY WAVE OSCILLATIONS IN THE
OCCURRENCE TIME OF EQUATORIAL SPREAD-F
V. Chandrasekharan Nair, L. Jose, T. K. Pant, Space Physics Laboratory, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
This
paper presents the role of planetary waves in modulating the occurrence time of
Equatorial Spread F (ESF). The investigation has been carried out using the
digital Ionosonde and Proton Precession Magnetometer from Trivandrum, India
(8.5o E; 77o N; 0.5o N dip lat.). The analysis shows that start-time of the ESF
during the winter months is modulated significantly by a planetary wave of
quasi-16-day periodicity. It is suggested that such waves are propagated to
ionospheric altitudes from lower atmosphere through modified electrodynamics
since the equatorial electrojet and pre-reversal enhancement were also showed
same oscillation.
GP1.37 OBSERVATION OF MEDIUM SCALE TRAVELING
IONOSPHERIC DISTURBANCES (MSTIDS) IN THE LOW LATITUDES BRAZILIAN SECTOR USING
IONOSONDE DATA IN COMPARISON WITH OPTICAL MEASUREMENTS
MSTIDs
are observed in the low latitudes Brazilian sector using ionograms obtained by
a digisonde DGS256 and all-sky images of OI 630 nm emission. Both instruments
are installed at Cachoeira Paulista (22.7S, 45 W, 13S MLAT). Ionograms show
occurrence of spread-F and sharp risings of the ionospheric F-layer at the same
time as dark band structures propagating northwestward are seen in the images.
Here, we show a study based on ionogram analysis in order to investigate
occurrences of MSTIDs during solar maximum, since they are not observed on
all-sky images during such period.
GP1.38 THE INSTANTANEOUS IONOSPHERE PEAK
HEIGHT SHIFT VERSUS RELATIVE CHANGES OF THE CRITICAL FREQUENCY
T. L. Gulyaeva, L. V. Poustovalova, IZMIRAN, Troitsk, Russian Federation
Opposite
changes of the F2 layer peak height hmF2 and density (critical frequency foF2)
are inferred from the data of topside and bottomside vertical sounding of the
ionosphere. An analytical model of relative changes of log(hm/hq) versus
log(fo/fq) is developed in terms of magnetic latitude, season (day-of-year) and
solar activity. Using available data and forecasts of foF2 and quiet background
median fqF2 and hqF2, the instantaneous hmF2 is calculated online at
(http://www.izmiran.ru/services/iweather) for missed ionosonde observations at
selected ionosonde sites and their counterparts at magnetic conjugate
hemisphere.
GP1.39 EQUATORIAL SPREAD F ECHO AND
IRREGULARITY GROWTH PROCESSES FROM CONJUGATE POINT DIGITAL IONOGRAMS
Spread
F irregularity signatures in the form of range spreading F layer traces are
examined in Digisonde ionograms from dip equatorial and conjugate sites in
Brazil, to determine the dominant process/mechanism of echo returns from the
irregularity structures. A significant component of the ESF echo structures is
found to be consistent with them originating from coherent back-scattering at
field line perpendicular directions. The spread range of the echoes is found to
increase linearly with the top frequency of the echo trace. Further, the
irregularity strength is asymmetric at conjugate sites.
GP1.40 THE TECHNIQUE OF CALCULATION OF
ELECTRON DENSITY PROFILE FROM INITIAL DISTRIBUTION USING VERTICAL SOUNDING
IONOGRAMS
The
technique of vertical sounding ionogram processing is presented. Our approach
is based on modifying initial electron density profile. Initial profile can be
obtained from IRI model prediction or from the previous sounding of ionosphere.
The method of profile fitting to the ionogram does not require echo traces
extraction. The results of practical application of the technique are
presented. Technique is applied to processing of nighttime ionograms, as well
as to processing of an apparent F1 layer phenomenon.
GP1.41 PLASMA BLOB OBSERVED BY GROUND-BASED
RADIO AND OPTICAL TECHNIQUES IN THE F-REGION A CASE STUDY ON 27-28 AUGUST 1987
An
interesting case of plasma blob event was observed on August 27-28, 1987 over
Cachoeira Paulista (22.7S, 45.0W) showing localized plasma density enhanced by
a factor of ~2 above the background level. The F-region parameters were
obtained from a Digisonde 256. On this night, geomagnetic activity was moderately
disturbed (Dst >-70 nT). Complementary data was obtained from an all-sky
imager operating at the same site, which were used to map the spatial extension
and temporal location of plasma blob. It showed, east-west extensions of
320-350km and north-south of 360-380km.
GP1.42 DETERMINING RECEIVER BIASES IN
GPS-DERIVED TOTAL ELECTRON CONTENT IN THE AURORAL OVAL AND POLAR CAP REGION
USING IONOSONDE MEASUREMENTS
Global
Positioning System (GPS) total electron content (TEC) measurements, although
highly precise, are often rendered inaccurate due to satellite and receiver
differential code biases (DCBs). Calculated satellite DCB values are now
available from a variety of sources, but receiver DCBs generally remain an
undertaking of receiver operators and processing centers. A procedure for
removing these receiver DCBs from GPS-derived ionospheric TEC at high
latitudes, using Canadian Advanced Digital Ionosonde (CADI) measurements, is
presented.
GP1.43 DDA DRIFT VELOCITY ESTIMATION -
ANALYSIS OF LOW-QUALITY DATA
Estimation
of the plasma drift velocity measured by Digisonde depends on the number of
reflection points detected during measurement and their distribution. In the
paper we analyse plasma drift measurements according to the detected number of
reflection points. We select extreme group of measurements with less then 100
reflection points from data measured in the year 2006 (period of low solar
activity) at the Pruhonice station. Within the analysed data group we detect
annular and diurnal variability. Measurements containing low number of
reflections occur due to absence of oblique reflection points mainly in case of
well stratified non-disturbed ionosphere.
GP1.44 A NEW 3D DISPLAY FORMAT RELATING
AZIMUTH-SCANNING RADAR DATA AND ALL-SKY IMAGES
We
combine allsky images of 630nm airglow with radar electron densities in
F-region above Arecibo. The electron densities obtained from the two
azimuth-scanning beams of Arecibo ISR are plotted in cone-shaped 3D
visualizations along with horizontal projections of 630nm airglow images.
Displays of data in this new format from a night with ionospheric plasma
irregularities demonstrate the improved perspective of the new format in
revealing the 3D structure and evolution of the ionospheric features over that
provided by separate 2D plots in latitude and longitude for the airglow and in
height and time for the electron densities.
GP1.45 A COMPRESSED SENSING APPROACH TO
OBSERVING DISTRIBUTED RADAR TARGETS
R. Volz, S. Close, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
Compressed
sensing, a method which relies on sparsity to reconstruct signals with relatively
few measurements, has the potential to greatly improve observation of
distributed radar targets. We extend the theoretical work of others by
investigating the practical problems of implementing this approach for
distributed targets, first examining a discrete linear radar model suitable for
compressed sensing and then discussing an example of this technique used on
existing data. Potential benefits include higher possible range resolution,
complete filtering of noise without sidelobes or artifacts, and the ability to
identify different Doppler shifts within the same range window of a single
pulse.
GP1.46 IMPROVING THE SPATIAL RESOLUTION BY
EFFECTIVE SUBTRACTION TECHNIQUE AT IRKUTSK INCOHERENT SCATTER RADAR: THE THEORY
AND EXPERIMENT.
We
describe a sounding technique that allows us to improve spatial resolution of
Irkutsk Incoherent Scatter Radar without loosing spectral resolution. The
technique is based on transmitting of rectangle pulses of different duration in
various sounding runs and subtracting correlation matrixes. Theoretically and
experimentally we have shown, that subtraction of the mean-square parameters of
the scattered signal for different kinds of the sounding signal one from
another allows us to solve the problem within the framework of quasi-static
ionospheric parameters approximation.
GP1.47 THE JICAMARCA ACQUISITION RADAR SYSTEM
AND ITS FIRST APPLICATIONS TO THE STUDY OF THE EQUATORIAL IONOSPHERE
The
engineers at the Jicamarca Radio Observatory (JRO) have recently developed a
new acquisition system based on digital receivers. JARS, which stands for
Jicamarca Acquisition Radar System, is an eight-channel reception system that
can collect data at a rate of 1 MHz per channel. In this paper, we describe the
hardware and software developed for the system and also some of its first
applications. JARS is currently being used in imaging experiments at the
observatory and it is expected to be used in meteors and ISR experiments in the
next months.
GP1.48 DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTERIZED IONOSPHERIC
TOMOGRAPHY TECHNIQUE AND ITS APPLICATION TO STUDY THE EQUATORIAL IONIZATION
ANOMALY OVER THE INDIAN REGION
The
paper explores the development and validation of latest ionospheric monitoring
technique known as computer added ionospheric tomography (CAIT) for its
application in understanding the dynamics of ionosphere. The Total Electron
Content (TEC) is derived from the differential Doppler method. The estimated
TEC is than further used to generate the 2-dimensional (2D) tomographic image
with the help of the conventional Algebraic Reconstruction Technique. The
results show that the technique can be successfully utilized to study the 2D
structure of electron density and Equatorial Ionization Anomaly which is one of
the most crucial phenomenons of equatorial and low-latitude region.
GP1.49 A REGIONAL IONOSPHERIC MODEL FOR
FORECASTING THE CRITICAL FREQUENCY OF THE F2 LAYER DURING DISTURBED GEOMAGNETIC
AND IONOSPHERIC CONDITIONS
M. Pietrella, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy
A
ionospheric forecasting empirical regional model (IFERM) to predict the state
of the critical frequency of the F2 layer (foF2) over Europe during geomagnetic
storms and disturbed ionospheric conditions, is under development. The IFERM
model is based on 13 local forecasting models developed to predict foF2 at 13
ionospheric observatories scattered in the European area. Hourly measurements
of foF2, hourly quiet-time reference values of foF2 (foF2QT), and the time
weighted accumulation hourly series derived from the geomagnetic planetary
index ap, ap(τ), were considered for each observatory to develop the
forecasting procedures.
GP1.50 REGIONAL AND LOCAL IONOSPHERIC MODELS
AS INPUT DATA SOURCE FOR A REAL-TIME 3-D IRI MODELING
This
paper describes how the joint utilization of autoscaled data for F2 peak
critical frequency foF2 and propagation factor M(3000)F2, coming from two
reference ionospheric stations (Rome and Gibilmanna), the regional (SIRMUP) and
global (IRI) ionospheric models, can provide a valid tool for obtaining a
real-time three-dimensional (3-D) electron density mapping of the ionosphere.
GP1.51 PERFORMANCE OF THE IRI-2007 MODEL FOR TOPSIDE ION DENSITY AND COMPOSITION PROFILES DURING THE 23/24 SOLAR MINIMUM
J. H. Klenzing1, F. A. Simoes1, S. Ivanov2, R. F. Pfaff1, D. E. Rowland1, D. Bilitza1, R. A. Heelis3; 1NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, MD, United States; 2Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States; 3The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
The
International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) is the standard empirical model for
calculating ionospheric parameters such as density, composition, and
temperature. The recent solar minimum between cycles 23 and 24 was unusually
extended and deep, resulting in a contracted ionosphere. The ion density and
composition estimates from the Communication/Navigation Outage Forecast System
(C/NOFS) satellite are used to evaluate the performance of the IRI-2007 model
between 400 and 850 km altitude near the magnetic dip equator. The current
model is shown to typically overestimate the expected total density and
underestimate the density of H+.
GP1.52 GLOBAL TEC MAPS AND THE BEST VERSION OF
THE EMPIRICAL N (H)-MODEL
Comparison
of the values of TEC calculated using the 6 versions of the empirical models of
the ionosphere IRI and NeQuick with the experimental data shows that there is
no single version providing a good agreement with experimental data at any
point on the globe. That is why, there is no single version of the empirical N
(h)-model although some advantages has the model of T. Gulyaeva. To determine
the best version of the model for a given area it is proposed to use the global
maps of TEC.
GP1.53 THERMOSPHERE MONITORING BASED ON ROUTINE
IONOSPHERIC OBSERVATIONS: METHOD AND VALIDATION PLAN
The
main part of the Earths atmosphere presented by neutral species is still terra
incognita. Direct observations of thermospheric neutral composition,
temperature and winds are complicated and expensive. Therefore one hardly may
hope to have any thermosphere monitoring system in the nearest future, on the
other hand there is a necessity in such system. The use of world-wide routine
ionospheric observations at F2-region heights to retrieve thermospheric
parameters may be considered as a solution. In the case of a successful
solution of the problem it will be possible to organize a thermosphere
monitoring over Europe in DIAS infrastructure.
GP1.54 REAL TIME 3D IONOSPHERIC MODELLING WITH
RAY TRACING APPLICATION OVER MEDITERRANEAN AREA
C. Scotto, A. Settimi, C. Bianchi, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Roma, Italy
This
paper reviews the concept and some practical examples of instantaneous 3D
modelling of regional ionosphere, based on ionosonde data from the INGV continuously
operating stations at Roma and Gibilmanna. The 3D model was built considering
characteristic anchor points for each of the different ionospheric regions and
joining these points by an adaptive ionospheric profiler derived from the one
used in Autoscala. The model produces as an output a 3D matrix which can be
profitably used as an input for a Matlab/Fortran based ray tracing program
recently developed at INGV.
GP1.56 DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF NEURAL
NETWORK BASED IONOSPHERIC TOMOGRAPHY
In
order to investigate the dynamics of ionospheric phenomena, perform the 3-D
ionospheric tomography is effective. However, it is the ill-posed inverse
problem and reconstruction is difficult because of the small number of data.
The Residual Minimization Training Neural Network (RMTNN) tomographic approach
proposed by Ma et al. (2005) has an advantage in reconstruction with sparse
data. They have demonstrated few results in quiet conditions of ionosphere in
Japan. Therefore, we validate the performance of reconstruction in the case of
disturbed period and quite sparse data by the simulation and/or real data in
this paper.
GP1.57 THE FREQUENCY PROPERTIES OF THE
QUASIPERIODIC VARIATIONS OF MIDLATITUDE ES LAYER TRACES AMPLITUDE
Long-term
observation of Es-layer performed using Kazan ionosonde with 1 minute period of
ionogram registration. Deep quasiperiodic variations at certain frequency range
in Es-traces amplitude were observed. New form of data presentation is
introduced, which allows to display the critical frequencies and the fine
structure of ionospheric layers. Interference beatings appear at 4MHz in the
afternoon and at 2MHz at night, and have extent in the frequency range of
0,5-2,5MHz. With increasing sounding frequency the distance between minima
increase from 40 to 700 kHz. Es-layer occurrence depending on structural
features are determined.
GP1.58 THE HEIGHT PROPERTIES OF THE
QUASIPERIODIC VARIATIONS OF MIDLATITUDE ES LAYER TRACES AMPLITUDE
The
analysis of height variations in beatings range in the presence of the cusp of
x-trace of Es-layer is performed. The beats begin at merge of x-trace cusp with
flat part of o-trace of Es. Initial beating frequency is shifted to the fH/2
from foE. These facts indicate that the beatings are caused of the interference
of o-and x-modes and we deal with a polarization interferometer with a height
sensitivity of 200m. To measure the variation of background concentration below
the Es-layer an approximation of the distances between minima is carried out.
GP1.59 WEDDELL SEA ANOMALY: INVESTIGATION
USING THE GLOBAL NUMERICAL MODEL
The
Weddell Sea Anomaly morphology and the mechanism of its formation were
investigated using the global numerical Upper Atmosphere Model (UAM) and the
empirical model of the ionosphere IRI-2001. The numerical experiments have
showed that the anomalous, inverted diurnal F2-layer electron density
variations are caused by the non-coincidence of the geomagnetic and geodetic
axes. This non-coincidence produces the difference in vertical velocities of
the ion transfer by the thermospheric wind action at western and eastern
longitudinal sectors.
GP1.60 THE STORM TIME IONOSPHERE DYNAMICS AT
LOW SOLAR ACTIVITY PERIOD
At
the boundary of the 23rd and 24th solar cycles the geomagnetic disturbances
occurred on October 11, 2008, July 22, 2009, May 2 and 29, 2010 caused the most
appreciable ionosphere reaction. The peculiarities of spatial-temporal
ionospheric response over the Europe are investigated. The results of
multi-instrumental radiophysical observations were used for analysis. Each of
considered geomagnetic disturbances with the similar magnitude caused the
ionospheric response with different duration, amplitude, sign, and spatial
character. It was observed positive, two-phase and negative ionospheric storms.
The mechanisms of positive ionospheric storms caused by the moderate
geomagnetic disturbances were considered.
GP1.61 COMPARISON OF ELECTRON DENSITY PROFILES
EXTRACTED FROM DIAS MAPS AND IONOSONDE MEASUREMENTS AT NICOSIA DURING LOW SOLAR
ACTIVITY
H. C. Haralambous, Frederick University, Nicosia, Cyprus
This
paper presents a comparison of electron density profiles derived from digital
ionosonde measurements at the low-middle latitude European station in Nicosia,
Cyprus (coordinates: 35oN, 33oE geographic) and the DIAS system at various
heights (100-450 km). DIAS (European Digital Upper Atmosphere Server) is a
service based on a pan-European digital data collection on the state of the
upper atmosphere, which offers real-time information and historical data
collections provided by ionospheric stations in Europe. The hourly profiles
used in this study were obtained using manually scaled data during the solar
minimum period from January to December 2009.
GP1.62 IONOSPHERIC TEC MODEL DERIVED FROM GPS
DATA
The
ionosphere is a naturally occurring plasma, divided into D, E and F layers,
exhibits a continuous variable depending on location and time. This variability
in the ionosphere stands out regular and irregular forms depending on the solar
activity, geographical location, season, also changes the time of day. There
are ionospheric modeling approaches caused by the complex nature of ionosphere.
In this study, the resulting changes in the sun and the effects of earthquakes
to TEC changing are investigated with the GPS signals for the modelling of the
utilizing GPS signals.
Session Chair: Yoshiharu Omura
Session HP1
Type Poster Presentation
Schedule Tuesday, August 16, 16:00-19:00
Room Poster Area
HP1.1 PLASMON: DATA ASSIMILATION OF THE
EARTH'S PLASMASPHERE
The
principal source and loss mechanisms in the Earth's radiation belts are not
completely understood. The dominant loss process is relativistic electron
precipitation via resonant interactions with a variety of wave modes. Current
models provide an inadequate representation of the plasmasphere. Ground based
measurements, based on the analysis of VLF whistlers and Field Line Resonances,
are able to describe large sections of the plasmasphere. These measurements
provide electron number and plasma mass densities. PLASMON is a FP7 project
which intends to assimilate near real time measurements of plasmaspheric
densities into a dynamic plasmasphere model.
HP1.2 VERTICAL IONOSPHERE SOUNDING USING CONTINUOUS
SIGNALS WITH LINEAR FREQUENCY MODULATION
Consideration
of the digital chirp sounder design for the modern systems of a geophysical
monitoring, communication channels state forecasting and the research problems
solution is given. Given the comparative results of pulsed and of continuous
signal vertical sounding ionosondes.
HP1.3 FREQUENCY AND AMPLITUDE ANALYSIS OF
CHORUS EMISSIONS OBSERVED BY GEOTAIL
We
try to find the observational evidence of the nonlinear evolution of chorus
emissions, by examining their wave form data observed by the GEOTAIL
spacecraft. Especially we investigate the relationship between the frequency
shift and the amplitude variation of each chorus element. We evaluate
statistically the correlation between their frequency sweep rates, frequencies
and amplitudes. As a result, a positive correlation is found, which is
consistent with the nonlinear growth feature of the chorus emissions obtained
in simulation and theory.
HP1.4 A NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF THE TIME
EVOLUTION OF PLASMA WAKE STRUCTURE AROUND A SIMPLIFIED 2D CUBE SATELLITE MODEL
R. Mitharwal, R. Baktur, C. Swenson, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States
A
two-dimensional numerical model was developed to study the time evolution of
wake structure around a cube satellite moving in a plasma with transonic speed.
The cube satellite was simplified to be a 2D metal cylinder with a square cross
section. An electric potential is then applied to the metal cylinder. The
numerical scheme was compared to the analytical solution for a 1D problem
before being applied to the 2D model. The study provided an initial understanding
of plasma behavior around the 2D cube satellite model when it is in its orbit.
HP1.5 ESTIMATION OF SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF
LOWER IONOSPHERE WITH TWO-DIMENSIONAL FDTD SIMULATIONS
T. Miyake, T. Kurokawa, T. Okada, K. Ishisaka, Toyama Prefectural University, Toyama, Japan
We
performed a series of FDTD simulations with different types of electron density
profiles in the lower ionophere, and then confirmed characteristics of MF wave
propagations in the lower ionosphere. In this study, we are going to try to
estimate spatial structure in the lower ionosphere by analyzing altitude
profiles of magnetic field intensities of waves with various frequencies.
Simulation results indicate that spatial structure in the lower ionosphere can
be estimated by analyzing altitude profiles of different waves emitted from
different wave sources with various frequencies.
HP1.6 SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT OF EWO-WFC/OFA
ABOARD BEPICOLOMBO MMO SPACECRAFT
On
the mission of BepiColombo Mercury Magnetopheric Orbiter (MMO), we aim to
investigate the properties of electromagnetic field and plasma wave phenomena
at Mercury’s magnetosphere and the interplanetary region around Mercury. For
the subject we are developing software of EWO-OFA/WFC that is a component of
PWI. The developing environment is placed at a laboratory of Kanazawa
University, and the software is under developing. In our presentation, we will
report the detail of the software and the status of development.
HP1.7 INTERPRETATION OF ION VELOCITY
DISTRIBUTIONS MEASURED WITH A RETARDING FIELD ENERGY ANALYZER (RFEA) IN A
INDUCTIVELY COUPLED HELICON PLASMA
N. Gulbrandsen, W. J. Miloch, A. Fredriksen, University of Tromso, Tromso, Norway
A
Retarding Field Energy Analyzer (RFEA) with a grounded surface in a plasma will
be surrounded by a sheath that distorts the ion distribution function (IDF)
measured at the probe relative to the IDF in the plasma. We investigate this by
comparing two simple 1D models to a 3D PIC simulation of an RFEA in a plasma
with parameters similar to the Njord helicon device. In addition we have shown
that the opening angle of the probe has an significant effect on the low energy
part of the measured IDF.
HP1.8 MODE CONVERSION IN A
RANDOMLY-STRATIFIED UNMAGNETIZED PLASMA
In
real space plasmas, there exist random spatial variations of the plasma density
as well as regular variations. The random density profile can affect the
behaviors of resonance and wave propagation. In this paper, we investigate how
the mode conversion from electromagnetic waves into electrostatic modes in a
stratified unmagnetized plasma is affected by random density variations
superimposed to the linear profile near the resonance. We obtain a surprising
result that mode conversion is substantially enhanced in the presence of weak
randomness. We interpret this result in terms of the enhancement of tunneling
due to weak randomness.
HP1.9 ON WHISTLER-MODE WAVE SCATTERING ON
SMALL SCALE DENSITY IRREGULARITIES
I. Kuzichev, Space Research Institute of RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
This
work concerns the problem of whistler exit to the ground. After propagation in
the magnetosphere, whistler waves become quasi-electrostatic and should
experience lower hybrid resonance reflection. To explain wave exit to the
ground, we follow up the idea of wave scattering on small scale irregularities
in the upper ionosphere. Interaction with this irregularities excites harmonics
inside the penetration cone. Using Green function method, we derive an integral
equation for the wave field containing all modes possible for given frequency,
solve this equation in Born approximation, and obtain an expression for energy
attenuation due to scattering.
HP1.10 WHISTLER TURBULENCE IN HIGH BETA
PLASMA: PARTICLE-IN-CELL SIMULATION
Two-dimensional
particle-in-cell simulation of whistler turbulence in high beta as observed in
the solar wind at 1AU is carried out in a collisionless, homogeneous,
magnetized plasma. Our simulation results show that the wavenumber anisotropy
and the power-law index in high beta plasma are more isotropic and steeper than
those in lower beta plasmas. Electron Landau and cyclotron damping become more
effective at higher beta plasmas, so this simulation, that corresponds to solar
wind conditions at 1 AU, suggests that electron kinetic effects are important
in determining the properties of whistler turbulence in the high beta regime.
HP1.11 TURBULENCE IN THE SOLAR WIND: 3D
MEASUREMENTS OF WAVENUMBER SPECTRA USING THE K-FILTERING TECHNIQUE
Magnetic
turbulence has been studied for many years in the solar wind. Most of the
observational work has been focused on the large scale (MHD range) assuming the
Taylor frozen-in condition. Recently some multi spacecraft studies have permit
to increase our knowledge concerning turbulence in the solar wind via the
k-filtering technique applied to Cluster data. Here we will show results of
application of the k-filtering technique to MHD simulations data in the
inertial range.
HP1.12 REVISITING ION ACOUSTIC SOLITARY WAVES
IN MAGNETIZED AND UNMAGNETIZED PLASMAS
S. S. Ghosh, Indian Institute of Geomagnetism, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Ion
acoustic solitary waves in plasmas have been studied extensively by many
authors. They are found to be relevant for interpreting large amplitude
solitary structures at the auroral region associated with ion beams. Detail
investigations of ion acoustic solitary waves using Sagdeev pseudopotential
techniques revealed many interesting features, like compressive ion acoustic
double layers, and coexistence of both positive and negative amplitude waves
for a single plasma state. The present work intends to have a comparative
overview of different features of ion acoustic solitary waves using some
selected plasma models.
HP1.13 SOLITARY POTENTIAL STRUCTURES IN
PRESENCE OF NON-THERMAL ELECTRONS
Arbitrary
amplitude electron-acoustic solitary waves are studied in an unmagnetized
plasma consisting of non-thermally distributed electrons, fluid cold electrons,
electron beam and ions using the Sagdeev psuedo-potential method. Positive
potential solitary structures are obtained for the typical auroral region parameters.
The electric field amplitude amplitude of these potential structures ranges
from few mV/m to 200 mV/m.
HP1.14 EVIDENCE OF ION FORESHOCK IN 2-D PIC
SIMULATIONS OF A CURVED COLLISIONLESS SHOCK: STATISTICAL AND INDIVIDUAL
TRAJECTORY APPROACH
2-D
full particle simulations are used to investigate the so-called foreshock
region which is filled with energized backstreaming particles. Two populations
are observed for 90 ≥ QBn ≥ 45: (i) field-aligned ion beams
collimated along the IMF and having a gyrotropic distribution and (ii)
gyro-phase bunch ions having a global gyration around the magnetic field. Our
analysis evidences that these two populations are reflected by the shock itself
and can have different origins both in term of interaction time, drift along
the shock front and distance of penetration ("leaked" ions are
observed).
HP1.15 DIFFERENT BOUNDARY LAYERS AT THE HIGH
LATITUDE MAGNETOSPHERE BEHIND THE CUSP
During
southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), the electron and ion boundary
are separated near the dayside boundary layer. Here we show observations at the
high latitude magnetosphere tailward of the cusp during northward IMF. We find
that the ion edge is observed firstly and then the electron edge is found by
Cluster. Detailed analysis indicates that this is caused by the reconnection at
the high latitude. The relationship between the observations and the aurora
data is also discussed. A global simulation shows that these observations in
different regions might be closely related to each other.
HP1.16 QUASI-PERPENDICULAR SHOCKS NON
STATIONARITY AND MICRO-TURBULENCE
A
very important issue of a high Mach number quasi-perpendicular shock is its
nonstationary character. Results based on CLUSTER data have evidenced that the
ramp width is variable in time and can reach a very narrow value covering a few
electron inertial lengths only, that is a dispersive whistler scale. While less
prominent than for low beta subcritical shocks, whistler waves precursor
associated to dispersion at the shock front can also be present in
supercritical regime. The properties of such whistler wave packets are
presented from a multi-spacecraft analysis.
HP1.17 THE MAGNETOTAIL CURRENT SHEET MOVEMENT
DETECTED BY CLUSTER
W. Sun, Q. Shi, T. Xiao, Shandong university at Weihai, Weihai, China
Using
Cluster four spacecraft data, we have made a statistical research on the motion
properties of the magnetotail current sheets of the year 2004 and 2005 with
various methods. We find that most of the current sheets are propagating from
the midnight tail region to dawn and dusk flanks which is consistent with previous
studies. Most of the current sheets are propagating with the velocities smaller
than 100 km/s, and the exceptions account for 6.5 % of all events. We have also
found that Enter/Retreat current sheets more favorably occur during the
southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF).
HP1.18 CLUSTER OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETIC HOLES
NEAR THE INTERPLANETARY CURRENT SHEETS AT 1 AU
T. Xiao, Q. Shi, W. Sun, Shandong University at Weihai, Weihai, China
Linear
Magnetic holes (LMHs) are magnetic field decreasing structures with little
change in the field direction. Xiao et al. have studied the geometrical shape
and occurrence rate of LMHs in the solar wind at 1 AU by using the magnetic
field and plasma data provided by Cluster C1 [1]. In this work, we will
investigate LMHs near the region of interplanetary current sheet. It is found
that about 60% of LMHs accompanied with the small scale current sheets within
10min. This result may help us to study the formation mechanism of the LMHs in
the solar wind.
HP1.19 WAVE ACTIVITY IN THE FOOT REGION OF A
QUASI-PERPENDICULAR SHOCK: 3-D PIC SIMULATION RESULTS
We
have carried out a 3-D full particle simulation of a quasi-perpendicular shock.
The full mass ratio M/m=1840 was taken for this simulation, and almost one ion
inertia length square was set for the plane perpendicular to the upstream flow.
Complicated wave activity is found in the shock transition region, and
comparing with lower dimensional simulations with the same parameters, strong
electromagnetic wave activity is found at the most frontier of the shock foot
only in the 3-D result. We will discuss the observed 3-D nature of wave
activity in the shock transition region.
HP1.20 FULL PARTICLE-IN-CELL SIMULATION STUDY
ON THE SOLAR WIND INTERACTION WITH SMALL-SCALE DIPOLE MAGNETIC FIELD
H. Usui, T. Moritaka, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
We
have been investigating the solar wind interaction with a small-scale dipole
magnetic field structure less than the ion inertial length by performing full
particle-in-cell electromagnetic simulation. We particularly focus on the
current layer induced at the boundary of the dipole field. In the current case,
electron interaction with the local magnetic field becomes important. The unmagnetized
ions are indirectly influenced by the dipole field due to the electrostatic
force cause by the difference from the electron dynamics. We examine the
formation of a small-scale magnetosphere and the current layer by considering
the IMF effect.
HP1.21 ONE-DIMENSIONAL PARTICLE-IN-CELL
SIMULATION OF ELECTRON BEAM PLASMA INTERACTION
The
theory of the two-stream instability is used to validate the initial phase of a
developing code which ultimately aims to simulate the generation of VLF chorus.
A one dimensional Particle-in-Cell simulation shows that waves are generated
when a warm electron beam is injected into a cold background plasma with
components of the electric field being excited. After a few time steps the
phase space reveals a distortion of the beam and the creation of potential
holes, causing electrons to oscillate.
HP1.22 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF OUTER ELECTRON
RADIATION BELT DROPOUTS: GEOSYNCHRONOUS AND LOW EARTH ORBIT RESPONSES DURING
SOLAR WIND STREAM INTERFACES
The
OMNI-2 data set enables correlative study of Stream Interface events during the
period 2005-2008. A superposed epoch analysis of these events is performed to
determine the solar wind conditions and geomagnetic parameters. Preparatory
work shows that events occur during -Bz(nT), with median Kp reaching 4+ at
arrival. This is consistent with conditions necessary for loss through
magnetopause and precipitation via wave-particle interactions. Based on energy,
time and L, statistical analysis of electron flux data from GEO and LEO
satellites are used to examine dropouts and the associated energetic electron
precipitation.
HP1.23 CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN WHISTLER MODE
DUCTS AND CHORUS EMISSIONS OBSERVED ON THE CLUSTER SPACECRAFT
Chorus
emissions are intense naturally occurring plasma waves generated outside the
plasmapause near the magnetic equatorial plane. Chorus often appears in two
frequency bands, with an upper band above f_ce/2 and a lower band below, where
f_ce denotes equatorial gyrofrequency. Bell (2009) proposed that the source
region for this configuration, known as banded chorus, consists of whistler
mode ducts of depleted electron density for upper band chorus and ducts of
either enhanced or depleted density for lower band chorus. This paper provides
support for the correspondence between ducts and banded chorus through analysis
of chorus observed on Cluster spacecraft.
HP1.24 THE THEORY AND NUMERICAL MODELLING OF
FALLING FREQUENCY VLF EMISSIONS IN THE MAGNETOSPHERE
Previous
numerical simulations of triggered VLF emissions and VLF chorus have triggered
risers but only the Vlasov code of Nunn has simulated fallers. These are rather
unstable and difficult to produce. Risers are generated downstream from the
equator in the negative inhomogeneity region, while fallers are the opposite.
The VHS code is run with a phase box confined to the upstream region, since non
linear unducting/wave spreading plus Landau damping will attenuate the
wavefield before it reaches the negative inhomogeneity region, thus preventing
the formation of risers/hooks. The code then reliably produces fallers which
are analysed in detail.
HP1.25 TESTING OF THE BACKWARD WAVE
OSCILLATOR MODEL BY SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS OF VLF CHORUS ELEMENTS
A
generation mechanism for chorus was suggested by Trakhtengerts on the basis of
the backward wave oscillator (BWO) regime of magnetospheric cyclotron maser.
According to this model, step-like deformation on the electron distribution
function is the most important factor of chorus generation, but such a feature
is very difficult to observe. By measuring the frequency sweep rates in chorus
elements detected by the Cluster spacecraft we determine the mean values and
distributions of a dimensionless parameter characterizing the step feature.
These values are in agreement with the results of numerical simulations of
chorus elements based on the BWO model.
HP1.26 SATELLITE AND GROUND-BASED
OBSERVATIONS OF A LARGE-SCALE ELECTRON PRECIPITATION EVENT.
Energetic
electron precipitation into the atmosphere is determined using subionospheric
VLF measurements, DEMETER satellite electron spectra, and modelling techniques
for a 24-hour period during the January 2005 geomagnetic storms. Large-scale
observations using VLF measurements of multiple subionospheric paths to
Sodankyl, Finland, are combined with detailed in situ measurements from the
DEMETER satellite to determine the spatial extent, flux, and energy
distribution of the precipitation. By providing a better picture of both the
intensity and size of the precipitation region, we obtain a more complete
picture of the net impact that such an event has on the atmosphere.
HP1.27 ON STATISTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF
CHARACTERISTICS OF CHORUS ELEMENT GENERATION
A
generation mechanism for VLF chorus was suggested by V. Yu. Trakhtengerts on
the basis of the backward wave oscillator regime. We discuss a statistical
distribution of the dimensionless parameter q, quantifying an excess of the
electron flux over the absolute-instability threshold. By discrete numerical
simulation we demonstrate that if the noised on-off intermittency regime
generation is realized, then the observed q values deduced from chorus elements
should be extreme ones, but the average value over the entire event can be much
smaller. We stress an importance of taking the noise-induced type of chorus
generation into account.
HP1.28 CHORUS PROBABILITY AND WAVE POWER
DISTRIBUTIONS AS OBSERVED BY THE POLAR PLASMA WAVE INSTRUMENT
In
this study we employ a database of chorus observations from the Plasma Wave
Instrument Sweep Frequency Receiver onboard the Polar spacecraft, which are
used to generate probability statistics, and approximate typical magnetic wave
power as a function of space and geomagnetic activity. Previous studies
concerning chorus wave power statistics have focused on a band-integrated and
time-averaged data product which is typically used as the fundamental chorus
input to radiation belt models. Here we estimate this quantity by which mean
magnetic wave power and occurrence probability are incorporated to determine
what we call "composite" wave power.
HP1.29 PARTICLE SIMULATION OF RISING TONE
EMISSIONS TRIGGERED BY WAVES WITH DIFFERENT AMPLITUDES
Self-consistent
particle simulations are performed for analysis of whistler mode triggered
emissions in the Earths inner magnetosphere. With different triggering wave
amplitudes greater than the threshold for the nonlinear wave growth, triggered
emissions are successfully excited. The amplitudes and the frequency sweep
rates of the triggered emissions are almost same. Additionally, the triggering
wave amplitudes satisfy an optimum amplitude condition for which rising
triggered emissions can attain the maximum nonlinear wave growth. We also found
that the density ratio of the energetic electrons to the background cold
electrons contributes to the frequency sweep rate of triggered emissions
significantly.
HP1.30 PITCH ANGLE SCATTERING BY
ELECTROMAGNETIC ION CYCLOTRON TRIGGERED EMISSIONS IN THE INNER MAGNETOSPHERE:
HYBRID SIMULATIONS
To
reproduce EMIC triggered emissions, we develop a 1D hybrid code with a
cylindrical geometry of the background dipole magnetic field in the equatorial
region of the inner magnetosphere. We reproduce rising tone emissions in the
simulation space, finding a good agreement with the nonlinear wave growth
theory. In the energetic proton velocity distribution we find formation of a
proton hole, which is assumed in the nonlinear wave growth theory. A
substantial amount of the energetic protons are scattered into the loss cone,
while some of the resonant protons are accelerated to higher pitch angles,
forming a pancake velocity distribution.
Session Chairs: Subra Ananthakrishnan, Justin Jonas
Session JP1
Type Poster Presentation
Schedule Tuesday, August 16, 16:00-19:00
Room Poster Area
JP1.1 PROCESSING LOFAR TELESCOPE DATA IN
REAL TIME ON A BLUE GENE/P SUPERCOMPUTER
This
paper gives an overview of the LOFAR correlator. Unlike traditional telescopes,
the correlator is implemented in software, yielding a very flexible and
reconfigurable instrument. The term "correlator" understates its
capabilities: it filters, corrects, coherently or incoherently beam forms,
dedisperses, and transforms the data as well. It supports several observation
modes, even simultaneously. The high data rates and processing requirements
compel the use of a supercomputer; we use a Blue Gene/P. The software is highly
optimized and achieves extremely good computational performance and bandwidths,
increasing the performance of the entire LOFAR telescope.
JP1.2 DESIGN OF A 96 ELEMENT FX CORRELATOR
FOR THE LOFAR-UK STATION
G. Foster, K. Zarb Adami, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
Design
for a 96 dual polarization FX correlator is under development for the LOFAR-UK
station at the Chilbolton Observatory in the United Kingdom. This instrument
will compute the auto and cross correlations of all 192 signal paths over 25
MHz of the LOFAR HBA band. The correlation products will form the basis of
imaging the full sky overhead the LOFAR station on timescales of ~100 ms in a
search for fast radio transients. Using FPGA based boards developed in the
radio astronomy community we can significantly speed up the development time of
this instrument.
JP1.3 ADVANCED MULTI-BEAM SPECTROMETER FOR
THE GREEN BANK TELESCOPE
A
new spectrometer for the Green Bank Telescope (GBT) is being built jointly by
the NRAO and the CASPER, University of California, Berkeley. The spectrometer
uses 8 bit ADCs and will be capable of processing up to 1.25 GHz bandwidth from
8 dual polarized beams. This mode will be used to process data from focal plane
arrays. The spectrometer supports observing mode with 8 tunable digital sub-bands
within the 1.25 GHz bandwidth. The spectrometer can also be configured to
process a bandwidth of up to 10 GHz with 64 tunable sub-bands from a dual
polarized beam.
ASKAP
is an SKA Precursor telescope that is demonstrating the use of phased array
feeds (PAFs) at the focus of parabolic dish. An important SKA specification is
survey speed and the use of PAFs increase the survey speed for a dish based
antenna by and order of magnitude by generating multiple independent beams at
each dish. The beams are generated by taking the signals from the PAF and
forming multiple frequency-dependent sums of the signals. This is major
computational task involving the processing of 1.92Tb/s of data per dish. This
paper describes the system that implements this.
JP1.5 THE UNIBOARD: A MULTI-PURPOSE
SCALBLE HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPUTING PLATFORM FOR RADIO-ASTRONOMICAL APPLICATIONS
A. Szomoru, Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe, Dwingeloo, Netherlands
The
UniBoard, a Joint Research Activity in the RadioNet FP7 programme, has as its
aim the creation of a generic high-performance computing platform for radio
astronomy, along with the implementation of several demanding applications. Now
into its third year, the first prototype board has been delivered and tested, a
production run is underway and a large amount of firmware have been produced.
At this time plans exist to use it as the basis for the next-generation
European VLBI Network (EVN) correlator, the Apertif correlator and beam former
and at least one all-dipole Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) correlator.
JP1.6 THE CASPER COLLABORATION FOR
HIGH-PERFORMANCE OPEN SOURCE DIGITAL RADIO ASTRONOMY INSTRUMENTATION
D. Werthimer, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
The
Collaboration for Astronomy Signal Processing and Electronics Research (CASPER)
has revolutionized the cost and time scale for development of high performance
radio astronomy signal processing instrumentation. We present open source
designs (hardware, gateware, libraries, and software tools) for a variety of
flexible high bandwidth instruments, including correlators, beamformers,
spectrometers, VLBI, pulsar timing and transient search machines. The collaboration
relies on a small number of modular, connectible, upgradable, hardware
components and platform independent software libraries that can be reused and
scaled as hardware capabilities expand.
JP1.7 AUTOMATIC GENERATION OF
HETEROGENEOUS SPECTROMETERS FOR RADIO ASTRONOMY
T. E. Filiba, D. Werthimer, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
We
have developed a software package to automatically generate spectrometers with
minimal user input. Spectrometer design is often done by building the
instrument from scratch. We have automated this design, creating a
parameterized spectrometer that only requires a recompile to implement a change
in specification. This spectrometer combines FPGAs and GPUs, doing coarse
channelization on the FPGA and sending each subband to the GPUs for further
processing. The server software is designed for flexibility, allowing
astronomers to easily modify the processing algorithm run on the GPU and
customize the instrument to fit their science goals.
JP1.8 LOW-POWER ARCHITECTURES FOR LARGE
RADIO ASTRONOMY CORRELATORS
L. R. D'Addario, JPL/Caltech, Pasadena, CA, United States
The
architecture of a cross-correlator for a synthesis radio telescope with
N>1000 antennas is studied with the objective of minimizing power
consumption. It is found that the optimum architecture minimizes memory
opera-tions, and this implies preference for a matrix structure over a pipeline
structure and avoiding the use of memory banks as accumulation registers when
sharing multiply-accumulators among baselines. A straw-man design for N=2000
and bandwidth of 1GHz, based on ASICs fabricated in a 90nm CMOS process, is
presented. The cross-correlator proper (excluding per-antenna processing) is
estimated to consume less than 35kW.
JP1.9 COMPUTATIONALLY EFFICIENT ALGORITHM
FOR FAST TRANSIENTS DETECTION
G. Soudlenkov, V. V. Kitaev, Auckland University of Thechnology, Auckland, New Zealand
Multi-staged
fast transient detection technique for large arrays has been proposed aiming to
reduce the computational and data transport/storing requirements. Firstly, the
presence of abrupt change in raw time-domain data needs to be identified. Then
an evidence of extraterrestrial nature of detected signal needs to be found. If
such evidence is present, more detailed analysis is applied. Applying this
strategy, a computationally inexpensive algorithm for detecting of dispersed
transients based on detecting abrupt changes in statistical characteristics of
the signal has been developed using CUSUM scheme. The efficiency of algorithm
is demonstrated on pulsar PSR J0835-4510.
JP1.10 OCTAVE-FAMILIES: VLBI OBSERVATION
SYSTEMS TO SUPPORT VDIF SPECIFICATIONS WITH 10 GBE FOR VERA, JVN AND JAPANESE
E-VLBI (OCTAVE)
NAOJ
has developed VLBI observation Systems (OCTAVE-Families). The Octave systems
consist of a high speed 8-Gsps 3-bit ADC (OCTAD) enable us to acquire wide
radio frequency up to 50 GHz, a converter (OCTAVIA) between 10 GbE and VSI-H,
and disk recorders (OCTADISK) at 4.5 Gbps with 10 GbE. These systems are
connected via 10 GbE network with VDIF (Vlbi Data Interchange Format)
specifications. These components will be used for VERA, OCTAVE(Japanese e-VLBI),
JVN and KJJVC (Korea-Japan Joint VLBI Correlator). This paper will report the
detailed performances and results of test VLBI observations.
JP1.11 EQUIPPING THE SUBMILLIMETER ARRAY FOR
VLBI
VLBI
observations at a wavelength of 1.3 mm have confirmed structure in SgrA*
on scales of just a few Schwarzschild radii. More sensitive observations in the
next few years could confirm a tentative detection of time variable
structures predicted by models of flaring activity in SgrA*. A key improvement
in sensitivity is provided by the deployment of a VLBI processor at the
Submillimeter Array (SMA) on Mauna Kea. This new instrument enables the SMA and
the neighboring single dish telescopes, CSO and JCMT, to contribute to future
VLBI observations with all their collecting area.
JP1.12 AN ALMA BEAMFORMER FOR VLBI AND PHASED
ARRAY SCIENCE
By
phasing all of its 12m dishes together, ALMA will be able to anchor (sub)mm
VLBI arrays capable of resolving super massive black holes on Schwarzschild
radius scales. Phasing ALMA will also enable pulsar searches towards the
Galactic Center as well as study of known high frequency magnetars. This
presentation discusses technical considerations of constructing and integrating
a phased-array processor into the ALMA system. A detailed plan and design that
conforms to all ALMA requirements and the construction schedule will be
described. Initial VLBI and phased array science projects can be carried out with
ALMA within 3 years.
JP1.13 DEVELOPMENT OF A LOW-NOISE WIDE-BAND
PHASED-ARRAY FEED
Low-noise
phased-array feeds are a new way to expand the field of view of radio
telescopes at centimetre wavelengths. First generation engineering
demonstrators of this technology have been constructed and tested by several
institutes worldwide. The development of second-generation phased-array feeds
is now underway. We describe one effort to design and build an
astronomy-capable phased-array feed using techniques to reduce front-end noise
and increase system bandwidth.
JP1.14 A BROADBAND FPGA DIGITAL BEAMFORMER
FOR THE ADVANCED FOCAL ARRAY DEMONSTRATOR (AFAD)
Broadband
Focal Array Beamformers offer the potential to increase the field of view of
reflector antennas. Such systems require processing bandwidth of order 1 GHz
and need to beamform tens of polarized beams from over 100 elements. A number
of such systems have been built but none with the bandwidth and number of
elements required by the Square Kilometre Array (SKA). In this paper we outline
the digital beamformer for the Advanced Focal Array Demonstrator being
developed at the National Research Council Canada–a system that meets the
bandwidth and beam requirements for the SKA.
JP1.15 PERFORMANCE OF POLARIMETRIC
BEAMFORMERS FOR PHASED ARRAY RADIO TELESCOPES
The
results of four recently introduced beamforming schemes are discussed, each of
which is capable to provide high sensitivity and accurate polarimetric
performance of array-based radio telescopes. Ideally, a radio polarimeter
should recover the actual polarization state of the celestial source, and thus
compensate for unwanted polarization degradation effects which are intrinsic to
the instrument. In this paper, we compare the proposed beamforming schemes
through an example of a practical phased array system (APERTIF prototype) and
demonstrate that these schemes are sensitivity equivalent but lead to different
polarization state solutions, some of which are sub-optimal.
JP1.16 ELEMENT GAIN DRIFTS AS AN IMAGING
DYNAMIC RANGE LIMITATION IN PAF-BASED INTERFEROMETERS
Interferometry
with phased-array feeds (PAFs) presents new calibration challenges in
comparison with single-pixel feeds. In particular, temporal instability of the
compound beam patterns due to element gain drifts (EGDs) can produce
calibration artefacts in interferometric images. To translate imaging dynamic
range requirements into PAF hardware and calibration requirements, we must
learn to relate EGD levels to imaging artefact levels. We present a
MeqTrees-based simulations framework that addresses this problem, and apply it
to the APERTIF system currently in development for the WSRT.
JP1.17 OVERVIEW OF SKA CALIBRATION CHALLENGES
AND IMPACT OF DESIGN DECISIONS
The
Square Kilometre Array (SKA), a future radio telescope envisaged to be an order
of magnitude more sensitive than current instruments, poses significant
calibration challenges. We provide an overview of calibration challenges and
discuss current insights in the interplay between calibration and system
design. Although further research is required to make quantitative statements
on the imaging dynamic range limitations imposed by calibration, we illustrate
this interplay by deriving specific requirements on the size and filling factor
of SKA aperture array stations.
JP1.18 ANTENNA DESIGN AND DISTRIBUTION FOR A
LOFAR SUPER STATION IN NANCAY
The
Nanay radioastronomy observatory and associated laboratories are developing the
concept of a ``Super Station" for extending the LOFAR station now
operational in Nanay. The LOFAR Super Station (LSS) will increase the number of
high sensitivity long baselines, provide short baselines and an alternate core,
and be a large standalone instrument. It will operate in the LOFAR low band
(30-80 MHz) and extend to lower frequencies. Three key developments are
presented: the design of a specific elementary antenna, the distribution of
antennas at small-scale (analog-phased mini array) and at large-scale (the
whole LSS).
JP1.19 D-PAD: A SPARSE APERTURE ARRAY FOR
RADIO ASTRONOMY AND TESTBED FOR SQUARE KILOMETRE ARRAY TECHNOLOGIES
D. C. Price, S. Schediwy, M. Jones, The University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
The
D-PAD sparse aperture array is a pathfinder for the SKA Phase 1 Aperture Array.
Here, we give an overview of the D-PAD system and report progress, then discuss
the deployment of the first D-PAD tile. D-PAD is designed as a test-bed for
novel radio astronomy techniques, such as next-generator correlator architectures,
RFI excision algorithms, and calibration schemes. D-PAD aims to investigate the
dynamic range achievable using sparse arrays. Proving that high dynamic ranges
can be achieved with sparse arrays is an important step towards the phase 1 SKA
aperture array design.
JP1.20 ZERO-SPACING INTERFEROMETER FOR
MEASUREMENT OF CONTINUUM SPECTRUM OF THE LOW RADIO FREQUENCY BACKGROUND
A
wide band radio spectrometer has been developed to detect features in the low
radio frequency background in the frequency range 87.5 -175 MHz. The system
configuration consists of a pair of antennas forming an interferometer along
with a space beam splitter in between. The antennas are broad-band dipoles, the
space beam splitter is a resistive wire screen and the digital receiver is a
high resolution spectro-correlator.We present the design and performance test
measurements.
JP1.21 LOFAR: A DIGITAL APERTURE ARRAY RADIO
TELESCOPE
A. W. Gunst, M. P. van Haarlem, R. C. Vermeulen, ASTRON, Dwingeloo, Netherlands
Construction
of the Low Frequency Array is nearly complete. It consists of 48 stations,
mostly concentrated within the Netherlands, and spreading into Europe. Each
station has 48 or 96 dipole antennas and antenna tiles, optimized for 30-240
MHz. LOFAR uses a combination of true time delay and phased-array techniques.
Digital beamforming gives the system agility and allows rapid repointing and
the potential for multiple simultaneous observations. Digital buffering allows
a posteriori imaging of transient events. LOFAR has automated processing
pipelines interacting with its long-term archive. In all its aspects LOFAR is
an important pathfinder for the SKA.
Session Chairs: Jorgen Andersen, Jing Bai
Session KP1
Type Poster Presentation
Schedule Tuesday, August 16, 16:00-19:00
Room Poster Area
KP1.1 NEW IN VIVO OPTICAL MOLECULAR
IMAGING MODALITIES
P. Wu, J. Tian, D. Dong, K. Liu, D. Han, J. Zhong, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Recent
advances in optical molecular imaging technology have led to great improvements
in image resolution, and are increasingly being applied to non-invasively
delineate in vivo physiological and pathological processes at cellular and
molecular levels. It provides the potential for the understanding of
integrative biology, earlier detection and characterization of disease and the
evaluation of treatment. This paper focuses on the typical in vivo optical
molecular imaging modalities as well as their potential clinical applications
and future development.
KP1.2 LIGHT-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY OF
MUTAGEN-DNA COMPLEX IN PRESENCE OF COMPETING BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS
Mathematical
analysis of absorption spectra of biologically active substances is presented.
Two models of interactions of mutagen and caffeine with DNA analyzed and
obtained binding parameters show good coincidence. Using different models,
which take into account formation of various complexes, it is possible to
calculate different binding parameters of such triple systems and choose the
model describing corresponding system in the best way.
KP1.3 INFLUENCE OF A HIGH-FREQUENCY
ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD AT 2.45 GHZ ON HUMAN INTERLEUKIN 1 BETA AND INTERLEUKIN 6
PRODUCTIONS IN MACROPHAGE-LIKE U937 CELLS
General
concern regarding the potential hazards of exposure to electromagnetic fields
(EMF) has led to many epidemiological investigations. In vitro study, the
cellular immune effects of EMF are discussed. We investigated the effects of a
high-frequency electromagnetic field (HFEMF) at 2.45 GHz on human interleukin
1β (IL-1β) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) productions in human monoblastic
U937 cells. Our results showed that the exposure to a HFEMF at SAR of 1 and 10
W/kg for 4 hours has no significant effect on IL-1β and IL-6 productions
in U937 cells.
KP1.4 THIN MICROWAVE ANTENNA FOR
INTRACAVITARY HEATING OF BILE DUCT CARCINOMA - EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATIONS ON
PERFORMANCES OF ANTENNA USING A SWINE -
K. Saito, K. Tsubouchi, M. Takahashi, K. Ito, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
MRI
contrast agents, Feridex and Resovist have superparamagnetic substance as an
active ingredients. Feridex does not show temperature rise under AC magnetic
field. Resovist shows temperature rise under the same condition. We simulated
the optimum frequency on Resovist using phantom and found it is 140kHz. However
treatable cancer volume was limited to 9cm3. We tried a fractionation of
Resovist. One of the fractions was found to be effective by more than 6 times
compared to the drug by itself. This result suggests that the hyperthermia in
combination with the fraction and induction heating device is a promising
treatment for cancer.
KP1.5 DETECTION OF THE BLOOD LEUKEMIA BY
USING THE ULTRA WIDE BAND PULSES
H. M. Mostafa, M. A. A. Aldosoky, Helwan University, cairo, Egypt
Ultra-wideband
radar for diagnosing and detection of the tumors in the human tissue has been
developed for many years. This detection includes the breast, liver and the
skin tumors. This is due to the high resolution and the ability of detection
and diagnosing. Detection of blood leukemia is another application of the ultra
wide radar. This method minimizes the usage of the chemical process of
detection. This paper presents the proposed model for detecting the blood
leukemia without any aid of the chemical materials.
KP1.6 INTERMEDIATE FREQUENCY MAGNETIC
FIELDS DID NOT HAVE GENOTOXIC AND PROMOTION POTENTIALS IN IN VITRO TESTS
In
recent years, the use of new electrical appliances, that use or emit
intermediate frequency (IF; 300 Hz to 10 MHz) electromagnetic fields, has been
increasing. We have investigated genotoxic and promotion potentials of a
vertical and sinusoidal IF MF of 0.91mT (rms) at 2 kHz, 1.1mT (rms) at 20 kHz
and 0.11mT (rms) at 60 kHz. We used microbial mutagenicity tests, gene
conversion tests, micronucleus tests or mouse lymphoma assay for genotoxicity,
and Bhas42 promotion tests for promotion. The results indicate that the IF MFs
did not have genotoxic nor promotion potentials in the experimental conditions.
KP1.7 SHORT-TERM WHOLE BODY EXPOSURE OF
INTERMEDIATE FREQUENCY MAGNETIC FIELDS TO RATS DOES NOT AFFECT BLOOD PROPERTIES
AND IMMUNE SYSTEMS
We
explored short term exposure effects of intermediate frequency of magnetic
fields (IF-MF) to rats. IF-MF at 21 kHz was exposed to rats under fixed
conditions in an acrylic holder. Exposure was done at 1hour/day for 3
consecutive days. On the 4th day, biochemical and hematological parameters in
the blood were analyzed. We also examined the effects to the immunological
functions. Results indicate there is no effects to these parameters, even high
magnetic flux density (3.8 mT; 141 times higher than the reference level to
general public of ICNIRP guideline 2010) was exposed to the animals.
KP1.8 A SINGLE-CHANNEL THZ IMAGING SYSTEM
FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS
Due
to technological advances, imaging in the THz-range of the electromagnetic
spectrum is currently emerging as an interesting tool for security, safety, and
biomedical applications. In this paper, a THz imaging system designed for
biomedical analysis is described. The system consists of a pair of antennas
operating in transmission mode at 335 GHz. The antennas can be moved
independently of each other and a tomographic imaging algorithm is used to
reconstruct the images.
KP1.9 FRENCH GENERAL PRACTITIONERS AND
HEALTH EFFECTS OF EMF
Concerns
about health risks linked to electromagnetic fields (EMF) lead to questions
asked to GPs. Information on the biological effects of EMF is abundant, but
controversial and potentially disturbing. Individuals suffering from
electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS) attributes a variety of symptom to EMF.
In this context, a survey study among a representative population of French GPs
was carried out to investigate what GPs know about EMF, what are their sources
of information, what are the concerns of the patients about EMF, and what is
the extent of EHS in France. The results of this study will be presented at the
meeting.
KP1.10 ANTENNA ARRANGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS FOR
MICROWAVE HYPERTHERMIA APPLICATIONS
This
paper presents the adequateness of a rectangular spiral shaped patch antenna
and a Vivaldi antenna having narrow beam width to use for antenna arrangements
in microwave hyperthermia applications. The results obtained from simplified
leg model show the adequateness of the small size spiral antenna due to its
capability to operate at multi frequencies and narrow beam width. In addition
its small lateral size is promising to use it in multi antenna configuration
system for microwave hyperthermia application for cancer treatment.
KP1.11 NEW MEASUREMENT METHOD OF WHOLE BODY
SAR BY USING WHEELER CAP METHOD
T. Arima, T. Imamura, T. Uno, Tokyo university of agriculture and technology, Tokyo, Japan
In
this paper a new measurement technique for whole body SAR of small phantom is
proposed. The method is based on Wheeler cap method. Wheeler cap method is
originally used for antenna efficiency measurement. The effectiveness of the
method is confirmed by experimentally and numerically.
Session Chairs: P Banerjee, William Davis
Session AP
Type Poster Presentation
Schedule Thursday, August 18, 16:00-19:00
Room Poster Area
AP.1 ON A NEUROCOMPUTING BASED
PREDICTIVE MODEL FORECASTING THE WINTER SHOWER IN INDIA
Development
of a neurocomputing technique to forecast average winter shower in India has
been modeled using 48 years data. The complexities in the rainfall-sea surface
temperature (SST) relationships have been statistically analyzed along with the
collinearity diagnostics. Presence of multicollinearity is revealed and a
variable selection is executed accordingly. Absence of persistence is also
exhibited. Artificial Neural Net (ANN) Model as predictive tool in the form of
MLP has been generated with SST anomaly and average winter shower data. Neural
Net model with small prediction error is developed and supremacy of ANN over
conventional statistical predictive procedure is established.
AP.2 A COMPACT PLANAR DUAL-BAND
BANDPASS FILTER WITH ASYMMETRIC BANDWIDTHS
Two
different lengths of open-loop rectangle-ring resonators were parallelly
positioned at two sides of input/output microstrip lines with the same coupling
gap and length. The longer open-loop rectangle-ring was designed to resonate at
1.23 GHz and 2.31 GHz. The shorter open-loop rectangle-ring was designed to
resonant at 2.52 GHz to improve the bandwidth of 2.4 GHz band. The proposed
filter revealed great filtering properties and was suitable to used for the
applications of GPS (L2-band, 1.227 GHz), and WLAN (IEEE802.11b/g, 2.4~2.4835
GHz).
AP.3 DESIGNING A MINIATURIZED T-SHAPED
NON-ORTHOGONAL FEED INPUT/OUTPUT DUAL-MODE BANDPASS FILTER
Dual-mode
filters with differently structured resonator were designed on Al2O3 substrate
for pattern minimization and better properties. Al2O3 substrate with a
permittivity of 9.8 is easily integrated with RF circuits. For the proposed
filter, two open stubs, one perturbation patch, and one meandering loop ring
were investigated to achieve the same purpose with smaller size. To improve the
coupling effect, two additional stubs were used to form the T-shaped microstrip
coupling lines. The proposed filter showed a size reduction compared with the
published filters, and it also provided deep transmission zeros on both sides
of the passband.
AP.4 HYBRID-FED MICROSTRIP LOOP
RESONATOR WITH CAPACITIVE MEANDER LINES
A
compact wide-band bandpass filter (BPF) using the degenerate modes of a meander
structure printed on the FR4 substrate is proposed. The resonator is based on a
capacitive meander loop loaded with a perturbation strip at the center of the
resonator for the coupling effects. Besides its simple structure, the filter
shows low insertion loss and minified to small size, owing to the meander
structure used for lengthening the resonant length. The effect of input/output
symmetrically hybrid-fed lines located along a straight line on the proposed
filter is studied for dual-mode filter.
AP.5 AN INDIRECT IMPEDANCE
CHARACTERIZATION METHOD FOR MONOLITHIC DOUBLE-SLOT ANTENNAS FOR THZ SENSORS
We
present an indirect port-impedance characterization technique for
monolithically manufactured THz antennas. Due to the exceedingly small
geometrical details, standard contact-probe measurements cannot be carried out
at the desired port locations. Several contact-probe measurements are carried
out at remote locations. THz antenna is treated as a two-port network and the
port impedance seen by a sensing diode can be analytically determined using
standard S-parameter measurements. This approach provides accurate estimates of
the antenna impedance, with possible exceptions when the electrical length
between the two ports is close to an integer multiple of half wavelength.
AP.6 G-BAND FREQUENCY-STEERING ANTENNA
ARRAY DESIGN AND MEASUREMENTS
This
paper discusses design of a micro-fabricated frequency-steered waveguide slot
array and its radiation pattern measurements over a 130GHz to 180GHz frequency
range. The array is designed in a reduced-height WR-5 waveguide, and the slot
spacing, size and position are optimized using HFSS. The array was fabricated
in the PolyStrataTM process by Nuvotronics, LLC. The measured return loss of
the 20-element travelling-wave array is below 12dB from 130 to 180GHz. The
radiation patterns agree well with simulations are exhibit about 1degree/GHz of
scanning. The measurements were performed in a calibrated quasi-optical setup.
AP.7 A COMPACT MODIFIED GROUND CPW FED
ANTENNA FOR UWB APPLICATIONS
A
Coplanar waveguide fed compact planar monopole antenna with a modified ground
plane is presented. Measured and simulated results reveal that the antenna
operates in the Ultra Wide Band with almost constant group delay throughout the
band. Time domain performance of the antenna is also discussed in order to
assess its suitability for impulse radio applications
AP.8 A MODEL OF PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM
WITH MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING CONTROL AND THE OBSERVATION OF THE EFFECTS OF
ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS WITH THE APPLICATION AT BATMAN CITY IN TURKEY
T. Sengor, S. Shahidul, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
The
electrical behaviour of the Photovoltaic module with the change of temperature
and solar irradiance is presented. An observation of photovoltaic system with
maximum power point tracking control using the Perturb-Observe Algorithm and
the effect of variable solar irradiance over this system took place. It is
crucial to operate the PV energy conversion systems near the Maximum Power
Point to increase the efficiency of the photovoltaic system. The maximum power
operating point varies with solar irradiance level and temperature. For a
successful photovoltaic system the tracking control of the maximum power point
is a most important issue.
Session Chair: Giuliano Manara
Session BP2
Type Poster Presentation
Schedule Thursday, August 18, 16:00-19:00
Room Poster Area
BP2.1 PLANE WAVE DIFFRACTION BY A VARYING
IMPEDANCE DISCONTINUITY IN A PERFECTLY CONDUCTING CIRCULAR WAVEGUIDE
K. Durgut, G. Cinar, Gebze Institute of Technology, Kocaeli, Turkey
Diffraction
of electromagnetic plane waves by a finite length cylinder with variable
surface impedance which is located between two semi-infinitely long perfectly
conducting cylinders is investigated rigorously. Fourier transform technique is
applied and a Fredholm integral equation of the second kind is determined which
was solved by considering the residue contributions of the poles. Thus, the
solution of the problem is reduced into the determination of infinite number of
unknown coefficients satisfying an infinite system of linear algebraic equations.
The influence of the varying impedance surface and the waveguide radius on the
reflected and transmitted waves is presented graphically.
BP2.2 OBSERVATIONS ON THE RESISTIVE LOSSES
AND THE ELECTROSTATIC FIELD DISTRIBUTION IN AN INSULATING NANOCOMPOSITE
It
has been reported that adding insulating nanoparticles to an epoxy polymers increases
its breakdown strength. Thermal runaway caused by resistive losses can act as a
precursor to the electrical breakdown process. To examine the influence of
nanoparticles on the breakdown strength, the magnitude of the dc-electric field
distribution and its corresponding resistive losses around insulating
Al2O3-nanoparticles has been determined for linear and non-linear epoxy polymer
media w.r.t. filling degree of particles. The nanoparticle addition to a
polymer creates both "no heating" regions and "significant
heating" regions in the close vicinity of the interface.
BP2.3 RADIATION EFFICIENCY ENHANCEMENT OF
A HORIZONTAL DIPOLE ON AN ELECTRICALLY THICK SUBSTRATE BY A PMC GROUND PLANE
A
method for the enhancement of the radiation efficiency of horizontal electric
radiators on grounded substrate at low-efficiency substrate thicknesses,
corresponding to TM surface-wave cutoff frequencies, is presented. This method
consists in placing a thin (high permittivity) dielectric slab between the
initial slab and the ground plane so as to generate an equivalent perfect
magnetic conductor (PMC) condition at the bottom of the main substrate. This
method can be used to provide more design flexibility in high-efficiency planar
antennas in the millimeter-wave regime, where the substrates are typically electrically
very thick.
BP2.4 POSITIONAL DEPENDENCE OF MICROSTRIP
LINE PROPERTIES ON ARTIFICIAL SUBSTRATES
A. K. Amert, K. W. Whites, SDSMT, Rapid City, SD, United States
Integration
of artificial electromagnetic materials into devices can be a difficult task
due to manufacturing limitations. Recently, simplified versions of these
materials have been proposed that are far easier to manufacture. However,
non-ideal effects are caused by the physical modification used to simplify
these materials. In this paper, microstrip lines placed onto artificial
material substrates composed of metallic cube and sphere particles are
simulated and characterized. Positional dependence of effective line properties
was observed.
BP2.5 REFLECTARRAY ANTENNAS: AN INTUITIVE
EXPLANATION OF REFLECTION PHASE BEHAVIOR
H. Rajagopalan, Y. Rahmat-Samii, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
This
paper presents the concept of reflectarray antenna in a novel way utilizing a
graphical visualization tool. This approach greatly facilitates understanding
of the working of the reflectarray antenna and provides an intuitive
explanation for the reflectarray behavior. The reflectarray element is
characterized in a unit cell environment and true reflectarray environment for
its reflection phase performance. By analyzing and evaluating the incident,
scattered, and total electric fields, the element behavior can be understood
and the overall reflectarray performance can be validated. This reflection
phase approach can be potentially used to perform diagnostics to identify flaws
in the existing design.
BP2.6 A RIGOROUS MODEL FOR
AXIALLY-SYMMETRIC RADIATORS OF PULSED WAVES
O. Shafalyuk, P. D. Smith, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
In
the present work, we solve a problem of the appropriate and efficient
truncation of the computational domain (a principal problem of computational
electrodynamics) in so-called open problems (the problems where the
computational domain is infinite along one or more spatial coordinates) for the
case of TE- and TM-waves in axially-symmetrical open compact resonators with
waveguide feed lines. Also, a number of questions have been considered that
occur when solving far-field problems and problems involving extended sources
or sources located in the far-zone.
BP2.7 RELATIVISTIC INVARIANCE OF THE
TIME-DOMAIN WAVEGUIDE MODES
O. A. Tretyakov, O. Akgun, Gebze Institute of Technology, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
The
relativistic invariance of a complete set of time-domain modes under Lorentz
transformation is proved. The time-domain modes are exhibited as the particular
solutions to the system of Maxwell's equations with time derivative. The
waveguide surface has the properties of perfect electric conductor. The modal
fields are presented via transverse-longitudinal decompositions. Every field component
is a product of a modal amplitude depending on longitudinal coordinate and
time, and an element of modal basis in the waveguide cross section. The modal
basis is specified in a general form. Exact explicit solutions for the modal
amplitudes are presented.
BP2.8 TEMPORAL EVOLUTION OF THE
IRROTATIONAL AND SOLENOIDAL CAVITY MODES
An
outline of the evolutionary approach to time-domain electromagnetics is
presented in a form available for practice. A cavity is loaded with a given
source of transient signal. The cavity field is presented via expansions in
terms of the solenoidal and irrotational modes having time-dependent modal
amplitudes. The differential equations with time derivative are derived from
Maxwell's equations for the amplitudes jointly with appropriate initial
conditions. The frequency-domain theory usually interprets the irrotational
modes as some static fields. Graphical results illustrating the time dependence
of the irrotational and solenoidal modes will be exhibited in the presentation.
BP2.9 SCALAR DIFFRACTION PROBLEM FOR N
ARBITRARILY SHAPED SURFACES OF REVOLUTION: RIGOROUS APPROACH
A. Shafalyuk, E. Vinogradova, P. Smith, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
This
paper describes the application of the analytical regularization method to the
solution of scalar diffraction problems. Reflectors composed from several
coaxial surfaces of revolution are considered. The surfaces are arbitrarily
shaped and may be closed or open. The initial problem is transformed to an
infinite linear algebraic system of second kind. Numerical solutions to such
systems with a guaranteed pre-specified accuracy are readily obtained.
BP2.10 EXTRAORDINARY INTERACTION OF TERAHERTZ
AND OPTICAL WAVES THROUGH METALLIC NANO-SLITS
M. Jarrahi, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
We
present a periodic array of metallic nano-slits, which enables extraordinary
interaction of terahertz and optical waves at nano-scale dimensions. Such
capability is due to the unique property of periodic arrays of subwavelength
metallic slits to support guided modes at multiple frequency bands determined
by slit geometry. Diffraction limit in periodic arrays of subwavelength
metallic slits is mitigated by excitation of surface waves which assist
efficient coupling of a TM-polarized incident electromagnetic wave into the TEM
modes of the subwavelength slab waveguides formed by metallic slits.
BP2.11 PERTURBATION ANALYSIS OF PLANAR PERIODIC
LEAKY-WAVE ANTENNAS FED BY CYLINDRICAL SURFACE-WAVES
An
accurate but simple perturbation analysis of planar cylindrical leaky waves
(LWs) is presented. Initially a printed leaky-wave antenna (LWA), realized by a
grounded dielectric slab and fed by a SW source in the ground plane for surface
wave (SW) excitation, is considered. Attenuation and phase constants for the
cylindrical LW mode are derived along with the pointing angle and beamwidth as
a function of frequency. Results are also in good agreement with full-wave
simulations and measurements for some recently designed and fabricated
structures.
BP2.12 EFFECT OF CONDUCTOR BACKING ON COUPLED
COPLANAR WAVEGUIDE WITH FINITE GROUND PLANES
In
this paper, quasi-static coupling characteristics of conductor-backed coupled
coplanar waveguide (CB CCPW) with finite ground planes are presented.
CAD-oriented closed-form expressions for calculating the even and odd mode
quasistatic parameters of conductor-backed coupled coplanar structures are
derived by using conformal mapping techniques (CMT). Numerical results of
obtained analytic formulas are compared with those available in the literature
for similar structures. According to the comparisons good agreement between the
results are observed.
BP2.13 MATERIAL INVARIANT FORMULATION OF
PLANE WAVE SCATTERING BY A MOVING DIELECTRIC HALF-SPACE
B. Polat, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
In
virtue of the axiomatic structure of a recently introduced Material Invariant
Electromagnetic Field Theory, we introduce the general formulation of a
scattering problem for arbitrarily moving material media and provide the
solution for the canonical case of TM plane wave scattering by a dielectric
half-space in uniform rectilinear motion.
BP2.14 IMPEDANCE BOUNDARY CONDITION ON A PEC
BACKED UNIAXIALLY ANISOTROPIC SHEET OF ARBITRARY SHAPE
B. Polat, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
Impedance
boundary condition is investigated on a PEC backed uniaxially anisotropic sheet
of arbitrary shape based on the distributional tools on an arbitrary regular
surface. The investigation provides a generalization of the distributional
procedure introduced by Ýdemen in 1993 for the case when the material sheet is
of arbitrary shape and backed by a perfect electrical conductor. The
availability of an impedance boundary condition is scrutinized for 8 different
types of materials of practical interest.
BP2.15 RIGOROUS ANALYSIS OF THE
PARALLEL-PLATE WAVEGUIDE BY THE HYBRID MODE FORMULATION: FROM THE TEM MODE TO
THE SURFACE PLASMON POLARITON
This
paper presets an analysis of the parallel-plate waveguide, based on an hybrid
mode formulation. The nonideal metallic conductors of the waveguide are treated
as a media characterized by an equivalent permittivity. The behavior of the
electromagnetic field of the fundamental mode is studied. At low frequencies
(microwaves) the fundamental mode is the well-known TEM mode; as frequency
increases, the electromagnetic field changes significantly and a surface wave
or Surface Plasmon Polariton behavior is observed at the highest frequencies of
the terahertz band. This paper shows an unified formulation that explains this
transformation in the electromagnetic field behavior.
BP2.16 EFFECT OF APEX ANGLE ON ABSORPTION
CHARACTERISTIC OF PYRAMIDAL ABSORBERS
I. Catalkaya, S. Kent, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
Array
of absorbing pyramid cones are widely used in anechoic chambers to measure
electromagnetic wave interference Accuracy of measurements is related with
absorbing performance of pyramidal structures on chamber walls. Absorbing
performance of pyramidal structure depends on various parameters such as
dielectric permittivity, magnetic permeability, material used for pyramids,
physical dimensions of absorber etc. To determine effect of apex angle on
absorption characteristics, absorbers which have different apex angles with
same material are investigated. Reflectivity values are calculated. Both normal
and oblique incidences of plane wave are analyzed. Results for different
incidences angles and frequency bands are presented.
BP2.17 DESIGN FOR THE STRUCTURAL SURFACE MATERIAL
ENABLING SHIELDING FOR INTERFERENCE MITIGATION WITHIN THE BUILDINGS IN THE
UNLICENSED 2.4GHZ ISM BAND
This
work is proposed to design shielding for interference mitigation and network
security within the buildings in the unlicensed 2.4GHz ISM band and to provide
maximum transparency at broadcast frequencies. Thus, mobile phones, radio and
television signals in buildings will not be affected. Frequency Selective
Surface (FSS) is attached onto existing common construction material to
transform the standard material into a bandstop frequency selective wall. To
obtain the band response of FSS having a desired frequency interval, a new FSS
periodic element geometry is introduced and the desired frequency response is
achieved. HFSS software is used for simulation purposes.
BP2.18 3D ISOTROPIC MAGNETIC AND NEGATIVE
INDEX NANOCLUSTER METAMATERIALS
We
investigate the optical properties of metamaterials formed by collections of
three-dimensional clusters of plasmonic nanoparticles. This type of
nanoclusters (NCs) consist of spherical constellations of metallic nanospheres
arranged around a central dielectric sphere and support collective plasmon
modes among which the most relevant are those associated with the induced
electric and magnetic dipole resonances. We discuss the effective electric and
magnetic polarizabilities of NCs, emphasizing their isotropic properties, and
we show that dense packed arrays of NCs can be used to realize metamaterials
with negative effective permittivity and permeability, and even negative
effective refractive index at visible frequencies.
BP2.19 NEGATIVE EFFECTIVE REFRACTIVE INDEX
METAMATERIALS AT OPTICAL FREQUENCIES BASED ON SUPERLATTICES OF NOBLE METALS AND
EXCITONIC SEMICONDUCTORS
A. Vallecchi, M. Albani, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
Super
lattices of engineered spherical nanoparticles are considered as model
structures exhibiting dielectric and magnetic resonances at optical
frequencies. We first show that a lattice of excitonic semiconductor
nanoparticles can be used to realize a magnetic medium. Then, either we form a
binary superlattice combining the magnetic crystal with an electric one of
metal nanospheres, or we coat the nanospheres of the magnetic crystal with a
metal layer and consider a single lattice of coated nanospheres. Both these
approaches are shown to represent effective routes to realization of
three-dimensional (3D) isotropic negative index metamaterials in the visible.
BP2.20 A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON TWO TYPES OF
TRANSPARENT PATCH ANTENNAS
Properties
of optically transparent patch antennas designed from meshed conductor and
transparent conductive films are studied and compared. At S band, meshed
antennas provide the best antenna efficiency for the highest transparency. It
is practical to design a 90% transparent meshed antenna with more than 60%
transparency. Indium tin oxide (ITO) films, although less visible to human eyes
than conductive meshes, at an optical transparency of 80%, provide an antenna
efficiency of less than 30% at 2.5 GHz. It is also shown that with the progress
in material processing, the efficiency of an ITO patch antenna can be improved.
BP2.21 ANALYSIS AND IMPROVEMENT OF A FAST
FRAUNHOFER METHOD FOR ANTENNA CHARACTERIZATION IN ITS RADIATING REGION
A. Carta, D. Trinchero, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
The
paper focuses on the assessment of the electromagnetic field in the radiating
near field region of a radiator. A first version of the method has been
recently presented and successfully applied to linear arrays. In this paper a
set of possible solutions for the generalization of such approach are presented
and evaluated, to make it suitable to the estimation of the field generated by
sources with any current distribution. The proposed approaches are still easy
and efficient. All the solutions are first introduced from a theoretical point
of view, then validated by means of comparisons with full-wave simulations.
BP2.22 RESONANT PROPERTIES OF CONDUCTING
POLYHEDRAL SPHERES WITH POLYGON MESH SURFACES
P. A. Bernhardt, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, United States
Electromagnetic
excitation of metal-grid polyhedral spheres constructed of 12 pentagons and a
large number of hexagons are investigated. For certain wavelengths, the porous
sphere becomes a resonator with large internal electric fields. At resonance,
the radar cross section increases by over 40 dB. The radar wavelength is small
relative to the size of the surface holes. The resonator theory is being tested
at 2.45 GHz using an open-face, sphere with 960 vertices and tuned conducting
edges. The large variations in RCS with frequency are studied with inside a
compact range, anechoic chamber at the Naval Research Laboratory.
BP2.23 PROPERTIES OF INFLECTIVE NANO WIRES
T. Sengor, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
The
wave phenomena around inflection points are studied from a new point of view in
order to coordinate inflective shapes analytically. The inflective coordinate
systems are used to compute the exact solutions. The differential equations
obtained using these recently introduced coordinate systems are solved by
extending the usual separation method. These extensions bring out new, special
functions and series, and the achieved results give the exact meaning of
physics related with inflection points. In addition, the electromagnetic wave
is calculated around inflection point. The approach is extended to the
nano-scale.
BP2.24 COMPACT PRINTED MONOPOLE ANTENNA FOR
ULTRA-WIDEBAND APPLICATIONS
S. Raut, A. Petosa, M. Cuhaci, Communications Research Centre Canada, Ottawa, Canada
The
paper reports on a design concept for a compact printed omni-directional antenna
for ultra-wideband (UWB) applications. The presented design is a compact
monopole-type printed antenna for operation over 500MHz-2.5GHz band for radar
applications. The monopole features a unique Y-shaped configuration to achieve
wideband frequency response while maintaining a compact size. An additional
feature of the antenna is its shaped compact ground plane that supports the
antenna feed. A prototype of the UWB monopole antenna was built and tested
successfully.
BP2.25 A MULTI-OBJECTIVE APPROACH TO
SUBARRAYED LINEAR ANTENNA ARRAYS DESIGN
In
this paper we present a multi-objective optimization approach to the design of
subarrayed linear antenna arrays. Two popular Multi-Objective Evolutionary
Algorithms (MOEAs), the Generalized Differential Evolution (GDE3) and the
Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II), are employed in the
simultaneous optimization of directivity and sidelobe level. GDE3 and NSGA-II
are applied to the synthesis of uniform and nonuniform subarrayed linear
arrays, providing an extensive set of solutions for each design case. The results
of the proposed method are compared with those reported in the literature,
indicating the advantages and applicability of the multi-objective approach.
BP2.26 THEORY OF A TRAVELING WAVE FEED FOR A
PLANAR SLOT ARRAY ANTENNA
A
planar array of longitudinal radiating slots cut in broad walls of rectangular
waveguides is fed by a traveling wave array of centered-inclined coupling slots
cut in the common broad walls of a feed waveguide and an array of orthogonal
radiating waveguides. A theory is developed for the design of the resonant
coupling slots using the scattering matrix representation. Numerical results
computed for the radiation pattern, tilt angles of coupling slots, and
excitation phases of the radiating waveguides are presented for a uniformly
excited array. It is shown that the use of resonant coupling slots simplifies
the design process.
BP2.27 BROADBAND INVESTIGATION OF THE SPATIAL
CORRELATION OF ANTENNAS FOR MOBILE PHONES
In
this paper the correlation coefficient between two Inverted L Antennas (ILA) in
wide frequency range is investigated. The coefficient has been calculated by
using expression in terms of far-field radiation patterns in the azimuth plane.
Novel theoretical expressions are obtained for this coefficient in the case of
a couple of parallel short horizontal dipoles in a uniform angle of arrival
(AoA) distribution. Moreover, the numerical simulations for the correlation
coefficient obtained for two ILA antennas are compared to the correlations
developed for two short vertical and horizontal dipoles. Good agreement between
analytical and simulation results is found.
BP2.28 WIDEBAND LINEAR AND DUAL-POLARIZED
ANTENNA BASED ON HUYGENS SOURCE PRINCIPLE
A
Huygens source principle is used to design a wideband antenna. An electric
dipole and a slot are located above a ground plane to have unidirectional
broadside radiation with high front to back ratio. A symmetry radiation
patterns are obtained. Linear and dual polarized antennas are designed and
tested. The antennas achieve more than 50% bandwidth for both cases. The dually
polarized antenna achieves around 30 dB isolation between the two ports.
BP2.29 TPMS RECEIVE ANTENNA DESIGN FOR LARGE
VEHICLES
A. Zdemirli, M. M. Bilgi, K. Yegin, Yeditepe Univ., Istanbul, Turkey
TPMS
(Tire Pressure Monitoring System) is becoming an industry standard for driving
safety and fuel efficiency. The receiving antenna for TPMS resides in the near
field of the sensor antenna and this makes it very difficult to establish a
reliable RF link for large vehicles. In the design of receiving antenna, it is
paramount to consider the electric field distribution around the vehicle due to
transmitter sensor. Through extensive large vehicle simulations, we show
optimum locations for the receive antenna and we designed two candidate
antennas for best reception.
BP2.30 MODELING OF THE LOWER ATMOSPHERIC
ELECTRIC FIELD DUE TO THUNDERCLOUD
Electric
field generation in the lower atmosphere by thunderclouds with a suitable
charge distribution profile has been modeled. The responses of the atmosphere
are presented through Maxwells equations together with a time-varying source
charge distribution. Different conductivities of the medium are taken as
exponentially graded function of altitude. The expression of electric potential
has been deduced from which the variation of electric field at different
heights is numerically analyzed.
BP2.31 DESIGN AND OPTIMIZATION OF A
CIRCULARLY POLARIZED MICROSTRIP ANTENNA FOR GPS APPLICATIONS USING ANFIS AND GA
A. A. Heidari, A. Dadgarnia, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
In
this paper a method based on combining adaptive neuro fuzzy inference systems
(ANFISs) and genetic algorithm (GA) is applied for design and optimization of a
circularly polarized microstrip antenna for L1 frequency band of GPS. In design
process, trained ANFISs are used for estimating return loss and axial ratio. In
optimization process, a proper objective function is defined and minimized with
GA in order to obtain optimum physical parameters. The optimization method is
much faster than conventional optimization methods. Both simulation and
measurement results confirm the accuracy and efficiency of the method.
BP2.32 A HEALING SYSTEM FOR FAILED ANTENNA
ARRAY USING PSO
O. P. Acharya, A. Patnaik, S. N. Sinha, Indian Institute Of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
In
large antenna arrays possibility of getting faults for some of the radiating
elements can not be denied at all the times. In such situation the pattern of
the array gets distorted mostly with an increasing sidelobe level (SLL) and
removal of the nulls if any from its desired position. In this paper a
synthesis method using particle swarm optimization (PSO) is developed for these
failed antenna arrays. Reconfiguration of the amplitude and phase distribution
of the remaining working elements in a failed array can improve the SLL and
also maintain the null position.
BP2.33 APPLICATION OF THE POTENTIAL METHOD
FOR DETERMINING THE RADAR CROSS SECTION OF ELECTRICALLY LARGE OBJECTS
M. Herberthson, Swedish Defence Research Agency, Linkoping, Sweden
We
consider the problem of determining radar cross sections of large bodies. In
the traditional method of moments (assuming perfectly conducting bodies), an
object which is large enough compared to the wavelength gives a linear system
of equations of unreasonable size. In this work we demonstrate how the
Potential method applies to large objects. In short, the potential method
replaces the induced and unknown surface current by a 'down sampled' current
which in turn (via Hodge decomposition theorem) is expressed in terms of two
scalar functions/potentials. It is demonstrated how this approach leads to a
smaller system of equations.
BP2.34 APPLICATION OF THE ANALYTICAL
EXPRESSIONS OF FIELDS TO MOT SOLUTION OF TIME DOMAIN EFIE AND CFIE
H. A. Ulku, A. A. Ergin, Gebze Institute of Technology, Kocaeli, Turkey
The
effects of use of the exact closed-form expressions of the electric and
magnetic fields (potentials) due to impulsively excited RWG basis functions on
the Marching on-in-Time (MOT) solutions of the EFIE and CFIE are presented. The
solutions via analytical expressions of fields are verified and compared with
conventional (numerical) MOT solutions. It is shown that the accuracy and
stability of the solutions obtained with the analytical-based method are better
than those obtained with numerical-based conventional method. Also the
dependency of the MOT solution of the time domain EFIE to time step size is
investigated.
BP2.35 SOLUTION OF THE INITIAL CONDITION
PROBLEM OF TIME DOMAIN EFIE
H. A. Ulku, A. A. Ergin, Gebze Institute of Technology, Kocaeli, Turkey
Marching
on-in-Time (MOT) solution of the time domain electric field integral equation
(EFIE) can be corrupted with linearly increasing and constant components. This
corruption is mainly caused by the inappropriate imposing of the initial
conditions to the solution of EFIE. In this study, first and second order
formulations (FOF and SOF) of the time domain EFIE to alleviate the linear and
constant corruption components will be presented. It will be shown that FOF
remedies the linear component problem and SOF remedies both linear and constant
component problems.
BP2.36 PYRAMIDAL HORN ANTENNA GAIN
CALCULATIONS IN RECEIVING MODE USING FDTD TECHNIQUE
M. Ali, S.-O. Park, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejon, South Korea
A
few widely used incident wave models for pyramidal horn antenna analysis are
compared on the basis of gain computations. The finite-difference time-domain
(FDTD) technique is applied to compute the gain of horn antennas in this
receiving mode. The computed gains are compared with published measured
results. The computed results agree well with the measurement for high-gain
horn and also for lower gain horn.
BP2.37 ELECTROMAGNETIC DIFFRACTION BY AN
IMPEDANCE CYLINDER BURIED HALFWAY BETWEEN TWO HALF-SPACES
We
consider the problem of electromagnetic diffraction from a cylinder with
impedance surface and half-buried between two dielectric media. An arbitrary
located electric dipole provides the excitation. The harmonic solution is
presented as a series sum over a spectrum of a discrete-index Hankel transform,
and the spectral amplitudes are determined by solving an infinite linear system
of equations, which is constructed by applying the orthogonality relation of
the 1D Greens function.
BP2.38 SIMPLE PRECONDITIONING TECHNIQUE: EMPIRICAL
FORMULA FOR CONDITION NUMBER REDUCTION AT A JUNCTION OF SEVERAL WIRES
A. A. Lysko, CSIR, Pretoria, South Africa
The
condition number for a method-of-moments impedance matrix resulting from a
junction of several wires is frequency dependant and can be minimized at a
given frequency using several approaches. An empirical formula for an optimum,
condition-number minimizing selection of the dependent variable for a multiplet
on the junction is presented. The results indicate possibility to lower the
condition number by an order of magnitude with virtually no computational
overhead. The results may also be used to mesh the structure so as to minimize
the condition number.
BP2.39 NEW MOM CODE INCORPORATING MULTIPLE
DOMAIN BASIS FUNCTIONS
A. A. Lysko, CSIR, Pretoria, South Africa
A
new method of moments (MoM) code is discussed. The code supports standard
functionality, including fully automatic re-meshing and variables assignment,
ground plane and symmetry planes. In addition, the code realizes several new
features. These include significant acceleration of the impedance matrix
filling-in for high accuracy calculations on structures with redundancies, and
realization of the multiple domain basis functions with a support for various
aggregating basis functions profiles, including piecewise linear and piecewise
sinusoidal. New profiles may be easily defined. The current realization of the
code has been tested on several references and showed excellent results.
BP2.40 ANALYSIS OF LINEARLY TAPERED SLOT
ANTENNAS ON A DIELECTRIC SUBSTRATE
A. Keskin, A. Koksal, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
A
two level approach has been developed for the analysis of Linearly Tapered Slot
Antennas (LTSA). The method is based on the exact geometry of the antenna
including the finite dielectric substrate. Moment Method solution of Electric
Field Integral Equations (EFIE) derived for the conductor and infinite
dielectric parts has been carried out. In order to solve the EFIE for an
infinite dielectric slab, an approximate spatial domain closed form Green's
function is obtained. To include the effect of the finiteness of the structure,
the dielectric region has been replaced with the equivalent volume polarization
current density.
BP2.41 MODULAR PLANAR ANTENNA AT X-BAND FOR
SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS
An
antenna which has been conceived as a portable system for satellite
communications based on the recommendations ITU-R S.580-6 and ITU-R S.465-5 for
small antennas is introduced. It is a planar and a compact structure with a
size of 40x40x2 cm. The antenna is formed by an array of 256 printed elements
covering a large bandwidth (14.7%) at X-Band. The specification includes transmission
and reception bands simultaneously. The printed antenna has a radiation pattern
with a 3dB beamwidth of 5, over a 31dBi gain, and a dual and an interchangeable
circular polarization.
BP2.42 GPU-ACCELERATED POWER PATTERN
SYNTHESIS OF APERIODIC LINEAR ARRAYS
A. Capozzoli, A. Breglia, C. Curcio, A. Liseno, Universitdi Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
We
deal with the development of a computationally effective approach for the power
pattern phase-only synthesis of equivalently tapered linear arrays. The
computational effectiveness of the algorithm is reached by the development of a
parallel Non Uniform Fast Fourier Transform (NUFFT) routine running on a
Graphics Processing Units (GPU). The numerical results point out the
computational and synthesis performance of the technique. For an array of 3000
elements, the parallel approach has resulted to be about 10 times faster than
the sequential one.
BP2.43 DIRECTIONAL ULTRA WIDEBAND ARRAY
ANTENNA WITH BEAM-FORMING CAPABILITIES
A. A. Adam, S. K. Abdul Rahim, N. Seman, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
This
paper presents a design of directional array antenna for ultra wideband (UWB)
applications. The antenna is fed by a 50ohm microstrip line and printed on a
dielectric FR4 substrate of permittivity (εr = 4.7) and height (h =1.6
mm). Optimization on the planar directional antenna has been performed to accomplish
an ultra wide 10 dB return loss bandwidth. The design features a parabolic
shaped ground plane to achieve high directivity and gain across the UWB
frequency band. Moreover, an array of the proposed antenna is made and the
beam-forming capability is verified.
BP2.44 DESIGN OF A LOW-PROFILE KU BAND PHASED
ARRAY ANTENNA FOR MOBILE PLATFORMS
Ku
band reception systems for mobile platforms demand stringent requirements for
the electrical and mechanical characteristics of the antenna. We present a new
phased array antenna design capable of mechanical scanning in azimuth and
electronic scanning in elevation. Non-resonant slot coupled patch antenna with
a parasitic element on top is designed for wideband operation, which covers
entire Ku band allocated for TV reception, and high gain. . Its feed network is
optimized for this particular scanning angle and wideband operation.
Considering the limited dimensions of the antenna, it exhibits excellent
performance in terms of match, gain, and isolation.
BP2.45 ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING FROM
CONDUCTORS: THE RECURSIVE ITERATIVE SURFACE EQUIVALENCE APPROACH
S. A. Shakib, I. A. Eshrah, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
A
recursive iterative surface equivalence technique is proposed to solve
electromagnetic scattering from arbitrary conducting bodies. The technique has
advantages over existing methods based on integral equations, e.g. the method
of moments (MoM), as well as methods based on finite differences, e.g. finite
difference frequency domain. These advantages are particularly apparent for
large scatterers, as the technique is inspired by the problem of scattering
from an infinite conducting plane. Also, trivial changes to MoM codes are
needed to implement the proposed technique. The generalization of the one-dimensional
treatment is verified with canonical and arbitrary two-dimensional problems.
BP2.46 ROBUST SEMI-ANALYTICAL INTEGRATION OF
SINGULAR IMPEDANCE MATRIX ELEMENTS IN SURFACE INTEGRAL EQUATION SOLVERS
The
direct evaluation method tailored to the 4-D singular integrals arising in the
second-kind Fredholm surface integral equation formulations is presented. The
proposed scheme extends the existing singularity cancellation methods, often
used to tackle singular integrals, by utilizing a series of coordinate
transformations combined with the re-ordering of the integrations. The overall
algebraic manipulation results in a reduction of the dimensionality and the
final 2-D kernels comprise sufficiently smooth behavior, allowing a
straightforward treatment by standard quadrature rules. Numerical results
demonstrate that one of the main error sources of the surface integral
equations is undoubtedly cured.
BP2.47 NUMERICAL CALCULATION AND EXPERIMENTAL
VALIDATION OF RCS ANALYSIS FOR RADOME-ENCLOSED SCATTERER BY USING
PMCHWT-FORMULATION
This
paper investigates the accuracy of RCS analysis for radome-enclosed scatterer
by using the PMCHWT-formulation. The analysis method based on a surface
integral equation known as the PMCHWT-formulation is outlined shortly. We show
that calculated scattering cross section patterns of a dielectric coated
conducting sphere agree with exact solutions. Then a RCS pattern of an acrylic
hemisphere covered conducting disk is compared with measurement result.
Calculated RCS patterns of ellipsoidal radome-enclosed scatterer are also
presented. We verify the method of moments using the PMCHWT-formulation is
sufficiently accurate for RCS analysis of radome-enclosed scatterer.
BP2.48 FINITE ELEMENT MICROSTRIP ANTENNA
SIMULATOR (FEMAS)
S. C. Basaran, Y. Albayrak, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
In
this study, a FEM-based microstrip antenna simulator, namely FEMAS, has been
developed. The FEMAS allows analysis and design of three-dimensional microstrip
antenna elements and outcomes the related antenna parameters such as input
impedance, gain, and radiation pattern. In the paper, the FEM formulation is overviewed
and the features of FEMAS are presented. Also, The return loss characteristics
of a microstrip antenna achieved by means of FEMAS and Ansoft HFSS are
presented.
BP2.49 ON THE CHANGE IN ELECTROSTATIC
POTENTIAL ENERGY DUE TO THE INTRODUCTION OF AN ADDITIONAL CONDUCTOR
C. Sohl, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
This
paper generalizes a result in the classical textbook by Stratton regarding the
change in electrostatic potential energy due to the introduction of a conductor
$S_0$ into a fixed system of $n$ conductors of arbitrary shape. The change in
electrostatic potential energy is rewritten as a surface integral over $S_0$
which connects the unperturbed problem (the electrostatic setting before $S_0$
is introduced) and the perturbed problem (the electrostatic setting after $S_0$
is introduced). The surface integral is verified by means of variable
separation of Laplace's equation in bi-spherical coordinates.
Session Chairs: Franz Kaertner, Smail Tedjini
Session DP3
Type Poster Presentation
Schedule Thursday, August 18, 16:00-19:00
Room Poster Area
DP3.1 UNIFIED MODEL FOR ELECTRICAL AND
OPTICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A TRANSISTOR LASER WITH INGAAS QUANTUM WELL AND DOT
IN GAAS BASE
R. Basu, B. Mukhopadhyay, P. K. Basu, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
A
unified model is developed for a Transistor Laser synthesizing the model for
gain and threshold current of a strained quantum well laser considering 2D
density-of-states, momentum matrix element, lineshape functions etc with the
expressions for terminal currents in a heterobipolar transistor obtained by
solving continuity equation. The calculated threshold base current for InGaAs
QW embedded in GaAs base agrees with the experimental value. The light power is
of the same order as the experimental value in view of coupling loss. The model
extended for single layer of Quantum Dots yields an order of magnitude lower
threshold current.
DP3.2 SIMULTANEOUS SLOW AND FAST LIGHT
B. Luo, H. Guo, Peking University, Beijing, China
Dispersion
properties of an optical medium can be greatly changed using electromagnetically
induced transparency (EIT) and other nonlinear effects. Thus, the group
velocity of light pulse can be much smaller (greater or even negative) than
light speed in vacuum, which is called slow (fast) light. Slow and fast light
are very useful in optical processing, such as optical buffer, switching, and
storage devices. Usually, slow and fast light cannot be generated
simultaneously in the same medium. In this paper, we propose applicable level
structures to generate controllable slow and fast light simultaneously at two
frequencies, with the same polarization.
DP3.3 INVESTIGATION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF
AN OPTICALLY GENERATED RF LOCAL OSCILLATOR SIGNAL IN KU BAND DVB-S SYSTEMS
The
purpose of our investigation is to replace the internal LO in the LNB of a
standard DVB-S reception system and produce this signal externally by optical
heterodyning of two lasers and distribute it optically. We also report the
progress on the development of the distributed feedback (DFB) lasers to be used
in the heterodyne process. In this paper the feasibility of such a novel system
to provide LO signal for a Ku band PAA reception system is investigated. We
analyze and experimentally demonstrate the requirement of the specifications of
the optically-generated LO to comply the electronic LO.
DP3.4 NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF LIGHT
SCATTERING BY COUPLED PLASMONIC NANOSPHERES USING A HIGH-ACCURACY MULTIDOMAIN
LEGENDRE PSEUDOSPECTRAL TIME-DOMAIN METHOD
A
high-numerical-accuracy multidomain Legendre pseudospectral time-domain (PSTD)
method is utilized to study the three-dimensional problem of light scattering by
coupled metallic nanospheres and associated plasmonic resonances. With the
multidomain technique, the simulation environment is partitioned into
curvilinear hexahedral subdomains that well match material interfaces, which is
an essential treatment to assure numerical accuracy, particularly, in
near-field calculations. Cross sections are accurately calculated for studying
the effects of different sphere radii and spacings. Interactions between two
silver spheres are investigated for different incident wave propagation
directions and polarizations. Electric near fields at plasmon resonances are
examined.
DP3.5 COMPACT AND MULTI-RESONANT PLASMONIC
METAMATERIALS BASED ON NANO-APERTURES
We
investigate a nano-aperture based plasmonic metamaterial by integrating the U-
and T-shaped nano-aperture antennas in a compact geometry. We experimentally
and numerically demonstrate the physical origin of the multi-resonant behavior
of the UT-shaped nano-aperture based metamaterials. We also determine the
parameter dependence of the proposed nano-aperture antennas. Due to its compact
geometry, multi-spectral response, and enhanced near field distributions, our
design offers greater flexibility in applications of subwavelength lithography,
wavelength-tunable filters, optical modulators, ultrafast switching devices,
and biosensing.
DP3.6 NEAR-FIELD CONTROL OF OPTICAL
BISTABILITY IN A NANOCAVITY.
We
show here that the optical bistability of a nonlinear nanoresonator can be
efficiently controlled by manipulating dynamically the resonance of the optical
cavity with a near-field tip. We demonstrate experimentally that the operating
regime of the nanocavity can be switched between the monostable and the
bistable regimes. Finally, we propose an analytical model which provides a
clear understanding of the whole nonlinear opto-mechanical system reported
here.
DP3.7 ELECTRO-OPTICS AS A VERSATILE
TECHNIQUE FOR NON-INVASIVE VECTORIAL SENSING OF ELECTRIC FIELDS
We
here present the most recent advances in electro-optics (EO) dedicated to
non-invasive characterization of electric fields. We develop E-field sensors
exploiting the Pockels effect. These pigtailed transducers are fully dielectric.
While the sensitivity reaches 1 V.m−1.Hz−1/2, the bandwidth covers
more than 8 decades of frequency. The spatial resolution is greater than 100
μm. A complete analysis of these sensors will be presented as well as some
examples in different research areas: 2D mapping of guided waves, transient
evolution of disruptive E-Field, SAR measurements in biologic media, . . .
DP3.8 COUPLING EVANESCENTLY LOW LOSS
SILICON-ON-INSULATOR (SOI) RIDGE WAVEGUIDES(WGS) INCLUDING HIGH Q NANOCAVITIES:
FOR LIGHT CONTROL
We
have fabricated a multislotted optical nanoresonator with several spatial field
distributions which are all addressable by the wavelength. The reported
structure consists in an array of evanescently coupled single mode photonic
crystal nanocavities. By using a scanning near-field optical microscope, we
quantify the morphology of the different optical mode volumes and show that
they consist in grids of light confined at the subwavelength scale. Over the
last recent years, optical microcavities have proven their ability to slow
down, control and even trap light inside an ultra small volume.
DP3.9 ABOUT SOME ISSUES OF LASER
FLUORESCENCE
Nowadays,
the spectral optic methods for discovering and studying mineral oils in the
water are widely applied to and their principle advantage towards other methods
is their express-diagnostics and remote sounding. The difference is even
between optic methods. One of them is the method of laser fluorescence. There
are lots of organic compounds in the nature exposing special characteristics
after optical excitation, they start radiating fluorescence. The fluorescence
spectrums are created simultaneously and they represent the spectrums of
signals created from both, oil and organic compounds.
DP3.10 SOURCE MONITOR IN QUANTUM KEY
DISTRIBUTION
The
core value of a quantum-key-distribution (QKD) system is the unconditional
security. In the standard security analysis, the characteristics of QKD source
are assumed to be known and fixed. In a real QKD experiment, this assumption
may be deviated. Especially, in commercial Plug&Play QKD system, the source
is untrusted. Source monitor can close this security loophole. This paper
analyzes passive source-monitor scheme, and shows that this scheme can be well
implemented in practice.
Poster: Metamaterials and Microwave Techniques
Session Chairs: Franz Kaertner, Smail Tedjini
Session DP4
Type Poster Presentation
Schedule Thursday, August 18, 16:00-19:00
Room Poster Area
DP4.1 A DUAL-RESONANT METAMATERIALS
COMPOSED OF ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELD-COUPLED RESONATORS
In
this paper, electromagnetic-field-coupled resonators are introduced and
investigated. The electric mode at lower frequency and magnetic mode at higher
frequency, originated from coupling of the electric field and magnetic field,
are validated through a measurement inparallel-plate waveguide system,
parameter retrieval algorithm and surface currents distributions. The new
resonators with distinct electric resonance as well as magnetic resonance could
provide us a new way to design double negative material.
DP4.2 FREQUENCY AGILE METAMATERIAL-BASED
DIRECTIVE CAVITY ANTENNAS
This
paper deals with the modeling and characterization of a broadband frequency
agile metamaterial-based cavity antenna around 2 GHz. An electronically active
metasurface is used as a Partially Reflecting Surface (PRS) and the cavity is
excited by an array of four wideband L-strip fed printed microstrip patch
antennas. A reconfigurable resonance frequency between 1.9 and 2.31 GHz is
obtained and a directivity of 18 dBi is observed for a cavity thickness of
lambda/10 at 2 GHz.
DP4.3 EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF AN
ULTRA-DIRECTIVE EMISSION BASED ON TRANSFORMATION OPTICS CONCEPT
This
paper deals with the modelling, practical implementation and characterization
of an ultra-directive antenna around 10 GHz. The design of the antenna is based
on transformation optics concept by transforming a radiating cylindrical space
into a rectangular one. Metamaterials presenting electric and magnetic
resonances are used to achieve the transformation. Field intensity mappings and
direct far field measurements are performed to experimentally demonstrate the
narrow beam profile.
DP4.4 TAPER OF METAMATERIALS DESIGNED BY
OPTICAL TRANSFORMATION
In
this paper, we present a numerical study of a mode adapter that transitions
light from a wide SOI waveguide to a narrower one. The device has been designed
using the technique of transformation optics and consists of a thin sheet of
anisotropic medium directly placed on top of the Si slab. We demonstrate that
this sheet effectively controls the flow of energy propagating in the Si slab
and that the structure can be potentially implemented by patterning a single
layer of planar optical metamaterial on the SOI waveguide.
DP4.5 ANALYSIS OF CYLINDRICALLY CONFORMAL
PATCH ANTENNAS ON ISOIMPEDANCE ANISOTROPIC SUBSTRATES
H. Odabasi, F. L. Teixeira, The Ohio State University, Columbus, United States
We
study the performance of conformal patch antennas on isoimpedance anisotropic
substrates for cylindrical surfaces. These substrates are specifically designed
to increase the effective (electrical) height of the substrate without
producing surface waves. It is shown that antennas placed on top of such
substrates can maintain their characteristics while reducing the overall antenna
profile whereas traditional dielectric substrates suffer from intensified
surface wave excitation. Moreover the isoimpedance feature of such substrates
can also be used to reduce the mutual coupling between array elements. A
comparative study for different dielectric constants is also performed.
DP4.6 MINIATURIZATION OF U-SHAPED
MULTI-BAND METAMATERIAL STRUCTURES
In
this study, transmission characteristics of single-sided and double-sided (in
broadside-coupled configuration) U-shaped multiple ring resonators (UMRR) are investigated
on a comparative basis for the purpose of miniaturization. Transmission spectra
of both single and double sided UMRR topologies are computed by CST Microwave
Studio for the special cases of unit cells with single ring and double
concentric rings. Although all these unit cells have exactly the same physical
size, simulation results have revealed that broadside-coupled UMRR topologies
provide much smaller resonance frequencies (hence considerably smaller
electrical sizes) as compared to their single-sided counterparts.
DP4.7 ABSORPTIVE FREQUENCY SELECTIVE
RADOME
F. Costa, A. Monorchio, Universit di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
A
frequency selective radome is presented, acting as a pass band filter at a
given frequency band, while behaving as an absorber out of the operating band.
The reflection band of the FSS filter is used as the ground plane of a outer
wideband absorber based on resistive high-impedance surfaces. The absorber,
which reduces the signature of the antenna system illuminated by out of band
signals, comprises a resistive FSS designed to minimize losses within the
transmitting band of the radome. The composite structure is thoroughly analyzed
by an efficient equivalent circuit approach and by full-wave numerical
simulations.
DP4.9 OPTICALLY TRANSPARENT GROUND PLANES
WITH HIGH ORDER RESPONSE USING MINIATURIZED ELEMENT FREQUENCY SELECTIVE
SURFACES
K. Sarabandi, M. Kashanifar, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
In
this paper design of a multi-pole wide band optically transparent ground plane
is considered. Challenges of the design by stacking multiple layers of single
pole miniaturized element frequency selective surfaces are explained. An
alternate arrangement of the layers and spacing between the layers is proposed.
A three-pole transparent ground plane is designed band fabricated based on the
proposed technique. The performance of the designed ground plane using
analytical and computational methods is evaluated experimentally and excellent
agreement is demonstrated.
DP4.10 FABRICATION OF DOUBLE MESA STRUCTURES
BY E-BEAM LITHOGRAPHY ON HIGH TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTOR BI2SR2CACU2O8+δ
(BI2212) FOR POWERFUL TERAHERTZ EMISSION
We
fabricate a frequency tunable solid state device to meet the needs of
continuous coherent powerful terahertz emission sources that fills practically
important THz gap. High temperature superconducting coherently oscillating
Josephson junctions in Bi2212 crystal makes this approach very promising. We
annealed the Bi2212 single crystals in vacuum or purified argon gas flow at 425
oC to study doping dependence of THz emission. For further processing, we
pattern both single and double rectangular mesa structures by using electron
beam lithography and argon ion milling on the cleaved surface of the crystal.
Resistance versus temperature, and currentvoltage behavior measurements
achieved.
DP4.11 CHARACTERIZATION OF AUTOEMISSION
REFLECTION FOR PRECISE RADIOMETER CALIBRATION
A. J. Gasiewski, D. Kraft, V. Leuski, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
Calibration
of spaceborne microwave radiometers to precisions required for assessing
climate trends requires biases less than 0.05 K to be identified. The use of
warm pyramidal blackbody targets closely coupled to the radiometer antenna to
establish thermal reference points has become standard for this purpose, although
the effects of small standing waves generated by the radiometer itself can be
considerable. We show these effects using a 55-GHz radiometer and precision
scanned pyramidal target, along with coherent processing of the detected power.
The study illustrates the importance of the radiometer front-end architecture
in minimizing standing wave biases.
DP4.12 RESULTS FROM DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS
FOR MITIGATING THE IMPACT OF TROPICAL RAIN ATTENUATION ON MILLIMETER-WAVE
BROADBAND WIRELESS ACCESS
This
paper provides a report on a continuing research project on the development of
rain attenuation mitigation techniques for millimeter-wave wireless access to
be implemented in tropical regions characterized by heavy rain events. The
study is divided into three facets, namely, modeling of rain attenuation,
designing of adaptive mitigation schemes, and cross-layer optimization of
millimeter-wave broadband access network. The reported results are those
obtained since 2009 comprising progresses in the three facets.
DP4.13 PRINTING A NOVEL COMPACT TRIPLE-BAND
MONOPOLE ANTENNA ON CERAMIC SUBSTRATE
A
novel miniaturized monopole antenna was designed on the 0.4mm- thickness Al2O3
ceramic substrate and a printed method that generated minimal environmental
pollution was used to get the designed pattern. For the proposed triple-band
antenna, the compact W-shaped electrode with different length in three arms was
used as radiation pattern. Owing to the higher dielectric constant of Al2O3,
the size of the triple-band antenna was minimized to 30 mm x20 mm. The novel
triple-band monopole antenna was proposed to operate at 2.4 (WLAN), 3.5 GHz
(WiMAX), and 5.2 GHz (WLAN).
Session Chairs: Christos Christopoulos, Alexander van Deursen
Session EP2
Type Poster Presentation
Schedule Thursday, August 18, 16:00-19:00
Room Poster Area
EP2.1 WAVEFORM DIVERSITY AND COMPATIBILITY
Waveform
diversity in multistatic radar systems can enhance distributed radar system
performance. Dynamically changing the electromagnetic emanations of radar and
communications systems however poses an electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)
challenge. Data are provided illustrating how waveform diversity improves
multistatic radar system performance. An approach for maintaining EMC in a
dynamically changing environment is also provided.
EP2.2 EVALUATION OF UNCERTAINTY IN
ELECTROMAGNETIC DISTURBANCE MEASUREMENT IN THE 1 - 18 GHZ RANGE
T. Tosaka, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Tokyo, Japan
The
dispersion of the measurement of electromagnetic disturbance above 1 GHz is
mainly affected by site imperfections (expressed by SVSWR). To evaluate the
uncertainty in electromagnetic disturbance measurements at 1 - 18 GHz, we
measured SVSWR and the field strength at 9 measurement site. From our result,
the measured field strength at each measurement site was observed in the range
of 2 sigma that derived from measured SVSWR, and we confirmed the relationship
between SVSWR and the measured field strength. Using the relationship, we can
determine the measurement uncertainty of measured field strength at test site.
EP2.3 CONSISTENT ANALYSIS AND RIGOROUS
CHARACTERIZATION OF INFINITE GRAPHENE LAYERS VIA A SUBCELL FREQUENCY-DEPENDENT
FDTD TECHNIQUE
A
finite-difference time-domain methodology combined with a robust subcell
formulation for the precise analysis of infinite graphene sheets is introduced.
The graphene surface conductivity is modeled through a volume conductivity
profile, with the pertinent periodic boundary conditions applied to the unit
cells lateral surfaces. Moreover, a set of linearly-polarized normally-incident
wideband pulses excites the computational domain, while the graphenes
dispersive nature is described by an auxiliary differential equation concept.
The novel algorithm is validated via several configurations and a demanding
optical visibility problem, whose numerical results, compared to closed-form
expressions, are very satisfactory.
EP2.4 CHARACTERISTICS OF NIGHTTIME
WEST-TO-EAST VLF WAVES PROPAGATION USING THE SOUTH AMERICA VLF NETWORK (SAVNET)
J.-P. Raulin, J. Samanes, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, So Paulo, SP, Brazil
We
present the monitoring of ~ 4 years of daily VLF amplitude curves using two
parallel propagation paths from the South America VLF Network (SAVNET). The
time of occurrence (Terminator Times) of deep amplitude minima were measured.
We discuss typical properties of West-to-East VLF subionospheric propagation
like the seasonal effect on the temporal evolution of Terminator Times, the
fact that they are simultaneously detected on parallel propagation paths, and
the derivation of the undisturbed nighttime ionospheric height. The method
known as the terminator time method is also a promising way of looking for
possible seismic-electromagnetic effects.
EP2.5 PRACTICAL USE THE SATELLITE LOW
FREQUENCY WAVE EXPERIMENT RESULTS
V. I. Larkina, IZMIRAN, Troitsk of Moscow region, Russian Federation
Results
of the registration of low-frequency emissions intensity, speed of the account
quasytrapped and precipitation electrons with energy Ee≥40 keV and
density and temperature of ionosphere plasma on the satellite altitude are
discussed. By results of researches the complex picture of development of
geomagnetic disturbances and storms in low-frequency emissions has been
constructed. The complex picture of change of low frequency emissions and other
ionosphere plasma parameters has been constructed by preparation and
development of processes of seismic activity and earthquakes. Variations of
parameters of low frequency emissions reflect environmental contamination
processes.
EP2.6 STUDY OF HUMAN BODY TRANSMISSION
CHARACTERISTIC AS NONUNIFORM MEDIUM
D. Shi, Beijng University of posts & telecommunications, Beijing, China
Human
body transmission characteristic is investigated as nonuniform medium. The body
is divided into multilayer and modeled with nonuniform transmission line. The
analytical result is obtained with this simple and novel method. Numerical
simulation is applied to validate this analytical method. The difference
between them is within 0.01V/m
EP2.7 EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF THE
SENSITIVITY TO INTERFERENCES IN GEOGRAPHICAL UNLICENSED WIRELESS NETWORKS
D. Brunazzi, R. Stefanelli, D. Trinchero, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
Local
and Metropolitan Wireless Networks are often implemented to provide basic
connectivity services, especially in areas without a wired infrastructure.
Unlicensed wireless networks have low realization cost, but several limitations
caused by regulatory, power restrictions and presence of interferences. The
paper analyses the possibility to increase the insensitivity to interferences
by introducing new constraints on the antenna pattern and adopting transmission
diversity techniques. To this purpose, a network has been realized, providing
coverage to a rural area in Piedmont, Italy: network performance has been
monitored and characterized, in terms of coverage capabilities, signal quality,
data delivery throughput, and noise immunity.
EP2.8 PERFORMANCES OF MAGNETIC FIELD
SHIELDING MATERIALS FOR ROADBED RECHARGING VEHICLE BY 20 KHZ MAGNETIC FIELD
COUPLING
Roadbed
recharging is wireless energy transmission to the batteries in the vehicles by
20 kHz magnetic field induction. Although it needs very strong magnetic field
from the embedded power lines along the road for recharging, it is necessary to
shield the emanating magnetic field in the booth of the transportation system.
The proper material for shielding the 20 kHz magnetic field in the vehicle
booth is investigated by numerical analyses and by experimental measurements.
EP2.9 ELECTROMAGNETIC COUPLING TO CURVED
THICK WIRES
J. B. Nitsch, S. V. Tkachenko, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
The
full-wave transmission line theory of the authors for thick, straight, and
cylindrical wires is extended to those which are curved. It is assumed that the
center line of the cylinder is located in the y-z plane. Therefore in the
geometrical description of this thick wire only curvature of the center line
will occur. Torsion is absent. Analytical solutions for special plane wave and
ring source excitations are discussed. Keywords: Transmission line, high
frequencies, thick curved wires.
EP2.10 SAMPLING DISTRIBUTIONS FOR UNDERMODED
MODE-STIRRED REVERBERATION CHAMBERS
We
derive the sampling probability density function (pdf) of a nonlocal random
electromagnetic field, field amplitude and intensity in an undermoded chamber,
i.e., in a statistically inhomogeneous time-varying environment generated by a
combined spatio-temporal stochastic process. The inhomogeneous field is
represented as a subset (sample) of a homogeneous field (ensemble). The sample
statistics of the inhomogeneous field are governed by the number of spatial
degrees of freedom, in addition to the number of temporal (stir) degrees of
freedom.
FP2 – Poster Session 2 – Focus: Propagation
Session Chairs: Piotr Sobieski, Emanoel Costa
Session FP2
Type Poster Presentation
Schedule Thursday, August 18, 16:00-19:00
Room Poster Area
FP2.1 SINGLE AND JOINT STATISTICS OF
DUCTING LAYER PARAMETERS DETERMINED FROM VERTICAL PROFILES OF ATMOSPHERIC
REFRACTIVITY
Vertical
profiles of atmospheric refractivity measured on 150 m mast are fitted with a
modified Webster duct model. Time series of duct model parameters are obtained
with one minute resolution. Empirical single and joint statistics of duct model
parameters are determined from 7 month data. Interrelations between the duct
parameters are discussed.
FP2.2 MICROWAVE ATTENUATION SPECTRA OF
FOREST CROWNS
Super
wide band waveguide transition system has been designed for measuring microwave
attenuation by trees fragments in the frequency range 0.8 8.5 GHz. Field active
measurements has been conducted that has provided data on attenuation by single
trees in the frequency range 0.472.1 GHz. The data obtained has been compared
with several data sets on attenuation properties of forests reported earlier. A
simple formula has been proposed for microwave intensity extinction rate. The
model coefficients have been found from regression analysis of experimental
data.
FP2.3 ASSESSMENT OF EVAPORATION DUCT
PROPAGATION SIMULATION
Evaporation
duct strongly influence microwave radars and communication systems. For
evaluation of their performance combination of split-step parabolic equation
and Monin-Obukhov similarity theory are usual approach. There are several
models for evaporation duct refractivity estimation based on Monin-Obukhov
similarity theory. Five of them were analysed in this paper. The best result
was showed by European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast model and for
other models "effective" evaporation duct heights was lower then obtained
from bulk measurements. It means that combination of these models and
split-step parabolic equation method leads to overestimation of propagation
factor values.
FP2.4 INTER-COMPARISON OF WET TRPOSPHERIC
CORRECTIONS APPLIED IN COASTAL ALTIMETRY
M. Antonita, R. Sharma, Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad,Gujrat, India
The
range measurements from the altimeter are associated with a large number of
geophysical corrections which needs special attention near coasts and the
shallow water regions. The corrections due to ionosphere, dry and wet
troposphere are of primary importance in altimetry. Water vapor dominates the
wet tropospheric corrections which is more complex with higher spatio-temporal
variations thus needs a careful attention near coasts. In the present study the
corrections due to water vapor estimated from radiosonde measurements near the
coastal regions are compared with the model estimated corrections applied in
the altimeter range measurements.
FP2.5 THE CHANGE OF RECTANGULAR, SINUSOIDAL AND BI-EXPONENTIAL IMPULSE OUTSKIRTS DURING PROPAGATING IN DISPERSIVE PLASMA
N. K. Gomidze, M. R. Khajishvili, I. N. Jabnidze, Z. J. Surmanidze, Rustaveli State University, Batumi, Georgia
While
propagating waves in the dispersive plasma , the absorption of the energy of
electromagnetic waves significantly influences on the statistical
characteristics of the scattered radiation. The absorption may cause the
deformation of the power of radiation spectrum while discussing the asymmetric
problem. In the point of view of the practical usage, it is interesting to
discuss the cases when the source and receiver antennas are located on the
different sides of chaotically inhomogeneous absorptive layers. The statistical
modeling will be fulfilled for different coefficient of the absorption.
Session Chairs: John Mathews , Frederic Pitout
Session GP2
Type Poster Presentation
Schedule Thursday, August 18, 16:00-19:00
Room Poster Area
GP2.1 COMPARISON OF VARIOUS METHODS TO
CONTROL CONDITIONS OF RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION IN THE IONOSPHERE
Conditions
of radio wave propagation in the ionosphere can be described and controlled in
various ways: 1) a model of the ionosphere, 2) critical frequencies from the
vertical sounding data, 3) critical frequencies obtained using the values of
the total electron content TEC, 4) maximum observed frequencies for a
particular path, 5) values of plasma concentration, measured by satellite.
Comparison of these data on real path using the IRI model, global TEC maps,
CHAMP PLP experimental data shows that the conditions for the propagation of
radio waves in the ionosphere can be controlled by an equivalent thickness of
the ionosphere.
GP2.2 CALCULATION OF MIDLATITUDE SPORADIC E
GROUP DELAY AS FUNCTION OF FREQUENCY
A. D. Akchurin, V. V. Bochkarev, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Tatarstan, Russian Federation
The
deep quasiperiodic variations in the part of frequency dependence of amplitude
of reflections from layer Es observed by Kazan ionosonde was discovered. The
analysis of height location of traces in an ionogram has shown that beatings
arise because of interference between o- and x-modes. For an explanation of
such interaction details a modeling is performed on the basis of calculations
of coefficient of reflection from Es a layer for conditions of Kazan. The W.K.B
solution has shown similarity of frequency dependences of a group delay from
the cosine electron density profile and from real ionogram.
GP2.3 FEATURES OF REFLECTION AT LIMITING
RANGE OF ONE-HOP RADIO-WAVES PROPAGATION FROM ES LAYER
Sporadic
E layer has essential influences on propagation of radio waves in decametric
range, both expanding range of working frequencies, and shielding reflection of
radio waves from overlying ionosphere. In report considered reflection of radio
waves from Es layer on a line Cyprus-Kazan in the extent of 2600 km, at range
of propagation limiting one-hop reflection for heights of arrangement of layer.
Researches were spent by method of LFM sounding. The explanation of received
results on expansion of usable range made on the basis of modeling reflections
from spatial gradients of density of electronic concentration in Es layer.
GP2.4 ANALYSIS OCCURENCE OF IONOSPHERIC
SCINTILLATION OVER EQUATORIAL AND LOW LATITUDE GEOMAGNETIC OVER INDONESIA
S. Ekawati, Space Science Apllication Center, LAPAN, Bandung, Indonesia
Strong
scintillations over Pontianak (0.2oN 109.20oE, geomagnetic latitude is 6.09oN),
and over Bandung (6.5oS 107.3oE, geomagnetic latitude is 16.5oS) was compared
to find out the spatial distribution of ionospheric scintillation. Data was
obtained from GISTM GSV4004B. Result showed the percentage occurrence of
scintillation over Pontianak was higher than Bandung, but on March and on
September, the occurrence of scintillation over Bandung higher than in
Pontianak. Furthermore, the scintillation occurrence in March-April is higher
than in September-October. Other result showed there was anomaly at August 16,
2010 related to solar activity.
GP2.5 IMPACT OF THE AURORAL IONOSPHERE ON
HF RADIO PROPAGATION
The
special features of passing of the radio signals on high-latitude HF paths
located inside the auroral zone by the data of complex experiments are
considered. These peculiarities are stipulated by the following geophysical
factors: the main ionospheric trough, the poleward edge of the trough, sporadic
formations in the ionospheric E- and F-regions, auroral absorption, strength of
geomagnetic activity. Studying the character of radio wave propagation is
fulfilled for the worst conditions from the viewpoint of the reliability
(probability) of the HF communication.
GP2.6 FREQUENCY DEPENDENCES OF REFLECTION
COEFFICIENT FROM ES LAYER AT OBLIQUE INCIDENCE
For
radio communication practice it is expedient to establish interrelation of
level of the signal reflected radio waves from the Es layer at oblique
incidence, with values of frequency parameters defined at vertical sounding
(VS) in the center of a path. There are analytical dependences of reflection
coefficient from value of limiting frequency foEs and foE, registered in radio
path center. Here we investigate the behavior of experimental values of Es
oblique sounding on 660 km radio path Moscow-Kazan at operating frequencies 5,
10, 15 and 20 MHz.
GP2.7 VHF VOICE AND DATA COMMUNICATIONS VIA
EQUATORIAL ELECTROJET SCATTERING: CHANNEL CHARACTERIZATION AND APPLICATION OF A
FREQUENCY DIVERSITY TECHNIQUE USING SOFTWARE-DEFINED RADIO TECHNOLOGY
N. P. Yoza, M. A. Milla, J. L. Chau, R. F. Alonso, Jicamarca Radio Observatory, Lima, Peru
The
Equatorial Electrojet (EEJ) is an ionospheric horizontal electron current
flowing along the magnetic Ecuador that can be used as a scattering media to
establish VHF radio communication links. The aim of this work is to
characterize the EEJ as a communication channel and to improve the quality of
voice and data communications using the frequency diversity technique. To
perform these studies, we have developed an EEJ communications simulator, whose
results have been verified experimentally in an EEJ radio link. In order to
improve these results, a new radio communication system based on
Software-Defined Radio technology is being developed.
GP2.8 MODELING VLF PROPAGATION IN THE
EARTH-IONOSPHERE WAVEGUIDE USING THE DISCONTINUOUS GALERKIN METHOD
Modeling
of scattering of very low frequency (VLF, 3-30 kHz) waves from ionospheric
disturbances remains a significant computational challenge due to the strong
inhomogeneity and anisotropy naturally present at these frequencies. The
discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method on unstructured grids can lead to to very
efficient formulations in strongly inhomogeneous materials. We discuss a
generic method to incorporate any linear, frequency-dependent permittivity or
permeability in the nodal DG framework (including PMLs, ferrites, and cold
plasmas) and apply the resulting scheme to modeling the VLF scattered field
from a density perturbation in the lower ionosphere.
GP2.9 PROPAGATION CHARACTERISTICS OF VLF
SIGNAL AND LIGHTNING SFERICS WITHIN EQUATORIAL EARTH-IONOSPHERE WAVEGUIDE
DURING TWO SOLAR ECLIPSES
A. Guha, B. K. De, R. Roy, A. Choudhury, Tripura University, Tripura, India
The
results of two solar eclipses, one on 22nd July, 2009 and another on 15th
January, 2010, on VLF propagation is presented. An average 80% drop in electron
density is found at a height of 71 km at the equatorial lower ionosphere. Also
the intensity of sferics from lightning at different frequencies is found to
increase during both the eclipses. The spectral variations of sferics increment
in both the eclipses are almost identical having a correlation coefficient of
0.88. The results are explained on the basis of decrease in electron density at
the lower ionosphere.
GP2.10 A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF VLF SIGNALS FROM
SEVERAL TRANSMITTERS AROUND THE WORLD AS OBSERVED FROM MAITRI STATION,
ANTARCTICA
To
examine the behavior of sunrise and sunset terminators, solar activities in the
polar region and seismo-ionospheric correlations, one Stanford AWESOME VLF
receiving system was installed at the Indian permanent Antarctic station
Maitri. Data was recorded successfully from several transmitters. The
narrowband signals show variation of solar radiations and signatures of the
prolonged day and night. We compare the signal of frequency 18.2 kHz with same
received signal at Kolkata and present the results of sunrise and sunset
terminators. We compare diurnal signal amplitude with the LWPC model. We
present the broadband signal contains the signature of sferics.
GP2.11 DURATION OF WAVE DISTURBANCES GENERATED
BY SOLAR TERMINATOR IN MAGNETO-CONJUGATE AREAS
We
consider a possible explanation of long duration of travelling wave packets
(TWPs) generated by solar terminator (ST). We suggest a hypothesis about
consecutive detecting of MHD-nature disturbances, generated by ST in
magneto-conjugate area first and in observation area next. Registration
beginning time depends on latitude. In summer in Japan TWP registration starts
with ST arriving in magneto-conjugate region about 2-3 hours depending on
latitude before ST arrives to the observation point. Dynamic spectra show
clearly additive character of registered disturbances. ST appearance over the
registration point accompanies amplitude increment on TWP frequencies in
spectrum.
GP2.12 VLF STUDY OF IONOSPHERIC PROPERTIES
DURING SOLAR FLARES OF VARIED INTENSITY FOR A FIXED PROPAGATION PATH
Deviations
of sub-ionospheric VLF signal amplitude due to solar flares of several energy
classes have been computed for the VLF signal propagating along the VTX-Kolkata
baseline. Using Long Wave Propagation Capability Code (LWPC), the variation of
the effective height h′ and steepness β parameters have been
computed for X, M and C classes of solar flares. We compute the temporal
variation of the electron number density.
GP2.13 VLF OBSERVATIONAL RESULTS OF TOTAL
ECLIPSE OF 22ND JULY, 2009 BY ICSP TEAM
Solar
eclipses provide us with exciting opportunity to study the VLF propagation
effects under a controlled experiment in a cosmic scale. During the total
eclipse of July 22nd, 2009, we conducted a campaign to obtain the data from
more than a dozen places. We observe that in several places the signal
amplitude is amplified, while in other places the amplitude is reduced. In yet
other places, there are ups and downs in the signal during the obscuration
period. In this paper, we present the results of our campaign during the total
solar eclipse.
GP2.14 VLF OBSERVATION OF A SOLAR FLARE BY
LUNAR OCCULTATION DURING ANNULAR SOLAR ECLIPSE OF JANUARY 15TH, 2010
We
report the results of monitoring the NWC transmitter from Khukurdaha (~ 80 km
away from Kolkata) during the partial solar eclipse of 15th January, 2010. The
receiving station and the transmitter were on two opposite sides of the annular
eclipse belt. We got clear depression in data during the period of partial
eclipse. However, most extraordinarily, there was a solar flare on that day
during the time when eclipse was near maximum. We saw the occultation of this
flare by the moons limb. To our knowledge this is the first such incident where
solar flare was observed through lunar occultation.
GP2.15 RESULTS OF VLF CAMPAIGNS IN SUMMER AND
WINTER IN INDIAN SUBCONTINENT
VLF
propagation effects can be understood using the earth-ionosphere waveguide.
However due to emergence of the new fields such as VLF Astronomy where the
ionosphere is treated as a giant detector for extraterrestrial energetic
phenomena and the seismo-electromagnetism where the disturbances of this giant
detector is influenced by terrestrial events, especially earthquakes and other
seismic activities. In order to interpret observed data correctly, we need to
have the basic propagation characteristics throughout India. In this paper, we
concentrate on the results of the VLF campaigns we conducted using over a dozen
receiving stations in Summer and in Winter.
GP2.16 MODELING VLF SIGNAL AMPLITUDES OVER
INDIAN SUB-CONTINENT DURING THE TOTAL SOLAR ECLIPSE
We
present the simulation results incorporating the effect of solar eclipse (22nd
July, 2009) on VLF signals for West-East propagation path with respect to Indian
Navy transmitter (VTX) assuming a Gaussian variation of the ionospheric
reflection height as a function of propagation distance along the
transmitter-receiver great circle path. We use both the wave-hop and the Long
Wave Propagation Capability (LWPC) codes. Using wave-hop theory we found that a
reasonable matching between the observed and simulated results are achieved.
GP2.17 COMPUTATION OF THE EFFECTS OF SOLAR
PHENOMENA ON GLOBAL IONOSPHERIC WEATHER USING WAVE GUIDE MODE THEORY OF VLF
PROPAGATION
The
sub-ionospheric VLF signal strength varies significantly with place and time.
The solar eclipse and regular solar terminator motion effects on the Global
Ionospheric Weather (GIW) and hence the VLF propagation. It has been simulated
considering wave guide mode theory of VLF radio signal propagation along
various transmitter to receiver great circular paths. Using Long Wave
Propagation Capability code, the mode theoretical results are obtained. To
estimate the ionospheric weather changes by VLF technique during a total solar
eclipse, a three dimensional model of disk obscuration & its ionospheric
consequences has been constructed.
GP2.18 VERY LOW FREQUENCY DETECTION OF
IONOSPHERIC DISTURBANCES DUE TO GRB 090424
We
report the detection of a Gamma Ray Burst GRB 090424 through the Very Low Frequency
(VLF) signal at three receiving stations. VLF data recorded corresponding to
18.2 kHz at Salt Lake, ICSP and Malda situated on somewhat different
propagation paths. Double peaks are seen in Very Low Frequency signals.
However, because of slower response of the ionosphere the initial strong peaks
were not resolved. All the three VLF receivers got almost the same nature. We
verified that there were no other disturbances (e.g. from solar flares) during
this period of observation.
GP2.19 IONOSPHERIC ANOMALIES POSSIBLY
ASSOCIATED WITH M ≥ 6 EARTHQUAKES IN JAPAN DURING 1998-2011: CASE STUDIES
AND STATISTICAL STUDY
K. Hattori, S. Kon, M. Nishihashi, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
In
this paper, we investigate earthquake-relayed ionospheric anomalies in time
series and perform case studies and a cstatistical test by using total electron
content (TEC) derived from global ionosphere maps (GIM). The normalized GIM-TEC
(GIMTEC*), which is computed based on 15 days backward running mean of GIM-TEC,
have been investigated. The results show positive TEC anomalies appear 1-5 days
before all the above earthquakes in case studies. The statistical result over
1998-2010 indicates the significance of the ositive TEC anomalies 1−5
days before earthquakes within 1000 km from the epicenter around Japan.
GP2.20 PC3 PULSATIONS DURING PERIODS OF LOW
SOLAR WIND DENSITY
We
study the generation of Pc3 pulsations during intervals of low solar wind (SW)
density. The main driver of Pc3's is ULF waves generated upstream of the bow
shock by a plasma instability set up due to the reflection of ion beams from
the bow shock. An investigation into the dependence of Pc3's on SW density is
made; it is found to only influence Pc3 generation during low density periods.
We derive the growth rate of the instability responsible for upstream waves,
and show that damping occurs for low density, inhibiting generation of UW's and
Pc3's.
GP2.21 A STATISTICAL STUDY OF GEOMAGNETIC
FIELD LINE RESONANCE PROPERTIES
The
propagation of ultra low frequency (ULF) waves from the magnetosphere to the
ground where they are usually detected is greatly affected by the ionosphere.
The ionosphere presents a conducting interface between the magnetosphere and
atmosphere. In this work the CHAMP satellite and Hermanus (HER) ground station
magnetic field measurements data is used to test magnetohydrodynamics (MHD)
theoretical predictions. This paper aims to illustrate the effect of the
ionospheric currents on the propagation ULF waves in the Earths magnetosphere.
This is attempted by studying field line resonance (FLR) events observed at
Hermanus and by CHAMP satellite on crossing HER latitude.
GP2.22 COMPUTATION OF AMPLITUDE AND PHASE OF
VLF RADIO WAVES: RESULTS FROM COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN WAVE-HOP AND WAVEGUIDE
MODE THEORY
We
present a comparative study of the wave-hop theory and waveguide mode theory
(namely, Long Wave- length Propagation Capability (LWPC)) for computing the
amplitude and phase of VLF signals in the context of Indian sub-continent. We
use the Indian Navy VTX station transmitting at 18.2 kHz as an exam- ple of the
source and compute the propagation characteristics. We further compared the
azimuthal variation (0-3600 ) of attenuation rate and phase velocity of
VTX-signal at day and night using LWPC (Version 2.0) code and modified LWPC
code which includes International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) model.
GP2.23 QUASI PERIODIC ECHOES INDUCED BY A
PARTIAL SOLAR ECLIPSE
The
observations of mid-latitude quasi-periodic (QP) echoes during the partial
solar eclipse on 22 July, 2009, using the MU radar at Shigaraki (34.85N,
136.1E) are presented. The rapid reduction in the E-region density, caused by
the eclipse exposes long-lived metallic ions within Sporadic E-layers making it
conducive for gradient drift instability. These echoes resemble the normal
post-sunset QP echoes observed over mid-latitudes. The observations confirm
that mid‐latitude Es plasma process is mainly
controlled by density gradients. reveals a hitherto unobserved aspect of
mid-latitude ionospheric responses to eclipses.
GP2.24 INVESTIGATION OF LARGE-SCALE WAVE-LIKE
IONOSPHERIC DISTURBANCES OVER SIBERIAN REGION OF RUSSIA USING OBLIQUE-INCIDENCE
SOUNDING DATA
In
this paper we study morphological peculiarities of wave-like ionospheric
disturbances with period 1-2 hours and spatial dimentions more than 1000
kilometers. We use oblique-incidence ionospheric sounding data obtained over
Siberian region of Russia during several monthly duration experiments in
2006-2010 years. Large-scale travelling ionospheric disturbances recorded in
geomagnetically disturbed and geomagnetically quiet conditions over East
Siberian region of Russia are investigated. The connection between large-scale
travelling ionospheric disturbances and small-scale ionospheric structures is
mentioned.
GP2.25 STUDY OF LARGE-SCALE TRAVELING
IONOSPHERIC DISTURBANCES USING THE DATA OF SUPERDARN HOKKAIDO RADAR AND RUSSIAN
CHIRP SOUNDING NETWORK
In
the paper a study of the large-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances
observed on March 17, 2007 is presented. The TIDs main parameters were
estimated using the data of SuperDARN Hokkaido radar and Russian chirp sounding
network separately. The comparison of the estimations shows some discrepancies
in propagation direction that can be explained by convex shape of the TID`s
front.
GP2.26 THE IONOSPHERE RESPONSE TO SOLAR
ECLIPSE ON JANUARY 4, 2011 BY MULTIINSTRUMENTAL RADIOPHISICAL OBSERVATIONS
The
ionosphere modification at mid-latitudes caused by the solar eclipse on January
4, 2011 is consider. The observations of ionosphere were carried out with
ionosonde and GPS receiver. To analyze the spatial and temporal changes of the
ionosphere the GNSS data was used. The eclipse was observed from 7.17 till
10.05 UT, maximal phase was registered at 8.39 UT, the obscuration coefficient
of 76.94%. The negative effect in foF2 and TEC was observed. The foF2 decrease
up to 1.6 times with delay ~10 min relative to the maximum phase. The
observation results are presented.
GP2.27 RADIO TOMOGRAPHY IMAGING BASED ON
NAVIGATION SYSTEMS
Methods
of radio tomography (RT) based on the low- and high-orbital navigational
systems and radio occultation data are considered. Examples of RT imaging of
the ionosphere in different regions of the world illustrate the use of
low-orbital and high-orbital radio tomography (LORT and HORT, respectively)
separately and in combination with each other. RT methods allow studying of
various ionospheric structures: troughs, travelling ionospheric disturbances
(TIDs), spots of enhanced ionizations, patches, blobs, wavelike structures,
manifestations of particle precipitation. The possibilities for the application
of RT systems together with other methods of UV and radio sounding are
discussed.
GP2.28 PIV MEASUREMENTS OF THE VECTOR VELOCITY
OF ESF OVER JICAMARCA
M. Urco, J. Chau, Jicamarca Radio Observatory, Lima, Peru
Several
techniques are used in order to measure the instantaneous turbulence velocity
of the equatorial spread-F (ESF). At Jicamarca, we have two operation modes to
study ESF: JULIA-CSR (Coherent Scatter Radar) and JULIA-Imaging. These modes
allow us to get vertical and horizontal velocity but not the displacement
vector of the turbulence observed. The majority of techniques do not allow us
to measure the turbulence displacement. In the present work, we will use
imaging data and a particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique to estimate the
vector velocity of the spread-F.
GP2.29 THE NEW METEOR RADAR AT PENN STATE
Penn
State has been developing advanced instruments and technologies for future
meteor radars, with primary objectives of making such instruments more capable
and cost effective to study basic properties of the global meteor flux, such as
average mass, velocity, and chemical composition. Using low-cost field
programmable gate arrays and open source software tools, we describe a
state-of-the art radar system that is both cost effective and efficient,
optimized to collect and display instantaneous profiles of atmospheric
parameters and climatology on a daily basis throughout the year. Overview of
the meteor radar system and emerging technologies are presented.
GP2.30 TRANSMITTER POWER STUDIES ON METEOR
RADAR HEAD ECHO RETURNS
Meteor
head echo intensities are typically recorded by high-power large-aperture
(HPLA) radar systems. These meteor observations have been analyzed extensively
to measure parameters such as Doppler velocities, composition and mass
estimates. The majority of observations conducted with these radar instruments
utilize the maximum available transmitter power in an attempt to obtain the
highest meteor flux rate. But there are not direct power law studies on the
role of transmitter power and the received backscatter signal. We present
observations from three HPLAs to better assess this effect. These results are
vital to estimating the Earth's total meteor flux.
GP2.31 THE ANALYSIS OF HF PROPAGATION BY MEANS
OF KIRCHHOFF INTEGRAL TECHNIQUES
C. J. Coleman, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
For
isotropic media, reciprocity relations can provide a foundation for techniques
for calculating radiowave propagation. These give rise to the well known
Kirchhoff integral methods and these have been successful for analysing
terrestrial propagation. It is shown in this paper that such techniques can
also be used for calculating propagation in the ionosphere when magneto-ionoic
effects can be ignored. In the case of non-isotropic media, however, there are
pseudo reciprocity relations that can also provide a foundation for techniques
for calculating propagation. Consequently, it is also possible to extend
Kirchhoff integral techniques to include magneto-ionic effects.
GP2.32 MORE ACCURATE DEFINITION OF THE
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE IONOSPHERIC RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION ACCORDING TO THE OS
MIR DATA
One
of the best ways to determine the parameters of the ionosphere and use them to
refine the model is to measure them with the orbit station. Results from one of
these experiments were obtained in 1999 on the OS Mir. This allowed to refine
characteristics of the ionospheric radio wave propagation such as foF2, M3000F2,
MUF3000F2 and others in areas inaccessible to ground-based sounding, in
particular, in the equatorial regions, and estimate the deviation of the model
from the experimental values.
GP2.33 A METHOD TO TEST HF RAY TRACING
ALGORITHM IN THE IONOSPHERE BY MEANS OF THE VIRTUAL TIME DELAY
As
well known a 3D ray tracing algorithm furnishes the rays coordinates, the three
components of the wave vector and the group time delay of the wave along the
path. This last quantity can be compared with the measured group delay to check
the performance of the algorithm. Simulating a perfect reflector at an altitude
equal to the virtual height of reflection the virtual delay is assumed as a
real delay. For a monotonic electronic density profile we find a very small
relative difference between the calculated and the simulated delay both for analytic
and discrete 3D electronic density models.
GP2.34 EXTENSION OF EGNOS IONOSPHERIC
CORRECTION
Z. Zbyszynski, A. Swiatek, I. Stanislawska, Space Research Centre P.A.S., Warsaw, Poland
EGNOS
corrections are distributed over most European countries. Unfortunately, the
current ground infrastructure saves the correction accuracy only for limited
area. On the edge of that area, the usefulness of the EGNOS corrections is
questionable. That problem occurs in Poland. In Space Research Centre were
prepared the analyses of possibilities of extension EGNOS ionospheric
correction. Prepared investigations showed that using statistical method of
semivariogram calculations is possible to extend the ionospheric corrections
with satisfying accuracy. Because of some restrictions, we could work only with
values of ionospheric delay transmitted by EGNOS, not with real GPS
observations collected by RIMS stations.
GP2.35 DYNAMIC OF NIGHT-TIME EQUATORIAL F
LAYER: EQUINOX TRANSITION AT THE MAGNETIC EQUATOR IN AFRICA
S. K. M. T. Tanoh, B. J. J-P. Adohi, University of Cocody, ABIDJAN, Cote d'Ivoire
We
study equatorial night-time F layer behaviour from quarter-hourly ionograms at
Korhogo (9.2N, 5W, dip lat.: -2.4) during Spring March-April 1995, declining
solar flux period. At time of the equinox transition, by the end of March, a
net change of the nightly height-time variation is observed. The regime of a single
height peak phase before 22 March changes to up to three main F-layer height
phases after 30 March, each associated to a dominant mechanism. After the 21
April, the height-time morphology becomes more irregular suggesting meridional
wind abatement.
GP2.36 LATITUDINAL VARIATION OF THE
IONOSPHERIC DISTURBANCE DYNAMO MAGNETIC SIGNATURE
During
magnetic storms, the auroral electrojets intensification affects the
thermospheric circulation. This process which leads to electric field and
current disturbance at middle and low latitudes has been attributed to the
ionospheric disturbance dynamo (Ddyn). The latitudinal variation of the Ddyn
disturbance magnetic signature exhibits an eastward current at mid latitudes
and a westward one at low latitudes with a substantial amplification at the
magnetic equator. Such current flow reveals an anti-Sq system. However, the
localization and the extent of the anti-Sq current vortex change from one storm
to another.
GP2.37 A STATISTICAL METHOD FOR RECONSTRUCTION
OF MISSED OBSERVATIONS
G. I. Gordienko, V. V. Vodyannikov, Institute of ionosphere, Almaty, Kazakstan
Abstract
A method for reconstruction of missed observations and foF2 short-time
prediction is proposed. It is based on the Fourier decomposition of the hourly
foF2 in 4-days running intervals. For quiet and moderate disturbed conditions
the method provides foF2 forecast with relative mean deviation 9-10 %.
GP2.38 COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RIOMETER
ABSORPTION AND GPS TEC DURING ABSORPTION EVENTS IN THE HIGH LATITUDE IONOSPHERE
Concurrent
observation of ionospheric TEC and 30 MHz riometer absorption in the high
latitude ionosphere has revealed four distinct TEC-absorption relationships
associated with high energy (<200 keV) precipitation, low energy (<20
keV) precipitation, substorm injections and polar cap patches. Relationships
observed at each station depend mainly on the stations proximity to auroral
regions, and show good theoretical agreement with calculations of non-deviative
absorption in the lower atmosphere and deviative absorption in the upper
atmosphere.
GP2.39 THE PROCESSING AND INTERPRETATION OF
IONOSPHERE SOUNDING DATA USING THE CONTINUOUS CHIRP-SIGNAL
In
this paper, we have considered a software package of automatic interpretation
of radiophysical information acquired by an ionosonde of vertical and oblique
sounding (VS and OS). Ionogram interpretation methods rest on results of
modeling of frequency dependences of propagation characteristics in the regime
of long-term prediction and on results of experimental data processing. These
methods have been employed in this package to realize algorithms of direct
diagnostics of decameter radio channel from VS and OS data which are used for
automatic link establishment of communication radio channel.
GP2.40 MODEL ESTIMATES OF OPTICAL EMISSIONS
DUE TO LIGHTNING-INDUCED ELECTRON PRECIPITATION
R. A. Marshall, N. Lavassar, U. S. Inan, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
Model
calculations are conducted to estimate the optical brightness caused by
lightning-induced electron precipitation (LEP). Pitch-angle scattering of
radiation-belt electrons by whistlers results in precipitation in the upper
atmosphere. We calculate the secondary ionization and a number of optical
emission bands. We fi
nd that the N2 1P and O(1S) emissions may reach ~10 R for a 100 kA peak
current, with distinct spatial and temporal signatures. A simple SNR
calculation shows that the emissions should be detectable with modern
photometric instruments. We further investigate the dependence of these
emissions on lightning source latitude.
GP2.41 ATMOSPHERIC INTERPRETATION OF ANOMALOUS
TERRESTRIAL EMISSION SERENDIPITOUSLY DISCOVERED IN RADIOASTRONOMY DATA AT 1
GIGAHERTZ
A
recent publication in the Astrophysical Journal reported the serendipitous
discovery of swept-frequency, terrestrial emission in a search for pulses of
astrophysical origin. The source of the emission has yet to be determined, as
its attributes are highly atypical of known sources of manmade and natural
terrestrial signals. We review the observed properties of the emission, and present
a simple model for a physical mechanism that could occur in the atmosphere to
produce it. If this mechanism is the cause of the emission, its origin may lie
in secondary effects of lightning production in the upper atmosphere.
GP2.42 D-REGION ELECTRON DENSITY MEASUREMENTS
FROM TWEEK RADIO ATMOSPHERICS OBSERVED IN INDIA
In
this work, dispersive property of tweeks observed at low latitude Indian
stations Allahabad and Nainital has been utilized for the estimation of night
time D-region electron densities at the ionospheric reflection heights. To
determine tweeks path of propagation, geographic source locations of their
causative lightning discharge is also determined. To validate the results,
electron density profile obtained from IRI-2007 model and rocket data from the flight
probes in Indian region are compared. The tweek analysis method has unique
advantage of monitoring lower boundary of the ionosphere over a wide area of
several thousands kilometers surrounding receiving stations.
GP2.43 PHASE AND AMPLITUDE PERTURBATIONS
OBSERVED ON SUBIONOSPHERIC VLF SIGNAL RECORDED AT VARANASI (L = 1.07) USING
SOFTPAL RECEIVER
A. K. Singh, A. K. Singh, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
We
report here preliminary observations of phase and amplitude perturbations in
VLF signal propagating in the Earth-ionosphere waveguide, monitored at low
latitude station Varanasi using SoftPAL Receiver. Phase and amplitude
perturbations (trimpis) on VLF signals consists of a sudden change in phase and
amplitude of the transmitter signal followed by a slow recovery to the initial
levels as the ionization decays. The current understanding of lightening
discharge associated processes that leads to the changes in the characteristic
of the waveguide and thus variation in the received amplitude and/or phase of
the VLF transmission signals have been reported
GP2.44 DEVELOPMENT OF POYNTING VECTOR
DIRECTION METHOD FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC PULSES IN THE EARTH
M. Tsutsui, M. Kamitani, T. Nakatani, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
We
found that it was wrong to compare phases and amplitudes between waveforms of
electromagnetic (EM) fields detected on the ground and at the bottom in a deep
borehole, for confirming propagation directions of unknown EM waves detected in
the earth, because EM pulses measured in a 100 m-depth borehole represented
ellipsoidal polarizations whereas those simultaneously detected on the ground
were linear polarizations. For determining propagation directions of unknown EM
pulses, we have developed a method of Poynting vectors of EM pulses detected by
tri-axial electric dipole antennas and tri-axial magnetic search coils inserted
into the borehole.
GP2.45 STUDY OF ULTRA LOW FREQUENCY SIGNALS
(0.01-10 HZ) ASSOCIATED WITH MODERATE EARTHQUAKE OCCURRED IN KOYNA REGION USING
INDUCTION TYPE MAGNETIC SENSOR
A. K. Sharma, R. N. Haridas, A. V. Patil, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Kolhapur, India
Study
of magnetic field fluctuations due to earthquakes have been started at Shivaji
University, Kolhapur (India) using three axis ULF/VLF induction type magnetic
sensors, since March 2006. We have considered one event of moderate earthquake
(4.0<M<5.0) for the present study. This earthquake occurred in Koyna
region on 14th November 2009 at 13:03:35 UT (M=4.8). For study of these signals
we have taken the frequency band ranging from 0.01 Hz to 10 Hz which is most
promising candidates for short term earthquake prediction. Suitable Data
analysis methods gives the detail information
GP2.46 ABOUT POSSIBILITY OF USING OF SATELLITE
WAVE MONITORING FOR THE FORECAST OF CATASTROPHIC EARTHQUAKES
V. I. Larkina, IZMIRAN, Troitsk of Moscow region, Russian Federation
It
is offered the schemes of remote monitoring of near-Earth space plasma for the
purpose of revealing of disturbances of natural and technogenic character by results
of satellite wave experiments. It will allow to organize high information
monitoring of a condition ionosphere plasma, both over separate regions, and in
planetary scale.
GP2.47 DETECTION OF IONOSPHERIC PERTURBATIONS
ASSOCIATED WITH EARTHQUAKE USING DATA OF IAP AND ISL INSTRUMENTS OF DEMETER
SATELLITE
Ionospheric
variations were observed by DEMETER (Detection of Electro-Magnetic Emission
Transmitted from Earthquake Regions) satellite, during strong earthquake. The
main aim of the DEMETER satellite mission is to study the ionospheric
variations associated with seismic activity. In present paper, we have studied
ionospheric irregularities for strong earthquake by using ion and electron
density data. These data recorded by the IAP and ISL instruments of DEMETER
satellite, respectively. Perturbations in plasma parameter were observed near
the epicenter of the earthquake few days before the main shock. Observed
variation in ionosphere was examined by checking geomagnetic (Dst and Kp
indices) data.
GP2.48 IONOSPHERIC ANOMALIES DURING 26
DECEMBER 2004 SUMATRA TSUNAMI: OBSERVATIONS FROM CHAMP AND SIMULATION
In
the present work, CHAMP satellite observations of density and magnetic
anomalies in the ionosphere during Sumatra tsunami (26 December 2004) are
presented. These anomalies are found to be present over Indian ocean during the
2-5 hours after the initiation of tsunami. The tsunami-ionosphere coupling
mechanism via acoustic gravity waves is explored using coupled
atmosphere-ionosphere model. For modelled tsunami wave as an input, the coupled
model simulates the gravity waves and density/magnetic anomalies in the
ionosphere. The results show the excitation of the ionospheric anomalies by
modelled gravity wave that may account for the observed anomalies.
GP2.49 IONOSPHERIC EFFECTS FROM DIFFERENT
SEISMOGENIC ELECTRIC FIELD SOURCES
A. A. Namgaladze, O. V. Zolotov, Murmansk State Technical University, Murmansk, Russia
The
results of numerical simulations of the impact of different seismogenic
electric field sources on TEC (Total Electron Content) of the ionosphere are
presented. The external electric currents flowing between the faults and the
ionosphere were used as lower boundary condition for the electric potential
equation of the UAM (Upper Atmosphere Model). Different configurations and
magnitudes of these currents were investigated. According to simulations,
vertical electric current with density of about 2*10^(-8) A/m^2 over the
earthquake epicenter area of about ~200 km ~4000 km may create electric fields
generating the observed TEC increases up to ~50%.
GP2.50 NEURAL NETWORK BASED TOMOGRAPHIC
APPROACH TO DETECTING THE IONOSPHERIC ANOMALIES PRIOR TO THE 2007 SOUTHERN
SUMATRA EARTHQUAKE
In
this paper, neural network based ionospheric tomography was performed to
investigate the detailed structure that may be associated with earthquakes. The
2007 Southern Sumatra earthquake (M8.5) is selected because significant
decreases in the Total Electron Content (TEC) have been confirmed by GPS data
analysis. With respect to the analyzed earthquake, we detected significant
decreases at heights of 250-400 km, especially at 300 km. The global tendency
is that the decreased region expands to the east with increasing altitude and
concentrated in the Southern hemisphere over the epicenter. Furthermore,
obtained results are consistent with other satellite observation.
GP2.51 IONOSPHERIC VARIATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH
NOVEMBER 28, 2004 JAPANESE EARTHQUAKE
In
this paper we present the analysis of the ionosphere changes prior to the
Japanese earthquake of November 28, 2004 (M7.0). For this purpose we used
global TEC maps and measurements provided by GPS-IGS stations and Wakkanai
ionosonde which is nearest to the epicenter. Several days prior to earthquake
the characteristic anomaly was found out as the day-time significant increase
of TEC at the vicinity of earthquake up to the value of 45-48% relative to the
background condition.
GP2.52 STUDIES OF THE CORRELATION BETWEEN
IONOSPHERIC ANOMALIES AND SEISMIC ACTIVITIES IN THE INDIAN SUBCONTINENT
It
is long conjectured that the ionosphere is affected by seismic activities and
these effects can be detected in VLF signals. We present the results of sunrise
sunset terminators for the VTX 18.2 kHz signal received at Kolkata for and draw
a standardized calibration curve to study the influences by earthquakes and
other high energetic events. We present examples of unusual terminator shifts,
D-Layer preparation and disappearance times and compute the correlations with
seismic events. We found that correlation exists on 1-2 days prior to the
events. We discuss the effects of depths of the earthquakes.
GP2.53 PRECURSOR OF EARTHQUAKE USING NIGHT
TIME VLF AMPLITUDE
We
present the results of the analysis of the year-long (2007) monitoring of the
night time VLF signal amplitude from the Indian Navy station VTX at 18.2kHz,
received at the Indian Centre for Space Physics, Kolkata. We analyzed this data
to find out the correlation, if any, between the night time fluctuation and the
seismic events. We found, using individual cases as well as statistical
analysis that the night time VLF amplitude anomalously fuctuated before three
days of the events. Thus the night time fuctuation could be considered as a
precursory effectes of the seismic activities.
GP2.54 ULF GEOMAGNETIC CHANGES POSSIBLY
ASSOCIATED WITH THE 2008 IWATE-MIYAGI NAIRIKU EARTHQUAKE
K. Hattori, T. Hirano, P. Han, Y. Ishiguro, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
In
this study, we investigate ULF geomagnetic changes possibly associated with the
2008 Iwate-Miyagi Nairiku earthquake based on spectral density ratio analysis,
geomagnetic transfer function analysis, fractal analysis, and direction finding
analysis. Geomagnetic data observed at Esashi, where the epicentral distance is
about 47 km and Kakioka, the distance is about 317 km, and as a reference
station have been analyzed. The obtained results from these analyses show a
common anomalous change appears 25 days before the EQ and it is highly
suggestive of a possible candidate of the earthquake-related ULF magnetic
change.
GP2.55 ANOMALOUS BEHAVIORS OF THE VLF SIGNALS
BEFORE EARTHQUAKES FOR VTX-MALDA PROPAGATION PATH
We
present the result of the monitoring of the four years (2005, 2007-09) VLF
signals from Indian Navy station VTX at 18.2 Khz, received at Malda branch of
ICSP, located in Malda, West Bengal. We analized these data to find out the
correlations, if any, between the ionospheric activities and earthquake and we
found that the deviations of the 'VLF day length' (defined as the time
difference between the two terminators), 'D-layer preparation time' (DLPT) and
also 'D-layer disappearance time' (DLDT) are correlated with the seismic
events.
GP2.56 THE TEC SIGNATURES AS STRONG SEISMIC
EVENT PRECURSORS
The
paper presents the authors' view on the TEC (Total Electron Content) disturbances
considered as seismo-precursors. The traditional pre-earthquake signatures are
extended with the terminator-related effects: the coming of the terminator and
subsolar point triggers the shift and migration of the TEC anomalies towards
the night-zone, followed with their shape modification and full destruction at
the near-noon hours at the near-epicenter and geomagnetically conjugated
regions.
Session Chairs: Yoshiharu Omura, O. Santolik
Session HP2
Type Poster Presentation
Schedule Thursday, August 18, 16:00-19:00
Room Poster Area
HP2.1 THE PARTICLE-IN-CELL SIMULATION OF
18-VANE MAGNETRON MODELLED BY CST
I. Araz, TUBITAK UEKAE, KOCAELI, Turkey
In
this study we basically focused on computer simulation of the vane-type
magnetrons using the Particle-in-Cell (PIC) in CST Mirowave Studio. This
magnetron mainly consist of the 18 anode vanes without strap. Simulation of
magnetrons has been improved by changing dimensions of cavities, optimizing
voltage and applying various magnetic fields values. The aim of this work is to
tune the operation frequency of magnetron under the constant electric field and
the magnetic field between anode and cathode.
HP2.2 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS AND CORRELATION
OF ANTENNA IMPEDANCE OF ELECTRIC FILED ANTENNAS
Knowledge
of the characteristics of wire antennas in space plasma used as sensors for
electric field observations by scientific satellites in geospace is necessary
to determine the absolute intensity and the phase of the electric field wave
because the observation data about electric field are available as voltage
signal. Two important characteristics are the effective length and the antenna
impedance. In this study, according to the statistical analysis of measurement
data of the antenna impedance on Akebono, the correlation between the antenna
impedance and the altitude of Akebono were found.
HP2.3 OBSERVATION OF WHISTLER WAVE
RESONANCES IN LABORATORY PLASMA
Standing
whistler waves have been investigated in the NRL Space Physics Simulation
Chamber. Partial reflection of antenna-launched whistler waves from the chamber
end boundaries creates a combination of standing and traveling waves. By
controlling the axial magnetic field profile, cyclotron absorption of whistlers
can occur before reflection, leaving only the forward propagating waves. By
comparing standing wave amplitudes to the forward propagating, cavity Q's in
excess of 30 have been observed. Under uniform axial magnetic field conditions,
the addition of planar conducting grids near the ends of the plasma column
improves reflection and increases the value of Q.
HP2.4 TRAJECTORIES OF ELECTRONS IN A
REALISTIC MODEL OF THE EARTH'S MAGNETIC FIELD
During
the onset of a substorm, a burst of energetic (10-100 keV) electrons is
injected into the inner magnetosphere. The subsequent motion of these electrons
is dictated by their energy, pitch angle and the Earth's magnetic field
geometry. More specifically, if the Earth's magnetic field is not varying
rapidly then the three adiabatic invariants associated with each of the
electrons' periodic motions are conserved. In this work we study the motion of
electrons in the Earth's magnetic field. A realistic magnetic field geometry is
employed which depends on conditions in the solar wind.
HP2.5 THE CREATION OF A STATISTICAL
LIGHTNING MODEL
The
detailed spatial and temporal influence of lightning on particle precipitation
losses in the magnetosphere is studied. World Wide Lightning Location Network
(WWLLN) lightning distribution data was used because it gives continuous
coverage. Since the detection efficiency of WWLLN is low, the distribution was
compared to LIS/OTD data. Flash multiplicity was considered since WWLLN records
strokes and LIS/OTD flashes. Finally, WWLLN data is transformed to geomagnetic
(MAG) coordinates. By using the MAG lightning distribution, incorporating
stroke multiplicity, lightning orientation and power, a statistical model is
created to determine the flux of VLF energy incident on the radiation belts.
HP2.6 (withdrawn)
HP2.7 FULL-SCALE TIME DOMAIN MODELING OF
THE INTERACTION OF HF WAVES WITH THE TOPSIDE IONOSPHERE
We
use a time domain simulation to study the interaction of HF wave with the
topside ionosphere. The ionosphere density profile is derived from X-mode ionogram
data obtained from satellite topside sounding. In the simulation, we observe
the reflection of L-O and R-X modes at different altitudes and large amplitude
electrostatic field generation at the reflection altitude of L-O mode. These
electrostatic fields of Langmuir type have amplitude several times of the
injected wave field amplitude. The time domain modeling allows us to understand
the propagation, reflection, and coupling of HF wave.
HP2.8 WHISTLER WAVE EXCITATION BY A PULSED
LOOP ANTENNA LOCATED IN A CYLINDRICAL DUCT WITH ENHANCED PLASMA DENSITY
Pulsed
radiation from a loop antenna located in a cylindrical duct with enhanced
plasma density is studied. An expression for the radiated energy is derived and
its distribution over the spatial and frequency spectra of the excited waves as
a function of the source and duct parameters is analyzed. Numerical results
referring to the case where the frequency spectrum of the current is
concentrated in the whistler range are reported. It is shown that the presence
of an artificial enhanced-density duct can lead to a significant increase in the
energy radiated from a pulsed loop antenna under ionospheric conditions.
HP2.9 STUDIES ON THE SHORT-RANGE PRESSURE
PULSE GENERATION WITHIN THE AURORAL IONOSPHERE
Auroral
electric field is a probable source of Atmospheric Gravity Waves (AGW) in the
thermospheric region of Auroral zone of the ionosphere and associated Traveling
Ionospheric Disturbances (TID). This field is considered to be active through
Lorentz force and Joule dissipation that influence the neutral gas of the
medium through collision. The process introduces the short-range gravity waves.
The expressions for the low frequency part of the fractional pressure
variations have been derived within the auroral region of the ionosphere. The
results of numerical analyses are presented graphically.
HP2.10 FAST DOPPLER TECHNIQUE OF OBSERVATIONS
OF ASPECT SENSITIVE SIGNALS BACKSCATTERED FROM THE IONOSPHERE HEATED BY
POWERFUL HF RADIO WAVES
Fast
Doppler measurements technique of observation of small-scale, magnetic field
aligned inhomogeneities produced in the Ionosphere by powerful HF radio waves
is developed. This technique is based on evaluation of momentary Doppler shift
of received signal frequency with the help of phase measurements in individual
pulse responses. Observations of backscattered aspect sensitive signals show
that individual modes in multi mode signals have different dynamics at the time
intervals less than 1 second.
HP2.11 LUMINOSITY NEAR THE ACTIVE DIPOLES IN
THE OEDIPUS-C IONOSPHERIC EXPERIMENT
The
OEDIPUS-C sounding rocket double payload was designed for two-point studies of
plasma waves in the auroral ionosphere. Early in the experiment, just after the
two subpayload parts began to separate, a television camera on the aft
subpayload began to record intense visible radiation near the transmitting
dipoles on the forward subpayload. This luminosity reduced to zero in the 15
seconds that it took an argon gas thruster bottle to evacuate completely. The
luminosity is interpreted as the result of collisional excitation by
sounder-accelerated electrons of argon atomic levels that subsequently decay by
transitions at visible wavelengths.
HP2.12 EXTENDED HEATING OF THE NIGHTTIME D
REGION BY VERY LOW FREQUENCY TRANSMITTERS
Very
low frequency (VLF, 3−30 kHz) signals propagating in the Earth-ionosphere
waveguide are used to probe the heated nighttime D region over three keyed U.S.
Navy VLF transmitters. The keyed VLF transmitters are turned on-off in periodic
formats for thirty to sixty minutes each day over the course of several months,
providing sensitive measurements of their heating effect on the surrounding
ionosphere. Heating effects are observed at distances greater than 1500 km. It
is proposed that the heating effect of VLF transmitters extends over very large
distances through the subionospheric propagation of its radiated signal.
HP2.13 OBSERVATIONS OF ULF WAVE RELATED
EQUATORIAL ELECTROJET AND DENSITY FLUCTUATIONS
Global
magnetospheric Ultra Low Frequency (ULF) pulsations with frequencies in the Pc
4-5 range have been observed for decades in space and on Earth. However, only a
few studies have been performed on ULF wave-related perturbations in the
vicinity of the equatorial region. This paper reports on the Pc5 wave-related
vertical drift velocity oscillations at the equator as observed by ground
magnetometers and radar. The paper also presents ionospheric density
fluctuations during the period when ULF wave activities were observed,
demonstrating that the Pc5 wave can penetrate to the equatorial and modulate
the equatorial electrodynamics.
HP2.14 FIRST DEMONSTRATION OF HF-DRIVEN
IONOSPHERIC CURRENTS
Ionospheric
heaters located in polar-regions have been used to generate waves in the LF
range by modulating the auroral electrojet. We present the first demonstration
of ULF/ELF wave generation by injection of modulated HF radio-waves without
presence of electrojet currents. Waves between 0.1-50 Hz were measured at both
near and far sites when the HAARP heater was used to modulate the electron
temperature at F-region. We discuss the physics of the observed ionospheric
current drive, expected ground signature and the advantages of ionospheric
ULF/ELF generation without the requirement of electrojet strength and
availability.
HP2.15 RESULTS OF COMPLEX RADIOSOUNDING OF
IONOSPHERIC DISTURBANCES GENERATED BY THE TRANSPORT SPACECRAFT PROGRESS ONBOARD
THRUSTERS
Active
space experiments (SE) carry out to study spatio-temporal characteristics of
disturbances emerging in the ionospheric plasma due to the functionality of
transport spacecraft (TSC) "Progress" onboard thrusters. The main
research facility is the Irkutsk incoherent scatter radar (ISR). Results showed
that small masses of TSC exhaust product generate disturbances in the
ionosphere with size of tens kilometers and with lifetime up to 20 minutes. The
amplitude of a depression in the plasma density variations reached up to 40%.
HP2.16 VARIATIONS OF THE TRANSPORT SPACECRAFT
PROGRESS RADAR CHARACTERISTICS CONNECTED WITH THE ORBITAL MANEUVERING SUBSYSTEM
RUN
In
this paper we study the Transport Spacecraft (TSC) "Progress" radar
characteristic variations emerging due to the onboard thrusters run.
Measurements were taken at the Irkutsk Incoherent Scatter Radar (ISR) in the
154-162 MHz range. The results of experiments showed significant variations of
radar characteristics especially at emitting of exhaust jets towards the radar.
The most sensitive parameter is the antenna angle of the TSC elevation.
HP2.17 EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUE OF
MULTIPOSITIONAL FMCW SOUNDING OF ARTIFICIAL IRREGULARITIES
Experimental
results of HF radio waves scattering from artificial irregularities induced by
"Sura"heating facility FMCW (chirp sounding ) method as a diagnostic tool
are presented. Elimination of the disturbed region of the ionosphere was
performed from the point IZMIRAN, distant from "Sura" on about 500
km, and the scattered on the artificial irregularities signals were received at
the distances 120 km, 560 km and 1100 km correspondently. An analysis of the
simultaneous observations has shown that total frequency range of the scattered
signals can reach up to 10 MHz.
HP2.18 (withdrawn)
HP2.19 INVESTIGATION OF ANOMALOUS
PERTURBATIONS IN VLF SIGNALS AND CORRELATION WITH SEISMIC ACTIVITY
Prior
to earthquakes anomalous perturbations in the ionosphere have either been
observed as fluctuations in the F- region critical frequency, foF2, or as
deviations in VLF signals. Such phenomena have been recorded up to 6 days before
the main shock, making their identification imperative in aiding in earthquake
prediction. However, a lack of reproducibility of the events and the large
scale effect of solar activity on the ionosphere, isolation of seismogenic
signals is difficult. Using narrowband receiver data from Hungary, VLF waves
are analyzed to investigate the presence of anomalous perturbations, which are
then correlated with seismic activity.
HP2.20 EVOLUTION OF LOW FREQUENCY
ELECTROMAGNETIC FLUCTUATIONS IN LOW- AND MIDDLE-LATITUDE IONOSPHERE
The
electromagnetic equations of qyrotropic waves in the general form have been
examined. The analysis shows that attenuation of one of modes tends to zero in
the perpendicular direction to the magnetic field while along this direction
the attenuation is finite. Basing on this feature it was supposed that low
frequency electromagnetic fluctuations tend to expand along the magnetic field.
It forms in the ionosphere long areas with invariable direction of the electric
field and current and weakly variable magnitude of these parameters. This
assumption was checked by numerical solving of the direct problem of
electromagnetic fluctuation evolution.
HP2.21 TESTING THE COSMIC RAY-LIGHTNING
CONNECTION HYPOTHESIS
The
proposed dependence of atmospheric electrical properties on the ionizing
influence of cosmic rays has resulted in numerous attempts to obtain convincing
correlations. While most of the studies remain largely theoretical, a few
results indicate that there is a plausible link between lightning activity and
cosmic ray ionization. Using global lightning and assimilated cosmic ray data,
the present work suggests a correlation between simultaneous Forbush decreases
and lightning activity.
HP2.22 CHARACTERISTICS OF TWEEKS RADIO
ATMOSPHERICS OBSERVED IN INDIAN LOW LATITUDE REGION USING AWESOME VLF RECEIVER
In
present work tweeks recorded at Indian low latitude ground station Allahabad
(Geomag. lat. 16.050 N) during April 2007 to March 2008 have been used to study
the occurrence characteristics, distance & reflection height in the Earth
Ionospheric waveguide. Results shows that summer seasons has highest tweek occurrence
~63% and lowest for winter season ~18%. Tweeks recorded having maximum mode
n=6, tweeks with n=2 are more dominant with occurrence ~70%. Tweeks with n>3
are more common during early night & maximum tweeks occurs in late night.
Average distance traveled by maximum tweeks in range of ~4000-8000 km
HP2.23 AN INVESTIGATION OF WHISTLER
INTENSITIES ABOVE THUNDERSTORMS
We
study a penetration of whistlers to the ionosphere. We developed an automatic
method for assigning causative lightning to fractional-hop whistlers observed
on the DEMETER satellite. Processing data from 364 passes of the satellite over
Europe, we found that at nighttime, a mean whistler intensity is approximately
three times larger than at daytime. A maximum of whistler intensity is shifted
approximately one degree from the satellite magnetic footprint owing to the
oblique propagation. Calculations of wave attenuation made using IRI2007 and
MSIS models show very similar result in a ratio of nighttime and daytime
intensities.
HP2.24 ASYMMETRIC V SHAPED STREAKS RECORDED
ON BOARD DEMETER
Both
symmetric and asymmetric forms of V-shaped streaks observed on board DEMETER
satellite are reported. . They are associated with intense and numerous 0+
whistlers generated above high active thunderstorms regions. To understand the
origin of the different spectral forms, a systematic survey is performed over 5
years of VLF-data. Asymmetric events are more frequently observed for high
latitude regions. The importance of the magnetic field orientation on the
spectral form observed is pointed out and confirmed by: - A propagation model
based on cold plasma properties. - An event study where positions of the
lightnings strokes were precisely known
HP2.25 A COMPARISON STUDY ON GRAVITOMAGNETISM
AND ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD
Our
group observed pendulum anomalies during total solar eclipse (TSE) of July ,
2009, so Allais pendulum anomalies during TSEs were probably true. A small part
of torque exerted on pendulum from the sun and the moon strengthen each other
during solar eclipse. In other times, the torque of gravitation of the sun and
the moon in most cases weakens each other. This torque may originate from
gravitomagnetism of the motion of the sun and the moon; other words, the
pendulum anomalies during TSEs might provide preliminary evidences which show
the existence of gravitomagnetism which is similar to electromagnetic field.
HP2.26 RESULTS OF IONOSPHERIC RADIO SOUNDING
FROM HEIGHTS IN THE VICINITY OF THE F2-LAYER MAXIMUM
N. P. Danilkin, Fedorov Institute of Applied Geophysics, Moscow, Russian Federation
Results
of ionospheric radio sounding from heights in the vicinity of the F2-layer
maximum are presented. New phenomenon of the specific multifrequency trace has
been opened in the ionosphere radio sounding from the Mir man space station
during those periods when the station was below height of F2 maximum. It has
been explained as consecutive inclined reflection of radio waves from the Earth
and refraction from strong irregularity of the F2 electronic concentration.
Examples of the internal structure of the inhomogeneities of various types (a
regular or irregular characters) are presented.
Session Chairs: Subra Ananthakrishnan, Justin Jonas
Session JP2
Type Poster Presentation
Schedule Thursday, August 18, 16:00-19:00
Room Poster Area
JP2.1 A COMPARISON OF THE FLUX DENSITY
SCALES BETWEEN THE EVLA AND ATCA INTERFEROMETERS AND THE PLANCK MISSION
Simultaneous
observing of a set of 21 compact extragalactic objects with the EVLA and the
Planck Satellite, and with a subset of these 21 with the ATNF, have been made
to enable comparison of their respective flux density scales. The ground-based
instruments flux scales are based on observations and models of the emission
from the planet Mars, while that of the Planck mission is based on the dipole
pattern induced by solar and earth orbital motions. These specific observations
should establish the relative accuracies of these independent scales.
JP2.2 A SURVEY OF NULLING PULSARS USING
GIANT METERWAVE RADIO TELESCOPE
Several
pulsars show sudden cessation of pulsed emission, which is known as pulsar
nulling. In this paper, we are reporting nulling behaviour of 15 pulsars among
which five were discovered recently and never reported any nulling behaviour.
In addition few interesting feature of known nulling pulsars and also first
time results on reduction in the pulsed energy during the null phase for all
our samples. The main aim of this study is to bring out the fact that nulling
fraction does not quantify nulling in full detail as pulsar with similar
nulling fraction exhibit different nulling behaviour.
JP2.3 ANOMALOUS ABSORPTION IN COSMIC H_2CS
MOLECULE
Spectral
line 1_10 - 1_11 of formaldehyde (H2CO) at 4.831 GHz was the first cosmic
radiation observed in absorption against the cosmic microwave background (CMB).
The first successful attempt for identification of H2CS in the cosmic objects
is in the name of Sinclair et al.[1]. In the present paper, we have
investigated the absorption lines of H2CS in cosmic objects, and found that the
collisional rates are responsible for absorption of these lines. Hence, there
is a need to get accurate information about the collisional rates of H2CS
colliding with H2 molecules.
JP2.4 THE DISCOVERY OF TERRESTRIAL,
SWEPT-FREQUENCY EMISSION THAT MIMICS AN INTERSTELLAR DISPERSIVE DELAY
S. Burke-Spolaor, R. Ekers, CSIRO, Epping, NSW, Australia
We
will detail the discovery of an anomalous terrestrial source of pulsed emission
which exhibits a frequency-swept signal that closely mimics the
frequency-dependent delay induced by dispersion in interstellar plasma. The
frequency-dependent delay and the sweep rates for most of the bursts are
similar to those of a burst previously purported to be extragalactic. These
bursts both call into question the extragalactic nature of that burst, and
highlight the limitations of performing searches for one-off impulses with
single dishes.
JP2.5 THE CENTRAL POINT SOURCE IN
G76.9+1.0
We
describe the discovery of a steep spectrum radio point source in the supernova
remnant G76.9+1.0, which itself was thought earlier to be a pulsar wind nebula.
Despite deep searches for a pulsar at low radio frequencies with the Giant
Metrewave Radio Telescope(India), pulsed emission was not detected. However,
deep radio imaging has revealed a point source with a steep spectrum. Together
with X-ray data, it is now unambiguously established that this point source is
indeed the associated pulsar. We underline the usefulness of combined
radio-X-ray imaging to prospect for pulsar candidates.
JP2.6 THZ SOLAR TELESCOPE FOR DETECTION
FLARE SYNCHROTRON RADIATION
Solar
flare observations have shown spectra exhibiting fluxes increasing with
frequency in the sub-THz spectrum simultaneously with the well known component
peaking at microwaves. It might be associated to incoherent synchrotron
radiation (ISR) produced by flare accelerated beams of high energy electrons,
which undergo wave-particle instabilities to produce bursts of powerful
broadband coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) at microwaves, as has been
demonstrated in laboratory accelerators. Simulations have shown that the
mechanism may be extremely efficient in solar flares. A telescope has been
developed to measure the complete flare continuum spectra at higher THz
frequencies outside the terrestrial atmosphere
JP2.7 PROPAGATION OVER THE HORIZON OF
SATURNS RADIO LIGHTNING STUDIED BY THREE-DIMENSIONAL RAY TRACING
Saturn
Electrostatic Discharges (SED) are radio signature of lightning flashes originating
from Saturns cloud systems. Observations of SED show that the radio horizon is
larger than the visible one, especially when Cassini is in Saturns morning side
(over the horizon effect). Moreover, both apparition and disappearance of
bursts appear to be frequency-dependent. We built a 3D ray tracing code, which
computes the path propagation of radio waves through a realistic model of
Saturns ionosphere, where electron density varies with local time, and were
able to reproduce the typical dynamic spectrum of observed over the horizon
events.
JP2.8 ROTATIONAL CHERECTERISTICS OF SOLAR
RADIO EMISSIONS AND IMF:A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Solar
rotation is a complex problem and being studied by several methods. We have
tried to look at the problem through autocorrelation analysis of time series of
disc integrated solar flux at 2800 MHz and daily observations of Interplanetary
magnetic field (IMF) for the period of 1987 to 2010 to infer rotation period.
Comparison is made between results of 2800 MHz radio emissions, a coronal
feature and interplanetary magnetic field. The results show with some
exceptions, a fair degree of correlation between the two, which indicates that
IMF seems to emanate from low latitudes, in contrast to expected polar origin.
JP2.9 DATA PROCESSING FOR 5-ELEMENT
EXPERIMENTS OF CHINESE SPECTRAL RADIOHELIOGRAPH
The
Chinese Spectral Radioheliograph is under construction in Mingantu Observation
station of NAOC, and some experiments have been carried out by 5-element system
which has been established in May 2010. This paper described overall system of
5-element briefly and showed some data processing results included observations
of weather satellite, GPS satellite and solar.
JP2.10 PHOTOMETRY OF THZ RADIATION USING
GOLAY CELL DETECTOR
The
measurement of THz radiation in the continuum presents new technical challenges
concerning materials, frequency filters and detection devices. We present the
first results of a radiometric system using Golay cell as a detector, for the
whole > 15 THz range, and at discrete frequencies centered at 2, 10 and 30
THz. The system was designed to measure solar THz radiation. It is capable to
detect small solar bursts, with a large dynamic range to be able to detect
larger events.
JP2.11 NEW CONTROL AND MONITOR SYSTEM FOR
GMRT
The
development of new Control and Monitor (CMS) system for GMRT envisages improved
architectural functionalities compared to the present online system. We present
details of upgrades undertaken to build a more powerful and sophisticated
system. We also present the design and performance details of Monitor and
Control Module (MCM). CMS controls and monitors working of all the telescope
subsystems over a high speed 1 Gbits/s digital optical fibre link. A new MCM
card is being developed using a Rabbit 8 bit microprocessor and 100 Mbits/s
Ethernet communication link. RFI performance of this card is also presented.
JP2.12 SKA MONITORING & CONTROL:
CHALLENGES & APPROACHES
There
are fundamental similarities to M&C problem for any large distributed
system. Also, unique needs and challenges resulting from the scale and nature
of the SKA that need to be understood at the current requirements specification
stage -- requires the development of architectural strategies that address the
unique needs by leveraging state-of-the-art approaches and available
off-the-shelf solutions. Here, we present the current understanding of SKA M&C
requirements and challenges, and some early thinking on strategies and
philosophies to address them. A generic fully-specifications-driven
architecture for M&C is discussed as a possibility.
JP2.13 THE ALMA SOFTWARE SYSTEM
B. E. Glendenning, National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Socorro, NM, United States
The
ALMA Radio Telescope has a large, integrated, software system to handle all
aspects of telescope operation. This software has been developed by a large
international consortium of collaborating institutions. This paper briefly
describes the scope of the software effort, the technical approach which has
been implemented, and the management approach which has been used to oversee
its development.
JP2.14 REVIEW OF RECENT DEVELOPMENTS OF THE
ELEVEN FEED FOR FUTURE DECADE BANDWIDTH RADIO TELESCOPES
The
Eleven feed is a compact, low-profile decade-bandwidth log-periodic dual-dipole
array antenna. It has many advantages: a constant phase center location,
constant beam width over a decade bandwidth, high BOR1 efficiency, low cross
polar level and good reflection coefficient, all over a decade bandwidth. This
paper reviews the recent developments on the Eleven feed technology, which
covers several important issues for the applications of the feed in decade
bandwidth radio telescopes.
JP2.15 A COMPACT FULL WAVEGUIDE BAND
TURNSTILE JUNCTION ORTHOMODE TRANSDUCER
S. Srikanth, M. Solatka, National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, VA, United States
This
paper describes a full waveguide band (8-12 GHz) orthomode transducer (OMT).
The design uses a turnstile junction at the input, two 90 H-plane bends in each
waveguide arm, and two E-plane Y-junctions. Measured return loss is ≥19
dB and cross polarization ≤ -50 dB in the 7.8-12.2 GHz range. The OMT has
a novel and simple mechanical design. The device is compact and has a diameter
of 8.0, height of 2.7, and weighs 2.5 lbs.
JP2.16 DEVELOPMENT OF MULTIMODE HONRS AND
WIDEBAND FEED FOR RADIO TELESCOPES
Multimode
horns were developed for 8.4GHz,22GHz,43GHz receiver systems of ASTRO-G/VSOP-2
satellite for Space-VLBI, and for 6.7GHz of VERA 20m radio telescopes of
National Astronomical Observatory in JAPAN and 25m Shanghai Radio telescope in
China. Rational bandwidth of these horns in low cross polar level are 20-30%,
and their thin walls without corrugation and shortened length are the best for
the satellite use. Also, wideband feeds will be presented, which are now
developing for SKA and VLBI2010, which is a kind of Tapered Slot Antenna or
other of traveling wave antenna.
JP2.17 PROTECTION AND SELF-PROTECTION OF THE
MURCHISON RADIO-ASTRONOMY OBSERVATORY FROM RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE
C. D. Wilson, M. Storey, T. Tzioumis, CSIRO, Epping, NSW, Australia
The
development of a radioastronomy observatory site requires control of radio
frequency interference, from external activities and from operations of the
observatory itself. This paper reports on measures being taken in Australia to
protect the Murchison Radio-astronomy Observatory. Potential interference from
industry will be managed by the ACMA and State Government regulations, within
the framework of a principle of co-existence. Technical advisory guidelines
will describe acceptable limits on the use of typical radio systems and
electrical equipment. Interference from activities on the site, such as power
generation, computing, and support functions, are being managed during the
design process.
JP2.18 A PROJECT OF THE MILLIMETER WAVE
OBSERVATORY AT THE SUFFA PLATEAU IN UZBEKISTAN
The
project assumes a construction of a 70-m radio telescope operating at short
millimeter waves on the Suffa plateau in Uzbekistan at the altitude of 2500 m.
We describe the current status of the project, scientific drivers, antenna
design and the planned receiver system.
JP2.19 NEW OBSERVING SYSTEM OF THE 45-M
TELESCOPE AT NOBEYAMA RADIO OBSERVATORY
We
developed a new observing system to improve the performance of the 45-m
telescope at Nobeyama Radio Observatory (NRO). The system consists of new
receivers, new IF converters, new A/D converters, and a new spectrometer. The
technologies developed for ALMA (the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter
Array) were used for many parts (e.g., receivers and spectrometers). With the
new system, we are conducting surveys of distant primeval galaxies and line
surveys of various targets.
Session Chairs: Jitendra Behari, Maila Hietanen
Session KP2
Type Poster Presentation
Schedule Thursday, August 18, 16:00-19:00
Room Poster Area
KP2.1 IMPLANTABLE
CARDIOVERTER-DEFIBRILLATORS EXPOSED TO LOW FREQUENCY MAGNETIC FIELDS
This
paper presents a numerical modeling study of electromagnetic interference in
implantable cardioverter-defibrillators, exposed to low frequency magnetic
fields. A Helmholtz coil was used to generate a uniform magnetic field. The
induced voltage was investigated in both a simple homogenous block and in an
anatomical model. The results showed that magnetic fields above 5000 T were
required for the ICD to possibly present a dysfunction in the homogenous block,
while they were only 1400T in the anatomical model. These results could be
useful in the frame of new standards (CENELEC, INCIRP) for workers as well as
for public.
KP2.2 FAST INTERPOLATION BASED MORPHING OF
WHOLE BODY HUMAN MODELS
E. Neufeld, D. Szczerba, B. Bhlmann, M. Zefferer, N. Kuster, Zeughaustr. 43, Zurich, Switzerland
One
of the demands for virtual anatomical models is parametrization, e.g., the same
"base" model but varying height, pose, body mass index, muscle
volume, organ shape, etc. in order to provide a better coverage of the
concerned population. We have recently reported on the development of a finite
element based framework to parametrize the Virtual Population models. While the
solution proposed therein offers unprecedented realism, it suffers from long
off-line processing times and required resources. In this study we evaluated a
fast interpolation based method to realistically approximate required
deformation fields interactively.
KP2.3 A 430 MHZ BAND RECEIVING ANTENNA FOR
MICROWAVE POWER TRANSMISSION TO CAPSULAR ENDOSCOPE
T. Kumagai, K. Saito, M. Takahashi, K. Ito, Chiba university, Chiba, Japan
Wireless
power transmission is being investigated as a means to operate tiny medical
devices such as the capsular endoscope, which is able to exist for a long
period during diagnostic procedures within the body. In this paper, we examine
the wireless power transmission to a capsular endoscope by microwaves to show
its usability for medical applications. A modified helical antenna inside the
endoscope is proposed as a power receiving antenna, operating at 430 MHz band.
By calculating a maximum received power in the stomach using such antenna, the
results show that adequate power can be well received.
KP2.4 A COMPARISON OF INDUCED ELECTRIC
FIELDS IN CHILD AND ADULT HEAD MODELS BY TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION
M. Lu, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal; S. Ueno, Kyushu University, Kyushu, Japan
In
this paper, we present a numerical simulation of transcranial magnetic
stimulation (TMS) in a real 3D child head model by employing a realistic
figure-of-eight coil. The induced electric fields were calculated by impedance
method and the results were compared with those obtained in an adult head
model. It was found that the electric fields decay quickly in child brain than
that in adult brain. This means TMS efficacy is reduced in child whose head
circumference and brain volume are smaller than those of the adult human.
KP2.5 EFFECT OF MAGNETIC IMPURITIES IN
BASED ON SHUNGITE ELECTROMAGNETIC ABSORBERS ON ITS SHIELDING PROPERTIES
M. S. Mahmoud, BSUIR, Minsk, Belarus
The
effect of ferromagnetic impurities in electromagnetic based shungite absorbers
is studied. The presence of magnetic powder particles in composite structure
influences on attenuation and reflection characteristics of shielding material
has been established. It is found that exact quantity of magnetic inclusions in
relation to the shungite powder are principal for reflection coefficient and
has effect on electromagnetic radiation attenuation. The compound with powders
of shungite and nickel-zinc ferrite in different percentages has investigated.
The dependence of the shielding characteristics of the composite is shown. The
use of these composite materials for creation of electromagnetic shielding
constructions are considered.
KP2.6 STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE HAND
ON THE SPECIFIC ABSORPTION RATE EVALUATION OF MOBILE PHONES
A
possible increase of the SAR (Specific Absorption Rate) value in the presence
of the hand has been reported by several authors but the electromagnetic
phenomenon is still unexplained. Numerical simulations are performed using four
different mobile phones using the SAM (Specific Anthropomorphic Mannequin)
phantom and a hand model at three different frequencies. Additional numerical
simulations and measurements performed using a dipole antenna placed in-between
a flat head phantom and a flat hand phantom confirm an increase of the SAR for
specific values of the distance between the antenna and the hand at a given
frequency.
KP2.7 SAR DISTRIBUTIONS IN A CHILD HEAD
PHANTOM IN THE VICINITY OF RECENT MOBILE PHONES
There
are growing concerns about possible health effects of electromagnetic field by
cellular phones. Epidemiological studies have been in progress to evaluate the
hypothetical relationship between RF exposure by cellular phones and brain
tumor risk in children. SAR (Specific Absorption Rate, [W/kg]) is one of the
important factors to evaluate exposure. The purpose of our study is to
characterize SAR inside a child head due to the use of mobile phones. Child
heads differ in size from adult heads. We measured SAR distributions inside
child and adult head phantom for several cellular phones commercially available
in recent year.
KP2.8 DEPENDENCE OF TRANSMISSION
CHARACTERISTICS OF INTRA-BODY COMMUNICATION SYSTEM ON THE BODY POSTURE AND
SURROUNDING ENVIRONMENT
The
transmission characteristics of an intra-body communication system using
electric near-field was investigated with the interest in the dependency on
posture of human body and surrounding environment. Numerical approach was
employed for the investigation. The received voltage depended on the posture of
the human body but the variation was not quite critical as far as the
conditions assumed in this study. Presence of a metal door in front of the body
showed enhancement of transmission from wearable device to the floor-buried
device.
KP2.9 INDUCED VOLTAGE TO AN IMPLANTABLE
CARDIAC PACEMAKER IN A VOXCEL HUMAN MODEL BY A NEAR-FIELD INTRA-BODY
COMMUNICATION DEVICE
The
interference voltage at the terminals of a unipolar-type implantable cardiac
pacemaker induced by a nearfield intra-body communication device was
investigated by numerical calculations. Operating frequency was assumed 5 MHz.
The dependency of induced voltage on the electrical constants of a realistic
human model was examined. The results showed that the induced voltage was
inversely proportional to the absolute value of the complex relative
permittivity. The induced voltage was much smaller than the immunity
requirement on interference voltage for active medical implants when the
applied input voltage to the communication device was within the practical use
condition.
KP2.10 LOW-POWER LONG-TERM IMPLANTABLE
WIRELESS TELEMETRY FOR MONITORING OF PHYSIOLOGICAL SIGNALS
In
this study, we present a long term Implantable Medical Device (IMD) for
continuous monitoring of physiological signals such as electrolytes, proteins,
glucose, and temperature. The device consists of a small size dual band
implantable antenna operating in Medical Implant Communications Service (MICS)
(402 MHz 405 MHz) and Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) (2.4 GHz 2.48
GHz) bands with an interface circuit containing a transceiver, a
microcontroller, and matching network components.
A
A. ELSAMIA, F. E. CP.11(221CP.11)
A.E. VANDENBOSCH, G. B07.8(100B07.8)
ABAD, R. J. GP1.47(236GP1.47)
ABANG ZAIDEL, D. N. CB.6(49CB.6)
ABD-ALHAMEED, R. C02.5(28C02.5)
ABD-ALHAMEED, R. A. FCA.5(203FCA.5)
ABD-ALHMEED, R. A. AC.7(195AC.7)
ABDALLA, M. D. E03.5(52E03.5)
ABDALLAH, C. T. E03.6(52E03.6)
ABDU, M. A. G08.5(145G08.5), G09.4(164G09.4), G09.5(164G09.5), GP1.39(235GP1.39)
ABDUL HABIB, S. N. A. FG.8(184FG.8)
ABDUL RAHIM, S. K. BP2.43(258BP2.43), CB.6(49CB.6)
ABDULLAH, M. FG.7(184FG.7), FG.8(184FG.8)
ABE, Y. BP1.36(217BP1.36)
ABGRALL, M. A03.6(46A03.6)
ABIELMONA, S. B10.6(156B10.6)
ABOU ELAZM, A. C05.4(64C05.4)
ABOU ELAZM, A. E-S. CP.11(221CP.11)
ABOU EL-NASR, M. K04.6(93K04.6)
ABRAMOV, V. G. G01.4(15G01.4)
ABRAMS, J. G05.1(88G05.1)
ACHARD, V. DF.5(200DF.5)
ACHARYA, O. P. BP2.32(256BP2.32)
ACKAH, J-B. GP1.16(232GP1.16)
ACKERMANN, W. B05.4(69B05.4), B12.2(196B12.2)
ADAM, A. A. BP2.43(258BP2.43)
ADANIR, S. BP1.47(219BP1.47)
ADAR, I. B10.1(156B10.1)
ADATO, R. DB2.6(83DB2.6)
ADDAMO, G. J02.4(42J02.4)
ADEDIJI, A. T. AC.4(194AC.4)
ADHIKARI, A. F02.4(33F02.4)
ADOHI, B. J. -P. GP2.35(272GP2.35)
AGARWAL, A. AD.10(174AD.10)
AGARWAL, K. F07.2(128F07.2)
AGUERGARAY, C. D08.6(142D08.6)
AGUILAR, S. M. KBE.2(40KBE.2)
AHMAD, S. KBE.7(41KBE.7)
AHUJA, A. L. JP2.12(282JP2.12)
AIDA, M. AGJ.7(119AGJ.7)
AIKAWA, M. CP.14(222CP.14)
AIKAWA, S. C05.1(64C05.1)
AIOUAZ, O. B04.4(68B04.4)
AJEWOLE, O. M. AC.4(194AC.4), F02.8(34F02.8)
AJITO, K. DAF1.3(159DAF1.3)
AKAMATSU, D. AD.2(173AD.2)
AKAN, O. B. C06.1(70C06.1)
AKAN, V. BP2.12(253BP2.12)
AKCHURIN, A. GP1.57(238GP1.57), GP1.58(238GP1.58)
AKCHURIN, A. D. GP1.23(233GP1.23), GP2.2(267GP2.2), GP2.6(267GP2.6)
AKGIRAY, A. J03.10(61J03.10)
AKGOL, O. B03.10(48B03.10)
AKGUN, O. BP2.7(253BP2.7)
AKHMEDIEV, N. D08.2(142D08.2)
AKITA, M. E02.6(31E02.6), EGH.5(72EGH.5)
AKKAYA, E. K04.2(93K04.2)
AKPACA, C. GP1.62(238GP1.62)
AKSOY, M. F01.3(13F01.3)
AKSOY, S. BP1.48(219BP1.48)
AKSU, S. DB2.6(83DB2.6), DP3.5(260DP3.5)
AKSUN, M. I. BP1.47(219BP1.47)
AKTUG, B. FG.10(184FG.10)
AKUNE, K. BP1.38(218BP1.38)
ALANKO, S. K07.4(151K07.4)
ALANKO, T. K05.8(115K05.8)
ALATAN, L. BP1.47(219BP1.47)
ALBANI, M. B03.11(48B03.11), B06.2(80B06.2), BP2.18(254BP2.18), BP2.19(254BP2.19)
ALBAYRAK, Y. BP2.48(258BP2.48)
ALBERS, D. P. F07.6(129F07.6)
ALBERT, J. M. H03.10(59H03.10)
ALCNTARA, J. D. GP1.47(236GP1.47)
ALDERMAN, B. F01.6(13F01.6)
ALDOSOKY, M. A. A. KP1.5(248KP1.5)
ALEF, W. JP1.12(245JP1.12)
ALFONSI, L. G07.2(130G07.2)
ALI, M. BP2.36(257BP2.36), C12.6(177C12.6)
ALIŠAUSKAS, S. D03.10(51D03.10)
AL-JARRO, A. BP1.29(216BP1.29)
AL-JOUMAYLY, M. A. KBE.2(40KBE.2)
ALKUMRU, A. B11.5(175B11.5)
ALLOATTI, L. D07.2(124D07.2)
ALMEIDA, A. A. GP1.41(236GP1.41)
ALONSO, R. F. GP2.7(268GP2.7)
ALQUDA, A. F01.5(13F01.5)
ALSATKIN, S. HP2.15(278HP2.15)
ALTINTAS, A. B03.9(48B03.9)
ALTUG, H. DB2.6(83DB2.6), DP3.5(260DP3.5)
ALTUN, H. C12.8(178C12.8)
ALU, A. BD1.1(26BD1.1), BD1.8(27BD1.8)
ALVAREZ-MELCON, A. BP2.3(252BP2.3)
AMADEI, A. K01.1(21K01.1), K01.2(21K01.2)
AMADOR, E. E01.4(11E01.4)
AMAGAI, J. AGJ.7(119AGJ.7)
AMATUCCI, B. HP2.3(276HP2.3)
AMATUCCI, W. E. H09.6(165H09.6)
AMAYA, C. F03.2(54F03.2)
AMBROSINI, R. A03.9(46A03.9)
AMBROZIAK, S. J. F03.6(55F03.6)
AMERT, A. K. BP2.4(252BP2.4)
AMIRANASHVILI, S. D08.5(142D08.5)
AMORIM, D. C. M. GP1.37(235GP1.37), GP1.41(236GP1.41)
AMOURETTE, C. K06.6(138K06.6)
AMRULLAH, F. F. F02.3(33F02.3)
ANAD, F. HP2.13(278HP2.13)
ANAGNOSTOU, D. E. DP2.2(225DP2.2)
ANAKSAGORA, S. GP1.20(233GP1.20)
ANANTHAKRISHNAN, S. J05.2(92J05.2)
ANDERSEN, J. B. F02.1(33F02.1)
ANDERSON, C. GP1.12(231GP1.12)
ANDERSON, D. J11.4(208J11.4)
ANDERSON, J. M. J01.6(19J01.6)
ANDREEV, A. G09.1(164G09.1)
ANDREEVA, E. S. GP2.27(271GP2.27), HG4.5(148HG4.5)
ANDREOTTI, A. E02.4(31E02.4)
ANDREWS, S. M. J10.1(188J10.1)
ANDRIAMBELOSON, J. E08.1(143E08.1)
ANDRIUKAITIS, G. D03.10(51D03.10)
ANDRONOV, I. V. BP1.12(214BP1.12)
ANGELINI, E. KAE.6(191KAE.6)
ANGLING, M. G04.5(74G04.5)
ANISHCHENKO, L. K04.5(93K04.5)
ANITHA, V. R. A02.1(25A02.1), A02.2(25A02.2), A02.3(25A02.3), A02.4(25A02.4), A02.5(25A02.5), A02.6(25A02.6), AB2.3(97AB2.3), AB2.5(97AB2.5), AB2.6(97AB2.6), AB2.7(98AB2.7)
ANQUEZ, J. KAE.6(191KAE.6)
ANTAR, Y. BP1.11(214BP1.11)
ANTAR, Y. M. DP2.8(226DP2.8)
ANTAR, Y. M. M. BP2.11(253BP2.11)
ANTONITA, M. FP2.4(266FP2.4)
AOAD, A. AB2.8(98AB2.8)
APAYDIN, N. DB3.7(117DB3.7)
APOLLONIO, F. K01.1(21K01.1), K01.2(21K01.2)
APONTE, N. GP1.44(236GP1.44)
AQUINO, M. FG.3(183FG.3), JG.1(171JG.1)
ARAGON, M. E08.3(143E08.3)
ARAKI, H. DP4.10(263DP4.10)
ARAZ, I. C11.6(157C11.6), HP2.1(276HP2.1)
ARBESSER-RASTBURG, B. FG.1(183FG.1)
ARDENNE, A. V. J02.4(42J02.4)
AREF, T. A04.6(67A04.6)
ARHAB, S. B11.6(175B11.6)
ARIAS CAMPO, M. B07.3(99B07.3)
ARIAS, F. A03.1(45A03.1)
ARICAN, G. O. CD.3(44CD.3)
ARIKAN, F. FG.10(184FG.10), G02.1(35G02.1), GP1.24(233GP1.24)
ARIKAN, O. FG.10(184FG.10), G02.1(35G02.1)
ARIMA, T. KAE.9(191KAE.9), KP1.11(249KP1.11), KP2.7(285KP2.7)
ARMANIOUS, M. E03.5(52E03.5)
ARNAUT, L. R. E10.4(181E10.4), E10.8(182E10.8), EP2.10(265EP2.10)
ARORA, P. AD.10(174AD.10)
ARSAL, A. FCA.2(203FCA.2)
ARTAR, A. DB2.6(83DB2.6)
ARTEMENKO, Y. N. JP2.18(283JP2.18)
ARULIAH, A. GP1.12(231GP1.12)
ARVAS, E. B04.6(68B04.6), B05.3(69B05.3), BP1.22(215BP1.22)
ARVAS, S. BP1.45(219BP1.45), DP2.4(225DP2.4)
AS, N. E07.7(127E07.7)
ASCHEID, G. CA.1(122CA.1)
ASHOUR-ABDALLA, M. H02.8(38H02.8)
ASKARPOUR, A. N. BP1.13(214BP1.13)
ASMAR, S. J04.4(76J04.4)
ASSEFA, S. D07.4(124D07.4)
ASSIMAKOPOULOS, P. FP1.4(229FP1.4)
ASSIS, M. S. F03.8(55F03.8)
ASTHANA, V. BJ.3(140BJ.3)
ATALAR, E. K05.5(114K05.5)
ATEFI, S. K03.2(62K03.2)
ATHIENO, R. G06.3(108G06.3)
ATHLEY, F. CB.2(49CB.2)
ATHREYA, R. J11.5(208J11.5)
ATKINSON, R. E07.4(126E07.4)
AVERIN, D. V. A04.6(67A04.6)
AWAKURA, S. K06.1(137K06.1)
AYDIN, G. BP1.22(215BP1.22)
AYERDEN, N. P. D07.9(125D07.9)
AZOULAY, A. DBC.3(71DBC.3)
AZZARONE, A. GP2.33(271GP2.33)
B
BAðCý, H. BP1.29(216BP1.29)
BAþARAN, E. AB3.2(154AB3.2)
BAAN, W. J04.2(76J04.2)
BAAN, W. A. J08.3(150J08.3)
BABA, Y. E02.2(31E02.2)
BABUR, G. F05.7(87F05.7)
BADDELEY, L. GP1.12(231GP1.12)
BADDELEY, L. J. HG3.7(133HG3.7)
BAETS, R. D07.2(124D07.2)
BAEV, A. F03.10(55F03.10)
BAGCI, H. BP1.19(215BP1.19), BP1.32(217BP1.32), EB.2(104EB.2)
BAHAR, E. K08.3(168K08.3)
BAHARI, S. A. FG.7(184FG.7), FG.8(184FG.8)
BAHCIVAN, H. G03.11(57G03.11), G03.3(56G03.3)
BAKHAREV, P. V. H09.5(165H09.5)
BAKKER, L. BJ.5(140BJ.5)
BAKTUR, R. BP2.20(255BP2.20), HP1.4(239HP1.4)
BALANIS, C. A. B03.1(47B03.1)
BALASUBRAMANIAN, R. JP2.12(282JP2.12)
BALCIUNAS, T. D03.10(51D03.10)
BALMAIN, K. HP2.11(277HP2.11)
BALTUSKA, A. D03.10(51D03.10)
BANCES, E. A03.5(45A03.5)
BANDA, J. J10.4(188J10.4)
BANDYOPADHYAY, B. AP.1(250AP.1), BP2.30(256BP2.30), FP1.1(229FP1.1), HP2.9(277HP2.9)
BANERJEE, A. AB3.4(154AB3.4)
BANERJEE, P. A03.7(46A03.7)
BANK, M. AB2.9(98AB2.9)
BARAN, E. E11.5(201E11.5)
BARBER, Z. W. AD.8(174AD.8)
BARBIERI, C. AGJ.1(118AGJ.1)
BARBUL, A. K06.7(138K06.7)
BARGBOER, G. E09.1(161E09.1)
BARKLUND, A. D07.2(124D07.2)
BARMES, I. AD.7(174AD.7)
BARONE, P. M. EP1.11(228EP1.11)
BARRIERE, P-A. KBE.1(40KBE.1)
BARTEKS, A. D03.5(50D03.5)
BARUI, S. BP2.30(256BP2.30), FP1.1(229FP1.1)
BARWICZ, T. D07.3(124D07.3)
BASAK, T. GP2.10(268GP2.10), GP2.12(268GP2.12), GP2.13(268GP2.13), GP2.15(269GP2.15), GP2.16(269GP2.16), GP2.17(269GP2.17)
BASARAN, S. C. BP2.48(258BP2.48)
BASDEMIR, H. D. BP1.8(214BP1.8)
BASE, J. GP1.26(233GP1.26)
BASTRUKOV, S. AGJ.2(118AGJ.2)
BASU, P. K. DP3.1(260DP3.1)
BASU, R. DP3.1(260DP3.1), J11.5(208J11.5)
BASU, S. G05.3(88G05.3), G06.8(109G06.8)
BASYIGIT, I. B. CA.8(123CA.8), E11.7(202E11.7)
BATEMANE, T. JP1.4(244JP1.4)
BATISTA, I. G08.5(145G08.5)
BATISTA, I. S. GP1.39(235GP1.39)
BATRA, B. C01.1(8C01.1)
BAUDOIN, G. C11.3(157C11.3)
BAUDRY, A. J10.2(188J10.2), JP1.12(245JP1.12)
BAUM, C. E. E03.6(52E03.6)
BAUMANN, E. AD.8(174AD.8)
BAVA, J. A. F08.1(153F08.1)
BAYER, S. E. B04.5(68B04.5)
BEARD, R. L. A03.2(45A03.2)
BEASLEY, W. H. GHE2.4(192GHE2.4)
BECK, A. D03.11(51D03.11)
BECK, R. J01.6(19J01.6)
BEHAR, J. K08.2(168K08.2)
BEHARI, J. K06.8(138K06.8)
BEHDAD, N. KBE.2(40KBE.2)
BEIGANG, R. DAF1.2(159DAF1.2), DAF2.1(179DAF2.1)
BEJOT, P. D08.1(142D08.1)
BELEAKI, A. GP1.53(237GP1.53)
BELKEBIR, K. B11.6(175B11.6)
BELL, T. GP2.8(268GP2.8), HP1.23(242HP1.23)
BELL, T. F. HG1.1(90HG1.1), HG1.2(90HG1.2), HG3.4(132HG3.4)
BELYEY, V. G03.9(57G03.9)
BEN AYED, M. C11.7(158C11.7)
BENCHEIKH, K. D03.8(51D03.8)
BENEDICK, A. D03.3(50D03.3)
BENEDICK, A. J. ABD.3(5ABD.3)
BENKEVITCH, L. J11.2(208J11.2)
BEN-ROMDHANE, M. C06.5(70C06.5)
BENSON, R. F. HG1.4(90HG1.4), HG2.1(110HG2.1), HG2.2(110HG2.2), HG2.4(110HG2.4), HP2.7(277HP2.7)
BENTUM, M. E08.2(143E08.2), J04.2(76J04.2)
BERA, R. F05.4(86F05.4)
BERA, S. F05.4(86F05.4)
BERBINEAU, M. CBD.2(82CBD.2)
BERGAMIN, L. B01.4(7B01.4)
BERGINC, G. B11.10(176B11.10)
BERGQUIST, J. C. ABD.4(5ABD.4)
BERNAL MENDEZ, J. E11.4(201E11.4)
BERNGARDT, O. I. G01.4(15G01.4), GP1.46(236GP1.46)
BERNHARDI, E. H. DP3.3(260DP3.3)
BERNHARDT, P. HG3.6(133HG3.6)
BERNHARDT, P. A. BP2.22(255BP2.22), G05.1(88G05.1), HG3.5(132HG3.5), HG3.9(133HG3.9)
BERTHELIER, J-J. G02.9(36G02.9), HP1.26(242HP1.26)
BESNIER, P. E01.4(11E01.4)
BHARUTHRAM, R. HP1.13(240HP1.13)
BHASKAR, D. F05.4(86F05.4)
BHATNAGAR, S. J06.5(112J06.5)
BHATTACHARYA, A. F03.3(54F03.3)
BHATTACHARYA, D. JP2.5(281JP2.5)
BHATTI, S. A. E07.4(126E07.4)
BHLMANN, B. KAE.4(190KAE.4), KP2.2(284KP2.2)
BHOSALE, J. A02.2(25A02.2), A02.3(25A02.3), A02.6(25A02.6)
BHOSALE, J. S. A02.4(25A02.4)
BHOWMICK, D. GP1.8(231GP1.8)
BIAGGIO, I. D07.2(124D07.2)
BIANCHI, C. GP1.54(237GP1.54), GP2.33(271GP2.33)
BIBL, K. HG3.8(133HG3.8)
BICEN, A. O. C06.1(70C06.1)
BIGELOW, W. S. E03.11(53E03.11)
BIGNALL, H. E. J11.1(208J11.1)
BIJ DE VAATE, J. G. J02.4(42J02.4), J03.8(61J03.8)
BILGI, M. M. BP2.29(256BP2.29)
BILGIC, M. M. B07.10(100B07.10), BP2.44(258BP2.44)
BILITZA, D. G02.2(35G02.2), G02.4(35G02.4), G02.9(36G02.9), GP1.51(237GP1.51), HG2.1(110HG2.1), HG2.2(110HG2.2), HG2.4(110HG2.4)
BIOUELE, C. M. HP2.13(278HP2.13)
BIRD, M. K. J05.4(92J05.4)
BIRGE, J. R. DB1.4(29DB1.4)
BISWAS, B. C01.3(8C01.3), C01.4(8C01.4), C01.5(8C01.5)
BISWAS, B. N. CD.4(44CD.4)
BISWAS, S. H09.1(165H09.1)
BITIRGAN, M. CA.8(123CA.8), F02.9(34F02.9)
BIZE, S. AD.1(173AD.1)
BLACKWELL, D. HP2.3(276HP2.3)
BLAGOVESCHENSKAYA, N. F. G01.4(15G01.4)
BLAGOVESHCHENSKAYA, N. F. HG4.5(148HG4.5)
BLAGOVESHCHENSKY, D. V. GP2.5(267GP2.5)
BLAKESLEE, R. J. GHE1.1(147GHE1.1)
BLANC, E. GHE1.5(147GHE1.5)
BLELLY, P-L. GHE1.5(147GHE1.5)
BLOCH, I. KAE.6(191KAE.6)
BLOSS, M. JP1.3(244JP1.3)
BLUMBERG, D. G. J05.1(92J05.1)
BOCHKAREV, V. V. GP1.23(233GP1.23), GP2.2(267GP2.2)
BOCK, D. C. -J. J07.12(135J07.12)
BOEGE, A. E07.6(126E07.6)
BOGAERTS, W. D07.2(124D07.2)
BOLLI, P. A03.9(46A03.9)
BOLOMEY, J-C. D01.3(9D01.3), KBE.1(40KBE.1)
BOLTON, R. J03.6(60J03.6), J10.8(189J10.8)
BONEV, I. B. BP2.27(256BP2.27)
BONGARD, F. BD1.7(27BD1.7)
BONK, R. D07.2(124D07.2)
BONNET, P. E01.2(11E01.2)
BOONSTRA, A-J. E08.2(143E08.2), J04.2(76J04.2)
BOPPEL, B. DAF2.9(180DAF2.9)
BORBA, G. G08.5(145G08.5)
BORGHYS, D. C. DF.5(200DF.5)
BORTNIK, J. H03.11(59H03.11), H03.9(59H03.9)
BORTOLI, D. F06.8(107F06.8)
BORTOLUCCI, E. C. JP2.10(282JP2.10)
BOSE, M. HP2.9(277HP2.9)
BOSKA, J. G07.10(131G07.10)
BOUBANGA TOMBET, S. A. DAF1.7(160DAF1.7)
BOUBEKEUR, T. KAE.6(191KAE.6)
BOUGARD, B. G07.2(130G07.2)
BOULANGER, B. D03.8(51D03.8)
BOULANGER, J-S. A03.5(45A03.5)
BOUMAIZA, S. C11.7(158C11.7)
BOURGEOIS, P-Y. ABD.2(5ABD.2)
BOURLIER, C. F06.3(106F06.3), F06.4(106F06.4)
BOURQUI, J. KBE.6(40KBE.6)
BOURTHOUMIEU, S. S. K06.5(137K06.5)
BOUZIANAS, G. D. EP2.3(264EP2.3)
BOWEN, L. H. E03.11(53E03.11)
BOWMAN, J. D. J01.4(19J01.4)
BOZKURT, K. GP1.62(238GP1.62)
BRADARIC, I. EP2.1(264EP2.1)
BRANDSTROM, U. G03.4(56G03.4)
BRANDT, P. JP1.3(244JP1.3)
BRANITSKY, A. V. HP2.10(277HP2.10)
BREGLIA, A. BP2.42(258BP2.42)
BREGMAN, J. D. JP1.17(246JP1.17)
BREITHUBER, C. K05.7(115K05.7)
BRENNAN, P. C12.4(177C12.4)
BRENTJENS, M. A. J01.7(20J01.7)
BRICZINSKI, S. HG3.6(133HG3.6)
BRICZINSKI, S. J. GP2.30(271GP2.30), HG3.5(132HG3.5)
BRIDA, D. D03.1(50D03.1)
BRIDGWOOD, C. G06.8(109G06.8)
BRIGGS, M. S. GHE1.1(147GHE1.1)
BRIJRAJ, S. HP2.19(279HP2.19)
BRISSINGER, D. DP3.6(260DP3.6)
BRITO, R. J10.4(188J10.4)
BROCKETT, T. AB1.2(78AB1.2)
BROEKEMA, P. C. JP1.1(244JP1.1)
BROGIONI, M. F04.3(73F04.3), F06.1(106F06.1)
BROWN, A. JP1.4(244JP1.4)
BROWN, D. G. E03.6(52E03.6)
BROWN, S. A. G02.4(35G02.4)
BROWN, S. T. F07.6(129F07.6)
BRUNAZZI, D. EP2.7(265EP2.7)
BRYN’KO, I. GP1.25(233GP1.25)
BRYN'KO, I. GP2.24(270GP2.24), HG3.11(133HG3.11)
BUEHRER, R. M. K04.6(93K04.6)
BUESINK, F. J. K. A04.1(66A04.1)
BUGAEV, A. BP1.30(217BP1.30), K04.5(93K04.5)
BUKHARIN, V. A. BP1.23(216BP1.23)
BULLETT, T. W. G04.3(74G04.3), GP1.31(234GP1.31)
BULTITUDE, R. CA.6(123CA.6)
BULTITUDE, R. J. C. C12.2(177C12.2)
BUNCH, N. L. HP1.28(243HP1.28)
BUNTON, J. D. JP1.4(244JP1.4)
BURESOVA, D. G07.10(131G07.10)
BURGESS, T. JP1.13(245JP1.13), JP1.14(246JP1.14)
BURITI, R. G08.5(145G08.5)
BURKE-SPOLAOR, S. GP2.41(273GP2.41), JP2.4(281JP2.4)
BURLA, M. DP3.3(260DP3.3)
BUROKUR, S. N. DP4.2(262DP4.2), DP4.3(262DP4.3)
BURR, A. C12.6(177C12.6)
BURSHE, G. A02.5(25A02.5), AB2.5(97AB2.5), AB2.7(98AB2.7)
BUSSA, S. JP1.3(244JP1.3)
BUTLER, B. J. J11.6(209J11.6), JP2.1(281JP2.1)
BUTLER, J. KP2.10(285KP2.10)
C
C K, A. AB2.10(98AB2.10), AB2.2(97AB2.2), AP.7(251AP.7)
CABOT, E. K05.1(114K05.1), K05.2(114K05.2)
CADOSSI, R. K08.1(168K08.1)
CAIRNS, I. H. J11.2(208J11.2)
CALDEIRINHA, R. F. FCA.1(203FCA.1)
CALDEIRINHA, R. F. S. F03.4(54F03.4)
CALDERS, S. G08.3(145G08.3)
CALOZ, C. AB3.7(155AB3.7), B01.3(7B01.3), B10.6(156B10.6), BD1.9(27BD1.9), BP2.3(252BP2.3), DB1.7(30DB1.7)
CAMINITA, F. BD1.3(26BD1.3)
CAMPBELL, D. B. BJ.2(140BJ.2), J05.5(92J05.5), J07.13(135J07.13)
CAMPIONE, S. B06.2(80B06.2)
CAN, Z. GP1.62(238GP1.62)
CANALIAS, C. D08.4(142D08.4)
CANAVERO, F. G. E10.7(182E10.7), E11.1(201E11.1)
CANBAY, C. KBE.9(41KBE.9)
CANDER, L. GP1.50(237GP1.50)
CANGELLARIS, A. C. BD2.7(121BD2.7), EB.3(104EB.3)
CANTA, S. M. B03.6(47B03.6)
CANU, P. HG2.9(111HG2.9)
CAO, J. H03.8(59H03.8)
CAO, J. B. H10.2(186H10.2)
CAPASSO, F. DB2.3(83DB2.3)
CAPDEVILA, S. D01.3(9D01.3)
CAPOLINO, F. B06.2(80B06.2), BP2.18(254BP2.18), DB3.3(116DB3.3)
CAPOZZOLI, A. BP2.42(258BP2.42)
CAPRARO, G. T. EP2.1(264EP2.1)
CAPSONI, C. F02.7(34F02.7)
CAPSTICK, M. K03.3(62K03.3)
CARATELLI, D. B12.6(196B12.6)
CARLSON, B. J07.21(136J07.21), JP1.14(246JP1.14)
CARLSON, B. E. E09.3(161E09.3), GHE1.3(147GHE1.3), GHE1.4(147GHE1.4)
CARLUCCIO, G. B03.11(48B03.11)
CARPENTER, D. L. HG1.1(90HG1.1), HG1.2(90HG1.2), HG1.3(90HG1.3)
CARRANO, C. G06.8(109G06.8)
CARTA, A. BP2.21(255BP2.21), KB.4(210KB.4)
CARTER, D. BJ.3(140BJ.3)
CARVALHO, N. B. C10.2(141C10.2), CP.7(221CP.7)
CASALETTI, M. B10.3(156B10.3), EB.6(104EB.6)
CASSAN, E. D03.11(51D03.11)
CASTRO, J. J10.4(188J10.4)
CATALKAYA, I. BP2.16(254BP2.16)
CATAPANO, I. B11.4(175B11.4)
CATES, J. K07.3(151K07.3)
CATON, R. G06.8(109G06.8)
CECCONI, B. JP2.7(282JP2.7)
CECIL, S. K05.7(115K05.7)
CELIK, A. B04.5(68B04.5)
CELIK, N. B07.2(99B07.2)
CELIK, S. CA.8(123CA.8), F02.9(34F02.9)
CENGIZ, O. CD.3(44CD.3)
CERNIGLIARO, A. A03.11(46A03.11)
CERULLO, G. D03.1(50D03.1)
CERVERA, M. A. G07.1(130G07.1), G07.7(131G07.7)
CETIN, A. E. DP3.5(260DP3.5)
CETINKAYA, H. BP1.40(218BP1.40), BP1.42(218BP1.42), BP1.43(218BP1.43), DAF2.5(179DAF2.5), F05.2(86F05.2)
CHADWICK, R. G06.4(108G06.4), GP1.19(232GP1.19)
CHAHAL, P. B07.1(99B07.1)
CHAKI, R. AC.5(194AC.5)
CHAKRABARTI, S. GP2.14(269GP2.14), GP2.52(274GP2.52)
CHAKRABARTI, S. K. G08.4(145G08.4), GP2.10(268GP2.10), GP2.12(268GP2.12), GP2.13(268GP2.13), GP2.14(269GP2.14), GP2.15(269GP2.15), GP2.16(269GP2.16), GP2.17(269GP2.17), GP2.18(269GP2.18), GP2.22(270GP2.22), GP2.52(274GP2.52), GP2.53(274GP2.53), GP2.55(275GP2.55)
CHAKRABORTY, S. CP.8(221CP.8)
CHAKRAVARTY, K. F07.4(128F07.4)
CHAKRAVARTY, T. BD2.11(121BD2.11)
CHAN, E. H. DP1.5(223DP1.5)
CHAN, S. DAF1.7(160DAF1.7)
CHANDRA, S. JP2.3(281JP2.3)
CHANDRASEKAR, V. F01.5(13F01.5)
CHANDRASEKHARAN NAIR, V. G01.3(15G01.3), GP1.36(235GP1.36)
CHANDWANI, J. A02.1(25A02.1)
CHANG, C. L. HG3.1(132HG3.1), HP2.14(278HP2.14)
CHANG, G. D03.3(50D03.3)
CHANG, G. S. G05.5(88G05.5)
CHANG, H-C. DP3.4(260DP3.4)
CHANG, S-C. GHE2.1(192GHE2.1)
CHANG, S-J. AP.3(250AP.3)
CHANG, T-Y. D07.11(125D07.11)
CHAO, D. D03.3(50D03.3)
CHARRIER, D. JP1.18(246JP1.18)
CHATTERJEE, S. C01.3(8C01.3), C01.4(8C01.4), C01.5(8C01.5), CD.4(44CD.4)
CHATTOPADHYAY, G. AP.1(250AP.1), DAF2.4(179DAF2.4), F07.11(129F07.11), FP1.1(229FP1.1)
CHAU, J. G08.2(145G08.2), GP2.28(271GP2.28)
CHAU, J. L. G03.8(57G03.8), G09.3(164G09.3), GP1.6(230GP1.6), GP2.7(268GP2.7), H01.7(18H01.7)
CHAU, S-L. D03.9(51D03.9)
CHAUDHURI, S. R. JP2.12(282JP2.12)
CHAULYA, S. K. C05.5(64C05.5)
CHEN, A. GHE2.1(192GHE2.1)
CHEN, C. Y. G05.5(88G05.5)
CHEN, C-H. AP.4(250AP.4)
CHEN, C-P. DP3.4(260DP3.4)
CHEN, G. F07.7(129F07.7), HG1.7(91HG1.7)
CHEN, H. J11.4(208J11.4), JP1.3(244JP1.3)
CHEN, H-M. AP.4(250AP.4)
CHEN, L. DP4.1(262DP4.1), H03.3(58H03.3)
CHEN, L-J. DB1.3(29DB1.3)
CHEN, M-C. D03.10(51D03.10)
CHEN, S. P. G05.5(88G05.5)
CHEN, T. AC.1(194AC.1)
CHEN, W-S. GP1.21(233GP1.21), GP1.7(231GP1.7)
CHEN, X. B11.1(175B11.1), F07.2(128F07.2)
CHEN, Y. KBE.7(41KBE.7)
CHEN, Y-C. AP.2(250AP.2), AP.3(250AP.3), AP.4(250AP.4)
CHEN, Y-I. GHE3.5(204GHE3.5)
CHEN, Z. J05.6(92J05.6), JP2.9(282JP2.9)
CHENG, C. AC.1(194AC.1)
CHENG, G. G. K04.3(93K04.3)
CHENGALUR, J. JP2.12(282JP2.12), JP2.5(281JP2.5)
CHERNIAK, I. V. G02.3(35G02.3), GP1.11(231GP1.11), GP1.14(232GP1.14), GP1.60(238GP1.60), GP2.26(270GP2.26), GP2.51(274GP2.51)
CHEW, W. C. BP1.9(214BP1.9)
CHI, P-L. DB3.6(116DB3.6)
CHI, Y. HP2.25(280HP2.25)
CHIANG, C. W. F07.8(129F07.8)
CHIANG, Y-J. DAF2.2(179DAF2.2)
CHIARI, M. K08.4(168K08.4)
CHILD, M. B. FCA.5(203FCA.5)
CHIPPENDALE, A. P. BJ.1(140BJ.1)
CHISTYAKOVA, L. GP1.25(233GP1.25), GP2.24(270GP2.24)
CHO, D. H. EP2.8(265EP2.8)
CHO, I. H. GP1.27(234GP1.27)
CHODOROWSKI, A. K07.6(152K07.6)
CHOI, H-D. KAE.2(190KAE.2)
CHOI, K. BD2.11(121BD2.11)
CHOI, S. BD2.4(120BD2.4)
CHOU, J-K. GHE2.1(192GHE2.1)
CHOUDHURY, A. GP2.9(268GP2.9)
CHOUDHURY, A. K. GP2.55(275GP2.55)
CHOUDHURY, B. J. FP1.2(229FP1.2)
CHRISSOULIDIS, D. P. F03.1(54F03.1)
CHRIST, A. K05.1(114K05.1), K05.2(114K05.2)
CHRISTODOULOU, C. G. E03.6(52E03.6)
CHRISTOPOULOS, C. E01.1(11E01.1), E10.3(181E10.3), E11.6(202E11.6), EB.1(104EB.1)
CHU, F-D. GP1.21(233GP1.21), GP1.7(231GP1.7)
CHUGUNOV, Y. HG3.10(133HG3.10)
CHUKHLANTSEV, A. FP2.2(266FP2.2)
CHUKWUMA, V. U. GP1.35(235GP1.35)
CHUM, J. GP1.26(233GP1.26), HP2.23(279HP2.23)
CHUN, B-K. DB3.3(116DB3.3)
CHUN, Y. B. EP2.8(265EP2.8)
CHUNG, S-Y. DP3.4(260DP3.4)
CILLIERS, P. J. GP1.3(230GP1.3)
CINAR, G. BP2.1(252BP2.1)
CIRAOLO, L. GHE3.6(205GHE3.6)
CITKAYA, A. Y. F04.2(73F04.2)
CIYDEM, M. B07.10(100B07.10)
CLARKE, T. E. J02.3(42J02.3)
CLARKSON, S. KBE.4(40KBE.4)
CLILVERD, M. H03.9(59H03.9), H11.5(206H11.5), HP1.1(239HP1.1)
CLILVERD, M. A. H03.11(59H03.11), H11.4(206H11.4), HP1.26(242HP1.26)
CLOETE, K. J03.5(60J03.5)
CLOSE, S. GP1.45(236GP1.45), H11.2(206H11.2)
CLUZEL, B. D07.7(125D07.7), DP3.6(260DP3.6), DP3.8(261DP3.8)
COBB, J. J11.4(208J11.4)
COCCETTI, F. BD2.3(120BD2.3), DB1.6(29DB1.6)
COCHERIL, Y. CBD.2(82CBD.2)
CODDINGTON, I. AD.8(174AD.8)
CODER, J. E01.5(11E01.5)
CODOGNO, G. AGJ.1(118AGJ.1)
COETZEE, H. G04.4(74G04.4)
COGNARD, I. AGJ.5(118AGJ.5)
COHEN, J. J05.1(92J05.1)
COHEN, M. B. E09.3(161E09.3), E09.4(161E09.4), GHE1.3(147GHE1.3), GHE2.4(192GHE2.4), H04.2(77H04.2), HG3.2(132HG3.2)
COILLET, A. DP3.6(260DP3.6)
COLEMAN, C. J. G01.5(15G01.5), GP2.31(271GP2.31), JG.3(171JG.3)
COLLIER, A. H11.5(206H11.5)
COLLIER, A. B. GHE1.2(147GHE1.2), GHE1.3(147GHE1.3), H03.9(59H03.9), HG1.5(90HG1.5), HP1.1(239HP1.1), HP1.21(242HP1.21), HP1.22(242HP1.22), HP2.19(279HP2.19), HP2.21(279HP2.21), HP2.4(276HP2.4), HP2.5(276HP2.5)
COLLIN, A. K06.6(138K06.6)
COLLIN, A. A. K06.5(137K06.5)
COLMAN, G. W. K. CBD.3(82CBD.3)
CONESSA, C. KBE.1(40KBE.1)
CONIL, E. KAE.6(191KAE.6), KB.6(211KB.6)
CONNAUGHTON, V. GHE1.1(147GHE1.1)
CONTRI, G. D01.1(9D01.1)
COOPER, K. B. DAF2.4(179DAF2.4)
COOPER, R. KP2.10(285KP2.10)
CORDER, S. A. J10.10(189J10.10)
CORDES, J. J11.4(208J11.4)
CORDES, J. M. AGJ.4(118AGJ.4), J03.11(61J03.11)
COREY, B. E. J01.4(19J01.4)
CORNILLEAU-WEHRLIN, N. H04.1(77H04.1)
CORTES-MEDELLIN, G. BJ.2(140BJ.2)
COSTA, E. F03.7(55F03.7), G05.2(88G05.2), G05.3(88G05.3)
COSTA, F. DAF2.2(179DAF2.2), DP4.7(263DP4.7)
COSTA, M. J. F06.8(107F06.8)
COSTER, A. J. G06.6(109G06.6), G09.2(164G09.2), J11.2(208J11.2), JG.2(171JG.2)
COTHRAN, C. HP2.3(276HP2.3)
COTTON, W. D. J01.2(19J01.2)
COX, J. A. ABD.3(5ABD.3), AD.6(173AD.6)
COZZA, A. E10.5(181E10.5)
CREPAZ, A. F06.1(106F06.1)
CRETALLAZ, C. K06.6(138K06.6)
CROCCO, L. B11.4(175B11.4)
CRYAN, M. FP1.4(229FP1.4)
CUCHE, A. DB2.5(83DB2.5)
CUHACI, M. BP2.24(255BP2.24)
CUI, B. AB1.5(78AB1.5)
CULHAOGLU, A. E. BP1.18(215BP1.18)
CULLENS, E. AP.6(251AP.6)
CUMMER, S. A. DB3.4(116DB3.4), GHE1.1(147GHE1.1), GHE2.4(192GHE2.4)
CURCIO, C. BP2.42(258BP2.42)
CUTLER, J. G03.11(57G03.11)
CZINK, N. CBD.1(82CBD.1)
D
DA SILVA, M. A. N. F03.7(55F03.7)
DAABOUL, G. G. D07.10(125D07.10)
DABAS, R. S. G05.7(89G05.7), GP1.33(234GP1.33), GP1.48(237GP1.48)
DABEK, J. K07.4(151K07.4)
D'ADDARIO, L. R. JP1.8(245JP1.8)
DADGARNIA, A. BP2.31(256BP2.31)
DAGHER, M. DB1.7(30DB1.7)
DAHLBACK, R. N. KP1.8(249KP1.8)
DAHLEM, M. S. D07.3(124D07.3)
DAHMAN, G. S. C12.2(177C12.2)
DAIBOO, S. J07.20(136J07.20)
DAMA, Y. A. AC.7(195AC.7)
DAMA, Y. A. S. C02.5(28C02.5), FCA.5(203FCA.5)
DAMTIE, B. HP2.13(278HP2.13)
DANIEL, J-P. DP4.2(262DP4.2)
DANIELE, V. B12.7(197B12.7)
DANIELE, V. G. B03.10(48B03.10)
DANILKIN, N. P. HG2.3(110HG2.3), HP2.26(280HP2.26)
DANSKIN, D. W. G06.4(108G06.4), GP2.38(272GP2.38)
DARTMANN, G. CA.1(122CA.1)
DAS, A. GP1.8(231GP1.8)
DAS, R. M. G05.7(89G05.7), GP1.33(234GP1.33), GP1.48(237GP1.48)
DAS, S. BP1.6(213BP1.6), F02.6(33F02.6)
DAS, S. K. F07.8(129F07.8)
DAS, S. S. F06.5(106F06.5)
DAS, T. GP1.8(231GP1.8)
DAS, T. K. FP1.1(229FP1.1)
DASGUPTA, A. GP1.8(231GP1.8)
DAVALOS, R. V. K01.6(22K01.6)
DAVIDENKO, D. V. GP2.32(271GP2.32)
DAVIDS, P. S. D07.6(124D07.6)
DAVIS, R. J. J07.5(134J07.5)
DAVIS, W. A. AB1.4(78AB1.4)
DAWSON, D. E. F07.6(129F07.6)
DCRAU, P. H10.5(186H10.5)
DE BLESER, J-W. BP1.26(216BP1.26), F03.9(55F03.9)
DE BRUYN, A. G. J01.6(19J01.6), J01.7(20J01.7), J08.4(150J08.4)
DE BRUYN, G. J06.4(112J06.4)
DE CARLOS LOPEZ, E. A03.5(45A03.5)
DE CARVALHO, R. A03.5(45A03.5)
DE FERAUDY, H. HP2.24(279HP2.24)
DE FLAVIIS, F. DBC.4(71DBC.4)
DE FORNEL, F. A. D07.7(125D07.7), DP3.6(260DP3.6), DP3.8(261DP3.8)
DE GRAAUW, A. J. M. CA.10(123CA.10)
DE HON, B. P. B12.3(196B12.3)
DE KEYSER, J. G08.3(145G08.3)
DE LA PLATA, J. KAE.6(191KAE.6)
DE LUSTRAC, A. DP4.2(262DP4.2), DP4.3(262DP4.3), DP4.4(262DP4.4)
DE MANIZIS, L. E10.3(181E10.3)
DE MARTINIS, U. E02.4(31E02.4)
DE PAULA, E. R. G05.2(88G05.2), G09.5(164G09.5)
DE REZENDE, L. F. C. G05.2(88G05.2)
DE SANTIS, V. KBE.6(40KBE.6)
DE SOUZA, L. JP1.4(244JP1.4)
DE YONG, Y. CA.6(123CA.6)
DE ZUTTER, D. E11.3(201E11.3)
DE, A. BP1.21(215BP1.21)
DE, B. K. FP1.1(229FP1.1), GP2.9(268GP2.9), HP2.9(277HP2.9)
DE, D. CP.4(220CP.4), CP.6(220CP.6), CP.8(221CP.8)
DE, M. BP2.30(256BP2.30)
DE, S. S. AP.1(250AP.1), BP2.30(256BP2.30), EP1.9(228EP1.9), F07.11(129F07.11), FP1.1(229FP1.1), FP1.3(229FP1.3), HP2.9(277HP2.9)
DECREAU, P. M. E. HG2.9(111HG2.9)
DEGARDIN, V. E07.2(126E07.2)
DEGAUQUE, P. E07.2(126E07.2)
DEGIRON, A. DP4.4(262DP4.4)
DEKORSY, T. D03.5(50D03.5)
DELAVEAUD, C. DBC.3(71DBC.3)
DELLA GIOVAMPAOLA, C. B03.7(48B03.7)
DELPORT, B. H03.9(59H03.9)
DEMAAGT, P. F01.6(13F01.6)
DEMEKHOV, A. H03.6(59H03.6), HP1.25(242HP1.25)
DEMEKHOV, A. G. HP1.27(243HP1.27)
DEMIR, &. CD.2(44CD.2)
DEMIR, S. CP.15(222CP.15)
DEMIRCAN, A. D08.5(142D08.5)
DEMIRCI, S. BP1.40(218BP1.40), DAF2.5(179DAF2.5), F05.2(86F05.2)
DEMIREL, S. C01.6(8C01.6), CD.1(44CD.1)
DEMIRHAN, Y. DAF1.4(159DAF1.4), DP4.10(263DP4.10)
DEMOREST, P. JP1.3(244JP1.3)
DENGLER, R. DAF2.4(179DAF2.4)
DENIS, L. JP1.18(246JP1.18)
DESCAMPS, P. DP2.9(226DP2.9)
DESGREYS, P. C06.5(70C06.5)
DESHPANDE, A. A. J11.7(209J11.7)
DESVIGNES, G. JP1.3(244JP1.3)
DEVANANDHAN, S. H01.3(17H01.3)
DEVITO, T. K07.5(151K07.5)
DEWANGAN, G. C. JP2.5(281JP2.5)
DEWDNEY, P. E. J03.4(60J03.4), J03.5(60J03.5)
DHAOUADI, M. DP1.4(223DP1.4)
DI CARLO, A. BD2.6(120BD2.6)
DI DONATO, L. B11.4(175B11.4)
DI MATTIA, V. K01.2(21K01.2)
DIAO, C-C. AP.2(250AP.2)
DIAS, F. D08.2(142D08.2)
DIAZ-BOLADO, A. KBE.1(40KBE.1)
DIAZ-MUNOZ, N. A03.5(45A03.5)
DIDDAMS, S. A. ABD.4(5ABD.4)
DIENDORFER, G. E02.1(31E02.1), HP2.23(279HP2.23)
DIET, A. C11.3(157C11.3)
DIETRICH, S. H03.11(59H03.11)
DIKMEN, F. BP1.7(213BP1.7)
DIMANT, Y. S. H01.5(17H01.5)
DINIZ, J. A. JP2.10(282JP2.10)
DINU, R. D07.2(124D07.2)
D'INZEO, G. K01.1(21K01.1), K01.2(21K01.2)
DISERBO, M. K06.6(138K06.6)
DLAY, S. KBE.7(41KBE.7)
DOBSICEK TREFNA, H. K08.7(169K08.7)
DOELEMAN, S. JP1.11(245JP1.11), JP1.12(245JP1.12)
DOERING, O. E01.3(11E01.3)
DOHERTY, P. H. G06.2(108G06.2)
DOKEN, B. AB3.3(154AB3.3), BP2.17(254BP2.17)
DOLMANS, G. DP1.2(223DP1.2)
DONG, D. KP1.1(248KP1.1)
DOORNBOS, E. G06.5(108G06.5)
DOT, A. D03.8(51D03.8)
DOUGHERTY, S. M. J07.21(136J07.21)
DOUGLAS, M. K03.3(62K03.3), K05.2(114K05.2)
DOXAS, I. HG3.1(132HG3.1), HP2.14(278HP2.14)
DREZET, A. DB2.5(83DB2.5)
DROMA, M. O. EP1.6(227EP1.6)
DU BURCK, F. DP2.7(226DP2.7)
DUBININ, E. M. H10.1(186H10.1), HP2.18(278HP2.18)
DUCHENE, B. KBE.1(40KBE.1)
DUDKIN, F. EGH.6(72EGH.6)
DUDLEY, J. M. D03.7(51D03.7), D08.2(142D08.2)
DUMAS, C. D07.7(125D07.7)
DUMBRAVA, Z. GP2.24(270GP2.24)
DUMON, P. D07.2(124D07.2)
DUNLAP, C. E01.5(11E01.5)
DUNLOP, M. W. H02.5(37H02.5), H02.7(38H02.7)
DUQUE, D. B12.3(196B12.3)
DURAND, S. J02.3(42J02.3)
DURGUT, K. BP2.1(252BP2.1)
DURIEUX, S. FCA.6(203FCA.6)
DUROC, Y. B07.6(99B07.6)
DURSUN, A. C11.6(157C11.6)
DURU, F. HG2.7(111HG2.7), HG2.8(111HG2.8)
DUTTA, S. C05.5(64C05.5)
DUVILLARET, L. DP3.7(261DP3.7)
DUYAR, M. BP2.12(253BP2.12)
DWYER, J. R. GHE1.1(147GHE1.1)
DYRUD, L. G08.2(145G08.2), GP2.29(271GP2.29)
DZIAK-JANKOWSKA, B. G07.9(131G07.9)
E
E. GAXIOLA-SOSA, J. KP2.10(285KP2.10)
EBIHARA, Y. CHGBDJK.6(101CHGBDJK.6)
ECONOMOU, L. GP1.20(233GP1.20)
EDELEVIK, F. K07.6(152K07.6)
EDEMSKIY, I. K. GP1.10(231GP1.10), GP2.11(268GP2.11)
EDIN, H. BP2.2(252BP2.2)
EDWARDS, P. JP2.1(281JP2.1)
EGGERS, P. C. F02.1(33F02.1)
EIBERT, T. F. A04.4(66A04.4), B04.2(68B04.2), EB.5(104EB.5)
EIKEMA, K. S. E. AD.7(174AD.7)
EKAWATI, S. GP2.4(267GP2.4)
EKERS, R. GP2.41(273GP2.41), JP2.4(281JP2.4)
EKERS, R. D. JP1.20(246JP1.20)
EKMEKCI, E. DP4.6(262DP4.6)
EKSIM, A. C13.4(198C13.4)
EL LEMDANI MAZOUZ, F. H10.5(186H10.5)
EL SAHILI, A. C06.2(70C06.2)
EL-ALAOUI, M. H02.8(38H02.8)
ELAM, M. K07.6(152K07.6)
ELFERGANI, I. T. AC.7(195AC.7)
ELFERGANI, I. T. E. C02.5(28C02.5)
EL-FISHAWY, N. C05.4(64C05.4)
EL-FISHAWY, N. A. CP.11(221CP.11)
EL-GANAINY, N. O. C13.7(199C13.7)
EL-HENNAWY, H. M. BP1.3(213BP1.3)
ELIASSON, B. H03.1(58H03.1), HP2.7(277HP2.7)
ELKASSIR, B. DP2.9(226DP2.9)
EL-KHAMY, S. E. C13.2(198C13.2)
EL-KHAMY, S. E-S. C13.7(199C13.7)
EL-LEMDANI MAZOUZ, F. HP2.24(279HP2.24)
ELLGARDT, A. AB3.5(154AB3.5)
ELMAHGOUB, K. BD2.10(121BD2.10)
ELMAS, Z. G. FG.3(183FG.3)
ELMER, M. BJ.3(140BJ.3)
ELRAMLY, S. H. AC.2(194AC.2)
ELSAYED, H. A. C13.2(198C13.2)
ELSAYED, H. A. E. A. AC.2(194AC.2)
ELSAYED, M. A. KAE.5(190KAE.5)
ELSHERBENI, A. BD2.10(121BD2.10)
ELSHERBENI, A. Z. BP1.22(215BP1.22)
ELSHERBINI, A. F05.1(86F05.1)
ENDROYONO, E. DP4.12(263DP4.12)
ENELL, C-F. G03.10(57G03.10)
ENGARGIOLA, G. J10.5(188J10.5)
ENGE, P. K. GL3.1(172GL3.1)
ENGHETA, N. BD1.10(27BD1.10)
ENGINEER, S. JP2.12(282JP2.12)
ENTESARI, K. KP2.10(285KP2.10)
EPHISHOV, I. I. GP1.11(231GP1.11)
ERDEN, F. BP2.8(253BP2.8)
ERGIN, A. B04.5(68B04.5)
ERGIN, A. A. BP2.34(257BP2.34), BP2.35(257BP2.35)
ERGUL, O. B05.5(69B05.5)
ERICKSON, P. J. G06.6(109G06.6), J11.2(208J11.2), JG.2(171JG.2)
ERKINTALO, M. D08.2(142D08.2)
ERNST, T. G07.9(131G07.9)
ERRICOLO, D. B03.10(48B03.10), B03.6(47B03.6)
ERSHOV, A. V. BP1.23(216BP1.23)
ERTURK, V. B. BP1.47(219BP1.47)
ERYAMAN, Y. K05.5(114K05.5)
ESCOFFIER, R. JP1.12(245JP1.12)
ESCOUBET, P. HG2.10(111HG2.10)
ESEN BAYER, S. B06.5(80B06.5)
ESHRAH, I. A. BP2.45(258BP2.45)
ES'KIN, V. A. H09.5(165H09.5), HP2.8(277HP2.8)
ESLAMI, A. K03.2(62K03.2)
ESTENBERG, J. K03.2(62K03.2)
EXCELL, P. S. AC.7(195AC.7)
F
FAHMY, M. F. CP.1(220CP.1)
FAHMY, O. M. CP.1(220CP.1)
FAINBERG, J. HG1.4(90HG1.4), HG2.1(110HG2.1)
FALKENSTEIN, E. A. DP1.3(223DP1.3)
FALLEN, C. HG4.3(148HG4.3)
FANAYEV, I. A. C12.9(178C12.9)
FANG, C. BP1.4(213BP1.4)
FANG, C-H. EB.10(105EB.10)
FARAJ, N. KAE.6(191KAE.6)
FARAJI-DANA, R. B07.8(100B07.8), BP1.13(214BP1.13)
FARAONE, A. KB.4(210KB.4)
FARR, E. G. E03.11(53E03.11)
FATHY, A. E. C02.6(28C02.6)
FATOME, J. D08.2(142D08.2)
FAUCHER, O. D08.1(142D08.1)
FAULKNER, A. J02.4(42J02.4)
FAULKNER, A. J. J03.9(61J03.9)
FAUQUETTE, W. K06.6(138K06.6)
FAVARO, A. B01.4(7B01.4)
FEAR, E. C. KBE.6(40KBE.6)
FEBRIANI, F. GHE3.4(204GHE3.4)
FEDELI, J-M. D07.2(124D07.2)
FEDERICI, J. DAF2.7(180DAF2.7)
FEENEY, S. C12.3(177C12.3)
FEJER, B. G. G09.3(164G09.3)
FEKRY, A. A. KAE.5(190KAE.5)
FELIX, C. D03.8(51D03.8)
FENG, Y. CA.3(122CA.3)
FERENCZ, C. H11.5(206H11.5)
FERNANDES, L. O. T. JP2.10(282JP2.10)
FERNANDES, T. F03.4(54F03.4)
FERNANDES, T. R. FCA.1(203FCA.1)
FERNANDEZ, M. L. K01.3(21K01.3)
FERREIRA, D. F03.4(54F03.4)
FHAGER, A. BP1.39(218BP1.39), K03.5(62K03.5), K07.6(152K07.6), KBE.3(40KBE.3), KBE.5(40KBE.5), KP1.8(249KP1.8)
FIALA, V. HG3.10(133HG3.10)
FILIBA, T. J11.4(208J11.4), JP1.3(244JP1.3)
FILIBA, T. E. JP1.7(245JP1.7)
FINLAY, P. E03.11(53E03.11)
FINOT, C. D08.2(142D08.2)
FISCHER, G. JP2.7(282JP2.7)
FISER, J. HP2.23(279HP2.23)
FISER, O. F03.11(55F03.11)
FISH, V. L. J10.9(189J10.9)
FISHER, J. R. BJ.3(140BJ.3)
FISHER, R. J. JP1.3(244JP1.3)
FISHER, S. KP2.10(285KP2.10)
FISHMAN, G. J. GHE1.1(147GHE1.1)
FITCH, M. R. E05.4(84E05.4)
FLETCHER, A. H11.2(206H11.2)
FLINTOFT, I. D. KAE.10(191KAE.10)
FLOC'H, J-M. E01.4(11E01.4)
FOERSTER, M. G06.5(108G06.5)
FONTAINE, D. H02.10(38H02.10)
FONTANA, M. E10.7(182E10.7)
FONTANELLI, G. F04.3(73F04.3)
FORD, J. JP1.3(244JP1.3)
FORTE, B. FG.2(183FG.2), FG.3(183FG.3), G05.6(89G05.6), G07.5(130G07.5), JG.1(171JG.1)
FORTIER, T. M. ABD.4(5ABD.4)
FOSTER, G. J11.4(208J11.4), JP1.2(244JP1.2)
FOSTER, J. C. G06.1(108G06.1), G06.6(109G06.6)
FOSTER, M. A. D08.3(142D08.3)
FOUAD HANNA, V. B04.4(68B04.4)
FOUBERT, K. DP3.8(261DP3.8)
FOULLON, C. H10.5(186H10.5)
FOURNIER, M. D07.2(124D07.2)
FOUST, F. GP2.8(268GP2.8)
FRAENZ, M. H10.1(186H10.1), HP2.18(278HP2.18)
FRANCOIS, B. M. C02.2(28C02.2)
FRANGOUDI, M. GP1.13(232GP1.13)
FRASER, B. J. H03.2(58H03.2)
FRAYER, D. JP1.3(244JP1.3)
FREDRIKSEN, A. H09.3(165H09.3), HP1.7(240HP1.7)
FREIRE, M. J. DB3.5(116DB3.5)
FREUDE, W. D07.2(124D07.2)
FREUDENREICH, H. G09.6(164G09.6), H01.4(17H01.4)
FREUND, R. W. J07.15(135J07.15)
FREUNDORFER, A. P. BP2.11(253BP2.11)
FREY, H. GHE2.1(192GHE2.1)
FRIDEN, J. CB.2(49CB.2)
FRIEDEL, R. H03.9(59H03.9), HP1.1(239HP1.1)
FROLOV, V. L. G01.4(15G01.4), HG4.5(148HG4.5)
FU, H. H03.8(59H03.8)
FU, S. HP1.15(241HP1.15)
FU, S. Y. H02.7(38H02.7)
FUJIEDA, M. AD.5(173AD.5), AGJ.7(119AGJ.7)
FUJII, R. HG4.4(148HG4.4)
FUJIKI, K. C05.3(64C05.3)
FUJIMOTO, M. H10.3(186H10.3), HP1.19(241HP1.19)
FUJIMOTO, T. H10.6(186H10.6)
FUJINO, Y. CP.3(220CP.3)
FUJIWARA, E. CHGBDJK.2(101CHGBDJK.2)
FUJIWARA, O. KAE.6(191KAE.6), KAE.8(191KAE.8), KB.5(210KB.5)
FUJIWARA, T. CHGBDJK.2(101CHGBDJK.2)
FUKAZAWA, K. H02.6(37H02.6)
FUKUDA, A. C02.1(28C02.1)
FUKUI, Y. J07.14(135J07.14)
FUKUNAGA, K. DAF2.6(180DAF2.6)
FULLEKRUG, M. GHE2.7(193GHE2.7), GT.1(185GT.1)
FUNAKI, I. H09.4(165H09.4)
FUNG, S. HG2.1(110HG2.1)
FUNG, S. F. G01.2(15G01.2), HG2.4(110HG2.4), HP2.7(277HP2.7)
FURSE, C. BP2.20(255BP2.20)
FURUNO, K. CB.1(49CB.1)
FURUYA, A. KP2.8(285KP2.8), KP2.9(285KP2.9)
FUSE, Y. CHGBDJK.2(101CHGBDJK.2)
G
GABORIT, G. DP3.7(261DP3.7)
GAEREMYNCK, Y. DP3.7(261DP3.7)
GAETA, A. D08.3(142D08.3)
GAIER, T. C. F07.6(129F07.6)
GAJJAR, V. JP2.2(281JP2.2)
GALERA, J. F. G07.2(130G07.2)
GALINDO, F. G08.2(145G08.2)
GALKIN, I. A. G04.2(74G04.2), HG1.4(90HG1.4), HG2.4(110HG2.4)
GALLI, A. BD1.4(26BD1.4), EP1.11(228EP1.11)
GALLO, K. D08.4(142D08.4)
GAMAND, P. DP2.9(226DP2.9)
GAMBLE, R. J. HP1.26(242HP1.26)
GAMBY, E. G08.3(145G08.3)
GANCHEV, I. CP.13(221CP.13)
GANGULI, G. H11.1(206H11.1), HP2.3(276HP2.3)
GAO, B. FCA.4(203FCA.4)
GARAVAGLIA, M. F08.1(153F08.1)
GARBE, H. E01.3(11E01.3), E03.10(53E03.10)
GARCIA POMAR, J. L. DAF1.2(159DAF1.2)
GARCIA, L. N. HG2.4(110HG2.4), HP2.7(277HP2.7)
GARCIA, P. A. K01.6(22K01.6)
GARCIA-AGUILAR, A. BP2.41(257BP2.41)
GARCIA-GASCO TRUJILLO, J. B07.3(99B07.3)
GARDNER, R. L. E03.11(53E03.11)
GARRETT, M. A. J07.3(134J07.3)
GARWOOD, R. JP1.3(244JP1.3)
GARY, S. P. HP1.10(240HP1.10)
GASIEWSKI, A. J. DP4.11(263DP4.11), F06.2(106F06.2), F08.2(153F08.2)
GATI, A. B04.4(68B04.4), B07.5(99B07.5), K03.1(62K03.1), KAE.6(191KAE.6), KB.1(210KB.1), KP2.6(284KP2.6)
GAUDAIRE, F. F01.7(14F01.7)
GAUDIOMONTE, F. A03.9(46A03.9)
GAUFRS, E. D03.11(51D03.11)
GAUTIER, A-L. JP2.7(282JP2.7)
GAVAN, J. AB2.9(98AB2.9), CHGBDJK.8(102CHGBDJK.8), E07.5(126E07.5)
GAYEN, R. K. BP1.6(213BP1.6)
GAYLARD, M. J. J07.4(134J07.4)
GEBS, R. D03.5(50D03.5)
GENENDER, E. E01.3(11E01.3), E03.10(53E03.10)
GENG, L. J05.6(92J05.6)
GENOVESI, S. DAF2.2(179DAF2.2)
GENTY, G. D08.2(142D08.2)
GEORGIEV, G. N. BP1.46(219BP1.46), DP1.7(224DP1.7)
GEORGIEVA-GROSSE, M. N. BP1.46(219BP1.46), DP1.7(224DP1.7)
GERANMAYEH, A. B12.2(196B12.2)
GERGELY, T. E. J08.2(150J08.2)
GERMAIN, D. DP4.3(262DP4.3)
GERMANA, C. AGJ.1(118AGJ.1)
GERSTMANN, D. J06.1(112J06.1)
GESCHKE, R. H. E09.2(161E09.2)
GHAFFAR, F. A. C12.7(178C12.7)
GHANEM, F. DBC.6(71DBC.6)
GHANMI, A. KB.6(211KB.6)
GHANNOUCHI, F. C11.5(157C11.5)
GHARAT, S. D. A02.6(25A02.6)
GHASEMI, R. DP4.4(262DP4.4)
GHAZEL, A. C06.5(70C06.5)
GHOGHO, M. C12.1(177C12.1)
GHORAISHI, M. FCA.4(203FCA.4)
GHORBANI, A. C02.5(28C02.5)
GHOSH, S. S. HP1.12(240HP1.12)
GHUNIEM, A. M. BP1.3(213BP1.3)
GIBLIN, S. AT.1(139AT.1)
GIESSEN, H. DB2.7(83DB2.7)
GILLELAND, C. D07.11(125D07.11)
GILLIES, R. G. GP1.28(234GP1.28)
GILREATH, L. DB3.3(116DB3.3)
GIMM, Y-M. EP2.8(265EP2.8)
GIORDANO, V. ABD.2(5ABD.2)
GIORGETTA, F. R. AD.8(174AD.8)
GIRARD, J. N. JP1.18(246JP1.18)
GIRI, D. V. E03.1(52E03.1), E03.3(52E03.3)
GISH, T. FP1.2(229FP1.2)
GITE, T. Y. AB2.3(97AB2.3)
GITTENS, A. A03.5(45A03.5)
GJESTELAND, T. GHE1.2(147GHE1.2), GHE1.3(147GHE1.3), GHE1.4(147GHE1.4)
GLANZER, M. K05.7(115K05.7)
GLAVIN, M. KBE.8(41KBE.8)
GLENDENNING, B. E. JP2.13(282JP2.13)
GLOVER, I. A. E07.4(126E07.4)
GODOY, R. JP2.10(282JP2.10)
GOERTZ, W. K05.3(114K05.3)
GOETZE, J. D01.2(9D01.2)
GOHLE, C. AD.7(174AD.7)
GOLAP, K. J06.5(112J06.5)
GOLDBERG, B. B. D07.10(125D07.10)
GOLKOWSKI, M. H04.2(77H04.2)
GOMES, N. J. FP1.4(229FP1.4)
GOMIDZE, N. K. DP3.9(261DP3.9)
GONCHARENKO, L. G09.2(164G09.2)
GONCHARENKO, L. P. G09.3(164G09.3)
GONCHARENKO, Y. V. F08.3(153F08.3)
GONG, X. CA.1(122CA.1)
GONZALEZ-FERNANDEZ, J. M. BP2.41(257BP2.41)
GONZALEZ-NUEVO, J. JP2.1(281JP2.1)
GORBUNOVA, A. DB1.8(30DB1.8)
GORDIENKO, G. G09.1(164G09.1)
GORDIENKO, G. I. GP2.37(272GP2.37)
GORDON, J. A03.5(45A03.5), E01.5(11E01.5)
GORELIK, N. DF.5(200DF.5)
GOROBETS, V. F08.3(153F08.3)
GOTO, Y. H10.6(186H10.6), H10.8(187H10.8), HP1.6(239HP1.6)
GOTOH, T. AGJ.7(119AGJ.7)
GOTSIS, K. A. BP2.25(255BP2.25)
GOUBA, A. C11.4(157C11.4)
GOUDOS, S. K. BP2.25(255BP2.25)
GOUGH, R. G. J03.8(61J03.8)
GOULET, F. DP2.9(226DP2.9)
GOWDA, S. J11.4(208J11.4), JP1.3(244JP1.3)
GRABNER, M. F03.11(55F03.11), FP2.1(266FP2.1)
GRACH, S. M. HG3.3(132HG3.3)
GRADARI, S. AGJ.1(118AGJ.1)
GRADONI, G. E10.4(181E10.4), E10.8(182E10.8), EP2.10(265EP2.10)
GRAF, K. L. HP2.12(277HP2.12)
GRAGLIA, R. D. B05.1(69B05.1)
GRAHAM, J. W. BP1.14(214BP1.14)
GRAINGE, K. J. B. JP1.17(246JP1.17)
GRALAK, B. D07.7(125D07.7)
GRAMMER, W. J10.4(188J10.4)
GRAPPIN, R. HP1.11(240HP1.11)
GRAU BESOLI, A. DBC.4(71DBC.4)
GRAY, A. J03.7(61J03.7)
GRAY, A. D. J07.21(136J07.21)
GRBIC, A. DB3.1(116DB3.1)
GRCAN, M. E. AB3.2(154AB3.2)
GRECO, A. H02.9(38H02.9)
GREEDY, S. E11.6(202E11.6)
GREELEY, R. J05.1(92J05.1)
GREEN, W. M. J. D07.4(124D07.4)
GREENBERG, E. EP1.8(228EP1.8)
GREENSPUN, J. K08.4(168K08.4)
GRELU, P. DP3.6(260DP3.6)
GREPSTAD, J. O. B01.2(7B01.2)
GRIMALD, S. H10.5(186H10.5)
GRIMM, M. CA.5(122CA.5)
GRISCHKOWSKY , D. R. DAF2.1(179DAF2.1)
GRISON, B. HP1.11(240HP1.11)
GRODJI, O. F. D. GP1.5(230GP1.5)
GRONWALD, F. EB.7(105EB.7)
GROP, S. ABD.2(5ABD.2)
GROSSMAN, E. AP.6(251AP.6)
GROTE, W. DF.6(200DF.6)
GROVES, K. G06.8(109G06.8)
GROVES, K. M. G05.2(88G05.2)
GROZOV, V. GP2.39(272GP2.39)
GRZESIAK, M. GP1.15(232GP1.15)
GRZESIK, J. A. K04.3(93K04.3)
GUCLU, C. DB3.3(116DB3.3)
GUERIN, C-A. F06.6(107F06.6)
GUHA, A. GP2.9(268GP2.9)
GUHA, D. AB3.4(154AB3.4)
GUHANIYOGI, N. AC.5(194AC.5)
GUIDI, F. CA.9(123CA.9)
GUILLET, V. FCA.6(203FCA.6)
GULBRANDSEN, N. H09.3(165H09.3), HP1.7(240HP1.7)
GULYAEV, S. J07.10(135J07.10), J07.17(136J07.17)
GULYAEVA, T. L. GP1.24(233GP1.24), GP1.38(235GP1.38)
GUMEROV, N. A. HG3.1(132HG3.1)
GUNASHEKAR, S. C12.3(177C12.3)
GUNEþ, F. BP1.33(217BP1.33)
GUNES, A. BP1.48(219BP1.48)
GUNES, F. C01.6(8C01.6), CD.1(44CD.1)
GUNGOR, A. EP1.5(227EP1.5)
GUNGOR, I. AB3.3(154AB3.3), BP2.17(254BP2.17)
GUNST, A. J02.2(42J02.2), J02.4(42J02.4)
GUNST, A. W. JP1.21(247JP1.21)
GUO, H. DF.7(200DF.7), DP3.10(261DP3.10), DP3.2(260DP3.2)
GUPTA, S. C01.1(8C01.1)
GUPTA, Y. J07.18(136J07.18), JP2.12(282JP2.12), JP2.5(281JP2.5)
GUREL, L. B05.5(69B05.5)
GURNETT, D. HP1.25(242HP1.25)
GURNETT, D. A. H04.1(77H04.1), HG2.7(111HG2.7), HG2.8(111HG2.8)
GURSOY, M. C. K08.3(168K08.3)
GUSTAFSSON, M. A04.2(66A04.2), ABD.7(6ABD.7), B06.5(80B06.5), BD1.2(26BD1.2)
GUSTAVSSON, B. G03.4(56G03.4)
GUSTAVSSSON, M. B11.7(176B11.7)
GUTNIK, V. F08.3(153F08.3)
GWAL, A. K. G05.7(89G05.7), GP1.33(234GP1.33), GP1.48(237GP1.48)
GWIZDEK-WISNIEWSKA, A. KP1.2(248KP1.2)
H
HAALAND, R. GHE2.2(192GHE2.2)
HAALAND, S. E. G06.5(108G06.5)
HABARULEMA, J. B. G06.3(108G06.3), GP1.29(234GP1.29)
HABEIB, M. Z. AC.2(194AC.2)
HABOUCHA, A. ABD.1(5ABD.1)
HACHISU, H. AD.5(173AD.5)
HADA, T. H09.4(165H09.4)
HADDAD, E. FCA.3(203FCA.3)
HADJEM, A. KAE.6(191KAE.6), KB.6(211KB.6)
HADJI, E. DP3.8(261DP3.8)
HAFEZ, R. H. M. C12.2(177C12.2)
HAGGSTROM, I. G03.10(57G03.10), G05.6(89G05.6), HG3.7(133HG3.7)
HÄGGSTRÖM, I. G03.7(57G03.7)
HAGNESS, S. C. BD2.5(120BD2.5), KBE.2(40KBE.2)
HAHTELA, O. A04.6(67A04.6)
HAKKARAINEN, A. F06.9(107F06.9)
HALDAR, D. K. BP2.30(256BP2.30), FP1.1(229FP1.1), FP1.3(229FP1.3)
HALDOUPIS, C. GHE1.6(147GHE1.6)
HALFORD, A. J. H03.2(58H03.2)
HALL, P. J02.4(42J02.4)
HALL, P. J. J03.1(60J03.1)
HALL, P. S. DAF2.10(180DAF2.10), DBC.6(71DBC.6)
HALLIKAINEN, M. T. F06.9(107F06.9)
HAMA, S. AGJ.7(119AGJ.7)
HAMADA, L. KAE.9(191KAE.9)
HAMAMOTO, N. CP.3(220CP.3)
HAMAR, D. H11.5(206H11.5)
HAMEL, R. HG4.2(148HG4.2)
HAMID, M. R. DBC.6(71DBC.6)
HAMMANI, K. D08.2(142D08.2)
HAMNERIUS, Y. K03.2(62K03.2)
HAMPSON, G. A. JP1.4(244JP1.4)
HAMZA, A. M. H01.6(17H01.6)
HAN, D. KP1.1(248KP1.1)
HAN, P. GHE3.4(204GHE3.4), GP2.54(275GP2.54)
HANADO, Y. A03.3(45A03.3), AD.3(173AD.3)
HANDA, K. JP2.19(283JP2.19)
HANNA, V. F. K03.1(62K03.1)
HANSEN, T. B10.4(156B10.4)
HAO, Y. BD1.6(26BD1.6), K04.4(93K04.4)
HAQ, T. U. E05.7(85E05.7)
HAQUE, N. HP1.23(242HP1.23)
HARALAMBOUS, H. GP1.13(232GP1.13)
HARALAMBOUS, H. C. GP1.20(233GP1.20), GP1.61(238GP1.61)
HARIDAS, R. M. A02.1(25A02.1)
HARIDAS, R. N. GP2.45(273GP2.45), GP2.47(274GP2.47)
HARIDIM, M. AB2.9(98AB2.9)
HARMON, J. K. J05.5(92J05.5)
HARPE, P. DP1.2(223DP1.2)
HARRIS, C. J06.1(112J06.1)
HARRIS, T. J. G07.1(130G07.1), G07.7(131G07.7)
HARRISON, R. G. EGH.4(72EGH.4)
HARSHA, S. S. DAF2.1(179DAF2.1)
HARTINGER, M. HP2.13(278HP2.13)
HARVEY, J. D. D08.6(142D08.6)
HASBI, A. M. FG.7(184FG.7)
HASHIGUCHI, H. CP.14(222CP.14)
HASHIMOTO, K. CHGBDJK.1(101CHGBDJK.1), CHGBDJK.5(101CHGBDJK.5), H10.3(186H10.3), H10.4(186H10.4), H10.8(187H10.8)
HASHITANI, M. H10.4(186H10.4)
HASNA, M. O. KAE.5(190KAE.5)
HASSEL, J. A04.6(67A04.6)
HATAKEYAMA, R. H09.7(166H09.7)
HATSUKADE, B. JP2.19(283JP2.19)
HATTORI, K. GHE3.4(204GHE3.4), GP1.56(238GP1.56), GP2.19(269GP2.19), GP2.50(274GP2.50), GP2.54(275GP2.54)
HATTORI, M. KP2.8(285KP2.8), KP2.9(285KP2.9)
HAVRILLA, M. J. B06.6(80B06.6)
HAYAKAWA, M. GHE3.2(204GHE3.2), GHE3.3(204GHE3.3)
HAYAKAWA, T. J07.14(135J07.14)
HAYASAKA, K. AD.3(173AD.3)
HAYNES, M. KBE.4(40KBE.4)
HAYOSH, M. HG3.10(133HG3.10)
HAZELTON, B. J02.6(42J02.6)
HAZRA, S. HG1.3(90HG1.3)
HE, S. CB.4(49CB.4), DB3.2(116DB3.2)
HE, W. AC.1(194AC.1)
HEALD, G. J01.6(19J01.6)
HEDSTRM, A. K07.6(152K07.6)
HEELIS, R. A. GP1.51(237GP1.51)
HEGDE, R. S. DB1.1(29DB1.1)
HEGGY, E. J11.3(208J11.3)
HEIDARI, A. A. BP2.31(256BP2.31)
HEILIG, B. HP1.1(239HP1.1)
HEIN, M. CA.5(122CA.5)
HEINSELMAN, C. J. G03.3(56G03.3)
HELHEL, S. CA.8(123CA.8), E11.7(202E11.7), F02.9(34F02.9)
HELLDNER, L. JP2.14(283JP2.14)
HELMICH, F. P. J10.3(188J10.3)
HENDRANTORO, G. DP4.12(263DP4.12), F02.3(33F02.3)
HENRIKSSON, T. KBE.1(40KBE.1)
HERAUD, J. A. E08.5(143E08.5)
HERBERTHSON, M. BP2.33(256BP2.33)
HERNANDEZ FORERO, L. C. A03.5(45A03.5)
HERRERO, P. CA.10(123CA.10)
HERTZ, E. D08.1(142D08.1)
HESSELS, J. W. T. J01.5(19J01.5)
HEUBERGER, A. CA.4(122CA.4), CA.5(122CA.5)
HEWITT, J. N. J02.6(42J02.6)
HEYDARI, P. DB3.3(116DB3.3)
HEYMAN, E. B01.1(7B01.1), B10.2(156B10.2)
HICKS, B. C. J02.3(42J02.3)
HIETANEN, M. K05.8(115K05.8)
HIGASHI, R. HP2.2(276HP2.2)
HIGASHINO, T. CP.12(221CP.12)
HIGUCHI, A. JP2.19(283JP2.19)
HIKAGE, T. K05.6(114K05.6)
HIKISHIMA, M. HP1.29(243HP1.29), HP1.3(239HP1.3)
HILLERKUSS, D. D07.2(124D07.2)
HILLS, R. E. J10.8(189J10.8)
HINATA, T. B12.4(196B12.4)
HINSON, D. P. J05.4(92J05.4)
HINTZ, R. DF.3(200DF.3), DF.4(200DF.4)
HIRAGA, K. C06.3(70C06.3)
HIRANO, T. GHE3.4(204GHE3.4), GP2.54(275GP2.54)
HIRATA, A. K06.9(138K06.9), KAE.6(191KAE.6), KAE.8(191KAE.8)
HIROOKA, S. GP1.56(238GP1.56), GP2.50(274GP2.50)
HIROTA, A. JP2.19(283JP2.19)
HOBARA, Y. EGH.2(72EGH.2), GHE2.6(193GHE2.6), GHE3.2(204GHE3.2), GHE3.3(204GHE3.3)
HOBIGER, T. AGJ.7(119AGJ.7)
HOEFER, W. J. R. DB1.1(29DB1.1)
HOFFMANN, C. E07.6(126E07.6)
HOFMAN, M. D07.7(125D07.7)
HOLLOWAY, C. L. E01.5(11E01.5)
HOLMSTROM, S. D07.9(125D07.9)
HOLZWARTH, C. W. D07.3(124D07.3)
HOLZWARTH, R. ABD.1(5ABD.1)
HOLZWORTH, R. HP1.1(239HP1.1)
HOMMA, M. JP2.16(283JP2.16)
HONDA, K. CB.3(49CB.3)
HONG, F-L. AD.2(173AD.2)
HONG, S. H. GP1.27(234GP1.27)
HONMA, M. JP1.12(245JP1.12)
HONMA, N. CB.5(49CB.5)
HONMA, Y. CHGBDJK.2(101CHGBDJK.2)
HOORFAR, A. B11.9(176B11.9)
HOPESON, M. K03.2(62K03.2)
HOPPE, D. J. F07.6(129F07.6)
HOR, Y. L. DB1.1(29DB1.1)
HORIE, T. GHE3.2(204GHE3.2)
HORNE, R. B. H03.3(58H03.3)
HORST, F. D07.4(124D07.4)
HOSAKA, K. AD.2(173AD.2)
HOSAKO, I. DAF2.6(180DAF2.6)
HOSOKAWA, M. A03.3(45A03.3), AD.3(173AD.3)
HOSSAIN, M. M. GP1.30(234GP1.30)
HOVEY, G. J. J07.21(136J07.21), JP1.13(245JP1.13), JP1.14(246JP1.14)
HOWELLS, V. GP1.12(231GP1.12)
HRISTOV, H. D. DF.6(200DF.6)
HRUSKA, F. GP1.26(233GP1.26)
HSU, R-R. GHE2.1(192GHE2.1)
HSU, W-C. GP1.7(231GP1.7)
HU, Y. F07.7(129F07.7), HG1.7(91HG1.7)
HUAMAN, J. A. GP1.6(230GP1.6)
HUANG, C-C. AP.2(250AP.2)
HUANG, C-F. DP2.3(225DP2.3)
HUANG, C-J. AP.3(250AP.3), DP4.13(263DP4.13)
HUANG, H-H. AP.2(250AP.2)
HUANG, M. DB2.6(83DB2.6)
HUANG, T. AB3.1(154AB3.1)
HUANG, T-Y. DP2.5(225DP2.5), GHE2.1(192GHE2.1)
HUANG, X. DP1.2(223DP1.2), G02.2(35G02.2), HG1.6(91HG1.6), HG2.2(110HG2.2)
HUANT, S. DB2.5(83DB2.5)
HUBA, J. D. G05.1(88G05.1)
HUBER, R. D03.1(50D03.1)
HULL, C. L. H. J10.5(188J10.5)
HUSSAIN, S. C11.1(157C11.1)
HUSSEY, G. C. GP1.28(234GP1.28)
I
IþýK, O. KP1.10(249KP1.10)
IBRAHIM, M. M. AC.2(194AC.2)
ICHIKAWA, R. AGJ.7(119AGJ.7), EP1.4(227EP1.4)
IDEMEN, M. B11.5(175B11.5)
IDO, T. AD.5(173AD.5)
IERMAK, I. KP1.2(248KP1.2)
IGOU, S. KP2.8(285KP2.8)
IJICHI, K. CHGBDJK.2(101CHGBDJK.2)
IKAHATA, M. KP1.6(248KP1.6)
IKEHATA, M. K06.1(137K06.1), K06.2(137K06.2), K06.4(137K06.4)
IKEHATA, Y. KP1.4(248KP1.4)
ILDAY, F. O. D03.2(50D03.2)
ILDIRYAKOV, V. R. GP1.23(233GP1.23)
ILMONIEMI, R. J. K07.4(151K07.4)
IMACHI, T. HP1.6(239HP1.6), HP2.2(276HP2.2)
IMAMURA, K. A03.3(45A03.3)
IMAMURA, T. KP1.11(249KP1.11)
INABA, H. AD.2(173AD.2)
INAGAKI, K. CP.12(221CP.12)
INAN, U. GP2.8(268GP2.8), HP1.23(242HP1.23)
INAN, U. S. E09.3(161E09.3), E09.4(161E09.4), GP2.40(272GP2.40), H04.2(77H04.2), HG3.2(132HG3.2), HG3.4(132HG3.4), HP2.12(277HP2.12), PL.1(212PL.1)
INASAWA, Y. BP2.47(258BP2.47)
INCLAN-ALONSO, J. M. BP2.41(257BP2.41)
INOÑAN, M. J. GP1.47(236GP1.47)
INOUE, M. JP1.12(245JP1.12)
IOANNIDOU, M. P. F03.1(54F03.1)
IONO, D. JP2.19(283JP2.19)
IPPEN, E. P. D03.3(50D03.3), D07.3(124D07.3)
IQBAL, A. E05.7(85E05.7)
ISERNIA, T. B11.4(175B11.4)
ISHIGURO, Y. GHE3.4(204GHE3.4), GP2.54(275GP2.54)
ISHII, A. AGJ.7(119AGJ.7)
ISHII, K. K06.1(137K06.1)
ISHIKAWA, H. GHE3.4(204GHE3.4)
ISHIKAWA, S. JP2.19(283JP2.19)
ISHIKAWA, T. CHGBDJK.1(101CHGBDJK.1)
ISHIMARU, A. F02.10(34F02.10)
ISHISAKA, K. HP1.5(239HP1.5)
ISHIZAKA, K. HP1.3(239HP1.3)
ISHWARA-CHANDRA, C. H. JP2.12(282JP2.12)
ISKANDER, M. F. B07.2(99B07.2)
ISPAS, A. CA.1(122CA.1)
ITO, H. A03.3(45A03.3), AD.3(173AD.3), DAF2.8(180DAF2.8)
ITO, K. K05.9(115K05.9), K08.5(168K08.5), KAE.6(191KAE.6), KP2.3(284KP2.3)
ITOH, T. DB3.6(116DB3.6)
ITOH, Y. ABD.6(5ABD.6)
ITOU, A. KAE.9(191KAE.9)
IUDIN, D. I. E02.5(31E02.5)
IVANOV, D. GP2.24(270GP2.24)
IVANOV, E. N. ABD.5(5ABD.5)
IVANOV, S. GP1.51(237GP1.51)
IVANOV, V. FP2.3(266FP2.3)
IVANOVA, V. GP1.25(233GP1.25), GP2.24(270GP2.24)
IVASHINA, M. V. DBC.5(71DBC.5), JP1.15(246JP1.15), JP1.16(246JP1.16)
IVASHOV, S. BP1.30(217BP1.30), K04.5(93K04.5)
IVRLAC, M. T. DBC.1(71DBC.1)
IWAI, H. C05.2(64C05.2)
IWAKUNI, K. AD.2(173AD.2)
IWAMOTO, M. GHE2.6(193GHE2.6)
IWASHITA, H. JP2.19(283JP2.19)
IWATA, M. C02.3(28C02.3)
IYENGAR, A. N. S. H09.1(165H09.1)
IZARD, N. D03.11(51D03.11)
J
JABNIDZE, I. N. DP3.9(261DP3.9)
JACKSON, C. A. J03.8(61J03.8)
JACKSON, D. R. BD1.4(26BD1.4), E11.4(201E11.4)
JACKSON-BOOTH, N. K. G04.5(74G04.5)
JACOB, M. CA.10(123CA.10)
JACOB, S. AP.7(251AP.7)
JACQUES, C. J10.4(188J10.4)
JADHAV, A. A. A02.2(25A02.2)
JAFRI, D. F02.7(34F02.7)
JALA, M. KAE.6(191KAE.6)
JAMALI, A. A. B07.9(100B07.9)
JAMES, G. HG2.6(111HG2.6), HG3.10(133HG3.10), HP2.11(277HP2.11), HT.1(75HT.1)
JAMES, H. G. GP1.28(234GP1.28)
JANARDHAN, P. J05.2(92J05.2)
JANDIERI, G. V. F02.10(34F02.10)
JANDIERI, V. G. F02.10(34F02.10)
JANDURA, C. CA.2(122CA.2)
JANG, W. CP.7(221CP.7)
JANKE, C. D03.5(50D03.5)
JARRAHI, M. BP2.10(253BP2.10)
JARRIGE, P. DP3.7(261DP3.7)
JAUNCEY, D. L. J11.1(208J11.1)
JAYACHANDRAM, P. T. G08.5(145G08.5)
JAYACHANDRAN, P. T. G06.4(108G06.4), GP1.19(232GP1.19), GP1.42(236GP1.42), GP2.38(272GP2.38)
JEFFERTS, S. R. A03.10(46A03.10)
JENSEN, P. D. KBE.3(40KBE.3)
JEON, J. S. AB2.1(97AB2.1)
JESSNER, A. E05.6(84E05.6)
JEYAKUMAR, S. EP1.6(227EP1.6)
JI, Z. CP.13(221CP.13)
JIANG, Y. ABD.4(5ABD.4)
JICHA, O. FP2.1(266FP2.1)
JIMENEZ, F. A03.5(45A03.5)
JIN, G. HG3.2(132HG3.2)
JIN, R. FG.9(184FG.9)
JIN, S. FG.9(184FG.9)
JIN, Y. DB3.2(116DB3.2)
JIN, Y-Q. F03.5(54F03.5)
JIWANI, A. J02.4(42J02.4)
JOACHIMOWICZ, N. KBE.1(40KBE.1)
JOFRE, L. D01.3(9D01.3)
JOHANSSON, M. K03.5(62K03.5)
JOHN, M. W. GP1.39(235GP1.39)
JOHN, W. D01.2(9D01.2)
JOHNSON, J. T. F01.3(13F01.3)
JOISEL, A. KBE.1(40KBE.1)
JONES, E. KBE.8(41KBE.8)
JONES, G. JP1.3(244JP1.3)
JONES, M. JP1.19(246JP1.19)
JONES, S. M. AC.7(195AC.7)
JONES, S. M. R. FCA.5(203FCA.5)
JONSSON, B. L. G. AB3.5(154AB3.5), BP2.2(252BP2.2)
JORDANOVA, V. K. H03.3(58H03.3)
JORGENSEN, A. HP1.1(239HP1.1)
JOSE, L. G05.4(88G05.4), GP1.36(235GP1.36)
JOSEPH, A. T. FP1.2(229FP1.2)
JOSEPH, J. JP1.4(244JP1.4)
JOSEPH, W. K05.10(115K05.10)
JOSHI, B. C. JP2.2(281JP2.2)
JOUINI, W. C13.6(199C13.6)
JOZAKI, R. F05.6(86F05.6)
JU, Y. J. EP2.8(265EP2.8)
JUEN, N. K07.3(151K07.3)
K
KACHI, M. F09.6(163F09.6)
KAERTNER, F. X. ABD.3(5ABD.3), AD.6(173AD.6), D03.3(50D03.3), DB1.3(29DB1.3), DB1.4(29DB1.4)
KAFANOV, S. A04.6(67A04.6)
KAGANOVSKY, Y. B01.1(7B01.1), B10.2(156B10.2)
KAINULAINEN, J. F06.9(107F06.9)
KAINZ, W. K05.2(114K05.2)
KAISER, P. R. C06.2(70C06.2)
KAJITA, M. AD.3(173AD.3)
KAKAD, A. P. H01.2(17H01.2)
KAKAD, B. A. GP1.2(230GP1.2)
KAMEDA, S. C02.3(28C02.3)
KAMEL, A. H. BP2.37(257BP2.37)
KAMI, Y. E11.2(201E11.2)
KAMIMURA, Y. K06.9(138K06.9)
KAMITANI, M. GP2.44(273GP2.44)
KAMOI, T. GHE3.3(204GHE3.3)
KANADE, C. JP2.11(282JP2.11)
KANDULA, D. Z. AD.7(174AD.7)
KANDULA, S. V. F07.5(128F07.5)
KANEKO, H. JP2.19(283JP2.19)
KANEKO, T. H09.7(166H09.7)
KANGASLAHTI, P. F07.6(129F07.6)
KANMAE, T. GHE2.2(192GHE2.2)
KANTARTZIS, N. V. EP2.3(264EP2.3)
KAO, T-P. DP2.6(225DP2.6)
KAPTEYN, H. D03.10(51D03.10)
KARABULUT, E. P. BP1.47(219BP1.47)
KARACOLAK, T. DP1.6(223DP1.6), K04.7(94K04.7), KP2.10(285KP2.10)
KARAN, Y. E07.7(127E07.7)
KARANAM, K. K. F07.5(128F07.5)
KARDASHEV, N. S. JP2.18(283JP2.18)
KARKHANEH, H. C02.5(28C02.5)
KARTAL, M. AB3.3(154AB3.3), BP2.17(254BP2.17)
KASABA, Y. HP1.6(239HP1.6)
KASAHARA, Y. GHE3.2(204GHE3.2), H10.3(186H10.3), H10.4(186H10.4), H10.6(186H10.6), H10.8(187H10.8), HP1.6(239HP1.6), HP2.2(276HP2.2)
KASHANIFAR, M. DP4.9(263DP4.9)
KASPARIAN, J. D08.1(142D08.1)
KASPER, J. C. J11.2(208J11.2)
KASSIM, N. E. J02.3(42J02.3)
KASUGA, T. JP2.16(283JP2.16)
KATAMZI, Z. T. G08.6(145G08.6), JG.3(171JG.3)
KATAYAMA, K. KP1.4(248KP1.4)
KATKO, A. DB3.4(116DB3.4)
KATORI, H. AD.4(173AD.4)
KATRIB, J. KP2.1(284KP2.1)
KATSUDA, K. EP1.2(227EP1.2)
KATULSKI, R. J. F03.6(55F03.6)
KAUFMANN, P. JP2.10(282JP2.10), JP2.6(281JP2.6)
KAWABE, R. J07.16(136J07.16), JP2.19(283JP2.19)
KAWAGUCHI, N. J07.6(134J07.6), JP1.10(245JP1.10), JP2.16(283JP2.16), JP2.19(283JP2.19)
KAWAMURA, Y. K05.6(114K05.6)
KAWANISHI, T. BJ.4(140BJ.4)
KAWASAKI, Z. E02.6(31E02.6), E02.7(32E02.7), EGH.5(72EGH.5)
KAWASE, K. DAF1.6(160DAF1.6)
KAYA, A. BP1.43(218BP1.43), F05.2(86F05.2)
KAYAMA, H. CB.1(49CB.1)
KAYMAKSUT, E. C02.2(28C02.2)
KEDZIORA-CHUDZCER, L. J11.1(208J11.1)
KEITH, G. GP1.16(232GP1.16)
KEITH, G. M. G01.7(16G01.7)
KEKATPURE, R. D. D07.6(124D07.6)
KELEKCI, O. CD.3(44CD.3)
KELLEY, T. D. G06.4(108G06.4)
KELMA, C. DP2.9(226DP2.9)
KEMPEL, L. B07.1(99B07.1)
KEMPPINEN, A. A04.6(67A04.6)
KENT, S. BP2.16(254BP2.16)
KERO, A. G03.10(57G03.10)
KERSAL, Y. ABD.2(5ABD.2)
KESARI, K. K. K06.8(138K06.8)
KESAVATH, V. AB2.10(98AB2.10), AB2.2(97AB2.2), AP.7(251AP.7)
KESKIN, A. BP2.40(257BP2.40)
KETTUNEN, H. B06.1(80B06.1)
KHAKHINOV, V. HG3.11(133HG3.11), HP2.15(278HP2.15), HP2.16(278HP2.16)
KHAKHINOV, V. V. G04.6(74G04.6)
KHALAF, Z. I. C13.3(198C13.3)
KHAN, A. K03.2(62K03.2)
KHAN, F. M. D01.4(9D01.4)
KHAN, G. N. D01.7(10D01.7)
KHAN, M. R. H. DP3.3(260DP3.3)
KHANDGAONKAR, D. B. A02.3(25A02.3)
KHAYATIAN, B. F07.6(129F07.6)
KHERANI, E. A. G09.4(164G09.4), G09.5(164G09.5), GP1.39(235GP1.39), GP2.48(274GP2.48)
KHILO, A. D07.3(124D07.3), DB1.4(29DB1.4)
KHISTE, B. A02.5(25A02.5)
KHOBRAGADE, S. A02.5(25A02.5), AB2.7(98AB2.7)
KHOBRAGADE, S. V. A02.1(25A02.1), A02.2(25A02.2), A02.3(25A02.3), A02.4(25A02.4), A02.6(25A02.6), AB2.3(97AB2.3), AB2.5(97AB2.5), AB2.6(97AB2.6)
KHOSRAVI FARSANI, M. E02.9(32E02.9)
KIBLER, B. D08.2(142D08.2)
KIDANI, Y. H02.1(37H02.1)
KIDERA, S. B11.8(176B11.8), BP1.36(217BP1.36), BP1.38(218BP1.38)
KIENTEGA, T. KAE.6(191KAE.6)
KIENTEGA, T. T. KB.2(210KB.2)
KILANI, K. E07.2(126E07.2)
KILDAL, P-S. JP2.14(283JP2.14)
KILIC, E. A04.4(66A04.4)
KILIC, O. AC.3(194AC.3)
KIM, A. G. G04.6(74G04.6), GP1.22(233GP1.22)
KIM, E. J. FP1.2(229FP1.2)
KIM, K. HP1.8(240HP1.8)
KIM, M. FCA.4(203FCA.4)
KIM, T. B05.6(69B05.6)
KIM, V. Y. HP2.10(277HP2.10), HP2.17(278HP2.17)
KIM, Y. B03.2(47B03.2)
KIMURA, K. JP2.16(283JP2.16), JP2.19(283JP2.19)
KIMURA, M. AGJ.7(119AGJ.7)
KINRADE, J. GP1.18(232GP1.18)
KIRAGA, A. HG2.5(110HG2.5)
KIRCHNER, M. S. ABD.4(5ABD.4)
KIRIMOTO, T. B11.8(176B11.8), BP1.36(217BP1.36), BP1.38(218BP1.38)
KISHK, A. A. BP2.28(256BP2.28)
KISSIL, A. J10.7(189J10.7)
KISSINGER, D. DB1.5(29DB1.5)
KITAEV, V. V. JP1.9(245JP1.9)
KITAGUCHI, S. H10.8(187H10.8)
KITANO, T. C05.2(64C05.2)
KIUCHI, H. BJ.4(140BJ.4)
KIYANI, N. F. DP1.2(223DP1.2)
KIYOKAWA, T. K06.3(137K06.3)
KIZILAY, A. BP1.10(214BP1.10)
KIZILBEY, O. AC.6(194AC.6), CP.9(221CP.9)
KIZILHAN, A. BP1.42(218BP1.42), DAF2.5(179DAF2.5)
KLATT, G. D03.5(50D03.5)
KLEIN, B. JP2.14(283JP2.14)
KLEIN, K-L. J05.3(92J05.3)
KLENZING, J. G02.9(36G02.9), G09.6(164G09.6), H01.4(17H01.4)
KLENZING, J. H. G01.2(15G01.2), GP1.51(237GP1.51)
KLETZING, C. A. H11.7(207H11.7)
KLIMENKO, V. V. E02.5(31E02.5)
KLINKENBUSCH, L. E03.8(53E03.8)
KLOPF, J. M. JP2.6(281JP2.6)
KNEPP, D. L. G01.7(16G01.7), GP1.32(234GP1.32)
KNEZEVIC, I. BD2.5(120BD2.5)
KNIZHIN, S. I. BP1.31(217BP1.31)
KNYAZEVA, M. A. GP1.59(238GP1.59)
KOAY, J. Y. J11.1(208J11.1)
KOBAYASHI, H. B04.3(68B04.3)
KOBEA, A. T. GP2.36(272GP2.36)
KOCH, C. K05.3(114K05.3)
KODERA, T. BD1.9(27BD1.9)
KODILKAR, J. JP2.11(282JP2.11), JP2.12(282JP2.12)
KOEN, E. J. HP1.21(242HP1.21)
KOEPKE, G. E01.5(11E01.5)
KOERBER, K. E03.8(53E03.8)
KOHLBERG, I. E03.2(52E03.2)
KOHNO, K. JP2.19(283JP2.19)
KOHNO, T. AD.2(173AD.2)
KOIKE, A. K06.10(138K06.10)
KOIVULA, H. A04.6(67A04.6)
KOJIMA, H. H10.4(186H10.4), H10.8(187H10.8), H11.3(206H11.3), HP1.3(239HP1.3), HP1.6(239HP1.6)
KOJIMA, M. K06.10(138K06.10), K06.9(138K06.9)
KOJIMA, R. AD.3(173AD.3), AD.5(173AD.5)
KOKSAL, A. BP2.40(257BP2.40)
KOLMASOVA, I. GP1.26(233GP1.26)
KOLODZIEJSKI, L. A. D03.3(50D03.3)
KOMAKI, S. CP.12(221CP.12)
KOMATSU, K. C02.3(28C02.3)
KOMIYAMA, A. BP1.24(216BP1.24)
KOMRAKOV, G. P. HG4.5(148HG4.5)
KON, S. GP2.19(269GP2.19)
KONDO, T. AGJ.7(119AGJ.7)
KONETSKAYA, E. V. FG.5(183FG.5)
KONISHI, Y. BP2.47(258BP2.47), FCA.4(203FCA.4)
KONO, Y. JP1.10(245JP1.10)
KONOVALENKO, A. JP1.18(246JP1.18)
KONOVALENKO, A. A. J02.7(43J02.7)
KONOVALYUK, M. F03.10(55F03.10)
KOOPMANS, L. V. E. J01.7(20J01.7)
KOOS, C. D07.2(124D07.2)
KORDI, B. E02.8(32E02.8)
KORENKOVA, N. A. GP1.60(238GP1.60)
KORENSTEIN, R. K06.7(138K06.7)
KORENSTEIN-ILAN, A. K06.7(138K06.7)
KOREPANOV, V. EGH.6(72EGH.6)
KORKMAZ, E. AB2.8(98AB2.8), C11.6(157C11.6), C12.8(178C12.8), KP1.10(249KP1.10)
KORN, D. D07.2(124D07.2)
KOSCH, M. J. GP1.12(231GP1.12), HG4.4(148HG4.4)
KOSEOGLU, H. DAF1.4(159DAF1.4), DP4.10(263DP4.10)
KOSMAS, P. KBE.7(41KBE.7)
KOSTER, J. BP1.39(218BP1.39)
KOTOVICH, G. GP2.39(272GP2.39)
KOTOVICH, G. V. GP1.22(233GP1.22)
KOTTERMAN, W. CA.4(122CA.4), CA.5(122CA.5)
KOUALI, M. F06.3(106F06.3)
KOUBA, D. GP1.43(236GP1.43)
KOUCKA KNIZOVA, P. GP1.43(236GP1.43)
KOUGBLENOU, S. HG2.9(111HG2.9)
KOURTICHE, D. KP2.1(284KP2.1)
KOVAL, A. A. J02.7(43J02.7)
KOYAMA, Y. AD.3(173AD.3), AD.5(173AD.5), AGJ.7(119AGJ.7), EP1.4(227EP1.4)
KOZELOV, B. HP1.25(242HP1.25)
KOZELOV, B. V. HP1.27(243HP1.27)
KRAFT, D. DP4.11(263DP4.11)
KRAH, A. CA.5(122CA.5)
KRAMER, M. JP2.2(281JP2.2)
KRANKOWSKI, A. G02.3(35G02.3), G02.7(36G02.7), GP1.14(232GP1.14), GP1.60(238GP1.60), GP2.26(270GP2.26), GP2.51(274GP2.51)
KRASHENINNIKOV, I. V. HP2.17(278HP2.17)
KRASNOV, O. F05.7(87F05.7)
KRATZENBERG, E. J01.4(19J01.4)
KRAVTSOV, Y. A. BP1.31(217BP1.31)
KREHBIEL, P. R. GHE2.4(192GHE2.4)
KRETH, A. E01.3(11E01.3), E03.10(53E03.10)
KRISHNA, A. K. C13.1(198C13.1)
KRISTENSSON, G. A04.2(66A04.2), B06.5(80B06.5), B12.5(196B12.5)
KROLLA, B. DAF1.2(159DAF1.2)
KROZER, V. DAF2.9(180DAF2.9)
KRTNER, F. X. D07.3(124D07.3)
KRUGLOV, V. D08.6(142D08.6)
KRYPIAK-GREGORCZYK, A. G02.3(35G02.3), G02.7(36G02.7)
KUBICKE, G. F06.3(106F06.3)
KUBOTA, T. F09.6(163F09.6)
KUCHAREK, H. H02.3(37H02.3)
KUDAKA, A. S. JP2.10(282JP2.10)
KUDEKI, E. G03.8(57G03.8), H01.7(18H01.7)
KUDRIN, A. V. BP1.2(213BP1.2), H09.5(165H09.5), HP2.8(277HP2.8)
KUDZIN, V. P. C12.9(178C12.9)
KUERNER, T. CA.10(123CA.10)
KÜHN, S. K03.3(62K03.3)
KUKUTSU, N. DAF1.3(159DAF1.3)
KULAC, S. C13.4(198C13.4)
KULIZHSKY, A. V. BP1.31(217BP1.31)
KULKARNI, P. S. F06.8(107F06.8)
KUMAGAI, M. AD.5(173AD.5)
KUMAGAI, T. KP2.3(284KP2.3)
KUMAMOTO, A. H10.6(186H10.6)
KUMAMOTO, K. CP.12(221CP.12)
KUMAR, K. K. F06.5(106F06.5), G01.3(15G01.3)
KUMAR, N. C01.1(8C01.1)
KUMAR, P. E03.6(52E03.6)
KUMAR, S. F07.9(129F07.9), K06.8(138K06.8), K08.2(168K08.2)
KUNITSYN, V. E. GP1.17(232GP1.17), GP2.27(271GP2.27), HG4.5(148HG4.5)
KUNO, N. JP2.19(283JP2.19)
KUNUGITA, N. KP1.7(249KP1.7)
KUO, C-G. AP.4(250AP.4), DP4.13(263DP4.13)
KUO, C-L. GHE2.1(192GHE2.1)
KURKIN, V. GP1.25(233GP1.25), GP2.24(270GP2.24)
KURKIN, V. I. F06.7(107F06.7), G01.4(15G01.4), G04.6(74G04.6), GP2.25(270GP2.25), HP1.2(239HP1.2)
KURNAZ, O. CA.8(123CA.8), F02.9(34F02.9)
KUROKAWA, T. HP1.5(239HP1.5)
KURT, M. FG.10(184FG.10)
KURUM, M. F04.4(73F04.4)
KURUP, D. K05.10(115K05.10)
KUSHNAREV, D. HP2.15(278HP2.15), HP2.16(278HP2.16)
KUSHNAREV, D. S. GP1.46(236GP1.46)
KUSTEPELI, A. BP1.17(215BP1.17)
KUSTER, N. K03.3(62K03.3), K05.1(114K05.1), K05.2(114K05.2), KAE.4(190KAE.4), KP2.2(284KP2.2)
KUTELEV, K. A. GP2.25(270GP2.25)
KUTLU, K. GP1.62(238GP1.62)
KUTZ, C. J02.3(42J02.3)
KUZICHEV, I. HP1.9(240HP1.9)
KUZNETSOV, Y. DB1.8(30DB1.8), F03.10(55F03.10)
KUZUOGLU, M. B06.4(80B06.4)
KVICERA, V. F03.11(55F03.11), FP2.1(266FP2.1)
KWAK, Y. S. GP1.27(234GP1.27)
L
LA HOZ, C. G03.9(57G03.9)
LAAKSO, H. HG2.10(111HG2.10)
LABENSKI, J. HP2.14(278HP2.14)
LACASSE, R. JP1.12(245JP1.12)
LACH, C. DBC.3(71DBC.3)
LACY, G. J03.7(61J03.7), J07.21(136J07.21)
LADBURY, J. E01.5(11E01.5)
LAEMMLE, B. DB1.5(29DB1.5)
LAISNE, A. E01.4(11E01.4)
LAITINEN, T. A. AB1.1(78AB1.1), B04.1(68B04.1)
LAKAFOSIS, V. DT.1(103DT.1)
LAKHINA, G. S. H01.2(17H01.2), H01.3(17H01.3), HP1.13(240HP1.13)
LALE, A. A02.5(25A02.5)
LALLECHERE, S. E01.2(11E01.2)
LALOUAT, L. DP3.8(261DP3.8)
LALY, P. E07.2(126E07.2)
LAM, H. Y. F02.7(34F02.7)
LAMBROZO, J. KP1.9(249KP1.9)
LAMPROGLOU, I. K06.6(138K06.6)
LAMPROPOULOS, P. J01.7(20J01.7)
LAMY, H. G03.4(56G03.4), G08.3(145G08.3)
LANCELLOTTI, V. B12.3(196B12.3)
LANDMANN, M. CA.4(122CA.4), CA.5(122CA.5)
LANDON, J. BJ.3(140BJ.3)
LANG, R. H. F01.1(13F01.1), F02.2(33F02.2), F04.1(73F04.1), F04.5(73F04.5), F04.6(73F04.6), FP1.2(229FP1.2)
LANG, T. J. GHE2.4(192GHE2.4)
LANGAT, P. K. E08.1(143E08.1)
LANGHAM, C. ABD.2(5ABD.2)
LANGLAIS, C. CBD.2(82CBD.2)
LANGLEY, R. B. GP1.42(236GP1.42)
LANGLEY, R. S. E10.1(181E10.1)
LANGTRY, C. E05.2(84E05.2)
LAPID, O. J05.1(92J05.1)
LARKINA, V. I. EP2.5(264EP2.5), GP2.46(273GP2.46)
LARSSON, C. B06.5(80B06.5)
LARYUNIN, O. A. F06.7(107F06.7)
LASTOVICKA, J. G07.10(131G07.10)
LATRACH, M. CHGBDJK.10(102CHGBDJK.10)
LATYPOV, R. R. GP2.3(267GP2.3)
LAU, B. K. CB.4(49CB.4)
LAU, R. K. W. D08.3(142D08.3)
LAUBEN, D. S. E09.3(161E09.3)
LAURELL, F. D08.4(142D08.4)
LAURIA, E. F. J07.15(135J07.15)
LAURIN, J-J. KBE.1(40KBE.1)
LAURO, S. E. EP1.11(228EP1.11)
LAUTRU, D. B04.4(68B04.4), K03.1(62K03.1)
LAVASSAR, N. GP2.40(272GP2.40)
LAVOREL, B. D08.1(142D08.1)
LAWRENCE, S. EP1.7(228EP1.7)
LAZAROV, A. D. F05.5(86F05.5)
LAZIO, J. AGJ.3(118AGJ.3)
LE GUENNEC, D. C13.6(199C13.6)
LE ROUX, X. D03.11(51D03.11)
LE VINE, D. M. F04.1(73F04.1)
LEAL SEVILLANO, C. A. BP2.15(254BP2.15)
LEBEDEV, V. HG3.11(133HG3.11), HP2.15(278HP2.15), HP2.16(278HP2.16)
LEBOFSKY, M. J11.4(208J11.4)
LECOQ, Y. ABD.1(5ABD.1)
LEE, A. L. F07.6(129F07.6)
LEE, A-K. KAE.2(190KAE.2)
LEE, C-C. GP1.21(233GP1.21), GP1.7(231GP1.7), GP1.9(231GP1.9)
LEE, D. Y. EP2.8(265EP2.8)
LEE, D-H. HP1.8(240HP1.8)
LEE, H. DT.1(103DT.1)
LEE, J. J. GP1.27(234GP1.27)
LEE, J. K. BP1.14(214BP1.14), BP1.22(215BP1.22)
LEE, L-C. GHE2.1(192GHE2.1), H02.4(37H02.4)
LEE, L-J. GHE2.1(192GHE2.1)
LEE, W. T. E. C13.5(198C13.5)
LEE, Y. R. EP2.8(265EP2.8)
LEFERINK, F. EB.8(105EB.8)
LEFERINK, F. B. J. A04.1(66A04.1)
LEGROS, A. G. K07.3(151K07.3)
LEHTINEN, N. G. E09.3(161E09.3), HG3.2(132HG3.2), HG3.4(132HG3.4), HP2.12(277HP2.12)
LEI, Y. C11.2(157C11.2)
LEITENSTORFER, A. D03.1(50D03.1)
LEKHA, M. N. H09.3(165H09.3)
LEMAITRE-AUGER, P. B10.6(156B10.6), DBC.2(71DBC.2)
LEMBEGE, B. H02.2(37H02.2), HP1.14(241HP1.14), HP1.16(241HP1.16)
LEMKE, N. ABD.4(5ABD.4)
LEMOINE, C. E01.4(11E01.4)
LENK, O. FG.10(184FG.10)
LEONOR, N. R. C. F03.4(54F03.4)
LERA ACEDO, E. D. J02.4(42J02.4)
LESCHENKO, V. S. GP1.60(238GP1.60)
LESHEM, A. J06.9(113J06.9)
LETHINEN, N. G. GHE1.3(147GHE1.3)
LEUSKI, V. DP4.11(263DP4.11)
LEUTHOLD, J. D07.2(124D07.2)
LEVADNYI, I. FP2.3(266FP2.3)
LEVANDA, R. J06.9(113J06.9)
LEVENSON, A. D03.8(51D03.8)
LEVEQUE, P. K06.6(138K06.6)
LEVEQUE, P. P. K06.5(137K06.5)
LEVINE, J. A03.8(46A03.8)
LI, C. F07.7(129F07.7)
LI, E. BD2.1(120BD2.1), DB1.1(29DB1.1)
LI, H. CB.4(49CB.4)
LI, J. D07.2(124D07.2), GHE1.1(147GHE1.1), GHE2.4(192GHE2.4)
LI, T. ABD.1(5ABD.1), AGJ.7(119AGJ.7)
LI, W. AB1.5(78AB1.5)
LI, Y. AD.3(173AD.3), AD.5(173AD.5)
LIANG, C. E09.3(161E09.3)
LIAO, C-S. GP1.7(231GP1.7)
LIAO, G. F05.3(86F05.3)
LIAO, Y-J. AP.3(250AP.3), DP4.13(263DP4.13)
LIBERTI, M. K01.1(21K01.1), K01.2(21K01.2)
LICHTENBERGER, J. H11.5(206H11.5), HP1.1(239HP1.1)
LIENARD, M. E07.2(126E07.2)
LIMPERT, J. D03.6(50D03.6)
LIN, C. H. G05.5(88G05.5)
LIN, F-H. K07.4(151K07.4)
LIN, H-T. GP1.7(231GP1.7)
LIN, H-Y. K05.9(115K05.9)
LIN, J. C. K04.1(93K04.1)
LIN, S. C02.6(28C02.6)
LIN, W-C. DP2.5(225DP2.5)
LIN, Y-S. DP2.6(225DP2.6)
LIND, F. D. G03.6(57G03.6), G06.6(109G06.6)
LINDELL, I. V. B01.4(7B01.4), B05.2(69B05.2)
LINDHOLM, H. K05.8(115K05.8)
LINDQVIST, M. J07.1(134J07.1)
LINIGER, M. F03.7(55F03.7)
LINSCOTT, I. R. J05.4(92J05.4)
LINTON, D. AB3.1(154AB3.1), EP1.6(227EP1.6)
LIPPENS, D. D07.7(125D07.7)
LIPSON, M. D08.3(142D08.3)
LIRA, J. A. E08.5(143E08.5)
LISAUSKAS, A. DAF2.9(180DAF2.9)
LISENO, A. BP2.42(258BP2.42)
LISSEK, H. BD1.7(27BD1.7)
LITTLE, A. J11.4(208J11.4)
LITTLE, F. E. CHGBDJK.3(101CHGBDJK.3)
LIU, D. JP2.9(282JP2.9)
LIU, F. J05.6(92J05.6), JP2.9(282JP2.9)
LIU, H. G09.3(164G09.3), GP2.23(270GP2.23)
LIU, J. BD2.2(120BD2.2), D07.1(124D07.1)
LIU, J. Y. G05.5(88G05.5)
LIU, J-Y. GHE3.5(204GHE3.5)
LIU, K. KP1.1(248KP1.1)
LIU, N. GHE2.3(192GHE2.3)
LIU, Q. BP1.4(213BP1.4)
LIU, Q. H. BD2.2(120BD2.2)
LIU, Q-F. EB.10(105EB.10)
LIU, X-X. BD1.8(27BD1.8)
LJUSIC, Z. JP1.14(246JP1.14)
LLOMBART, N. DAF2.4(179DAF2.4)
LLOYD, T. K05.2(114K05.2)
LOGNONNE, P. G09.4(164G09.4), GP2.48(274GP2.48)
LOINTIER, G. HG2.9(111HG2.9)
LOMBARDI, G. B12.7(197B12.7)
LOMBARDI, M. A. A03.5(45A03.5)
LONSDALE, C. J07.9(135J07.9)
LONSDALE, C. J. J01.4(19J01.4), J11.2(208J11.2), JG.2(171JG.2)
LOPEZ R., J. M. A03.5(45A03.5)
LOPEZ-CANIEGO, M. JP2.1(281JP2.1)
LOPEZ-PEREZ, J. C12.1(177C12.1)
LOTKHOV, S. V. A04.6(67A04.6)
LOTZ, S. I. GP2.20(269GP2.20)
LOU, J. J10.7(189J10.7)
LOUET, Y. C06.2(70C06.2), C11.1(157C11.1), C11.4(157C11.4)
LOUMEAU, P. C06.5(70C06.5)
LOURS, M. ABD.1(5ABD.1)
LOVELL, J. E. J. J11.1(208J11.1)
LOVRIC, D. A04.2(66A04.2)
LOZITO, A. GP2.33(271GP2.33)
LU, B. KAE.1(190KAE.1)
LU, G. GHE1.1(147GHE1.1), GHE2.4(192GHE2.4)
LU, M. KP2.4(284KP2.4)
LUDLOW, A. ABD.4(5ABD.4)
LUETTGEN, A. HP2.11(277HP2.11)
LUI, H-S. F01.4(13F01.4), K03.5(62K03.5)
LUINI, L. F02.7(34F02.7)
LUITEN, A. ABD.1(5ABD.1)
LUO, B. DF.7(200DF.7), DP3.2(260DP3.2)
LUOMAHAARA, J. A04.6(67A04.6)
LUPU, A. DP4.4(262DP4.4)
LUUKKONEN, O. BD1.5(26BD1.5)
LYALINOV, M. A. B12.1(196B12.1)
LYONS, W. A. GHE2.4(192GHE2.4)
LYSKO, A. A. BP2.38(257BP2.38), BP2.39(257BP2.39)
M
M S, N. AB2.2(97AB2.2)
M. EL-BENDARY, M. A. CP.11(221CP.11)
M. EL-BENDARY, M. M. C05.4(64C05.4)
MA, G. C10.4(141C10.4)
MAALEJ, A. C06.5(70C06.5)
MAASKANT, R. JP1.15(246JP1.15)
MABROUK, M. DP1.4(223DP1.4)
MACDOUGALL, J. W. G06.4(108G06.4), G08.5(145G08.5), GP1.42(236GP1.42), GP2.38(272GP2.38)
MACELLONI, G. F04.3(73F04.3), F06.1(106F06.1)
MACGORMAN, D. R. GHE2.4(192GHE2.4)
MACHADO, C. S. GP1.41(236GP1.41)
MACI, S. B03.7(48B03.7), B10.3(156B10.3), BD1.3(26BD1.3), EB.6(104EB.6)
MACIT, C. EP1.5(227EP1.5)
MACKENZIE, E. G05.3(88G05.3)
MACKWELL, S. J05.1(92J05.1)
MACPHIE, R. H. BJ.6(140BJ.6)
MACQUART, J-P. GP2.41(273GP2.41), J11.1(208J11.1)
MACUSOVA, E. HP1.25(242HP1.25)
MADHUKUMAR, A. S. C13.1(198C13.1)
MAEDA, T. F09.7(163F09.7)
MAEKAWA, J. JP2.19(283JP2.19)
MAEKAWA, S. GHE3.2(204GHE3.2)
MAESTRINI, A. F01.6(13F01.6)
MAGNE, I. KP2.1(284KP2.1)
MAHARAJ, S. K. HP1.21(242HP1.21)
MAHFOUZ, Z. K03.1(62K03.1)
MAHMOOD, Q. K07.6(152K07.6)
MAHMOUD, M. S. KP2.5(284KP2.5)
MAHMOUD, S. F. BP2.11(253BP2.11)
MAIER, G. CBD.1(82CBD.1)
MAIER, S. A. DB2.1(83DB2.1)
MAISI, V. F. A04.6(67A04.6)
MAITRA, A. F02.4(33F02.4), F02.6(33F02.6), F03.3(54F03.3)
MAJI, S. GP2.13(268GP2.13), GP2.14(269GP2.14)
MAJID, W. AGJ.3(118AGJ.3)
MAKAL, S. BP1.10(214BP1.10)
MAKHARADZE, K. A. DP3.9(261DP3.9)
MALEKI, L. AD.9(174AD.9)
MALHOUROUX, N. FCA.3(203FCA.3)
MALIET, P. F01.2(13F01.2), G01.6(15G01.6)
MALLARD, B. JP1.3(244JP1.3)
MALLARD, W. J11.4(208J11.4)
MALTSEVA, O. A. GP1.52(237GP1.52), GP2.1(267GP2.1), GP2.32(271GP2.32)
MALTZ, A. F08.1(153F08.1)
MALZER, S. DAF1.4(159DAF1.4)
MANABE, T. F05.6(86F05.6)
MANARA, G. B03.4(47B03.4)
MANFREDI, P. E10.7(182E10.7), E11.1(201E11.1)
MANHOLM, L. CB.2(49CB.2)
MANJHI, J. K08.2(168K08.2)
MANNINEN, A. A04.6(67A04.6)
MANNINEN, J. HP1.1(239HP1.1)
MANZHURA, O. B10.5(156B10.5), C10.6(141C10.6)
MANZONI, C. D03.1(50D03.1)
MARCON, R. JP2.10(282JP2.10)
MAREEV, E. A. E02.5(31E02.5)
MARKKANEN, J. B05.2(69B05.2), HG4.6(149HG4.6)
MARKLEIN, R. B07.9(100B07.9)
MARKOVA, M. EP1.10(228EP1.10)
MARPAUNG, D. A. I. DP3.3(260DP3.3)
MARQUES, R. DB3.5(116DB3.5)
MARRACINO, P. K01.1(21K01.1), K01.2(21K01.2)
MARRIS-MORINI, D. D03.11(51D03.11)
MARROCCO, G. D01.1(9D01.1)
MARRONCELLI, M. D01.5(9D01.5), DP1.1(223DP1.1)
MARSHALL, H. R. K07.5(151K07.5)
MARSHALL, R. A. GP2.40(272GP2.40)
MARTEL, R. DB1.7(30DB1.7)
MARTENS, L. K05.10(115K05.10)
MARTHI, V. R. JP2.5(281JP2.5)
MARTINEZ, R. B07.3(99B07.3)
MARTINI, E. B03.7(48B03.7), B10.3(156B10.3), BD1.3(26BD1.3)
MARUN, A. JP2.10(282JP2.10)
MARUYAMA, T. CB.1(49CB.1), G07.4(130G07.4)
MARVIN, A. C12.6(177C12.6)
MASHAYEKHI, S. E02.8(32E02.8)
MASI, V. A03.5(45A03.5)
MASLOVSKI, S. I. BD1.5(26BD1.5)
MASLOWSKI, G. E02.3(31E02.3)
MASSA, A. B11.1(175B11.1), B11.2(175B11.2), CHGBDJK.4(101CHGBDJK.4)
MASSARDI, M. JP2.1(281JP2.1)
MASSON, A. HG2.10(111HG2.10)
MASTERS, J. JP1.3(244JP1.3)
MASUI, Y. J10.4(188J10.4)
MATERASSI, M. G07.2(130G07.2)
MATHESON, D. F01.6(13F01.6)
MATHEWS, J. D. G01.2(15G01.2), G08.1(145G08.1), GP1.44(236GP1.44)
MATHUR, R. K08.2(168K08.2)
MATSAKIS, D. A03.4(45A03.4), AGJ.6(118AGJ.6)
MATSKO, A. B. AD.9(174AD.9)
MATSUBARA, K. AD.3(173AD.3), AD.5(173AD.5)
MATSUKIYO, S. H02.1(37H02.1)
MATSUMOTO, H. CHGBDJK.5(101CHGBDJK.5)
MATSUMOTO, K. JP2.16(283JP2.16)
MATSUMOTO, Y. E10.2(181E10.2)
MATSUOKA, T. H09.4(165H09.4)
MATTEI, E. EP1.11(228EP1.11)
MAULUDIYANTO, A. DP4.12(263DP4.12)
MAURICE, O. EP1.3(227EP1.3)
MAURYA, A. K. GP2.42(273GP2.42), HP2.22(279HP2.22)
MAUTZ, J. R. B04.6(68B04.6), B05.3(69B05.3), BP1.45(219BP1.45)
MAYANK, K. HG1.3(90HG1.3)
MAZELLE, C. H10.9(187H10.9), HP1.16(241HP1.16)
MAZOR, R. K06.7(138K06.7)
MCCARRICK, M. HG3.6(133HG3.6)
MCCOOL, R. J03.3(60J03.3)
MCCREA, I. GP1.12(231GP1.12)
MCCREA, I. W. G03.1(56G03.1), G03.2(56G03.2), G03.5(56G03.5)
MCCULLOUGH, R. JP1.3(244JP1.3)
MCDONALD, K. F. E03.6(52E03.6)
MCEWEN, J. D. J06.8(113J06.8)
MCFERRAN, J. J. AD.1(173AD.1)
MCHARG, M. G. GHE2.2(192GHE2.2)
MCKELVEY, T. K07.6(152K07.6)
MCKINNELL, L-A. G04.4(74G04.4), G06.3(108G06.3), G08.6(145G08.6), GP1.29(234GP1.29), GP1.3(230GP1.3), GP2.20(269GP2.20)
MCLEAN, J. BP1.25(216BP1.25)
MCMILLAN, R. W. E03.2(52E03.2)
MEADOWS, J. J10.4(188J10.4)
MEBRAHTU, A. HP2.13(278HP2.13)
MECKLENBRAEUKER, C. F. CBD.1(82CBD.1)
MEDVEDEV, A. V. F07.10(129F07.10), G02.6(35G02.6), HP1.2(239HP1.2)
MEEN, T-H. AP.2(250AP.2), DP4.13(263DP4.13)
MEHRA, K. CA.6(123CA.6)
MEHTA, M. V. JP2.8(282JP2.8)
MEJRI, S. AD.1(173AD.1)
MELAMED, T. B10.1(156B10.1)
MELIA, G. C. R. KAE.10(191KAE.10)
MEMARZADEH-TEHRAN, H. KBE.1(40KBE.1)
MÉNARD, M. D08.3(142D08.3)
MENCARELLI, D. BD2.3(120BD2.3), DB1.6(29DB1.6)
MENDE, S. GHE2.1(192GHE2.1)
MENE, N. M. GP1.1(230GP1.1), GP2.36(272GP2.36)
MENG, F. Z. BP1.16(215BP1.16)
MENZEL, K. D01.4(9D01.4)
MESA LEDESMA, F. E11.4(201E11.4)
MESCHKE, M. A04.6(67A04.6)
MESSIHA, N. T. BP1.3(213BP1.3)
MESSINA, F. A03.9(46A03.9)
MESSING, R. JP1.13(245JP1.13)
MEYER, S. G. HG1.5(90HG1.5)
MEZIANE, K. G06.4(108G06.4)
MICHIELSSEN, E. EB.2(104EB.2)
MIHARA, S. CHGBDJK.2(101CHGBDJK.2)
MIKHAILOV, A. GP1.53(237GP1.53)
MIKKI, S. M. BP1.11(214BP1.11)
MIKOSHIBA, H. JP2.19(283JP2.19)
MILLA, M. A. G03.8(57G03.8), GP1.6(230GP1.6), GP2.7(268GP2.7)
MILLENAAR, R. J03.6(60J03.6)
MILLENAAR, R. P. J01.3(19J01.3), J03.2(60J03.2)
MILLER, C. R. K05.4(114K05.4)
MILLER, J. K07.3(151K07.3)
MILLER, S. G05.1(88G05.1)
MILLOT, G. D08.2(142D08.2)
MILOCH, W. J. H09.3(165H09.3), HP1.7(240HP1.7)
MINASIAN, R. A. DP1.5(223DP1.5)
MINATTI, G. B03.11(48B03.11)
MINEMATSU, M. DP4.10(263DP4.10)
MINEO, M. BD2.6(120BD2.6)
MIR, L. M. K01.5(21K01.5), K01.7(22K01.7)
MISHIN, E. H01.1(17H01.1), HG4.1(148HG4.1)
MISHRA, P. K. C05.5(64C05.5)
MITANI, T. CHGBDJK.1(101CHGBDJK.1), CHGBDJK.5(101CHGBDJK.5), CHGBDJK.6(101CHGBDJK.6)
MITCHELL, C. GP1.18(232GP1.18)
MITCHELL, C. N. JG.3(171JG.3)
MITHARWAL, R. HP1.4(239HP1.4)
MITRA, D. J11.5(208J11.5)
MIURA, A. CP.3(220CP.3)
MIYAKAWA, N. DP4.10(263DP4.10)
MIYAKE, T. HP1.5(239HP1.5)
MIYAKE, Y. H11.3(206H11.3)
MIYAKOSHI, J. K06.3(137K06.3), KP1.3(248KP1.3)
MIYAZAKI, K. E02.10(32E02.10)
MIYAZAWA, C. JP2.19(283JP2.19)
MIYAZAWA, K. JP2.19(283JP2.19)
MIZUNO, S. JP1.10(245JP1.10)
MKADDEM, F. C11.7(158C11.7)
MLIQUE, X. D07.7(125D07.7)
MODOLO, J. K07.3(151K07.3)
MOELLER, L. DAF2.7(180DAF2.7)
MOGHADDAM, M. KBE.4(40KBE.4)
MOHAMMADI, P. CP.15(222CP.15)
MOHAMMADPOUR-AGHDAM, K. B07.8(100B07.8)
MOHAMMED, U. S. CP.1(220CP.1)
MOHD ISA, F. N. C12.4(177C12.4)
MOHD ZAIN, A. F. FG.8(184FG.8)
MOHILE, V. JP2.12(282JP2.12)
MOHR, J. J. KBE.3(40KBE.3)
MOINI, R. E02.9(32E02.9)
MOL, J. D. JP1.1(244JP1.1)
MOLCHANOV, O. A. GHE3.2(204GHE3.2)
MOLDWIN, M. B. HP2.13(278HP2.13)
MOLERA, G. JP1.3(244JP1.3)
MOLLA-DJAFARI, H. K03.4(62K03.4)
MOLLET, O. DB2.5(83DB2.5)
MOLODTSOVA, I. AGJ.2(118AGJ.2)
MONARI, J. J02.4(42J02.4)
MONDAL, M. CP.6(220CP.6)
MONDAL, S. K. G08.4(145G08.4), GP2.13(268GP2.13), GP2.14(269GP2.14), GP2.15(269GP2.15), GP2.18(269GP2.18)
MONEBHURRUN, V. KB.1(210KB.1), KP2.6(284KP2.6)
MONORCHIO, A. DAF2.2(179DAF2.2), DP4.7(263DP4.7)
MONROE, M. K08.4(168K08.4)
MONTEBUGNOLI, S. J02.4(42J02.4)
MONTEJO GARAI, J. R. BP2.15(254BP2.15)
MONTES, O. F07.6(129F07.6)
MONTESINOS, I. B07.3(99B07.3)
MOON, C. H09.7(166H09.7)
MORA, N. E01.7(11E01.7), E03.4(52E03.4)
MORALES, M. F. J02.6(42J02.6)
MORAN, J. JP1.11(245JP1.11)
MOREIRA, A. FT.1(144FT.1)
MORELAND, E. C. K04.7(94K04.7)
MORGADO, A. J. C10.2(141C10.2)
MORGAN, D. D. HG2.7(111HG2.7), HG2.8(111HG2.8)
MORGENWEG, J. AD.7(174AD.7)
MORI, S. HP1.3(239HP1.3)
MORIMOTO, T. E02.6(31E02.6), E02.7(32E02.7), EGH.5(72EGH.5)
MORITAKA, T. HP1.20(241HP1.20)
MORSE, J. L. D03.3(50D03.3)
MOSADDEGHI, A. E02.1(31E02.1)
MOSIG, J. R. BD1.7(27BD1.7), BP2.46(258BP2.46), DB1.10(30DB1.10)
MOSTAFA, H. M. KP1.5(248KP1.5)
MOSTARSHEDI, S. KB.3(210KB.3)
MOTEVASSELIAN, A. AB3.5(154AB3.5)
MOTOMURA, T. H09.4(165H09.4)
MOTTONEN, M. A04.6(67A04.6)
MOY, C. C13.6(199C13.6)
MOZER, F. H03.8(59H03.8)
MOZHAEVA, N. S. GP2.1(267GP2.1), GP2.32(271GP2.32)
MRAD, M. ABD.2(5ABD.2)
MRIDULA, S. AB2.10(98AB2.10)
MUELLER, W. K05.7(115K05.7)
MUKHERJEE, A. CP.4(220CP.4)
MUKHOPADHYAY, B. DP3.1(260DP3.1)
MUKHOPADHYAY, P. F07.4(128F07.4)
MULLER, P. DAF1.4(159DAF1.4)
MURAOKA, K. JP2.19(283JP2.19)
MURIB, M. S. D07.5(124D07.5)
MURNANE, M. D03.10(51D03.10)
MURTAZA, N. CA.5(122CA.5)
MUSALE, P. A02.1(25A02.1)
MUSALE, P. D. AB2.3(97AB2.3), AB2.6(97AB2.6)
MUSCHIETTI, L. H02.2(37H02.2)
MUSHA, M. AGJ.8(119AGJ.8)
MUSHINI, S. C. GP1.19(232GP1.19)
MUSRIF, P. G. JP2.3(281JP2.3)
MUSTACOGLU, H. B04.6(68B04.6), B05.3(69B05.3)
MUTO, F. GHE3.2(204GHE3.2)
MYKKANEN, E. A04.6(67A04.6)
MYSLIVETS, S. A. DP2.10(226DP2.10)
N
NADAKUDUTI, J. K03.3(62K03.3)
NADI, M. KP2.1(284KP2.1)
NAFKHA, A. C13.3(198C13.3)
NAGAE, H. KP1.4(248KP1.4)
NAGANO, I. E02.10(32E02.10), HP2.2(276HP2.2), KP1.4(248KP1.4)
NAGANO, S. AD.3(173AD.3), AD.5(173AD.5)
NAGAOKA, T. KAE.3(190KAE.3), KAE.6(191KAE.6)
NAGAR, N. JP1.12(245JP1.12)
NAGATSUMA, T. DAF1.3(159DAF1.3)
NAITO, I. BP2.47(258BP2.47)
NAKAGAWA, F. A03.3(45A03.3), AGJ.7(119AGJ.7)
NAKAGAWA, K. AGJ.8(119AGJ.8)
NAKAGAWA, T. H10.7(187H10.7)
NAKAJIMA, Y. AD.2(173AD.2)
NAKAMURA, M. AGJ.7(119AGJ.7)
NAKAMURA, T. C10.1(141C10.1), GHE3.2(204GHE3.2), H09.4(165H09.4)
NAKAMURA, Y. EGH.5(72EGH.5)
NAKANO, H. BP1.15(214BP1.15)
NAKASONO, S. K06.2(137K06.2), K06.4(137K06.4), KP1.6(248KP1.6)
NAKATA, J. D07.5(124D07.5)
NAKATANI, T. GP2.44(273GP2.44)
NALETTO, G. AGJ.1(118AGJ.1)
NAMGALADZE, A. A. GP1.59(238GP1.59), GP2.49(274GP2.49), GP2.56(275GP2.56)
NAMURA, K. CHGBDJK.2(101CHGBDJK.2)
NARAHASHI, S. C02.1(28C02.1), C02.4(28C02.4)
NARENDAR, M. C13.1(198C13.1)
NARITA, E. K06.3(137K06.3), KP1.3(248KP1.3)
NATARAJAN, S. JP2.12(282JP2.12)
NATUSCH, T. J07.10(135J07.10), J07.17(136J07.17)
NAZARENKO, M. O. GP2.27(271GP2.27)
NAZARI, P. DB3.3(116DB3.3)
NDIITWANI, D. C. GP2.21(270GP2.21)
NEAL II, R. E. K01.6(22K01.6)
NECHAYEV, Y. DAF2.10(180DAF2.10)
NEE, J. B. F07.8(129F07.8)
NEGI, P. S. A04.3(66A04.3)
NEGISHI, T. KP1.6(248KP1.6)
NEMAIR, M. A. A. HP2.4(276HP2.4)
NEPA, P. B03.4(47B03.4)
NESIL, S. BP1.33(217BP1.33)
NESIMOGLU, T. CP.5(220CP.5)
NESTEROV, I. A. GP2.27(271GP2.27)
NEU, J. DAF1.2(159DAF1.2)
NEUBAUER, G. K05.7(115K05.7)
NEUFELD, E. KAE.4(190KAE.4), KP2.2(284KP2.2)
NEUHOLD, S. JP1.4(244JP1.4)
NEWBURY, N. R. AD.8(174AD.8)
NEY, M. FCA.3(203FCA.3)
NGUYEN, H. V. BD1.9(27BD1.9)
NGUYEN, T. F03.2(54F03.2)
NGWIRA, C. G06.3(108G06.3)
NGWIRA, C. M. GP1.3(230GP1.3)
NIAN, F. AC.1(194AC.1)
NICK, T. D01.2(9D01.2)
NICKOLAENKO, A. P. EGH.3(72EGH.3)
NICOLLS, M. J. G03.3(56G03.3), GP1.42(236GP1.42)
NIEMINEN, J. O. K07.4(151K07.4)
NIJBOER, R. JP1.17(246JP1.17)
NIJENHUIS, J. EB.9(105EB.9)
NIKITENKO, T. V. GP1.52(237GP1.52)
NIKOLIC, B. J10.8(189J10.8)
NILSSON, M. A04.2(66A04.2)
NISHI, M. F07.1(128F07.1)
NISHIDA, H. H09.4(165H09.4)
NISHIHASHI, M. GP2.19(269GP2.19), GP2.50(274GP2.50)
NISHIKAWA, K. C06.3(70C06.3)
NISHIMORI, K. CB.5(49CB.5)
NISHINO, M. N. H10.3(186H10.3), H10.8(187H10.8)
NISHITANI, N. GP2.25(270GP2.25)
NITSCH, J. B. EP2.9(265EP2.9)
NIVER, E. B10.5(156B10.5), C10.6(141C10.6)
NKANSAH, A. FP1.4(229FP1.4)
NOE, N. F01.7(14F01.7)
NOJIMA, M. EP1.2(227EP1.2)
NOJIMA, T. C02.1(28C02.1), K05.6(114K05.6)
NOLAN, M. C. J05.5(92J05.5)
NOORISHAD, P. J06.10(113J06.10)
NORGAARD-NIELSEN, H-U. J04.1(76J04.1)
NORGREN, M. BP2.2(252BP2.2)
NORROD, R. BJ.3(140BJ.3)
NOSSEK, J. A. DBC.1(71DBC.1)
NOUGUIER, F. F06.6(107F06.6)
NOUREDDINE, Y. K05.3(114K05.3)
NOUVEL, F. E07.1(126E07.1), E07.3(126E07.3)
NOVAKOV, E. CP.2(220CP.2)
NOVICK, A. N. A03.5(45A03.5)
NOZAWA, S. GP1.12(231GP1.12), HG4.4(148HG4.4)
NSIALA-NZEZA, C. CBD.2(82CBD.2)
NSUMEI, P. G02.2(35G02.2)
NUCCI, C. A. E07.9(127E07.9)
NUNN, D. H03.4(58H03.4), H03.5(58H03.5), HP1.24(242HP1.24)
NVER, O. GP1.62(238GP1.62)
NYENHUIS, J. A. K05.4(114K05.4)
O
OATES, C. W. ABD.4(5ABD.4)
OBEROI, D. J11.2(208J11.2), JG.2(171JG.2)
OBROU, O. K. GP1.16(232GP1.16), GP2.36(272GP2.36)
OCCHIUZZI, C. D01.1(9D01.1)
ODA, Y. CB.1(49CB.1)
ODABASI, H. BP1.9(214BP1.9), DP4.5(262DP4.5)
O'DROMA, M. AB3.1(154AB3.1)
O'DROMA, M. S. C11.2(157C11.2), CP.13(221CP.13)
ODZIMEK, A. GHE2.5(192GHE2.5)
OFFRINGA, A. R. J08.4(150J08.4)
OGASAWARA, Y. K06.1(137K06.1)
OGAWA, H. JP2.16(283JP2.16), JP2.19(283JP2.19)
OGAWA, K. CB.3(49CB.3)
OGAWA, Y. GP1.12(231GP1.12), HG4.4(148HG4.4)
OGHRE, O. CA.6(123CA.6)
OGINO, T. H02.6(37H02.6)
OGUNJOBI, O. HP1.22(242HP1.22)
OGUZER, T. BP1.17(215BP1.17)
OH, J. B07.7(100B07.7)
O'HALLORAN, M. KBE.8(41KBE.8)
OHIRA, T. C05.3(64C05.3)
OHISHI, M. CHGBDJK.9(102CHGBDJK.9), J08.1(150J08.1)
OHKAWARA, J. C02.4(28C02.4)
OHKUBO, C. K06.1(137K06.1), K06.2(137K06.2), K06.4(137K06.4), KP1.7(249KP1.7)
OHNO, E. H09.4(165H09.4)
OHONO, T. JP2.16(283JP2.16)
OHTA, K. GHE2.6(193GHE2.6)
OHTANI, S. KP1.7(249KP1.7)
OINATS, A. V. GP2.25(270GP2.25)
OJHA, R. J11.1(208J11.1)
OJHA, V. N. A04.3(66A04.3)
OJO, J. S. F02.8(34F02.8)
OKADA, T. HP1.5(239HP1.5)
OKAMOTO, K. F09.6(163F09.6)
OKAWACHI, Y. D08.3(142D08.3)
OKAZAKI, H. C02.1(28C02.1)
OKE, O. A. E10.3(181E10.3)
OKIKE, O. HP2.21(279HP2.21)
OKOH, D. G04.4(74G04.4)
OKTEM, B. D03.2(50D03.2)
OKUDA, T. J07.14(135J07.14)
OKUZAKI, H. DAF2.3(179DAF2.3)
OLIVERI, G. B11.1(175B11.1), B11.2(175B11.2), CHGBDJK.4(101CHGBDJK.4)
OLOFSSON, H. J07.1(134J07.1)
OMURA, Y. H02.4(37H02.4), H03.4(58H03.4), H03.5(58H03.5), H10.3(186H10.3), H10.4(186H10.4), H10.8(187H10.8), HP1.24(242HP1.24), HP1.29(243HP1.29), HP1.30(243HP1.30)
ONAE, A. AD.2(173AD.2)
O'NEIL, K. JP1.3(244JP1.3)
O'NEILL, P. F04.4(73F04.4)
O'NEILL, P. E. FP1.2(229FP1.2)
ONO, T. H10.3(186H10.3), H10.4(186H10.4), H10.6(186H10.6), H10.8(187H10.8)
ONODERA, S. JP2.19(283JP2.19)
OOSTERLOO, T. A. BJ.5(140BJ.5)
OPPENHEIM, M. M. H01.5(17H01.5)
OPPERMAN, B. GP1.29(234GP1.29)
ORD, S. M. J06.2(112J06.2)
ORLOV, A. GP1.25(233GP1.25)
OSHEROVICH, V. HG2.1(110HG2.1)
OSHEROVICH, V. A. HG1.4(90HG1.4)
OSIPOV, A. B04.3(68B04.3), BP1.18(215BP1.18)
OSTGAARD, N. GHE1.3(147GHE1.3), GHE1.4(147GHE1.4)
OTANI, C. DAF2.3(179DAF2.3)
OTANI, N. C05.2(64C05.2)
OTSUJI, T. DAF1.7(160DAF1.7)
OTSUKA, F. H09.4(165H09.4)
OTSUKA, Y. GP2.23(270GP2.23)
OTSUYAMA, T. GHE2.6(193GHE2.6)
OTTO, A. J. E08.1(143E08.1)
OTUNG, I. E. F02.1(33F02.1)
OU, B. DF.7(200DF.7)
OVCHINNIKOV, A. O. FG.6(183FG.6)
OWEN, F. N. J02.3(42J02.3)
OXBORROW, M. ABD.2(5ABD.2)
OYAMA, T. JP1.10(245JP1.10)
OYEKOLA, O. S. GP1.4(230GP1.4)
OZAKI, M. E02.10(32E02.10)
OZAKI, R. B12.4(196B12.4)
OZAWA, Y. CHGBDJK.2(101CHGBDJK.2)
OZBAKIS, B. BP1.17(215BP1.17)
OZBAY, E. CD.3(44CD.3)
OZBEK, S. BP1.42(218BP1.42)
OZDEMIR, C. BP1.40(218BP1.40), DAF2.5(179DAF2.5), F05.2(86F05.2)
OZDEMIR, E. A04.5(66A04.5)
OZEN, S. CA.8(123CA.8), E11.7(202E11.7), F02.9(34F02.9), FCA.2(203FCA.2)
OZGUN, O. B06.4(80B06.4)
OZKAYA, U. BP1.33(217BP1.33)
OZTURK, A. K. B03.8(48B03.8)
OZTURK, Y. AB1.3(78AB1.3)
OZYUZER, L. DAF1.4(159DAF1.4), DP4.10(263DP4.10)
P
PADHI, S. J02.4(42J02.4)
PADIN, S. J10.7(189J10.7)
PADOKIN, A. M. HG4.5(148HG4.5)
PAETZOLD, M. J05.4(92J05.4)
PAGNETTI, A. E07.9(127E07.9)
PAIER, A. CBD.1(82CBD.1)
PAJUSCO, P. FCA.3(203FCA.3)
PAKNYS, R. B03.8(48B03.8)
PAL, P. FP1.1(229FP1.1)
PAL, R. H09.1(165H09.1)
PAL, S. C01.3(8C01.3), C01.4(8C01.4), C01.5(8C01.5), CD.4(44CD.4), GP2.10(268GP2.10), GP2.12(268GP2.12), GP2.13(268GP2.13), GP2.15(269GP2.15), GP2.16(269GP2.16), GP2.17(269GP2.17), GP2.22(270GP2.22)
PALADIAN, F. E01.2(11E01.2), E07.9(127E07.9), EP1.3(227EP1.3)
PALAMUTCUOGULLARI, O. CD.3(44CD.3), CP.9(221CP.9)
PALAUTCUOGULLARI, O. AC.6(194AC.6)
PALICOT, J. C06.2(70C06.2), C06.4(70C06.4), C11.1(157C11.1), C13.3(198C13.3), C13.6(199C13.6)
PALMER, R. D07.2(124D07.2)
PALOSCIA, S. F04.3(73F04.3), F06.1(106F06.1)
PAMPALONI, P. F04.3(73F04.3), F06.1(106F06.1)
PAN, L. F07.2(128F07.2)
PAN, S. DB3.3(116DB3.3)
PANAGOPOULOS, A. D. F02.7(34F02.7)
PANCHENKO, V. A. HP2.10(277HP2.10)
PANDIAN, V. K08.2(168K08.2)
PANFILO, G. A03.1(45A03.1), A03.4(45A03.4)
PANIN, S. B. BP1.42(218BP1.42)
PAN'SHIN, E. A. HG2.3(110HG2.3)
PANT, K. AD.10(174AD.10)
PANT, P. GP2.42(273GP2.42)
PANT, T. GP1.2(230GP1.2)
PANT, T. K. G01.3(15G01.3), G05.4(88G05.4), GP1.30(234GP1.30), GP1.36(235GP1.36)
PANTALEEV, M. JP2.14(283JP2.14)
PAOLONI, C. BD2.6(120BD2.6)
PAPADOPOULOS, K. H03.1(58H03.1), HG3.1(132HG3.1), HP2.14(278HP2.14)
PAPADOPOULOS, T. G. B11.3(175B11.3)
PARDO-MARTIN, C. D07.11(125D07.11)
PARK, J. F01.3(13F01.3)
PARK, S. M. GP1.27(234GP1.27)
PARK, S-O. BP2.36(257BP2.36)
PARKER, T. E. A03.10(46A03.10)
PARMAKSIZ, E. FG.10(184FG.10)
PARROT, M. EGH.1(72EGH.1), EGH.2(72EGH.2), GHE1.5(147GHE1.5), GHE3.1(204GHE3.1), GP2.47(274GP2.47), H03.9(59H03.9), H04.1(77H04.1), H04.2(77H04.2), H04.3(77H04.3), HP1.26(242HP1.26), HP2.23(279HP2.23), HP2.24(279HP2.24)
PARSONS, A. R. JT.1(39JT.1)
PARTRIDGE, B. JP2.1(281JP2.1)
PASHKIN, Y. A. A04.6(67A04.6)
PASISKEVICIUS, V. D08.4(142D08.4)
PASKO, V. P. GHE2.7(193GHE2.7)
PASTORINO, M. B11.2(175B11.2)
PATEL, K. A04.3(66A04.3)
PATEL, S. M. A04.3(66A04.3)
PATHAK, N. P. C01.2(8C01.2)
PATHAK, P. H. B03.2(47B03.2)
PATHIKULANGARA, J. JP1.4(244JP1.4)
PATIL, A. V. GP2.45(273GP2.45), GP2.47(274GP2.47)
PATNAIK, A. BP2.32(256BP2.32)
PATRA, A. K. GP2.23(270GP2.23)
PAUL, A. GP1.8(231GP1.8)
PAUL, O. DAF1.2(159DAF1.2)
PAUL, S. AP.1(250AP.1), BP2.30(256BP2.30), EP1.9(228EP1.9), FP1.1(229FP1.1), HP2.9(277HP2.9)
PAULA, E. R. D. G09.4(164G09.4), GP2.48(274GP2.48)
PAVANELLO, D. E02.1(31E02.1)
PAVLYUCHENKO, A. BP1.42(218BP1.42)
PAWAR, A. A. A02.2(25A02.2)
PAWLENKA, M. J. K05.3(114K05.3)
PAZNUKHOV, V. HG4.2(148HG4.2)
PEA, N. E03.4(52E03.4)
PECHAC, P. FP2.1(266FP2.1)
PEDERSEN, T. HG4.2(148HG4.2)
PEKOLA, J. P. A04.6(67A04.6)
PELLETIER, R. A03.5(45A03.5)
PELLINEN-WANNBERG, A. GL2.1(96GL2.1)
PENA DE BERRAZUETA, J. K08.7(169K08.7)
PENA, N. E01.7(11E01.7)
PENG, T. B03.5(47B03.5), EB.4(104EB.4)
PENG, X. DP3.10(261DP3.10)
PEREZ, D. A03.5(45A03.5)
PEREZ-ALVAREZ, I. C12.1(177C12.1)
PERINI, F. J02.4(42J02.4)
PERLEY, R. A. J02.3(42J02.3), J11.6(209J11.6), JP2.1(281JP2.1)
PERNEEL, C. DF.5(200DF.5)
PERRET, E. D01.6(9D01.6)
PERRI, S. H02.9(38H02.9)
PERRIN, A. K06.6(138K06.6), KP1.9(249KP1.9)
PERRONE, L. GP1.53(237GP1.53)
PERSON, C. KAE.6(191KAE.6)
PERSSON, M. BP1.39(218BP1.39), F01.4(13F01.4), K03.5(62K03.5), K07.6(152K07.6), K08.7(169K08.7), KBE.3(40KBE.3), KBE.5(40KBE.5), KP1.8(249KP1.8)
PETERS, D. W. D07.6(124D07.6)
PETERSON, A. F. B05.1(69B05.1)
PETIT, G. A03.1(45A03.1), AGJ.5(118AGJ.5)
PETOSA, A. BP2.24(255BP2.24)
PETRARCA, C. E02.4(31E02.4)
PETRICH, G. S. D03.3(50D03.3)
PETROV, E. Y. BP1.2(213BP1.2)
PETTINATO, S. F04.3(73F04.3), F06.1(106F06.1)
PETTINELLI, E. EP1.11(228EP1.11)
PEVERINI, O. J02.4(42J02.4)
PEYRADE, D. DP3.8(261DP3.8)
PEZHEMSKAYA, M. GP1.25(233GP1.25)
PEZHOLIL, M. AB2.10(98AB2.10), AB2.2(97AB2.2), AP.7(251AP.7)
PEZZOPANE, M. GP1.50(237GP1.50)
PFAFF, R. G02.9(36G02.9)
PFAFF, R. F. G01.2(15G01.2), G09.6(164G09.6), GP1.51(237GP1.51), H01.4(17H01.4), HP2.13(278HP2.13)
PHANIKUMAR, D. V. GP1.27(234GP1.27)
PICART, E. DP3.8(261DP3.8)
PICHLER, H. E02.1(31E02.1)
PICKETT, J. HP1.25(242HP1.25)
PICKETT, J. S. H01.2(17H01.2), H04.1(77H04.1)
PICON, O. KB.3(210KB.3)
PICON, O. O. KB.2(210KB.2)
PIERANTONI, L. BD2.3(120BD2.3), DB1.6(29DB1.6)
PIETRELLA, M. GP1.49(237GP1.49), GP1.50(237GP1.50)
PIETTE, M. DP2.7(226DP2.7)
PIGNARI, S. A. E01.6(11E01.6), E10.9(182E10.9)
PIGNATELLI, A. GP1.50(237GP1.50)
PILLAY, S. R. HP1.13(240HP1.13)
PIMENTA, A. A. GP1.37(235GP1.37), GP1.41(236GP1.41)
PINCON, J-L. GHE1.5(147GHE1.5)
PINEL, N. F06.4(106F06.4)
PING, J. J04.5(76J04.5)
PINKERT, T. J. AD.7(174AD.7)
PINON, J. L. HP2.24(279HP2.24)
PINTO, Y. KAE.6(191KAE.6), KB.6(211KB.6)
PIOSIK, J. KP1.2(248KP1.2)
PIPIS, K. F03.1(54F03.1)
PIROG, O. GP1.25(233GP1.25)
PIVNENKO, S. B04.1(68B04.1)
PLAMBECK, R. J10.5(188J10.5)
PLOSS, D. DAF1.4(159DAF1.4)
PODDEL'SKY, I. GP1.25(233GP1.25), GP2.24(270GP2.24)
PODILCHAK, S. K. BP2.11(253BP2.11)
PODLESNY, A. V. HP1.2(239HP1.2)
PODLESNYI, A. HG3.11(133HG3.11)
POKHOTELOV, D. H03.3(58H03.3)
POLAT, B. BP2.13(253BP2.13), BP2.14(254BP2.14), DP2.1(225DP2.1)
POLEKH, N. GP2.24(270GP2.24)
POLIMATIDI, V. P. HP2.10(277HP2.10), HP2.17(278HP2.17)
POLIMERIDIS, A. G. BP2.46(258BP2.46), DB1.10(30DB1.10)
POLLARI, M. K07.4(151K07.4)
PONOMARCHUK, S. GP2.39(272GP2.39)
PONOMARCHUK, S. N. G01.4(15G01.4)
POPA, B-I. DB3.4(116DB3.4)
POPMINTCHEV, D. D03.10(51D03.10)
POPMINTCHEV, T. D03.10(51D03.10)
POPOV, A. K. DP2.10(226DP2.10)
POPOV, M. J04.3(76J04.3)
POPOVIć, M. A. D07.3(124D07.3)
POPOVIC, Z. AP.6(251AP.6)
POSPIESZALSKI, M. J02.3(42J02.3)
POSTIGO, H. A03.5(45A03.5)
POSTILA, M. HG4.6(149HG4.6)
POTAPOV, V. A. C10.5(141C10.5)
POTEKHIN, A. HP2.15(278HP2.15), HP2.16(278HP2.16)
POTTHAST, S. E03.10(53E03.10)
POUSTOVALOVA, L. V. GP1.38(235GP1.38)
POUZIN, A. DBC.2(71DBC.2)
POZOGA, M. GP1.15(232GP1.15)
PRAHO, B. E07.3(126E07.3)
PRASAD, G. M. C05.5(64C05.5)
PRATHER, W. D. E03.1(52E03.1)
PRATI, E. DAF2.2(179DAF2.2)
PRATO, F. K07.3(151K07.3)
PRATO, F. S. K07.5(151K07.5)
PREU, S. DAF1.4(159DAF1.4)
PRICE, C. G. EP1.8(228EP1.8)
PRICE, D. C. JP1.19(246JP1.19)
PRIEBE, S. CA.10(123CA.10)
PRIKRYL, P. G06.4(108G06.4), GP1.19(232GP1.19)
PRIMIANI, R. A. JP1.11(245JP1.11)
PRIYADARSHI, S. G07.3(130G07.3)
PRODDATURI, R. HG1.3(90HG1.3)
PROKHOROV, B. E. GP2.56(275GP2.56)
PRZEPIRKA, D. G02.7(36G02.7)
PU, Z. HP1.15(241HP1.15)
PU, Z. Y. H02.7(38H02.7)
PUCCIO, W. G03.7(57G03.7)
PUCHKOV, V. A. HP2.10(277HP2.10)
PUGGELLI, F. B03.11(48B03.11)
PUGH, G. CA.6(123CA.6)
PUGŽLYS, A. D03.10(51D03.10)
PUKHIR, H. K03.7(63K03.7)
PULINETS, S. A. GHE3.6(205GHE3.6), HG2.3(110HG2.3)
PUROHIT, R. AB2.7(98AB2.7)
PURSER, C. M. HG1.4(90HG1.4)
PURSIMO, T. J11.1(208J11.1)
Q
QI, J. B06.1(80B06.1)
QUESTELLES, A. A03.5(45A03.5)
QUINLAN, F. ABD.4(5ABD.4)
QURESHI, M. A. B04.2(68B04.2)
QUTUBUDDIN, K. B05.3(69B05.3)
R
RACHIDI, F. E01.7(11E01.7), E02.1(31E02.1), E03.4(52E03.4)
RAE, I. J. G06.4(108G06.4)
RAGGAD, H. CHGBDJK.10(102CHGBDJK.10)
RAGHUNATHAN, A. JP1.20(246JP1.20)
RAHEEM, G. M. CP.1(220CP.1)
RAHM, M. DAF1.2(159DAF1.2)
RAHMAT-SAMII, Y. AB1.2(78AB1.2), B03.3(47B03.3), BP2.5(252BP2.5)
RAITA, T. H03.11(59H03.11)
RAJAGOPALAN, H. BP2.5(252BP2.5)
RAKOV, V. A. E02.2(31E02.2), E02.3(31E02.3), E02.4(31E02.4)
RAMAN, S. AB2.10(98AB2.10)
RAMASWAMY, B. JP2.11(282JP2.11)
RAMOS P., R. A03.5(45A03.5)
RANADE BORDIKAR, M. HG3.6(133HG3.6)
RANAIVONIARIVO, M. DP2.9(226DP2.9)
RANDAZZO, A. B11.2(175B11.2)
RANVIER, S. G08.3(145G08.3)
RANZANI, L. AP.6(251AP.6)
RATAJCZAK, P. DP4.2(262DP4.2)
RATOVSKY, K. HP2.15(278HP2.15)
RATOVSKY, K. G. F07.10(129F07.10), G02.6(35G02.6), G04.6(74G04.6), GP1.22(233GP1.22), GP1.40(235GP1.40), HP1.2(239HP1.2)
RAU, U. J06.5(112J06.5)
RAUCH, J. L. GP1.26(233GP1.26)
RAUCH, J-L. GHE1.5(147GHE1.5), HG2.9(111HG2.9), HP1.25(242HP1.25)
RAULIN, J-P. EP2.4(264EP2.4), G06.7(109G06.7)
RAUSCHA, F. K05.7(115K05.7)
RAUT, S. BP2.24(255BP2.24)
RAUTIAINEN, K. F06.9(107F06.9)
RAWAT, K. C11.5(157C11.5)
RAY, J. JP1.3(244JP1.3)
RAY, S. GP1.8(231GP1.8), GP2.13(268GP2.13), GP2.15(269GP2.15), GP2.53(274GP2.53), GP2.55(275GP2.55)
RAZA, H. JP2.14(283JP2.14)
RAZAFFERSON, R. E07.3(126E07.3)
RAZAVI, N. J02.4(42J02.4)
RAZAVIPOUR, H. BD1.9(27BD1.9)
RAZBAN, T. CHGBDJK.10(102CHGBDJK.10)
RAZEVIG, V. BP1.30(217BP1.30)
READER, H. C. E08.1(143E08.1), E09.2(161E09.2)
REBAI, C. C06.5(70C06.5)
REBELO, S. M. FCA.1(203FCA.1)
REBOLLAR MACHAIN, J. M. BP2.15(254BP2.15)
REDA, J. HP1.1(239HP1.1)
REDDING, D. J10.7(189J10.7)
REDDY, A. HG1.3(90HG1.3)
REICH, W. J01.6(19J01.6)
REIGADA, R. K01.3(21K01.3)
REILAND, G. P. J07.15(135J07.15)
REINEIX, A. EP1.3(227EP1.3)
REINHARD, B. DAF1.2(159DAF1.2)
REINISCH, B. HG4.2(148HG4.2)
REINISCH, B. W. G02.2(35G02.2), G04.2(74G04.2), GP1.39(235GP1.39), HG1.3(90HG1.3), HG1.4(90HG1.4), HG1.6(91HG1.6), HG2.2(110HG2.2)
REISING, S. C. F07.3(128F07.3), F07.6(129F07.6)
REKANOS, I. T. B11.3(175B11.3)
REN, W. AB1.5(78AB1.5)
REN, Y-J. BP1.1(213BP1.1)
RENGARAJAN, S. R. BP2.26(255BP2.26)
REPIN, N. N. BP1.23(216BP1.23)
RETTERER, J. G06.8(109G06.8)
REUVENI, Y. EP1.8(228EP1.8)
REYNAERT, P. C02.2(28C02.2)
REYNOLDS, C. J11.1(208J11.1)
RICHALOT, E. KB.3(210KB.3)
RICHARD, R. H02.8(38H02.8)
RICHER, J. S. J10.8(189J10.8)
RICHTER, J. FCA.1(203FCA.1)
RICKETT, B. J. J11.1(208J11.1)
RIDA, A. DT.1(103DT.1)
RIDDER, R. M. D. DP3.3(260DP3.3)
RIETVELD, M. G04.1(74G04.1)
RIETVELD, M. T. HG3.7(133HG3.7), HG4.4(148HG4.4), HG4.5(148HG4.5), HG4.6(149HG4.6)
RISON, W. GHE2.4(192GHE2.4)
RIZK, M. M. C13.2(198C13.2)
ROBERT, P. H03.3(58H03.3)
ROBERTSON, J. K07.3(151K07.3)
ROBERTSON, J. A. K07.5(151K07.5)
ROBINSON, M. P. KAE.10(191KAE.10)
ROBLIN, C. CA.7(123CA.7), CA.9(123CA.9)
ROCCA, P. CHGBDJK.4(101CHGBDJK.4)
ROC'H, A. EB.8(105EB.8)
RODDIS, N. J03.4(60J03.4), J03.8(61J03.8)
RODDY, P. A. G02.4(35G02.4), G05.2(88G05.2)
RODGER, C. H11.5(206H11.5), HP1.1(239HP1.1)
RODGER, C. J. H03.11(59H03.11), H03.9(59H03.9), H11.4(206H11.4), HG1.5(90HG1.5), HP1.22(242HP1.22), HP1.26(242HP1.26)
RODRIGUEZ, J. M. DF.6(200DF.6)
ROELOFFZEN, C. G. H. DP3.3(260DP3.3)
ROGERS, A. E. E. J01.4(19J01.4)
ROHDE, C. D07.11(125D07.11)
ROININEN, L. G03.10(57G03.10)
ROMA, M. A03.9(46A03.9)
ROMAN, F. E01.7(11E01.7), E03.4(52E03.4)
ROMEIN, J. W. JP1.1(244JP1.1)
ROMISCH, S. A03.10(46A03.10)
RONAGHZADEH, A. CD.2(44CD.2)
RONG, A. BD2.7(121BD2.7)
ROOS, P. A. AD.8(174AD.8)
ROSENBAND, T. ABD.4(5ABD.4)
ROSHI, D. A. JP1.3(244JP1.3)
ROSKOS, H. G. BP1.16(215BP1.16), DAF1.1(159DAF1.1), DAF2.9(180DAF2.9)
ROTERMUND, F. D03.4(50D03.4)
ROTHKAEHL, H. G02.7(36G02.7)
ROTHWELL, E. B07.1(99B07.1)
ROTMAN, S. R. DF.5(200DF.5)
ROWLAND, D. E. G01.2(15G01.2), GP1.51(237GP1.51)
ROY, R. GP2.9(268GP2.9)
ROZANOV, K. N. B06.7(81B06.7)
ROZHNOI, A. A. GHE3.2(204GHE3.2), GHE3.6(205GHE3.6)
ROZZI, T. BD2.3(120BD2.3), DB1.6(29DB1.6)
RUBAEK, T. BP1.39(218BP1.39), KBE.3(40KBE.3), KP1.8(249KP1.8)
RUBINSTEIN, M. E02.1(31E02.1)
RUBIOLA, E. ABD.2(5ABD.2)
RUDAKOV, L. HP2.3(276HP2.3)
RUDANT, L. DBC.3(71DBC.3)
RUDENKO, T. S. H09.4(165H09.4)
RUDOLPH, S. M. DB3.1(116DB3.1)
RUDRAWAR, S. S. A02.3(25A02.3)
RUIZ CRUZ, J. A. BP2.15(254BP2.15)
RUSSELL, D. J03.10(61J03.10)
RUSSER, J. EB.3(104EB.3)
RUSSER, J. A. BD2.9(121BD2.9)
RUSSER, P. BD2.9(121BD2.9), BP1.18(215BP1.18), E07.6(126E07.6), ET.1(170ET.1)
RUTLEDGE, S. A. GHE2.4(192GHE2.4)
RYCROFT, M. J. EGH.4(72EGH.4), GHE2.5(192GHE2.5)
RYLYAKOV, A. D07.4(124D07.4)
RYUO, T. AGJ.8(119AGJ.8)
RYZHII, M. DAF1.7(160DAF1.7)
RYZHII, V. DAF1.7(160DAF1.7)
S
SłOMIńSKA, E. G02.7(36G02.7)
SABAH, C. A04.5(66A04.5), BP1.16(215BP1.16), DAF1.1(159DAF1.1)
SABATH, F. E03.1(52E03.1), E03.9(53E03.9)
SABLE, N. A02.6(25A02.6)
SACKO, M. CA.9(123CA.9)
SADEGHI, S. H. H. E02.9(32E02.9)
SADEGHPOUR, T. AC.7(195AC.7), C02.5(28C02.5)
SAED, M. BP1.28(216BP1.28)
SAFONOVA, G. BP1.44(219BP1.44)
SAGLAM, H. DP4.10(263DP4.10)
SAHA, C. DP2.8(226DP2.8)
SAHALOS, J. N. BP2.25(255BP2.25)
SAHIN, M. E. E07.7(127E07.7)
SAHIN, O. G02.1(35G02.1)
SAHOO, S. F07.3(128F07.3)
SAHR, J. D. G06.6(109G06.6)
SAHRAOUI, F. HP1.11(240HP1.11)
SAID, R. K. E09.4(161E09.4)
SAINI, S. G05.7(89G05.7)
SAIRA, O-P. A04.6(67A04.6)
SAITO, K. K05.9(115K05.9), K08.5(168K08.5), KAE.6(191KAE.6), KP2.3(284KP2.3)
SAITO, M. BP2.47(258BP2.47), J10.6(188J10.6)
SAITO, S. G07.4(130G07.4), GP2.23(270GP2.23), HP1.10(240HP1.10)
SAITO, T. CHGBDJK.2(101CHGBDJK.2)
SAITO, Y. H10.3(186H10.3), H10.8(187H10.8), JP2.19(283JP2.19)
SAKAGUCHI, R. K06.1(137K06.1)
SAKAI, O. H09.2(165H09.2)
SAKAI, T. K06.10(138K06.10), K06.2(137K06.2), K06.4(137K06.4), K06.9(138K06.9)
SAKURAI, T. K06.3(137K06.3), KP1.3(248KP1.3)
SALAMA, K. N. C12.7(178C12.7)
SALAS NATERA, M. B07.3(99B07.3)
SALAZAR, M. B07.4(99B07.4), E03.7(53E03.7)
SALAZAR-PALMA, M. BP1.21(215BP1.21)
SALEM, M. A. B10.5(156B10.5), BP1.19(215BP1.19), BP1.32(217BP1.32), BP2.37(257BP2.37)
SALEM, R. D08.3(142D08.3)
SALMI, S. G03.10(57G03.10)
SALOUS, S. C12.3(177C12.3), CA.6(123CA.6)
SALUNKE, P. AB2.7(98AB2.7)
SAMANES, J. EP2.4(264EP2.4)
SAMARA, C. D07.11(125D07.11)
SAMELSOHN, G. BP1.41(218BP1.41)
SAMIMI, A. HG3.6(133HG3.6)
SAN, S. E. K04.2(93K04.2)
SANCAK, E. EP1.5(227EP1.5)
SANCHEZ, E. G03.1(56G03.1)
SANCHEZ, H. A03.5(45A03.5)
SANDAHL, I. G03.4(56G03.4)
SANDEEP, S. F08.2(153F08.2)
SANDER, M. Y. DB1.3(29DB1.3)
SANDER, M. Y-L. D03.3(50D03.3)
SANDOGHDAR, V. DB2.4(83DB2.4)
SANFUI, M. BP2.30(256BP2.30), FP1.1(229FP1.1), HP2.9(277HP2.9)
SANGHERA, H. F01.6(13F01.6)
SANO, M. B. K01.6(22K01.6)
SANTA, M. AP.7(251AP.7)
SANTARELLI, G. ABD.1(5ABD.1)
SANTI, E. F04.3(73F04.3), F06.1(106F06.1)
SANTOLIK, O. GP1.26(233GP1.26), H04.1(77H04.1), HP1.25(242HP1.25), HP1.27(243HP1.27), HP2.23(279HP2.23)
SARABANDI, K. B07.7(100B07.7), BD2.4(120BD2.4), DB1.9(30DB1.9), DP4.9(263DP4.9), F05.1(86F05.1)
SARDI, G. M. BD1.3(26BD1.3)
SARKAR, T. B07.4(99B07.4), E03.7(53E03.7)
SARKAR, T. K. BP1.21(215BP1.21)
SASAKI, H. K06.10(138K06.10), K06.9(138K06.9)
SASAKI, K. K06.10(138K06.10), K06.9(138K06.9)
SASAKI, T. CHGBDJK.2(101CHGBDJK.2)
SASAOKA, H. C05.2(64C05.2)
SASMAL, S. GP2.10(268GP2.10), GP2.13(268GP2.13), GP2.15(269GP2.15), GP2.52(274GP2.52)
SATAKE, R. BP1.15(214BP1.15)
SATOU, A. DAF1.7(160DAF1.7)
SAUCEDO NIETO, S. E11.4(201E11.4)
SAUNDERS, C. S. BD2.8(121BD2.8)
SAUVAUD, J-A. GHE1.5(147GHE1.5), HP1.26(242HP1.26)
SAVIZ, M. BP1.13(214BP1.13)
SAVOINI, P. HP1.14(241HP1.14)
SAVOV, S. V. BP2.27(256BP2.27)
SAYAN, G. T. DP4.6(262DP4.6)
SAYED, F. C05.4(64C05.4)
SAZLI, M. H. C13.4(198C13.4)
SCAIFE, A. M. M. J01.6(19J01.6), J06.7(113J06.7)
SCALES, W. HG3.6(133HG3.6)
SCHAEFERS, G. K05.3(114K05.3)
SCHAMILOGLU, E. E03.6(52E03.6)
SCHEDIWY, S. JP1.19(246JP1.19)
SCHEKOTOV, A. Y. EGH.3(72EGH.3)
SCHERRER, G. D07.7(125D07.7)
SCHEYTT, C. DB1.5(29DB1.5)
SCHFER, W. ABD.2(5ABD.2)
SCHINCKEL, A. BJ.1(140BJ.1)
SCHMALZ, K. DB1.5(29DB1.5)
SCHMIDT, C. H. A04.4(66A04.4), B04.2(68B04.2)
SCHMITT, P. KP2.1(284KP2.1)
SCHMITTER, E. D. G02.10(36G02.10)
SCHNEIDER, C. CA.1(122CA.1)
SCHOBERT, D. T. EB.5(104EB.5)
SCHOEBEL, J. CA.10(123CA.10)
SCHOW, C. D07.4(124D07.4)
SCHRIVER, D. H02.8(38H02.8)
SCHROEDER, W. L. CA.3(122CA.3)
SCHUCK, P. H01.4(17H01.4)
SCHÜZ, J. KT.1(65KT.1)
SCHWEICHER, E. DF.1(200DF.1), DF.2(200DF.2)
SCIMECA, M. D07.2(124D07.2)
SCOTT, I. E11.6(202E11.6)
SCOTT, S. JP1.3(244JP1.3)
SCOTTO, C. GP1.54(237GP1.54), GP2.33(271GP2.33)
SCWHEICHER, E. DF.5(200DF.5)
SEAL, R. GP2.29(271GP2.29)
SEE, C. H. AC.7(195AC.7)
SEGONDS, P. D03.8(51D03.8)
SEKER, I. G01.2(15G01.2), GP1.44(236GP1.44)
SEKER, S. S. F04.2(73F04.2)
SEKI, T. C06.3(70C06.3)
SEKIDO, M. EP1.4(227EP1.4)
SELCHER, C. HG3.6(133HG3.6)
SELCHER, C. A. HG3.5(132HG3.5)
SELVAKUMARAN, R. GP2.42(273GP2.42), HP2.22(279HP2.22)
SEMAN, N. BP2.43(258BP2.43), CB.6(49CB.6)
SEN GUPTA, A. AD.10(174AD.10)
SENALP, E. T. G07.8(131G07.8)
SENGIZ, M. BP2.44(258BP2.44)
SENGOR, T. AP.8(251AP.8), BP2.23(255BP2.23), GHE3.7(205GHE3.7)
SENIOR, A. HG4.6(149HG4.6)
SEO, H-J. BP2.28(256BP2.28)
SEPPA, H. A04.6(67A04.6)
SEPPANEN, J. F06.9(107F06.9)
SERAN, E. GHE1.5(147GHE1.5)
SEREN, H. R. D07.9(125D07.9)
SERGEEV, E. N. HG3.3(132HG3.3)
SERGEEV, I. Y. C12.5(177C12.5), C12.9(178C12.9), HP2.20(279HP2.20)
SERGEEVA, M. A. GP2.5(267GP2.5)
SERGIENKO, T. G03.4(56G03.4)
SERGIEVSKAYA, I. F06.4(106F06.4)
SERPENGUZEL, A. D07.5(124D07.5)
SERTEL, K. AP.5(250AP.5), B03.5(47B03.5), DB3.7(117DB3.7), EB.4(104EB.4)
SESIA, I. A03.11(46A03.11)
SETIJADI, E. F02.3(33F02.3)
SETTI, S. K08.1(168K08.1)
SETTIMI, A. GP1.54(237GP1.54), GP2.33(271GP2.33)
SEWELL, P. E11.6(202E11.6)
SEZEN, U. FG.10(184FG.10), G02.1(35G02.1)
SHABAN, H. A. K04.6(93K04.6)
SHAFALYUK, A. BP2.9(253BP2.9)
SHAFALYUK, O. BP2.6(252BP2.6)
SHAGIMURATOV, I. I. G02.3(35G02.3), GP1.11(231GP1.11), GP1.14(232GP1.14), GP1.60(238GP1.60), GP2.26(270GP2.26), GP2.51(274GP2.51)
SHAHIDUL, S. AP.8(251AP.8)
SHAHVARPOUR, A. BP2.3(252BP2.3)
SHAKIB, S. A. BP2.45(258BP2.45)
SHALYAPIN, V. FP2.3(266FP2.3)
SHAMIM, A. C12.7(178C12.7)
SHAMRAI, K. P. H09.4(165H09.4)
SHAN, Q. E07.4(126E07.4)
SHANER, E. A. D07.6(124D07.6)
SHANIN, G. I. JP2.18(283JP2.18)
SHANKER, B. B07.1(99B07.1)
SHANNON, R. M. AGJ.4(118AGJ.4)
SHAO, Q. KAE.1(190KAE.1)
SHAO, X. H03.1(58H03.1), HG2.4(110HG2.4), HG3.1(132HG3.1), HP2.7(277HP2.7)
SHAPIRA, O. D03.9(51D03.9)
SHARMA, A. K. GP2.45(273GP2.45), GP2.47(274GP2.47)
SHARMA, A. S. H03.1(58H03.1)
SHARMA, P. F02.5(33F02.5)
SHARMA, R. FP2.4(266FP2.4)
SHARMA, R. Y. BD2.11(121BD2.11)
SHARMA, V. C01.2(8C01.2)
SHASHIKADZE, Z. M. DP3.9(261DP3.9)
SHATALINA, M. V. E02.5(31E02.5)
SHAWKI, F. C05.4(64C05.4)
SHAWKI, F. S. CP.11(221CP.11)
SHEA, J. D. KBE.2(40KBE.2)
SHEARER, A. AGJ.1(118AGJ.1)
SHELTON, A. JP1.3(244JP1.3)
SHEN, J. CB.1(49CB.1)
SHEN, Z-Q. J07.11(135J07.11)
SHEPHERD, M. G09.1(164G09.1)
SHERSTYUKOV, O. N. GP2.3(267GP2.3), GP2.6(267GP2.6)
SHERSTYUKOV, R. O. GP2.3(267GP2.3), GP2.6(267GP2.6)
SHETZER, B. B10.1(156B10.1)
SHI, D. EP2.6(264EP2.6)
SHI, Q. HP1.15(241HP1.15), HP1.17(241HP1.17), HP1.18(241HP1.18)
SHI, Q. Q. H02.7(38H02.7)
SHIBATA, N. KP2.8(285KP2.8), KP2.9(285KP2.9)
SHIGA, N. AD.5(173AD.5)
SHIGE, S. F09.6(163F09.6)
SHIH, C-F. DP2.3(225DP2.3)
SHILLUE, W. J10.4(188J10.4)
SHIMAMURA, S. E02.7(32E02.7)
SHIMIZU, M. DAF2.3(179DAF2.3)
SHIMIZU, N. DAF1.3(159DAF1.3)
SHIMIZU, T. C05.2(64C05.2)
SHIN, K. F07.1(128F07.1)
SHINAGAWA, M. KP2.8(285KP2.8), KP2.9(285KP2.9)
SHINDIN, A. V. HG3.3(132HG3.3)
SHINOHARA, I. HP1.19(241HP1.19)
SHINOHARA, N. C06.3(70C06.3), CHGBDJK.1(101CHGBDJK.1), CHGBDJK.5(101CHGBDJK.5), CHGBDJK.7(102CHGBDJK.7)
SHINOHARA, S. H09.4(165H09.4)
SHIRVANY, Y. K07.6(152K07.6)
SHISHIDO, K. CB.5(49CB.5)
SHISHKOV, B. B. CHGBDJK.5(101CHGBDJK.5)
SHIVALDOVA, V. CBD.1(82CBD.1)
SHKLYAR, D. R. H03.7(59H03.7)
SHLYUGAEV, Y. V. E02.5(31E02.5)
SHMELEV, A. B. C10.3(141C10.3)
SHMELEVA, N. M. HP2.8(277HP2.8)
SHOJI, M. H02.4(37H02.4), HP1.30(243HP1.30)
SHOORY, A. E02.1(31E02.1)
SHORE, R. A. BD1.1(26BD1.1)
SHPRITS, Y. Y. HP1.28(243HP1.28)
SHPYNEV, B. HP2.15(278HP2.15)
SHUKLA, S. K. C05.5(64C05.5)
SHUTKO, A. FP2.2(266FP2.2)
SHUTLER, A. J. DAF2.1(179DAF2.1)
SHUVAL, A. EP1.8(228EP1.8)
SIAKAVARA, K. BP2.25(255BP2.25)
SIART, U. A04.4(66A04.4)
SIBILLE, A. CA.7(123CA.7), CA.9(123CA.9)
SIDDIQUI, J. Y. DP2.8(226DP2.8)
SIDORENKO, M. S. BP1.35(217BP1.35)
SIEFRING, C. L. G05.1(88G05.1)
SIEGEL, P. H. DAF2.4(179DAF2.4)
SIEMION, A. JP1.3(244JP1.3)
SIEMION, A. P. V. J11.4(208J11.4)
SIERADZKI, R. G02.7(36G02.7)
SIERRA PEREZ, M. B07.3(99B07.3)
SIERRA-PEREZ, M. BP2.41(257BP2.41)
SIHVOLA, A. B05.2(69B05.2), B06.1(80B06.1)
SILVA, F. E08.3(143E08.3)
SILVA, G. K03.2(62K03.2)
SILVE, A. K01.5(21K01.5)
SIMBA, A. Y. KAE.9(191KAE.9)
SIMOES, F. G02.9(36G02.9)
SIMOES, F. A. GP1.51(237GP1.51)
SIMON, C. G03.4(56G03.4)
SIMSEK, E. BD2.2(120BD2.2)
SIMSEK, Y. DAF1.4(159DAF1.4)
SINGH, A. K. F07.9(129F07.9), G07.3(130G07.3), GP2.42(273GP2.42), GP2.43(273GP2.43)
SINGH, C. E07.8(127E07.8)
SINGH, R. GP2.42(273GP2.42), HP2.22(279HP2.22)
SINGH, S. H01.2(17H01.2)
SINGH, S. V. H01.3(17H01.3), HP1.13(240HP1.13)
SINGH, T. D01.6(9D01.6)
SINHA, D. K. AP.1(250AP.1), HP2.9(277HP2.9)
SINHA, S. N. BP2.32(256BP2.32)
SIRAGUSA, R. B07.6(99B07.6), DBC.2(71DBC.2)
SIROTHIA, S. K. J02.5(42J02.5), J06.3(112J06.3)
SISODIYA, N. JP2.11(282JP2.11)
SITTAKUL, V. FP1.4(229FP1.4)
SIZUN, H. F01.2(13F01.2), FCA.6(203FCA.6), G01.6(15G01.6)
SJOBERG, D. ABD.7(6ABD.7), B06.5(80B06.5), BD1.2(26BD1.2)
SKAAR, J. B01.2(7B01.2)
SKIPPER, M. C. E03.5(52E03.5)
SKOBELEV, S. P. BP1.27(216BP1.27)
SKONE, S. FG.4(183FG.4)
SLAVOVA, A. EP1.10(228EP1.10)
SMEGAL, R. J. JP1.13(245JP1.13)
SMELY, D. CBD.1(82CBD.1)
SMIRNOV, O. M. J06.4(112J06.4), JP1.16(246JP1.16)
SMITH, D. M. GHE1.1(147GHE1.1)
SMITH, H. I. D07.3(124D07.3)
SMITH, P. BP2.9(253BP2.9)
SMITH, P. D. BP2.6(252BP2.6)
SOBRAL, J. H. A. GP1.39(235GP1.39)
SOFKO, G. J. GP1.28(234GP1.28)
SOHL, C. A04.2(66A04.2), B06.5(80B06.5), BP2.49(259BP2.49)
SOL, J. E01.4(11E01.4)
SOLA, L. K08.4(168K08.4)
SOLATKA, M. JP2.15(283JP2.15)
SOLIS, R. A03.5(45A03.5)
SOLJACIC, M. D03.9(51D03.9)
SOLOVIEVA, M. GHE3.2(204GHE3.2)
SOLOVIEVA, M. S. GHE3.6(205GHE3.6)
SONG, H-J. DAF1.3(159DAF1.3)
SONG, P. G01.1(15G01.1)
SONWALKAR, V. S. HG1.1(90HG1.1), HG1.2(90HG1.2), HG1.3(90HG1.3)
SORACE, C. M. DB1.4(29DB1.4)
SORIANO, G. B11.6(175B11.6), F06.6(107F06.6)
SORRISO-VALVO, L. HP1.11(240HP1.11)
SOUDLENKOV, G. JP1.9(245JP1.9)
SOUID, B. DP2.4(225DP2.4)
SOUNAS, D. BD1.9(27BD1.9), DB1.7(30DB1.7)
SOUNAS, D. L. B01.3(7B01.3)
SOUQUES, M. KP1.9(249KP1.9), KP2.1(284KP2.1)
SPADACINI, G. E01.6(11E01.6), E10.9(182E10.9)
SPASOJEVIC, M. HG3.2(132HG3.2), HP1.28(243HP1.28), HP2.12(277HP2.12)
SPELLA, M. CA.10(123CA.10)
SPITLER, L. J11.4(208J11.4)
SPOGLI, L. G07.2(130G07.2)
SPUHLER, P. S. K08.4(168K08.4)
SRIKANTH, S. JP2.15(283JP2.15)
SSESSANGA, N. G04.4(74G04.4), G06.3(108G06.3)
STAFFORD, G. AB3.1(154AB3.1)
STAKE, J. KP1.8(249KP1.8)
STANG, J. KBE.4(40KBE.4)
STANISłAWSKA, I. G07.9(131G07.9)
STANISLAVSKY, A. A. J02.7(43J02.7)
STANISLAWSKA, I. GP1.24(233GP1.24), GP2.34(272GP2.34)
STAPPERS, B. W. J01.5(19J01.5)
STAVRAKAKIS, K. K. B05.4(69B05.4)
STEER, M. B. BD2.8(121BD2.8)
STEFANELLI, R. AB1.6(78AB1.6), AB1.7(79AB1.7), DP1.1(223DP1.1), EP2.7(265EP2.7), KB.4(210KB.4)
STEINBACH, P. H11.5(206H11.5)
STENBAEK-NIELSEN, H. C. GHE2.2(192GHE2.2)
STENZEL, G. K05.2(114K05.2)
STESHENKO, S. B06.2(80B06.2)
STEVENS, J. JP2.1(281JP2.1)
STGAARD, N. GHE1.2(147GHE1.2)
STIENLET, J. HP1.14(241HP1.14)
STIEVANO, I. S. E10.7(182E10.7), E11.1(201E11.1)
STIX, G. K05.7(115K05.7)
STJERNMAN, A. CB.2(49CB.2)
STODILKA, R. Z. K07.5(151K07.5)
STOENNER, G. D01.2(9D01.2)
STOREY, M. JP2.17(283JP2.17)
STRANGEWAYS, H. J. FG.4(183FG.4), G07.11(131G07.11), G07.6(131G07.6)
STROMME, A. G03.2(56G03.2)
STRUZAK, R. E05.1(84E05.1)
SU, C-C. AP.3(250AP.3)
SU, D. EP1.1(227EP1.1)
SU, H-T. GHE2.1(192GHE2.1)
SU, K. DAF2.7(180DAF2.7)
SUBBOTIN, A. A. FG.6(183FG.6)
SUBRAHMANYAN, R. J01.1(19J01.1), JP1.20(246JP1.20)
SUDRET, B. KAE.6(191KAE.6)
SUEMATSU, N. C02.3(28C02.3)
SUGIURA, H. EP1.2(227EP1.2)
SUMOD, S. G. GP1.30(234GP1.30)
SUN, L. E05.3(84E05.3)
SUN, S. GP1.34(235GP1.34)
SUN, W. HP1.17(241HP1.17), HP1.18(241HP1.18)
SUN, W. J. H02.7(38H02.7)
SUN, Y. Y. GHE3.5(204GHE3.5)
SUNESSON, A. A04.2(66A04.2)
SUNG, K. W. E05.5(84E05.5)
SURMELI, K. AB2.4(97AB2.4), KBE.9(41KBE.9)
SUSNIK, A. G07.5(130G07.5)
SUTCLIFFE, P. R. GP2.20(269GP2.20), GP2.21(270GP2.21)
SUTTON, R. BP1.25(216BP1.25)
SUVOROVA, O. A. BP1.7(213BP1.7)
SUWADI, S. DP4.12(263DP4.12)
SUYAMA, S. FCA.4(203FCA.4)
SUZUK, Y. K06.9(138K06.9)
SUZUKI, H. B04.3(68B04.3), FCA.4(203FCA.4)
SUZUKI, R. CP.3(220CP.3)
SUZUKI, Y. C02.4(28C02.4), K06.10(138K06.10), K06.2(114K06.2), K06.4(137K06.4), KP1.3(248KP1.3), KP1.7(249KP1.7)
SWAIN, D. F06.10(107F06.10)
SWANN, W. C. AD.8(174AD.8)
SWARTZ, W. E. GP1.44(236GP1.44)
SWENSON, C. HP1.4(239HP1.4)
SWIATEK, A. GP2.34(272GP2.34)
SZABO, Z. DB1.1(29DB1.1)
SZCZERBA, D. KAE.4(190KAE.4), KP2.2(284KP2.2)
SZOMORU, A. JP1.5(244JP1.5)
T
TABUCHI, R. AGJ.7(119AGJ.7)
TAGGER, M. JP1.18(246JP1.18)
TAIRA, K. D07.5(124D07.5)
TAKADA, J-I. FCA.4(203FCA.4)
TAKAFUMI, S. C05.3(64C05.3)
TAKAGI, T. C02.3(28C02.3)
TAKAHASHI, F. H10.3(186H10.3)
TAKAHASHI, M. K05.9(115K05.9), K08.5(168K08.5), KAE.6(191KAE.6), KP1.6(248KP1.6), KP2.3(284KP2.3)
TAKAHASHI, S. JP2.19(283JP2.19)
TAKAHASHI, Y. AGJ.7(119AGJ.7), GHE2.1(192GHE2.1)
TAKAMOTO, M. AD.4(173AD.4)
TAKANO, S. JP2.19(283JP2.19)
TAKANO, T. AD.4(173AD.4), F09.7(163F09.7)
TAKEDA, T. GP1.56(238GP1.56), GP2.50(274GP2.50)
TAKEFUJI, K. EP1.4(227EP1.4)
TAKEUCHI, H. J04.6(76J04.6)
TAKEUCHI, K. BP1.15(214BP1.15)
TAKI, M. K06.10(138K06.10), K06.2(137K06.2), K06.4(137K06.4), K06.9(138K06.9), KP1.3(248KP1.3), KP2.7(285KP2.7), KP2.8(285KP2.8), KP2.9(285KP2.9)
TAKIGUCHI, H. AGJ.7(119AGJ.7)
TALAAT, E. R. G02.5(35G02.5)
TAMAYO, J. M. BP2.46(258BP2.46)
TAN, J. BP1.37(218BP1.37)
TANAKA, R. EP1.2(227EP1.2)
TANAKA, S. CHGBDJK.6(101CHGBDJK.6)
TANAKA, T. CP.14(222CP.14)
TANG, H. DF.7(200DF.7)
TANG, K. HP2.25(280HP2.25)
TANGUY, P. E07.1(126E07.1)
TANIFUJI, S. C02.3(28C02.3)
TANIKAWA, T. H09.4(165H09.4)
TANOH, S. K. M. T. GP2.35(272GP2.35)
TAO, X. H03.3(58H03.3)
TAPPING, K. F. J07.21(136J07.21)
TAPUCHI, S. AB2.9(98AB2.9), CHGBDJK.8(102CHGBDJK.8), E07.5(126E07.5)
TARANGE, V. S. AB2.3(97AB2.3)
TARAPHDER, S. F07.4(128F07.4)
TARKOCIN, Y. F04.1(73F04.1)
TASHIRO, Y. ABD.6(5ABD.6)
TAUBERT, R. DB2.7(83DB2.7)
TAYLOR, G. B. J02.1(42J02.1)
TAYLOR, J. A. ABD.4(5ABD.4)
TAYLOR, M. G. G. T. HG2.10(111HG2.10)
TAZAWA, K. KP1.4(248KP1.4)
TEDJINI, S. B07.6(99B07.6), D01.3(9D01.3), D01.6(9D01.6), DBC.2(71DBC.2)
TEIXEIRA, F. L. BP1.9(214BP1.9), DP4.5(262DP4.5)
TEJERO, E. HP2.3(276HP2.3)
TEJERO, E. M. H09.6(165H09.6)
TEKBAS, M. BP1.40(218BP1.40), BP1.42(218BP1.42), DAF2.5(179DAF2.5)
TEKIN, I. C10.6(141C10.6)
TENG, C-H. DP3.4(260DP3.4)
TENTZERIS, M. D01.5(9D01.5)
TENTZERIS, M. M. DB1.2(29DB1.2), DT.1(103DT.1)
TEPENITSYNA, N. Y. GP2.51(274GP2.51)
TERESHCHENKO, E. D. GP2.27(271GP2.27)
TERESHCHENKO, O. V. A04.1(66A04.1)
TESCHE, F. M. E03.3(52E03.3)
TESSON, O. DP2.9(226DP2.9)
TESTE, A. H02.10(38H02.10)
TETZLAFF, R. EP1.10(228EP1.10)
THAI SINGAMA, R. DP2.7(226DP2.7)
THAMPI, S. V. G05.4(88G05.4), GP2.23(270GP2.23)
THE 65M PROJECT TEAM, J07.11(135J07.11)
THEBERGE, J. K07.5(151K07.5)
THEMENS, D. R. GP1.42(236GP1.42)
THEUER, M. DAF2.1(179DAF2.1)
THEUREAU, G. J07.7(134J07.7)
THOMAE, R. CA.1(122CA.1), CA.4(122CA.4), CA.5(122CA.5)
THOMAS, A. K07.3(151K07.3)
THOMAS, A. W. K07.5(151K07.5)
THOMAS, D. W. E10.3(181E10.3)
THOMAS, D. W. P. E11.6(202E11.6)
THOMAS, JR, E. H09.6(165H09.6)
THOMPSON, R. T. K07.5(151K07.5)
THOMPSON, T. W. J11.3(208J11.3)
THOMSON, M. D. BP1.16(215BP1.16)
THOMSON, N. R. HP1.26(242HP1.26)
THORAT, P. P. A03.7(46A03.7)
THORDSTEIN, M. K07.6(152K07.6)
THORE, R. M. H03.3(58H03.3)
TIAN, J. KP1.1(248KP1.1)
TIAN, M. F06.2(106F06.2)
TICHIT, P. H. DP4.4(262DP4.4)
TICHIT, P-H. DP4.3(262DP4.3)
TIIKKAJA, M. K05.8(115K05.8)
TIJHUIS, A. G. B12.3(196B12.3)
TININ, M. V. BP1.31(217BP1.31), BP1.34(217BP1.34), FG.5(183FG.5)
TITOVA, E. HP1.25(242HP1.25)
TITOVA, E. E. HP1.27(243HP1.27)
TITOVA, M. A. GP1.17(232GP1.17)
TIWARI, D. GP1.2(230GP1.2)
TIWARI, R. FG.4(183FG.4), G07.11(131G07.11), G07.6(131G07.6)
TIWARI, S. F07.9(129F07.9), FG.4(183FG.4), G07.6(131G07.6)
TJELTA, T. E05.1(84E05.1)
TKACHENKO, S. V. EP2.9(265EP2.9)
TLICH, M. E07.3(126E07.3)
TOBAR, M. E. ABD.5(5ABD.5)
TOCCAFONDI, A. B03.6(47B03.6), B03.7(48B03.7)
TODD, R. AB3.1(154AB3.1)
TOIVANEN, J. AB1.1(78AB1.1)
TOKER, C. FG.10(184FG.10)
TOKER, K. A. FCA.2(203FCA.2)
TOLSTIKOV, M. V. F07.10(129F07.10), G02.6(35G02.6)
TOMASIK, &. G07.9(131G07.9)
TOPALLI, K. AP.5(250AP.5)
TOPSAKAL, E. DP1.6(223DP1.6), K04.7(94K04.7), KP2.10(285KP2.10)
TORRICO, S. A. F02.2(33F02.2)
TOSAKA, T. EP2.2(264EP2.2)
TOSUN, P. D. E11.7(202E11.7)
TRAILLE, A. DB1.2(29DB1.2), DT.1(103DT.1)
TRAN, N. CB.1(49CB.1)
TRETKEN, B. AB3.2(154AB3.2)
TRETYAKOV, O. A. BP2.7(253BP2.7), BP2.8(253BP2.8)
TRETYAKOV, S. A. BD1.5(26BD1.5)
TREUTTEL, J. F01.6(13F01.6)
TRICHOPOULOS, G. C. AP.5(250AP.5)
TRIGO, L. A03.5(45A03.5)
TRINCHERO, D. AB1.6(78AB1.6), AB1.7(79AB1.7), BP2.21(255BP2.21), D01.5(9D01.5), DP1.1(223DP1.1), EP2.7(265EP2.7), KAE.5(190KAE.5), KB.4(210KB.4)
TRINCHERO, S. KB.4(210KB.4)
TROTIGNON, J. G. HP1.25(242HP1.25)
TROTIGNON, J-G. HG2.9(111HG2.9)
TRUHLIK, V. HG2.1(110HG2.1), HG2.2(110HG2.2)
TSAGOURI, I. GP1.53(237GP1.53)
TSAI, J-S. A04.6(67A04.6)
TSAI, W-L. DP2.5(225DP2.5)
TSIBOUKIS, T. D. EP2.3(264EP2.3)
TSUBOI, M. JP2.16(283JP2.16)
TSUBOUCHI, K. C02.3(28C02.3), K08.5(168K08.5)
TSUCHIYA, S. AGJ.7(119AGJ.7)
TSUDA, T. GP1.12(231GP1.12)
TSUJI, H. CP.3(220CP.3)
TSUKAMOTO, K. CP.12(221CP.12)
TSUNAKAWA, H. H10.3(186H10.3), H10.4(186H10.4), H10.8(187H10.8)
TSUNEKAWA, Y. CB.5(49CB.5)
TSUNODA, R. G05.4(88G05.4)
TSUTSUI, M. GP2.44(273GP2.44)
TSYBULYA, K. G. HG2.3(110HG2.3)
TUCHKIN, Y. A. BP1.7(213BP1.7)
TULASIRAM, S. GP1.27(234GP1.27)
TULUNAY, E. G07.8(131G07.8)
TULUNAY, Y. G07.8(131G07.8)
TUREKTEN, B. KBE.9(41KBE.9)
TURETKEN, B. BP1.33(217BP1.33), C12.8(178C12.8), K04.2(93K04.2), KP1.10(249KP1.10)
TURKKAN, T. BP2.44(258BP2.44)
TURKMEN, M. DP3.5(260DP3.5)
TURKMEN, O. DP4.6(262DP4.6)
TURKOGLU, F. DAF1.4(159DAF1.4), DP4.10(263DP4.10)
TURNER-FOSTER, A. C. D08.3(142D08.3)
TURUNEN, E. G03.1(56G03.1), G03.10(57G03.10), G05.6(89G05.6)
TUTHILL, J. JP1.4(244JP1.4)
TYLER, L. J05.4(92J05.4)
TYO, J. S. E03.5(52E03.5)
TZIOUMIS, T. JP2.17(283JP2.17)
U
UBACHS, W. AD.7(174AD.7)
UDAYA SHANKAR, N. J07.19(136J07.19), J07.20(136J07.20)
UEDA, K-I. AGJ.8(119AGJ.8)
UEHARA, H. C05.3(64C05.3)
UEMATSU, K. C05.3(64C05.3)
UENO, S. K07.1(151K07.1), KP2.4(284KP2.4)
UGUR, M. EP1.5(227EP1.5)
UHLIR, L. GP1.26(233GP1.26)
UHRICH, P. A03.6(46A03.6)
UJIHARA, H. EP1.4(227EP1.4), JP2.16(283JP2.16)
ULGUDUR, C. D03.2(50D03.2)
ULICH, T. G03.10(57G03.10), HP1.26(242HP1.26)
ULKU, H. A. BP2.34(257BP2.34), BP2.35(257BP2.35)
UMA, G. G05.5(88G05.5)
UMA, K. N. F06.5(106F06.5)
UMEDA, T. H02.1(37H02.1)
UNAL, A. BP1.42(218BP1.42), BP1.43(218BP1.43), F05.2(86F05.2)
UNAL, I. G07.8(131G07.8), KBE.9(41KBE.9)
UNLU, M. S. K08.4(168K08.4)
UNLU, S. D07.10(125D07.10)
UNLU, S. M. D07.8(125D07.8)
UNNO, A. KP1.7(249KP1.7)
UNO, T. KAE.9(191KAE.9), KP1.11(249KP1.11)
UPADHAYAYA, A. K. GP1.33(234GP1.33)
UPRADE, R. JP2.11(282JP2.11)
URBINA, J. G08.2(145G08.2)
URBINA, J. V. GP2.29(271GP2.29), GP2.30(271GP2.30)
URCO, M. GP2.28(271GP2.28)
UREY, H. D07.9(125D07.9)
URYADOV, V. P. HP2.17(278HP2.17)
USHAKOV, Y. S. C12.9(178C12.9)
USHIO, T. E02.6(31E02.6), E02.7(32E02.7), EGH.5(72EGH.5), F09.6(163F09.6)
USHIYAMA, A. KP1.7(249KP1.7)
USLENGHI, P. L. E. B03.10(48B03.10), BP1.5(213BP1.5)
USTA, I. EP1.5(227EP1.5)
USTINOV, E. A. J11.3(208J11.3)
USTUNER, F. AB1.3(78AB1.3), E08.4(143E08.4), E11.5(201E11.5)
USUI, H. H11.3(206H11.3), HP1.20(241HP1.20)
USUPOV, K. GP1.57(238GP1.57), GP1.58(238GP1.58)
USUPOV, K. M. GP1.23(233GP1.23)
UTKU, C. F04.1(73F04.1), F04.6(73F04.6)
V
V A, S. AP.7(251AP.7)
VAFIADIS, E. E. BP2.25(255BP2.25)
VAHIDPOUR, M. DB1.9(30DB1.9)
VAINIKAINEN, P. AB1.1(78AB1.1)
VAKILI, I. B06.5(80B06.5)
VALAT, D. A03.6(46A03.6)
VALERIO, G. BD1.4(26BD1.4), EP1.11(228EP1.11)
VALLADARES, C. G09.2(164G09.2)
VALLADARES, C. E. G06.2(108G06.2)
VALLAITIS, T. D07.2(124D07.2)
VALLECCHI, A. BP2.18(254BP2.18), BP2.19(254BP2.19)
VALLIERES, X. HG2.9(111HG2.9)
VAN ARDENNE, A. J06.10(113J06.10)
VAN CAPPELLEN, W. A. BJ.5(140BJ.5), DBC.5(71DBC.5), J03.8(61J03.8)
VAN DE CAPELLE, A. R. BP1.26(216BP1.26), F03.9(55F03.9)
VAN DER HULST, T. J06.10(113J06.10)
VAN DER MERWE, C. E08.1(143E08.1)
VAN DER MERWE, P. S. E08.1(143E08.1)
VAN DER VELDE, O. GHE2.4(192GHE2.4)
VAN DER VELDE, R. FP1.2(229FP1.2)
VAN DEURSEN, A. P. J. E09.1(161E09.1)
VAN DRIEL, W. J08.5(150J08.5)
VAN EYKEN, A. P. G03.1(56G03.1)
VAN HAARLEM, M. J07.8(135J07.8)
VAN HAARLEM, M. P. J02.2(42J02.2), JP1.21(247JP1.21)
VAN LANGEVELDE, H. H. J. J07.2(134J07.2)
VAN LIL, E. H. BP1.26(216BP1.26), F03.9(55F03.9)
VAN NIEUWPOORT, R. V. JP1.1(244JP1.1)
VAN NIEUWSTADT, L. KBE.4(40KBE.4)
VAN ZYL, M. HP2.5(276HP2.5)
VANDE GINSTE, D. E11.3(201E11.3)
VARSIER, N. KAE.6(191KAE.6)
VASILIEV, I. BP1.30(217BP1.30)
VASYLIUNAS, V. M. G01.1(15G01.1)
VATS, H. O. JP2.8(282JP2.8)
VECCHI, G. EB.6(104EB.6)
VEENADHARI, B. GP2.42(273GP2.42), HP2.22(279HP2.22)
VEGA, F. E03.4(52E03.4)
VEGESNA, S. BP1.28(216BP1.28)
VEIDT, B. J03.8(61J03.8), J07.21(136J07.21), JP1.13(245JP1.13), JP1.14(246JP1.14)
VELAZQUEZ-AHUMADA, M. C. DB3.5(116DB3.5)
VELIPASALAR, S. K08.3(168K08.3)
VELLANTE, M. HP1.1(239HP1.1)
VELZQUEZ AHUMADA, M. D. C. E11.4(201E11.4)
VENA, A. D01.6(9D01.6)
VENKATESULU, B. BP2.2(252BP2.2)
VERMEEREN, G. K05.10(115K05.10)
VERMEULEN, R. C. J02.2(42J02.2), J07.8(135J07.8), JP1.21(247JP1.21)
VERNIER, P. T. K01.4(21K01.4)
VEROLINO, L. E02.4(31E02.4)
VERRONEN, P. T. G03.10(57G03.10)
VERTIY, A. BP1.40(218BP1.40), BP1.43(218BP1.43), DAF2.5(179DAF2.5), F05.2(86F05.2)
VERTIY, A. A. BP1.42(218BP1.42)
VERTOGRADOV, G. G. HP2.17(278HP2.17)
VESANEN, P. T. K07.4(151K07.4)
VESNIN, A. M. GP1.40(235GP1.40)
VIAS, A. F. HG1.4(90HG1.4)
VIEIRA, M. E07.4(